DOCSLIB.ORG

Covers an Estimated Sixty Reside on the Island’S North-East Coast, Where Percent of the 289.8 Sq

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Covers an Estimated Sixty Reside on the Island’S North-East Coast, Where Percent of the 289.8 Sq Palms Journal of the International Palm Society Vol. 53(2) Jun. 2009 THE INTERNATIONAL PALM SOCIETY, INC. The International Palm Society Palms (formerly PRINCIPES) Journal of The International Palm Society Founder: Dent Smith An illustrated, peer-reviewed quarterly devoted to The International Palm Society is a nonprofit corporation information about palms and published in March, engaged in the study of palms. The society is inter- June, September and December by The International national in scope with worldwide membership, and the Palm Society, 810 East 10th St., P.O. Box 1897, formation of regional or local chapters affiliated with the Lawrence, Kansas 66044-8897, USA. international society is encouraged. Please address all inquiries regarding membership or information about Editors: John Dransfield, Herbarium, Royal Botanic the society to The International Palm Society Inc., 6913 Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, United Poncha Pass, Austin, TX 78749-4371 USA. e-mail Kingdom, e-mail [email protected], tel. 44- [email protected], fax 512-607-6468. 20-8332-5225, Fax 44-20-8332-5278. Scott Zona, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Florida OFFICERS: International University (OE 167), 11200 SW 8 St., President: Bo-Göran Lundkvist, P.O. Box 2071, Pahoa, Miami, Florida 33199 USA, e-mail [email protected], tel. Hawaii 96778 USA, e-mail 1-305-348-1247, Fax 1-305-348-1986. [email protected], tel. 1-808-965-0081. Associate Editor: Natalie Uhl, 228 Plant Science, Vice-Presidents: John DeMott, 18455 SW 264 St, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 USA, e- Homestead, Florida 33031 USA, e-mail mail [email protected], tel. 1-607-257-0885. [email protected], tel. 1-305-248-5109. Growing Palms Editor: Randal J. Moore, 15615 Tobias W. Spanner, Tizianstrasse 44, 80638 Muenchen, Boulder Ridge Ln., Poway, California 92064 USA, e- Germany, e-mail [email protected], tel. 49-172-630- mail [email protected], tel. 1-858-513-4199. 7778. Supplement Editor: Jim Cain, 12418 Stafford Corresponding Secretary: Horace O. Hobbs, 7310 Springs, Houston, Texas 77077 USA, e-mail Ashburn, Houston, Texas 77061 USA, e-mail [email protected], tel. 1-281-558-6153. [email protected], tel. 1-713-890-1186. Guidelines for authors are available on request from Administrative Secretary: Larry Noblick, the Editors. Montgomery Botanical Center, 11901 Old Cutler Road, Miami, Florida 33156 USA, e-mail Annual membership dues are US$45.00 for [email protected], tel. 1-305-667-3800 Individuals (or US$120 for three years) and include a ex 104. subscription to the Journal. Donor memberships are US$500 per year. Individual Lifetime memberships Treasurer: Michael L. Merritt, PO Box 492463, Keaau, are available for a one-time fee of US$1000. Hawaii 96749, USA, e-mail [email protected], tel. Benefactor memberships require a one-time payment 1-808-966-4825. of US$2500. Subscription price is US$45.00 per year Directors: 2006–2010: Elena Beare, Uruguay; Norman for libraries and institutions. Dues include mailing of Bezona, Hawaii; Faith Bishock, Florida; Paul Craft, the Journal by airlift service to addresses outside the Florida; Larry Davis, Florida; John Dransfield, United USA. Dues may be paid on-line at www.palms.org. Kingdom; Ray Hernandez, Florida; Horace Hobbs, Texas; Change of Address: Send change of address, Christie Jones, Florida; Don Kurth, California; Bo-Göran phone number or e-mail to The International Palm Lundkvist, Hawaii; Gerald Martinez, France; Santiago Society Inc., 6913 Poncha Pass, Austin, TX 78749- Orts, Spain; Jeanne Price, Australia; Fernando Roca, Peru; 4371 USA, or by e-mail to [email protected]. Toby Spanner, Germany. 