Redalyc.Brassolis Isthmia (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Redalyc.Brassolis Isthmia (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) Agronomía Mesoamericana ISSN: 1021-7444 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica Mexzón, Ramón G. Brassolis isthmia (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE), EN PEJIBAYE Y EN COCOTERO EN COSTA RICA Agronomía Mesoamericana, vol. 22, núm. 1, enero-junio, 2011, pp. 149-155 Universidad de Costa Rica Alajuela, Costa Rica Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=43721202018 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto AGRONOMÍA MESOAMERICANA 22(1):149-155. 2011 ISSN: 1021-7444 NOTA TÉCNICA Brassolis isthmia (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE), EN PEJIBAYE Y EN COCOTERO EN COSTA RICA1 Ramón G. Mexzón2 RESUMEN ABSTRACT Brassolis isthmia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), en Brassolis isthmia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in pejibaye y en cocotero en Costa Rica. El obje­ti­vo de­ e­ste­ peach palm and coconut palm in Costa Rica. The­ li­fe­ tra­ba­jo fue­ de­scri­bi­r e­l ci­clo de­ vi­da­ de­ Brassolis isthmia cycle­ of Brassolis isthmia was studied under field and a­soci­a­do a­l p­e­ji­ba­ye­ ba­jo condi­ci­one­s de­ ca­mp­o y de­ la­bora­- la­bora­tory condi­ti­ons i­n Gua­p­i­le­s, Li­mon, Costa­ ri­ca­. Thi­s tori­o, y su a­cti­vi­da­d e­n cocote­ro. El ci­clo de­ vi­da­ de­ B. isth- study wa­s ca­rri­e­d out be­twe­e­n se­p­te­mbe­r a­nd Nove­mbe­r, mia fue­ e­studi­a­do e­n condi­ci­one­s de­ ca­mp­o y de­ la­bora­tori­o e­n Guáp­i­le­s, Li­món, Costa­ ri­ca­, e­ntre­ se­ti­e­mbre­ y novi­e­m- 1994, duri­ng a­n i­nse­ct outbre­a­k i­n a­ p­e­a­ch p­a­lm p­la­nta­ti­on. bre­ de­ 1994, dura­nte­ un i­ncre­me­nto p­obla­ci­ona­l de­l i­nse­cto Duri­ng the­ followi­ng ye­a­rs we­re­ conducte­d obse­rva­ti­ons of e­n una­ p­la­nta­ci­ón de­ p­e­ji­ba­ye­. En los a­ños si­gui­e­nte­s se­ the butterfly feeding activities on coconut palms, in several re­a­li­za­ron obse­rva­ci­one­s de­ la­s a­cti­vi­da­de­s a­li­me­nta­ri­a­s de­ loca­li­ti­e­s of the­ ca­ri­bbe­a­n slop­e­s too. se­ve­ra­l hundre­d e­ggs la­ ma­ri­p­osa­ e­n cocote­ro e­n va­ri­a­s loca­li­da­de­s de­ la­ Ve­rti­e­nte­ and larvae in the first instar were collected and placed in ca­ri­be­ña­. Va­ri­os ce­nte­na­re­s de­ hue­vos y de­ la­rva­s de­ p­ri­me­r group­s of te­n i­ndi­vi­dua­ls, a­nd fe­d wi­th p­i­e­ce­s of p­e­a­ch p­a­lm e­sta­di­o fue­ron re­cole­cta­da­s y coloca­da­s e­n grup­os de­ di­e­z le­a­ve­s of 30 x 80 mm. The­ numbe­r of la­rva­e­ ne­ce­ssa­ry to i­ndi­vi­duos, y a­li­me­nta­da­s con p­e­da­zos de­ hoja­s de­ p­e­ji­ba­ye­, ca­use­ de­foli­a­ti­ons of 5 a­nd 20% wa­s ca­lcula­te­d for e­a­ch de­ 30 x 80 mm. El núme­ro de­ la­rva­s ne­ce­sa­ri­o p­a­ra­ ca­usa­r la­rva­l de­ve­lop­me­nta­l sta­ge­. Ave­ra­ge­ de­ve­lop­me­nt took 159 de­foli­a­ci­one­s de­ 5% y 20% fue­ ca­lcula­do p­a­ra­ ca­da­ e­sta­do de­ de­sa­rrollo la­rva­l. El ci­clo de­ vi­da­ p­rome­di­o duró 159 día­s, da­ys, di­stri­bute­d a­s follows: e­gg 