Puzzle Patents 07/08/2007 04:31 PM
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Kurze Geschichte Des Würfels (Unknown Author)
Kurze Geschichte des Würfels (unknown author) ........................................................................................ 1 Erno Rubik .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Die Herstellung des Original-Rubik-Würfels in Ungarn ................................................................ 3 Die Rubik-Würfel-Weltmeisterschaft ............................................................................................... 6 A Rubik's Cube Chronology (Mark Longridge) .............................................................................................. 8 From five thousand to fifteen millions ....................................................................................................... 11 Toy-BUSINESS KONSUMEX .......................................................................................................................... 14 HISTORY (Nagy Olivér) ................................................................................................................................ 15 Kurze Geschichte des Würfels (unknown author) Jede Erfindung hat ein offizielles Geburtsdatum. Das Geburtsdatum des Würfels ist 1974, das Jahr, in dem der erste funktionsfähige Prototyp entstand und die erste Patentanmeldung entworfen wurde. Der Geburtsort war Budapest, die Hauptstadt Ungarns. Der Name des Erfinders ist inzwischen überall bekannt. Damals war Erno Rubik ein Dozent an der Fakultät für Innenarchitektur an der Akademie -
How to Solve the Rubik's Cube 03/11/2007 05:07 PM
How to Solve the Rubik's Cube 03/11/2007 05:07 PM Rubik's Revolution Rubik's Cubes & Puzzles Rubik Cube Boston's Wig Store Everything you wanted to know Rubiks Cube 4x4, Keychain & Huge selection of Rubik Cube Great selection & service Serving about the all new electronic Twist In Stock Now-Free Shipping items. the Boston area Rubik’s cube Over $75 eBay.com www.mayswigs.com www.rubiksrevolution.com AwesomeAvenue.biz Ads by Goooooogle Advertise on this site How to Solve the Rubik's Cube This page is featured under Recreation:Games:Puzzles:Rubik's Cube:Solutions in Yahoo! My Home Page | My Blog | My NHL Shootout Stats 2006-2007 There are three translations of this page: Danish (Dansk) (Word Document), Japanese (日本語) (HTML) and Portuguese (Português) (HTML). If you want to translate this page, go ahead. Send me an email when you are done and I will add your translation to this list. So you have a Rubik's Cube, and you've played with it and stared at it and taken it apart...need I go on any further? The following are two complete, fool-proof solutions to solving the cube from absolutely any legal position. Credit goes not to me, but to David Singmaster, who wrote a book in 1980, Notes on Rubik's Magic Cube, which explains pretty much all of what you need to know, plus more. Singmaster wrote about all of these moves except the move for Step 2, which I discovered independently (along with many other people, no doubt). I've updated this page to include a second solution to the cube. -
A Rubik's Cube Chronology
http://cubeman.org/cchrono.txt 02/10/2007 11:35 AM A Rubik's Cube Chronology ------------------------- Researched and maintained by Mark Longridge (c) 1996-2004 Pre-Rubik --------- Feb 2, 1960 William Gustafson files patent for Manipulatable Toy Mar 12, 1963 Gustafson receives US patent 3,081,089 1970 Uwe Meffert invents a model for research of energy flow in different shape solids (pyraminx) Apr 9, 1970 Frank Fox applies for UK patent for spherical 3x3x3 Mar 4, 1970 Larry Nichols files patent for Twizzle (2x2x2 cube) Apr 11, 1972 Nichols receives US patent 3,655,201 Jan 16, 1974 Frank Fox receives UK patent 1,344,259 Post-Rubik ---------- Spring 1974 Erno Rubik gets idea to make the cube Summer 1974 Erno Rubik solves the cube (arguably the first solver) Jan 30, 1975 Rubik applies for patent on cube Oct 12, 1976 