2008–2012: Lyle Arnold, California; Philip Arrowsmith, Australia; Bill Baker, Texas; Claims for Missing Issues: Claims for issues not Jeff Brusseau, California; Jim Cain, Texas; John DeMott, received in the USA should be made within three Florida; Garrin Fullington, Hawaii; Haresh, India; Tom months of the mailing date; claims for issues outside Jackson, California; Leland Lai, California; Jill Mezel, the USA should be made within six months of the Brazil; Larry Noblick, Florida; Michael L. Merritt, Hawaii; mailing date. John Rees, California; Sue Rowlands, California; Grant Stephensen, Texas; Scott Zona, Florida. Periodical postage paid at Lawrence, KS, USA. Postmaster: Send address changes to The Bookstore: Christie Jones, [email protected] International Palm Society Inc., 6913 Poncha Pass, Austin, TX 78749-4371 USA. Chapters: See listing in the Supplement. PALMS (ISSN 1523-4495) Website: www.palms.org Mailed at Lawrence, Kansas June 16, 2009 © 2009 The International Palm Society FRONT COVER The full text of PALMS is available on EBSCO Jubaea chilensis in its natural habitat. See article by Publishing’s database. Gonzalez et al., p. 68. This publication is printed on acid-free paper. PALMS Vol. 53(2) 2009 CONTENTS Notes on the Uses of Dominica’s Features 61 Native Palms A. JAMES News from the World of Palms 56 Ecology and Management of the Growing Palms 57 68 Chilean Palm (Jubaea chilensis): History, Current Situation and Classifieds 91 Perspectives Announcement 102 L.A. GONZALEZ, R.O. BUSTAMANTE, R.M. NAVARRO C. & M. TORAL IBAÑEZ Advertisements 103 Preliminary Observations and 75 Analyses of Pollination in Coccothrinax argentata: Do Insects Play a Role? R. KHORSAND ROSA & S. KOPTUR The Palms of Buton, Indonesia, 84 an Island in Wallacea A. POWLING The 2010 IPS Biennial: Brazil 92 J. DEMOTT Trachycarpus takil – Lost and 96 Found, for Now M. GIBBONS & T.W. SPANNER BACK COVER Mauritiella armata, one of the Trachycarpus takil, pictured in its natural habitat. See article by palms Biennial attendees can Gibbons and Spanner, p. 96. expect to see in Brazil. See article by J. DeMott, p. 92. Photo by John DeMott. 55 PALMS Vol. 53(2) 2009 NEWS FROM THE WORLD OF PALMS Caracas, Venezuela, is seeing yet another economics and floristics. For the first time outbreak of the larvae of a butterfly, Brassolis there was a contingent from Russia, with five sophorae (Nymphalidae). The caterpillars of this staff members of Moscow University and the species are large, up to 10 cm long, and forage Moscow Botanic Gardens. In one particularly gregariously at dawn and dusk, feeding on a important and interesting session, progress in large number of palm species, both native and the development of the Palmweb website was exotic. The palm most often attacked in presented and discussed. This website, Caracas is the native Roystonea oleracea, and supported by funding from the European March and October are the months when the Union, aims to disseminate critically compiled damage is most severe. The areas hardest hit taxonomic information on the web. Ultimately in the city include Chuao, La Trinidad and Las it should be the most reliable first port of call Mercedes, along with Parque del Este, home to for palm-related taxonomic enquiries on the more than 1000 Roystonea oleracea palms. This world wide web (www.palmweb.org). The site pest is harmless to humans, but the voracious uses the online World Checklist of Palms as its larvae can have a devastating effect on palms, nomenclatural base, to which are added defoliating even large palms over the course of protologues (first descriptions) and further a few nights. Brassolis sophorae has become a taxonomic information and maps. Currently recognized pest of coconut and African oil the site is still very much under development, palm plantations in the region. In Caracas, the but the compilers hope very soon to upload a periodic plagues of caterpillars are thought to large number of critically identified photo- be brought on by a decline in its natural graphs to the site. EUNOPS 10 will be held in enemies, namely yellow-jacket wasps and the Montpellier, coinciding with Palms 2010, an bird Molothrus bonariensis. The cause for the international palm symposium. decline in both of these predators is believed News has just arrived that on May 23rd, The to be the insecticides used to control the International Institute for Species Exploration mosquitoes that spread dengue fever. The at Arizona State University and an inter- situation in Caracas is a lesson in the delicate national committee of taxonomists selected balance between predator and prey, the Tahina spectabilis as