2018 IEEE Thesaurus

2018 IEEE

Thesaurus

Version 1.0

Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

The IEEE Thesaurus is a controlled The IEEE Thesaurus also provides a vocabulary of almost 10,100 descriptive conceptual map through the use of engineering, technical and scientific terms, semantic relationships such as broader as well as IEEE-specific society terms terms (BT), narrower terms (NT), 'used for' [referred to as “descriptors” or “preferred relationships (USE/UF), and related terms terms”] .* Each descriptor included in the (RT). These semantic relationships identify thesaurus represents a single concept or theoretical connections between terms. unit of thought. The descriptors are Italic text denotes Non-preferred terms. considered the preferred terms for use in Bold text is used for preferred headings. describing IEEE content. The scope of descriptors is based on the material presented in IEEE journals, conference Abbreviations used in the Thesaurus: papers, standards, and/or IEEE organizational material. A controlled BT - Broader term vocabulary is a specific terminology used in NT - Narrower term a consistent and controlled fashion that RT - Related term results in better information searching and USE- Use preferred term retrieval. UF - Used for

Thesaurus construction is based on the ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005(2010) standard, Guidelines for the Construction, Format, and Management of Monolingual Controlled Vocabulary. The Thesaurus vocabulary uses American-based spellings with cross references to British variant spellings. The scope and structure of the IEEE Thesaurus reflects the engineering and scientific disciplines that comprise the Societies, Councils, and Communities of the IEEE in *Refer to ANSI/NISO NISO Z39.19-2005 addition to the technologies IEEE serves. (R2010) Sections 5 through 8 for detailed information on controlled vocabularies, IEEE has developed its controlled display formats, usage and spelling, and vocabulary through consultation with subject selection criteria for descriptors matter experts (specialists in a particular (http://www.niso.org/publications/ansiniso- field) and specialists in information analysis. z3919-2005-r2010-guidelines-construction- The IEEE Thesaurus thus provides a format-and-management-monolingual) controlled vocabulary of subject headings to help people categorize or search for engineering and computing concepts, especially IEEE published content.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 2 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

1/f noise UF: 1f 3D reconstruction Pink noise USE: Three-dimensional displays BT: Noise 3G mobile communication 1f UF: 3rd generation mobile USE: 1/f noise communication IMT-2000 2-D displays Third generation mobile USE: Two dimensional displays communication UMTS 2-d hole gas Universal mobile USE: Two dimensional hole gas telecommunication service BT: Mobile communication 2-D photonic crystals RT: 4G mobile communication USE: Photonic crystals Ambient networks Land mobile radio cellular 21CN systems USE: Next generation networking MIMO communication Multiaccess communication 21st century networks Next generation networking USE: Next generation networking OFDM Radio access networks 2D displays Spread spectrum USE: Two dimensional displays communication Telecommunication 2d hole gas computing USE: Two dimensional hole gas Time division synchronous code division multiple access 2D photonic crystals USE: Photonic crystals 3GPP UF: 3rd generation partnership 3-D displays project USE: Three-dimensional displays BT: Standards organizations

3-D modeling 3GPP Standards USE: Three-dimensional displays BT: Standards publications NT: Long Term Evolution 3-D modelling USE: Three-dimensional displays 3rd generation mobile communication USE: 3G mobile communication 3-D reconstruction USE: Three-dimensional displays 3rd generation partnership project USE: 3GPP 3D displays USE: Three-dimensional displays 4G mobile communication UF: 4th generation mobile 3D modeling communication USE: Three-dimensional displays BT: Mobile communication RT: 3G mobile communication 3D modelling 5G mobile communication USE: Three-dimensional displays Land mobile radio cellular systems 3D printing Long Term Evolution USE: Three-dimensional printing Next generation networking This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 3 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Radio access networks 802.16 Spread spectrum USE: IEEE 802.16 Standard communication Telecommunication 802.3 computing USE: IEEE 802.3 Standard Time division synchronous code division multiple access 8K UHD USE: UHDTV 4K UHD USE: UHDTV 9/11 USE: Terrorism 4th generation mobile communication USE: 4G mobile communication 9/11 attack USE: Terrorism 5G USE: 5G mobile communication 911 attack USE: Terrorism 5G mobile communication UF: 5G A/D 5th generation mobile USE: Analog-digital conversion systems 5th generation systems A/D conversion 5th generation wireless USE: Analog-digital conversion systems BT: Mobile communication A/D converter RT: 4G mobile communication USE: Analog-digital conversion Land mobile radio Land mobile radio cellular AAL systems USE: Ambient assisted living Next generation networking Abdomen 5th generation mobile systems BT: Body regions USE: 5G mobile communication Abrasive water jet cutting 5th generation systems USE: Water jet cutting USE: 5G mobile communication Abrasives 5th generation wireless systems BT: Production materials USE: 5G mobile communication Absorption 802.11 BT: Materials science and USE: IEEE 802.11 Standard technology RT: Semiconductor detectors 802.11e USE: IEEE 802.11e Standard Abstract algebra BT: Algebra 802.11g NT: Galois fields USE: IEEE 802.11g Standard Modules (abstract algebra)

802.11n Abstracts USE: IEEE 802.11n Standard BT: Writing RT: Information retrieval 802.15 Information services USE: IEEE 802.15 Standard AC generators This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 4 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Alternating current Pulse width modulation generators inverters BT: Generators Voltage multipliers RT: Pulse width modulation Voltage-source converters NT: Induction generators NT: Rectifying circuits Synchronous generators AC-DC power convertors AC llght emitting diode lamps USE: AC-DC power converters USE: LED lamps AC-LED lamps AC machines USE: LED lamps UF: Alternating current machines AC/DC power converters BT: Electric machines USE: AC-DC power converters RT: AC-AC converters Pulse width modulation Accelerated aging Sensorless control BT: Aging Windings Materials testing NT: AC motors Induction machines Accelerated testing Synchronous machines USE: Life estimation

AC motors Acceleration UF: Alternating current motors BT: Mechanical factors BT: AC machines RT: Accelerometers Motors Gravity RT: Pulse width modulation Pulse width modulation Acceleration measurement inverters USE: Accelerometers Space vector pulse width modulation Accelerator architectures NT: Hysteresis motors BT: Computer architecture Induction motors Accelerator beams AC-AC converters USE: Particle beams UF: AC-AC convertors AC-AC power conversion Accelerator magnets BT: Converters BT: Magnetic devices Power conversion Particle accelerators RT: AC machines Accelerometers AC-AC convertors UF: Acceleration measurement USE: AC-AC converters BT: Measurement RT: Acceleration AC-AC power conversion USE: AC-AC converters Access control BT: Security AC-DC power converters RT: Biometrics (access control) UF: AC-DC power convertors Building services AC/DC power converters Capability-based security Analog-to-digital converter Communication system Analog-to-digital convertor security BT: Power conversion Computer security RT: Machine vector control Countermeasures (computer) This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 5 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Identification of persons BT: Acoustics Smart cards RT: Acoustic measurements NT: Authorization Biomedical acoustics Blacklisting NT: Acoustic communication Multi-factor authentication (telecommunication) Password Acoustic imaging Acoustic testing Access point base station USE: Femtocell networks Acoustic arrays BT: Acoustic transducers Access protocols RT: Acoustic signal processing BT: Protocols Array signal processing RT: CAPTCHAs Sonar NT: Media Access Protocol Acoustic beams Access rights BT: Beams USE: Permission Acoustic communication Accident prevention (telecommunication) BT: Industry applications BT: Acoustic applications RT: Explosion protection Telecommunication Preventive maintenance services Risk analysis RT: Mobile communication Safety devices OFDM NT: Accidents Wireless networks

Accidents Acoustic devices BT: Accident prevention UF: Ultrasonic devices RT: Domestic safety BT: Acoustics Electric shock RT: Piezoelectric devices Emergency services NT: Acoustic waveguides Explosions Acoustoelectric devices Fires Acoustooptic devices Hazardous areas Bulk acoustic wave devices Occupational health Film bulk acoustic Occupational safety resonators Oil pollution Surface acoustic wave Product safety devices Risk analysis NT: Aerospace accidents Acoustic diffraction Electrical accidents BT: Acoustic propagation Industrial accidents Marine accidents Acoustic distortion Railway accidents BT: Distortion Road accidents RT: Acoustic noise Acoustic signal processing Accreditation Loudspeakers BT: Educational programs Nonlinear acoustics RT: Training Acoustic distortion measurement Accuracy USE: Distortion measurement BT: Mathematics Acoustic emission Acoustic applications BT: Acoustics UF: Ultrasonic applications RT: Acoustic noise This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 6 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Acoustic testing BT: Reflection Nondestructive testing RT: Acoustic scattering

Acoustic imaging Acoustic refraction BT: Acoustic applications BT: Acoustic waves RT: Acoustic testing Oceanographic techniques Acoustic scattering BT: Scattering Acoustic materials RT: Acoustic reflection UF: Acoustic metamaterials Waves BT: Materials RT: Piezoelectric materials Acoustic sensors BT: Sensors Acoustic measurements BT: Measurement Acoustic signal detection RT: Acoustic applications BT: Signal detection Acoustic testing RT: Acoustic noise Anechoic chambers NT: Sonar detection Biomedical acoustics Frequency measurement Acoustic signal processing Phase measurement UF: Audio enhancement Seismic measurements BT: Signal processing Wavelength measurement RT: Acoustic arrays Acoustic distortion Acoustic metamaterials Acoustic transducers USE: Acoustic materials AND NT: Active noise reduction Metamaterials Speech processing

Acoustic noise Acoustic surface waves UF: Audible noise USE: Surface acoustic waves Audio restoration BT: Acoustics Acoustic testing RT: Acoustic distortion BT: Acoustic applications Acoustic emission Materials testing Acoustic signal detection RT: Acoustic emission Environmental factors Acoustic imaging Mechanical factors Acoustic measurements Vibrations Photoacoustic effects NT: Background noise Noise cancellation Acoustic transducers Noise level BT: Transducers Noise reduction RT: Acoustic signal processing Working environment noise Array signal processing NT: Acoustic arrays Acoustic propagation BT: Acoustics Acoustic wave attenuation RT: Acoustic pulses USE: Acoustic waves AND Waves Attenuation NT: Acoustic diffraction Acoustic waveguides Acoustic pulses BT: Acoustic devices BT: Acoustics RT: Acoustic propagation Acoustic waves UF: Acoustic wave attenuation Acoustic reflection BT: Acoustics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 7 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Seismic waves USE: Magnetoacoustic effects NT: Acoustic refraction Acoustoelectric effects Acoustooptic devices Surface acoustic waves BT: Acoustic devices RT: Acoustooptic effects Acoustical engineering BT: Engineering - general Acoustooptic effects BT: Acoustics Acoustics RT: Acoustooptic devices UF: Ultrasonics NT: Piezooptic effects BT: Physics RT: Acoustoelectric effects Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Fourier transforms UF: AIDS Magnetoacoustic effects Acquired immunodeficiency Phonons syndrome Resonators BT: Diseases Vibrations NT: Acoustic applications Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Acoustic devices USE: Acquired immune Acoustic emission deficiency syndrome Acoustic noise Acoustic propagation Actinium Acoustic pulses BT: Chemical elements Acoustic waves Acoustooptic effects Action potentials Biomedical acoustics UF: Bioelectric potentials Cepstral analysis BT: Physiology Music RT: Axons Nonlinear acoustics Neurons Psychoacoustics White matter Reverberation Spectral shape Activated sludge process Underwater acoustics USE: Sludge treatment

Acoustoelectric devices Activation analysis UF: Electroacoustic devices BT: Chemical analysis BT: Acoustic devices RT: Acoustoelectric effects Active appearance model Piezoelectric devices BT: Computer vision Pulsed electroacoustic methods Active circuits Surface acoustic wave BT: Circuits devices NT: Active inductors Gyrators Acoustoelectric effects Operational amplifiers UF: Electroacoustic effects BT: Acoustic waves Active contours Electric fields BT: Motion analysis RT: Acoustics Acoustoelectric devices Active disturbance rejection control Semiconductor materials USE: Robust control NT: Pulsed electroacoustic methods Active filters BT: Filters Acoustomagnetic effects NT: Band-pass filters This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 8 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Active inductors Active shape model BT: Active circuits BT: Image processing Inductors Pattern recognition RT: Gyrators Integrated circuits Active-matrix MOSFET circuits USE: Active matrix technology

Active matrix addressing Active-matrix liquid-crystal displays BT: Active matrix technology USE: Active matrix liquid crystal displays Active matrix liquid crystal displays UF: AMLCDs Activities Active-matrix liquid-crystal USE: IEEE activities displays BT: Active matrix technology Activity recognition Liquid crystal displays BT: Cognition Pattern recognition Active matrix organic LEDs Sensor systems USE: Active matrix organic light RT: Computer vision emitting diodes Actuators Active matrix organic light emitting diodes UF: Dielectric electroactive UF: AMOLEDs polymer actuators Active matrix organic LEDs Electroactive polymer Active matrix organic light- actuators emitting diodes Electrostrictive polymer BT: Active matrix technology actuators Organic light emitting Ionomeric polymer-metal diodes composite actuators Nanoactuators Active matrix organic light-emitting diodes BT: Control equipment USE: Active matrix organic light RT: Control systems emitting diodes Servomechanisms Servosystems Active matrix technology Shape memory alloys UF: Active-matrix NT: Dielectric elastomer BT: Displays actuators NT: Active matrix addressing Electrostatic actuators Active matrix liquid crystal Hydraulic actuators displays Intelligent actuators Active matrix organic light Microactuators emitting diodes Piezoelectric actuators Thin film transistors Pneumatic actuators

Active noise reduction Ad hoc networks BT: Acoustic signal processing BT: Computer networks Noise reduction RT: Cross layer design NT: Echo cancellers Data communication Land mobile radio Active pixel sensors Mobile computing BT: Image sensors Multicast communication Protocols Active RFID tags Wireless LAN BT: RFID tags Wireless sensor networks This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 9 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: AODV Adaptive learning Mesh networks BT: Education Mobile ad hoc networks RT: Distance learning Vehicular ad hoc networks Human computer interaction Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector User interfaces USE: AODV Adaptive mesh refinement Adaptation models BT: Numerical analysis BT: Adaptive algorithms Adaptive optics Adaptive algorithms BT: Optics BT: Algorithms NT: Adaptation models Adaptive scheduling BT: Scheduling Adaptive antenna arrays RT: Adaptive systems USE: Adaptive arrays Production control

Adaptive arrays Adaptive signal detection UF: Adaptive antenna arrays BT: Adaptive signal processing BT: Antenna arrays RT: Adaptive arrays RT: Adaptive signal detection Blind source separation Array signal processing Source separation Radar countermeasures Radio communication Adaptive signal processing countermeasures BT: Signal processing NT: Adaptive filters Adaptive codes Adaptive signal detection USE: Adaptive coding Adaptive systems Adaptive coding BT: Cybernetics UF: Adaptive codes Systems engineering and BT: Data compression theory RT: Adaptive scheduling Adaptive control Learning systems UF: Self-tuning regulators Neural networks BT: Adaptive systems NT: Adaptive control RT: Cognitive systems Cognitive radar Control systems Line enhancers Disturbance observers Multi-agent systems Iterative learning control Variable structure systems

Adaptive equalisers ADAS USE: Adaptive equalizers USE: Advanced driver assistance systems Adaptive equalizers UF: Adaptive equalisers Add-drop multiplexers BT: Equalizers BT: Multiplexing equipment NT: Optical add-drop Adaptive estimation multiplexers BT: Statistics Added delay Adaptive filters BT: Delay systems BT: Adaptive signal processing Adders This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 10 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Circuits UF: Electric admittance RT: Digital integrated circuits BT: Electric variables Logic circuits RT: Admittance measurement Impedance Additive manufacturing USE: Three-dimensional printing Admittance measurement BT: Electric variables Additive metric measurement USE: Maximum likelihood RT: Admittance detection Impedance measurement

Additive noise Adsorption BT: Noise BT: Surface morphology NT: AWGN RT: Interface phenomena Additive white noise Molecular sieves Surfactants Additive white noise BT: Additive noise Advanced driver assistance systems RT: Gaussian noise UF: ADAS BT: Vehicle safety Additives RT: Collision avoidance UF: Fuel additives Intelligent vehicles BT: Materials RT: Production materials Advanced Research Projects Agency Network USE: ARPANET Adenoviridae USE: Adenoviruses Advanced TV USE: HDTV Adenoviruses UF: Adenoviridae Advanced video coding BT: Microorganisms USE: Video coding

Adhesive bonding Advertising USE: Adhesives BT: Marketing management

Adhesive strength Aerial robots BT: Materials testing USE: Unmanned aerial vehicles

Adhesives Aerodynamics UF: Adhesive bonding BT: Dynamics BT: Bonding Mechanical factors NT: Conductive adhesives RT: Aerospace control Nonconductive adhesives Shock waves Wind tunnels Adiabatic BT: Power electronics Aerosols BT: Electrostatic processes Adjacent channel interference RT: Liquids USE: Interchannel interference Particle production Spraying Admission control BT: Quality of service Aerospace accidents RT: Bandwidth BT: Accidents RT: Aerospace safety Admittance Space vehicles This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 11 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Air accidents Space vehicle instrumentation Aerospace and electronic systems BT: Aerospace engineering RT: Auditory displays RT: Aircraft Digital signal processing Space vehicles Programming Total ionizing dose Systems engineering and theory Aerospace engineering NT: Aerospace control BT: Aerospace and electronic Aerospace engineering systems Aerospace materials RT: Aerospace industry Aircraft manufacture Aerospace materials Aircraft navigation Lightweight structures Aircraft propulsion NT: Aerospace biophysics Command and control Aerospace electronics systems Aerospace safety Electronic warfare Aerospace simulation Military equipment Aerospace testing Radar Artificial satellites Sensor systems Space technology Sonar Telemetry Aerospace ground equipment USE: Ground support Aerospace biophysics BT: Aerospace engineering Aerospace ground services Biophysics USE: Ground support RT: Human factors Aerospace industry Aerospace components BT: Manufacturing industries BT: Aerospace materials RT: Aerospace engineering Aerospace materials Aerospace control Aerospace safety UF: Aircraft control Aircraft manufacture Flight control Lightweight structures BT: Aerospace and electronic systems Aerospace instrumentation RT: Aerodynamics USE: Aerospace electronics Aerospace simulation Aircraft Aerospace materials Hardware-in-the loop UF: Aircraft materials simulation Spacecraft materials Missiles BT: Aerospace and electronic Motion control systems Space vehicles Production materials Velocity control RT: Aerospace engineering NT: Air traffic control Aerospace industry Attitude control Aircraft manufacture Ground support Lightweight structures Space vehicles Aerospace electronics NT: Aerospace components UF: Aerospace instrumentation Aircraft electronics Aerospace navigation Aircraft instrumentation USE: Aircraft navigation Avionics Space vehicle electronics Aerospace propulsion This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 12 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Propulsion Software agents RT: Multi-agent systems Aerospace safety BT: Aerospace engineering Aggregates Safety BT: Materials RT: Aerospace accidents RT: Building materials Aerospace industry Ion beam effects Agile computing Space shuttles USE: Agile software development Space vehicles NT: Air safety Agile manufacturing BT: Manufacturing systems Aerospace simulation RT: Computer integrated UF: Flight simulation manufacturing BT: Aerospace engineering Flexible manufacturing RT: Aerospace control systems Aerospace testing Wind tunnels Agile software development UF: Agile computing Aerospace testing BT: Software development BT: Aerospace engineering management Testing NT: Scrum (Software RT: Aerospace simulation development) NT: Wind tunnels Aging Affective computing UF: Age factors BT: Artificial intelligence Aged Human computer Ageing interaction BT: Materials science and RT: Behavioral sciences technology Cognitive systems RT: Ambient assisted living Emotion recognition Assisted living Human factors Cataracts Psychology Electric breakdown Energy storage Africa Gerontology BT: Continents Insulation life Life estimation Afterburners Reliability USE: Incineration Senior citizens NT: Accelerated aging Ag USE: Silver Agricultural engineering BT: Engineering - general Age factors RT: Agricultural machinery USE: Aging Agriculture

Aged Agricultural machinery USE: Aging UF: Combine harvesters Tractors Ageing BT: Machinery USE: Aging RT: Agricultural engineering Agriculture Agent-based modeling Applicators BT: Computational modeling Blades This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 13 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Purification Agricultural products BT: Agriculture Air conditioning RT: Food products BT: Cooling Irrigation RT: Building services NT: Cotton Buildings Crops Compressors Dairy products Ducts Sugar Fans Wool Ventilation Vents Agriculture NT: Central air conditioning UF: Livestock BT: Industries Air filters RT: Agricultural engineering USE: Air cleaners Agricultural machinery Animals Air gaps Dairy products UF: Air-gap Genetic engineering BT: Electromagnetic analysis Pest control RT: Electrodes Soil pollution Spark gaps Vegetation mapping NT: Agricultural products Air interface Aquaculture USE: Communication channels Fertilizers Greenhouses Air pollutants Irrigation USE: Air pollution

AI Air pollution USE: Artificial intelligence UF: Air pollutants BT: Air quality AIDS Pollution USE: Acquired immune RT: Air cleaners deficiency syndrome Ash Atmospheric Aids for the handicapped measurements USE: Assistive technology Exhaust gases Flue gases AIEE Standards Fossil fuels BT: IEEE Standards Global warming Incineration Air accidents Industrial pollution BT: Aerospace accidents Meteorology RT: Air safety Thermal pollution Air traffic control Air purifiers Air bags USE: Air cleaners USE: Automotive components Air quality Air cleaners BT: Atmosphere UF: Air filters RT: Atmospheric Air purifiers measurements BT: Machine components Environmental factors RT: Air pollution NT: Air pollution Cleaning This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 14 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Air safety Aircraft BT: Aerospace safety RT: Air accidents Aircraft materials USE: Aerospace materials Air traffic control BT: Aerospace control Aircraft navigation RT: Air accidents UF: Aerospace navigation Air transportation Entry, descent and landing Control systems BT: Aerospace and electronic Radio navigation systems Navigation Air transportation RT: Aircraft BT: Transportation Course correction RT: Air traffic control Global Positioning System Aircraft propulsion NT: Aircraft UF: Aircraft engines Airports BT: Aerospace and electronic systems Air-gap Propulsion USE: Air gaps RT: Aircraft Engines Airborne radar Jet engines BT: Radar Turbines RT: Synthetic aperture radar NT: Propellers

Aircraft Airfoils BT: Air transportation USE: Automotive components RT: Aerospace control Aerospace electronics Airplanes Aircraft manufacture BT: Aircraft Aircraft navigation Aircraft propulsion Airports Ground support BT: Air transportation Military aircraft Propellers Al NT: Airplanes USE: Aluminum Helicopters Al2O3 Aircraft control USE: Aluminum oxide USE: Aerospace control Alarm systems Aircraft electronics UF: Warning systems USE: Aerospace electronics BT: Security RT: Monitoring Aircraft engines Safety USE: Aircraft propulsion Safety devices NT: Smoke detectors Aircraft instrumentation USE: Aerospace electronics Alcoholic beverages BT: Ethanol Aircraft manufacture BT: Aerospace and electronic Alcoholism systems BT: Diseases RT: Aerospace industry Aerospace materials Algae This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 15 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Organisms Dynamic programming Filtering algorithms Algebra Genetic algorithms BT: Mathematics Heuristic algorithms RT: Nonlinear equations Inference algorithms NT: Abstract algebra MLFMA Boolean algebra Machine learning Linear algebra algorithms Set theory Matching pursuit algorithms Maximum likelihood Algorithm design and analysis detection BT: Algorithms Multicast algorithms Parallel algorithms Algorithm design and anlaysis Partitioning algorithms BT: Mathematics Prediction algorithms NT: Algorithmic efficiency Projection algorithms Pursuit algorithms Algorithmic efficiency Signal processing BT: Algorithm design and algorithms anlaysis Software algorithms RT: Computational complexity Viterbi algorithm Software performance Software quality All optical networks USE: All-optical networks Algorithms UF: Subroutines All-optical networks BT: Mathematics UF: All optical networks RT: Biometrics (access control) BT: Optical fiber networks Ciphers Cyclic redundancy check Allocation Huffman coding USE: Resource management Linear programming Maximum likelihood Alloying decoding BT: Metals Model checking RT: Aluminum alloys Numerical stability Aluminum compounds Random processes Barium compounds Software Bismuth compounds Software libraries Calcium Stability analysis Cobalt NT: Adaptive algorithms Cobalt alloys Algorithm design and Copper alloys analysis Gallium alloys Approximation algorithms Gallium compounds Backpropagation algorithms Germanium alloys Basis algorithms Gold alloys Change detection Hafnium compounds algorithms Indium compounds Classification algorithms Iron alloys Clustering algorithms Lithium Compression algorithms Lithium compounds Density estimation robust Neodymium alloys algorithm Nickel alloys Detection algorithms Niobium alloys Distributed algorithms Platinum alloys This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 16 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Silicon alloys Metals Strontium compounds NT: Aluminum alloys Tin alloys Aluminum compounds Titanium alloys Yttrium compounds Aluminum alloys NT: Intermetallic UF: Aluminium alloys Shape memory alloys BT: Aluminum RT: Alloying Alloys USE: Metals Aluminum compounds UF: Aluminium compounds Alpha particles BT: Aluminum BT: Nuclear physics RT: Alloying RT: Ions NT: Aluminum gallium nitride Aluminum nitride Alphavoltaic power sources Aluminum oxide USE: Radioactive materials Aluminum gallium nitride Alternating current generators BT: Aluminum compounds USE: AC generators Gallium compounds RT: III-V semiconductor Alternating current machines materials USE: AC machines Transistors

Alternating current motors Aluminum industry USE: AC motors USE: Metals industry

Alternators Aluminum nitride BT: Electric machines BT: Aluminum compounds RT: Synchronous generators Aluminum oxide Altimetry UF: Al2O3 BT: Pressure measurement Aluminium oxide RT: Atmospheric BT: Aluminum compounds measurements RT: Ceramics

Aluminium Alzheimer's disease USE: Aluminum BT: Dementia RT: Gerontology Aluminium alloys Hippocampus USE: Aluminum alloys Ambient assisted living Aluminium compounds UF: AAL USE: Aluminum compounds BT: Assisted living Information and Aluminium industry communication technology USE: Metals industry RT: Aging Assistive devices Aluminium oxide USE: Aluminum oxide Ambient intelligence BT: Consumer electronics Aluminum Telecommunications UF: Al RT: Intelligent systems Aluminium Internet of Things BT: Chemical elements Ubiquitous computing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 17 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

User interfaces Amorphous materials BT: Materials Ambient networks NT: Diamond-like carbon UF: AN Project Glass BT: Mobile communication RT: 3G mobile communication Amorphous semiconductors BT: Semiconductor materials Amblyopia RT: Silicon USE: Vision defects Thin film devices

Ambulatory surgery Amorphous silicon BT: Surgery BT: Silicon

American Express Amperometric sensors USE: Credit cards BT: Electrochemical devices Gas detectors American National Institute of Standads USE: ANSI Amplifiers BT: Signal processing American Standards Institute RT: Frequency response USE: ASA Klystrons Optical fiber amplifiers Americium Rail to rail amplifiers BT: Chemical elements Rail to rail operation NT: Broadband amplifiers Amino acids Differential amplifiers BT: Biochemistry Distributed amplifiers Low-noise amplifiers AMLCDs Operational amplifiers USE: Active matrix liquid crystal Power amplifiers displays Preamplifiers Pulse amplifiers Ammeters Radiofrequency amplifiers BT: Electric variables Resonators measurement RT: Current measurement Amplify-and-forward cooperative communication USE: Cooperative communication Amniocentesis BT: Medical tests Amplitude estimation RT: Genetics BT: Parameter estimation Ultrasonic imaging RT: Reflection coefficient NT: Amniotic fluid Birth disorders Amplitude modulation BT: Modulation Amniotic fluid RT: Demodulation BT: Amniocentesis Intensity modulation Fluids and secretions NT: Amplitude shift keying Quadrature amplitude AMOLEDs modulation USE: Active matrix organic light emitting diodes Amplitude shift keying UF: ASK Amorphous magnetic materials BT: Amplitude modulation BT: Magnetic materials AN Project This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 18 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Ambient networks Application specific integrated circuits Anaesthesia Mixed analog digital USE: Anesthesia integrated circuits Signal processing Analog circuits BT: Circuits Analog to digital conversion RT: Microwave circuits USE: Analog-digital conversion Millimeter wave circuits Neuromorphics Analog to digital converter Submillimeter wave circuits USE: Analog-digital conversion Switched capacitor networks Analog TV UHF circuits BT: Digital TV VHF circuits NT: Analog integrated circuits Analog-digital Analog processing circuits USE: Analog-digital conversion

Analog CMOS integrated circuits Analog-digital conversion USE: CMOS analog integrated UF: A/D circuits A/D conversion A/D converter Analog computers Analog to digital conversion BT: Computers Analog to digital converter RT: Summing circuits Analog-digital Analog-to-digital conversion Analog integrated circuits Analog-to-digital converter UF: Analogue integrated circuits Analogue-digital conversion Linear integrated circuits Analogue-digital converters BT: Analog circuits BT: Data conversion Integrated circuits RT: Data acquisition RT: Analog processing circuits Quantization (signal) MMICs NT: Delta modulation Microwave integrated circuits Analog-digital integrated circuits Millimeter wave integrated UF: Minimum analog-digital circuits integrated circuits Neural network hardware BT: Integrated circuits Submillimeter wave integrated circuits Analog-to-digital conversion UHF integrated circuits USE: Analog-digital conversion NT: CMOS analog integrated circuits Analog-to-digital converter Field programmable analog USE: AC-DC power converters arrays AND Analog-digital conversion Analog memory BT: Memory Analog-to-digital convertor RT: Analog processing circuits USE: AC-DC power converters

Analog processing circuits Analogue CMOS integrated circuits BT: Analog circuits USE: CMOS analog integrated RT: Analog integrated circuits circuits Analog memory Analogue integrated circuits This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 19 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Analog integrated circuits BT: Test facilities RT: Acoustic measurements Analogue-digital conversion Antenna measurements USE: Analog-digital conversion Electromagnetic measurements Analogue-digital converters Immunity testing USE: Analog-digital conversion TEM cells

Analysis of variance Anemometers UF: ANOVA USE: Fluid flow measurement BT: Statistical analysis Anesthesia Analytic hierarchy process UF: Anaesthesia BT: Decision making Anesthesiology RT: Management BT: Medical treatment Strategic planning NT: Anesthetic drugs

Analytical models Anesthesiology BT: Modeling USE: Anesthesia RT: Neuroinformatics NT: Common Information Model Anesthetic drugs (computing) BT: Anesthesia

Anatomical structure Aneurism BT: Medical diagnostic imaging USE: Aneurysm

Anatomy Aneurysm BT: Biological systems UF: Aneurism NT: Auditory system BT: Medical conditions Biological tissues Body regions Angiocardiography Cardiovascular system BT: Biomedical imaging Circulatory system RT: Biomedical applications of Digestive system radiation Embryonic structures Endocrine system Angiography Fluids and secretions UF: Arteriography Human anatomy BT: Biomedical imaging Immune system Integumentary system Angioplasty Lymphatic system BT: Medical treatment Musculoskeletal system Nervous system Angular velocity Neuroanatomy BT: Mechanical variables Respiratory system measurement Sense organs RT: Velocity control Stomatognathic system Velocity measurement Urogenital system Angular velocity control Androids BT: Velocity control BT: Robots RT: Human factors Animal behavior Man-machine systems BT: Behavioral sciences

Anechoic chambers Animal structures This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 20 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Animals Anisotropic NT: Beak magnetoresistance sensors Feathers Anisotropic material Tail Anisotropic processing Anisotropically Animals Anisotropy BT: Organisms BT: Magnetoresistance Zoology RT: Agriculture Anisotropic magnetoresistance sensors Biological systems USE: Anisotropic Life sciences magnetoresistance NT: Animal structures Birds Anisotropic material Bovine USE: Anisotropic Cats magnetoresistance Dinosaurs Dogs Anisotropic processing Horses USE: Anisotropic Insects magnetoresistance Marine animals Mice Anisotropically Rabbits USE: Anisotropic Rats magnetoresistance Rodents Wildlife Anisotropy USE: Anisotropic Animation magnetoresistance UF: Computer animation BT: Graphics Annealing RT: Computer graphics UF: Annealing temperature Image generation BT: Heat treatment Visual effects Materials processing Visualization RT: Simulated annealing NT: Facial animation Softening Thermal factors Animatronics NT: Rapid thermal annealing BT: Robotics and automation Annealing temperature Anisotropic USE: Annealing BT: Filters Announcements Anisotropic conductive films USE: IEEE news BT: Conductive films Anodes Anisotropic diffusion BT: Electrodes USE: Anisotropic RT: Electron tubes magnetoresistance Anomaly detection Anisotropic effects UF: Outlier detection USE: Anisotropic BT: Data mining magnetoresistance ANOVA Anisotropic magnetoresistance USE: Analysis of variance UF: Anisotropic diffusion Anisotropic effects ANSI This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 21 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: American National Institute Electromagnetic of Standads measurements BT: Standards organizations RT: ASA Antenna phased arrays USE: Phased arrays ANSI Standards BT: Standards publications Antenna radiation patterns RT: ASA Standards UF: Radiation pattern IEEE Standards BT: Antennas ISO Standards RT: Antenna theory NT: National electric code NT: Near-field radiation pattern

