Sur L'appendix Masculina Chez Salmoneus (Decapoda, Alpheidae)

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Sur L'appendix Masculina Chez Salmoneus (Decapoda, Alpheidae) SUR L'APPENDIX MASCULINA CHEZ SALMONEUS (DECAPODA, ALPHEIDAE) PAR ALBERTO CARVACHO División de Oceanologia, CICESE, Apartado 2732, Ensenada, B.C., México ABSTRACT A revision of all specimens of the six species of Salmoneusextant in the Museum of Natural History of Paris has shown that there is always an appendix masculina on the second pleopod. The presence of such a character, even in ovigerous specimens, suggests the possibility of it being a characteristic of genus Salmoneus.This case is compared to that of Automate,where males lack the appendix masculina. INTRODUCTION Chez les crevettes carides il existe normalement deux sexes g6n6tiquement diff6renci6s et qui s'expriment - du point de vue morphologique - 4 partir d'un age relativemcnt precoce. La presence de caracteres sexuels secondaircs permet quelquefois de reconnaitre aiscment les sexes, au moins a 1'etat adulte: c'est le cas du developpement d6mesur6 du deuxieme p6r6iopode chez les males de Macrobrachium ou des diff6rences dans la forme du rostrc chez Leander tenuicornis (Say). En outre, a de rares exceptions pres, la differenciation sexuelle s'exprime par la presence, sur le deuxieme pl6opode du male, d'un appendice qui se situe entre 1'endopodite et 1'appendix interna. Cet appendice male est d'une taille variable par rapport a 1'appendix interna et il cst pourvu de soies vers Fextre- mit6 distale. Son developpement est, naturellement, graduel entre la diff6ren- ciation sexuelle et la mue de puberte. Un cas exceptionnel est celui dc la plu- part des Crangonidae, chez lesquels aucun appendice sexuel n'existe sur les pleopodes. Dans ce cas, ce sont les premiers pleopodes qui pr6sentent une dif- f6rencc: 1'endopodite des males est court et mince, tandis que celui de la femelle est bien plus long et plus large. Quelques cas speciaux ont ete encore signales chez Sclerocrangon (cf. Zarenkov, 1965) et Metacrangon (cf. Butler, 1980). Chez les Alph6ld6s, les alterations de la differentiation sexuelle semblent etre - moins fr6quentes ou moins connues - que chez d'autres groupes de Cari- d6s. Elles ont ete signalees dans le genre Athanas, pour lequel Suzuki (1970) 6met l'hypothese d'un hermaphrodisme non-simultane qui semble etre une 254 exclusivite dans le regne animal: chaque individu manifcsterait deux inver- sions sexuellcs au cours de sa vie, de telle sorte qu'il existerait, successivement, une phase male, une phase femelle et, enfin, une deuxieme phase male. Ce ph6nom?ne, 6tudi6 en detail chez A. kominatoensis Kubo, "may be similar... to A. indicus, A. acanthocarpus and A. dorsalis" (Suzuki, 1970: 35). A chaque chan- gement de phase, une regression des caracteres sexuels de la phase antcricure sc produirait. Ainsi, I'appcndix masculina du deuxieme pleopodc disparaitrait petit a petit au cours des mues successives, mais il pourrait pcrsister m?me chez les femelles ovig?res; dans ce cas, pourtant, le processus de regression est evident et I'appendix masculina est alors peu developpe. Un autre cas exceptionnel parmi les Alpheides est celui du genre Automate, o6 il n'existc pas d'appendix masculina. Cette situation rend difficile la recon- naissance du sexe et a conduit Banner & Banner (1973: 302) a supposer qu'il pourrait bien s'agir d'un cas d'hermaphrodisme. Le genre Salmoneus, qui fait l'objet de cette note, est particulièrement mal connu. Dans une revision recent, Banner & Banner (1981: 51) dressent une liste des 14 especes valides, dont dix ne sont connues que par un exemplaire unique. D'autre part, la variation intraspccifique semble etre tres grande et clle porte sur des caracteres comme la longucur et la forme du rostre et la confi- guration du bord distal du telson, qui ont ete utilises comme des caracteres diagnostiques (Voir: Banner & Banner, 1981: 59, fig. 7e, f). En cherchant une explication a cette extreme variabilite, qui aurait pu etre en correlation avec le sexe et /ou la taille, nous avons 6tudl6 en detail la totalite du materiel appartenant a ce genre depose au Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Dans un premier examen nous avons commis la m?me erreur que la plupart des auteurs precedents (sinon tous) en considerant comme des femelles les specimens ovigeres et en determinant le sexe du reste du materiel par l'observation du deuxieme pleopode. Le resultat était douteux: inexistence de femelles non ovigeres, c'est a dire, existence d'un appendix masculina chez tous les exemplaires non ovigeres. Or, Christoffersen (1982) a signale la presencc, chez S. ortmanni (Rankin), d'un appendix masculina sur le deuxieme pleopode des femelles ovigeres. 11 remarque: "I have been unable to distinguish the sex of the brazilian material due to the presence of an appendix masculina in all specimens examined. The biological implications of this peculiar trait are not clear to me, specially as Chace Jr. (1977) has apparently been able to distinguish between males and non-ovigerous females". La revision attentive de la litterature nous a montre que, en effet, on n'a signale la presence que de cinq femelles non ovigeres du genre Salmoneus. Cette observation et la note de Christoffersen nous ont fait reconsiderer l'id6e generale sur la determination du sexe par 1' examen de 1' appendix mas- culina. Dans une nouvelle revision nous avons constate que, dans 100 % des cas examines, les femelles ovigeres de Salmoneus portent aussi un appendix .
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