one of the top ten new interconnectedness within the natural world species of all organisms to be described during and the tragic, unforeseen consequences of 2008. Readers of Palms will need little widespread pesticide use. persuading that Tahina is a very special palm, On the last weekend in April, the ninth annual but it is wonderful that it is recognized by the meeting of EUNOPS (European Network of international scientific community as one of Palm Scientists) was held in The Royal Botanic the top ten most charismatic new species. Gardens Kew. Attended by 48 people, the Further details can be found at www.species. meeting provided 22 presentations on many asu.edu/Top10. aspects of palms, from structural botany, evolution and classification through to THE EDITORS 56 PALMS Vol. 53(2) 2009 GROWING PALMS Horticultural and practical advice for the enthusiast by Randal J. Moore Water Conservation The increasing shortage of available irrigation water is a serious concern for palm growers in many regions of the world. Severe extended droughts combined with mounting population pressure are creating a long-term water crisis. In response, government agencies are instituting a series of water conservation measures. Voluntary goals for reducing water consumption have been in place in many regions with limited results. As the crisis grows, mandatory water restrictions and tiered-pricing are being implemented. For example, in north San Diego County some water districts are requiring a usage reduction of 20% (based on historical meter readings) and a tiered-pricing structure translating into a cost increase of 40% for large users.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Aiphanes Grandis Borchs
    Palm Conservation – Palm Specialist Group Aiphanes grandis Borchs. & Balslev Status: Endangered (EN) Common name None recorded Natural range Aiphanes grandis is endemic to the western slopes of the Andes mountains in Ecuador, at elevations between 1000 and 2000 m. It occurs in cloud forest in the central and southern parts of the country. Recognition characteristics It is a large, solitary palm tree, with a stem up to 20 m tall and 10–20 cm in diameter. The stem and leaves are fiercely armed with long, black spines. The leaf blade is 200–250 cm long with up to 50 leaflets on each side, briefly jagged at apex, inserted in groups and pointing in different directions. The inflorescence is 1–1.5 m long, with up to 200 spreading branches. Flowers are white to pale yellow and fruits 2–3 cm in diameter, dull green and covered with brown, loosely attached bristles. The combination of jagged leaflets and large size distinguishes the species from all other South American palms. Natural history Little is known about the natural history of the species. The palm heart is edible, and its seeds are sometimes pureed and cooked with crude cane sugar to form a nougat-like paste. Threats to survival The estimated loss of potential habitat for A. grandis, based on habitat modeling, is 62%, most of which has occurred over the last 30–40 years. The west Andean mountain forest in southern and central Ecudor, where A. grandis occurs, harbors a high number of endemic plant species. It is also the home to remnant populations of such conspicuous palm species as Ceroxylon ventricosum and C.
    [Show full text]
  • Approved Plant List 10/04/12
    FLORIDA The best time to plant a tree is 20 years ago, the second best time to plant a tree is today. City of Sunrise Approved Plant List 10/04/12 Appendix A 10/4/12 APPROVED PLANT LIST FOR SINGLE FAMILY HOMES SG xx Slow Growing “xx” = minimum height in Small Mature tree height of less than 20 feet at time of planting feet OH Trees adjacent to overhead power lines Medium Mature tree height of between 21 – 40 feet U Trees within Utility Easements Large Mature tree height greater than 41 N Not acceptable for use as a replacement feet * Native Florida Species Varies Mature tree height depends on variety Mature size information based on Betrock’s Florida Landscape Plants Published 2001 GROUP “A” TREES Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Avocado Persea Americana L Bahama Strongbark Bourreria orata * U, SG 6 S Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum * L Black Olive Shady Bucida buceras ‘Shady Lady’ L Lady Black Olive Bucida buceras L Brazil Beautyleaf Calophyllum brasiliense L Blolly Guapira discolor* M Bridalveil Tree Caesalpinia granadillo M Bulnesia Bulnesia arboria M Cinnecord Acacia choriophylla * U, SG 6 S Group ‘A’ Plant List for Single Family Homes Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Citrus: Lemon, Citrus spp. OH S (except orange, Lime ect. Grapefruit) Citrus: Grapefruit Citrus paradisi M Trees Copperpod Peltophorum pterocarpum L Fiddlewood Citharexylum fruticosum * U, SG 8 S Floss Silk Tree Chorisia speciosa L Golden – Shower Cassia fistula L Green Buttonwood Conocarpus erectus * L Gumbo Limbo Bursera simaruba * L