Terutoshi Ishige Japanese Patent 55-8192 for 3x3x3 1977 Rubik's Cube starts distribution in Hungary Mar 28, 1977 Erno Rubik receives Hungarian Patent HU00170062 Aug 1978 Bela Szalai first sees cube in Hungary, later manufactures cube in U.S. (Logical Games Inc) Sept 1979 Ideal Toy buys exclusive rights to the cube for one million dollars Jan 4, 1980 Victor Toth wins pioneering cube contest in 55 sec. July 1980 MIT cube lovers group starts up Sept 1980 Omni prints article on cube in Games column Jan 12, 1981 Steven Hanson and Jeffrey Breslow file US Patent for Missing Link March 1981 Scientific American's 1st article on cube March 1981 Uwe Meffert patents the pyraminx Mar 23, 1981 First mention of Rubik's Cube in Time Magazine May 1981 Reader's Digest prints cube story July 30, 1981 Walter Moll receives German patent for Dodecahedron July 31, 1981 Cube contest featuring James G. -
Mini Cube, the 2X2x2 Rubik's Cube 07/04/2007 03:22 PM
Mini Cube, the 2x2x2 Rubik's Cube 07/04/2007 03:22 PM Mini Cube, the 2×2×2 Rubik's Cube http://www.geocities.com/jaapsch/puzzles/cube2.htm Page 1 of 7 Mini Cube, the 2x2x2 Rubik's Cube 07/04/2007 03:22 PM 1. Description 2. The number of positions http://www.geocities.com/jaapsch/puzzles/cube2.htm Page 2 of 7 Mini Cube, the 2x2x2 Rubik's Cube 07/04/2007 03:22 PM 3. JavaScript simulation 4. Notation 5. Solution 1 6. Solution 2 7. Nice patterns Links to other useful pages: Mefferts sells the Mickey Mouse puzzle head, Pyramorphix, 2x2x2 cubes by Eastsheen, and many other puzzles. Rubik sells the original 2x2x2 cubes, Darth Maul and Homer puzzle heads. Denny's Puzzle Pages A very nice graphical solution. Matthew Monroe's Page Although a solution for the 3x3x3 cube, it is corners first, and thus applies to the pocket cube as well. Philip Marshall's page A relatively short solution. A Nerd Paradise has solutions for the various cubes, Pyraminx, Skewb and Square-1. This puzzle is a simpler version of the Rubik's Cube. It goes under various names, such as Mini Cube and Pocket Cube. The puzzle is built from 8 smaller cubes, i.e. a 2×2×2 cube. Each face can rotate, which rearranges the 4 small cubes at that face. The six sides of the puzzle are coloured, so every small cube shows three colours. This puzzle is equivalent to just the corners of the normal Rubik's cube. -
Rubik's Cube Study
Rubik’s Cube Study Hwa Chong Institution (High School) Project Work 2020 - Category 8 (Mathematics) Written Report Group 8-21 1A1 - Alastair Chua Wei Jie (1) - Leader 1P2 - John Pan Zhenda (11) - Member 1P2 - Li Junle Tristen (16) - Member 1 Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 1.1 Rationale 3 1.2 Research Questions 3 2.0 Mechanics 3 2.0.1 Orientation of Colours 4 2.1 Notations 4 2.2 Intended Methodology 5 3.0 Literature Review 5 3.0.1 History of Rubik’s Cube 6 3.1 Background 7 4.0 Findings 8 4.1 Factors Affecting Speedcubing 8 4.2 Discovery of God’s Number 9 4.3 Formation of Algorithms 11 5.0 Conclusions 12 6.0 Possibility of Project Extension 13 7.0 References 13 2 1.0 Introduction The Rubik’s Cube has been a very well-known toy for several years, challenging for most, but a piece of cake for the intelligent few. As of January 2009, 350 million cubes had been sold worldwide, thus widely regarded as the world’s best selling toy. It is a 3D combination puzzle invented in 1974, by Ernö Rubik. 1.1 Rationale The Rubik’s Cube is not only a three-dimensional puzzle to toy with for fun, but also a source of mathematical concepts and calculations. Through this project, we intend to learn more about the mechanics of the Rubik’s Cube, and get more in-depth knowledge about how it works and the mathematics behind it. We also aim to discover more about the different types of cubes, including studying their mechanisms and algorithms. -
The Interpretation of Sustainability Criteria Using Game Theory Models (Sustainable Project Development with Rubik’S Cube Solution)
