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California Fish and Game “Conservation of Wildlife Through Education” Spring 2015 81 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME “Conservation of Wildlife Through Education” Volume 101 Spring 2015 Number 2 CDFW Photo by Terry Maas Published Quarterly by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife 82 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME Vol. 101, No. 2 STATE OF CALIFORNIA Jerry Brown, Governor CALIFORNIA NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY John Laird, Secretary for Natural Resources FISH AND GAME COMMISSION Jack Baylis, President Jim Kellogg, Vice President Richard B. Rogers, Member Jacque Hostler-Carmesin, Member Michael Sutton, Member Sonke Mastrup, Executive Director DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND WILDLIFE Charlton “Chuck” Bonham, Director CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITORIAL STAFF Vern Bleich ........................................................................................Editor-in-Chief Debra Hamilton ............ Office of Communication, Education and Outreach - AVU Jeff Villepique, Steve Parmenter ........................................... Inland Deserts Region Scott Osborn, Laura Patterson, Joel Trumbo ................................... Wildlife Branch Dave Lentz, Kevin Shaffer ............................................................. Fisheries Branch Peter Kalvass, Nina Kogut .................................................................Marine Region James Harrington .......................................Office of Spill Prevention and Response Cherilyn Burton ...................................................................... Native Plant Program Spring 2015 83 VOLUME 101 SPRING 2015 NUMBER 2 Published Quarterly by STATE OF CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND WILDLIFE ISSN: 0008-1078 (print) ISSN: 2331-0405 (online) --LDA-- 84 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME Vol. 101, No. 2 California Fish and Game California Fish and Game is published quarterly by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. It is a journal devoted to the conservation and understanding of the flora and fauna of California and surrounding areas. If its contents are reproduced elsewhere, the authors and the California Department of Fish and Wildlife would appreciate being acknowledged. Please direct correspondence to: Vernon C. Bleich, Ph.D. Editor-in-Chief California Fish and Game [email protected] Inquiries regarding subscriptions should be directed to the Subscription Manager at 916-322-8911 or by email at [email protected]. Alternate communication format is available upon request. If reasonable accommodation is needed, call 916-322-8911 or the California Relay (Telephone) Service for the deaf or hearing-impaired from TDD phones at 800-735-2929. Spring 2015 85 Contents Notes from the Editor VERNON C. BLEICH .......................................................................................................86 Experimental enhancement of pickleweed, Suisun Bay, California A. KEITH MILES, DIRK H. VAN VUREN, DANIKA C. TSAO, AND JULIE L. YEE ..................87 Observations of the non-native Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in San Diego County, California JEFFREY A. CROOKS, KAI R. CROOKS, AND AIDEN J. CROOKS .........................................101 Effects of loading density during transport on physiological stress and survival of Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta fishes ZACHARY A. SUTPHIN AND CHARLES D. HUETH .............................................................108 Mitochondrial DNA perspectives on the introduction and spread of wild pigs in California RICK A. SWEITZER, BLAKE E. MCCANN, RONALD E. LOGGINS, AND REBECCA B. SIMMONS ..................................................................................................131 A swimming deep-sea peneaoid shrimp photographed off California MARY K. WICKSTEN AND LINDA A. KUHNZ ...................................................................146 Observations of predation and loss among leopard sharks and brown smoothhounds in San Francisco Bay, California RONALD A. RUSSO ........................................................................................................149 Obituary: Kimberly A. Nicol, 1956–2015 ..............................................................158 Book Review: Becoming a compelling communicator for conservation: the essential reference for everyone who desires to make a difference ...............159 Books Received and Available for Review .............................................................161 86 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME Vol. 101, No. 2 California Fish and Game 101(2):86; 2015 Notes from the Editor Wow... it’s not yet the end of May, and the spring issue of California Fish and Game has hit the streets. This issue, 