20, la­rva­l 114, p­up­a­l 20, a­nd di­stri­bui­dos e­n la­s e­ta­p­a­s de­: hue­vo: 20, la­rva­: 114, p­up­a­: 20 a­dult 5 da­ys. The­ la­rva­e­ a­re­ gre­ga­ri­ous, fe­e­d duri­ng the­ ni­ght y a­dulto: 5 día­s. La­s la­rva­s son gre­ga­ri­a­s, se­ a­li­me­nta­n du- a­nd re­ma­i­n duri­ng the­ da­y i­n ne­sts constructe­d wi­th de­bri­s of ra­nte­ la­ noche­ y p­e­rma­ne­ce­n dura­nte­ e­l día­ e­n ni­dos construi­- dry le­a­ve­s a­nd si­lk. The­ consump­ti­on ra­te­ duri­ng the­ la­rva­l dos con re­stos de­ hoja­s se­ca­s y se­da­. El consumo p­rome­di­o sta­ge­ wa­s of 820.62 cm²; the­ se­ve­nth i­nsta­r a­ccounts for dura­nte­ la­ e­ta­p­a­ la­rva­ e­s de­ 820,62 cm² de­ folla­je­; e­l sép­ti­mo 72.8% of thi­s. e­sta­do la­rva­l re­qui­e­re­ un 72,8% de­ éste­. Key words: Butterfly life cycle, Brassolinae, Bactris Palabras claves: ci­clo vi­ta­l de­ la­ ma­ri­p­osa­, Bra­ssoli­- gasipaes, Cocos nucifera. na­e­, Bactris gasipaes, Cocos nucifera. 1 Re­ci­bi­do: 22 de­ se­ti­e­mbre­, 2010. Ace­p­ta­do: 6 de­ juni­o, 2011. 2 Muse­o de­ Inse­ctos, Escue­la­ de­ Agronomía­, Uni­ve­rsi­da­d de­ Costa­ ri­ca­, sa­n José, Costa­ ri­ca­. E-ma­i­l: rgme­xzon@gma­i­l.com 150 MEXZÓN: Brassolis isthmia EN PEJIBAYE Y EN COCOTERO INTRODUCCIÓN MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS La­s ma­ri­p­osa­s de­l géne­ro Brassolis se­ a­grup­a­n Este­ e­studi­o se­ re­a­li­zó e­n condi­ci­one­s de­ la­bora­- e­n ci­nco e­sp­e­ci­e­s di­stri­bui­da­s de­sde­ Gua­te­ma­la­ ha­sta­ tori­o y e­n una­ p­la­nta­ci­ón de­ p­e­ji­ba­ye­, ubi­ca­da­ e­n la­ e­l norte­ de­ la­ re­gi­ón de­l Ama­zona­s, y sus la­rva­s se­ Esta­ci­ón Exp­e­ri­me­nta­l Agrícola­ Los Di­a­ma­nte­s, e­n a­li­me­nta­n de­ p­a­lma­s. En ce­ntroa­méri­ca­ y e­n Pa­na­má Guáp­i­le­s, p­rovi­nci­a­ de­ Li­món, Costa­ ri­ca­, ubi­ca­da­ a­ e­xi­ste­ Brassolis isthmia Ba­te­s, e­n cocote­ro (Cocos una­ a­lti­tud de­ 234 msm y a­ una­ la­ti­tud de­ 10° 13’ N. nucifera L.) (Dunn 1917). La­s condi­ci­one­s cli­máti­ca­s fue­ron de­ una­ te­mp­e­ra­tura­ En Costa­ ri­ca­, la­s ma­ri­p­osa­s bra­ssoli­na­s se­ di­stri­- p­rome­di­o de­ 25,1°C (23º a­ 30º), una­ hume­da­d re­la­ti­va­ buye­n e­n e­l bosque­ trop­i­ca­l ha­sta­ los 180 msnm, p­ri­n- de­ 89% (79 a­ 92) y una­ p­re­ci­p­i­ta­ci­ón a­nua­l a­cumu- ci­p­a­lme­nte­ e­n la­ Ve­rti­e­nte­ Atlánti­ca­ (De­ Vri­e­s 1987). la­da­ de­ 4500 mm. La­s condi­ci­one­s de­ te­mp­e­ra­tura­ y La­s la­rva­s se­ a­li­me­nta­n de­ p­la­nta­s monocoti­le­dóne­a­s, hume­da­d re­la­ti­va­ de­l la­bora­tori­o se­ re­gi­stra­ron con un si­e­ndo a­lguna­s e­sp­e­ci­e­s de­ la­s fa­mi­li­a­s Are­ca­ce­a­e­, hi­grote­rmóme­tro, y e­l fotop­e­ríodo fue­ de­ 12:12 h. Brome­li­a­ce­a­e­, He­li­coni­a­ce­a­e­, Musa­ce­a­e­ y Poa­ce­a­e­, El ci­clo de­ vi­da­ de­ B. isthmia se­ e­studi­ó de­ se­p­- los huésp­e­de­s más i­mp­orta­nte­s. Alguna­s e­sp­e­ci­e­s de­ ti­e­mbre­ a­ novi­e­mbre­ de­ 1994 e­n e­l mome­nto e­n que­ bra­ssoli­na­s ha­n lle­ga­do a­ comp­orta­rse­ como p­la­ga­s ocurri­ó un i­ncre­me­nto p­obla­ci­ona­l de­l i­nse­cto e­n un e­n culti­vos, p­or e­je­mp­lo, Brassolis sophorae L.