The Interpretation of Sustainability Criteria using Game Theory Models (Sustainable Project Development with Rubik’s Cube Solution) The Interpretation of Sustainability Criteria using Game Theory Models (Sustainable Project Development with Rubik’s Cube Solution) DR. CSABA FOGARASSY Budapest, 2014 Reviewers: Prof. István Szűcs DSc., Prof. Sándor Molnár PhD. L’Harmattan France 7 rue de l’Ecole Polytechnique 75005 Paris T.: 33.1.40.46.79.20 L’Harmattan Italia SRL Via Bava, 37 10124 Torino–Italia T./F.: 011.817.13.88 © Fogarassy Csaba, 2014 © L’Harmattan Kiadó, 2014 ISBN 978-963-236-789-7 Responsible publiser: Ádám Gyenes L’Harmattan Liberary Párbeszéd könyvesbolt 1053 Budapest, Kossuth L. u. 14–16. 1085 Budapest, Horánszky u. 20. Phone: +36-1-267-5979 www.konyveslap.hu [email protected] www.harmattan.hu Cover: RICHÁRD NAGY – CO&CO Ltd. Printing: Robinco Ltd. Executive director: Péter Kecskeméthy I dedicate this book to the memory of my cousin, IT specialist and physicist Tamás Fogarassy (1968-2013) Table of contents ABSTRACT. 11 1. INTERPRETATION OF SUSTAINABILITY WITH BASIC GAME THEORY MODELS AND RUBIK’S CUBE SYMBOLISM. 14 1.1. SUSTAINABILITY DILEMMAS, AND QUESTIONS OF TOLERANCE. 14 . 14 1.1.2. Ecologic economy versus enviro-economy �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������17 1.1.1. Definition of strong and weak sustainability 1.1.3. Relations between total economic value and sustainable economic value . 17 1.2. THEORY OF NON-COOPERATIVE GAMES . 19 1.2.1. Search for points of equilibrium in non-cooperative games ����������������������������������������������������������20 . 23 ����26 1.2.2. Theoretical correspondences of finite games 1.2.3.1. Games with a single point of equilibrium . -
Rubik's Cube - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia 5/11/11 6:47 PM Rubik's Cube from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Rubik's Cube - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 5/11/11 6:47 PM Rubik's Cube From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Rubik's Cube is a 3-D mechanical puzzle invented in Rubik's Cube 1974[1] by Hungarian sculptor and professor of architecture Ernő Rubik. Originally called the "Magic Cube",[2] the puzzle was licensed by Rubik to be sold by Ideal Toy Corp. in 1980[3] and won the German Game of the Year special award for Best Puzzle that year. As of January 2009, 350 million cubes have sold worldwide[4][5] making it the world's top-selling puzzle game.[6][7] It is widely considered to be the world's best-selling toy.[8] In a classic Rubik's Cube, each of the six faces is covered by nine stickers, among six solid colours (traditionally white, red, blue, orange, green, and yellow).[9] A pivot mechanism enables each face to turn independently, thus mixing up the Other names Magic Cube colours. For the puzzle to be solved, each face must be a Type Puzzle solid colour. Similar puzzles have now been produced with various numbers of stickers, not all of them by Rubik. The Inventor Ernő Rubik original 3×3×3 version celebrated its thirtieth anniversary in Company Ideal Toy Corporation 2010.[10] Country Hungary Availability 1974–present Contents Official website (http://www.rubiks.com/) 1 Conception and development 1.1 Prior attempts 1.2 Rubik's invention 1.3 Patent disputes 2 Mechanics 3 Mathematics 3.1 Permutations 3.2 Centre faces 3.3 Algorithms 4 Solutions 4.1 Move notation 4.2 Optimal solutions 5 Competitions and records 5.1 Speedcubing competitions 5.2 Records 6 Variations 6.1 Custom-built puzzles 6.2 Rubik's Cube software 7 Popular culture 8 See also 9 Notes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubik's_Cube Page 1 of 13 Rubik's Cube - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 5/11/11 6:47 PM 10 References 11 External links Conception and development Prior attempts In March 1970, Larry Nichols invented a 2×2×2 "Puzzle with Pieces Rotatable in Groups" and filed a Canadian patent application for it. -
Platonic Solids and Rubik's Cubes*