101(2), of the journal has been in the making for nearly a year, but production of the four special issues celebrating the 100th anniversary of the founding of California’s longest-running, continuously published scientific journal took an inordinate amount of time and effort to produce. Fortunately, the Associate Editors, Corresponding Editors, reviewers, and Debra Hamilton, who handles the production and layout of the journal, were able to work both on the special issues as well as papers scheduled to appear in 101(1) and 101(2) simultaneously. Without that ability to multitask, we would be months behind in our publication schedule. Thank you to everyone that has worked so hard over the last 18 months to keep us on track. I am an avid collector of California Fish and Game, and have accumulated individual copies of every issue published to date, with one exception. Although I do have a copy of issue 20(2), it is bound into a former library volume. It has taken >40 years to acquire this collection and, in the process of trying to complete it, I have also accumulated multiple copies of numerous issues. If there are serious collectors among the readership, feel free to let me know of issues that you might need for your collection, and I’ll try to help you out. And, if you happen to have a copy of 20(2), published in 1934, please consider me to be a willing recipient should you choose to help me complete my quest. The current issue of California Fish and Game, now in your hands, covers numerous topics. Papers addressing distributional records, physiological responses of fish to crowding during transport, the genetics of wild pigs and their history in California, and predation are included in this issue, illustrating the wide range of topics appropriate to be considered for publication in this journal. Also included is a review of a short book that I suspect many authors will find helpful in their future endeavors. Please note the words of, the late, Kate Wolf that introduce the review. Wordiness is the bane of many editors, and this one is no exception. Additionally, the author of that book, Dr. Bill Dunn, emphasizes the necessity of being “on message” with your audience. Individuals that choose to read this book will very likely become better writers or speakers, or both, as a result of doing so. Finally, this issue contains a tribute to Regional Manager Kimberly Nicol, who spent her entire career in what is now Region 6. Kim passed away in January of this year following a long and courageous battle with cancer. She began her career as a fisheries biologist, and had a strong interest in reptiles and amphibians, as well as in desert fishes. Those of us that worked with her for many years came to know her as a concerned and effective leader. The critters inhabiting the deserts of southeastern California are better off for Kim’s efforts, and she and her work on behalf of those creatures and their habitats will be missed. Vernon C. Bleich, Ph.D. Editor-in-Chief California Fish and Game Spring 2015 87 California Fish and Game 101(2):87-100; 2015 Experimental enhancement of pickleweed, Suisun Bay, California A. KEITH MILES*, DIRK H. VAN VUREN, DANIKA C. TSAO, AND JULIE L. YEE U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, 3020 State University Drive East, Modoc Hall, Room 4003, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA (AKM) Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, 1 Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA (DHVV) California Department of Water Resources, Division of Environmental Services, 3500 Industrial Boulevard, West Sacramento, CA, 95691, USA (DCT) U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, 800 Business Park Drive, Dixon, CA, 95620, USA (JLY) *Correspondent: [email protected] As mitigation for habitat impacted by the expansion of a pier on Suisun Bay, California, two vehicle parking lots (0.36 ha and 0.13 ha) were restored by being excavated, graded, and contoured using dredged sediments to the topography or elevation of nearby wetlands. We asked if pickleweed (Sarcocornia pacifica L, [Amaranthaceae]) colonization could be enhanced by experimental manipulation on these new wetlands. Pickleweed dominates ecologically important communities at adjacent San Francisco Bay, but is not typically dominant at Suisun Bay probably because of widely fluctuating water salinity and is outcompeted by other brackish water plants. Experimental treatments (1.0-m2 plots) included mulching with pickleweed cuttings in either the fall or the spring, tilling in the fall, or applying organic enrichments in the fall. Control plots received no treatment. Pickleweed colonization was most enhanced at treatment plots that were mulched with pickleweed in the fall. Since exotic vegetation can colonize bare sites within the early phases of restoration and reduce habitat quality, we concluded that mulching was most effective in the
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