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Contributions to the Knowledge of the Alpheid Shrimp of the Pacific Ocean Part XVII. Additional Notes on the Hawaiian Alpheids

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Contributions to the Knowledge of the Alpheid Shrimp of the Pacific Ocean Part XVII. Additional Notes on the Hawaiian Alpheids Pacific Science (1974), Vol. 28, No.4, p. 423-437 Printed in Great Britain Contributions to the Knowledge of the Alpheid Shrimp of the Pacific Ocean Part XVII. Additional Notes on the Hawaiian Alpheids: New Species, Subspecies, and Some Nomenclatorial Changes! ALBERT H. BANNER2 AND DORA M. BANNER2 IN 1953 the senior author monographed the from Oahu as new (Banner 1959). In the same shrimp of the family Alpheidae (then called paper A. lanceloti Coutiere was recorded from Crangonidae) for the Hawaiian archipelago. Oahu and additional taxonomic or ecological Since that date two additional papers dealing notes were supplied on the following species: with Hawaiian alpheids have been published, A. paragracilis Coutiere, A. huikau (see below), additional species new to Hawaii have been A. ventrosus Milne Edwards, A. diadema Dana, recorded, and a series of nomenclatorial A. rapax Fabricius, and A. plaryunguiculatus changes have occurred. In addition, we have Banner. recently found three new species and sub­ In 1960 Banner and Banner described a new species and we wish to raise a subspecies re­ species, Metabetaeus lohena, from a brackish pool ported originally from Hawaii to specific rank. in a lava flow from the island of Hawaii. All of these changes we wish to publish in In 1966a Banner and Banner recorded Synal­ a single publication for the convenience of pheus streptodacrylus Coutiere as a symbiont in future workers dealing with Hawaiian alpheids. sponges from Oahu. In a second paper, to be published subsequently, We also wish to record the penetration of Guinther, Grouvhoug, and Banner will give two species of Alpheus into the brackish water specific data for the alpha-numerical designa­ pond system in loose lava flows on the island tions used in this paper and additional capture of Maui that Holthuis (1973) has described. To records and ecological notes for the species these pools he has applied the name "anchia­ from Pearl Harbor, Oahu. line," defined as designating those pools Primary type material will be deposited in the "without surface connection with the sea, con­ Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu; some of taining salt or brackish water which fluctuates the paratypic series, where possible, will be with the tide." One species was Alpheusgracilis deposited in the National Museum of Natural Heller which reached only to pond f (see History, Washington, D.C. Holthuis 1973, fig. 3). Theother, Alpheus lobidens pofynesica (new subspecies, see below; it should be pointed out that some specimens were too ADDITIONAL RECORDS AND NOMENCLATORIAL fragmentary for positive identification), was CHANGES, 1953-1973 found not only in this pond, but also in ponds e, r, s, and JV. Dr. John Maciolek reports that in Additional Records and Notes most cases the alpheids were burrowing in the In 1959, the senior author described Alpheus bottom material of the ponds, but some were lanceosrylus from Pearl and Hermes Reef and a occasionally seen in the cracks between the subspecies, A. malabaricus Fabricius mackayi, basaltic boulders. The salinity of the ponds varied between 7 and 24%0' Metabetaeus lohena I Work supported in part by U.S. National Science Banner & Banner is characteristic of the Foundation grant GB 25020. Manuscript received anchialine pool system, especially of those 7 September 1973. ponds that have cavelike connections; it will be 2 University of Hawaii, Hawaii Institute of Marine discussed below. M. lohena was not found in Biology, P.O. Box 1346, Kaneohe, Oahu, Hawaii 96744. Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology contribution the same pools as the two species of Alpheus. no. 447. We are indebted to Dr. John Maciolek, Hawaii 423 424 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 28, October 1974 Cooperative Fisheries Unit, University of NEW RECORDS AND SPECIES, 1973 Hawaii, for the specimens and the collection Leptalpheus pacificus sp. nov. 3 data. Fig. 1. Nomenclatorial Changes Holorype The names, Crangoidae Weber and Crangon 14-mm nonovigerous female (carapace length Weber have been officially changed to Alpheidae 5 mm). Collected in 4.5 m of water in Pearl Rafinesque and Alpheus Fabricius by the Inter­ Harbor, Oahu (BC 11-04104). national Commission on Zoological Nomen­ clature in Opinion 334, 1955. Pararype The generic name Jousseaumea Weber was 21-mm ovigerous female (carapace length found to be preoccupied and changed to 6 mm). Dug from low intertidal sand flats of Salmoneus by Holthuis in 1955. a reefin Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, near 21 °27'00" N, In the genus Synalpheus, we are placing S. 157°47'16" W. proliftcus Bate in synonymy to S. charon Heller and are removing the two subspecific names Description from S. streptodacrylus. These changes in status Anterior portion of carapace produced into will be discussed in Part II of "The