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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87564-6 - The Young America Movement and the Transformation of the Democratic Party, 1828-1861 Yonatan Eyal Index More information Index 1848, European revolutions of, 14, Allen, William, 13, 84–6, 89, 103, 110, 137 144, 234 beginnings of, 94 on the 1846 rivers and harbors bill, 61 and coinage of the phrase Young as ally of Marcus Morton, 197 America, 6 as Chairman of Senate Foreign and Democratic views on race and Relations Committee, 8 immigration, 162 and Cumberland Road, 44 failure of, 104, 107 and Greenbacks, 85–6 and George Law, 87 instructions from constituents to, 51, and Margaret Fuller, 100 55, 56 related to Cuba movement, 135 and internal improvements funding, related to New Democratic economic 50 outlook, 65, 68 later career of, 8 relevance to the American situation, as lifelong Democrat, 200 102 and monopolies, 77 role in party competition, 67 and Monroe Doctrine, 120 socioeconomic aspects of, 106 as Ohio governor, 7 Young American interest in, 94 and Oregon crisis, 121–7 Abolitionism, 185, 196 pro-French resolution of, 103 and Arthur and Lewis Tappan, 183 views of commerce, 40 and context of northern reform, 145 views of slavery, 192 and John L. O’Sullivan, 75, 198–99 voted out of the Senate, 231 relationship to Democratic Party, as western representative, 124 184 American Anti-Slavery Society, 26, 185 Adams, Charles Francis, Sr., 186, 207 American Colonization Society, 26, 34, Adams, John, 17, 21, 31 190, 192–3 Adams, John Quincy, 18, 23 American System, 18, 23, 71, 176, 218 Agassiz, Louis, 165 American Whig Review, 225 Albany Argus, 189 Anti-Federalists, 21 Albany Regency, 27, 186, 189 Anti-Masonry, 145 Albert, Prince, 168 Arcturus, The, 3 Alien and Sedition Acts, 21, 99 Articles of Confederation, 21 237 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87564-6 - The Young America Movement and the Transformation of the Democratic Party, 1828-1861 Yonatan Eyal Index More information 238 Index Ashburton, Lord, 123 Belmont, August, 36, 38–40, 64, 86, 88, Atchison, David R., 197 138, 139, 143, 144, 164, 169, 234 Auld, Jedediah, 3 as banker, 36, 38, 87 and Cuba, 138 Bagby, Arthur, 50 and currency policy, 86 Bancroft, George, 13, 58, 64, 89–90, 100, Democratic allegiance of, 11, 39, 200, 102, 106, 128, 130, 141–2, 144, 202 153, 181–2, 185, 203, 205–6 and European revolutions of 1848, 111 during Civil War, 200, 234 and free trade, 37, 38, 42, 43 and European revolutions of 1848, generational cohort of, 6 102 as leader of New Democracy, 2, 13, and free trade, 42, 43, 141 16, 36, 38 and the French revolution of 1848, as minister to the Netherlands, 37, 38, 142 110, 112, 114 and Harvard University, 90, 141 as national chairman of the as historian, 89, 90, 109, 143, 185, Democracy, 36, 225 206 and nativism, 163–4 as investor, 89 views of slavery, 193–4 and Mexican War, 82 Bennett, James Gordon, 13, 102, 142 as minister to England, 40, 141, 144 Benton, Thomas Hart, 10, 169, 197 as Navy secretary, 180–1 and electric power, 166 and U.S. Naval Academy, 150–1 and internal improvements, 61 young Democracy, as part of, 16 and railroads, 71, 77 and repeal of the British Corn Laws, and slavery issue, 28 42 Biddle, Nicholas, 29, 79, 81 Bank of the United States, 22–3, 29, Birney, James G., 190 79 Black Warrior incident, 113, 139 Banks, Nathaniel P., 98 Bleeding Kansas, 221, 227, 231, 234 Barksdale, William, 224 Boston Mercantile Association, 5 Barnburner Democrats, 14, 78, 112, 136, Breckinridge, John C., 210, 212 145, 178, 184, 186–90, 199, 202, Breese, Sidney, 13, 46–9, 64, 88 207–8, 213 as ally of Marcus Morton, 197 and antislavery, 184, 186 and Cumberland Road, 44 Dean Richmond as member of, 178 and Illinois Central Railroad, 48 generational tensions within, 187 and internal improvements, 47, 50, 57 Hunker Democrats, compared with, and land grants, 47 14 and Monroe Doctrine, 120 John Dix as member of, 187 and Oregon crisis, 126 John L. O’Sullivan as member of, 186, railroad boosterism of, 47 200 on rivers and harbors bill of 1846, 61 Marcus Morton as member of, 157, turned out of the Senate, 98 164, 197 as western representative, 46 relationship with Hunkers, 189 Bright, Jesse, 167, 179–80, 202, 234 return to the Democracy of, 214, 231 civil service reform proposals of, 179, revolt of, 187, 207–8, 215 182 Samuel J. Tilden and the revolt of, and Compromise of 1850, 219 172 generational cohort of, 6 Bear Flag Republic, 82 and internal improvements, 62 Beecher family, 147 and Monroe Doctrine, 120 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87564-6 - The Young America Movement and the Transformation of the Democratic Party, 1828-1861 Yonatan Eyal Index More information Index 239 as New Democratic leader, 13 as western representative, 124 relationship