Ant colony optimization Antenna theory BT: Probability BT: Antennas RT: Graph theory RT: Antenna radiation patterns Current distribution Antarctica Mode matching methods BT: Geoscience NT: Frequency selective NT: South Pole surfaces

Antenna accessories Antennas UF: Antenna components BT: Antennas and propagation BT: Antennas RT: Antenna feeds NT: Radomes Antenna measurements Beam steering Antenna arrays Butler matrices UF: Distributed antennas Fractals BT: Antennas IEEE 802.11n Standard RT: Broadband antennas Microstrip antenna arrays SIMO communication Radio communication SISO communication equipment NT: Adaptive arrays Spatial diversity Butler matrices Waveguide theory Linear antenna arrays NT: Antenna accessories Log periodic antennas Antenna arrays Microstrip antenna arrays Antenna radiation patterns Microwave antenna arrays Antenna theory Phased arrays Apertures Planar arrays Broadband antennas Dielectric resonator Antenna components antennas USE: Antenna accessories Dipole antennas Directional antennas Antenna diversity Directive antennas USE: Spatial diversity Feeds Fractal antennas Antenna feeds Helical antennas BT: Feeds Horn antennas RT: Antennas Leaky wave antennas Aperture coupled antennas Loaded antennas Log-periodic dipole Antenna measurements antennas BT: Measurement Microstrip antennas RT: Anechoic chambers Microwave antennas Antennas Mobile antennas This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 22 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Multifrequency antennas BT: Antibiotics Omnidirectional antennas Patch antennas Anti-virus software Radar antennas BT: Software Receiving antennas RT: Computer viruses Rectennas Countermeasures Reflector antennas (computer) Satellite antennas Malware Slot antennas Security Transmission line antennas Transmitting antennas Antibacterial UHF antennas USE: Antibacterial activity Yagi-Uda antennas Antibacterial activity Antennas and propagation UF: Anti-bacterial RT: Communication systems Antibacterial Communications BT: Antibiotics technology Signal processing Antibiotics NT: Antennas UF: Anti-biotics Electromagnetic BT: Drugs propagation NT: Anti-fungal Radio astronomy Anti-parasitical Antibacterial activity Anthropometry BT: Measurement Antidepressants RT: Biomechanics BT: Drugs Biomedical measurement Ergonomics Antiderivatives Human factors USE: Integral equations

Anthropomorphism Antiferroelectric materials BT: Human factors USE: Dielectric materials

Anti freeze Antiferromagnetic materials USE: Anti-freeze BT: Magnetic materials

Anti-bacterial Antifreeze USE: Antibacterial activity USE: Anti-freeze

Anti-biotics Antifreeze materials USE: Antibiotics USE: Coolants

Anti-freeze Antifungal UF: Anti freeze USE: Anti-fungal Antifreeze BT: Chemical compounds Antimony RT: Methanol BT: Chemical elements

Anti-fungal Antiparasitical UF: Antifungal USE: Anti-parasitical BT: Antibiotics AODV Anti-parasitical UF: Ad hoc On Demand UF: Antiparasitical Distance Vector This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 23 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Ad hoc networks NT: System-on-chip Wireless networks Application specific processors APDs BT: Program processors USE: Avalanche photodiodes Application virtualization Aperture antennas UF: Cross platform virtualization BT: Apertures Cross-platform virtualization RT: Aperture coupled antennas BT: Computer applications Reflector antennas RT: Emulation Network function Aperture coupled antennas virtualization BT: Apertures Simulation RT: Antenna feeds NT: Edge computing Aperture antennas Microstrip antenna arrays Applicators Microstrip antennas BT: Production equipment RT: Agricultural machinery Apertures Labeling BT: Antennas RT: Couplers Appraisal NT: Aperture antennas BT: Human resource Aperture coupled antennas management RT: Incentive schemes Appearance matching Personnel USE: Image matching Appropriate technology Appliances BT: Technology USE: Home appliances RT: Microhydro power Picohydro power Application programming interfaces UF: Mobile application Approximate computing development BT: Computers and information BT: Computer interfaces processing RT: Software defined networking Approximation algorithms NT: WebRTC BT: Algorithms

Application security Approximation error BT: Computer security BT: Approximation methods

Application software Approximation methods BT: Software UF: Approximation theory BT: Numerical analysis Application specific integrated circuits RT: Least squares UF: ASIC approximation Custom integrated circuits Minimization methods Semicustom integrated Signal representation circuits NT: Approximation error BT: Circuits Chebyshev approximation Integrated circuits Curve fitting RT: Analog processing circuits Extrapolation CMOS logic circuits Function approximation Field programmable analog Interpolation arrays Linear approximation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 24 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Mean square error methods Architecture description languages Perturbation methods UF: Architectural description languages Approximation theory BT: Computer languages USE: Approximation methods Arctic Aquaculture BT: Geoscience UF: Fisheries NT: North Pole BT: Agriculture RT: Marine animals Area measurement BT: Measurement Aquatic robots RT: Size measurement UF: Swimming robots BT: Robots Argon UF: Ar Aquatic vehicles BT: Gases USE: Underwater vehicles Arithmetic Ar BT: Mathematics USE: Argon NT: Digital arithmetic Fixed-point arithmetic Arc discharges Floating-point arithmetic UF: Arc flash Arc-flash Armature BT: Dielectric breakdown BT: Electromechanical devices RT: Electrostatic discharges High intensity discharge Armpit lamps USE: Axilla Light sources Plasmas Arms BT: Extremities Arc flash NT: Wrist USE: Arc discharges Arms (robotic) Arc lamps USE: Manipulators USE: Lighting ARPANET Arc-flash UF: Advanced Research USE: Arc discharges Projects Agency Network DARPANET Archaea BT: Communication systems BT: Organisms RT: Internet Packet switching Architectural description languages USE: Architecture description ARQ languages USE: Automatic repeat request

Architecture Array BT: Industries USE: Arrays RT: Buildings Structural engineering Array processing USE: Arrays AND Architecture (computer) Parallel processing USE: Computer architecture Array signal processing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 25 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Beamforming USE: Blood pressure BT: Signal processing RT: Acoustic arrays Arterial wall structures Acoustic transducers USE: Arteries Adaptive arrays Blind source separation Arterial walls Direction-of-arrival USE: Arteries estimation Signal resolution Arteries Source separation UF: Arterial wall structures Time of arrival estimation Arterial walls Artery Arrayed waveguide gratings BT: Blood vessels UF: AWG device NT: Arterial blood circulation BT: Optical waveguides Arterial blood pressure RT: Demultiplexing Arterial occlusion Integrated optics Carotid arteries Multiplexing Arteriography Arrays USE: Angiography UF: Array Array processing Arteriosclerosis BT: Data structures BT: Diseases NT: Sensor arrays NT: Atherosclerosis Coronary arteriosclerosis Arresters BT: Surge protection Artery RT: Power system protection USE: Arteries Power system transients Varistors Arthritis BT: Diseases Arsenic BT: Chemical elements Artificial biological organs NT: Arsenic compounds UF: Artificial organs BT: Prosthetics Arsenic compounds RT: Biological systems BT: Arsenic NT: Artificial heart Artificial limbs Art BT: Graphics Artificial fibers RT: Computer graphics USE: Synthetic fibers Layout NT: Digital art Artificial fibres Fractal art USE: Synthetic fibers

Arterial blood circulation Artificial heart BT: Arteries BT: Artificial biological organs

Arterial blood pressure Artificial immune systems BT: Arteries BT: Immune system

Arterial occlusion Artificial intelligence BT: Arteries UF: AI BT: Computational and artificial Arterial pressure intelligence This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 26 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Autonomous automobiles Autonomous vehicles Artificial satellites Computational intelligence BT: Aerospace engineering Data mining RT: Satellite communication Feedforward neural Satellites networks Space technology Independent component Space vehicles analysis NT: Earth Observing System Minimax techniques Low earth orbit satellites Natural languages Military satellites Neural networks Space stations Neurocontrollers Pervasive computing ASA Posthuman UF: American Standards Prediction theory Institute Radial basis function BT: Standards organizations networks RT: ANSI Robot learning Semantic Web ASA Standards Software agents BT: Standards publications Support vector machines RT: ANSI Standards Synapses NT: Affective computing Ash Autonomous robots BT: Industrial waste Cognitive systems RT: Air pollution Context awareness Exhaust gases Cooperative systems Incineration Decision support systems Volcanic ash Intelligent systems NT: Fly ash Knowledge based systems Knowledge engineering Asia Learning (artificial BT: Continents intelligence) Learning systems ASIC Machine learning USE: Application specific Prediction methods integrated circuits Virtual artifact ASK Artificial limbs USE: Amplitude shift keying BT: Artificial biological organs Prosthetics Ask IEEE BT: Document delivery Artificial neural networks Information services BT: Neural networks RT: Mathematical model Asphalt Neuromorphic engineering UF: Bitumen Synapses BT: Building materials NT: Convolutional neural networks Asphyxia Hebbian theory BT: Death Self-organizing feature maps Aspirin BT: Drugs Artificial organs USE: Artificial biological organs ASR This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 27 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Automatic speech Assistive technology recognition UF: Aids for the handicapped Assitive devices Assemblers (program) Handicapped aids USE: Program processors BT: Biomedical equipment RT: Communication aids Assembly Gaze tracking BT: Manufacturing Gerontechnology RT: Assembly systems Medical control systems Manipulators Orthotics Manufacturing automation Prosthetics NT: Fitting Sensory aids Microassembly Sign language Preforms NT: Assistive devices Soldering Wheelchairs

Assembly robots Assitive devices USE: Robotic assembly USE: Assistive technology

Assembly systems Association rules BT: Industrial electronics BT: Data mining Manufacturing Production systems Associative memory RT: Assembly UF: Content addressable Fitting memory Industrial control BT: Memory Manipulators RT: Neural networks Manufacturing automation Mobile robots Associative processing Robots BT: Data processing NT: Flexible electronics RT: Computers and information Robotic assembly processing

Asset management Astatine UF: Asset-management BT: Chemical elements BT: Management NT: Public infrastructure Asthma USE: Respiratory system Asset-management USE: Asset management Astrochemistry UF: Planetary chemistry Assisted living BT: Chemistry BT: Medical services RT: Aging Astronomy Geriatrics BT: Science - general Senior citizens RT: Extraterrestrial NT: Ambient assisted living measurements Gamma-ray detectors Assistive devices Telescopes BT: Assistive technology NT: Astrophysics RT: Ambient assisted living Extrasolar planets Observatories Assistive robotics Radio astronomy USE: Rehabilitation robotics Solar system

Astrophysics BT: Atmosphere BT: Astronomy Modeling Physics RT: Gravity measurement Atmospheric sintering NT: Orbits USE: Materials preparation Stellar dynamics Atmospheric waves Asymptotic stability BT: Atmosphere BT: System analysis and design Waves RT: Discrete-time systems Stability Atmospheric-pressure plasmas BT: Plasmas Asynchronous circuits BT: Circuits Atom lasers UF: Single atom lasers Asynchronous communication BT: Lasers BT: Data communication RT: Atom optics RT: Web services Atomic beams Gas lasers Asynchronous transfer mode BT: Data communication Atom optics Protocols UF: Atomic optics RT: B-ISDN BT: Particle beam optics Broadband communication RT: Atom lasers ISDN Atomic beams Multiprotocol label switching Atomic batteries SONET UF: Nuclear batteries Tritium batteries Atherosclerosis BT: Energy conversion BT: Arteriosclerosis Nuclear power generation NT: Radioisotope thermoelectric Atmosphere generators BT: Geoscience RT: Atmospheric Atomic beams measurements BT: Particle beams Meteorology RT: Atom lasers NT: Air quality Atom optics Atmospheric modeling Atmospheric waves Atomic clocks UF: Atomic frequency standards Atmospheric measurements BT: Clocks BT: Measurement RT: Frequency measurement RT: Air pollution International Atomic Time Air quality Masers Altimetry Atmosphere Atomic force microscopy Geophysical measurements BT: Microscopy Global warming RT: Casimir effect Meteorology Magnetic force microscopy Pressure gauges Nanotechnology Remote sensing Scanning microwave Terrestrial atmosphere microscopy

Atmospheric modeling Atomic frequency standards This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 29 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Atomic clocks ATV Atomic lasers USE: HDTV USE: Gas lasers Au Atomic layer deposition USE: Gold BT: Chemical vapor deposition Audible noise Atomic measurements USE: Acoustic noise BT: Measurement RT: Nuclear measurements Audio coding Radiation detectors BT: Encoding Spectroscopy Information theory RT: MPEG 7 Standard Atomic optics Rate distortion theory USE: Atom optics Speech coding

ATPG Audio compression USE: Automatic test pattern BT: Data compression generation Audio databases Atrial fibrillation BT: Database systems BT: Fibrillation RT: File systems Multimedia databases Atrophy BT: Medical conditions Audio enhancement USE: Acoustic signal processing Attenuation AND UF: Acoustic wave attenuation Noise reduction Electromagnetic wave attenuation Audio recording Light attenuation BT: Recording BT: Propagation RT: Attenuation measurement Audio restoration Attenuators USE: Acoustic noise Diagnostic radiography Insertion loss Audio systems UF: Phonographs Attenuation measurement Sound systems BT: Electric variables Stereophonic systems measurement BT: Consumer electronics RT: Attenuation RT: Digital audio broadcasting Loss measurement Music NT: Audio tapes Attenuators Audio-visual systems BT: Signal processing Auditory displays RT: Attenuation Headphones NT: Optical attenuators Loudspeakers Microphones Attitude control Pitch control (audio) BT: Aerospace control Portable media players RT: Position control Sonification

Attitude determination Audio tapes USE: Position measurement BT: Audio systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 30 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Audio user interfaces Augmented virtuality UF: Auditory icons BT: Virtual reality BT: User interfaces RT: Multimedia computing Austenite UF: Gamma phase iron Audio visual systems BT: Iron alloys USE: Audio-visual systems RT: Materials science and technology Audio watermarking Smart materials USE: Watermarking Australia Audio-visual instructional aids BT: Continents USE: Educational technology Authentication Audio-visual systems BT: Computer security UF: Audio visual systems RT: CAPTCHAs Audiovisual systems Image processing BT: Audio systems Interactive systems RT: Educational technology Multi-factor authentication Password Audiovisual systems Video signal processing USE: Audio-visual systems Authoring systems Auditory displays BT: Software tools BT: Audio systems RT: Computer aided instruction Communication equipment Courseware RT: Aerospace and electronic Multimedia systems systems Web design Communication aids Authorisation Auditory icons USE: Authorization USE: Audio user interfaces Authorization Auditory implants UF: Authorisation UF: Auditory midbrain implants BT: Access control BT: Implants RT: Privacy

Auditory midbrain implants Autism USE: Auditory implants BT: Medical conditions

Auditory system Autobiographies UF: Hearing UF: Memoirs BT: Anatomy BT: Biographies RT: Biomedical acoustics Head Autocorrelation Hearing aids BT: Correlation Psychoacoustics RT: Signal analysis NT: Psychoacoustic models Time series analysis

Augmented reality Automata BT: Programming UF: Finite state machines Virtual reality BT: Robots RT: Extended reality RT: Cognitive systems Network slicing Cybernetics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 31 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Intelligent systems Automatic protection switching NT: Turing machines USE: Protection switching

Automated guided vehicles Automatic repeat request USE: Autonomous vehicles UF: ARQ BT: Feedback communications Automated highways BT: Automation Automatic speech recognition Intelligent transportation UF: ASR systems BT: Speech recognition RT: Road safety Smart transportation Automatic test equipment BT: Test equipment Automated indexing RT: Automatic testing USE: Machine assisted indexing Automatic Test Markup Language Automated storage and retrieval systems USE: XML USE: Storage automation Automatic test pattern generation Automatic control UF: ATPG BT: Control systems BT: Automatic testing NT: Power generation control RT: Design automation NT: Test pattern generators Automatic frequency control BT: Frequency control Automatic testing UF: Self testing Automatic gain control BT: Automation USE: Gain control Testing RT: Automatic test equipment Automatic generation control Maintenance engineering BT: Automation NT: Automatic test pattern Control systems generation Power generation Ring generators

Automatic indexing Automatic voltage control USE: Machine assisted indexing UF: AVC BT: Voltage control Automatic logic units RT: Voltage BT: Microprocessors Voltage measurement

Automatic meter reading Automation BT: Meter reading BT: Robotics and automation RT: Flowmeters RT: Bagging Smart meters Biometrics (access control) Flash memories Automatic optical inspection Home automation BT: Inspection Information technology RT: Machine vision Substation automation Manufacturing automation ZigBee Pattern recognition NT: Automated highways Automatic generation Automatic programming control UF: Program generators Automatic testing BT: Programming Building automation Manufacturing automation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 32 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Office automation Camshafts Storage automation Gears Vehicular automation Hoses Internal combustion Automobile engineering engines USE: Automotive engineering Shock absorbers Steering systems Automobile manufacture Suspensions BT: Manufacturing systems Tires RT: Automobiles Torque converters Automotive components Wheels Automotive engineering Automotive materials Automotive electronics Die casting BT: Automotive engineering Engines Tires Automotive engineering Wheels UF: Automobile engineering Automotive Automobile materials BT: Vehicular and wireless USE: Automotive materials technologies RT: Automobile manufacture Automobile parts Automobiles USE: Automotive components Automotive components Diesel engines Automobiles Road safety UF: Cars Wheels BT: Road vehicles NT: Automotive applications RT: Automobile manufacture Automotive electronics Automotive components Power steering Automotive engineering Vehicle crash testing Automotive materials Vehicle detection Vehicle driving Automotive Vehicle dynamics USE: Automotive engineering Vehicle safety

Automotive applications Automotive materials BT: Automotive engineering UF: Automobile materials BT: Production materials Automotive components RT: Automobile manufacture UF: Air bags Automobiles Airfoils Automobile parts Autonomic nervous system Radiators (automotive) BT: Nervous system Starter motors (automotive) NT: Parasympathetic nervous Windscreen wipers system Windscreens Sympathetic nervous Windshield wipers system Windshields BT: Mechanical products Autonomic systems RT: Automobile manufacture BT: Network operating systems Automobiles Automotive engineering Autonomous aerial vehicles Axles BT: Unmanned autonomous Belts vehicles Brakes This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 33 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Autonomous agents Autonomous vehicles BT: Software agents UF: Automated guided vehicles Autonomous cars Autonomous automobiles Autonomous driving UF: Autonomous cars Autonomous trucks Driver free automobiles Unmanned autonomous Driver free cars vehicle Driver-free car BT: Autonomous systems Driverless automobiles Intelligent vehicles Driverless cars RT: Artificial intelligence Robot automobiles Mechatronics Robot cars Multi-agent systems Self-driving automobiles Vehicular automation Self-driving car NT: Unmanned autonomous BT: Intelligent transportation vehicles systems Mobile robots Autopsy RT: Artificial intelligence BT: Medical diagnosis RT: Pathology Autonomous cars USE: Autonomous automobiles Autoregressive moving average models AND USE: Autoregressive processes Autonomous vehicles Autoregressive processes Autonomous driving UF: Autoregressive moving USE: Autonomous vehicles average models Box Jenkins models Autonomous mental development BT: Statistics BT: Computational and artificial RT: Noise intelligence Time series analysis

Autonomous navigation Auxetic materials USE: Autonomous robots UF: Auxetics BT: Materials Autonomous robots UF: Autonomous navigation Auxetics BT: Artificial intelligence USE: Auxetic materials Autonomous systems Robots Auxiliary transmitters RT: Cognitive robotics BT: Transmitters Intelligent robots Availability Autonomous systems UF: System availability BT: Intelligent systems BT: Reliability Robotics and automation RT: Maintenance engineering NT: Autonomous robots Autonomous vehicles Avalanche breakdown BT: Electric breakdown Autonomous trucks USE: Autonomous vehicles Avalanche photodiodes UF: APDs Autonomous underwater vehicles BT: Photodiodes USE: Underwater autonomous RT: Optical fiber communication vehicles Photomultipliers

Avatars BT: Graphical user interfaces Azimuthal current Virtual reality BT: Azimuth

AVC Azimuthal harmonics USE: Automatic voltage control BT: Azimuth

Avionics Azimuthal plane USE: Aerospace electronics BT: Azimuth

Awards Azobenzene BT: IEEE indexing BT: Polymers RT: Smart materials AWG device USE: Arrayed waveguide gratings B-ISDN UF: Broadband ISDN AWGN BT: Broadband communication BT: Additive noise ISDN Gaussian noise RT: Asynchronous transfer White noise mode Data communication AWGN channels Frame relay BT: Gaussian channels Image communication RT: Intersymbol interference Multimedia communication White noise B-Spline Axilla USE: Splines (mathematics) UF: Armpit Underarm Ba BT: Shoulder USE: Barium

Axles Babies BT: Mechanical products USE: Pediatrics RT: Automotive components Wheels Baby USE: Pediatrics Axons BT: Nerve fibers Back RT: Action potentials BT: Body regions Myelin White matter Background noise BT: Acoustic noise Azimuth BT: Mathematics Backplanes NT: Azimuthal angle BT: Data buses Azimuthal component Azimuthal current Backpropagation Azimuthal harmonics UF: Backward propagation Azimuthal plane Backwards propagation of errors Azimuthal angle BT: Learning systems BT: Azimuth RT: Backpropagation algorithms Neural networks Azimuthal component BT: Azimuth Backpropagation algorithms This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 35 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Algorithms RT: Backpropagation Ballistic transport BT: Electron emission Backscatter NT: Electronic ballasts BT: Reflection RT: Meteorological radar Baluns BT: Electromagnetic devices Backscattering Impedance matching USE: Scattering Microwave technology Transformers Backstepping RT: Transmission lines BT: Control nonlinearities Band gap Backward propagation USE: Photonic band gap USE: Backpropagation Band pass filters Backwards propagation of errors USE: Band-pass filters USE: Backpropagation Band-gap Bacteria USE: Photonic band gap USE: Microorganisms Band-pass filters Bacterial content UF: BPF USE: Microorganisms Band pass filters Bandpass filters Bacterial infections BT: Active filters BT: Diseases RT: Frequency Signal processing Bagging NT: Filter banks BT: Packaging RT: Automation Band-stop filters Packaging machines USE: Notch filters Plastic packaging Bandgap Ball bearings USE: Photonic band gap BT: Machinery RT: Mechanical bearings Bandpass filters Metal products USE: Band-pass filters Rolling bearings Bandwidth Ball grid arrays BT: Frequency USE: Electronics packaging RT: Admission control Computer network Ball milling management BT: Production Direct sequence spread RT: Milling machines spectrum communication Information theory Ball screws Radio communication USE: Mechanical products Signal processing Spectral efficiency Ballasts Spectroscopy USE: Electronic ballasts NT: Narrowband Wideband Ballistic magnetoresistance BT: Magnetoresistance Bandwidth allocation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 36 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Channel allocation Basal ganglia Bandwidth efficiency BT: Brain USE: Spectral efficiency Base stations Bang bang control BT: Radio communication USE: Bang-bang control equipment RT: Device-to-device Bang-bang control communication UF: Bang bang control Femtocell networks BT: Optimal control NT: Femtocells RT: Time factors Baseband Banking BT: Digital communication BT: Industries Radio communication RT: Finance RT: Passband NT: Online banking Basis algorithms Bankruptcy BT: Algorithms BT: Finance RT: Business Batch manufacturing Commercial law USE: Batch production systems Economics Batch processing Bar codes USE: Batch production systems UF: QR codes BT: Optical detectors Batch production systems Product codes UF: Batch manufacturing RT: Internet of Things Batch processing Inventory management BT: Manufacturing systems

Barges Batteries USE: Boats UF: Flow batteries Secondary cells Barium Storage batteries UF: Ba Storage battery BT: Metals BT: Electrochemical devices NT: Barium compounds Energy conversion Energy storage Barium compounds RT: Battery charge BT: Barium measurement RT: Alloying Battery chargers Yttrium barium copper Emergency power supplies oxide Lithium Lithium compounds Baroreceptor reflex Power generation USE: Baroreflex Uninterruptible power systems Baroreflex NT: Lead acid batteries UF: Baroreceptor reflex Lithium batteries BT: Cardiovascular system Lithium-ion batteries Nickel cadmium batteries Bars Solid state batteries BT: Structural shapes NT: Billets Battery charge measurement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 37 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Charge measurement RT: Batteries Bayesian methods Battery chargers USE: Bayes methods Battery powered vehicles Bayesian networks Battery chargers USE: Bayes methods UF: Charging devices Device chargers Beak BT: Power supplies BT: Animal structures RT: Batteries RT: Birds Battery charge measurement Beam steering Charging stations BT: Microwave technology NT: Electric vehicle charging RT: Antennas State of charge Beamforming Battery management systems USE: Array signal processing BT: Electrochemical devices Beams Battery powered vehicles UF: Electromagnetic beams BT: Electric vehicles BT: Physics RT: Battery charge NT: Acoustic beams measurement Laser beams Energy storage Molecular beams Hybrid electric vehicles Optical beams Solar powered vehicles Particle beams Traction motors Vehicle-to-grid Bean model UF: Pry and Bean model Bayes methods BT: Superconductivity UF: Bayesian approach Bayesian belief networks Bearing estimation Bayesian estimation USE: Direction-of-arrival Bayesian inference estimation Bayesian learning Bayesian methods Behavioral sciences Bayesian networks BT: Systems, man, and BT: Probability cybernetics RT: Belief propagation RT: Affective computing NT: Recursive estimation Cyberethics Emotion recognition Bayesian approach Ergonomics USE: Bayes methods Human factors Medical services Bayesian belief networks Persuasive systems USE: Bayes methods Social computing System dynamics Bayesian estimation NT: Animal behavior USE: Bayes methods Cognition Consumer behavior Bayesian inference Psychiatry USE: Bayes methods Psychology Social intelligence Bayesian learning USE: Bayes methods Belief propagation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 38 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Iterative algorithms BT: Waves RT: Bayes methods BERT Bellows USE: Bit error rate BT: Mechanical products RT: Pistons Beryllium Pneumatic systems BT: Chemical elements Pumps Vacuum systems Bespoke production USE: Job production systems Belts UF: Cambelts Best practices Seat belts BT: Management BT: Machine components Quality assurance Machinery RT: Business communication RT: Automotive components Camshafts Beta rays Fasteners BT: Nuclear physics RT: Electrons Benchmark problems USE: Benchmark testing Betavoltaic power sources USE: Radioactive materials Benchmark tasks USE: Benchmark testing Bevel gears USE: Gears Benchmark testing UF: Benchmark problems Beverage industry Benchmark tasks BT: Industries Benchmarking RT: Bottling BT: Testing Food industry RT: Performance evaluation BI Benchmarking USE: Business intelligence USE: Benchmark testing Bi Benign masses USE: Bismuth USE: Benign tumors Bi-stable circuits Benign tumors USE: Bistable circuits UF: Benign masses BT: Tumors Bibliographies BT: Writing BER RT: Publishing USE: Bit error rate Bibliometrics BER analysis BT: Publishing USE: Bit error rate NT: Citation analysis

BER performance BiCMOS integrated circuits USE: Bit error rate UF: BiMOS integrated circuits BT: Bipolar transistor circuits Berkelium BT: Chemical elements Bicycles BT: Land vehicles Berry phase RT: Sports equipment This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 39 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Bidirectional communication Binary codes USE: Bidirectional control BT: Codes NT: Reflective binary codes Bidirectional control UF: Bidirectional Binary decision diagrams communication BT: Data structures Bidirectional reflectance BT: Control systems Binary phase shift keying UF: BPSK Bidirectional power flow Binary phase-shift keying BT: Power system control BT: Phase shift keying

Bidirectional reflectance Binary phase-shift keying USE: Bidirectional control USE: Binary phase shift keying

Bifurcation Binary search trees BT: Nonlinear equations BT: Binary trees RT: Chaos Binary sequences Big Data BT: Sequences BT: Data collection RT: Data handling Binary trees Data mining BT: Tree data structures Data storage systems NT: Binary search trees Information management Information processing Bio-MEMs Information retrieval USE: Biomedical Linked data microelectromechanical systems Neuroinformatics NoSQL databases Bio-nanotechnology NT: Big Data applications USE: Bionanotechnology

Big Data applications Bioacoustics BT: Big Data USE: Biomedical acoustics Computer applications RT: Cloud computing Bioceramics Data analysis BT: Biomedical materials Data systems RT: Ceramics industry Information analysis Prosthetics Information systems Biochemical analysis Bilinear systems BT: Biochemistry USE: Nonlinear systems Biochemistry Billets UF: Enzymes BT: Bars Hormones Metabolic networks Bills of materials Metabolism BT: Inventory management BT: Biology Materials requirements Chemistry planning RT: Biological cells Bioreactors BiMOS integrated circuits Cell signaling USE: BiCMOS integrated circuits Computational biochemistry This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 40 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Drugs Biogeography Molecular biophysics BT: Biodiversity Pharmaceutical technology Pharmaceuticals Biographies NT: Amino acids BT: Writing Biochemical analysis RT: Engineering profession Peptides NT: Autobiographies Proteins Receptor (biochemistry) Biohazards UF: Germ warfare Biocomputing BT: Hazards USE: Molecular computing RT: Chemical hazards Green products Biocontrol Medical treatment USE: Biological control systems Terrorism

Biocybernetics Bioimpedance USE: Cybernetics BT: Biomedical engineering Current Biodegradable materials RT: Blood flow BT: Biodegradation Bioinformatics Biodegradation BT: Engineering in medicine BT: Environmental and biology management RT: Biology RT: Waste management Biomedical informatics NT: Biodegradable materials Computational biochemistry Computational biology Biodiversity Computational biophysics BT: Biology NT: Neuroinformatics NT: Biogeography Biological cells Bioelectric phenomena UF: Cell biology UF: Electrobiology Chromosomes BT: Biology BT: Biology RT: Brain RT: Biochemistry Electrical accidents Biological materials Electroencephalography Biomembranes Electromyography DNA Electrooculography Microorganisms Nervous system Self-assembly NT: Electric shock NT: Cell signaling Cells (biology) Bioelectric potentials Chromosome mapping USE: Action potentials Fibroblasts RNA Bioengineering Stem cells USE: Biomedical engineering Biological clocks Biofeedback USE: Chronobiology USE: Biological control systems Biological control systems Biofuels UF: Biocontrol BT: Fuels Biofeedback

BT: Systems, man, and USE: Biological systems cybernetics RT: Immune system Biological processes Legged locomotion BT: Biology Prosthetics NT: Biological interactions NT: Biomarkers Chronobiology Circadian rhythm Biological effects of protons Coagulation USE: Proton effects Molecular biology Symbiosis Biological effects of radiation UF: Biological radiation effects Biological radiation effects BT: Radiation effects USE: Biological effects of RT: Biomedical applications of radiation radiation Neutron capture therapy Biological sensors Occupational health USE: Biosensors Proton therapy Radiation protection Biological system modeling BT: Biology Biological EPR RT: Synthetic biology USE: Electron paramagnetic resonance Biological systematics USE: Systematics Biological information theory BT: Biology Biological systems Information theory UF: Biological organs RT: DNA Organs (biological) Genetic communication BT: Biology RT: Animals Biological interactions Artificial biological organs BT: Biological processes Biomedical engineering NT: Anatomy Biological macromolecules Molecular communication USE: Molecular biophysics Organisms

Biological markers Biological techniques USE: Biomarkers BT: Biomedical engineering RT: Biomedical equipment Biological materials BT: Materials Biological tissue RT: Biological cells USE: Biological tissues Biomedical materials Fats Biological tissues Tissue engineering UF: Biological tissue Tissues Biological membranes BT: Anatomy USE: Biomembranes NT: Bone tissue Breast tissue Biological neural networks Cardiac tissue UF: Neuronal networks Connective tissue BT: Neural networks Glands Neurophysiology Neoplasms