Platonic Solids and Rubik's Cubes* Jordan Vosman Melanie Stewart What is a Platonic Solid? A polyhedron that: 1. Is Convex 2. All of its faces are identical regular polygons 3. The same number of faces at each vertex Also, there are only five Platonic Solids Euler’s Formula for Platonic Solids • # Vertices - # Edges + # Faces = 2 • Example: Dodecahdron • 20 Vertices • 30 Edges • 12 Faces 20 – 30 + 12 = 2 Why are there only five Platonic Solids? If each face is a regular triangle then: • There cannot be more than five faces to a vertex, because if there are six or more, the sum of the angles at the vertex would be 360° or higher, resulting in a flat surface or hills and valleys. • This gives us the Tetrahedron (3), Octahedron (4), and Icosahedron (5) If each face is a square: • Four squares meeting at a vertex results in a flat surface, so only three squares meeting at a vertex will work • This gives us the Cube If each face is a regular pentagon: • Similar to the cube, as the maximum number of pentagons meeting at a vertex is three. • This gives us the Dodecahedron For Hexagons: • Only three hexagons can meet at a vertex, but this results in a flat surface. • Thus, there are no Platonic solids with regular n-gonal faces for n ≥ 6. Duality of Platonic Solids Cube: 6 faces and 8 vertices === Octahedron: 8 faces and 6 vertices Dodecahedron: 12 faces and 20 vertices === Icosahedron: 20 faces and 12 vertices Tetrahedron is a dual of itself The Cycle of Platonic Solids Tetrahedron Cube Octahedron Dodecahedron Icosahedron History • Pythagoras knew of the Tetrahedron, Cube, and Dodecahedron (~500 BC). -
Rubiks Unit Teachers Guide.Pdf
Rubik’s Cube Unit Study: Teacher’s Guide Table of Contents Page # Days Introduction 2 Lessons The Man, The Cube, Its Impact 3-4 2-3 Background article (Ernö Rubik) 5-6 Guiding Questions handouts 7-10 Classifying Polygons 11 1 Classifying Polygons answer key 12-13 Classifying 3-dimensional Shapes 14-15 2-3 The Third Dimension answer key 16 Classifying Polyhedrons answer key 17 Writing Rules answer key 18-19 Platonic Solids 20-21 1-2 Testing Net Variations 22 1 Testing Net Variations answer key 23 Mix & Map & Match 24-25 1-2 Templated Nets handouts 26-29 Solving the Rubik’s® Cube 30 5-10 How To Videos 31-32 2-3 Writing Algorithms- Intro to Speed Solving 33-34 2-3 Intro to Speed Solving answer key 35 Writing Inverse Algorithms answer key 36 Writing Mirrored Algorithms answer key 37 Exploring Adv. Speed Solving Algorithms answer key 38 Creating Rubik’s Art 39-40 6-10 Making a 2x2 Rubik’s Cube 41 1 Making a 2x2 Rubik’s Cube answer key 42 Making a 2x2 Solution Guide answer key 43 ©1974 Rubik’s® Used under license Rubik’s Brand Ltd. All rights reserved. www.youcandothecube.com Introduction This unit study is designed for students in grades 5-8. The lessons have been tested in classroom settings as well as during out of school time programming. You do not have to do all of the lessons in the unit, or in the order they are presented. Feel free to choose the activities that are right for your class and rearrange the order based on your students’ preferences. -
Read Ebook \\ Mechanical Toys / 4XGV1KFZXPM0
KC5LEBOZV84C « eBook > Mechanical toys Mech anical toys Filesize: 2.96 MB Reviews Very beneficial to all category of folks. I really could comprehended every little thing out of this created e publication. I found out this book from my dad and i encouraged this ebook to discover. (Maia O'Hara) DISCLAIMER | DMCA M3XMACUOUKBF / Kindle ^ Mechanical toys MECHANICAL TOYS To get Mechanical toys eBook, make sure you follow the web link beneath and save the file or gain access to other information that are highly relevant to MECHANICAL TOYS ebook. Reference Series Books LLC Okt 2012, 2012. Taschenbuch. Book Condition: Neu. 247x190x10 mm. Neuware - Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 78. Chapters: Mechanical puzzles, Soma cube, Tower of Hanoi, Flexagon, Rubik's Cube, Jigsaw puzzle, Peg solitaire, Combination puzzle, Speedcubing, Toy train, Rubik's Revenge, Fieen puzzle, Professor's Cube, Klotski, Square One, V-Cube 