with Marcus Morton, 197 Catholics, as targets of public animosity, as western representative, 124 68 Brown, Joseph, 91 Causes of New Democratic heterodoxy, Brownson, Orestes, 141, 185 7, 66–9, 73, 125 Bryan, William Jennings, 234 Cazneau, Jane McManus Storm, 14, 130, Buchanan, James, 129, 215 159–61, 182 in campaign of 1852, 39, 213 Channing, William Ellery, 196 and Jane Cazneau, 160 Charles River Bridge case, 196 as minister to England, 93, 112 Chartists, 95 as Old Fogy, 209, 214 Chase, Salmon P., 111, 188, 231 and Ostend Manifesto, 139 Cherokee Indians, 24 on protective tariff, 53 Chicago, 71 relationship with George Bancroft, John Wentworth as mayor of, 72 141 Chicago Daily Tribune, 158, 225 as secretary of state, 112 Civil War, role of in fostering Young and slavery issue, 28 American self-consciousness, 7 on Stephen A. Douglas, 208 Clay, Henry, 69, 82, 177 Buffalo and Rochester Railroad, 88 and American System, 18, 22–3, 71, Butler, Benjamin F., 75, 188, 210 176, 218 as colonizationist, 34, 192 Calhoun, John C., 27, 50, 69, 177, 202, in election of 1844, 127–8 203 as great compromiser, 219 and American System, 23 as National Republican leader, 69 in election of 1844, 203–5 role in Cilley-Graves duel, 155 on French revolution of 1848, 103 as southern Whig, 26, 34 and land grants, 50 Clayton, John, 50 and Monroe Doctrine, 120 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 120, 138 and Oregon crisis, 123–4 Cleveland Daily Plain Dealer, 189–90 role of in Hayne-Webster debates, 25 Clinton, DeWitt, 57 theory of government of, 54 Cobb, Howell, 218 theory of slavery of, 198–9 Colonizationism, 34, 99, 184, 191–4, and Yucatan,´ 134 200 Camden and Amboy Railroad, 84 Colt, Samuel, 168 Capital punishment, John L. O’Sullivan’s Committee on Foreign Relations, Senate, campaign against, 156–7 84, 120, 122, 167, 170 Cass, Lewis, 10, 28, 177, 190, 210, 215 Committee on Military Affairs, Senate, in campaign of 1852, 213 180 in election of 1848, 190, 197 Committee on Naval Affairs, Senate, on European revolutions of 1848, 96, 167 105 Committee on Roads and Canals, Senate, and Monroe Doctrine, 120 167 as Old Fogy, 166 Committee on Territories, Senate, 52 and Oregon crisis, 126 Committee on the Public Lands, Senate, as originator of popular sovereignty 47 doctrine, 194, 195 Compromise of 1850, 195, 214, 219, relationship with George Law, 87 226, 231 on rivers and harbors bill of 1846, Copperhead Democrats, 172, 195 61 Corn Laws, 40–43, 154, 162 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87564-6 - The Young America Movement and the Transformation of the Democratic Party, 1828-1861 Yonatan Eyal Index More information 240 Index Corry, William, 13, 113, 212 and currency policy, 86 and free land movement, 149 and Dean Richmond, 87–8 Corwin, Thomas, 50 defining the New Democracy within, Cotton Whigs, 190 10 Crawford, William H., 23 and Democratic Review, 75 Crystal Palace Exhibition in London, 168 doughfaces within, 27 Cuba, 75, 88, 102, 113, 114, 118, 135–9, East-West tensions within, 58 208, 220 and early attitudes toward slavery, 25 attempted acquisition of, 11, 76, 87, and early labor unions, 30 88, 105, 112, 114, 118, 128, 130, and European revolutions of 1848, 42, 135–9, 144, 217, 219, 232–3 95, 104 and August Belmont, 38 and Franklin Pierce, 205 George William Curtis on, 1 and free land movement, 148–50 Jane Cazneau on, 159 and free soil, 200 and John A. Quitman, 88 and George Bancroft, 90, 141 southern designs on, 220 and George Law, 192 Spanish Africanization policy in, 106, and the grand tour, 142 138 and Hunkers (also see Hunker as Spanish colony, 138 Democrats), 186 Cumberland Road (also see National ideological essence of, 12 Road), 44–5 impact of Young America on, 4, 203, Curtis, George William, 1 227 Cushing, Caleb, 153, 168, 205, 212 importance of immigrants within, 68 influence of local pressures, 53 Dallas, George M., 76 influence of new commercial spirit on and capital punishment, 157 in Europe, 141 and Smithsonian Institution, 150 and internal improvements, 59, 61 Dartmouth College, 72, 195 and James K. Polk, 168 Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 22 and James Shields, 98 Davis, Garrett, 46 and Jane Cazneau, 158–61 Davis, Jefferson, 170, 180 and John L. O’Sullivan, 8 Delaware and Raritan Canal Company, and John Wentworth, 73, 195 84 and Kansas-Nebraska Act, 222 De Leon, Edwin, 5, 110, 200, 212 link with early Republican Party, 13, Democratic Party 227, 233 anticipation of future policies, 174 and Marcus Morton, 196–8 and August Belmont, 38–40 new attitudes toward commercial August Belmont as national chairman growth within, 41 of, 36, 164 and new internationalism of, 59, 79, and Barnburners (also see Barnburner 142, 144 Democrats), 186, 188, 189 northwestern contributions
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