Recommended publications
  • BIOLOGIA DO BICHO DO CESTO Oiketicus Kirbyi EM FOLHAS DE
    BIOLOGIA DO BICHO DO CESTO Oiketicus kirbyi (Lands.-Guilding, 1827) (Lepidoptera, Psychidae) EM FOLHAS DE Eucalyptus spp.* J.J. Campos Arce** O. Peres Fº *** E. Berti Fº ** RESUMO O bicho do cesto, Oiketicus kirbyi (Lands.-Guilding, 1827), inseto extrema¬ mente polífago, é praga de várias cultu¬ ras de importância econômica, principal¬ mente na região sul do Brasil. Sua ocor¬ rência em áreas reflorestadas com euca¬ lipto é freqüente, embora não tenha cau¬ sado, ainda, danos econômicos de monta. Este trabalho trata da biologia deste inseto em folhas de Eucalyptus spp., com a finalidade de trazer subsídios para o caso de eventuais surtos de O. kirbyi em florestas implantadas. O bicho do ces¬ to foi criado em laboratório em tempera¬ tura de 25±3°C, umidade relativa de 70± 10% e fotofase de 13 h. Os seguintes va¬ lores médios foram obtidos: período em­ brionário de 43,1 dias, período larval de 140 dias (machos) e 151 dias (fêmeas), * Entregue para publicação em 23/03/87. ** Departam. de Entomologia - ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba/SP. *** Fund. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, - Departamento de Engenharia Florestal. período pupal de 38,2 dias (machos), lon¬ gevidade dos adultos de 3,0 dias (ma­ chos) e 3,9 dias (fêmeas) e período de oviposição 2,1 dias. Foram determina­ das, também, as dimensões de OVOS, pu¬ pas, adultos e das cápsulas cefálicas, o número de ínstares larvais, período de cópula, além da estimativa do dano foliar. mente citada na literatura, no entanto alguns autores a- dotam Oe.ceti.cus, designação esta proposta por Harris (1842), citado por 0S0RI0 (1955), com finalidade cor­ retiva em função da latinização do nome grego mais fre­ qüentemente citado.
    [Show full text]
  • Bionomics of Bagworms (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)
    ANRV363-EN54-11 ARI 27 August 2008 20:44 V I E E W R S I E N C N A D V A Bionomics of Bagworms ∗ (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) Marc Rhainds,1 Donald R. Davis,2 and Peter W. Price3 1Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47901; email: [email protected] 2Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., 20013-7012; email: [email protected] 3Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011-5640; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2009. 54:209–26 Key Words The Annual Review of Entomology is online at bottom-up effects, flightlessness, mating failure, parthenogeny, ento.annualreviews.org phylogenetic constraint hypothesis, protogyny This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev.ento.54.110807.090448 Abstract Copyright c 2009 by Annual Reviews. The bagworm family (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) includes approximately All rights reserved 1000 species, all of which complete larval development within a self- 0066-4170/09/0107-0209$20.00 enclosing bag. The family is remarkable in that female aptery occurs in ∗The U.S. Government has the right to retain a over half of the known species and within 9 of the 10 currently recog- nonexclusive, royalty-free license in and to any nized subfamilies. In the more derived subfamilies, several life-history copyright covering this paper. traits are associated with eruptive population dynamics, e.g., neoteny of females, high fecundity, dispersal on silken threads, and high level of polyphagy. Other salient features shared by many species include a short embryonic period, developmental synchrony, sexual segrega- tion of pupation sites, short longevity of adults, male-biased sex ratio, sexual dimorphism, protogyny, parthenogenesis, and oviposition in the pupal case.