Alpheid a smoothly rounded hood covering eyes from Shrimp of Australia" (in press). dorsal aspect only, without trace of orbital In the genus Alpheus the following trivial (or hoods, rostrum, or carinae. Pterygostomial specific) names have been changed: angle rounded, not produced. Without orbito­ A. paracrinitus bengalensis Coutiere is now A. rostral process. paracrinitus Miers (Banner and Banner 1967). Antennular peduncles stout. Second article A. tuthilli (Banner) is now A. crockeri Arm­ 1.3 times as long as broad and only a little strong (Crosnier and Forest 1966). longer than first article, third article 0.6 as long A. ventrosus Milne Edwards is now A. lottini as second. Stylocerite acute distally, reaching Guerin (Holthuis 1958, also Banner and slightly past end of first antennular article. Banner 1964). Squamous portion of scaphocerite broad and A. latipes (Banner) is now A. lottini (Banner reaching near middle of third antennular 1958 as A. ventrosus). article, lateral tooth acute, a little longer than A. amirantei Coutiere was changed to A. squame. Carpocerite 4.5 times as long as broad amirantei sizou (Banner and Banner 1964). in lateral view, and reaching to near end of antennular peduncles. Basicerite with heavy, In addition we accept the redefinition of the acute genus Metalpheus Coutiere as separated from tooth on inferior margin. Chelipeds asymmetrical with large chela 2.5 Alpheus by Chace (1972), and the following species are now placed within it: times length ofsmall, both chelae carried flexed against a flattened merus. Palm rounded except M. paragracilis (Coutiere) previously A. para­ for flattened area to accommodate merus. Fixed gracilis. finger bearing three teeth on outer face and tip: M. rostratipes (Pocock), previously reported proximal tooth broad, thin, very large, and as A. clippertoni Schmitt (1939), A. nanus triangular; second tooth, almost at tip, also Banner (1953), A. huikau Banner (1959) (see thin but truncate, almost rectangular with discussion in Banner and Banner 1967 and superior surface irregular; tooth at tip a small Crosnier and Forest 1966). rectangle. Dactylus without corresponding M. hawaiiensis (Edmondson) previously A. hawaiiensis (Edmondson 1925). We have re­ J The appearance of the name Leptalpheus pacificus in examined the holotype (the only specimen Pear! Harbor Biokgical Survry: Fina! Report, ed. Evan C. known) at the Bernice P. Bishop Museum and Evans III (NUCTN 1128, 30 August 1974), page 5.0-1, does not create a nomen nudum as this report was issued find that it agrees with the generic character­ preliminary to publication and had only limited and con­ istics set forth by Chace. trolled distribution; it was not available to the public. mm +----1-0 FIG. 1. Leptalpheus pacificus sp. nov. Holotype. A, B, anterior region dorsal and lateral view; C, D, E, large cheliped-superior, medial, and inferior aspects; F, G, distal region of chela-enlarged, lateral, and medial face; H, I, small cheliped-superior and inferior aspect;], distal region of small chela-enlarged, medial face; K, second leg; L, third leg; M, telson and uropods. SCALES: C, D, E, H, I, K, L, scale a; F, G,], scale b; A, B, M, scale c. 426 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 28, October 1974 dentition except at tip which bears two low was first known only from the waters of North teeth meeting with tooth of tip of fixed finger; Carolina where it was found originally in however, in the hiatus between proximal and night plankton tows in shallow water; it was middle tooth opposite, outer margin ofdactylus subsequently found in burrows of Upogebia developed as a low crest. Carpus cup-shaped, aflinis (Say) by day. A later study in Old Tampa less than half as long as fingers. Merus a little Bay, Florida, revealed that it was not un­ shorter than palm, slender, slightly twisted with common in the enriched (= polluted) tide flattened face to accommodate chela; distal flats where it was collected in the ratio of one margins not projected, distal section of merus specimen to about six specimens of U. aflinis, thicker than proximal. and that the ovigerous females ranged in cara­ Small cheliped with chela 5.0 times as long as pace length from 3.8-7.1 mm (Saloman 1971: broad. Fingers and palm almost equal in length, 69). Dawson (1967: 224) reported the speci­ face of palm flattened to accommodate merus. mens from Davis Bayou, Mississippi River, Opposing margins of fingers without teeth ex­ apparently associated with Callianassa jamai­ ceptfor slight jagged surface offixed finger; both cense louisianensis Schmitt. fingers sparsely beset with short setae. Merus This Pacific species is quite similar to the flattened, a little shorter than chela, slightly Atlantic in a number of characteristics includ­ excavate, and twisted to accommodate cheliped. ing the general form (but not the proportions) Carpal articles of second leg with ratio: and shape ofthe anteriorportionofthe carapace, 10: 4: 4: 4: 8, chela as long as last three articles. flexure of the large chelipeds, shape of telson Merus slightly excavate to accommodate carpal and uropods, etc. However, it can be clearly articles when flexed.
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