Biological organs Biology This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 42 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Engineering in medicine Biomarkers and biology UF: Biological markers Science - general Human disease markers RT: Bioinformatics BT: Biological control systems Computational biology Biomedical measurement Immune system NT: Molecular biomarkers Life sciences NT: Biochemistry Biomass Biodiversity BT: Renewable energy sources Bioelectric phenomena Biological cells Biomechanics Biological information BT: Mechanical factors theory RT: Anthropometry Biological processes Cell signaling Biological system modeling Biological systems Biomechatronics Biology computing BT: Mechatronics Biophotonics Biophysics Biomedical acoustics Cryobiology UF: Bioacoustics Evolution (biology) Biomedical ultrasonics Genetics BT: Acoustics Homeostasis RT: Acoustic applications Microinjection Acoustic measurements Nanobioscience Auditory system Physiology Predator prey systems Biomedical applications of electromagnetic Synthetic biology radiation Systematics USE: Biomedical applications of Systems biology radiation Vegetation Zoology Biomedical applications of radiation UF: Biomedical applications of Biology computing electromagnetic radiation BT: Biology Radiation therapy RT: Biomedical computing BT: Biomedical engineering Computers and information Nuclear and plasma processing sciences RT: Angiocardiography Bioluminescence Biological effects of BT: Luminescence radiation Biomedical imaging Biomagnetics Cancer UF: Biomagnetism Collimators BT: Biophysics Computed tomography Magnetics Gamma-ray detectors RT: Biomedical engineering Medical treatment Magnetic fields Positron emission Magnetic materials tomography Magnetic particles Radiation effects NT: Magnetoencephalography Radiography Synchrotron radiation Biomagnetism USE: Biomagnetics Biomedical communication BT: Communication systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 43 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Engineering in medicine Biomedical signal and biology processing RT: Picture archiving and Biotechnology communication systems Cloning NT: Biomedical telemetry Drug delivery Telemedicine Neural engineering Protein engineering Biomedical computing Tissue engineering UF: Medical computing BT: Engineering in medicine Biomedical engineering education and biology BT: Engineering education RT: Biology computing RT: Biomedical engineering Biomedical signal processing Biomedical equipment Computer applications UF: Clinical equipment Picture archiving and Medical equipment communication systems BT: Engineering in medicine Signal processing and biology NT: Biomedical informatics RT: Biological techniques Medical expert systems Biomedical electronics Medical information Biomedical measurement systems Biomedical microelectromechanical systems Biomedical electrodes Collimators BT: Biomedical equipment Electrocardiography RT: Biomedical engineering Electroencephalography Biomedical measurement Insulin pumps Electrophysiology Medical control systems Medical robotics Biomedical electronics Molecular biophysics BT: Biomedical engineering Nanosensors RT: Biomedical equipment Needles Orthotics Biomedical engineering Prosthetics UF: Bioengineering Sensory aids BT: Engineering in medicine Speech synthesis and biology Surgery RT: Biological systems ZigBee Biomagnetics NT: Assistive technology Biomedical electrodes Biomedical electrodes Biomedical engineering Biomedical telemetry education Biomedical transducers Biomedical monitoring Catheters Biomedical optical imaging Cybercare Colloidal lithography Endoscopes Genetic communication Gerontechnology Genetic engineering Hypodermic needles Hospitals Implants Microfluidics Intracranial pressure Orthotics sensors NT: Bioimpedance Lithotriptors Biological techniques Medical instruments Biomedical applications of Pacemakers radiation Stethoscope Biomedical electronics Surgical instruments This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 44 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Informatics Biomedical image processing RT: Bioinformatics UF: Medical image processing BT: Biomedical signal Biomedical infrared imaging processing USE: Biomedical optical imaging RT: Biomedical imaging Biomedical optical imaging Biomedical instruments Functional magnetic USE: Biomedical measurement resonance imaging Magnetoencephalography Biomedical materials Subtraction techniques BT: Materials NT: Imaging phantoms RT: Biological materials Motion artifacts Diamond-like carbon Neuroimaging Molecular biophysics Radiographic image NT: Bioceramics enhancement Biomembranes Radiology Ultrasonography Biomedical measurement Whole body imaging UF: Biomedical instruments Biomedical measurements Biomedical imaging BT: Measurement UF: Biomedical X-ray imaging RT: Anthropometry Medical imaging Biomedical electrodes Tomosynthesis Biomedical equipment BT: Engineering in medicine Biosensors and biology NT: Biomarkers Imaging Biomedical monitoring RT: Biomedical applications of Electroencephalography radiation Electromyography Biomedical image Electrooculography processing Electrophysiology Data visualization Photoplethysmography Isosurfaces Reproducibility of results Medical diagnosis Sensitivity and specificity Molecular biophysics Picture archiving and Biomedical measurements communication systems USE: Biomedical measurement Radiation imaging Tomography Biomedical microelectromechanical systems Ultrasonic imaging UF: Bio-MEMs NT: Angiocardiography BT: Micromechanical devices Angiography RT: Biomedical equipment Biomedical optical imaging Cardiography Biomedical monitoring DICOM BT: Biomedical measurement Elastography RT: Biomedical engineering Encephalography Phonocardiography Mammography NT: Nanomedicine Medical diagnostic imaging Molecular imaging Biomedical MRI Phantoms USE: Magnetic resonance Photoacoustic imaging imaging

Biomedical informatics Biomedical optical imaging BT: Biomedical computing UF: Biomedical infrared imaging This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 45 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Biomedical imaging Gait recognition RT: Biomedical engineering Iris recognition Biomedical image Palmprint recognition processing Endoscopes Biomimetic materials Infrared imaging BT: Biomimetics Optical communication Smart materials equipment Optical devices Biomimetic microelectronics USE: Biomimetics Biomedical signal processing BT: Biomedical engineering Biomimetics RT: Biomedical computing UF: Biomimetic microelectronics Neurophysiology Biomimicry Time-frequency analysis Bionics NT: Biomedical image BT: Microprocessors processing NT: Biomimetic materials

Biomedical telemetry Biomimicry UF: Biotelemetry USE: Biomimetics BT: Biomedical communication Biomedical equipment Biomolecular electronics Telemetry USE: Molecular electronics

Biomedical transducers Biomolecules BT: Biomedical equipment USE: Molecular biophysics Transducers Bionanotechnology Biomedical ultrasonics UF: Bio-nanotechnology USE: Biomedical acoustics BT: Engineering in medicine and biology Biomedical X-ray imaging Nanotechnology USE: Biomedical imaging Bionics Biomembranes USE: Biomimetics UF: Biological membranes Membranes Biophotonics BT: Biomedical materials BT: Biology RT: Biological cells Photonics

Biometric systems Biophysics USE: Biometrics (access control) BT: Biology Physics Biometrics (access control) RT: Computational biophysics UF: Biometric systems NT: Aerospace biophysics BT: Identification of persons Biomagnetics RT: Access control Cellular biophysics Algorithms Molecular biophysics Automation Handwriting recognition Biopsy Information technology BT: Medical tests Security Speaker recognition Bioreactors NT: Face recognition BT: Chemical reactors Fingerprint recognition RT: Biochemistry This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 46 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Animals Biorthogonal modulation RT: Beak BT: Wavelet transforms Birefringence Biosensors BT: Optics UF: Biological sensors RT: Photorefractive effect BT: Chemical and biological Photorefractive materials sensors Refractive index RT: Biomedical measurement Thermooptic effects

Biosphere Birth disorders BT: Environmental factors BT: Amniocentesis Geoscience Bismuth Biotechnology UF: Bi BT: Biomedical engineering BT: Metals RT: Genetic engineering RT: Bismuth compounds

Biotelemetry Bismuth compounds USE: Biomedical telemetry UF: BSCCO BT: Compounds Bioterrorism RT: Alloying BT: Engineering in medicine Bismuth and biology Terrorism BIST USE: Built-in self-test Bipartite graph BT: Graph theory Bistability (optical) USE: Optical bistability Biped locomotion USE: Legged locomotion Bistable circuits UF: Bi-stable circuits Bipolar integrated circuits BT: Circuits BT: Bipolar transistor circuits NT: Latches RT: Bipolar transistors Bistable multivibrator Bipolar transistor circuits USE: Pulse circuits BT: Circuits RT: Parameter extraction Bistatic radar NT: BiCMOS integrated circuits BT: Radar Bipolar integrated circuits Bit allocation Bipolar transistors USE: Bit rate BT: Power semiconductor switches Bit error rate RT: Bipolar integrated circuits UF: BER Proton radiation effects BER analysis Semiconductor epitaxial BER performance layers BERT Transistors Bit error rate test NT: Insulated gate bipolar BT: Error analysis transistors Kirk field collapse effect Bit error rate test USE: Bit error rate Birds This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 47 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Bit interleaved coded USE: Interleaved codes Blanking BT: Manufacturing systems Bit rate RT: Metal products UF: Bit allocation Metals Bitrate Sheet metal processing BT: Timing RT: Communication system Blast furnaces signaling BT: Furnaces Computer networks RT: Smelting Signal processing Bleaching Bit-interleaved coded BT: Materials processing USE: Interleaved codes RT: Manufacturing systems Paper making Bitcoin Process control BT: Cryptocurrency Textile technology RT: Cryptography Finance Bleeding Online banking USE: Hemorrhaging

Bitrate Blind channel estimation USE: Bit rate USE: Blind equalizers

Bitumen Blind equalisers USE: Asphalt USE: Blind equalizers

Black lead Blind equalizers USE: Graphite UF: Blind channel estimation Blind equalisers BlackBerry BT: Equalizers USE: Handheld computers Blind signal separation Blacklist USE: Blind source separation USE: Blacklisting Blind source separation Blacklisting UF: Blind signal separation UF: Blacklist BT: Source separation BT: Access control RT: Adaptive signal detection RT: Computer security Array signal processing Countermeasures Independent component (computer) analysis Signal analysis Bladder Signal detection BT: Urogenital system Blindness Blades BT: Medical conditions UF: Vanes RT: Visual prosthesis BT: Mechanical products RT: Agricultural machinery Blob detection Cutting tools BT: Computer vision Fans Image processing Impellers RT: Feature extraction Propellers Turbomachinery Block codes This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 48 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Block coding Radio communication BT: Channel coding RT: Communication equipment RT: Mobile communication Digital communication NT: Linear codes IEEE 802.11 Standard IEEE 802.11g Standard Block coding IEEE 802.11n Standard USE: Block codes IEEE 802.15 Standard Land mobile radio Blogging Land mobile radio cellular USE: Blogs systems Protocols Blogs Spread spectrum UF: Blogging communication BT: Information retrieval Wireless LAN RT: Electronic mail Wireless communication Internet ZigBee Social network services BNCT Blood USE: Neutron capture therapy BT: Blood vessels NT: Blood platelets BNSC Coagulation UF: British National Space Red blood cells Centre White blood cells BT: Organizations

Blood clots Boat building industry USE: Coagulation USE: Shipbuilding industry

Blood flow Boats BT: Blood pressure UF: Barges RT: Bioimpedance Yachts NT: Hemodynamics BT: Marine vehicles

Blood platelets Body area networking BT: Blood USE: Body area networks RT: Coagulation Body area networks Blood pressure UF: Body area networking UF: Arterial pressure BT: Personal area networks BT: Blood vessels NT: Blood flow Body regions Blood pressure variability BT: Anatomy NT: Abdomen Blood pressure variability Back BT: Blood pressure Breast Extremities Blood vessels Head BT: Cardiovascular system Neck NT: Arteries Pelvis Blood Perineum Blood pressure Thorax Veins Torso Viscera Bluetooth BT: Personal area networks Body sensor networks This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 49 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Personal area networks Bone diseases Wireless sensor networks BT: Diseases NT: Osteoarthritis Boilers Osteoporosis BT: Heating systems RT: Heat recovery Bone tissue Steam engines BT: Biological tissues Turbines RT: Bones Waste heat NT: Cancellous bone Cortical bone Bolometers BT: Radiation detectors Bones RT: Infrared detectors BT: Skeleton Temperature measurement RT: Bone tissue Skull Bolts NT: Bone density USE: Fasteners Pelvic bones

Boltzmann distribution Bonuses BT: Statistics USE: Incentive schemes NT: Lattice Boltzmann methods Book reviews Boltzmann equation BT: IEEE indexing UF: Boltzmann transport equation Boolean algebra BT: Equations BT: Algebra RT: Logic Boltzmann transport equation Logic gates USE: Boltzmann equation Set theory NT: Boolean functions Bomb USE: Weapons Boolean functions BT: Boolean algebra Bonding RT: Fault trees BT: Bonding processes NT: Logic functions RT: Manufacturing Materials processing Boosting NT: Adhesives BT: Machine learning Supervised learning Bonding forces BT: Materials testing Booting BT: Operating systems Bonding processes BT: Fabrication Boring Joining processes BT: Machining RT: Soldering RT: Drilling Welding Milling NT: Bonding Turning Diffusion bonding Wafer bonding Boron BT: Chemical elements Bone density Metals BT: Bones RT: Fertilizers RT: Density measurement NT: Boron alloys

Boron alloys BPR BT: Boron USE: Business process re- RT: Magnetic materials engineering

Boron neutron capture therapy BPSK USE: Neutron capture therapy USE: Binary phase shift keying

Bot (Internet) Brachial UF: WWW robot USE: Brachytherapy Web robot BT: Computer applications Brachytherapy Internet UF: Brachial World Wide Web BT: Medical treatment RT: Crawlers RT: Radiation effects

Botnet Bragg gratings BT: Interconnected systems UF: Fiber Bragg gratings Internet Fiber-Bragg gratings Software agents BT: Filters RT: Computer crime Optical devices Distributed denial-of-service RT: Diffraction attack Diffraction gratings Robots Laser beams Light deflectors Bottling Optical beams BT: Packaging Optical transmitters RT: Beverage industry Temperature sensors Glass products Wavelength division Packaging machines multiplexing Plastic products NT: Fiber gratings

Boundary conditions Brain BT: Boundary value problems BT: Nervous system NT: Upper bound RT: Bioelectric phenomena Cerebrospinal fluid Boundary element methods Cognition BT: Partial differential equations Cognitive informatics RT: Integral equations Cognitive science Method of moments Diffusion tensor imaging Electroencephalography Boundary value problems Encephalography BT: Mathematics Head RT: Partial differential equations Intracranial pressure NT: Boundary conditions sensors Magnetoencephalography Bovine Synapses BT: Animals White matter NT: Cows NT: Basal ganglia Brain cells Box Jenkins models Brain injuries USE: Autoregressive processes Brain modeling Brain ventricles BPF Brainstem USE: Band-pass filters Cerebellum Cerebral cortex This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 51 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Cerebrum USE: Neuroplasticity Corpus callosum Forebrain Brain stem Frontal lobe USE: Brainstem Hindbrain Hypothalamus Brain stem implants Limbic system USE: Brainstem implants Midbrain Neural activity Brain stimulation Neural implants BT: Medical treatment Neurodynamics Neurophysiology Brain ventricles Neuropsychology BT: Brain Neurotechnology Occipital Lobe Brain-computer interaction Parietal lobe USE: Brain-computer interfaces Primary motor cortex Sleep Brain-computer interfaces Temporal lobe UF: Brain computer interfaces Thalamus Brain interfaces Ventricle system Brain machine interfaces Virtual artifact Brain-computer interaction Brain-computer-interfaces Brain cells Brain-machine interfaces BT: Brain Mind-machine interfaces BT: User interfaces Brain computer interfaces RT: Neural engineering USE: Brain-computer interfaces Brain-computer-interfaces Brain implants USE: Brain-computer interfaces USE: Neural implants Brain-machine interfaces Brain injuries USE: Brain-computer interfaces BT: Brain Injuries BrainLobe USE: Frontal lobe Brain interfaces USE: Brain-computer interfaces Brainstem UF: Brain stem Brain machine interfaces BT: Brain USE: Brain-computer interfaces Brainstem implants Brain mapping UF: Brain stem implants BT: Nervous system BT: Implants NT: Neuroimaging Brakes Brain modeling BT: Control systems UF: Brain modelling Mechanical products BT: Brain RT: Automotive components Modeling Brand management Brain modelling BT: Marketing management USE: Brain modeling RT: Market research Product development Brain plasticity This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 52 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Brazing Breast tumour BT: Soldering USE: Breast tumors RT: Welding Breast tumours Breadboard circuit USE: Breast tumors UF: Plugboard Solderless breadboard Breast-cancer BT: Electronic circuits USE: Breast cancer

Breakdown Bremsstrahlung USE: Electric breakdown BT: Electromagnetic radiation

Breakdown voltage Bridge circuits BT: Voltage BT: Circuits RT: Current RT: Rectifiers Diodes Insulators Bridges BT: Structural shapes Breast RT: Civil engineering BT: Body regions Structural engineering NT: Breast biopsy Transportation Breast cancer Breast tissue Brightness Breast tumors BT: Optics NT: Brightness temperature Breast biopsy BT: Breast Brightness temperature BT: Brightness Breast cancer UF: Breast-cancer Brillouin scattering BT: Breast BT: Scattering Cancer Bring your own device Breast neoplasms UF: BYOD UF: Mammary neoplasms BT: Information technology BT: Neoplasms RT: Mobile computing Office automation Breast tissue Personnel UF: Breast tissues Security BT: Biological tissues Smart phones Breast British National Space Centre Breast tissues USE: BNSC USE: Breast tissue Broadband amplifiers Breast tumor UF: Wideband amplifiers USE: Breast tumors BT: Amplifiers Broadband communication Breast tumors UF: Breast tumor Broadband antennas Breast tumour UF: Wideband antennas Breast tumours BT: Antennas BT: Breast RT: Antenna arrays Tumors Microstrip Microwave propagation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 53 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UHF propagation RT: Flame retardants NT: Ultra wideband antennas Vivaldi antennas Bronchi USE: Respiratory system Broadband communication UF: Broadband networks Bronchoscopy BT: Communication systems BT: Medical diagnosis RT: Asynchronous transfer mode Brownian motion Cable TV UF: Fractional brownian motion Frequency division BT: Random processes multiaccess RT: Diffusion processes IEEE 802.16 Standard IPTV Browsers Multimedia communication UF: Google Chrome Optical fiber communication Web browsers Ultra wideband BT: Computer interfaces communication RT: User interfaces Video on demand NT: B-ISDN Brushes Broadband amplifiers BT: Contacts RT: Rotating machines Broadband ISDN USE: B-ISDN Brushless DC motors UF: Brushless direct current Broadband networks motors USE: Broadband communication BT: Brushless motors DC motors Broadcast technology NT: Broadcasting Brushless direct current motors USE: Brushless DC motors Broadcasting UF: Broadcasts Brushless machines BT: Broadcast technology BT: Electric machines RT: Entertainment industry NT: Digital audio broadcasting Brushless motors Digital multimedia BT: Motors broadcasting NT: Brushless DC motors Digital video broadcasting Motion pictures BSCCO Radio broadcasting USE: Bismuth compounds Satellite broadcasting Web TV Buck converters BT: DC-DC power converters Broadcasts USE: Broadcasting Buckeyballs USE: Fullerenes Bromine BT: Chemical elements Buckminsterfullerene NT: Bromine compounds USE: Fullerenes

Bromine compounds Buckyballs UF: Organobromine compounds USE: Fullerenes BT: Bromine Chemical compounds Buckytubes This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 54 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Fullerenes Building integrated photovoltaics Buffer layers Furnaces BT: Thin films Lighting RT: Diffusion processes Space heating Semiconductor films Wiring Semiconductor growth NT: Building automation Elevators Buffer overflows Facilities management BT: Computer crashes Building-integrated photovoltaics Buffer storage USE: Building integrated BT: Memory photovoltaics RT: Data handling Telecommunication buffers Buildings NT: Computer buffers UF: Space habitats BT: Construction Bugs RT: Air conditioning USE: Computer bugs Architecture Civil engineering Building automation Construction industry BT: Automation Elevators Building services Industrial power systems RT: Construction industry Lighting Modular construction Building integrated photovoltaics Prefabricated construction UF: Building-integrated Smart cities photovoltaics Space cooling Roof mounted photovoltaics Vents Roof mounted solar cell NT: Building materials arrays Building services BT: Photovoltaic systems Flexible structures RT: Building services Intelligent structures Solar power generation Smart buildings Smart homes Building materials BT: Buildings Built-in self-test Materials UF: BIST RT: Aggregates Self-testing Construction BT: Testing Construction industry RT: Circuit testing Prefabricated construction Design for testability Structural beams NT: Asphalt Bulk acoustic wave devices Concrete BT: Acoustic devices Floors RT: Film bulk acoustic Mortar resonators Tiles Windows Bulk storage BT: Material storage Building services RT: Containers BT: Buildings RT: Access control Bundle adjustment Air conditioning BT: Three-dimensional displays

Buoyancy Management BT: Fluid dynamics Operations research RT: Fluids Organizations Physics Business communication Buried object detection BT: Organizational aspects UF: Buried objects RT: Best practices Underground object detection Business continuity Underground objects BT: Management BT: Object detection RT: Security RT: Geophysical measurements System recovery Ground penetrating radar Venture capital NT: Landmine detection Business data processing Buried objects BT: Business USE: Buried object detection Data processing RT: Information processing Burnishing BT: Surface finishing Business intelligence RT: Machining UF: BI BT: Business Burst switching Data analysis BT: Packet switching RT: Competitive intelligence NT: Optical burst switching Data mining Strategic planning Bushings USE: Insulators Business organisation USE: Organizational aspects Business UF: Commerce Business organization Trade USE: Organizational aspects BT: Engineering management RT: Bankruptcy Business process integration Business process BT: Enterprise resource integration planning Business process Process planning management RT: Business Commercial law Resource management Consortia Supply chain management Contracts Systems engineering and Employment theory Enterprise resource planning Business process management Finance BT: Management Industrial communication Process planning Industries RT: Business International trade Resource management Manufacturing Supply chain management Productivity Systems engineering and Service computing theory NT: Business data processing NT: Task analysis Business intelligence Entrepreneurship Business process re-engineering Industrial relations UF: BPR This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 56 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Management BT: Insulation RT: Corporate acquisitions RT: Cables Organizational aspects Oil filled cables Total quality management NT: Power cable insulation WS-BPEL Cable shielding Business writing BT: Electromagnetic shielding USE: Writing RT: Cables

Butler matrices Cable splicing UF: Butler matrix USE: Splicing BT: Antenna arrays RT: Antennas Cable TV IEEE 802.11 Standard BT: TV Phase shifters RT: Broadband communication Wireless LAN Image communication

Butler matrix Cables USE: Butler matrices BT: Transmission lines RT: Cable insulation Butter Cable shielding USE: Dairy products Conductors Fault location Buttocks Winches BT: Extremities Wiring NT: Coaxial cables BYOD Communication cables USE: Bring your own device Mechanical cables Optical fiber cables C languages Power cables BT: Computer languages Underwater cables RT: Object oriented programming Cables (mechanical) NT: C# languages USE: Mechanical cables C++ languages Cache memory C sharp languages BT: Memory USE: C# languages NT: Cache storage

C# languages Cache storage UF: C sharp languages BT: Cache memory BT: C languages RT: Computer buffers RT: Object oriented programming CAD USE: Design automation C++ languages BT: C languages Cadaver UF: Corpse C-band BT: Pathological processes BT: Microwave bands CADCAM Ca BT: Computer aided USE: Calcium manufacturing Design automation Cable insulation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 57 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Computer integrated Call admission control manufacturing BT: Telecommunication Integrated manufacturing congestion control systems Rapid prototyping Call conference Virtual manufacturing BT: Collaborative tools

Cadmium Callosal commissure BT: Metals USE: Corpus callosum NT: Cadmium compounds Calorimetry Cadmium compounds BT: Measurement BT: Cadmium RT: Energy measurement Thermal variables CAE measurement USE: Computer aided engineering CAM USE: Computer aided Caesium manufacturing USE: Cesium CAMAC CAI UF: Computer automated USE: Computer aided instruction measurement and control BT: Control systems Calcination RT: Data buses BT: Heat treatment Data communication RT: Kilns Data processing Nuclear measurements Calcium UF: Ca Cambelts BT: Metals USE: Belts RT: Alloying NT: Calcium compounds Camcorders USE: Video equipment Calcium compounds BT: Calcium Cameras BT: Imaging Calculators RT: Digital photography BT: Computers Image capture RT: Digital arithmetic Image sensors NT: Difference engines Motion pictures Photography Calculus NT: Digital cameras BT: Mathematics Smart cameras NT: Differential equations Webcams Integral equations Level set Cams BT: Machine components Calibration RT: Engines UF: Intercalibration Mechanical power BT: Measurement techniques transmission NT: Camshafts Californium BT: Chemical elements Camshafts BT: Cams This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 58 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Shafts RT: Access control RT: Automotive components Belts Capacitance Engines BT: Electric variables RT: Capacitance measurement Cancellous bone Capacitance-voltage BT: Bone tissue characteristics RT: Osteoporosis Capacitive transducers Capacitors Cancer Supercapacitors UF: Malignancy Transmission line theory Malignant NT: Parasitic capacitance BT: Diseases Quantum capacitance RT: Biomedical applications of radiation Capacitance measurement Chemotherapy BT: Electric variables Medical diagnostic imaging measurement Oncological surgery RT: Capacitance Oncology Capacitors Single photon emission Dielectric measurement computed tomography Supercapacitors Tumors NT: Breast cancer Capacitance-voltage characteristics Cervical cancer BT: Electric variables Metastasis RT: Capacitance Prostate cancer Voltage Skin cancer Capacitive sensors Cancer detection UF: Strain based sensors BT: Medical tests Strain sensors BT: Mechanical sensors Cancer drugs BT: Drugs Capacitive transducers BT: Transducers Canning RT: Capacitance BT: Packaging Position control RT: Containers Sensors Material storage Materials handling Capacitor testing Materials processing USE: Capacitors

Cantilever beams Capacitors USE: Structural beams UF: Capacitor testing Electric condensers Capability engineering BT: Dielectric devices BT: Systems engineering and Electronic components theory Voltage multipliers RT: Capacitance Capability maturity model Capacitance measurement BT: Software engineering Dielectric constant RT: Software performance Electrets Software reusability MOS capacitors Q-factor Capability-based security Switched capacitor BT: Security networks This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 59 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Power capacitors Varactors Carbon nanotube USE: Carbon nanotubes Capacity planning BT: Production planning Carbon nanotube FETs RT: Supply chain management USE: CNTFETs NT: Storage management Carbon nanotube field effect transistors Capital cost reduction USE: CNTFETs USE: Costing Carbon nanotube field-effect transistors CAPTCHAs USE: CNTFETs BT: Symbols RT: Access protocols Carbon nanotubes Authentication UF: Carbon nanotube Carbon-nanotube Carbinol Single-wall carbon USE: Methanol nanotubes BT: Nanotubes CarboFullerene RT: CNTFETs USE: Fullerenes Carbon tax Carbon BT: Environmental economics BT: Chemical elements RT: Carbon dioxide RT: Carbon compounds Graphite Carbon-nanotube Organic compounds USE: Carbon nanotubes NT: Fullerenes Carbon-nanotube FETs Carbon capture and storage USE: CNTFETs BT: Carbon dioxide Carbon-nanotube field effect transistors Carbon compounds USE: CNTFETs BT: Organic compounds RT: Carbon Carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors NT: Carbon dioxide USE: CNTFETs Carbon emissions Carbon monoxide Cardiac arrest UF: Cardiopulmonary arrest Carbon dioxide Heart arrest BT: Carbon compounds Heart attack RT: Carbon tax BT: Cardiovascular diseases NT: Carbon capture and storage Cardiac disease BT: Cardiovascular diseases Carbon emissions BT: Carbon compounds Cardiac tissue Gases BT: Biological tissues RT: Global warming Cardiology Greenhouse effect Methane Cardiography Pollution control BT: Biomedical imaging RT: Cardiology Carbon monoxide Sputter etching BT: Carbon compounds NT: Echocardiography This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 60 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Electrocardiography USE: Charge carrier processes Phonocardiography Carrier sense multiaccess Cardiology USE: Multiaccess communication BT: Medical specialties RT: Cardiography Cars Defibrillation USE: Automobiles Heart Pacemakers Cartilage Phonocardiography BT: Musculoskeletal system NT: Cardiac tissue Cascade lasers Cardiopulmonary arrest USE: Quantum cascade lasers USE: Cardiac arrest Cascading style sheets Cardiovascular diseases BT: Style sheet languages BT: Diseases RT: Markup languages NT: Cardiac arrest Cardiac disease Casimir effect UF: Casimir energy Cardiovascular system Casimir force BT: Anatomy BT: Electric fields NT: Baroreflex Nanotechnology Blood vessels RT: Atomic force microscopy Heart Elementary particle vacuum Vacuum systems Career development BT: Education Casimir energy NT: Continuing education USE: Casimir effect Jobs listings Mentoring Casimir force USE: Casimir effect Careers USE: Engineering profession Cast iron BT: Iron Cargo handling RT: Casting USE: Freight handling Production materials

Carotid arteries Castellations UF: Carotoid arteries USE: Flip chip solder joints BT: Arteries Casting Carotoid arteries BT: Materials processing USE: Carotid arteries RT: Cast iron Foundries Carrier confinement NT: Die casting BT: Charge carrier processes Tape casting

Carrier density Catalytic converters USE: Charge carrier density USE: Exhaust systems

Carrier lifetime Catalytic convertors USE: Charge carrier lifetime USE: Exhaust systems

Carrier processes Cataracts This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 61 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Eyes NT: Laser cavity resonators Medical conditions RT: Aging CCD USE: Charge coupled devices Catheterization BT: Medical services CCD image sensors RT: Catheters BT: Image sensors RT: Digital photography Catheters BT: Biomedical equipment CD recording RT: Catheterization UF: Compact disk Surgery BT: Optical recording RT: Laser applications Cathode ray tubes NT: CD-ROMs UF: CRT BT: Displays CD-ROM Electron devices USE: CD-ROMs RT: Flyback transformers CD-ROM reviews Cathode-ray oscilloscopes BT: IEEE indexing USE: Oscilloscopes CD-ROMs Cathodes UF: CD-ROM UF: Photocathodes BT: CD recording BT: Electrodes RT: Electronic publishing RT: Electron emission Information systems Electron tubes CDMA Cats USE: Multiaccess communication BT: Animals Cell biology Cattle USE: Biological cells USE: Cows Cell clones Cause effect analysis USE: Cloning UF: Fishbone diagrams Ishikawa diagrams Cell phones BT: Process planning USE: Cellular phones RT: Expert systems Failure analysis Cell signaling Fault diagnosis UF: Cell signaling Pareto analysis BT: Biological cells Testing RT: Biochemistry Biomechanics Cavity perturbation methods BT: Perturbation methods Cells (biology) RT: Cavity resonators BT: Biological cells NT: Extracellular Cavity resonators Ganglia BT: Resonators Glial cells RT: Cavity perturbation Progenitor cells methods Klystrons Cellular biophysics Microcavities BT: Biophysics Resonance RT: Molecular biophysics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 62 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Nanomedicine White matter

Cellular land mobile radio Central office USE: Land mobile radio cellular BT: Communication networks systems Central Processing Unit Cellular manufacturing UF: CPU BT: Manufacturing systems BT: Electronic circuits RT: Flexible manufacturing NT: VLIW systems Production control Centralized control UF: Integrated control Cellular networks BT: Control systems BT: Land mobile radio cellular systems Cepstral analysis RT: Device-to-device BT: Acoustics communication RT: Music information retrieval Handover Speech analysis NT: Femtocell networks Speech recognition Macrocell networks NT: Cepstrum Microcell networks Mel frequency cepstral coefficient Cellular neural networks BT: Neural networks Cepstrum BT: Cepstral analysis Cellular phones RT: Fourier transforms UF: Cell phones BT: Telephone equipment Ceramic glazes BT: Glazes Cellular radio USE: Land mobile radio cellular Ceramic products systems BT: Manufactured products RT: Ceramics Cement industry Glass products BT: Manufacturing industries Insulators Porcelain Censorship Tiles BT: Law RT: Consumer protection Ceramics Government policies UF: Glass ceramics Law enforcement BT: Insulation Legal factors Materials RT: Aluminum oxide Central air conditioning Ceramic products UF: Central air-conditioning Ceramics industry BT: Air conditioning Cermet Dielectric materials Central air-conditioning Diffusion bonding USE: Central air conditioning Electrets Firing Central nervous system Glass BT: Nervous system Glass products RT: Hypothalamus Glazes NT: Grey matter High-temperature Midbrain superconductors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 63 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Magnesium oxide BT: Chemical compounds Powders Tape casting Change detection algorithms Tiles BT: Algorithms NT: Porcelain Channel allocation Ceramics industry UF: Bandwidth allocation BT: Manufacturing industries BT: Communication channels RT: Bioceramics NT: Spectral efficiency Ceramics Porcelain Channel bank filters BT: Filters Cerebellum BT: Brain Channel capacity BT: Communication channels Cerebral cortex BT: Brain Channel coding BT: Encoding Cerebrospinal fluid Information theory BT: Fluids and secretions RT: Communication channels Spinal cord Convolutional codes RT: Brain Rate distortion theory Space-time codes Cerebrum NT: Block codes BT: Brain Combined source-channel coding Cerenkov lasers Turbo codes USE: Free electron lasers Channel estimation Cerium UF: Channel state estimation BT: Chemical elements Channel-state estimation BT: Communication channels Cermet RT: Equalizers BT: Composite materials Land mobile radio RT: Ceramics Land mobile radio cellular Metallic materials systems Multipath channels Certification Signal detection BT: Training Spread spectrum communication Cervical cancer BT: Cancer Channel hot electron injection UF: Channel hot-electron Cesium injection UF: Caesium BT: Hot carrier injection BT: Chemical elements Channel hot-electron injection CFD USE: Channel hot electron USE: Computational fluid injection dynamics Channel models CGM BT: Communication channels USE: Computer generated music Channel rate control Chalcogenides BT: Rate distortion theory This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 64 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Carrier lifetime Channel spacing BT: Charge carriers BT: Communication channels RT: Optical fiber applications Charge carrier mobility Rate distortion theory BT: Charge carriers