    [Show full text]
  • Aves: Cuculidae)
    Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Parag. Vol. 19, nº 2 (Dic. 2015): 58-61100-100 OBSERVATIONS OF NOVEL FEEDING TACTICS IN GUIRA CUCKOO GUIRA GUIRA (AVES: CUCULIDAE) P. Smith1,2 1Fauna Paraguay, Encarnación, Itapúa, Paraguay. www.faunaparaguay.com. E-mail: [email protected] 2Para La Tierra, Reserva Natural Laguna Blanca, San Pedro, Paraguay. Abstract.- Two unusual feeding observations by Guira Cuckoo Guira guira (Cuculidae) are reported. The birds were seen to raid the closed nests of the butterfly Brassolis sophorae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), and also to take cicadas (Auchenorrhyncha) that had become trapped in a mist-net. Key words: Auchenorrhyncha, Brassolis sophorae, foraging, Nymphalidae, Paraguay. Resumen.- Se reportan dos observaciones de comportamiento de forrajeo poco usual para la Piririta Guira guira (Cu- culidae). Las aves fueron observados saqueando los nidos cerrados de la mariposa Brassolis sophorae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), y tambien a depredar chicharras (Auchenorrhyncha) que habían quedado atrapados en redes de niebla. Palabras clave: Auchenorrhyncha, Brassolis sophorae, forrageo, Nymphalidae, Paraguay. The Guira Cuckoo Guira guira (Gmelin, 1798) valho et al., 1998). The social larvae (Fig. 1) is a widespread socially-breeding cuculid feed nocturnally on palms (Arecaceae) and are (Macedo, 1992, 1994; Macedo & Bianchi, 1997) considered agricultural pests because of their found throughout eastern South America from tendency to completely defoliate the plants upon northeastern Brazil to south-central Argentina which they feed (Cleare, 1915; Rai, 1971). The (Payne, 2005). In Paraguay it is a common and larvae take refuge by day in large communal familiar species, occurring in open areas in silk nests, interwoven within the palm leaves small, noisy flocks of 6 to 8, or exceptionally (Marassá, 1985), and mark their trail with a silk up to 20 birds (Payne, 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • Nymphalidae, Brassolinae) from Panama, with Remarks on Larval Food Plants for the Subfamily
    Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 5,3 (4), 1999, 142- 152 EARLY STAGES OF CALICO ILLIONEUS AND C. lDOMENEUS (NYMPHALIDAE, BRASSOLINAE) FROM PANAMA, WITH REMARKS ON LARVAL FOOD PLANTS FOR THE SUBFAMILY. CARLA M. PENZ Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Milwaukee Public Museum, 800 West Wells Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA , and Curso de P6s-Gradua9ao em Biocicncias, Pontiffcia Universidade Cat61ica do Rio Grande do SuI, Av. Ipiranga 6681, FOlto Alegre, RS 90619-900, BRAZIL ANNETTE AIELLO Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apdo. 2072, Balboa, Ancon, HEPUBLIC OF PANAMA AND ROBERT B. SRYGLEY Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apdo. 2072, Balboa, Ancon, REPUBLIC OF PANAMA, and Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX13PS, ENGLAND ABSTRACT, Here we describe the complete life cycle of Galigo illioneus oberon Butler and the mature larva and pupa of C. idomeneus (L.). The mature larva and pupa of each species are illustrated. We also provide a compilation of host records for members of the Brassolinae and briefly address the interaction between these butterflies and their larval food plants, Additional key words: Central America, host records, monocotyledonous plants, larval food plants. The nymphalid subfamily Brassolinae includes METHODS Neotropical species of large body size and crepuscular habits, both as caterpillars and adults (Harrison 1963, Between 25 May and .31 December, 1994 we Casagrande 1979, DeVries 1987, Slygley 1994). Larvae searched for ovipositing female butterflies along generally consume large quantities of plant material to Pipeline Road, Soberania National Park, Panama, mo­ reach maturity, a behavior that may be related as much tivated by a study on Caligo mating behavior (Srygley to the low nutrient content of their larval food plants & Penz 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • El Gusano Canasta, Oiketicus Kirbyi Lands Guilding (Lepidoptera: Psychidae), Plaga De La Palma Aceitera
