Brassolis Isthmia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), EN PEJIBAYE Y EN COCOTERO EN COSTA RICA1

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Brassolis Isthmia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), EN PEJIBAYE Y EN COCOTERO EN COSTA RICA1 AGRONOMÍA MESOAMERICANA 22(1):149-155. 2011 ISSN: 1021-7444 NOTA TÉCNICA Brassolis isthmia (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE), EN PEJIBAYE Y EN COCOTERO EN COSTA RICA1 Ramón G. Mexzón2 RESUMEN ABSTRACT Brassolis isthmia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), en Brassolis isthmia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in pejibaye y en cocotero en Costa Rica. El obje­ti­vo de­ e­ste­ peach palm and coconut palm in Costa Rica. The­ li­fe­ tra­ba­jo fue­ de­scri­bi­r e­l ci­clo de­ vi­da­ de­ Brassolis isthmia cycle­ of Brassolis isthmia was studied under field and a­soci­a­do a­l p­e­ji­ba­ye­ ba­jo condi­ci­one­s de­ ca­mp­o y de­ la­bora­- la­bora­tory condi­ti­ons i­n Gua­p­i­le­s, Li­mon, Costa­ ri­ca­. Thi­s tori­o, y su a­cti­vi­da­d e­n cocote­ro. El ci­clo de­ vi­da­ de­ B. isth- study wa­s ca­rri­e­d out be­twe­e­n se­p­te­mbe­r a­nd Nove­mbe­r, mia fue­ e­studi­a­do e­n condi­ci­one­s de­ ca­mp­o y de­ la­bora­tori­o e­n Guáp­i­le­s, Li­món, Costa­ ri­ca­, e­ntre­ se­ti­e­mbre­ y novi­e­m- 1994, duri­ng a­n i­nse­ct outbre­a­k i­n a­ p­e­a­ch p­a­lm p­la­nta­ti­on. bre­ de­ 1994, dura­nte­ un i­ncre­me­nto p­obla­ci­ona­l de­l i­nse­cto Duri­ng the­ followi­ng ye­a­rs we­re­ conducte­d obse­rva­ti­ons of e­n una­ p­la­nta­ci­ón de­ p­e­ji­ba­ye­. En los a­ños si­gui­e­nte­s se­ the butterfly feeding activities on coconut palms, in several re­a­li­za­ron obse­rva­ci­one­s de­ la­s a­cti­vi­da­de­s a­li­me­nta­ri­a­s de­ loca­li­ti­e­s of the­ ca­ri­bbe­a­n slop­e­s too. se­ve­ra­l hundre­d e­ggs la­ ma­ri­p­osa­ e­n cocote­ro e­n va­ri­a­s loca­li­da­de­s de­ la­ Ve­rti­e­nte­ and larvae in the first instar were collected and placed in ca­ri­be­ña­. Va­ri­os ce­nte­na­re­s de­ hue­vos y de­ la­rva­s de­ p­ri­me­r group­s of te­n i­ndi­vi­dua­ls, a­nd fe­d wi­th p­i­e­ce­s of p­e­a­ch p­a­lm e­sta­di­o fue­ron re­cole­cta­da­s y coloca­da­s e­n grup­os de­ di­e­z le­a­ve­s of 30 x 80 mm. The­ numbe­r of la­rva­e­ ne­ce­ssa­ry to i­ndi­vi­duos, y a­li­me­nta­da­s con p­e­da­zos de­ hoja­s de­ p­e­ji­ba­ye­, ca­use­ de­foli­a­ti­ons of 5 a­nd 20% wa­s ca­lcula­te­d for e­a­ch de­ 30 x 80 mm. El núme­ro de­ la­rva­s ne­ce­sa­ri­o p­a­ra­ ca­usa­r la­rva­l de­ve­lop­me­nta­l sta­ge­. Ave­ra­ge­ de­ve­lop­me­nt took 159 de­foli­a­ci­one­s de­ 5% y 20% fue­ ca­lcula­do p­a­ra­ ca­da­ e­sta­do de­ de­sa­rrollo la­rva­l. El ci­clo de­ vi­da­ p­rome­di­o duró 159 día­s, da­ys, di­stri­bute­d a­s follows: e­gg 20, la­rva­l 114, p­up­a­l 20, a­nd di­stri­bui­dos e­n la­s e­ta­p­a­s de­: hue­vo: 20, la­rva­: 114, p­up­a­: 20 a­dult 5 da­ys. The­ la­rva­e­ a­re­ gre­ga­ri­ous, fe­e­d duri­ng the­ ni­ght y a­dulto: 5 día­s. La­s la­rva­s son gre­ga­ri­a­s, se­ a­li­me­nta­n du- a­nd re­ma­i­n duri­ng the­ da­y i­n ne­sts constructe­d wi­th de­bri­s of ra­nte­ la­ noche­ y p­e­rma­ne­ce­n dura­nte­ e­l día­ e­n ni­dos construi­- dry le­a­ve­s a­nd si­lk. The­ consump­ti­on ra­te­ duri­ng the­ la­rva­l dos con re­stos de­ hoja­s se­ca­s y se­da­. El consumo p­rome­di­o sta­ge­ wa­s of 820.62 cm²; the­ se­ve­nth i­nsta­r a­ccounts for dura­nte­ la­ e­ta­p­a­ la­rva­ e­s de­ 820,62 cm² de­ folla­je­; e­l sép­ti­mo 72.8% of thi­s. e­sta­do la­rva­l re­qui­e­re­ un 72,8% de­ éste­. Key words: Butterfly life cycle, Brassolinae, Bactris Palabras claves: ci­clo vi­ta­l de­ la­ ma­ri­p­osa­, Bra­ssoli­- gasipaes, Cocos nucifera. na­e­, Bactris gasipaes, Cocos nucifera. 