6, V-Cube 7, Pyramorphix, Megaminx, Rubik's Magic, Dogic, Cymbal- banging monkey toy, Helicopter Cube, Pyraminx, Rubik's Snake, Impossible bottle, Pocket Cube, Snake cube, Pyraminx Crystal, Happy Cube, Rush Hour, Impossiball, Skewb Ultimate, BrainTwist, Rubik's Clock, Mechanical toy, Sliding puzzle, Disentanglement puzzle, Secret decoder ring, Equilibrium, Rubik's Magic: Master Edition, Sudoku Cube, Rubik's 360, Puzzle jug, Alexander's Star, Minus Cube, Puzzle ring, Wind-up toy, Skewb Diamond, Baguenaudier, Nintendo tumbler puzzle, Burr puzzle, Egg of Columbus, Magnet Space Wheel, Eastsheen, Hoppers, Snapper Puzzle, Puzzle globe, Think-a-Dot, Rubik's Triamid, Puzzle box, Missing Link, Pyramid puzzle, Diabolical cube, Lock puzzle, Moo box, Yoshimoto Cube, Human knot, Fuddling cup, Mechanical bank, Puzzle jewelry, Gridlock, Libelle. -
Educational Challenges of Rubik's Cube
Educational Challenges of Rubik’s Cube Sándor Kiss1 1Rubik Studio, Városmajor 74., Budapest, Hungary, H-1122 March 31, 2015 Abstract The first 2x2x2 twisty cube was created as a demonstration tool by Ernő Rubik in 1974 to help his students understand the complexity of space and the movements in 3D. He fabricated a novel 3x3x3 mechanism where the 26 cubies were turning, and twisting independently, without falling apart. The cube was dressed in sophisticated colors which made it a unique puzzle. Even without instruction is the aim of the game was self- explanatory. Its educational value in VSI (Visual-Spatial Intelligence), developing strategy, memorization and logistics, improve concentration and persistence in problem solving is high in every age group. A logical puzzle has outreach far beyond. Those aspects are briefly covered in this article. 1 Introduction The role of experience in learning has been researched since long. Let us pick up education, mathematics and puzzle. The relations among those 3 factors will or may determine the fate of a puzzle. The relations namely puzzle and education; mathematics and education; mathematics and puzzle; have been showing different behaviors on various puzzle objects. A well balanced mathematical and educational harmony of the puzzle is necessary, but not enough. The puzzle needs brain work and concentration, should give amusement, it should also engage the player and its attractiveness is 1 preferable. In addition the puzzle’s usability as educational tool is substantial value. Whether a new puzzle -
Comparison of Rubikžs Cube Solving Methods Made for Humans
ÜÛÙÎÛÛ ÐÎÑÖÛÝÌô ×Ò ÝÑÓÐËÌÛÎ ÍÝ×ÛÒÝÛ ô Ú×ÎÍÌ ÔÛÊÛÔ ô ݱ³°¿®·±² ±º Ϋ¾·µŽ Ý«¾» ͱ´ª·²¹ Ó»¬¸±¼ Ó¿¼» º±® Ø«³¿² ÜßÒ×ÛÔ ÜËÞÛÎÙô ÖßÕÑÞ Ì×ÜÛÍÌÎJÓ ÕÌØ ÎÑÇßÔ ×ÒÍÌ×ÌËÌÛ ÑÚ ÌÛÝØÒÑÔÑÙÇ ÝÍÝ ÍÝØÑÑÔ Comparison of Rubik’s Cube Solving Methods Made for Humans Daniel Duberg Jakob Tideström Degree Project in Computer Science, DD143X Royal Institute of Technology Supervisor: Vahid Mosavat Examiner: Örjan Ekeberg Stockholm, Sweden 2015 Abstract This study analyzed and compared four different methods of solving a Rubik’s Cube. Those four methods being the method on Rubik’s official website, the CFOP method, the Roux method and the ZZ method. The factors that were considered were the number of moves each method requires for solving a Rubik’s Cube, how many algorithms they require as well as how concrete or intuitive they are. Our conclusion is that the CFOP, Roux, and ZZ method are fairly equivalent when it comes to move span, but CFOP has the lowest average number of moves used to solve a Rubik’s Cube. CFOP has more concrete algorithms and cases while both Roux and ZZ are more intuitive, ZZ uses fewer types of moves than Roux however. The solution on Rubik’s official website does not compare, at its best it uses as many moves as the others do at their worst. It is however concrete and uses few algorithms for each part. Table of contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Problem Definition ................................................................................................................