    ASD Oil Palm Paper (Costa Rica), No 25: 24-28, 2003 El gusano canasta, Oiketicus kirbyi Lands Guilding (Lepidoptera: Psychidae), plaga de la palma aceitera Ramón G. Mexzón1; C.Ml. Chinchilla2.; Rolvin Rodríguez2 Introducción El gusano canasta, Oiketicus kirbyi es un insecto polífago que se alimenta de varios cultivos y plantas silvestres: musáceas (Musas pp.), cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin), pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes Kunth), cocotero (Cocos nucifera L.), almendro (Terminalia catappa L), cítricos (Citrus spp.), teca (Tectona grandis L.), eucalipto (Eucalyptusspp.), níspero (Eryobothria japonica) y otras. En las plantaciones de banano en la zona Atlántica de Costa Rica se produjeron explosiones poblacionales durante 1962 y 1964 como consecuencia de las aplicaciones de un insecticida de amplio espectro y gran poder residual (dieldrin) para controlar una infestación de un áfido, las cuales destruyeron las poblaciones de enemigos naturales (Lara 1970). La presencia de O. kirbyi en palma aceitera era conocida desde hacía muchos años en Centro América (Chinchilla 1989), pero el primer incremento poblacional en este cultivo se observó en una plantación vecina a otra de plátano en Puerto Armuelles, Panamá en 1990. A inicios del año siguiente, se presentó un incremento poblacional en otra plantación de palma aceitera relativamente cercana a la primera, pero esta vez en Costa Rica. Al año siguiente, el foco de la plaga (inicialmente en solo dos lotes de cosecha), se extendió a varios centenares de hectáreas, y los incrementos poblacionales se repitieron en los siguientes años. Durante todo este periodo (hasta 1996), se realizaron varias aplicaciones aéreas de Bacillus thuringiensis (generalmente Dipel: 0.8 a 1.5 l/ha), hasta que la población declinó y fue sostenida por los enemigos naturales.
    [Show full text]
  • 1996 No. 4 December
    TROPICAL LEPIDOPTERA NEWS December 1996 No.4 LEPIDOPTERORUM CATALOGUS (New Series) The new world catalog of Lepidoptera renews the series title The new series (as edited by J. B. Heppner) began already in first begun in 1911. The original catalog series was published by 1989 with publication of the catalog of Noctuidae, by R. Poole. W. Junk Publishers of Berlin, Germany (later The Hague, E. J. Brill Publishers, of Leiden, Netherlands, published this first Netherlands), continuing until 1939 when the incomplete series fascicle in 3 volumes, covering already about a third of all known was deactivated due to World War II. The original series Lepidoptera. Since ATL took over the series, several families completed a large number of families between 1911 and 1939, have been readied for publication. Already this month, Fascicle totalling about 3 shelf-feet of text. Most Microlepidoptera, 48, on Epermeniidae, was published (authored by R. Gaedike, of however, were not covered, as also several macro families like the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalde, Germany). Noctuidae, and several families are incomplete (e.g., Geometridae In 1997, several other smaller families are expected, including and Pyralidae). Even for what was treated, the older catalogs are Acanthopteroctetidae (Davis), Acrolepiidae (Gaedike), Cecidosi­ now greatly out of date, due to the description of many new dae (Davis), Cercophanidae (Becker), Glyphipterigidae (Heppner), species and many changes in nomenclature over the last 5 to 8 Neotheoridae (Kristensen), Ochsenheimeriidae (Davis), Opostegi­ decades. dae (Davis), and Oxytenidae (Becker). Much of the publication The new series resembles the old series in some ways but it schedule depends on the cooperation of various specialists who will also have features not found in the old work.