    [Show full text]
  • A Conservation Framework for the Critically Endangered Endemic Species of the Caribbean Palm Coccothrinax
    A conservation framework for the Critically Endangered endemic species of the Caribbean palm Coccothrinax B RETT J ESTROW,BRÍGIDO P EGUERO,FRANCISCO J IMÉNEZ,RAÚL V ERDECIA L ISBET G ONZÁLEZ-OLIVA,CELIO E. MOYA,WILLIAM C INEA,M.PATRICK G RIFFITH A LAN W. MEEROW,MIKE M AUNDER and J AVIER F RANCISCO-ORTEGA Abstract With threatened species ( categorized as plant exploration initiatives, taxonomic revisions, outreach, Critically Endangered and as Endangered, sensu IUCN), and fundraising. The ultimate aim of this review is to provide Coccothrinax (c. species) is the flagship palm genus for baseline information that will develop conservation synergy conservation in the Caribbean Island Biodiversity Hotspot. among relevant parties working on Coccothrinax conserva- Coccothrinax has its centre of taxonomic diversity in these tion in Cuba, Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Such colla- islands, with c. endemic species. We present a conservation borations could also benefit through partnerships with framework for the Critically Endangered species, found botanists working in other countries. in Cuba, Haiti or the Dominican Republic. Only two species Keywords Antilles, Arecaceae, IUCN, plant biodiversity, (C. jimenezii, C. montana) occur in more than one country red lists, taxonomy, tropical islands (Haiti and the Dominican Republic). Immediate threats include oil drilling and nickel mining, intrusion of saline water into soil, urban and agricultural development, low population recruitment, uncontrolled fires, interspecific hy- Introduction bridization, and unsustainable ethnobotanical practices. Coccothrinax bermudezii, C. borhidiana, C. crinita ssp. crini- alms are an iconic feature of the Caribbean landscape ta, C. leonis and C. spissa are not conserved in protected areas. Pand are associated with strong folk and ethnobotani- Coccothrinax bermudezii, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Acrocomia Media 68
    Acrocomia media O.F. Cook Corozo Palmae Familia de las palmas John K. Francis Acrocomia media O.F. Cook, conocido como corozo en Clima español y como “prickly palm” en inglés, es una palma El corozo crece y se reproduce en los bosques húmedos de atractiva y de tamaño mediano (fig. 1) nativo a las áreas tierras bajas que reciben entre 1000 y 1900 mm de costeras y la base de los cerros en Puerto Rico y St. Thomas, precipitación anual promedio (observación personal del Islas Vírgenes de los Estados Unidos. La fruta y el meollo de autor). Aunque menos común, la especie también ocurre de las semillas son comestibles y tienen un alto contenido de manera natural en las áreas con más de 1900 mm de aceite, pero son rara vez usados. A pesar de su tronco espinoso, precipitación anual promedio. En las áreas con menos de 1000 el corozo se ha vuelto popular como una planta de ornamento mm de precipitación, las palmas de corozo se encuentran para uso en la decoración del paisaje. confinadas al curso de las corrientes de agua, los arroyos intermitentes y los micrositios que reciben aguas de desagüe. HABITAT Suelos y Topografía Area de Distribución Natural y de Naturalización Los hábitats más favorables para la reproducción del corozo que proveen a su vez de una ventaja competitiva en el El corozo es nativo a Puerto Rico y St. Thomas, en las crecimiento son las arenas costeras húmedas. Estas son are- Islas Vírgenes de los Estados Unidos (fig. 2) y ha sido nas y arenas margosas con unos pH de entre 6.5 y 8.5 que se introducido como una especie de ornamento a St.