Channel state estimation Charge carrier processes USE: Channel estimation UF: Carrier processes Charge carrier trapping Channel state information Electron carriers BT: Communication channels Hole carriers Semiconductor charge Channel-state estimation carriers USE: Channel estimation BT: Charge carriers RT: Diffusion processes Chaos Semiconductor impurities BT: Nonlinear systems NT: Carrier confinement RT: Bifurcation Charge transfer Econophysics Electron mobility Fractals Electron traps Nonlinear circuits Excitons Nonlinear dynamical Space charge systems Pattern formation Charge carrier trapping Predator prey systems USE: Charge carrier processes Random media NT: Chaotic communication Charge carriers Complexity theory BT: Elementary particles Spatiotemporal phenomena RT: Conductivity Impact ionization Chaotic communication Semiconductivity BT: Chaos Semiconductor materials RT: Cryptography NT: Charge carrier density Synchronization Charge carrier lifetime Time series analysis Charge carrier mobility Charge carrier processes Character generation Hot carriers BT: Graphics RT: Computer graphics Charge coupled devices Displays UF: CCD Printing Charge injection devices Charge transfer devices Character recognition Charge-injection devices UF: Print readers Charge-transfer devices BT: Pattern recognition BT: MIS devices RT: Text recognition Charge injection devices Characteristic mode analysis USE: Charge coupled devices BT: Electromagnetic analysis Charge measurement Charge carrier density BT: Electrostatic measurements UF: Carrier density RT: Pulsed electroacoustic BT: Charge carriers methods NT: Battery charge Charge carrier lifetime measurement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 65 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Materials science and Charge pumps technology UF: Charge-pumping RT: Chemical technology BT: Circuits Drugs RT: Voltage multipliers Fractionation NT: Activation analysis Charge transfer Chemical processes BT: Charge carrier processes Chemicals Electronic noses Charge transfer devices pH measurement USE: Charge coupled devices Chemical and biological sensors Charge-coupled image sensors BT: Sensors BT: Image sensors NT: Biosensors Optoelectronic devices Gas detectors

Charge-injection devices Chemical compounds USE: Charge coupled devices BT: Chemistry NT: Anti-freeze Charge-pumping Bromine compounds USE: Charge pumps Chalcogenides Ethanol Charge-transfer devices Methanol USE: Charge coupled devices Chemical elements Charged device model BT: Chemicals USE: Electrostatic discharges Materials, elements, and compounds Charging devices NT: Actinium USE: Battery chargers Aluminum Americium Charging stations Antimony BT: Power supplies Arsenic RT: Battery chargers Astatine Electric vehicles Berkelium Hybrid electric vehicles Beryllium Plug-in hybrid electric Boron vehicles Bromine Californium CHCP Carbon USE: Trigeneration Cerium Cesium Chebyshev approximation Chlorine BT: Approximation methods Curium RT: Discrete cosine transforms Darmstadtium Dysprosium Checkpointing Europium BT: System recovery Fluorine Francium Cheese Gadolinium USE: Dairy products Hafnium Helium Chemical analysis Holmium BT: Chemistry Hydrogen Iodine This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 66 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Iridium Hazardous materials Isotopes Toxicology Krypton NT: Toxic chemicals Lutetium Mercury (metals) Chemical industry Molybdenum BT: Industries Neon RT: Chemical engineering Neptunium Chemical reactors Nitrogen Chemical technology Osmium Electrochemical processes Oxygen Petrochemicals Phosphorus Petroleum industry Plutonium Pipelines Polonium Plastic products Potassium Plastics industry Praseodymium Rubber industry Promethium Protactinium Chemical lasers Radium BT: Lasers Radon RT: Gas lasers Rhenium NT: Chemical oxygen iodine Rhodium lasers Roentgenium Rubidium Chemical mechanical planarisation Ruthenium USE: Planarization Scandium Selenium Chemical mechanical planarization Sodium USE: Planarization Sulfur Tantalum Chemical oxygen iodine lasers Technetium BT: Chemical lasers Tellurium Terbium Chemical processes Thallium BT: Chemical analysis Thorium NT: Leaching Thulium Molecular sieves Titanium Osmosis Uranium Oxidation Vanadium Reverse osmosis Ytterbium Solvents Yttrium Thermolysis Zirconium Chemical products Chemical engineering BT: Manufactured products BT: Engineering - general RT: Chemical engineering RT: Chemical industry Chemistry Chemical products Glass products Chemical technology Plastic products Process design Production materials NT: Fats Chemical hazards Inhibitors BT: Hazards Lacquers RT: Biohazards Mortar Contamination Paints Explosions Petrochemicals This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 67 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Petroleum Pharmaceuticals Chemistry Plastics BT: Science - general Propellants RT: Chemical products Chemical technology Chemical reactors Drugs UF: CSTR Petrochemicals BT: Chemical technology Pharmaceutical technology RT: Chemical industry Pharmaceuticals Crystallizers Pickling Process control Plastic products NT: Bioreactors NT: Astrochemistry Continuous-stirred tank Biochemistry reactor Chemical analysis Ignition Chemical compounds Geochemistry Chemical sensors Inorganic chemicals BT: Chemical technology Interstellar chemistry RT: Detectors Organic chemicals Photochemistry Chemical technology BT: Industry applications Chemotherapy RT: Chemical analysis BT: Medical treatment Chemical engineering RT: Cancer Chemical industry Drugs Chemistry Medical services Decontamination Oncology Refining Patient monitoring NT: Chemical reactors Chemical sensors Child Crystallizers USE: Pediatrics Distillation equipment Fluidization Children Pharmaceutical technology USE: Pediatrics Vitrification Chip design Chemical transducers USE: Chip scale packaging BT: Transducers RT: Gas detectors Chip development USE: Chip scale packaging Chemical vapor deposition UF: CVD Chip fabrication Vapour deposition USE: Chip scale packaging BT: Plasma materials processing Chip scale packaging RT: Coatings UF: CSP Epitaxial layers Chip design Films Chip development NT: Atomic layer deposition Chip fabrication MOCVD Chip-making process Pulsed laser deposition BT: Electronics packaging RT: Integrated circuit packaging Chemicals BT: Chemical analysis Chip-making process NT: Chemical elements USE: Chip scale packaging This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 68 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

CIM Chirp USE: Common Information Model BT: Signal processing (computing) AND Common Information Model Chirp modulation (electricity) AND UF: Linear frequency Computer integrated modulation manufacturing BT: Modulation RT: Sonar Cinema Spread spectrum USE: Motion pictures communication Spread spectrum radar Cinematography BT: Photography Chlorine RT: Motion pictures BT: Chemical elements Object tracking NT: Chlorine compounds Ciphers Chlorine compounds UF: Cyphers BT: Chlorine BT: Cryptography RT: Algorithms Chokes Codes USE: Inductors Encryption

Choppers (circuits) Circadian rhythm BT: Switching circuits UF: Circadian rhythms RT: Power conversion BT: Biological processes

CHP Circadian rhythms USE: Cogeneration USE: Circadian rhythm

Chromatic dispersion Circuit analysis BT: Dispersion BT: Circuits RT: Frequency-domain analysis Chrome plating SPICE BT: Plating Sensitivity RT: Coatings Tolerance analysis Yield estimation Chromium NT: Circuit analysis computing UF: Cr Coupled mode analysis BT: Metals Nonlinear network analysis NT: Chromium alloys Circuit analysis computing Chromium alloys BT: Circuit analysis BT: Chromium Circuit boards Chromosome mapping USE: Printed circuits BT: Biological cells Circuit breakers Chromosomes BT: Switchgear USE: Biological cells RT: Interrupters Power system protection Chronobiology Protection UF: Biological clocks Switching circuits BT: Biological processes Circuit CAD This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 69 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Design automation RT: Circuits and systems

Circuit complexity Circuit synthesis USE: Complexity theory UF: Circuit design BT: Circuits Circuit design RT: Control system synthesis USE: Circuit synthesis Logic design Solid state circuit design Circuit design (CAD) NT: High level synthesis USE: Design automation Integrated circuit synthesis

Circuit design (logic) Circuit testing USE: Logic design BT: Testing RT: Built-in self-test Circuit faults NT: Integrated circuit BT: Circuits measurements NT: Electrical fault detection Circuit theory Circuit feedback BT: Solid state circuits USE: Feedback circuits Circuit tolerance analysis Circuit layout CAD USE: Tolerance analysis USE: Design automation Circuit topology Circuit noise BT: Digital circuits BT: Circuits RT: Graph theory RT: Transmission lines Tree graphs NT: Thermal noise Circuit tuning Circuit optimisation USE: Circuit optimization USE: Circuit optimization Circuits Circuit optimization BT: Circuits and systems UF: Circuit optimisation RT: Flow graphs Circuit performance Impedance matching Circuit tuning Oscillators BT: Optimization methods Phase transformers RT: Tolerance analysis Poles and zeros Scattering parameters Circuit performance NT: Active circuits USE: Circuit optimization Adders Analog circuits Circuit simulation Application specific BT: Circuits integrated circuits RT: Design automation Asynchronous circuits Semiconductor process Bipolar transistor circuits modeling Bistable circuits Bridge circuits Circuit stability Charge pumps BT: Stability Circuit analysis RT: Grounding Circuit faults Jitter Circuit noise Circuit simulation Circuit subsystems Circuit synthesis BT: Solid state circuits Coprocessors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 70 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Counting circuits UHF integrated circuits Coupling circuits Ultra large scale integration Digital circuits VHF circuits Digital signal processors Very large scale integration Distributed parameter Voltage multipliers circuits Wafer scale integration Driver circuits Electronic circuits Circuits and systems Equivalent circuits RT: Circuit subsystems Feedback Formal verification Hybrid integrated circuits Solid state circuits Integrated circuits NT: Circuits Isolators Contacts Large scale integration Filtering Linear circuits Integrated circuit Logic arrays technology Logic circuits Logic devices MOSFET circuits Oscillators Magnetic circuits Single electron devices Microprocessors Tunable circuits and Microwave circuits devices Millimeter wave circuits Millimeter wave integrated Circular polarisation circuits USE: Polarization Monolithic integrated circuits Circular polarization Multiplying circuits USE: Polarization Nonlinear circuits Passive circuits Circulators Phase shifters BT: Ferrite devices Power dissipation Microwave technology Power integrated circuits RT: Electromagnetic coupling Printed circuits Waveguide components Programmable circuits Programmable logic arrays Circulatory system Programmable logic UF: Vascular system devices BT: Anatomy Pulse circuits RLC circuits Citation analysis Radiation detector circuits UF: Citation studies Rail to rail operation BT: Bibliometrics Rectifiers Sampled data circuits Citation studies Sequential circuits USE: Citation analysis Silicon-on-insulator Submillimeter wave circuits Cities and towns Summing circuits USE: Urban areas Switched circuits Switching circuits City Thick film circuits USE: Urban areas Thin film circuits Thyristor circuits City planning Time varying circuits USE: Urban planning Trigger circuits UHF circuits Civil engineering This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 71 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Geotechnical structures Software architecture BT: Engineering - general RT: Unified modeling language RT: Bridges NT: Middleware Buildings Servers Construction Energy resources Clientserver systems Environmental factors USE: Client-server systems Power systems Road transportation Climate Roads USE: Meteorology Transmission lines NT: Railway engineering Climbing robots Structural engineering BT: Mobile robots

Cladistics Clinical analysis USE: Phylogeny USE: Clinical diagnosis

Clamping Clinical diagnosis USE: Clamps UF: Clinical analysis Clinical engineering Clamps Clinical information UF: Clamping BT: Medical services BT: Production equipment NT: Clinical neuroscience RT: Machine tools Machining Clinical engineering USE: Clinical diagnosis Classification algorithms BT: Algorithms Clinical equipment USE: Biomedical equipment Classification tree analysis BT: Decision trees Clinical information RT: Formal concept analysis USE: Clinical diagnosis

Cleaning Clinical neuroscience BT: Materials handling UF: Cloud security RT: Air cleaners BT: Clinical diagnosis Refining Neuroscience NT: Purification Surface cleaning Clinical trials BT: Medical treatment Client server model USE: Client-server systems Clock synchronization USE: Synchronization Client server systems USE: Client-server systems Clocks BT: Time measurement Client-server model RT: Timing USE: Client-server systems NT: Atomic clocks Watches Client-server systems UF: Client server model Clone Client server systems USE: Cloning Client-server model Clientserver systems Clones BT: Distributed computing USE: Cloning This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 72 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Internet of Things Cloning Network function UF: Cell clones virtualization Clone Service computing Clones Software as a service Human cloning Software defined Molecular clones networking Reproductive cloning NT: Cloud computing security BT: Biomedical engineering Cloud gaming RT: DNA Elastic computing Platform as a service Closed form solution USE: Closed-form solutions Cloud computing security UF: Cloud security Closed loop systems BT: Cloud computing UF: Closed-loop systems Computer security BT: Control systems RT: H infinity control Cloud gaming UF: Gaming on demand Closed-form expression BT: Cloud computing USE: Closed-form solutions Games RT: Online services Closed-form solutions UF: Closed form solution Cloud security Closed-form expression USE: Clinical neuroscience AND BT: Mathematics Cloud computing security

Closed-loop systems Clouds USE: Closed loop systems BT: Terrestrial atmosphere

Clothing Clustering algorithms UF: Garments BT: Algorithms BT: Consumer products RT: Clothing industry Clustering methods Fabrics BT: Pattern recognition Wool NT: Pattern clustering NT: Footwear Protective clothing Clutter BT: Interference Clothing industry RT: Echo interference UF: Garment industry BT: Manufacturing industries CMM RT: Clothing USE: Coordinate measuring Footwear machines Footwear industry Protective clothing CMOS analog integrated circuits Textile industry UF: Analog CMOS integrated circuits Clotting Analogue CMOS integrated USE: Coagulation circuits CMOS analogue integrated Cloud computing circuits BT: Web services BT: Analog integrated circuits RT: Big Data applications CMOS integrated circuits Edge computing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 73 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

CMOS analogue integrated circuits RT: Rail to rail operation USE: CMOS analog integrated circuits CMOSFET logic devices BT: CMOSFETs CMOS digital integrated circuits RT: MISFETs BT: CMOS integrated circuits MOSFET NT: CMOS logic circuits P-i-n diodes

CMOS image sensors CMOSFETs BT: Image sensors BT: MOSFET RT: CMOS integrated circuits CMOS integrated circuits Semiconductor-insulator BT: Integrated circuits interfaces RT: CMOSFETs NT: CMOSFET logic devices NT: CMOS analog integrated circuits CNC CMOS digital integrated USE: Computer numerical control circuits CMOS logic circuits CNFETs CMOS memory circuits USE: CNTFETs Transconductors CNTFETs CMOS logic circuits UF: CNFETs BT: CMOS digital integrated Carbon nanotube FETs circuits Carbon nanotube field CMOS integrated circuits effect transistors RT: Application specific Carbon nanotube field- integrated circuits effect transistors Power dissipation Carbon-nanotube FETs Carbon-nanotube field CMOS memory circuits effect transistors UF: CMOS memory integrated Carbon-nanotube field- circuits effect transistors BT: CMOS integrated circuits BT: Field effect transistors RT: Memory RT: Carbon nanotubes SRAM chips Quantum capacitance

CMOS memory integrated circuits Co-channel interference USE: CMOS memory circuits USE: Interchannel interference

CMOS process Coagulate BT: CMOS technology USE: Coagulation

CMOS technology Coagulation BT: Integrated circuit UF: Blood clots technology Clotting RT: MOSFET Coagulate Microcontrollers BT: Biological processes Microprocessors Blood Transistors RT: Blood platelets NT: CMOS process Silicon on sapphire Coal BT: Fuels CMOSFET circuits RT: Coal gas BT: MOSFET circuits Coal mining This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 74 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Magnets Coal gas NT: Cobalt alloys UF: Coal gasification Illumination gas Cobalt alloys Town gas BT: Cobalt BT: Gases RT: Alloying RT: Coal Fuels Cochannel interference USE: Interchannel interference Coal gasification USE: Coal gas Cochlear implants BT: Implants Coal industry RT: Ear BT: Industries RT: Coal mining Code division multiaccess USE: Multiaccess communication Coal mining BT: Mining industry Code division multiple access RT: Coal USE: Multiaccess communication Coal industry Code division multiplexed Coal tar USE: Code division multiplexing USE: Fuel processing industries Code division multiplexing Coatings UF: Code division multiplexed BT: Materials processing OCDM RT: Chemical vapor deposition Optical code division Chrome plating multiplexing Corrosion BT: Communication switching Films Multiplexing Magnetic multilayers RT: Codes Painting Land mobile radio cellular Spraying systems Sputtering Multicarrier code division NT: Dip coating multiple access Epitaxial layers Optical fiber applications Glazes Software radio Lacquers Spread spectrum Paints communication Powders Code refractoring Coaxial cables UF: Refractoring BT: Cables BT: Encoding RT: Electromagnetic RT: Information theory waveguides Software engineering Transmission lines NT: Coaxial components Code-division multiple access Hybrid fiber coaxial cables USE: Multiaccess communication

Coaxial components Code-division multiple-access BT: Coaxial cables USE: Multiaccess communication

Cobalt Codecs BT: Metals UF: Coder-decoders RT: Alloying BT: Communication equipment This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 75 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Decoding Cogging Encoding USE: Forging NT: Speech codecs Video codecs Cognition UF: Cognitive processes Coder-decoders Reasoning USE: Codecs BT: Behavioral sciences RT: Brain Codes Cognitive systems UF: Parity check Psychology BT: Information theory NT: Activity recognition RT: Ciphers Cognitive neuroscience Code division multiplexing Cryptography Cognitive computing Decoding USE: Cognitive systems Encoding Error correction Cognitive informatics Redundancy BT: Cybernetics Sequences Informatics Vector quantization RT: Brain NT: Binary codes Convolutional codes Cognitive neuroscience Cyclic redundancy check BT: Cognition codes Neuroscience Error correction codes Parity check codes Cognitive processes Product codes USE: Cognition Space-time codes Cognitive radar Coding BT: Adaptive systems USE: Encoding Radar

Coding theory Cognitive radio USE: Information theory UF: Cognitive radio network BT: Wireless communication Coercive force UF: Coercivity Cognitive radio network BT: Magnetic forces USE: Cognitive radio

Coercivity Cognitive robotics USE: Coercive force BT: Robots RT: Autonomous robots Cogen USE: Cogeneration Cognitive science UF: Mental models Cogeneration BT: Cybernetics UF: CHP RT: Brain Cogen Computational and artificial Combined heat and power intelligence BT: Heating systems Human factors Power generation Inference mechanisms RT: Industrial power systems Logic Trigeneration Psychology Waste heat Uncertainty NT: Problem-solving This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 76 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Collaborative work Cognitive systems Multi-agent systems UF: Cognitive computing RT: Distributed management Reasoning Intelligent systems BT: Artificial intelligence Learning systems Collaborative learning RT: Adaptive control USE: Collaborative work Affective computing Automata Collaborative networking Cognition USE: Collaborative work Cybernetics Machine learning Collaborative problem solving USE: Collaborative work Coherence UF: Coherent detection Collaborative software BT: Electromagnetic scattering BT: Collaborative tools RT: Interference RT: Communication system software Coherent detection USE: Coherence Collaborative tools BT: Collaboration Coilguns NT: Call conference BT: Electromagnetic launching Collaborative software Videoconferences Coils UF: Electric coils Collaborative work BT: Electronic components UF: Collaborative learning RT: Electromagnets Collaborative networking Generators Collaborative problem Inductance solving Inductors Cooperative work Magnetic circuits Groupware Motors BT: Distributed computing Rotating machines RT: Communication Transformers effectiveness Windings Multimedia computing NT: Superconducting coils Professional communication Cold plates Software BT: Cooling NT: Collaborative intelligence Cooperative communication Collaboration Crowdsourcing BT: Professional Social computing communication RT: Collective intelligence Collective bargaining Cyber-physical systems USE: Industrial relations Information sharing Interoperability Collective intelligence Wikipedia BT: Decision making NT: Collaborative tools Intelligent systems Discussion forums RT: Collaboration Teamwork Crowdsourcing Virtual groups Sociology

Collaborative intelligence Colleges This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 77 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Educational institutions Nanobioscience Nanotopography Colliding beam accelerators Polymers BT: Colliding beam devices Surface treatment Particle accelerators Tissue engineering RT: Klystrons Particle beams Colon Synchrotrons BT: Digestive system NT: Colonic polyps Colliding beam devices BT: Nuclear and plasma Colonic polyps sciences BT: Colon RT: Particle accelerators Tumors NT: Colliding beam accelerators Muon colliders Colonography BT: Medical diagnosis Collimators UF: Multileaf collimators Colonoscopy BT: Optical devices BT: Medical tests RT: Biomedical applications of NT: Virtual colonoscopy radiation Biomedical equipment Color Dosimetry BT: Optics Gamma-rays RT: Electrochromism Linear accelerators Imaging Single photon emission Photochromism computed tomography NT: Pigmentation X-ray applications X-rays Color blindness USE: Vision defects Collision avoidance UF: Collision detection Color center lasers Obstacle avoidance USE: Solid lasers Sense and avoid BT: Motion control Colored noise RT: Advanced driver assistance UF: Coloured noise systems BT: Noise

Collision detection Colossal magnetoresistance USE: Collision avoidance BT: Magnetoresistance

Collision mitigation Coloured noise BT: Motion control USE: Colored noise

Collision theory Combinational circuits USE: Kinetic theory UF: Combinational logic circuits BT: Logic circuits Colloidal crystals BT: Crystals Combinational logic circuits RT: Crystallizers USE: Combinational circuits

Colloidal lithography Combinatorial mathematics BT: Lithography BT: Mathematics Nanopatterning NT: Graph theory RT: Biomedical engineering Steiner trees This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 78 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Common Information Model (computing) Combine harvesters UF: CIM USE: Agricultural machinery BT: Analytical models Information management Combined heat and power RT: DMTF Standards USE: Cogeneration Information exchange

Combined heat, cooling and power Common Information Model (electricity) USE: Trigeneration UF: CIM BT: Information management Combined heat, cooling, and power Power transmission USE: Trigeneration RT: IEC Standards Information exchange Combined source channel coding Interoperability USE: Combined source-channel Open systems coding Unified modeling language

Combined source-channel coding Communicable disease UF: Combined source channel USE: Infectious diseases coding BT: Channel coding Communication aids BT: Professional Combustion communication BT: Oxidation RT: Assistive technology RT: Exhaust gases Auditory displays NT: Plasma-assisted combustion Communication cables UF: Underground Command and control systems communication cables UF: Military command and BT: Cables control RT: Fault location BT: Aerospace and electronic Wire systems RT: Military communication Communication cables (optical) USE: Optical fiber cables Command languages BT: Computer languages Communication channels UF: Air interface Commerce Telecom channels USE: Business Telecommunication channels Commercial law BT: Information theory BT: Law RT: Channel coding RT: Bankruptcy Communication systems Business IEEE 802.11e Standard Consumer products IEEE 802.11n Standard Consumer protection Multicarrier code division Economics multiple access OFDM Commercial power systems Synapses USE: Industrial power systems NT: Channel allocation Channel capacity Commercialization Channel estimation BT: Engineering management Channel models Channel spacing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 79 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Channel state information BT: Communication systems Gaussian channels RT: Network security Multipath channels NT: Central office Multiuser channels Cyberspace Partial response channels Industrial communication Throughput Relay networks Time-varying channels (telecommunications)

Communication complexity Communication protocols USE: Complexity theory USE: Protocols

Communication effectiveness Communication satellites BT: Professional USE: Satellite communication communication RT: Collaborative work Communication standards Cooperative communication UF: Telecommunication standards Communication engineering education BT: Standards categories BT: Engineering education RT: Communication systems FDDI Communication equipment IEC BT: Communications ISO technology ISO Standards RT: Bluetooth Radio spectrum Communication systems management Multiplexing equipment NT: Long Term Evolution Satellite ground stations Near field communication NT: Auditory displays SONET Codecs Synchronous digital Modems hierarchy Optical communication Universal Serial Bus equipment Radio communication Communication switching equipment BT: Communications Receivers technology Repeaters RT: IEEE 802.3 Standard Speech codecs Switching systems TV equipment NT: Code division multiplexing Telephone equipment Electronic switching Transceivers systems Transmitters Frame relay Transponders Handover Video codecs Multiprotocol label Video equipment switching Vocoders Packet switching

Communication industry Communication symbols BT: Industries BT: Professional RT: Communication systems communication RT: Pragmatics Communication network reliability Semiotics USE: Telecommunication Syntactics network reliability NT: Semiotics

Communication networks Communication system control This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 80 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Communication systems BT: Communication systems RT: Control systems NT: Telecommunication control Communication systems UF: Quantum communication Communication system operations and BT: Communications management technology BT: Management RT: Antennas and propagation RT: Communication system Communication channels signaling Communication equipment Communication systems Communication industry Communication standards Communication system privacy Communication system USE: Communication system operations and management security Digital systems Huffman coding Communication system security Information theory UF: Communication system Office automation privacy Telecontrol equipment Telecommunication security Traffic control Wireless security NT: ARPANET BT: Communication systems Biomedical communication RT: Access control Broadband communication Cryptography Communication networks Data security Communication system Electronic warfare control Privacy Communication system NT: Denial-of-service attack security Radio communication Communication system countermeasures signaling Communication system Communication system signaling software UF: Signaling systems Communication system Telecom signaling traffic Telecom system signaling Communication system Telecommunication traffic control signalling Computer networks BT: Communication systems Cross layer design RT: Bit rate Data buses Communication system Data communication operations and management Device-to-device Handover communication NT: Received signal strength Digital communication indicator FDDI Facsimile Communication system software IP networks BT: Communication systems ISDN RT: Collaborative software Indoor communication NT: Streaming media Internet Local area networks Communication system traffic MIMO communication UF: Mice flows MISO communication BT: Communication systems Machine-to-machine RT: Telecommunication traffic communications Metropolitan area networks Communication system traffic control Microwave communication This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 81 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Military communication Couplers Mobile communication High-speed electronics Molecular communication Image communication Multiaccess communication Information and Multicast communication communication technology Multimedia communication Message systems NOMA Modulation Narrowband Multiplexing Optical fiber communication Network topology Personal communication Presence network agents networks TV Protocols UHF technology Quality of experience Ultra wideband technology Quality of service VHF devices Radio communication Regional area networks Commutation Routing BT: Motors SIMO communication SISO communication Commutators Satellite communication BT: DC motors Satellite ground stations Spatial diversity Compact disk Submillimeter wave USE: CD recording communication Subscriber loops Compaction Switching systems BT: Waste reduction Synchronous digital RT: Materials handling hierarchy Telecommunications Companies Teleconferencing BT: Organizations Telegraphy Telephony Company reports Teleprinting BT: Publishing Teletext RT: Competitive intelligence Token networks Management UHF communication Management accounting Underwater communication Videophone systems Compass Videotex UF: Compasses Visual communication BT: Instruments Wide area networks RT: Magnetic fields Wideband Navigation Wireless communication Wireless mesh networks Compasses Wireless sensor networks USE: Compass

Communications computing Competitive intelligence USE: Telecommunication BT: Information management computing RT: Business intelligence Company reports Communications technology Decision support systems RT: Antennas and propagation Knowledge management NT: Communication equipment Market research Communication switching Communication systems Compilers (program) This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 82 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Program processors Semiconductor device packaging Complex networks Thermal management of BT: Network topology electronics RT: System dynamics System of systems Composite materials BT: Materials Complex systems NT: Cermet BT: Systems engineering and theory Composite media RT: Configuration management USE: Nonhomogeneous media Large-scale systems Composite systems Complexity USE: Interconnected systems USE: Complexity theory Compounds Complexity constrained detection BT: Materials, elements, and USE: Maximum likelihood compounds detection NT: Bismuth compounds Gallium compounds Complexity theory Indium compounds UF: Circuit complexity Inorganic compounds Communication complexity Lead compounds Complexity Organic compounds BT: Chaos Silicon compounds RT: Computation theory Econophysics Compressed sensing NT: Computational complexity UF: Compressive sensing NP-complete problem BT: Sampling methods NP-hard problem Compression algorithms Compliant mechanisms BT: Algorithms USE: Manufacturing processes Compression molding Component architectures UF: Compression moulding UF: Component-based systems BT: Production BT: Components, packaging, RT: Injection molding and manufacturing technology Compression moulding Component-based systems USE: Compression molding USE: Component architectures Compressive sensing Components, packaging, and manufacturing USE: Compressed sensing technology NT: Component architectures Compressive stress Electronic components BT: Stress Electronic equipment manufacture Compressors Electronics packaging BT: Electric machines Environmentally friendly RT: Air conditioning manufacturing techniques Pumps Integrated circuit Turbines manufacture Turbomachinery Integrated circuit packaging Computation complexity This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 83 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Computational complexity Computational cultural modeling UF: Computational cultural Computation theory dynamics BT: Computational intelligence Computational social and RT: Complexity theory behavioral modeling NT: Computational complexity BT: Computational modeling Concurrent computing Greedy algorithms Computational efficiency Support vector machines BT: Mathematics

Computational and artificial intelligence Computational electrodynamics RT: Cognitive science USE: Computational Digital systems electromagnetics NT: Artificial intelligence Autonomous mental Computational electromagnetics development UF: Computational Computational intelligence electrodynamics Logic BT: Electromagnetic analysis Machine intelligence RT: Computer applications Neural networks Electromagnetic field theory Electromagnetic fields Computational biochemistry Finite difference methods BT: Computational biology Monte Carlo methods RT: Biochemistry Stochastic processes Bioinformatics Computational fluid dynamics Computational biology UF: CFD BT: Engineering in medicine BT: Fluid dynamics and biology RT: Isosurfaces RT: Bioinformatics Biology Computational geometry Computational BT: Geometry neuroscience RT: Computer graphics Synthetic biology Layered manufacturing NT: Computational biochemistry Surface fitting Computational biophysics NT: Fractals Computational systems biology Computational intelligence BT: Computational and artificial Computational biophysics intelligence BT: Computational biology RT: Artificial intelligence RT: Bioinformatics Synapses Biophysics NT: Computation theory Evolutionary computation Computational complexity Fuzzy systems UF: Computation complexity Genetic algorithms BT: Complexity theory Computation theory Computational life sciences RT: Algorithmic efficiency USE: Computational modeling NT: Time complexity AND Life sciences Computational cultural dynamics USE: Computational cultural Computational linguistics modeling BT: Systems, man, and cybernetics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 84 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Context modeling Independent component NT: Sentiment analysis analysis Simulation Computational modeling UF: Computational life sciences Computer aided design Life sciences computing USE: Design automation ZINDO BT: Modeling Computer aided diagnosis RT: Neuroinformatics UF: Computer assisted Time complexity diagnosis NT: Agent-based modeling Computer-aided diagnosis Computational cultural Computer-assisted modeling diagnosis BT: Medical diagnosis Computational neuroscience UF: Theoretical neuroscience Computer aided engineering BT: Computer science UF: CAE Neuroscience BT: Computer applications RT: Computational biology Nervous system Computer aided instruction UF: CAI Computational science Computer aided learning USE: Scientific computing Computer-aided instruction Computer-aided learning Computational social and behavioral modeling Teaching machines USE: Computational cultural BT: Computer applications modeling Educational technology RT: Authoring systems Computational systems biology Continuing education BT: Computational biology Courseware Electronic learning Computed microtomography Matlab USE: Computed tomography NT: Learning management systems Computed tomography UF: CT scan Computer aided learning Computed USE: Computer aided instruction microtomography Computerised axial Computer aided manufacturing tomography UF: CAM Computerised tomography BT: Industrial electronics Computerized axial Manufacturing automation tomography RT: Computer integrated Computerized tomography manufacturing BT: Tomography Integrated manufacturing RT: Biomedical applications of systems radiation NT: CADCAM NT: Single photon emission Silicon compiler computed tomography Computer aided software engineering Computer aided analysis BT: Software engineering BT: Computer applications RT: Programming environments RT: Digital simulation Software tools Geophysics computing Computer animation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 85 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Animation World Wide Web