    [Show full text]
  • The Radiation of Satyrini Butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): A
    Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 161, 64–87. With 8 figures The radiation of Satyrini butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a challenge for phylogenetic methods CARLOS PEÑA1,2*, SÖREN NYLIN1 and NIKLAS WAHLBERG1,3 1Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 2Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Arenales 1256, Apartado 14-0434, Lima-14, Peru 3Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland Received 24 February 2009; accepted for publication 1 September 2009 We have inferred the most comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis to date of butterflies in the tribe Satyrini. In order to obtain a hypothesis of relationships, we used maximum parsimony and model-based methods with 4435 bp of DNA sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear genes for 179 taxa (130 genera and eight out-groups). We estimated dates of origin and diversification for major clades, and performed a biogeographic analysis using a dispersal–vicariance framework, in order to infer a scenario of the biogeographical history of the group. We found long-branch taxa that affected the accuracy of all three methods. Moreover, different methods produced incongruent phylogenies. We found that Satyrini appeared around 42 Mya in either the Neotropical or the Eastern Palaearctic, Oriental, and/or Indo-Australian regions, and underwent a quick radiation between 32 and 24 Mya, during which time most of its component subtribes originated. Several factors might have been important for the diversification of Satyrini: the ability to feed on grasses; early habitat shift into open, non-forest habitats; and geographic bridges, which permitted dispersal over marine barriers, enabling the geographic expansions of ancestors to new environ- ments that provided opportunities for geographic differentiation, and diversification.
    [Show full text]
  • A Butterfly Injurious to Coconut Palms in British Guiana
    CORE ZENODO provided by brought to you by 273 A BUTTERFLY INJURIOUS TO COCONUT PALMS IN BRITISH GUIANA. By LAURENCE D. CLEARE, Jr., F.E.S., Biological Division, Department of Science and Agriculture, British Guiana. (PLATES VIII-X.) During the past year (1914) the coconut palms in the city of Georgetown have been rather severely attacked hy the larvae of the Coconut Butterfly, Brassolis sophorae, L. While this pest has apparently been known in the Colony for some time, it received but little attention until about five years ago, when it made its appearance in the Mahaicony district in very large numbers, causing considerable damage. Mr. F. A. Stockdale, then Assistant Director of Agriculture, investigated the attack and View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk reported upon it. From that time until the early part of last year Brassolis was known to most people only by name. In a few months, however, it forced itself upon the attention of the inhabitants, and by June of the same year the result of its ravages was perhaps the most noticeable feature in Georgetown. It was then decided that a census of the coconut palms in the town should be taken and a plan showing the affected areas prepared. The task of preparing this census and plan fell to the writer and it is here proposed to give some description of the work together with notes on the pest. When the work was started there existed no Plant Protection Ordinance in the Colony, though such an ordinance came into force shortly afterwards.
    [Show full text]
  • Wing Pattern Diversity in Brassolini Butterflies (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)
    Wing pattern diversity in Brassolini butterflies (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) Penz, C.M. & Mohammadi, N. Biota Neotrop. 2013, 13(3): 154-180. On line version of this paper is available from: http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n3/en/abstract?article+bn03613032013 A versão on-line completa deste artigo está disponível em: http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n3/pt/abstract?article+bn03613032013 Received/ Recebido em 04/01/2013 - Revised/ Versão reformulada recebida em 08/13/2013 - Accepted/ Publicado em 09/13/2013 ISSN 1676-0603 (on-line) Biota Neotropica is an electronic, peer-reviewed journal edited by the Program BIOTA/FAPESP: The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity. This journal’s aim is to disseminate the results of original research work, associated or not to the program, concerned with characterization, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity within the Neotropical region. Biota Neotropica é uma revista do Programa BIOTA/FAPESP - O Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade, que publica resultados de pesquisa original, vinculada ou não ao programa, que abordem a temática caracterização, conservação e uso sustentável da biodiversidade na região Neotropical. Biota Neotropica is an eletronic journal which is available free at the following site http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br A Biota Neotropica é uma revista eletrônica e está integral e gratuitamente disponível no endereço http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br Biota Neotrop., vol. 13, no. 3 Wing pattern diversity in Brassolini butterflies (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) Carla Maria Penz1,2 & Neda Mohammadi1 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Dr., New Orleans 70148, USA 2Corresponding author: Carla Maria Penz, email: [email protected] PENZ, C.M.