    [Show full text]
  • Index to Volume 60
    PALM S Index to Vol. 60 Vol. 60(4) 2016 Index to Volume 60 A new species of Attalea from the Bolivian Attalea crassispatha 97, 113 lowlands 161 Attalea eichleri 111 A university palmetum 93 Attalea exigua 112 Acoelorrhaphe 97 Attalea huebneri 61, 69, 73, 74, 76, 114, Acoelorrhaphe wrightii 25–28, 97 117–119, 123 Acrocomia crispa 97, 113 Attalea insignis 76, 123 Adonidia dransfieldii 15 Attalea macrocarpa 122, 123 Adonidia merrillii 15, 97 Attalea maripa 59, 72, 74, 76 Aiphanes horrida 67, 70, 74, 113 Attalea moorei 58, 59, 62–64, 66–70, 72–74, Aiphanes minima 113 76, 117–121, 123 Aiphanes weberbaueri 72 Attalea osmantha 123 Andriamanantena, A.Z., as co-author 169 Attalea pacensis 162–165, 167 Ali, O.M.M.: The argun palm, Medemia Attalea peruviana 62, 64, 65, 77, 112, 122, argun , in the eastern Nubian Desert of 123 Sudan 145 Attalea phalerata 63, 68, 69, 73–76, 114, Allagoptera 111 117–120, 123, 162, 163, 165, 167 Areca 18 Attalea plowmanii 58, 62–64, 76, 110, 117, Areca catechu 3, 19 123 Arenga 17 Attalea polysticha 64, 65, 76, 112, 116 Arenga caudata 43 Attalea princeps 59, 71, 73, 76, 77, 118, 123, Arenga hookeriana 43 161, 162, 165, 167 Arenga pinnata 97 Attalea racemosa 62, 76 Arenga undulatifolia 97 Attalea rostrata 123 Aspects and causes of earlier and current Attalea salazarii 58, 61, 62 spread of Trachycarpus fortunei in the Attalea septuagenata 76 forests of southern Ticino and northern Attalea speciosa 76 Lago Maggiore (Switzerland, Italy) 125 Attalea tessmannii 59, 62, 64, 76, 113, 121, Astrocaryum 39, 113, 114 122 Astrocaryum carnosum 70 Attalea weberbaueri 59, 66, 67, 72, 73, 77, Astrocaryum faranae 70, 72 111, 112, 114, 119, 121, 123 Astrocaryum gratum 76 Attalea : Insights into the diversity and Astrocaryum huicungo 69 phylogeny of an intriguing genus 109 Astrocaryum perangustatum 72 Bactris 39 Astrocaryum ulei 74 Bactris gasipaes 39 Attalea 9, 11, 12, 18, 21, 39, 57–59, 63, 64, Bactris hirta 74 66, 69, 72, 74, 76, 77, 109–116, 121, Baker, W.J., W.L.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Study on Latanye Broom Industry
    DEVELOPMENT OF THE LATANYÉ BROOM INDUSTRY IN SAINT LUCIA (WEST INDIES) Contributing Authors- Donatian Gustave, Lyndon John, Michael Andrew, Brent Charles, Margaret Severin, Monica Hyacinth, Lench Fevrier, Julius James, Anita James, Cornelius Isaac and Rebecca Rock. October 19 2006 1 Background Latanyé (Coccothrinax barbadensis) is a palm native to Saint Lucia. Its leaves are used to make craft and brooms. Latanyé is generally distributed throughout the Windward and Leeward Islands, including Trinidad and Tobago. Latanyé’s natural habitat ranges from “littoral and scrub woodlands near the coast, from sea level to 200 metres elevation”. (L. John 2001). The morphology of the leaves makes the plant resistant to strong wind currents. As it can grow on marginal soils, and appears to be tolerant against pests and diseases, Latanyé may be considered as an ideal plant for soil conservation works to reduce the rate of land degradation in St. Lucia. Figure 1 Photo of a Latanyé Plant Traditional Harvest of Latanyé Leaves In an ideal sustainable harvesting system, the older or mature Latanyé leaves are harvested and that the remainder of the plant regenerates and produces new leaves. 5 to 7 Latanyé leaves and a sturdy broom handle are used to make large brooms. (L. John 2001). Figure 2 illustrates how brooms are made. Figure 2 Phases in the production of a Latanyé Broom 1. Harvesting 2. Drying of Leaves 3. Preparation of Leaves 4) Tying leaves 5. Latanyé Broom (3- 5 days) Lyndon John (2001) described the broom industry in a socio economic context in 2001. The study revealed that Latanyé wild stocks were harvested “year round” to maintain livelihoods of rural people because of the available market and high demand for leaves for making brooms.