Computer applications Computer architecture UF: Volunteer computing UF: Architecture (computer) BT: Computers and information BT: Computers and information processing processing RT: Biomedical computing RT: Microprogramming Computational NT: Accelerator architectures electromagnetics Data structures Computerized monitoring Dynamic voltage scaling Edge computing Memory architecture Electrical engineering Memory management computing Multiprocessor Flexible manufacturing interconnection systems Parallel architectures Information technology Reconfigurable Learning management architectures systems Middleware Computer arithmetic Mobile agents USE: Digital arithmetic Software agents Software packages Computer assisted diagnosis NT: Application virtualization USE: Computer aided diagnosis Big Data applications Bot (Internet) Computer automated measurement and control Computer aided analysis USE: CAMAC Computer aided engineering Computer buffers Computer aided instruction BT: Buffer storage Computer generated music RT: Cache storage Computer integrated manufacturing Computer bugs Control engineering UF: Bugs computing BT: Computer crashes Green computing High energy physics Computer buses instrumentation computing USE: Data buses Knowledge management Mathematics computing Computer control Medical information USE: Digital control systems Military computing Computer crashes Mobile applications BT: Computer errors Physics computing NT: Buffer overflows Power engineering Computer bugs computing Power system analysis Computer crime computing UF: Cyber crime Publishing Cyber-crime Scientific computing Cybercrime Telecommunication DDoS attack computing DoS attack Virtual enterprises Hacking Virtual manufacturing Piracy (software) Web sites Software piracy This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 86 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Computer security Ray tracing RT: Botnet Simulation Computer viruses Surface fitting Computer worms Visual effects Data security Workstations Digital rights management NT: Data visualization Distributed denial-of-service Rendering (computer attack graphics) Invasive software Shadow mapping Unsolicited electronic mail Sprites (computer) NT: Counterfeiting Video sequences Cyber terrorism Virtual reality Cyberattack Visualization SQL injection Computer hacking Computer displays UF: Hacker BT: Displays Hacks RT: Computer graphics BT: Computer security Computer peripherals Workstations Computer hardware NT: Mesh generation USE: Hardware Touch sensitive screens Computer industry Computer documentation UF: DP industry USE: Documentation BT: Industries RT: Computers and information Computer engineering education processing USE: Computer science education Computer integrated manufacturing UF: CIM Computer errors BT: Computer applications BT: Computer performance Manufacturing automation NT: Computer crashes RT: Agile manufacturing CADCAM Computer generated music Computer aided UF: CGM manufacturing Computer music Virtual manufacturing BT: Computer applications Music Computer interfaces UF: Docking stations Computer graphics BT: Computers and information BT: Graphics processing RT: Animation RT: Computer peripherals Art Data buses Character generation Interface management Computational geometry User interfaces Computer displays NT: Application programming Computer peripherals interfaces Curve fitting Browsers Fractals Field buses Graphics processing units Firewire Image generation Haptic interfaces Mesh generation Hypertext systems Modeling Input devices Multimedia computing Interface phenomena This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 87 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Interface states Computer network reliability Musical instrument digital BT: Computer network interfaces management Ports (Computers) Network topology System buses Computer networks Computer languages UF: Mice flows UF: Programming languages BT: Communication systems BT: Formal languages Computers and information RT: Data structures processing Natural languages RT: Bit rate Software Cyber terrorism NT: Architecture description Cyber warfare languages Data communication C languages Delay estimation Command languages Distributed computing Database languages File servers Hardware design Firewalls (computing) languages Frame relay High level languages Hypercubes Markup languages IEEE 802.11 Standard Specification languages IEEE 802.11g Standard Style sheet languages IEEE 802.11n Standard Systems Modeling IEEE 802.16 Standard Language IEEE 802.3 Standard Visual BASIC IPTV WS-BPEL Internetworking LAN interconnection Computer mediated communication Middleware UF: Computer-mediated Multiprocessing systems communication Multiprocessor BT: Social network services interconnection Open systems Computer music Personal area networks USE: Computer generated music Ports (Computers) AND Radial basis function Music networks TCPIP Computer network management Web sites BT: Computer networks NT: Ad hoc networks RT: Bandwidth Computer network Computer security management Data security Content distribution Software defined networks networking Cyberspace Traffic control Diffserv networks NT: Computer network reliability Domain Name System Disruption tolerant Ethernet networking Google Management information Heterogeneous networks base IP networks Middleboxes Internet Network address translation Intserv networks Network synthesis Metropolitan area networks

Multiprocessor USE: Programming profession interconnection networks Network function Computer science virtualization BT: Computers and information Network security processing Network servers RT: Function approximation Next generation networking Logic Overlay networks Software Peer-to-peer computing NT: Computational Software defined neuroscience networking Formal languages Storage area networks Network theory (graphs) Token networks Programming Unicast Virtual private networks Computer science education Wide area networks UF: Computer engineering Wireless access points education BT: Engineering education Computer numerical control UF: CNC Computer security NC machines UF: Cyber security BT: Manufacturing automation Cyber-security RT: Digital control Cybersecurity Industrial control BT: Computers and information processing Computer operating systems Security USE: Operating systems RT: Access control Blacklisting Computer performance Computer network BT: Computers and information management processing Cryptography NT: Computer errors Data protection Performance loss Data security Eavesdropping Computer peripherals Invasive software UF: Computer terminals Operating systems Peripheral equipment Privacy BT: Computers and information NT: Application security processing Authentication RT: Computer displays Cloud computing security Computer graphics Computer crime Computer interfaces Computer hacking Device drivers Countermeasures Firewire (computer) Flash memories Cross-site scripting User interfaces Cyber espionage NT: Disk drives Cyber warfare Keyboards Cyberattack Modems Data integrity Printers Denial-of-service attack Firewalls (computing) Computer pipeline processing Honey pot (computing) USE: Pipeline processing Identity management systems Computer programming profession Internet security This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 89 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Mobile security Password Computer-aided learning Penetration testing USE: Computer aided instruction Permission Phishing Computer-assisted diagnosis USE: Computer aided diagnosis Computer simulation BT: Simulation Computer-mediated communication RT: EMTP USE: Computer mediated communication Computer software USE: Software Computerised axial tomography USE: Computed tomography Computer terminals USE: Computer peripherals Computerised instrumentation USE: Computerized Computer viruses instrumentation UF: Viruses (computer) BT: Invasive software Computerised monitoring RT: Anti-virus software USE: Computerized monitoring Computer crime Computer worms Computerised tomography NT: Malware USE: Computed tomography

Computer vision Computerized axial tomography BT: Robots USE: Computed tomography RT: Activity recognition Distributed vision networks Computerized instrumentation Gaze tracking UF: Computerised Image capture instrumentation Indoor navigation BT: Instrumentation and Pattern recognition measurement Pose estimation NT: Active appearance model Computerized monitoring Blob detection UF: Computerised monitoring Corner detection BT: Monitoring Face detection RT: Computer applications Interest point detection Smart cameras Computerized tomography Visual odometry USE: Computed tomography

Computer worms Computers UF: Worms (computer) UF: Computing technology BT: Invasive software BT: Computers and information RT: Computer crime processing Computer viruses RT: Cyberspace NT: Analog computers Computer-aided design Calculators USE: Design automation Microcomputers Parallel machines Computer-aided diagnosis Supercomputers USE: Computer aided diagnosis Tablet computers Wearable Computers Computer-aided instruction Wearable computers USE: Computer aided instruction This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 90 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Computers and information processing USE: Computers RT: Associative processing Biology computing Concatenated codes Computer industry BT: Programming Data processing Electronic learning Concrete Home computing BT: Building materials Information systems RT: Pressure vessels Logic circuits Multimedia computing Concurrency Multiprocessing systems USE: Concurrent computing NT: Approximate computing Computer applications Concurrency control Computer architecture BT: Computers and information Computer interfaces processing Computer networks RT: Distributed computing Computer performance Distributed databases Computer peripherals Multiprocessing systems Computer science Parallel processing Computer security Protocols Computers Synchronization Concurrency control NT: Processor scheduling DNA computing Data systems Concurrent computing Database machines UF: Concurrency Digital systems BT: Computation theory Distributed computing RT: Granular computing File servers Model checking Hardware High performance Concurrent engineering computing BT: Engineering - general Image processing RT: Product design Memory Project management Mobile computing Quality function deployment Molecular computing Research and development Multitasking management Open systems Time to market Optical computing Virtual manufacturing Parallel processing Pattern recognition Condition monitoring Pervasive computing BT: Preventive maintenance Petascale computing Platform virtualization Conditions of employment Probabilistic computing USE: Employee welfare Probability computing Quantum computing Conducting bodies Real-time systems USE: Conductors Software Software engineering Conducting materials System recovery BT: Materials Time sharing computer RT: Conductivity systems Conductors Virtual machine monitors Semiconductor materials NT: Electrolytes Computing technology This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 91 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Conductive adhesives Configuration management BT: Adhesives BT: Systems engineering and theory Conductive films RT: Complex systems BT: Films Maintenance engineering NT: Anisotropic conductive films System analysis and design

Conductivity Conformal mapping UF: Electric conductivity BT: Mathematics Electrical conductivity RT: Coplanar waveguides Resistivity Wave functions BT: Electric variables Waveguide components RT: Charge carriers Waveguide theory Conducting materials Conductivity measurement Connecting Grain boundaries USE: Joining processes Impact ionization Transmission line theory Connective tissue NT: Photoconductivity BT: Biological tissues Semiconductivity Transconductance Connectors BT: Electronic components Conductivity measurement NT: Plugs UF: Resistivity measurement Sockets BT: Electric variables measurement Consortia RT: Conductivity BT: Engineering management RT: Business Conductors UF: Conducting bodies Constellation diagram BT: Electric machines UF: Signal constellation RT: Cables BT: Digital modulation Conducting materials Core loss Constraint optimization Power cables BT: Design optimization Power distribution lines RT: Electronics packaging Power transmission lines Proximity effects Constraint theory Skin effect BT: Integer linear programming Thermal noise Three-phase electric power Construction Wire UF: Erection Wireless power BT: Industries transmission RT: Building materials Wiring Civil engineering Construction industry Conference management Structural engineering BT: Management NT: Buildings Green buildings Conferences Modular construction UF: Meetings (technical) Prefabricated construction Symposia Workshops Construction industry BT: Meetings BT: Industries RT: Building automation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 92 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Building materials Microwave ovens Buildings Construction Consumer protection Floors BT: Law Mortar Product safety engineering Shipbuilding industry RT: Censorship Smart cities Commercial law NT: Prefabricated construction Customer relationship management Consumer behavior Quality assurance UF: Consumer behaviour BT: Behavioral sciences Consumer-generated media RT: Consumer products USE: User-generated content Customer profiles Customer relationship Contact resistance management BT: Contacts Market opportunities Contactors Consumer behaviour BT: Switches USE: Consumer behavior Contacts Consumer electronics BT: Circuits and systems UF: Kindle RT: Semiconductor devices RT: Consumer products NT: Brushes Digital systems Contact resistance Firewire Ohmic contacts Microcomputers Video equipment Containers NT: Ambient intelligence BT: Material storage Audio systems Materials handling Home automation equipment Home computing RT: Bulk storage Low-power electronics Canning Microwave ovens Filling Multimedia systems Fuel storage Loading Consumer products Measurement BT: Manufactured products Pallets RT: Commercial law Production Consumer behavior Stacking Consumer electronics NT: Freight containers Domestic safety Electrical products Contamination Food industry BT: Materials science and Food manufacturing technology Food products RT: Chemical hazards Footwear industry Decontamination Market research Hazards Plastic products Impurities Product liability Microfiltration Product safety Pollution Watches Quality control NT: Clothing Radiation protection Games NT: Surface contamination Home appliances This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 93 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Content addressable memory USE: Associative memory Context-aware applications USE: Context-aware services Content addressable storage BT: Memory Context-aware computing RT: Content-based retrieval USE: Context-aware services

Content based retrieval Context-aware services USE: Content-based retrieval UF: Context aware* Context-aware applications Content delivery networks Context-aware computing USE: Content distribution BT: Ubiquitous computing networks Continents Content distribution networks BT: Geoscience UF: Content delivery networks NT: Africa BT: Computer networks Asia Australia Content management Europe BT: Electronic publishing North America Management South America RT: Document handling MPEG 7 Standard Contingency management Multimedia computing BT: Management Publish subscribe systems NT: Crisis management Semantic Web Disaster management Web design Mission critical systems Web sites Continuing education Content-based retrieval UF: Further education UF: Content based retrieval BT: Career development BT: Information retrieval Educational programs RT: Content addressable RT: Computer aided instruction storage Engineering education Management training Context Training BT: Professional communication Continuing professional development RT: Pragmatics UF: Life long learning BT: Human resource Context aware* management USE: Context-aware services RT: Qualifications Training Context awareness BT: Artificial intelligence Continuous improvement RT: Intelligent control UF: Kaizen Intelligent systems BT: Total quality management Knowledge acquisition RT: Production management Learning systems Quality awards Pervasive computing Semantic search Continuous phase modulation BT: Phase modulation Context modeling BT: Modeling Continuous production RT: Computational linguistics BT: Flow production systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 94 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Production control RT: Feedback RT: Process control Lyapunov methods Production management Control engineering Continuous systems BT: Control systems USE: Continuous time systems RT: Control engineering education Continuous time models Predictive control USE: Continuous time systems Control engineering computing Continuous time systems BT: Computer applications UF: Continuous systems RT: Control engineering Continuous time models education BT: Time factors Hardware-in-the loop simulation Continuous wavelet transforms BT: Wavelet transforms Control engineering education BT: Engineering education Continuous-stirred tank reactor RT: Control engineering BT: Chemical reactors Control engineering computing Continuously variable transmission USE: Mechanical power Control equipment transmission BT: Control systems RT: Manipulators Contract law Mechatronics BT: Law Robots RT: Contracts NT: Actuators Employment law Fasteners Microcontrollers Contract management Regulators BT: Contracts Servosystems Management Switches RT: Risk management Switchgear Telecontrol equipment Contracts Thermostats BT: Management RT: Business Control nonlinearities Contract law BT: Control theory Procurement RT: Nonlinear control systems Proposals NT: Backstepping NT: Contract management Feedback linearization Forward contracts Licenses Control system analysis Subcontracting BT: System analysis and design RT: Piecewise linear techniques Control charts NT: State-space methods UF: Cusum charts Shewhart charts Control system synthesis BT: Production management UF: Control systems synthesis RT: Control systems BT: Control systems Quality management RT: Circuit synthesis Hardware-in-the loop Control design simulation BT: Control systems Linearization techniques This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 95 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Piecewise linear techniques Controllability Cruise control Control systems Decentralized control RT: Actuators Delay systems Adaptive control Digital control Air traffic control Fault tolerant control Communication system Feedback control Feedback linearization Control charts Fluid flow control Cybernetics Fluidics Discrete-event systems Gaze tracking Discrete-time systems Homeostasis Estimation Linear feedback control Flexible structures systems Force control Magnetic variables control Game theory Mechanical variables H infinity control control Interconnected systems Medical control systems Inventory control Moisture control Legged locomotion Motion compensation Linear systems Networked control systems Linearization techniques Nonlinear control systems MIMO communication Open loop systems Manipulators Optical control Microcontrollers Optimal control Microsensors PD control Mobile robots PI control Neuromodulation Pneumatic systems Nonlinear systems Positive train control Parameter estimation Pressure control Poles and zeros Proportional control Real-time systems Radio control Robots Robot control Robustness SCADA systems Sensitivity Sensorless control Stability Sliding mode control State estimation Supervisory control Stochastic systems Thermal variables control Switched systems Traffic control Target tracking Time-varying systems Control systems synthesis Transfer functions USE: Control system synthesis Uncertain systems NT: Automatic control Control theory Automatic generation BT: Cybernetics control RT: Dynamics Bidirectional control Feedback circuits Brakes NT: Control nonlinearities CAMAC Iterative learning control Centralized control Observability Closed loop systems Control design Controllability Control engineering BT: Control systems Control equipment Control system synthesis Convection This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 96 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Mixed convection RT: Channel coding Rayleigh-Benard Digital multimedia convection broadcasting BT: Heat transfer Error correction Error correction codes Convergence Radio communication BT: Mathematics Satellite communication Telecommunications Convergence of numerical methods BT: Numerical analysis Convolutional neural networks BT: Artificial neural networks Converters RT: Machine learning UF: Convertors Switching convertors Convolvers BT: Power electronics BT: Convolution RT: Data conversion Pulse width modulation Coolants Pulse width modulation UF: Antifreeze materials inverters BT: Cooling Space vector pulse width RT: Space cooling modulation NT: Refrigerants NT: AC-AC converters DC-AC power converters Cooling Digital-to-frequency BT: Temperature control converters RT: Electronics cooling Frequency conversion Electronics packaging Modular multilevel Heat pipes converters Thermal engineering Power conversion NT: Air conditioning Pulse width modulation Cold plates converters Coolants Resonant converters Heat sinks Static power converters Immersion cooling Voltage-source converters Liquid cooling Wavelength converters Refrigeration Solar cooling Convertors Space cooling USE: Converters Thermal quenching Trigeneration Convex functions Ventilation UF: Convex optimization BT: Mathematics Cooperative cache USE: System performance Convex optimization USE: Convex functions Cooperative caching BT: System performance Convolution BT: Signal processing Cooperative communication RT: Deconvolution UF: Amplify-and-forward Numerical analysis cooperative communication NT: Convolvers BT: Collaborative work Wireless communication Convolutional codes RT: Communication UF: Trellis codes effectiveness BT: Codes This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 97 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Professional Trademarks communication NT: Intellectual property Software protection Cooperative networks USE: Cooperative systems Core dumps BT: System recovery Cooperative systems UF: Cooperative networks Core loss BT: Artificial intelligence UF: Core losses BT: Energy loss Cooperative work RT: Conductors USE: Collaborative work Transformers

Coordinate measuring machines Core losses UF: CMM USE: Core loss BT: Measurement RT: Inspection Core-shelf nanostructures Machine tools USE: Nanostructured materials Quality control Cornea Coplanar transmission lines BT: Eyes BT: Planar transmission lines NT: Coplanar waveguides Corner detection BT: Computer vision Coplanar waveguides Image processing UF: CPW RT: Image edge detection BT: Coplanar transmission lines Motion detection RT: Conformal mapping Electromagnetic Corona waveguides BT: Electric breakdown RT: Partial discharges Copper UF: Cu Coronary arteriosclerosis BT: Metals BT: Arteriosclerosis NT: Copper alloys Copper compounds Corporate acquisitions UF: Mergers Copper alloys BT: Organizational aspects BT: Copper RT: Business process re- RT: Alloying engineering

Copper compounds Corpse BT: Copper USE: Cadaver

Coprocessors Corpus callosum BT: Circuits UF: Callosal commissure Integrated circuits BT: Brain Microprocessors RT: Digital arithmetic Correlation BT: Statistics Copyright protection RT: Correlation coefficient BT: Legal factors NT: Autocorrelation RT: Plagiarism Public domain software Correlation coefficient Publishing BT: Statistics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 98 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Correlation USE: Cost benefit analysis Regression analysis Cost benefit analysis Correlators UF: Cost analysis BT: Electromagnetic radiation Cost-benefit analysis RT: Signal detection BT: Costs Signal processing RT: Functional point analysis

Corrosion Cost function BT: Surfaces BT: Optimization RT: Coatings Corrosion inhibitors Cost of living index Galvanizing USE: Economic indicators Grain boundaries Magnetic flux leakage Cost-benefit analysis Passivation USE: Cost benefit analysis

Corrosion inhibitors Cost-of-living index BT: Inhibitors USE: Economic indicators Materials RT: Corrosion Costing Galvanizing UF: Capital cost reduction Materials preparation Operating cost reduction Materials processing BT: Financial management NT: Cost accounting Corrugated surfaces BT: Rough surfaces Costs Surfaces BT: Economics RT: Cost accounting Cortical bone Econometrics BT: Bone tissue Exchange rates NT: Cost benefit analysis Cortical plasticity USE: Neuroplasticity Cotton BT: Agricultural products Cosmic gamma ray bursts Textiles USE: Gamma-ray bursts RT: Natural fibers Textile fibers Cosmic rays Textile industry BT: Extraterrestrial phenomena Weaving RT: Electrons Elementary particles Counseling Mesons USE: Employee welfare Neutrons Protons Counselling USE: Employee welfare Cost accounting UF: Valuation Counterfeit goods BT: Costing USE: Counterfeiting AND Management accounting Manufactured products RT: Costs Economics Counterfeiting Profitability UF: Counterfeit goods BT: Computer crime Cost analysis This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 99 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Countermeasures (computer) USE: Course correction BT: Computer security Data protection Courseware RT: Access control BT: Educational technology Anti-virus software RT: Authoring systems Blacklisting Computer aided instruction Firewalls (computing) Software

Counters Covariance matrices USE: Radiation detectors UF: Covariance matrix BT: Statistics Counting circuits BT: Circuits Covariance matrix RT: Logic circuits USE: Covariance matrices Radiation detector circuits Cows Coupled circuits UF: Cattle USE: Coupling circuits BT: Bovine

Coupled mode analysis CPU BT: Circuit analysis USE: Central Processing Unit RT: Multiconductor transmission lines CPW USE: Coplanar waveguides Couplers BT: Communications Cr technology USE: Chromium RT: Apertures Coupling circuits Cramer Rao bound Electromagnetic coupling USE: Cramer-Rao bounds NT: Directional couplers Cramer Rao bounds Coupling (process) USE: Cramer-Rao bounds USE: Joining processes Cramer-Rao bounds Coupling circuits UF: Cramer Rao bound UF: Coupled circuits Cramer Rao bounds BT: Circuits Cramer-Rao inequality RT: Couplers Information inequality BT: Estimation theory Couplings UF: Linkages Cramer-Rao inequality BT: Mechanical products USE: Cramer-Rao bounds RT: Fasteners Joining processes Cranes Machine components BT: Lifting equipment Shafts Cranial Course correction BT: Nervous system UF: Course-correction NT: Cranial pressure BT: Navigation RT: Aircraft navigation Cranial pressure Path planning BT: Cranial NT: Intracranial system Course-correction This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 100 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Cranium RT: Fertilizers BT: Head Greenhouses Irrigation Crawlers Water storage BT: Web search Yield estimation RT: Bot (Internet) Cross cultural communication CRC codes USE: Cross-cultural USE: Cyclic redundancy check communication codes Cross layer design Creativity BT: Communication systems BT: Innovation management RT: Ad hoc networks IEEE 802.16 Standard Credit cards Land mobile radio cellular UF: American Express systems Mastercard Military communication Visa gold Radio communication BT: Financial management Cross platform virtualization Creep USE: Application virtualization BT: Material properties Cross-cultural communication Criminal law UF: Cross cultural BT: Law communication BT: Global communication Crimping RT: Cultural differences BT: Joining processes Cross-platform virtualization Crisis management USE: Application virtualization BT: Contingency management Cross-site scripting Critical current density UF: XSS BT: Critical current density BT: Computer security (superconductivity) RT: Silicon compounds Crosstalk Superconducting materials UF: Crosstalk noise Thermal factors BT: Interference RT: Electromagnetic Critical current density (superconductivity) interference BT: Superconductivity Interchannel interference RT: Magnetic fields Transmission line theory NT: Critical current density Crosstalk noise Critical infrastructure USE: Crosstalk UF: Critical national infrastructure Crowdsourcing BT: Public infrastructure BT: Collaborative work Internet Critical national infrastructure RT: Collective intelligence USE: Critical infrastructure Distributed processing Mobile computing Crops Outsourcing BT: Agricultural products Social computing Vegetation Social network services This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 101 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Product development RT: Bitcoin Chaotic communication CRT Codes USE: Cathode ray tubes Communication system security Cruise control Computer security BT: Control systems Data handling Electromechanical systems Encoding RT: Velocity control Message authentication Privacy Cryobiology Random sequences BT: Biology Steganography Temperature measurement NT: Ciphers Cryptocurrency Cryogenic electronics Encryption BT: Industrial electronics Public key RT: Cryogenics Quantum cryptography Superconducting devices Random number Superconducting materials generation Side-channel attacks Cryogenics UF: Cryonics Crystal growth BT: Industry applications BT: Crystallization Temperature measurement RT: Epitaxial growth RT: Cryogenic electronics Semiconductor growth

Cryonics Crystal microstructure USE: Cryogenics BT: Crystals RT: Microstructure Cryotherapy BT: Medical treatment Crystalline materials Temperature measurement BT: Materials NT: Martensite Crypto currency Nanocrystals USE: Cryptocurrency Superlattices

Cryptocurrency Crystallisation UF: Crypto currency USE: Crystallization BT: Cryptography Currencies Crystallisers RT: Digital systems USE: Crystallizers Finance Online banking Crystallization NT: Bitcoin UF: Crystallisation BT: Crystallography Cryptographic NT: Crystal growth USE: Cryptography Crystallizers Cryptographic protocols UF: Crystallisers BT: Protocols BT: Chemical technology RT: Chemical reactors Cryptography Colloidal crystals UF: Cryptographic Crystallography BT: Data security Crystals Security This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 102 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Crystallography Curium BT: Crystals BT: Chemical elements RT: Crystallizers Diffraction Currencies X-ray detectors BT: Finance NT: Crystallization NT: Cryptocurrency

Crystals Current BT: Materials UF: Electric current RT: Crystallizers BT: Electric variables Epitaxial growth RT: Breakdown voltage Materials science and Current control technology Current limiters Molecular beam epitaxial Current measurement growth Current supplies Phonons Current transformers Piezoelectric materials NT: Bioimpedance Semiconductor materials Current slump Solids Dark current NT: Colloidal crystals Fault currents Crystal microstructure Leakage currents Crystallography Persistent currents Grain boundaries Short-circuit currents Grain size Threshold current Liquid crystals Current control CSMA UF: Current regulation USE: Multiaccess communication BT: Electric variables control RT: Current CSP Current measurement USE: Chip scale packaging Regulators Switches CSTR Switchgear USE: Chemical reactors NT: Electric current control Electrical ballasts CT scan USE: Computed tomography Current crowding USE: Proximity effects Cu USE: Copper Current density BT: Current measurement Cultural differences RT: Density measurement BT: Social implications of Particle measurements technology NT: Skin effect RT: Cross-cultural communication Current distribution Digital divide BT: Current measurement Memetics RT: Antenna theory Social intelligence Current limiters Curing BT: Power electronics BT: Materials processing RT: Current RT: Heat treatment Current measurement Kilns NT: Fault current limiters

Current measurement Interpolation UF: Electric current Least squares measurement approximation BT: Electric variables Splines (mathematics) measurement Surface fitting RT: Ammeters Current Custom integrated circuits Current control USE: Application specific Current limiters integrated circuits NT: Current density Current distribution Customer profiles BT: Customer relationship Current measurement (water) management USE: Sea measurements RT: Consumer behavior Market opportunities Current mode circuits USE: Current-mode circuits Customer relationship management BT: Management Current regulation RT: Consumer behavior USE: Current control Consumer protection Management information Current slump systems BT: Current Public relations Quality management Current supplies Supply chain management BT: Power supplies NT: Customer profiles RT: Current Customer satisfaction Customer services Current transformers Market research BT: Transformers Stakeholders RT: Current Customer satisfaction Current voltage characteristics BT: Customer relationship USE: Current-voltage management characteristics AND RT: Customer services Electric variables Market research Product customization Current-mode circuits Quality management UF: Current mode circuits NT: Quality of experience BT: Integrated circuits Quality of service

Current-voltage characteristics Customer services UF: Current voltage BT: Customer relationship characteristics management BT: Electric variables RT: Customer satisfaction

Curriculum development Cusum charts BT: Education courses USE: Control charts RT: Educational programs STEM Cutoff frequency BT: Integrated circuit modeling Curve fitting BT: Approximation methods Cutting fluids Visualization USE: Lubricants RT: Computer graphics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 104 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Cutting tools Cyber-physical systems BT: Production equipment UF: Cyberphysical systems RT: Blades BT: System of systems Dies RT: Collaboration Machine tools Embedded systems Metalworking machines Human computer Milling machines interaction NT: Water jet cutting Internet of Things Operating systems CVD Smart cities USE: Chemical vapor deposition Smart grids Wireless sensor networks Cyber attack USE: Cyberattack Cyber-security USE: Computer security Cyber crime USE: Computer crime Cyber-space USE: Cyberspace Cyber eavesdropping USE: Eavesdropping Cyberattack UF: Cyber attack Cyber espionage BT: Computer crime UF: Cyber spying Computer security Cyberespionage RT: Cyber warfare Cyberspying Cyberethics BT: Computer security Information security Cybercare RT: Malware BT: Biomedical equipment Trojan horses Medical services

Cyber ethics Cybercrime USE: Cyberethics USE: Computer crime

Cyber security Cybereavesdropping USE: Computer security USE: Eavesdropping

Cyber spying Cyberespionage USE: Cyber espionage USE: Cyber espionage

Cyber terrorism Cyberethics UF: Cyberterrorism UF: Cyber ethics BT: Computer crime BT: Ethics Terrorism RT: Behavioral sciences RT: Computer networks Cyberattack Intellectual property Cyber warfare Privacy UF: Cyberwarfare Social implications of BT: Computer security technology RT: Computer networks Cyberattack Cybernetics National security UF: Biocybernetics BT: Systems, man, and Cyber-crime cybernetics USE: Computer crime RT: Automata Cognitive systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 105 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Control systems Data communication Cyberspace Error analysis Econometrics Error correction Ergonomics Information theory Information theory Noise Learning systems NT: Cyclic redundancy check Man-machine systems codes Neural networks Radial basis function Cyclic redundancy check codes networks UF: CRC codes Robots BT: Codes NT: Adaptive systems Cyclic redundancy check Cognitive informatics RT: Decoding Cognitive science Error analysis Control theory Error correction Decision theory Econophysics Cyclones Emergent phenomena UF: Polar cyclones Intelligent control BT: Geoscience Linear feedback control NT: Hurricanes systems Tropical cyclones

Cyberphysical systems Cyclonic storms USE: Cyber-physical systems USE: Tropical cyclones

Cybersecurity Cyclotrons USE: Computer security BT: Particle accelerators

Cyberspace Cyphers UF: Cyber-space USE: Ciphers BT: Communication networks Computer networks D-HEMTs RT: Computers UF: Depletion mode HEMTs Cybernetics Depletion-mode HEMTs Electromagnetics BT: HEMTs Internet Telematics D/A Virtual reality USE: Digital-analog conversion World Wide Web D/A conversion Cyberspying USE: Digital-analog conversion USE: Cyber espionage D/A converters Cyberterrorism USE: Digital-analog conversion USE: Cyber terrorism D2D Cyberwarfare USE: Device-to-device USE: Cyber warfare communication

Cyborgs Dairy products USE: Man-machine systems UF: Butter Cheese Cyclic redundancy check Milk BT: Mathematics BT: Agricultural products RT: Algorithms Food products This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 106 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Agriculture RT: Data assimilation Data handling Damascene integration Data integration BT: Electronic equipment Database systems manufacture Information management RT: Very large scale integration Data analysis Dampers UF: Data analytics USE: Shock absorbers BT: Data processing RT: Big Data applications Damping Data collection BT: Mechanical factors Data mining RT: Hysteresis Formal concept analysis Impedance Text categorization Oscillators NT: Business intelligence Propagation Data science Shock absorbers Itemsets Stability Training data Transfer functions Transient response Data analytics Vibration control USE: Data analysis Vibrations Data assimilation DAQ BT: Data handling USE: Data acquisition RT: Data aggregation Meteorology Dark current BT: Current Data buses UF: Computer buses Dark energy BT: Communication systems BT: Physics Data communication RT: CAMAC Dark states Computer interfaces BT: Laser applications Fastbus IEEE 1394 Standard Darmstadtium NT: Backplanes BT: Chemical elements Data centers DARPANET UF: Data centres USE: ARPANET BT: Data systems

Data acquisition Data centres UF: DAQ USE: Data centers BT: Data systems RT: Analog-digital conversion Data collection Data handling BT: Data processing Data processing RT: Data analysis High energy physics Information processing instrumentation computing NT: Big Data Measurement Data aggregation NT: Fastbus User-generated content Data communication UF: Data transmission Data aggregation BT: Communication systems BT: Data collection RT: Ad hoc networks This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 107 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

B-ISDN Data conversion CAMAC BT: Data systems Computer networks RT: Converters Cyclic redundancy check NT: Analog-digital conversion Data dissemination Digital-analog conversion Data security Digital communication Data dissemination Distributed computing BT: Data handling Extranets Information sharing Fastbus RT: Data communication File servers Data integration Firewire Mobile computing IEEE 1394 Standard ISDN Data encapsulation Modems BT: Data handling Multiprocessor interconnection Data engineering Office automation BT: Data systems Packet loss Personal area networks Data envelopment analysis TCPIP BT: Linear programming Telecontrol equipment Teletext Data flow computing Videotex BT: Multiprocessing systems NT: Asynchronous communication Data flow graphs Asynchronous transfer USE: Flow graphs mode Data buses Data fusion Data transfer USE: Data integration Telecommunication buffers Telemetry Data gloves Teleprinting BT: Haptic interfaces Visible light communication Data handling Data compression UF: Electronic data interchange BT: Data systems BT: Data systems RT: Encoding RT: Big Data Entropy coding Buffer storage Fourier series Cryptography Quantization (signal) Data acquisition Rate-distortion Data aggregation Streaming media Data processing Transcoding Data security Video compression Encoding NT: Adaptive coding Enterprise resource Audio compression planning Huffman coding NT: Data assimilation Source coding Data dissemination Test data compression Data encapsulation Transform coding Data integrity Document handling Data confidentiality Merging USE: Data privacy Sorting