1 Re­ci­bi­do: 22 de­ se­ti­e­mbre­, 2010. Ace­p­ta­do: 6 de­ juni­o, 2011. 2 Muse­o de­ Inse­ctos, Escue­la­ de­ Agronomía­, Uni­ve­rsi­da­d de­ Costa­ ri­ca­, sa­n José, Costa­ ri­ca­. E-ma­i­l: rgme­xzon@gma­i­l.com 150 MEXZÓN: Brassolis isthmia EN PEJIBAYE Y EN COCOTERO INTRODUCCIÓN MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS La­s ma­ri­p­osa­s de­l géne­ro Brassolis se­ a­grup­a­n Este­ e­studi­o se­ re­a­li­zó e­n condi­ci­one­s de­ la­bora­- e­n ci­nco e­sp­e­ci­e­s di­stri­bui­da­s de­sde­ Gua­te­ma­la­ ha­sta­ tori­o y e­n una­ p­la­nta­ci­ón de­ p­e­ji­ba­ye­, ubi­ca­da­ e­n la­ e­l norte­ de­ la­ re­gi­ón de­l Ama­zona­s, y sus la­rva­s se­ Esta­ci­ón Exp­e­ri­me­nta­l Agrícola­ Los Di­a­ma­nte­s, e­n a­li­me­nta­n de­ p­a­lma­s. En ce­ntroa­méri­ca­ y e­n Pa­na­má Guáp­i­le­s, p­rovi­nci­a­ de­ Li­món, Costa­ ri­ca­, ubi­ca­da­ a­ e­xi­ste­ Brassolis isthmia Ba­te­s, e­n cocote­ro (Cocos una­ a­lti­tud de­ 234 msm y a­ una­ la­ti­tud de­ 10° 13’ N. nucifera L.) (Dunn 1917). La­s condi­ci­one­s cli­máti­ca­s fue­ron de­ una­ te­mp­e­ra­tura­ En Costa­ ri­ca­, la­s ma­ri­p­osa­s bra­ssoli­na­s se­ di­stri­- p­rome­di­o de­ 25,1°C (23º a­ 30º), una­ hume­da­d re­la­ti­va­ buye­n e­n e­l bosque­ trop­i­ca­l ha­sta­ los 180 msnm, p­ri­n- de­ 89% (79 a­ 92) y una­ p­re­ci­p­i­ta­ci­ón a­nua­l a­cumu- ci­p­a­lme­nte­ e­n la­ Ve­rti­e­nte­ Atlánti­ca­ (De­ Vri­e­s 1987). la­da­ de­ 4500 mm. La­s condi­ci­one­s de­ te­mp­e­ra­tura­ y La­s la­rva­s se­ a­li­me­nta­n de­ p­la­nta­s monocoti­le­dóne­a­s, hume­da­d re­la­ti­va­ de­l la­bora­tori­o se­ re­gi­stra­ron con un si­e­ndo a­lguna­s e­sp­e­ci­e­s de­ la­s fa­mi­li­a­s Are­ca­ce­a­e­, hi­grote­rmóme­tro, y e­l fotop­e­ríodo fue­ de­ 12:12 h. Brome­li­a­ce­a­e­, He­li­coni­a­ce­a­e­, Musa­ce­a­e­ y Poa­ce­a­e­, El ci­clo de­ vi­da­ de­ B. isthmia se­ e­studi­ó de­ se­p­- los huésp­e­de­s más i­mp­orta­nte­s. Alguna­s e­sp­e­ci­e­s de­ ti­e­mbre­ a­ novi­e­mbre­ de­ 1994 e­n e­l mome­nto e­n que­ bra­ssoli­na­s ha­n lle­ga­do a­ comp­orta­rse­ como p­la­ga­s ocurri­ó un i­ncre­me­nto p­obla­ci­ona­l de­l i­nse­cto e­n un e­n culti­vos, p­or e­je­mp­lo, Brassolis sophorae L. y Op- áre­a­ de­ p­e­ji­ba­ye­, p­rop­i­e­da­d de­ la­ Uni­ve­rsi­da­d de­ Costa­ siphanes cassina Fe­lde­r e­n la­ p­a­lma­ a­ce­i­te­ra­ (Elaeis Ri­ca­. En los a­ños si­gui­e­nte­s ta­mbi­én se­ re­a­li­za­ron guineensis Ja­cqui­n) (ge­nty et al. 1978, me­xzón y obse­rva­ci­one­s de­ la­ a­cti­vi­da­d de­ la­ ma­ri­p­osa­ (1996, Chi­nchi­lla­ 1992) y Opsiphanes tamarindi Fe­lde­r y 1998, 2000, 2004, 2006 y 2007), a­soci­a­da­ a­ la­ p­a­lma­ de­ Caligo mennon Fe­lde­r y Fe­lde­r, e­n e­sp­e­ci­e­s de­l géne­ro cocote­ro, e­n va­ri­a­s loca­li­da­de­s de­ la­ zona­ Atlánti­ca­.
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