    [Show full text]
  • Thrinax Radiata Family: Arecaceae Florida Thatch Palm, Jamaican Thatch, Thatch Palm, Chit
    Stephen H. Brown, Horticulture Agent Donna Cressman, Master Gardener Lee County Extension, Fort Myers, Florida (239) 533-7513 [email protected] http://lee.ifas.ufl.edu/hort/GardenHome.shtml Thrinax radiata Family: Arecaceae Florida thatch palm, Jamaican thatch, thatch palm, chit Florida Thatch Palm Synonyms (Discarded names): Cocothrinax martii, C. radiate, Thrinax floridana, T. martii, T. multiflora; T. wendlandiana Origin: Extreme southern mainland coast of Florida, Florida Keys, Bahamas, western Cuba, Cayman Islands, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Yucatan Peninsula, Honduras, Nicaragua U.S.D.A. Zone: 10A-12B (28°F leaf damage) Growth Rate: Slow Typical Height: 20’ Habit: Solitary; canopy of 12-20 leaves Crownshaft: None Leaf: Palmate, induplicate, circular, slightly folded; divided about halfway into segments that are split at the tips; pointed hastula Leaf Size: 4-5’ wide; segments 2.5’ long, 2” wide Salt Tolerance: High Drought Tolerance: High Wind Tolerance: High Light Requirements: Moderate, high Soil: Widely adaptable Nutritional Requirements: Low Potential Insect Pests: Aphids; scales Propagation: Seeds Human hazards: None Uses: Small gardens; containers; outdoors patios; roadways; parking lots; seasides; specimen Left: The infructescence (fruited stems) hang in a circle around the trunk, sometimes extending beyond the leaf. Natural Geographic Distribution The Florida Thatch Palm, Thrinax radiata, is indigenous to the extreme southern mainland coast of Florida, the Florida Keys, Bahamas, western Cuba, The Cayman Islands, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Honduras, Nicaragua, and the eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico and Belize. In na- ture, this palm almost always grows within the range of salt-laden winds near coastal areas. It grows naturally in sandy or calcareous soils.
    [Show full text]
  • Aves: Cuculidae)
    Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Parag. Vol. 19, nº 2 (Dic. 2015): 58-61100-100 OBSERVATIONS OF NOVEL FEEDING TACTICS IN GUIRA CUCKOO GUIRA GUIRA (AVES: CUCULIDAE) P. Smith1,2 1Fauna Paraguay, Encarnación, Itapúa, Paraguay. www.faunaparaguay.com. E-mail: [email protected] 2Para La Tierra, Reserva Natural Laguna Blanca, San Pedro, Paraguay. Abstract.- Two unusual feeding observations by Guira Cuckoo Guira guira (Cuculidae) are reported. The birds were seen to raid the closed nests of the butterfly Brassolis sophorae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), and also to take cicadas (Auchenorrhyncha) that had become trapped in a mist-net. Key words: Auchenorrhyncha, Brassolis sophorae, foraging, Nymphalidae, Paraguay. Resumen.- Se reportan dos observaciones de comportamiento de forrajeo poco usual para la Piririta Guira guira (Cu- culidae). Las aves fueron observados saqueando los nidos cerrados de la mariposa Brassolis sophorae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), y tambien a depredar chicharras (Auchenorrhyncha) que habían quedado atrapados en redes de niebla. Palabras clave: Auchenorrhyncha, Brassolis sophorae, forrageo, Nymphalidae, Paraguay. The Guira Cuckoo Guira guira (Gmelin, 1798) valho et al., 1998). The social larvae (Fig. 1) is a widespread socially-breeding cuculid feed nocturnally on palms (Arecaceae) and are (Macedo, 1992, 1994; Macedo & Bianchi, 1997) considered agricultural pests because of their found throughout eastern South America from tendency to completely defoliate the plants upon northeastern Brazil to south-central Argentina which they feed (Cleare, 1915; Rai, 1971). The (Payne, 2005). In Paraguay it is a common and larvae take refuge by day in large communal familiar species, occurring in open areas in silk nests, interwoven within the palm leaves small, noisy flocks of 6 to 8, or exceptionally (Marassá, 1985), and mark their trail with a silk up to 20 birds (Payne, 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • Nymphalidae, Brassolinae) from Panama, with Remarks on Larval Food Plants for the Subfamily
    Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 5,3 (4), 1999, 142- 152 EARLY STAGES OF CALICO ILLIONEUS AND C. lDOMENEUS (NYMPHALIDAE, BRASSOLINAE) FROM PANAMA, WITH REMARKS ON LARVAL FOOD PLANTS FOR THE SUBFAMILY. CARLA M. PENZ Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Milwaukee Public Museum, 800 West Wells Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA , and Curso de P6s-Gradua9ao em Biocicncias, Pontiffcia Universidade Cat61ica do Rio Grande do SuI, Av. Ipiranga 6681, FOlto Alegre, RS 90619-900, BRAZIL ANNETTE AIELLO Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apdo. 2072, Balboa, Ancon, HEPUBLIC OF PANAMA AND ROBERT B. SRYGLEY Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apdo. 2072, Balboa, Ancon, REPUBLIC OF PANAMA, and Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX13PS, ENGLAND ABSTRACT, Here we describe the complete life cycle of Galigo illioneus oberon Butler and the mature larva and pupa of C. idomeneus (L.). The mature larva and pupa of each species are illustrated. We also provide a compilation of host records for members of the Brassolinae and briefly address the interaction between these butterflies and their larval food plants, Additional key words: Central America, host records, monocotyledonous plants, larval food plants. The nymphalid subfamily Brassolinae includes METHODS Neotropical species of large body size and crepuscular habits, both as caterpillars and adults (Harrison 1963, Between 25 May and .31 December, 1994 we Casagrande 1979, DeVries 1987, Slygley 1994). Larvae searched for ovipositing female butterflies along generally consume large quantities of plant material to Pipeline Road, Soberania National Park, Panama, mo­ reach maturity, a behavior that may be related as much tivated by a study on Caligo mating behavior (Srygley to the low nutrient content of their larval food plants & Penz 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Species Delimitation and Hybrid Identification of Acrocomia Aculeata
    Species delimitation and hybrid identification of Acrocomia aculeata and A. totai by genetic population approach Brenda D´ıaz1, Maria Zucchi2, Alessandro Alves-Pereira1, Joaquim Azevedo-Filho2, Mariana Sanit´a2, and Carlos Colombo2 1State University of Campinas 2Instituto Agronomico October 9, 2020 Abstract To the Neotropical genus Acrocomia (Arecaceae) is attributed eight species with a wide distribution in America. A. aculeata and A. totai are the most important species because of their high economic potential for oil production. However, there is no consensus in their classification as different taxons and their distinctiveness is particularly challenging due to morphological similarities with large plasticity of the traits. In addition, there is doubt about the occurrence of interspecific hybrids between both species. In this study, we applied a genetic population approach to assessing the genetic boundaries, diversity and to identify interspecific hybrids of A. aculeata and A. totai. Thirteen loci of simple sequence repeat (SSR) were employed to analyze twelve populations representing a wide distribution of species, from Minas Gerais, Brazil to Formosa, Argentina. Based on the Bayesian analysis (STRUCTURE and NewHybrids) and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC), our study supports the recognition of A. aculeata and A. totai as two species and the estimates of genetic parameters revealed more genetic diversity in A. totai (HE=0.551) than in A. aculeata (HE=0.466). We obtained evidence of hybridization between the species and that admixed individuals were assigned as F2 hybrids. In conclusion, this study showed the usefulness of microsatellite markers to elucidate the genetic boundaries of A. aculeata and A. totai, supporting their classification as different species and increase our knowledge about genetic diversity at the level of populations and species.