Data integration Database systems UF: Data fusion Enterprise resource BT: Data processing planning RT: Data aggregation Fastbus Data dissemination Signal processing Smart cards Data integrity Technology management UF: Data quality NT: Associative processing BT: Computer security Business data processing Data handling Data analysis RT: Digital preservation Data collection Quality assurance Data integration Quality control Data preprocessing Data transfer Data mining Information exchange BT: Pattern recognition Spreadsheet programs RT: Artificial intelligence Text processing Big Data Virtual enterprises Business intelligence Data analysis Data protection Data visualization BT: Data privacy Knowledge discovery RT: Computer security Nearest neighbor methods Data security NT: Anomaly detection Information security Association rules Privacy Data privacy NT: Countermeasures Text analysis (computer) Text mining Web mining Data quality USE: Data integrity Data models BT: Modeling Data science RT: Database systems BT: Data analysis Semantic Web RT: Knowledge discovery Semantic technology Neuroinformatics NT: Metadata Data security Data preprocessing UF: Security of data BT: Data processing System privacy management Data privacy BT: Security UF: Data confidentiality RT: Communication system Privacy preserving data security mining Computer crime BT: Data mining Computer network RT: Privacy management NT: Data protection Computer security Data communication Data processing Data handling BT: Data systems Data protection RT: CAMAC Privacy Computers and information Virtual private networks processing NT: Cryptography Data acquisition Message authentication Data handling This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 109 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Data storage Data mining USE: Memory Modeling NT: Isosurfaces Data storage systems BT: Data systems Data warehouses RT: Big Data BT: Data systems Storage area networks RT: NoSQL databases NT: Triples (Data structure) Database languages Data structures UF: Query languages BT: Computer architecture BT: Computer languages RT: Computer languages RT: Database systems Database systems NT: Structured Query Language File systems NoSQL databases Database machines NT: Arrays BT: Computers and information Binary decision diagrams processing Null value RT: Database systems Octrees Information systems Persistent identifiers Table lookup Database management systems Tree data structures USE: Database systems

Data systems Database systems BT: Computers and information UF: Database management processing systems Information systems Technical data RT: Big Data applications management NT: Data acquisition BT: Databases Data centers Information systems Data compression RT: Data aggregation Data conversion Data models Data engineering Data processing Data handling Data structures Data processing Database languages Data storage systems Database machines Data warehouses File systems Hypertext systems Data transfer Information architecture BT: Data communication Linked data Data processing Triples (Data structure) RT: Packet switching NT: Audio databases NT: Handover Deductive databases Image databases Data transmission Indexes USE: Data communication Multimedia databases NoSQL databases Data visualisation Object oriented databases USE: Data visualization Query processing

Data visualization Databases UF: Data visualisation BT: Professional BT: Computer graphics communication User interfaces NT: Database systems RT: Biomedical imaging Deductive databases This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 110 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Distributed databases USE: DC-DC power converters Image databases Multimedia databases DC-DC power conversion Object oriented databases USE: DC-DC power converters Relational databases Spatial databases DC-DC power converters Transaction databases UF: DC-DC converters Visual databases DC-DC power conversion DC-DC power convertors Daylighting BT: Power conversion BT: Lighting RT: Machine vector control Pulse width modulation DBR inverters USE: Distributed Bragg reflectors NT: Buck converters

DBS DC-DC power convertors USE: Satellite broadcasting USE: DC-DC power converters

DC generators DCT UF: Direct current generators USE: Discrete cosine transforms BT: DC machines Generators DDoS RT: Pulse width modulation USE: Distributed denial-of-service Rotating machines attack

DC machines DDoS attack UF: Direct current machines USE: Computer crime BT: Electric machines RT: Pulse width modulation DDSM Sensorless control USE: Delta-sigma modulation NT: DC generators DC motors De broglie hypothesis Homopolar machines USE: Matter waves

DC motors De Broglie methods UF: Direct current motors USE: Matter waves BT: DC machines Motors De-noising RT: Pulse width modulation USE: Noise reduction Pulse width modulation inverters Dead reckoning Space vector pulse width BT: Navigation modulation NT: Brushless DC motors Deadlocks (computers) Commutators USE: System recovery

DC-AC power converters Deafness UF: DC-AC power convertors BT: Medical conditions BT: Converters RT: Sign language Power conversion Death DC-AC power convertors BT: Pathological processes USE: DC-AC power converters NT: Asphyxia

DC-DC converters Debugging This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 111 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: System recovery TOPSIS

Deburring Decision trees BT: Surface finishing UF: Tree searching RT: Drilling BT: Decision theory Machining NT: Classification tree analysis Polishing machines Regression tree analysis

Decentralised control Decoder USE: Decentralized control USE: Decoding

Decentralized control Decoding UF: Decentralised control UF: Decoder Distrbuted control BT: Information theory Distributed generation RT: Codecs Distributed modeling Codes BT: Control systems Cyclic redundancy check RT: Flexible structures codes NT: Distributed parameter Demodulation systems Parity check codes Product codes Decision analysis Signal processing BT: Decision making Space-time codes Information analysis Speech codecs Video codecs Decision feedback equalizers NT: Maximum likelihood BT: Equalizers decoding

Decision making Decontamination BT: Management BT: Materials handling RT: Decision support systems RT: Chemical technology Expert systems Contamination Planning Environmental monitoring Risk analysis Pollution control Signal detection Purification Stakeholders Strategic planning Deconvolution TOPSIS BT: Inverse problems NT: Analytic hierarchy process RT: Convolution Collective intelligence Integral equations Decision analysis Numerical analysis Distributed decision making Signal processing Game theory Signal restoration Pattern classification Persuasive systems Decorrelation BT: Signal processing Decision support systems BT: Artificial intelligence Deductive databases RT: Competitive intelligence UF: Intelligent databases Decision making BT: Database systems Knowledge based systems Databases RT: Knowledge based systems Decision theory BT: Cybernetics Deep etching NT: Decision trees USE: Etching This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 112 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Computer networks Deep learning Multiaccess communication USE: Machine learning Speech processing

Deep reinforcement learning Delay lines USE: Machine learning BT: Delay systems RT: Delay effects Deep-space communications BT: Space communications Delay lock loops RT: Telemetry USE: Tracking loops

Defence industry Delay systems USE: Defense industry BT: Control systems RT: Delay effects Defense industry Telerobotics UF: Defence industry NT: Added delay BT: Industries Delay lines RT: Military equipment Weapons Delays BT: Timing Defibrillation NT: Delay estimation BT: Medical treatment RT: Cardiology Delta modulation Fibrillation BT: Analog-digital conversion Digital signal processing Definitions NT: Delta-sigma modulation USE: Terminology Sigma-delta modulation

Deformable models Delta sigma BT: Modeling USE: Sigma-delta modulation

Deformation Delta sigma modulators USE: Strain USE: Delta-sigma modulation

Degenerative diseases Delta-sigma modulation BT: Diseases UF: DDSM Delta sigma modulators Degradation BT: Delta modulation BT: Materials science and technology Demagnetisation USE: Demagnetization Delamination BT: Materials testing Demagnetization UF: Demagnetisation Delay effects BT: Magnetics UF: Time delay BT: Electromagnetic analysis Demand forecasting RT: Delay lines BT: Forecasting Delay systems RT: Production planning Distortion Phase distortion Demand response NT: Propagation delay BT: Power demand

Delay estimation Demand-side management BT: Delays BT: Energy management This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 113 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Power system planning Vehicle-to-grid Density function theory USE: Density functional theory Dementia BT: Diseases Density functional theory NT: Alzheimer's disease UF: Density function Density function theory Demodulation Density-function UF: Demodulators BT: Quantum mechanics BT: Modulation RT: Amplitude modulation Density measurement Decoding BT: Measurement Detectors RT: Bone density Frequency modulation Current density Mixers Pressure gauges Modems NT: Hydrometers Phase modulation Pulse modulation Density-function Receivers USE: Density functional theory Signal detection Dental Demodulators USE: Dentistry USE: Demodulation Dentistry Demography UF: Dental BT: Social factors BT: Medical treatment

Demultiplexing Dependability management BT: Multiplexing BT: Management RT: Arrayed waveguide gratings RT: Reliability Safety management Dendrites (neurons) UF: Dendrons Depletion mode HEMTs BT: Neurons USE: D-HEMTs

Dendrons Depletion-mode HEMTs USE: Dendrites (neurons) USE: D-HEMTs

Denial-of-service attack Deployable structures UF: DoS attack USE: Flexible structures BT: Communication system security DER Computer security USE: Density estimation robust NT: Distributed denial-of-service algorithm attack Derailments Denoising USE: Railway accidents USE: Noise reduction Dermatology Density estimation robust algorithm BT: Medical specialties UF: DER BT: Algorithms Dermis BT: Skin Density function USE: Density functional theory Desalination This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 114 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Water conservation Design for quality Water resources BT: Design methodology RT: Reverse osmosis RT: Process design Product design Description logic Quality assurance BT: Knowledge representation Quality control Ontologies Quality management Total quality management Design USE: Design methodology Design for testability UF: Design-for-test Design automation Design-for-testing UF: CAD BT: Design methodology Circuit CAD RT: Built-in self-test Circuit design (CAD) Logic design Circuit layout CAD Logic testing Computer aided design Computer-aided design Design methodology BT: Electronic design UF: Design automation and methodology BT: Electronic design RT: Automatic test pattern automation and methodology generation RT: Ergonomics Circuit simulation Industrial engineering Design tools Logic design Hardware design Optical design techniques languages Rapid prototyping Laser sintering System analysis and design SPICE NT: Design for disassembly NT: CADCAM Design for experiments Logic design Design for manufacture PSCAD Design for quality Design for testability Design engineering Design standards BT: Engineering - general Design tools RT: Design optimization Graphics NT: Design tools Green design Integrated design Design for disassembly Process design BT: Design methodology Product design RT: Pollution Prototypes Process design Technical drawing Product design Time to market Waste reduction User centered design Virtual prototyping Design for experiments BT: Design methodology Design optimization BT: Optimization methods Design for manufacturabilty RT: Design engineering USE: Design for manufacture NT: Constraint optimization

Design for manufacture Design standards UF: Design for manufacturabilty BT: Design methodology BT: Design methodology RT: Design tools Design tools BT: Design engineering This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 115 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Design methodology USE: Doped fiber amplifiers RT: Design automation Design for manufacture DFIG Instruments USE: Doubly fed induction Media generators Product design Visualization DFT USE: Discrete Fourier transforms Design-for-test USE: Design for testability DGPS USE: Global Positioning System Design-for-testing USE: Design for testability DH-HEMTs UF: Double heterojunction Desktop publishing HEMTs BT: Electronic publishing BT: HEMTs Publishing RT: Document handling DHBTs Office automation USE: Double heterojunction Page description languages bipolar transistors Text processing Diabetes Detection (signal) UF: Diabetic USE: Signal detection BT: Medical conditions

Detection algorithms Diabetic BT: Algorithms USE: Diabetes

Detectors Diacs BT: Sensor systems and USE: Thyristors applications RT: Chemical sensors Diagnosis (medical) Demodulation USE: Medical diagnosis Nonlinear filters Readout electronics Diagnostic expert systems NT: Envelope detectors BT: Expert systems Semiconductor detectors RT: Failure analysis Fault diagnosis Deuterium BT: Hydrogen Diagnostic radiography BT: Radiography Device chargers RT: Attenuation USE: Battery chargers Magnetic resonance imaging Device drivers Medical diagnosis BT: Input-output programs X-ray detection RT: Computer peripherals Diakoptics Device-to-device communication BT: System analysis and design UF: D2D BT: Communication systems Diamagnetic materials RT: Base stations BT: Magnetic materials Cellular networks Diamond DFA UF: Diamonds This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 116 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Minerals RT: Dielectric measurement Insulation Diamond carbon Lightning USE: Diamond-like carbon NT: Arc discharges Discharges (electric) Diamond like carbon Electrostatic discharges USE: Diamond-like carbon Flashover Glow discharges Diamond-like carbon Partial discharges UF: Diamond carbon Surface discharges Diamond like carbon Vacuum breakdown Hard amorphous carbon BT: Amorphous materials Dielectric constant RT: Biomedical materials BT: Dielectrics Thin films RT: Capacitors Tissue engineering Permittivity NT: High-k gate dielectrics Diamonds USE: Diamond Dielectric devices BT: Dielectrics DICOM RT: Dielectric materials UF: Digital Imaging and Dielectric resonator Communications in Medicine antennas BT: Biomedical imaging Electrets Digital communication NT: Capacitors Ferroelectric devices Dictionaries Piezoelectric devices BT: Information services Pyroelectric devices Terminology Writing Dielectric elastomer actuators BT: Actuators Dictionary learning NT: Dielectric elastomers USE: Machine learning Dielectric elastomers Die attach UF: Smart elastomers USE: Microassembly BT: Dielectric elastomer actuators Die bonding RT: Smart materials USE: Microassembly Dielectric electroactive polymer actuators Die casting USE: Actuators BT: Casting RT: Automobile manufacture Dielectric films Dies BT: Dielectric materials Materials handling Films Melt processing RT: Planarization Metals Thick films Thin films Dielectric barrier discharges NT: Dielectric thin films USE: Discharges (electric) Piezoelectric films

Dielectric breakdown Dielectric liquids UF: Dielectric strength UF: Liquid insulation Voltage breakdown BT: Dielectric materials BT: Electric breakdown This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 117 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Dielectric loss measurement Resonance BT: Dielectric measurement RT: Dielectric losses Dielectric strength USE: Dielectric breakdown Dielectric losses UF: Dielelectric loss Dielectric substrate BT: Dielectrics USE: Dielectric substrates RT: Dielectric loss measurement Dielectric substrates Insulation UF: Dielectric substrate BT: Dielectrics Dielectric materials UF: Antiferroelectric materials Dielectric thin films Dielelectric material BT: Dielectric films Paraelectric materials RT: Dielectric materials BT: Materials Polymer films RT: Ceramics Semiconductor films Dielectric devices Dielectric thin films Dielectrics Electrohydrodynamics UF: Dielectric properties Electrokinetics Electrical insulation Ferroelectric materials BT: Dielectrics and electrical Glass insulation Insulation NT: Dielectric constant Loaded waveguides Dielectric devices Permittivity Dielectric losses Plastic insulation Dielectric substrates NT: Dielectric films Dielectrophoresis Dielectric liquids Electrohydrodynamics Electrets Electrokinetics Epoxy resins Electrostriction High-k dielectric materials Piezoelectric materials Dielectrics and electrical insulation NT: Dielectrics Dielectric measurement Electric breakdown UF: Dielectric measurements Insulation BT: Electric variables measurement Dielectrophoresis RT: Capacitance measurement BT: Dielectrics Dielectric breakdown Electromagnetic Dielelectric loss measurements USE: Dielectric losses NT: Dielectric loss measurement Dielelectric material Permittivity measurement USE: Dielectric materials

Dielectric measurements Dies USE: Dielectric measurement UF: Dies (machine tools) BT: Machine tools Dielectric properties RT: Cutting tools USE: Dielectrics Die casting Presses Dielectric resonator antennas BT: Antennas Dies (machine tools) RT: Dielectric devices USE: Dies This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 118 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Differentiated services networks Diesel engines USE: Diffserv networks BT: Internal combustion engines Diffraction RT: Automotive engineering UF: Wave diffraction BT: Interference Difference engines RT: Bragg gratings BT: Calculators Crystallography Fourier transforms Difference equations X-ray detection BT: Equations RT: Discrete-time systems Diffraction gratings Numerical analysis BT: Optical diffraction Piecewise linear techniques RT: Bragg gratings

Differential algebraic equations DiffServ BT: Differential equations USE: Diffserv networks

Differential amplifiers Diffserv networks BT: Amplifiers UF: DiffServ Differentiated services Differential equations networks BT: Calculus BT: Computer networks RT: Higher order statistics Distributed computing Integrodifferential equations RT: Internet Numerical analysis Multimedia communication Predator prey systems Stability analysis Diffusion bonding Time invariant systems BT: Bonding processes NT: Differential algebraic RT: Ceramics equations Navier-Stokes equations Diffusion processes Partial differential equations BT: Semiconductor device Transfer functions manufacture RT: Brownian motion Differential gears Buffer layers USE: Gears Charge carrier processes Image denoising Differential GPS Image processing USE: Global Positioning System Stochastic processes NT: Electromigration Differential phase shift keying UF: DPKS Diffusion tensor imaging Differential phase-shift UF: DT-MRI keying DTI BT: Phase modulation Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging Differential phase-shift keying BT: Magnetic resonance USE: Differential phase shift imaging keying RT: Brain

Differential quadrature phase shift keying Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging BT: Quadrature phase shift USE: Diffusion tensor imaging keying Digestive system This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 119 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Anatomy NT: Circuit topology NT: Colon Digital integrated circuits Esophagus Gallbladder Digital communication Gastrointestinal tract UF: Digital radio Intestines BT: Communication systems Liver RT: Bluetooth Mouth Data communication Pancreas Digital recording Pharynx Musical instrument digital Stomach interfaces Tongue Synchronous digital hierarchy Digital alloys TCPIP BT: Metals Teleprinting NT: Baseband Digital arithmetic DICOM UF: Computer arithmetic DSL BT: Arithmetic Digital audio broadcasting RT: Calculators Digital images Coprocessors Digital multimedia broadcasting Digital art Digital video broadcasting BT: Art ISDN Passband Digital audio broadcasting Portable media players UF: Digital audio broadcasts SONET Podcast Spread spectrum BT: Broadcasting communication Digital communication RT: Audio systems Digital control Portable media players UF: Computer control NT: Digital Radio Mondiale BT: Control systems Digital audio players RT: Computer numerical control NT: Programmable control Digital audio broadcasts USE: Digital audio broadcasting Digital divide BT: Sociology Digital audio players RT: Cultural differences UF: MP3 Economics BT: Digital audio broadcasting Ethical aspects Gender issues Digital camera Social factors USE: Digital cameras Social implications of technology Digital cameras UF: Digital camera Digital elevation modeling BT: Cameras USE: Digital elevation models RT: Digital photography Digital elevation models Digital circuits UF: Digital elevation modeling BT: Circuits Digital terrain model RT: Logic circuits Digital terrain modeling Pulse circuits Digital terrain models Switching circuits BT: Modeling This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 120 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Terrain mapping BT: Broadcasting Digital communication Digital factories RT: Convolutional codes USE: Virtual manufacturing Digital TV Land mobile radio cellular Digital filters systems BT: Filters MPEG 4 Standard RT: Frequency response MPEG 7 Standard Line enhancers MPEG standards Optical resonators Multimedia communication Transversal filters Radio broadcasting NT: Finite impulse response Video on demand filters Digital multimedia broadcasts Digital forensics USE: Digital multimedia BT: Forensics broadcasting

Digital image Digital photography USE: Digital images BT: Photography RT: CCD image sensors Digital images Cameras UF: Digital image Digital cameras Digital imaging Transform coding BT: Digital communication NT: Pixel Digital preservation BT: Digital systems Digital imaging Information management USE: Digital images RT: Data integrity

Digital Imaging and Communications in Digital printing Medicine BT: Printing USE: DICOM RT: Publishing

Digital integrated circuits Digital publishing BT: Digital circuits USE: Electronic publishing Integrated circuits RT: Adders Digital radio Logic circuits USE: Digital communication Multiplying circuits Digital Radio Mondiale Digital magnetic recording BT: Digital audio broadcasting BT: Magnetic recording Digital recording Digital micromirror devices BT: Recording USE: Micromirrors RT: Digital communication Digital systems Digital modulation BT: Modulation Digital relays NT: Constellation diagram BT: Relays Partial response signaling Digital rights management Digital multimedia broadcasting BT: Intellectual property UF: DMB RT: Computer crime Digital multimedia Software protection broadcasts This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 121 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Digital sequences Internet USE: Sequences Local area networks Metropolitan area networks Digital signal processing Token networks UF: DSP Virtual artifact BT: Signal processing RT: Aerospace and electronic Digital terrain model systems USE: Digital elevation models Digital TV Fast Fourier transforms Digital terrain modeling OFDM USE: Digital elevation models NT: Delta modulation Digital signal processing Digital terrain models chips USE: Digital elevation models

Digital signal processing chips Digital to analog conversion BT: Digital signal processing USE: Digital-analog conversion

Digital signal processors Digital to analog converters BT: Circuits USE: Digital-analog conversion RT: Signal processing Digital TV Digital signatures BT: TV BT: Security RT: Digital multimedia RT: Message authentication broadcasting Message systems Digital signal processing HbbTV Standards Digital simulation NT: Analog TV BT: Simulation HDTV RT: Computer aided analysis IPTV Modeling Power system analysis Digital versatile discs computing USE: DVD NT: Discrete event simulation Digital video broadcasting Digital subscriber lines UF: Digital video broadcasts USE: DSL BT: Broadcasting Digital communication Digital subscriber loops USE: DSL Digital video broadcasts USE: Digital video broadcasting Digital systems BT: Computers and information Digital video discs processing USE: DVD RT: Communication systems Computational and artificial Digital watermarking intelligence USE: Watermarking Consumer electronics Cryptocurrency Digital-analog Digital recording USE: Digital-analog conversion Persistent identifiers Personal communication Digital-analog conversion networks UF: D/A NT: Digital preservation D/A conversion ISDN D/A converters This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 122 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Digital to analog conversion Diodes Digital to analog converters BT: Electronic components Digital-analog Voltage multipliers Digital-analog converters RT: Breakdown voltage Digital-analogue conversion Optical transmitters Digital-analogue converters Semiconductor diodes Digital-to-analog conversion NT: Diode lasers Digital-to-analog converters BT: Data conversion DIP RT: Interpolation USE: Electronics packaging

Digital-analog converters Dip coating USE: Digital-analog conversion BT: Coatings

Digital-analogue conversion Dipole antennas USE: Digital-analog conversion BT: Antennas

Digital-analogue converters Direct broadcast satellites USE: Digital-analog conversion USE: Satellite broadcasting

Digital-controlled oscillators Direct current generators BT: Oscillators USE: DC generators

Digital-to-analog conversion Direct current machines USE: Digital-analog conversion USE: DC machines

Digital-to-analog converters Direct current motors USE: Digital-analog conversion USE: DC motors

Digital-to-frequency converters Direct sequence CDMA BT: Converters USE: Direct-sequence code- division multiple access Dike USE: Levee Direct sequence code division multiple access USE: Direct-sequence code- DIL division multiple access USE: Electronics packaging Direct sequence spread spectrum Dimension reduction communication USE: Dimensionality reduction BT: Radio spectrum management Dimensionality reduction RT: Bandwidth UF: Dimension reduction Modulation BT: Information retrieval Machine learning Direct-sequence CDMA Statistics USE: Direct-sequence code- division multiple access Dinosaurs BT: Animals Direct-sequence code-division multiple access Diode lasers UF: Direct sequence CDMA UF: Laser diodes Direct sequence code BT: Diodes division multiple access Lasers Direct-sequence CDMA BT: Multiaccess communication This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 123 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Ozone generators Direction of arrival Ozonizers USE: Direction-of-arrival BT: Dielectric breakdown estimation RT: Electrostatic processes Gas discharge devices Direction of arrival estimation Gases USE: Direction-of-arrival Ionization estimation Plasmas

Direction-finding Discrete cosine transforms USE: Navigation UF: DCT BT: Discrete transforms Direction-of-arrival estimation RT: Chebyshev approximation UF: Bearing estimation DOA estimation Discrete element method Direction of arrival USE: Finite element analysis Direction of arrival estimation Discrete event simulation Estimation of the direction BT: Digital simulation of arrival NT: Time warp simulation BT: Parameter estimation RT: Array signal processing Discrete event systems Position measurement USE: Discrete-event systems Spectral analysis Time of arrival estimation Discrete Fourier transforms UF: DFT Directional antennas BT: Fourier transforms BT: Antennas RT: Signal processing

Directional couplers Discrete Fournier transforms BT: Couplers USE: Discrete transforms RT: Hybrid junctions Discrete time systems Directive antennas USE: Discrete-time systems BT: Antennas Discrete transforms Disaster and recovery UF: Discrete Fournier USE: Disaster management transforms BT: Transforms Disaster management NT: Discrete cosine transforms UF: Disaster and recovery Disaster planning Discrete wavelet transforms BT: Contingency management BT: Wavelet transforms RT: Finite impulse response Disaster planning filters USE: Disaster management Discrete-event systems Discharge lamps UF: Discrete event systems BT: Lamps BT: Signal analysis NT: High intensity discharge RT: Control systems lamps Manufacturing Petri nets Discharges (electric) Production systems UF: Dielectric barrier discharges Gas discharges Discrete-time systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 124 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Discrete time systems BT: Object oriented BT: Time factors programming RT: Asymptotic stability RT: Materials handling Control systems Difference equations Dispersed power generation NT: Sampled data systems USE: Distributed power generation Discussion forums BT: Collaboration Dispersion UF: Dispersion effect Diseases Dispersion measurement BT: Medical conditions Dispersion relations RT: Medical diagnosis Dispersive Metastasis BT: Signal processing NT: Acquired immune RT: Refractive index deficiency syndrome NT: Chromatic dispersion Alcoholism Optical fiber dispersion Arteriosclerosis Arthritis Dispersion effect Bacterial infections USE: Dispersion Bone diseases Cancer Dispersion measurement Cardiovascular diseases USE: Dispersion Degenerative diseases Dementia Dispersion relations Epilepsy USE: Dispersion Human immunodeficiency virus Dispersive Infectious diseases USE: Dispersion Influenza Multiple sclerosis Displacement control Neurological diseases BT: Mechanical variables Parasitic diseases control Parkinson's disease Pathogens Displacement measurement Retinopathy BT: Mechanical variables measurement Disk drives BT: Computer peripherals Displays RT: Disk recording BT: Optical devices Perpendicular magnetic RT: Character generation recording Graphics Thin film transistors Disk recording User interfaces BT: Recording NT: Active matrix technology RT: Disk drives Cathode ray tubes Computer displays Disks (structures) Flat panel displays USE: Structural discs Head-mounted displays Head-up displays Dismissal (employment) Liquid crystal devices USE: Termination of employment Microdisplays Readout electronics Dispatching Three-dimensional displays Two dimensional displays This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 125 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Distortion Disruption tolerant networking BT: Computer network Distortion measurement management UF: Acoustic distortion measurement Dissolved air flotation Electric distortion USE: Wastewater treatment measurement Optical distortion Dissolved gas analysis measurement BT: Fault diagnosis BT: Measurement RT: Distortion Distance Noise measurement USE: Distance measurement NT: Total harmonic distortion

Distance learning Distrbuted control BT: Learning (artificial USE: Decentralized control intelligence) RT: Adaptive learning Distributed algorithms Mobile learning BT: Algorithms

Distance measurement Distributed amplifiers UF: Distance BT: Amplifiers Ranging BT: Measurement Distributed antennas RT: Micrometers USE: Antenna arrays Position measurement NT: Euclidean distance Distributed Bragg reflectors UF: DBR Distance relays BT: Mirrors USE: Protective relaying RT: Integrated optics Vertical cavity surface Distillation columns emitting lasers USE: Distillation equipment Distributed computing Distillation equipment BT: Computers and information UF: Distillation columns processing BT: Chemical technology RT: Computer networks Concurrency control Distortion Data communication UF: Distortion information Local area networks BT: Signal processing Metropolitan area networks RT: Delay effects Mobile agents Distortion measurement Multiprocessing systems Image restoration Semantic Web Interference Software agents Noise Software architecture Rate distortion theory NT: Client-server systems Signal restoration Collaborative work NT: Acoustic distortion Diffserv networks Four-wave mixing Distributed databases Jitter Distributed information Nonlinear distortion systems Phase distortion Internet Metacomputing Distortion information Peer-to-peer computing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 126 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Millimeter wave circuits Distributed databases Transmission lines BT: Databases Distributed computing Distributed parameter systems RT: Concurrency control BT: Decentralized control NoSQL databases Distributed power generation Distributed decision making UF: Dispersed power BT: Decision making generation Distributed generation Distributed denial-of-service attack Embedded power UF: DDoS generation BT: Denial-of-service attack BT: Power generation RT: Botnet RT: Hybrid power systems Computer crime Microgrids Vehicle-to-grid Distributed feedback devices UF: Distributed feedback lasers Distributed processing BT: Laser applications UF: Volunteer computing RT: Feedback circuits BT: System analysis and design Optical feedback RT: Crowdsourcing Software defined Distributed feedback lasers networking USE: Distributed feedback NT: Edge computing devices Message passing

Distributed generation Distributed vision networks USE: Decentralized control AND UF: Distributed vision Distributed power processing generation BT: System analysis and design RT: Computer vision Distributed information systems Embedded computing BT: Distributed computing Smart cameras Information systems Wireless sensor networks NT: Distributed management Publish-subscribe Distributed vision processing USE: Distributed vision networks Distributed management BT: Distributed information Distribution functions systems BT: Statistical distributions Management RT: Probability RT: Collaborative intelligence Probability density function

Distributed management task force Distribution of electric power USE: DMTF USE: Power distribution

Distributed modeling Distribution strategy USE: Decentralized control BT: Marketing management

Distributed parameter circuits Disturbance observers UF: Nonuniform transmission BT: Observers lines RT: Adaptive control Transmission line circuits Robust control BT: Circuits RT: Microwave circuits Diversity gain This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 127 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Diversity methods DOA estimation Diversity methods USE: Direction-of-arrival UF: Diversity gain estimation BT: Transmitters RT: Fading channels Docking stations Multipath channels USE: Computer interfaces Radio communication Doctor Diversity reception USE: Medical services BT: Signal resolution RT: SIMO communication Document delivery SISO communication BT: Information services Telecommunications NT: Ask IEEE

Diversity schemes Document handling BT: Telecommunication BT: Data handling network reliability Information management RT: Fading channels RT: Content management Interference Desktop publishing Information retrieval Diving equipment Office automation USE: Underwater equipment Publishing Semantic Web DMB Text processing USE: Digital multimedia NT: Document image broadcasting processing Portable document format DMTF UF: Distributed management Document image processing task force BT: Document handling BT: Standards organizations RT: Portable document format

DMTF Standards Documentation BT: Standards publications UF: Computer documentation RT: Common Information Model Software documentation (computing) BT: Writing RT: Engineering drawings DNA Manuals BT: Genetics Software RT: Biological cells Biological information DoD theory USE: US Department of Defense Cloning DNA computing DoE Genetic communication USE: US Department of Energy Molecular biophysics NT: Genetic mutations Dogs BT: Animals DNA computing BT: Computers and information Dolphins processing BT: Marine animals Nanobioscience RT: DNA Domain Name System Molecular computing BT: Computer networks This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 128 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Motion measurement Domain specific languages Velocity measurement UF: Domain-specific languages BT: Specification languages Doppler radar BT: Radar Domain-specific languages RT: Doppler effect USE: Domain specific languages Doppler measurement

Domestic appliances Doppler shift USE: Home appliances BT: Doppler effect

Domestic induction appliances DoS attack USE: Home appliances USE: Computer crime AND Denial-of-service attack Domestic safety UF: Safety in the home Dosimetry BT: Safety UF: Radiation dosimetry RT: Accidents BT: Measurement Consumer products RT: Collimators Electrical safety Neutron capture therapy Occupational health Phantoms Occupational safety Radiation detectors Smoke detectors Radiation monitoring Radiation protection Doped fiber amplifiers UF: DFA DOT BT: Optical amplifiers USE: US Department of Transportation Doping BT: Materials preparation Double gate FETs RT: Semiconductor device USE: Double-gate FETs doping Silicon devices Double heterojunction bipolar transistors NT: Doping profiles UF: DHBTs BT: Heterojunction bipolar Doping profiles transistors BT: Doping RT: Optimization Double heterojunction HEMTs Thin film devices USE: DH-HEMTs

Doppler Double-gate FETs USE: Doppler effect UF: Double gate FETs BT: Field effect transistors Doppler effect RT: Silicon-on-insulator UF: Doppler BT: Waves Doubly fed induction generators RT: Doppler measurement UF: DFIG Doppler radar BT: Induction generators NT: Doppler shift RT: Wind turbines

Doppler measurement Downlink BT: Measurement BT: Satellite communication RT: Doppler effect RT: Land mobile radio cellular Doppler radar systems Frequency measurement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 129 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

DP industry USE: Computer industry Driver free cars USE: Autonomous automobiles DPKS USE: Differential phase shift Driver-free car keying USE: Autonomous automobiles

Drag Driverless automobiles BT: Fluid dynamics USE: Autonomous automobiles RT: Friction Driverless cars Drain avalanche hot carrier injection USE: Autonomous automobiles UF: Drain avalanche hot-carrier injection Drives BT: Hot carrier injection BT: Machinery RT: Mechanical power Drain avalanche hot-carrier injection transmission USE: Drain avalanche hot carrier Sensorless control injection Torque converters NT: Hydraulic drives DRAM Motor drives USE: DRAM chips Variable speed drives

DRAM chips Drones UF: DRAM BT: Unmanned aerial vehicles BT: Random access memory Drug delivery Drift velocity UF: Drug delivery systems USE: Electron mobility BT: Biomedical engineering NT: Targeted drug delivery Drilling UF: Drilling (machining) Drug delivery systems BT: Machining USE: Drug delivery RT: Boring Deburring Drugs Drilling machines BT: Pharmaceuticals Geoengineering RT: Biochemistry Oil drilling Chemical analysis Chemistry Drilling (machining) Chemotherapy USE: Drilling Molecular biomarkers NT: Antibiotics Drilling machines Antidepressants BT: Machine tools Aspirin RT: Drilling Cancer drugs Insulin Drilling oil USE: Oil drilling Dry etching BT: Etching Driver circuits BT: Circuits DSL RT: Power transistors UF: Digital subscriber lines Digital subscriber loops Driver free automobiles BT: Digital communication USE: Autonomous automobiles This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 130 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