    [Show full text]
  • Efeitos Do Desfolhamento Provocado Por Brassolis Sophorae Na Produção De Frutos De Coqueiros1
    Efeitos do Desfolhamento Provocado por Brassolis sophorae na Produção de Frutos de Coqueiros1 Paulo Manoel Pontes Lins2, Antonio Agostinho Müller3 e Saul Hernan Risco Briceño4 Introdução O Estado do Pará possui mais de 15 mil hectares plantados com coqueiros e com uma produção estimada, em 2001, de cerca de 106 milhões de frutos, sendo o Município de Moju o de maior área plantada e o de maior produção no Pará (IBGE, 2002). A forma jovem da borboleta Brassolis sophorae L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), conhecida vulgarmente como lagarta das folhas, é desfolhadora de várias espécies de palmáceas, cultivadas e silvestres, dentre as quais o dendezeiro (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) e o coqueiro (Cocos nucifera L.). Este inseto é considerado uma das principais pragas do coqueiro pelos danos econômicos que as suas larvas podem ocasionar, uma vez que provocam o desfolhamento parcial ou total das palmeiras, como conseqüência de maior ou menor nível populacional no palmeiral. Esse desfolhamento, em coqueiros, pode provocar, inclusive, perdas de frutos e suspensão da produção temporariamente. A importância deste inseto como praga de palmeiras no Brasil e em outros países tem sido ressaltada por vários autores, dentre os quais Cleare (1915) e Piza Junior. & Zamith (1944). Na plantação de coqueiros da empresa Socôco S.A. Agroindústrias da Amazônia, com 4.820 hectares plantados com coqueiros híbridos, localizada no Município de Moju, Pará, nas coordenadas geográficas 02º 07’ 00” de latitude sul e 48º de longitude oeste de Greenwich, infestações de B. sophorae ocorrem durante praticamente o ano todo, havendo dois picos populacionais: o primeiro nos meses de fevereiro e março, coincidindo com o período mais chuvoso; e o segundo que ocorre nos meses de agosto e setembro, no período menos chuvoso.
    [Show full text]
  • THE COCOANUT-TREE CATERPILLAR (BRASSOLIS ISTHMIA) of Panamal
    October, '17] DUNN: COCOANUT-TREE CATERPILLAR 473 abundant in the trails, where frequently as many as fifteen or twenty could be found together in the wider places, though the narrow mines seemed to be the work of single individuals. On the chance of the situation proving serious, the case was reported to the State Department of Agriculture and a barrel of infested potatoes was requested by the Station for study. The following quotation is from a letter by the grower of the potatoes: Downloaded from "Have sent you today by express a barrel of the potatoes, as di- rected. In answer to your questions will say: The seed was bought of a farmer about four miles away from this place last year and planted on this farm but not on the same field. Bought them for Gold Coins but they are mixed with other varieties. Had no trouble with them http://jee.oxfordjournals.org/ last year. This acre was between two other kinds neither of which seemed to be affected. The land was in hay four or five years and was broken last spring (1913) for potatoes and used Armour's fertilizer. Was top dressed in 1911 with barn yard manure. There are two other farms near here where potatoes affected in the same way have been found." The maggots lived in this shipment of potatoes for a fortnight or so but no pupre were obtained and by the middle of November none but at University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries on June 8, 2016 dead larvre were found. A specific determination was not possible on the data presented, but Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Land Use on Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Abundance and Diversity in the Tropical Coastal Regions of Guyana and Australia
    ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following work: Sambhu, Hemchandranauth (2018) Effects of land use on butterfly (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) abundance and diversity in the tropical coastal regions of Guyana and Australia. PhD Thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: https://doi.org/10.25903/5bd8e93df512e Copyright © 2018 Hemchandranauth Sambhu The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owners of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please email [email protected] EFFECTS OF LAND USE ON BUTTERFLY (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY IN THE TROPICAL COASTAL REGIONS OF GUYANA AND AUSTRALIA _____________________________________________ By: Hemchandranauth Sambhu B.Sc. (Biology), University of Guyana, Guyana M.Sc. (Res: Plant and Environmental Sciences), University of Warwick, United Kingdom A thesis Prepared for the College of Science and Engineering, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy James Cook University February, 2018 DEDICATION ________________________________________________________ I dedicate this thesis to my wife, Alliea, and to our little girl who is yet to make her first appearance in this world. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ________________________________________________________ I would like to thank the Australian Government through their Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade for graciously offering me a scholarship (Australia Aid Award – AusAid) to study in Australia. From the time of my departure from my home country in 2014, Alex Salvador, Katherine Elliott and other members of the AusAid team have always ensured that the highest quality of care was extended to me as a foreign student in a distant land.
    [Show full text]