    [Show full text]
  • Red Ring Disease of Coconut Palms Is Caused by the Red Ring Nematode (Bursaphelenchus Cocophilus), Though This Nematode May Also Be Known As the Coconut Palm Nematode
    1 Red ring disease of coconut palms is caused by the red ring nematode (Bursaphelenchus cocophilus), though this nematode may also be known as the coconut palm nematode. This disease was first described on coconut palms in 1905 in Trinidad and the association between the disease and the nematode was reported in 1919. The vector of the nematode is the South American palm weevil (Rhynchophorus palmarum), both adults and larvae. The nematode parasitizes the weevil which then transmits the nematode as it moves from tree to tree. Though the weevil may visit many different tree species, the nematode only infects members of the Palmae family. The nematode and South American palm weevil have not yet been observed in Florida. 2 Information Sources: Brammer, A.S. and Crow, W.T. 2001. Red Ring Nematode, Bursaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb) Baujard (Nematoda: Secernentea: Tylenchida: Aphelenchina: Aphelenchoidea: Bursaphelechina) formerly Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus. University of Florida, IFAS Extension. EENY236. Accessed 11-27-13 http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in392 Griffith, R. 1987. “Red Ring Disease of Coconut Palm”. The American Pathological Society Plant Disease, Volume 71, February, 193-196. accessed 12/5/2013- http://www.apsnet.org/publications/plantdisease/ba ckissues/Documents/1987Articles/PlantDisease71n02_193.PDF Griffith, R., R. M. Giblin-Davis, P. K. Koshy, and V. K. Sosamma. 2005. Nematode parasites of coconut and other palms. M. Luc, R. A. Sikora, and J. Bridges (eds.) In Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture. C.A.B. International, Oxon, UK. Pp. 493-527. 2 The host trees susceptible to the red ring nematode are usually found in the family Palmae.
    [Show full text]
  • Palmas Nativas De Colombia, Ecuador, Perú Y Bolivia Palmas Nativas De Colombia, Ecuador, Perú Y Bolivia (M) T
    Palmas nativas de Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Bolivia Palmas nativas de Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Bolivia Especies nativas Especies endémicas Zonas biogeográficas Categorías de uso terrenario ve rú rú xico Colombia Ecuador Pe Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Pe Bolivia y Orinoquia Amazonía Region caribeña S y SE de Amazonía Periferia Pacífica Costa Andes Alimentación animal Alimentación humana Ambiental Combustible Construcción Cultural Medicinal y Tó Utensilios y herramientas usos Otros Alt. (m) NOMBRE CIENTÍFICO Número total de especies 250 143 149 88 49 13 24 7 165 31 27 122 137 65 159 69 36 177 135 83 2 147 84 Mín. Máx. 1 Acrocomia aculeata Lodd. ex Mart. 0 1300 2 Acrocomia totai Mart. 200 450 3 Aiphanes acaulis Galeano & R. Bernal 90 700 4 Aiphanes bicornis Cerón & R. Bernal 200 760 5 Aiphanes buenaventurae R. Bernal & Borchs. 0 255 6 Aiphanes chiribogensis Borchs. & Balslev 300 2000 7 Aiphanes concinna H.E. Moore 1900 3000 8 Aiphanes deltoidea Burret 100 1650 9 Aiphanes duquei Burret 1900 2600 10 Aiphanes eggersii Burret 0 700 11 Aiphanes erinacea (H. Karst.) H. Wendl. 700 2100 12 Aiphanes gelatinosa H.E. Moore 1200 1200 13 Aiphanes graminifolia Galeano & R. Bernal 1700 1700 14 Aiphanes grandis Borchs. & Balslev 1100 2700 15 Aiphanes hirsuta Burret 100 2200 16 Aiphanes horrida (Jacq.) Burret 180 2000 17 Aiphanes killipii (Burret) Burret 800 1500 18 Aiphanes leiostachys Burret 850 1100 19 Aiphanes lindeniana H. Wendl. 1700 2200 20 Aiphanes linearis Burret 1800 2600 21 Aiphanes macroloba Burret 100 1400 271 272 Especies nativas Especies endémicas Zonas biogeográficas Categorías de uso terrenario ve rú rú xico Pe Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Pe Bolivia S y SE de Amazonía Periferia Pacífica Costa Andes Alimentación animal Alimentación humana Ambiental Combustible Construcción Cultural Medicinal y Tó Utensilios y herramientas usos Otros Colombia Ecuador y Orinoquia Amazonía Region caribeña Alt.
    [Show full text]