DSP BT: Measurement techniques USE: Digital signal processing NT: Steady-state

DT-MRI Dynamic program analysis USE: Diffusion tensor imaging USE: Performance analysis

DTI Dynamic programming USE: Diffusion tensor imaging BT: Algorithms RT: Markov processes Dual band Neural networks UF: Dual-band Viterbi algorithm Dualband BT: Mobile communication Dynamic range RT: GSM BT: Measurement Mobile handsets Roaming Dynamic scheduling BT: Scheduling Dual inline packaging USE: Electronics packaging Dynamic service delivery USE: Network resource Dual-band management USE: Dual band Dynamic spectrum access Dualband BT: Radio transceivers USE: Dual band RT: Telecommunication network topology Ducts Wireless communication BT: Structural shapes RT: Air conditioning Dynamic voltage scaling Vents UF: Self-dynamic voltage scaling Dusty plasma BT: Computer architecture USE: Dusty plasmas Voltage

Dusty plasmas Dynamics UF: Dusty plasma BT: Mechanical factors BT: Plasma properties RT: Control theory Force DVD Friction UF: DVD-ROM Vibrations Digital versatile discs NT: Aerodynamics Digital video discs Elastodynamics BT: Video coding Electrodynamics RT: Video recording Hydrodynamics Magnetohydrodynamics DVD-ROM USE: DVD Dynamo USE: Generators Dynamic algorithms USE: Heuristic algorithms Dynamometers UF: Dyno Dynamic compiler BT: Force measurement BT: Runtime Meters Power measurement Dynamic equilibrium Torque measurement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 131 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Cochlear implants Dyno USE: Dynamometers EAROM USE: EPROM Dysprosium BT: Chemical elements Earphones USE: Headphones Dysprosium compounds BT: Europium Earth BT: Geoscience E health Planets USE: Electronic healthcare RT: Geophysics Remote sensing E learning Soil USE: Electronic learning Terrain factors Terrain mapping E-banking USE: Online banking Earth atmosphere USE: Terrestrial atmosphere E-books USE: Electronic publishing Earth observation system USE: Earth Observing System E-commerce USE: Electronic commerce Earth Observing System UF: EOS E-currency Earth observation system USE: Online banking BT: Artificial satellites Observers E-government NT: Global Earth Observation USE: Electronic government System of Systems

E-health records Earth science USE: Electronic medical records USE: Geoscience

E-learning earthing USE: Electronic learning USE: Grounding

E-mail Earthquake engineering USE: Electronic mail UF: Seismic retrofitting BT: Earthquakes E-publishing RT: Seismology USE: Electronic publishing Earthquakes E-reader BT: Geoscience USE: Electronic publishing RT: Seismic waves Seismology E-voting NT: Earthquake engineering USE: Electronic voting Eavesdropping E-waste UF: Cyber eavesdropping USE: Electronic waste Cybereavesdropping BT: Privacy Ear RT: Computer security BT: Head Sense organs ECC This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 132 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Elliptic curve cryptography Mathematics AND Profitability Error correction codes Regression analysis Statistics ECCM NT: Economic forecasting USE: Electronic countermeasures Economic forecasting ECG BT: Econometrics USE: Electrocardiography Forecasting RT: Economic indicators Echo cancellation USE: Echo cancellers Economic indicators UF: Cost of living index Echo cancellers Cost-of-living index UF: Echo cancellation GDP BT: Active noise reduction GNP Gross domestic product Echo interference Gross national product BT: Interference Harmonised index of RT: Clutter consumer prices TV interference Harmonized index of consumer prices Echocardiography Index of production UF: ECHOEG Interest rates BT: Cardiography RPI Retail price index ECHOEG BT: Economics USE: Echocardiography RT: Economic forecasting Exchange rates ECM NT: Share prices USE: Electronic countermeasures Economics Eco design BT: Engineering management USE: Ecodesign RT: Bankruptcy Commercial law Eco-design Cost accounting USE: Ecodesign Digital divide Econophysics Ecodesign Finance UF: Eco design Planning Eco-design NT: Costs BT: Green design Econometrics RT: Energy conservation Economic indicators Environmental factors Electronic commerce Environmental economics Ecology Exchange rates BT: Environmental factors Fuel economy International trade Ecommerce Macroeconomics USE: Electronic commerce Microeconomics Monopoly Econometrics Oligopoly BT: Economics Power generation RT: Costs economics Cybernetics Profitability This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 133 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Stock markets Mobile computing Supply and demand Wireless sensor networks Trade agreements Venture capital Edge detection Virtual enterprises USE: Image edge detection

Economies of scale Editorials BT: Microeconomics BT: IEEE indexing RT: Industrial economics EDTV Econophysics USE: HDTV BT: Cybernetics RT: Chaos Education Complexity theory UF: Inverted classroom Economics Reverse teaching Fractals Teaching Information theory RT: Personnel Knowledge acquisition NT: Adaptive learning Nonlinear dynamical Career development systems Education courses Philosophical Educational institutions considerations Educational programs Science - general Educational technology Engineering education Ecosystems Training BT: Environmental factors NT: Wetlands Education courses BT: Education EDA RT: Educational programs USE: Electronic design STEM automation and methodology NT: Curriculum development Open Educational Eddy current losses Resources USE: Eddy currents Educational institutions Eddy current testing UF: Colleges BT: Eddy currents Schools RT: Finite element analysis Universities BT: Education Eddy currents UF: Eddy current losses Educational programs BT: Electromagnetic induction BT: Education RT: Magnetic losses RT: Curriculum development NT: Eddy current testing Education courses NT: Accreditation EDFA Continuing education USE: Erbium-doped fiber Pre-college programs amplifiers STEM Scholarships Edge computing Self-study courses UF: Fog computing Seminars BT: Application virtualization Tutorials Distributed processing RT: Cloud computing Educational robots Computer applications BT: Robots This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 134 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Engineering education Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues Educational technology Eigenplaces UF: Audio-visual instructional Eigenvalues aids BT: Mathematics Instructional aids RT: Functional analysis Programmed instruction Linear algebra BT: Education Vectors RT: Audio-visual systems Visualization EKG NT: Computer aided instruction USE: Electrocardiography Courseware Electronic learning Elastic computing BT: Cloud computing EEG Resource management USE: Electroencephalography Elastic optical networks EEPROM USE: Optical fiber networks USE: EPROM Elastic recovery Effective mass BT: Materials testing BT: Energy states Elasticity EFFF BT: Material properties USE: Field-flow fractionation RT: Strain

Effluents Elastodynamics BT: Waste materials BT: Dynamics RT: Flue gases RT: Seismic waves Industrial waste Vibrations Waste disposal Waste management Elastography Water pollution BT: Biomedical imaging

Ehealth Elbow USE: Electronic healthcare BT: Extremities

Eigenfunctions Elderly USE: Eigenvalues and USE: Senior citizens eigenfunctions Elearning Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues USE: Electronic learning USE: Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Electrets BT: Dielectric materials Eigenplaces RT: Capacitors USE: Eigenvalues and Ceramics eigenfunctions Dielectric devices

Eigenvalues Electric admittance USE: Eigenvalues and USE: Admittance eigenfunctions Electric ballast Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions USE: Electronic ballasts UF: Eigenfunctions This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 135 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Electric breakdown NT: Acoustoelectric effects UF: Breakdown Casimir effect BT: Dielectrics and electrical Nonuniform electric fields insulation RT: Aging Electric generators Fault currents BT: Generators NT: Avalanche breakdown RT: Nanogenerators Corona Dielectric breakdown Electric heating Sparks USE: Resistance heating

Electric characteristics Electric impedance USE: Electric variables USE: Impedance

Electric coils Electric machines USE: Coils BT: Machinery RT: Windings Electric condensers NT: AC machines USE: Capacitors Alternators Brushless machines Electric conductivity Compressors USE: Conductivity Conductors DC machines Electric current Electric fences USE: Current Generators Permanent magnet Electric current control machines BT: Current control Rotating machines RT: Power control Rotors Power transmission Stators Voltage control Washing machines NT: Power factor correction Shunts (electrical) Electric motors BT: Motors Electric current measurement NT: Planar motors USE: Current measurement Electric potential Electric distortion measurement BT: Electric variables USE: Distortion measurement Electric power Electric fences USE: Power electronics AND BT: Electric machines Power systems

Electric field Electric resistance USE: Electric fields UF: Electrical resistivity BT: Resistance Electric fields UF: Electric field Electric sensing devices BT: Electromagnetic fields BT: Sensor systems and RT: Electrohydrodynamics applications Electrokinetics Electrostatic analysis Electric shock Electrostatic processes UF: Shock Maxwell equations BT: Bioelectric phenomena Synchrotrons RT: Accidents This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 136 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Electrical accidents Power system control Grounding Reactive power control Occupational health Voltage control Occupational safety Safety Electric variables measurement BT: Measurement Electric stimulation therapy RT: Electric variables USE: Electrical stimulation Electromagnetic measurements Electric utilities Frequency measurement USE: Electricity supply industry Gain measurement AND Integrated circuit Power industry measurements Noise measurement Electric variables Oscilloscopes UF: Current voltage Phase measurement characteristics Pulse measurements Electric characteristics Transducers Electrical characteristics NT: Admittance measurement BT: Instrumentation and Ammeters measurement Attenuation measurement RT: Electric variables control Capacitance measurement Electric variables Conductivity measurement measurement Current measurement Frequency Dielectric measurement NT: Admittance Electrical resistance Capacitance measurement Capacitance-voltage Electrostatic measurements characteristics Energy measurement Conductivity Impedance measurement Current Inductance measurement Current-voltage Partial discharge characteristics measurement Electric potential Phasor measurement units Gain Power measurement Impedance Q measurement Impedance matching Transmission line Inductance measurements Permittivity Voltage measurement Piezoresistance Q-factor Electric vehicle charging Resistance UF: EV charging Voltage BT: Battery chargers Wiring Electric vehicles

Electric variables control Electric vehicles BT: Power engineering and BT: Land vehicles energy RT: Charging stations RT: Electric variables NT: Battery powered vehicles Frequency control Electric vehicle charging Phase control Fuel cell vehicles Regulators Hybrid electric vehicles NT: Current control Solar powered vehicles Gain control Vehicle-to-grid Power control This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 137 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Electrical accidents BT: Power industry BT: Accidents RT: Electrical products industry RT: Bioelectric phenomena Electricity supply industry Electric shock Electronics industry Electrical safety Electrical fault detection Electrical appliances BT: Circuit faults USE: Electrical products Electrical insulation Electrical ballast USE: Dielectrics USE: Electronic ballasts Electrical products Electrical ballasts UF: Electrical appliances BT: Current control BT: Electrical products industry Lighting Manufactured products RT: High intensity discharge RT: Consumer products lamps NT: Washing machines Inductors Resistors Electrical products industry BT: Manufacturing industries Electrical brain stimulation RT: Electrical equipment USE: Electrical stimulation industry Electronics industry Electrical capacitance tomography NT: Electrical products BT: Tomography Electrical resistance measurement Electrical characteristics UF: Ohmmeters USE: Electric variables BT: Electric variables measurement Electrical conductivity RT: Resistance USE: Conductivity Electrical resistivity Electrical double layer capacitors USE: Electric resistance USE: Supercapacitors Electrical safety Electrical engineering BT: Power system protection BT: Engineering - general RT: Domestic safety RT: Engineering profession Electrical accidents Research and development Islanding NT: Electrical engineering Partial discharge computing measurement NT: Fault protection Electrical engineering computing Grounding BT: Electrical engineering RT: Computer applications Electrical stimulation UF: Electric stimulation therapy Electrical engineering education Electrical brain stimulation BT: Engineering education Microelectronic stimulation NT: Electronics engineering Spinal cord stimulation education BT: Medical treatment

Electrical engineering industry Electrically alterable read only memory BT: Industries USE: EPROM

Electrical equipment industry This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 138 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Electrically erasable programmable read only USE: Electricity supply industry memory deregulation USE: EPROM Electricity supply industry liberalization Electricity USE: Electricity supply industry BT: Science - general deregulation NT: Photoelectricity Piezoelectricity Electricity supply industry privatisation Pyroelectricity USE: Electricity supply industry Thermoelectricity deregulation Triboelectricity Electricity supply industry privatization Electricity grids USE: Electricity supply industry USE: Power grids deregulation

Electricity market Electricity trading USE: Electricity supply industry USE: Power markets

Electricity markets Electro hydraulics USE: Power markets USE: Electrohydraulics

Electricity supply industry Electro oculography UF: Electric utilities USE: Electrooculography Electricity market Power supply industry Electro-chromic devices BT: Power industry USE: Electrochromic devices RT: Electrical equipment industry Electro-fluid dynamics Power demand USE: Electrohydrodynamics Power distribution Power quality Electro-oculography Power system faults USE: Electrooculography Power system planning Power system restoration Electro-optic deflectors Public infrastructure USE: Electrooptic deflectors NT: Electricity supply industry deregulation Electro-optic devices USE: Electrooptic devices Electricity supply industry deregulation UF: Electricity supply industry Electro-optic effects liberalisation USE: Electrooptic effects Electricity supply industry liberalization Electro-optic modulators Electricity supply industry USE: Electrooptic modulators privatisation Electricity supply industry Electro-osmosis privatization BT: Osmosis BT: Electricity supply industry Power generation Electroacoustic devices economics USE: Acoustoelectric devices RT: Power system economics NT: Power markets Electroacoustic effects USE: Acoustoelectric effects Electricity supply industry liberalisation Electroactive polymer actuators This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 139 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Actuators Electrodeless lamps BT: Lamps Electroactive polymers USE: Polymers Electrodes BT: Electronic components Electrobiology RT: Air gaps USE: Bioelectric phenomena Electron emission Electron tubes Electrocardiography Metal-insulator structures UF: ECG Spark gaps EKG NT: Anodes BT: Cardiography Cathodes RT: Biomedical equipment Microelectrodes

Electrochemical devices Electrodynamics BT: Industry applications BT: Dynamics RT: Electrochemical processes Waves Power engineering and RT: Electromagnetic fields energy Electron beams Synapses Electron optics NT: Amperometric sensors Electron tubes Batteries Ion beams Battery management Particle beam optics systems NT: Electromagnetic wave Fuel cells polarization Supercapacitors Electroencephalography Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy UF: EEG BT: Spectroscopy BT: Biomedical measurement RT: Electrochemical processes RT: Bioelectric phenomena Biomedical equipment Electrochemical machining Brain UF: Electrolytic machining Electrooculography BT: Machining Medical diagnosis RT: Micromachining Electrofluid dynamics Electrochemical processes USE: Electrohydrodynamics UF: Electrolysis BT: Industry applications Electrohydraulics RT: Chemical industry UF: Electro hydraulics Electrochemical devices BT: Hydraulic systems Electrochemical impedance RT: Fluid flow spectroscopy Liquids Electrolytes Magnetohydrodynamics

Electrochromic devices Electrohydrodynamics UF: Electro-chromic devices UF: Electro-fluid dynamics BT: Electrooptic devices Electrofluid dynamics RT: Electrochromism Electrostrictive hydrodynamics Electrochromism BT: Dielectrics BT: Electrooptic effects Hydrodynamics RT: Color RT: Dielectric materials Electrochromic devices Electric fields Electrokinetics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 140 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Electromagnetic Electrokinetics compatibility and interference BT: Dielectrics NT: Immunity testing RT: Dielectric materials Reverberation chambers Electric fields Electrohydrodynamics Electromagnetic compatibility and interference Electroluminescence RT: Electromagnetic BT: Luminescence interference RT: Electrooptic effects Open area test sites Organic light emitting TEM cells diodes NT: Electromagnetic NT: Electroluminescent devices compatibility Electromagnetics Electroluminescent devices Interference BT: Electroluminescence Light sources Electromagnetic coupling Luminescent devices BT: Electromagnetics RT: Electrooptic devices RT: Circulators Couplers Electrolysis Electromagnetic induction USE: Electrochemical processes Electromagnetic shielding NT: Mutual coupling Electrolytes Optical coupling BT: Conducting materials RT: Electrochemical processes Electromagnetic devices Supercapacitors BT: Electromagnetics RT: Magnetic gears Electrolytic machining NT: Baluns USE: Electrochemical machining Electromagnetic diffraction Electromagnetic analysis BT: Electromagnetic BT: Electromagnetics propagation RT: Electrostatic analysis RT: Electromagnetic fields Magnetic analysis NT: Optical diffraction Mie scattering Physical theory of NT: Air gaps diffraction Characteristic mode X-ray diffraction analysis Computational Electromagnetic field theory electromagnetics BT: Electromagnetic fields Delay effects RT: Computational Electromagnetic fields electromagnetics Electromagnetic forces Optical fiber theory Electromagnetic refraction Permeability Electromagnetic fields Spark gaps BT: Electromagnetic analysis Time-domain analysis RT: Computational electromagnetics Electromagnetic beams Electrodynamics USE: Beams Electromagnetic diffraction Electromagnetic Electromagnetic compatibility propagation UF: EMC Electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic reflection This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 141 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Electromagnetic refraction Launching Electromagnetic scattering (electromagnetic) Magnetic fields BT: Propulsion Mie scattering RT: Electromagnetic forces NT: Electric fields Electrothermal launching Electromagnetic field theory NT: Coilguns Electromagnetic spectrum Railguns Windings Electromagnetic measurements Electromagnetic forces BT: Measurement BT: Electromagnetic analysis RT: Anechoic chambers RT: Electromagnetic launching Antenna measurements Magnetic forces Dielectric measurement Mie scattering Electric variables measurement Electromagnetic guns Frequency measurement USE: Electromagnetic launching Mie scattering Reflectometry Electromagnetic heating Wavelength measurement UF: Microwave heating NT: Electromagnetic modeling BT: Heating systems Linearity RT: Hyperthermia Microwave measurement Induction heating Millimeter wave measurements Electromagnetic induction Parameter extraction UF: Induction (electromagnetic) Polarimetry BT: Electromagnetics Radiometry RT: Electromagnetic coupling Submillimeter wave Geomagnetism measurements NT: Eddy currents Inductive power Electromagnetic metamaterials transmission BT: Electromagnetics Metamaterials Electromagnetic interference RT: Optical metamaterials UF: EMI Photonics Electromagnetic noise NT: Terahertz metamaterials RF interference Radio interference Electromagnetic model BT: Interference USE: Electromagnetic modeling RT: Crosstalk Electromagnetic Electromagnetic modeling compatibility and interference UF: Electromagnetic model Environmental factors Electromagnetic modelling Immunity testing BT: Electromagnetic Noise measurements Open area test sites TEM cells Electromagnetic modelling NT: Radiofrequency USE: Electromagnetic modeling interference Specific absorption rate Electromagnetic noise USE: Electromagnetic Electromagnetic launching interference UF: Electromagnetic guns Electromagnetic propulsion Electromagnetic propagation

UF: Electromagnetic wave Correlators propagation Electromagnetic wave BT: Antennas and propagation absorption Propagation Frequency RT: Electromagnetic fields Gamma-rays Electromagnetic transients Line-of-sight propagation Electromagnetic waveguides Electromagnetic radiative interference Magnetostatic waves BT: Interference Mie scattering Waves Electromagnetic reflection NT: Electromagnetic diffraction UF: Electromagnetic wave Electromagnetic reflection propagation in absorbing media BT: Electromagnetic Electromagnetic reflection propagation Microwave propagation Reflection Millimeter wave RT: Electromagnetic fields propagation Electromagnetic scattering Optical propagation Reflectometry Propagation constant NT: Optical reflection Propagation losses Radio propagation Electromagnetic refraction Radiowave propagation BT: Electromagnetic analysis Submillimeter wave RT: Electromagnetic fields propagation UHF propagation Electromagnetic scattering UF: Electromagnetic wave Electromagnetic propagation in absorbing scattering media Electromagnetic waves BT: Electromagnetic BT: Scattering propagation RT: Electromagnetic fields Electromagnetic reflection Electromagnetic propulsion Electromagnetic transients USE: Electromagnetic launching Waves NT: Coherence Electromagnetic pulse Mie scattering USE: EMP radiation effects Optical scattering Polarization Electromagnetic pulse propagation Radar scattering USE: Electromagnetic transients Raman scattering Rayleigh scattering Electromagnetic pulse scattering USE: Electromagnetic transients Electromagnetic shielding BT: Electromagnetics Electromagnetic radiation RT: EMP radiation effects BT: Electromagnetics Electromagnetic coupling RT: Electromagnetic fields NT: Cable shielding Electromagnetic wave Magnetic shielding polarization Terahertz radiation Electromagnetic spectrum Waves BT: Electromagnetic fields X-ray detection X-ray detectors Electromagnetic transient program X-rays USE: EMTP NT: Bremsstrahlung This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 143 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Electromagnetic transients Helical antennas UF: Electromagnetic pulse Microwave devices propagation Microwave propagation Electromagnetic pulse Optical fibers scattering Propagation BT: Electromagnetics Waveguide discontinuities RT: Electromagnetic NT: Hollow waveguides propagation Loaded waveguides Electromagnetic scattering Planar waveguides Transient analysis Rectangular waveguides NT: EMP radiation effects Waveguide components EMTDC Waveguide lasers EMTP Waveguide theory Power system transients Surges Electromagnetic waves USE: Electromagnetic scattering Electromagnetic transients DC USE: EMTDC Electromagnetics BT: Electromagnetic Electromagnetic transients including DC compatibility and interference USE: EMTDC RT: Cyberspace Neuroradiology Electromagnetic wave absorption NT: Electromagnetic analysis BT: Electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic coupling Electromagnetic devices Electromagnetic wave attenuation Electromagnetic induction USE: Attenuation Electromagnetic metamaterials Electromagnetic wave polarisation Electromagnetic radiation USE: Electromagnetic wave Electromagnetic shielding polarization Electromagnetic transients Proximity effects Electromagnetic wave polarization UF: Electromagnetic wave Electromagnets polarisation BT: Magnets BT: Electrodynamics RT: Coils RT: Electromagnetic radiation Magnetic confinement Photonic band gap Magnetic levitation NT: Superconducting magnets Electromagnetic wave propagation USE: Electromagnetic Electromechanical devices propagation BT: Electromechanical systems NT: Armature Electromagnetic wave reflection SAW filters USE: Electromagnetic reflection Electromechanical sensors Electromagnetic wave scattering BT: Sensors USE: Electromagnetic scattering NT: Microsensors

Electromagnetic waveguides Electromechanical systems BT: Transmission lines BT: Industry applications RT: Coaxial cables NT: Cruise control Coplanar waveguides Electromechanical devices Electromagnetic propagation Electromigration This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 144 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Diffusion processes Semiconductivity Semiconductor devices Electromyography Single electron devices UF: EMG Thick film devices BT: Biomedical measurement Thin film devices RT: Bioelectric phenomena Tunneling Vacuum technology Electron accelerators BT: Particle accelerators Electron emission RT: Electron beams UF: Field electron emission Electron sources Secondary electron Electrons emission BT: Nuclear and plasma Electron beam applications sciences BT: Electron beams RT: Cathodes RT: Flyback transformers Electrodes Scanning electron Electron beams microscopy Electron guns Electron multipliers Electron beam pumping Electron sources USE: Laser excitation Electron tubes Electrons Electron beams Photoelectricity BT: Particle beams Thermionic emission RT: Electrodynamics Vacuum arcs Electron accelerators Vacuum breakdown Electron emission NT: Ballistic transport Electron sources Electrons Electron guns Flyback transformers BT: Electron devices Free electron lasers RT: Electron emission Gyrotrons Relativistic effects Electron microscopy Transmission electron BT: Microscopy microscopy NT: Photoelectron microscopy NT: Electron beam applications Scanning electron microscopy Electron carriers Transmission electron USE: Charge carrier processes microscopy

Electron devices Electron mobility RT: Threshold current UF: Drift velocity NT: Cathode ray tubes BT: Charge carrier processes Electron guns RT: Plasma properties Electron multipliers Electron tubes Electron multipliers Mechatronics BT: Electron devices Microelectromechanical RT: Electron emission systems Electron tubes Microfluidics Photomultipliers Micromechanical devices Photoelectricity Electron optics Photovoltaic cells BT: Optics Quantum computing Particle beam optics Quantum well devices RT: Electrodynamics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 145 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Stripboard circuit Electron paramagnetic resonance UF: Biological EPR Electronic commerce Electron spin resonance UF: E-commerce BT: Spectroscopy Ecommerce BT: Economics Electron sources RT: Financial management BT: Electrons Internet RT: Electron accelerators Marketing management Electron beams Online banking Electron emission Supply chain management Virtual enterprises Electron spin resonance USE: Electron paramagnetic Electronic components resonance BT: Components, packaging, and manufacturing technology Electron traps NT: Capacitors BT: Charge carrier processes Coils RT: Leakage currents Connectors Reliability Diodes Electrodes Electron tubes Fuses UF: Thermionic valves Inductors Tubes Resistors Vacuum tubes Structural plates BT: Electron devices Switches RT: Anodes Transducers Cathodes Electrodes Electronic counter-countermeasures Electrodynamics USE: Electronic countermeasures Electron emission Electron multipliers Electronic countermeasures Gettering UF: ECCM NT: Field emitter arrays ECM Klystrons Electronic counter- Magnetrons countermeasures Thyratrons BT: Electronic warfare RT: Jamming Electronic ballasts Military communication UF: Ballasts Radar countermeasures Electric ballast Radio communication Electrical ballast countermeasures BT: Ballistic transport Spread spectrum communication Electronic banking Spread spectrum radar USE: Online banking Weapons

Electronic books Electronic currency USE: Electronic publishing USE: Online banking

Electronic circuits Electronic data interchange BT: Circuits USE: Data handling NT: Breadboard circuit Central Processing Unit Electronic design automation and Multivibrators methodology This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 146 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: EDA Learning (artificial NT: Design automation intelligence) Design methodology RT: Computer aided instruction Computers and information Electronic equipment processing BT: Electronics industry Electronic mail RT: Electronic equipment Internet manufacture Learning management Electronic equipment systems testing TV Low-power electronics Training NT: Electronic voting systems Wide area networks Microelectronics NT: Mobile learning Organic electronics Smart devices Electronic mail Soft electronics UF: E-mail Email Electronic equipment manufacture Mail (electronic) BT: Components, packaging, BT: Message systems and manufacturing technology RT: Blogs RT: Electronic equipment Electronic learning Electronics industry Office automation Optical device fabrication Postal services NT: Damascene integration Social network services Micromachining Voice mail Radiation hardening NT: Unified messaging (electronics) Unsolicited electronic mail Semiconductor device manufacture Electronic medical prescriptions BT: Medical treatment Electronic equipment testing RT: Electronic medical records BT: Testing RT: Electronic equipment Electronic medical records TEM cells UF: E-health records NT: Immunity testing Electronic health records BT: Medical information Electronic government systems UF: E-government RT: Electronic medical BT: Government prescriptions Patient monitoring Electronic health records USE: Electronic medical records Electronic messaging UF: Text messaging Electronic healthcare BT: Message systems UF: E health NT: Instant messaging Ehealth Unified messaging BT: Information processing Medical services Electronic music BT: Music Electronic learning NT: Synthesizers UF: E learning E-learning Electronic noses Elearning BT: Chemical analysis BT: Educational technology RT: Intelligent sensors

Electronic packaging thermal management UF: E-waste BT: Thermal management of WEEE electronics Waste electrical and electronic equipment Electronic portfolios BT: Waste materials USE: Portfolios Electronics cooling Electronic publications BT: Thermal management of USE: IEEE online publications electronics RT: Cooling Electronic publishing UF: Digital publishing Electronics engineering education E-books BT: Electrical engineering E-publishing education E-reader Electronic books Electronics industry Epublishing UF: Integrated circuits industry Kindle Semiconductor electronics BT: Publishing industry RT: CD-ROMs Semiconductor industry Multimedia systems BT: Manufacturing industries NT: Content management RT: Electrical equipment Desktop publishing industry Electrical products industry Electronic switching systems Electronic equipment BT: Communication switching manufacture Switching systems Toy manufacturing industry NT: Electronic equipment Electronic visual prosthesis USE: Visual prosthesis Electronics packaging UF: Ball grid arrays Electronic voting DIL UF: E-voting DIP Online voting Dual inline packaging BT: Voting PGA Pin grid arrays Electronic voting systems QFP BT: Electronic equipment Quad flat packs NT: Optical scan voting systems BT: Components, packaging, and manufacturing technology Electronic warfare RT: Constraint optimization BT: Aerospace and electronic Cooling systems Plastic packaging RT: Communication system Printed circuits security NT: Chip scale packaging Radio communication countermeasures Electrons Spread spectrum BT: Elementary particles communication RT: Beta rays Spread spectrum radar Cosmic rays NT: Electronic countermeasures Electron accelerators Jamming Electron beams Radar countermeasures Electron emission Elementary particle Electronic waste exchange interactions This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 148 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Impact ionization Laser beams Phonons Microwave photonics Schrodinger equation Optical waveguides NT: Electron sources P-i-n diodes Quantum wells Phase modulation Trions Quantum well devices

Electrooculography Electrooptic waveguides UF: EOG USE: Electrooptical waveguides Electro oculography Electro-oculography Electrooptical waveguides BT: Biomedical measurement UF: EO waveguides Gaze tracking Electrooptic (EO) RT: Bioelectric phenomena waveguides Electroencephalography Electrooptic waveguides Eyes BT: Optical waveguides

Electrooptic (EO) waveguides Electrophotography USE: Electrooptical waveguides UF: Xerography BT: Electrostatic processes Electrooptic deflectors Photoconducting devices UF: Electro-optic deflectors RT: Gas discharge devices BT: Electrooptic devices Photography

Electrooptic devices Electrophotoluminescence UF: Electro-optic devices USE: Photoluminescence BT: Lasers and electrooptics RT: Electroluminescent devices Electrophysiology Electrooptic effects BT: Biomedical measurement Liquid crystal devices RT: Biomedical electrodes Optical bistability Optoelectronic devices Electrostatic actuation NT: Electrochromic devices USE: Electrostatic actuators Electrooptic deflectors Electrooptic modulators Electrostatic actuators UF: Electrostatic actuation Electrooptic effects BT: Actuators UF: Electro-optic effects RT: Electrostatic devices BT: Lasers and electrooptics RT: Electroluminescence Electrostatic analysis Electrooptic devices BT: Electrostatic processes Nonlinear optics RT: Electric fields NT: Electrochromism Electromagnetic analysis Kerr effect Electrostatic measurements Optical bistability Stark effect Electrostatic charges USE: Electrostatic discharges Electrooptic modulators AND UF: Electro-optic modulators Electrostatics Pockels readout optical modulator Electrostatic devices BT: Electrooptic devices BT: Industry applications Optical modulation RT: Electrostatic actuators RT: Integrated optics Electrostatic processes Intensity modulation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 149 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Electrostatic discharges Electrostatics UF: Charged device model UF: Electrostatic charges ESD BT: Electrostatic processes Electrostatic charges RT: Poisson equations BT: Dielectric breakdown NT: Electrostatic levitation RT: Arc discharges Electrostatic interference Electrostriction BT: Dielectrics Electrostatic induction RT: Mechanical factors UF: Induction (electrostatic) Piezoelectricity BT: Electrostatic processes Electrostrictive hydrodynamics Electrostatic interference USE: Electrohydrodynamics BT: Interference RT: Electrostatic discharges Electrostrictive polymer actuators NT: Immunity testing USE: Actuators

Electrostatic levitation Electrothermal effects BT: Electrostatics BT: Thermoelectricity Levitation RT: Electrothermal launching NT: Proton effects Electrostatic measurements BT: Electric variables Electrothermal launching measurement UF: Launching (electrothermal) RT: Electrostatic analysis BT: Propulsion NT: Charge measurement RT: Electromagnetic launching Electrothermal effects Electrostatic precipitators BT: Industry applications Elemental semiconductors RT: Pollution control BT: Semiconductor materials RT: Silicon Electrostatic processes BT: Industry applications Elementary particle exchange interactions RT: Discharges (electric) BT: Elementary particles Electric fields RT: Electrons Electrostatic devices Ions Lightning Proton effects NT: Aerosols Wave functions Electrophotography Electrostatic analysis Elementary particle vacuum Electrostatic induction UF: Instanton vacuum Electrostatics QCD vacuum Particle charging Quantum vacuum Particle production String vacuum Space charge Superstring vacuum Surface charging Vacuum energy Triboelectricity BT: Elementary particles RT: Casimir effect Electrostatic self assembly USE: Electrostatic self-assembly Elementary particles UF: Particles (elementary) Electrostatic self-assembly BT: Nuclear and plasma UF: Electrostatic self assembly sciences BT: Self-assembly RT: Cosmic rays

High energy physics BT: Embedded systems instrumentation computing RT: Distributed vision networks Microwave photonics Nuclear thermodynamics Embedded multicore processing Proton effects BT: Multicore processing NT: Charge carriers Electrons Embedded power generation Elementary particle USE: Distributed power exchange interactions generation Elementary particle vacuum Ions Embedded software Mesons BT: Software Neutrino sources Neutrons Embedded system Particle beams USE: Embedded systems Particle collisions Phonons Embedded systems Positrons UF: Embedded system Protons BT: Operating systems RT: Cyber-physical systems Elevators Hardware-in-the loop BT: Building services simulation RT: Buildings Microprocessors NT: Embedded computing Ellipsoids BT: Elliptic design Embolization BT: Medical treatment Ellipsometry Noninvasive treatment BT: Optical variables measurement Embossing RT: Polarimetry BT: Manufacturing Production Elliptic curve cryptography RT: Injection molding UF: ECC Micromachining Elliptic curve cryptosystems Sheet metal processing BT: Public key cryptography Watermarking

Elliptic curve cryptosystems Embryo USE: Elliptic curve cryptography BT: Embryonic structures

Elliptic curves Embryonic structures BT: Geometry BT: Anatomy NT: Embryo Elliptic design Fetus UF: Elliptical design BT: Geometry EMC NT: Ellipsoids USE: Electromagnetic compatibility Elliptical design USE: Elliptic design Emergency lighting BT: Lighting Email RT: High intensity discharge USE: Electronic mail lamps

Embedded computing Emergency management This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 151 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Emergency services Empirical mode decomposition UF: Hilbert?Huang transforms Emergency medical services BT: Transforms USE: Medical services RT: Signal processing

Emergency power generators Employee rights USE: Standby generators BT: Employment

Emergency power supplies Employee welfare UF: Standby power supplies UF: Conditions of employment BT: Power supplies Counseling RT: Batteries Counselling Standby generators Maternity benefits Uninterruptible power Sick pay systems Working conditions BT: Human resource Emergency response management USE: Emergency services RT: Incentive schemes Industrial psychology Emergency services Occupational health UF: Emergency management Occupational safety Emergency response Occupational stress BT: Safety Pensions RT: Accidents Psychology Fires Remuneration Medical services Rescue robots Employment UF: Workplace Emergent phenomena BT: Human resource BT: Cybernetics management RT: Business EMG Employment law USE: Electromyography Engineering profession Jobs listings EMI Personnel USE: Electromagnetic Programming profession interference NT: Employee rights Termination of employment Emotion recognition BT: User interfaces Employment law RT: Affective computing BT: Law Behavioral sciences RT: Contract law Image recognition Employment Psychology Sentiment analysis EMTDC Speech recognition UF: Electromagnetic transients DC Emotional responses Electromagnetic transients USE: Psychology including DC BT: Electromagnetic transients EMP radiation effects Geophysics UF: Electromagnetic pulse Software packages BT: Electromagnetic transients RT: Electromagnetic shielding EMTP

UF: Electromagnetic transient USE: Glands program BT: Electromagnetic transients Endocrine system RT: Computer simulation BT: Anatomy

Emulation Endoscopes BT: Modeling UF: Endoscopy RT: Application virtualization BT: Biomedical equipment Simulation RT: Biomedical optical imaging Image sensors Encapsulation Laser applications BT: Packaging Surgery RT: Integrated circuit packaging Plastic packaging Endoscopy USE: Endoscopes Encephalography BT: Biomedical imaging Energy RT: Brain BT: Power engineering and energy Encoding RT: Thermal energy UF: Coding NT: Energy barrier BT: Information theory Energy capture RT: Codecs Energy consumption Codes Energy conversion Cryptography Energy dissipation Data compression Energy exchange Data handling Energy harvesting Modulation Energy management Modulation coding Energy resources Quantization (signal) Energy states Semantic technology Energy storage Signal processing Vector quantization Energy barrier NT: Audio coding BT: Energy Channel coding Code refractoring Energy capture Entropy coding BT: Energy Precoding Source coding Energy conservation Speech coding BT: Energy management Transcoding RT: Ecodesign Energy resources Encryption Power demand BT: Cryptography Waste heat RT: Ciphers NT: Green computing Potential energy Encyclopedias Renewable energy sources BT: Information services RT: Wikipedia Energy consumption BT: Energy End effectors BT: Manipulators Energy conversion RT: Grippers BT: Energy NT: Atomic batteries Endocrine glands Batteries This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 153 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Fuel cells Watthour meters Motors NT: Energy loss Photovoltaic cells Potential well Energy resolution Solar heating BT: Nuclear imaging Thermoelectricity RT: Nuclear medicine Waste heat Solid scintillation detectors

Energy dissipation Energy resources BT: Energy BT: Energy RT: Civil engineering Energy efficiency Energy conservation UF: Energy efficient Environmental economics BT: Energy management Natural gas NT: Energy efficient ethernet Power demand NT: Fuels Energy efficient Geothermal energy USE: Energy efficiency Nuclear fuels Solar energy Energy efficient ethernet Wave power UF: EtherEEE Wind energy BT: Energy efficiency Wind farms Ethernet Energy scavenging Energy exchange USE: Energy harvesting UF: Energy transfer BT: Energy Energy states NT: Inductive charging UF: Energy levels Levels, energy Energy harvesting BT: Energy UF: Energy scavenging NT: Effective mass Power harvesting Orbital calculations BT: Energy Surface states NT: Nanogenerators Energy storage Energy levels UF: Energy storage systems USE: Energy states Stored energy BT: Energy Energy loss RT: Aging BT: Energy measurement Battery powered vehicles NT: Core loss Fuel cell vehicles Fuel storage Energy management Hybrid electric vehicles BT: Energy Load management NT: Demand-side management Material storage Energy conservation Pulse power systems Energy efficiency Solar powered vehicles Load management NT: Batteries Transactive energy Flywheels Fuel cells Energy measurement Hydrogen storage BT: Electric variables Supercapacitors measurement Superconducting magnetic RT: Calorimetry energy storage Enthalpy This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 154 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Energy storage systems Control engineering USE: Energy storage education Electrical engineering Energy transfer education USE: Energy exchange Engineering students Physics education Engine cylinders Power engineering BT: Machine components education RT: Engines Student experiments Gaskets Systems engineering Pistons education Structural rings Engineering geology Engineering - general USE: Geoengineering RT: STEM Technology Engineering in medicine and biology NT: Acoustical engineering NT: Bioinformatics Agricultural engineering Biology Chemical engineering Biomedical communication Civil engineering Biomedical computing Concurrent engineering Biomedical engineering Design engineering Biomedical equipment Electrical engineering Biomedical imaging Engineering profession Bionanotechnology Environmental engineering Bioterrorism Maintenance engineering Computational biology Mechanical engineering Genetic engineering Optical engineering Medical services Precision engineering Medical specialties Production engineering Nuclear medicine Research and development Synthetic biology Reverse engineering Sanitary engineering Engineering management Standardization NT: Business Thermal engineering Commercialization Consortia Engineering drawings Economics BT: Graphics Innovation management RT: Documentation Legal factors Technical drawing Market research NT: Flowcharts Planning Product development Engineering education Project engineering BT: Education Research and development RT: Continuing education management Educational robots Research initiatives Laboratories Software development Logic design management NT: Biomedical engineering education Engineering profession Communication UF: Careers engineering education BT: Engineering - general Computer science RT: Biographies education Electrical engineering Employment This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 155 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Ethics NT: Business process Programming profession integration Research and development Research and development Entertainment industry management BT: Industries NT: Professional aspects RT: Broadcasting Films Engineering students Games UF: Student engineers Motion pictures BT: Engineering education TV

Engineering writing Enthalpy USE: Writing BT: Thermodynamics RT: Energy measurement Engines Thermal management BT: Industry applications RT: Aircraft propulsion Entrepreneurial Automobile manufacture USE: Entrepreneurship Cams Camshafts Entrepreneurship Engine cylinders UF: Entrepreneurial Exhaust systems BT: Business Fuel pumps RT: Innovation management Gaskets Machine components Entropy Manifolds BT: Physics Mechanical power RT: Heating systems transmission Nuclear thermodynamics Oils Pistons Entropy coding Propellers BT: Encoding Propulsion RT: Data compression Rockets NT: Huffman coding Torque converters Turbomachinery Entry, descent and landing NT: Heat engines USE: Aircraft navigation Internal combustion engines Envelope detectors Jet engines BT: Detectors

Enhanced magnetoresistance Environmental design BT: Magnetoresistance USE: Green design RT: Nanocontacts Environmental economics Entangled states BT: Economics USE: Quantum entanglement Environmental factors RT: Energy resources Enterprise resource planning Environmental BT: Management management RT: Business Pollution Data handling NT: Carbon tax Data processing Software Environmental engineering System integration BT: Engineering - general Venture capital RT: Environmental factors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 156 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Environmental BT: Environmental factors management Monitoring Resource management RT: Decontamination Pollution control Environmental factors Pollution measurement UF: Environmental problems BT: Geoscience and remote Environmental noise sensing USE: Working environment noise Social implications of technology Environmental problems RT: Acoustic noise USE: Environmental factors Air quality Civil engineering Environmentally friendly manufacturing Ecodesign techniques Electromagnetic BT: Components, packaging, interference and manufacturing technology Environmental engineering Green buildings Enzymatic fuel cells Green computing USE: Fuel cells Greenhouse effect Health and safety Enzymes International collaboration USE: Biochemistry Meteorology Occupational health EO waveguides Ozonation USE: Electrooptical waveguides Safety NT: Biosphere EOG Ecology USE: Electrooculography Ecosystems Environmental economics EOS Environmental monitoring USE: Earth Observing System Global warming Green products Epidermal Pollution USE: Epidermis

Environmental management Epidermis BT: Industry applications UF: Epidermal RT: Environmental economics BT: Skin Environmental engineering Global warming Epilepsy International collaboration BT: Diseases Public infrastructure Sanitary engineering Epitaxial growth NT: Biodegradation UF: Epitaxy Land use planning BT: Thin films Pest control RT: Crystal growth Pollution control Crystals Recycling Gallium Renewable energy sources Germanium Sustainable development Molecular beams Waste management Nanotechnology Water conservation Photonics Water resources Semiconductor devices Semiconductor thin films Environmental monitoring Silicon This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 157 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Substrates BT: Filters NT: Molecular beam epitaxial RT: Channel estimation growth Impedance matching Intersymbol interference Epitaxial layers NT: Adaptive equalizers BT: Coatings Blind equalizers Films Decision feedback RT: Chemical vapor deposition equalizers Semiconductor growth Thin films Equations NT: Superconducting epitaxial BT: Mathematics layers NT: Boltzmann equation Difference equations Epitaxy Integrodifferential equations USE: Epitaxial growth Maxwell equations Nonlinear equations EPON Polynomials UF: Ethernet passive optical Riccati equations networks BT: Ethernet Equipment failure BT: Failure analysis Epoxy resins BT: Dielectric materials Equivalent circuits Plastics BT: Circuits Resins Er EPROM USE: Erbium UF: EAROM EEPROM Er-doped fiber amplifier Electrically alterable read USE: Erbium-doped fiber only memory amplifiers Electrically erasable programmable read only memory Er-doped fiber lasers Erasable programmable USE: Erbium-doped fiber lasers read only memory BT: PROM Erasable programmable read only memory USE: EPROM Epublishing USE: Electronic publishing Erbium UF: Er Equal opportunities BT: Metals BT: Human resource RT: Erbium-doped fiber management amplifiers RT: Industrial relations Lasers and electrooptics Labor resources Optical amplifiers Personnel Optics Recruitment NT: Gender equity Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers Gender issues UF: EDFA Er-doped fiber amplifier Equalisers BT: Optical amplifiers USE: Equalizers RT: Erbium

Equalizers Erbium-doped fiber laser UF: Equalisers USE: Erbium-doped fiber lasers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 158 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Signal processing Erbium-doped fiber lasers RT: Codes UF: Er-doped fiber lasers Convolutional codes Erbium-doped fiber laser Cyclic redundancy check Erbiumdoped fiber laser Cyclic redundancy check BT: Fiber lasers codes Error analysis Erbiumdoped fiber laser Error compensation USE: Erbium-doped fiber lasers Error correction codes Linear codes Erection Power system faults USE: Construction Product codes Turbo codes Ergonomics NT: Forward error correction UF: Human engineering Human factors engineering Error correction codes BT: Systems, man, and UF: ECC cybernetics Error correcting codes RT: Anthropometry Error-correcting codes Behavioral sciences Error-correction codes Cybernetics Errorcorrection codes Design methodology BT: Codes Human factors RT: Convolutional codes Keyboards Error correction Man-machine systems NT: Reed-Solomon codes Occupational health Working environment noise Error estimation NT: Job design USE: Error analysis

Error analysis Error free operation UF: Error estimation USE: Error-free operations Error rate Error rates Error probability Error statistics BT: Probability BT: Testing RT: Cyclic redundancy check Error rate Cyclic redundancy check USE: Error analysis codes Error correction Error rates Estimation USE: Error analysis Mean square error methods Measurement errors Error recovery (computers) Numerical analysis USE: System recovery Roundoff errors NT: Bit error rate Error statistics Finite wordlength effects USE: Error analysis

Error compensation Error-correcting codes BT: Information theory USE: Error correction codes RT: Error correction Error-correction codes Error correcting codes USE: Error correction codes USE: Error correction codes Error-free operations Error correction UF: Error free operation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 159 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Testing BT: Materials processing Surface treatment Errorcorrection codes RT: Fabrication USE: Error correction codes Micromachining NT: Dry etching ESD Wet etching USE: Electrostatic discharges Ethanol Esophagus UF: Ethyl alcohol BT: Digestive system Grain alcohol BT: Chemical compounds Estimation NT: Alcoholic beverages UF: Signal estimation BT: Mathematics EtherEEE RT: Control systems USE: Energy efficient ethernet Error analysis Filtering theory Ethernet Kalman filters BT: Computer networks Measurement uncertainty RT: IEEE 802.3 Standard Prediction methods Local area networks Prediction theory NT: EPON Reduced order systems Energy efficient ethernet Signal processing Spectral analysis Ethernet passive optical networks NT: Estimation error USE: EPON Estimation theory Functional point analysis Ethical aspects Life estimation BT: Social implications of Maximum likelihood technology estimation RT: Digital divide Pose estimation Ethics State estimation Genetic engineering Yield estimation Legal factors Management Estimation error Philosophical BT: Estimation considerations

Estimation of the direction of arrival Ethics USE: Direction-of-arrival UF: Morals estimation BT: Social implications of technology Estimation theory RT: Engineering profession BT: Estimation Ethical aspects RT: Mean square error methods NT: Cyberethics Signal processing Statistics Ethyl alcohol NT: Cramer-Rao bounds USE: Ethanol Maximum a posteriori estimation ETSI UF: European Etalons Telecommunications Standards Institute USE: Interferometers BT: Standards organizations

Etching ETSI Standards UF: Deep etching BT: Standards publications This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 160 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: HbbTV Standards UF: Evolutionary algorithm SONET BT: Computational intelligence Synchronous digital NT: Evolutionary robotics hierarchy Particle swarm optimization

Euclidean distance Evolutionary robotics UF: Euclidean measurement BT: Evolutionary computation Euclidean metric Robots BT: Distance measurement Mathematics Exchange rates NT: Hilbert space BT: Economics RT: Costs Euclidean measurement Economic indicators USE: Euclidean distance International trade

Euclidean metric Excitation of lasers USE: Euclidean distance USE: Laser excitation

Europe Excitons BT: Continents BT: Charge carrier processes RT: Semiconductor materials European Telecommunications Standards Institute Executive programs USE: ETSI USE: Operating systems

Europium Exhaust gases BT: Chemical elements BT: Gases NT: Dysprosium compounds RT: Air pollution Ash EUV Lithography Combustion USE: Extreme ultraviolet Exhaust systems lithography Flue gases Internal combustion EV charging engines USE: Electric vehicle charging Jet engines

Event detection Exhaust manifolds BT: Wireless sensor networks USE: Manifolds

Everyware Exhaust systems USE: Pervasive computing UF: Catalytic converters Catalytic convertors Evolution Mufflers USE: Evolution (biology) BT: Machine components Production systems Evolution (biology) RT: Engines UF: Evolution Exhaust gases BT: Biology Manifolds NT: Memetics Phylogeny Exo planets USE: Extrasolar planets Evolutionary algorithm USE: Evolutionary computation Exo-planets USE: Extrasolar planets Evolutionary computation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 161 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Exocrine glands Extended reality USE: Glands UF: HumanXR BT: Human computer Exoplanets interaction USE: Extrasolar planets Man-machine systems Virtual reality Exoskeletons RT: Augmented reality BT: User interfaces Extensible Markup Language Expectation-maximisation algorithms USE: XML USE: Expectation-maximization algorithms External stimuli UF: PhysiStimuli Expectation-maximization algorithms BT: Interactive systems UF: Expectation-maximisation Physiology algorithms BT: Iterative methods Extinction coefficients BT: Optics Expert systems NT: Extinction ratio BT: Knowledge based systems RT: Cause effect analysis Extinction ratio Decision making BT: Extinction coefficients Intelligent systems Knowledge acquisition Extra solar planets Knowledge representation USE: Extrasolar planets NT: Diagnostic expert systems Medical expert systems Extra-solar planets USE: Extrasolar planets Explosion protection BT: Protection Extracellular Safety BT: Cells (biology) RT: Accident prevention Flammability Extranets Hazards BT: Virtual private networks Military equipment RT: Data communication Information systems Explosions Internet BT: Hazards Web sites RT: Accidents Chemical hazards Extraordinary magnetoresistance Flammability BT: Magnetoresistance Hazardous areas Safety Extrapolation Seismic waves BT: Approximation methods NT: Explosives RT: Statistics

Explosives Extrasolar planetary atmospheres BT: Explosions BT: Extrasolar planets

Exponential distribution Extrasolar planetary mass BT: Probability distribution BT: Extrasolar planets

Extended definition TV Extrasolar planets USE: HDTV UF: Exo planets Exo-planets This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 162 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Exoplanets Safety Extra solar planets Extra-solar planets Eyebrows Super earths BT: Hair BT: Astronomy RT: Extraterrestrial Eyelashes measurements BT: Eyes Extraterrestrial phenomena Hair NT: Extrasolar planetary atmospheres Eyelids Extrasolar planetary mass BT: Eyes

Extraterrestrial measurements Eyes UF: Planetary composition BT: Sense organs Space measurements RT: Electrooculography BT: Measurement Gaze tracking RT: Astronomy Optical coherence Extrasolar planets tomography Extraterrestrial phenomena NT: Cataracts Interstellar chemistry Cornea Eyelashes Extraterrestrial phenomena Eyelids UF: Space phenomena Iris BT: Geophysics Retina RT: Extrasolar planets Extraterrestrial FAA measurements UF: Federal Aviation Planets Administration Space technology BT: US Government agencies NT: Cosmic rays Solar radiation Fabrication UF: Fabrication process Extreme ultraviolet lithography BT: Manufacturing UF: EUV Lithography RT: Etching BT: Lithography Materials processing NT: Bonding processes Extremities Microfabrication BT: Body regions Optical device fabrication NT: Arms Soldering Buttocks Welding Elbow Fingers Fabrication process Foot USE: Fabrication Hip Knee Fabrics Leg UF: Knitted fabric composites Shoulder Woven fabric composites Thigh BT: Textiles RT: Clothing Eye protection Weaving UF: Goggles Wool BT: Safety devices RT: Occupational health Fabry-Perot Occupational safety BT: Interferometry Protective clothing NT: Fabry-Perot interferometers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 163 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

FACTS Fabry-Perot interferometers USE: Flexible AC transmission BT: Fabry-Perot systems

Face Fading channels BT: Head BT: Signal processing RT: Stomatognathic system RT: Diversity methods NT: Facial muscles Diversity schemes Meteorological factors Face detection Multipath channels BT: Computer vision Radio propagation RT: Facial animation NT: Frequency-selective fading NT: Facial features channels Rayleigh channels Face recognition Weibull fading channels UF: Facial recognition BT: Biometrics (access control) Failure analysis Identification of persons UF: Failure mechanisms Pattern recognition BT: Testing RT: Gaze tracking RT: Cause effect analysis Image recognition Diagnostic expert systems Fatigue Facebook Fault diagnosis BT: Social network services Fault trees Video sharing Green's function methods Web sites Life estimation Quality control Facial animation Reliability BT: Animation Remaining life assessment RT: Face detection Weibull distribution NT: Equipment failure Facial features Semiconductor device BT: Face detection breakdown

Facial muscles Failure mechanisms BT: Face USE: Failure analysis

Facial recognition Fans USE: Face recognition BT: Machinery Ventilation Facilities management RT: Air conditioning BT: Building services Blades Management Jet engines Organizational aspects Faraday effect Facsimile UF: Faraday rotation BT: Communication systems BT: Magnetooptic effects Image communication RT: Gyromagnetism Gyrotropism Factories USE: Production facilities Faraday rotation USE: Faraday effect Factory automation USE: Manufacturing automation Fascia BT: Musculoskeletal system This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 164 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: System analysis and design Fast Fourier transforms BT: Fourier transforms Fault diagnosis RT: Digital signal processing BT: Reliability Harmonic analysis RT: Cause effect analysis Diagnostic expert systems Fast light Failure analysis BT: Light sources Maintenance engineering Testing Fastbus NT: Dissolved gas analysis BT: Data acquisition Fault location RT: Data buses Data communication Fault location Data processing BT: Fault diagnosis Nuclear measurements RT: Cables Communication cables Fasteners Fault trees UF: Bolts Insulation testing Hinges Nuts (fasteners) Fault protection Screws BT: Electrical safety Zip fasteners Fault currents BT: Control equipment Mechanical products Fault tolerance RT: Belts UF: System resilience Couplings BT: Reliability Joining processes NT: Fault tolerant control Welding Redundancy

Fastening Fault tolerant control USE: Joining processes BT: Control systems Fault tolerance Fatigue BT: Mechanical factors Fault tolerant systems RT: Failure analysis BT: System analysis and design Life estimation Fault trees Fats BT: Risk analysis BT: Chemical products RT: Boolean functions Food products Failure analysis RT: Biological materials Fault location Lipidomics Oils FBAR USE: Film bulk acoustic Fault current limiters resonators BT: Current limiters FBARs Fault currents USE: Film bulk acoustic BT: Current resonators RT: Electric breakdown Grounding FBT Leakage currents USE: Flyback transformers NT: Fault protection FCC Fault detection This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 165 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Federal Communications USE: Metasearch Commission BT: US Government agencies Federated searching USE: Metasearch FDDI UF: Fiber distributed data Feedback interface UF: Saturation detection BT: Communication systems BT: Circuits Optical fiber communication Control systems RT: Communication standards RT: Control design Local area networks Positive train control SIMO communication FDM Scrum (Software USE: Frequency division development) multiplexing System dynamics NT: Feedback circuits FDMA Negative feedback USE: Frequency division Neurofeedback multiaccess Feedback amplifiers FDTD UF: NFB USE: Finite difference methods Negative feedback amplifier AND BT: Operational amplifiers Time-domain analysis Feedback circuits Fe UF: Circuit feedback USE: Iron BT: Feedback RT: Control theory Feathers Distributed feedback BT: Animal structures devices Feedback communications Feature extraction NT: Output feedback BT: Image processing RT: Blob detection Feedback communications Image annotation BT: Telecommunications Image edge detection RT: Feedback circuits Image recognition NT: Automatic repeat request Independent component Feedback control analysis Feedback loop Mixture models Pattern classification Feedback control Pattern recognition BT: Feedback communications Principal component NT: Windup analysis Saliency detection Feedback linearization Signal processing BT: Control nonlinearities Speech recognition Control systems

Federal Aviation Administration Feedback loop USE: FAA BT: Feedback communications NT: Negative feedback loops Federal Communications Commission USE: FCC Feedforward neural nets USE: Feedforward neural Federated search networks This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 166 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Ferrimagnetic films Feedforward neural networks Ferrimagnetic materials UF: Feedforward neural nets Ferrites BT: Neural networks Films RT: Artificial intelligence Magnetic films Pattern recognition Magnetic materials Self-organizing feature maps Ferrites Support vector machines BT: Ferrimagnetic materials NT: Multilayer perceptrons Magnetic materials RT: Ferrite devices Feedforward systems Gyromagnetism BT: Intelligent control NT: Ferrite films RT: Forward error correction Open loop systems Ferroelectric devices BT: Dielectric devices Feeds RT: Ferroelectric materials BT: Antennas NT: Antenna feeds Ferroelectric films BT: Ferroelectric materials FEM RT: Magnetic field induced USE: Finite element analysis strain

Femtocell networks Ferroelectric materials UF: Access point base station BT: Ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, BT: Cellular networks and frequency control RT: Base stations RT: Dielectric materials Ferroelectric devices Femtocells Magnetic field induced BT: Base stations strain Pyroelectricity Ferrimagnetic films NT: Ferroelectric films BT: Ferrimagnetic materials Relaxor ferroelectrics Films Magnetic films Ferrofluid Magnetic materials UF: LiquiFerrofluid NT: Ferrite films BT: Fluids Garnet films Magnetic materials

Ferrimagnetic materials Ferromagnetic materials BT: Magnetic materials USE: Magnetic materials NT: Ferrimagnetic films Ferrite films Ferromagnetic resonance Ferrites USE: Magnetic resonance Garnet films Garnets Ferroresonance BT: Power engineering Ferrite devices Resonance BT: Magnetic devices RT: Magnetic resonance RT: Ferrites Nonlinear magnetics Flyback transformers Gyrators Fertilisers NT: Circulators USE: Fertilizers

Ferrite films Fertilizers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 167 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Fertilisers Nonlinear optics BT: Agriculture RT: Boron Fiber optic sensors Crops USE: Optical fiber sensors

FET circuits Fiber optics BT: Solid state circuits UF: Fibre optics RT: Nuclear electronics BT: Optics Operational amplifiers NT: Fiber nonlinear optics NT: FET integrated circuits Optical fibers JFET circuits MESFET circuits Fiber reinforced plastics MODFET circuits UF: Fibre reinforced plastics MOSFET circuits BT: Plastics RT: Plastic insulators FET integrated circuits BT: FET circuits Fiber-Bragg gratings Integrated circuits USE: Bragg gratings RT: Field effect transistors NT: Field effect MMIC Fiber-in-the-loop MESFET integrated circuits USE: Optical fiber subscriber loops Fetal heart BT: Heart Fibers USE: Textile fibers Fetal heart rate BT: Heart rate Fibre gratings USE: Fiber gratings FETs USE: Field effect transistors Fibre lasers USE: Fiber lasers Fetus BT: Embryonic structures Fibre optic sensors USE: Optical fiber sensors FFF USE: Field-flow fractionation Fibre optics USE: Fiber optics Fiber Bragg gratings USE: Bragg gratings Fibre reinforced plastics USE: Fiber reinforced plastics Fiber distributed data interface USE: FDDI Fibrillation BT: Medical treatment Fiber gratings RT: Defibrillation UF: Fibre gratings NT: Atrial fibrillation BT: Bragg gratings Fibroblasts Fiber lasers BT: Biological cells UF: Fibre lasers BT: Ring lasers Fiducial markers NT: Erbium-doped fiber lasers UF: Imagimarkers High power fiber lasers BT: Image processing RT: Microfabrication Fiber nonlinear optics Semiconductor device BT: Fiber optics manufacture This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 168 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Field programmable gate Field buses arrays UF: Instrumentation buses Space technology BT: Computer interfaces RT: Industrial control Field programmable analogue arrays Local area networks USE: Field programmable analog arrays Field effect MMIC BT: FET integrated circuits Field programmable gate arrays UF: FPGA Field effect transistors Field-programmable gate UF: FETs arrays BT: Transistors BT: Integrated circuits RT: FET integrated circuits RT: Field programmable analog Graphene devices arrays Semiconductor devices Reconfigurable devices NT: CNTFETs Double-gate FETs Field-flow fractionation HEMTs UF: EFFF JFETs FFF MESFETs Field flow fractionation MISFETs BT: Fractionation MODFETs MOSFET Field-programmable gate arrays MOSHFETs USE: Field programmable gate OFETs arrays Schottky gate field effect transistors Filament lamps TFETs BT: Lamps Thin film transistors RT: Lighting

Field electron emission File servers USE: Electron emission BT: Computers and information processing Field emitter arrays RT: Computer networks BT: Electron tubes Data communication RT: Vacuum technology Local area networks

Field flow fractionation File sharing USE: Field-flow fractionation USE: Peer-to-peer computing

Field ion emission File system permissions USE: Ion emission USE: Permission

Field multiplication File systems USE: Galois fields BT: System software RT: Audio databases Field programmable analog arrays Data structures UF: FPAA Database systems Field programmable Information systems analogue arrays BT: Analog integrated circuits Fill factor (solar cell) Programmable circuits BT: Photovoltaic systems RT: Application specific integrated circuits Filler metals This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 169 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Joining materials RT: Metals Filtering BT: Circuits and systems Filling RT: Noise cancellation BT: Freight handling NT: Filters RT: Containers Information filtering Loading Packaging Filtering algorithms UF: Loop-filtering algorithm Film bulk acoustic resonators Post-filtering algorithm UF: FBAR BT: Algorithms FBARs BT: Acoustic devices Filtering theory Thin film devices UF: Filter-theory RT: Bulk acoustic wave devices BT: Filters Land mobile radio cellular RT: Estimation systems Line enhancers Mobile communication Matched filters Radio communication Maximum likelihood Resonance detection Telecommunications Transversal filters NT: Image filtering Films BT: Materials Filters RT: Chemical vapor deposition BT: Filtering Coatings Signal processing Entertainment industry RT: Passive filters Sputtering Signal to noise ratio NT: Conductive films NT: Active filters Dielectric films Anisotropic Epitaxial layers Bragg gratings Ferrimagnetic films Channel bank filters Ferrite films Digital filters Garnet films Equalizers Magnetic films Filtering theory Optical films Gabor filters Piezoelectric films Harmonic filters Plastic films IIR filters Polymer films Kalman filters Semiconductor films Low pass filters Thick films Matched filters Thin films Microstrip filters Nonlinear filters Films (Motion pictures) Notch filters USE: Motion pictures Particle filters Power filters Filter banks Resonator filters UF: Filterbank Spatial filters BT: Band-pass filters Superconducting filters Transversal filters Filter-theory USE: Filtering theory Filtration UF: Nanofiltration Filterbank BT: Materials science and USE: Filter banks technology This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 170 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Microfiltration Fingerprint matching Fingerprint modality Finance Fingerprint sensing UF: Taxes Fingerprint sensors BT: Financial management Fingerprint verification RT: Banking Fingerprinting Bitcoin BT: Biometrics (access control) Business Identification of persons Cryptocurrency Pattern recognition Economics RT: Image matching NT: Bankruptcy Currencies Fingerprint sensing USE: Fingerprint recognition Financial management UF: Financial planning Fingerprint sensors Money management USE: Fingerprint recognition BT: Management RT: Electronic commerce Fingerprint verification Profitability USE: Fingerprint recognition Public finance NT: Costing Fingerprinting Credit cards USE: Fingerprint recognition Finance Insurance Fingers Investment BT: Extremities Loans and mortgages NT: Thumb Management accounting Mutual funds Finishing Pricing BT: Surface treatment Venture capital RT: Machining Materials processing Financial planning Planing USE: Financial management NT: Surface finishing

FinFETs Finite difference methods BT: MOSFET UF: FDTD Finite difference time Fingerprint identification domain analysis USE: Fingerprint recognition Finite difference time domain methods Fingerprint images Finite-difference methods USE: Image matching Finite-difference time- domain methods Fingerprint indexing BT: Mathematics USE: Fingerprint recognition Numerical analysis RT: Computational Fingerprint matching electromagnetics USE: Fingerprint recognition Perfectly matched layers

Fingerprint modality Finite difference time domain analysis USE: Fingerprint recognition USE: Finite difference methods

Fingerprint recognition Finite difference time domain methods UF: Fingerprint identification USE: Finite difference methods Fingerprint indexing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 171 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Finite element analysis Finite-element analysis UF: Discrete element method USE: Finite element analysis FEM Finite element methods Finite-element methods Finite element modeling USE: Finite element analysis Finite element modelling Finite-element analysis Finite-element modeling Finite-element methods USE: Finite element analysis Finite-element modeling Finite-element modelling Finite-element modelling BT: Mathematics USE: Finite element analysis Numerical analysis RT: Eddy current testing Finite-volume method Perfectly matched layers USE: Finite volume methods

Finite element methods Finline USE: Finite element analysis BT: Planar transmission lines

Finite element modeling FIR USE: Finite element analysis USE: Finite impulse response filters Finite element modelling USE: Finite element analysis FIR filters USE: Finite impulse response Finite fields filters USE: Galois fields Fire retardants Finite impulse response filters USE: Flame retardants UF: FIR FIR filters Fireproofing BT: Digital filters USE: Flame retardants RT: Discrete wavelet transforms Frequency response Fires UF: Flames Finite state machines Wild fires USE: Automata Wildfires BT: Hazards Finite volume methods RT: Accidents UF: Finite-volume method Emergency services BT: Numerical analysis Flammability RT: Navier-Stokes equations Hazardous areas Safety Finite wordlength effects Smoke detectors UF: Overflow oscillations Truncation errors Firewalls (computing) BT: Error analysis BT: Computer security RT: Quantization (signal) RT: Computer networks NT: Roundoff errors Countermeasures (computer) Finite-difference methods Hardware USE: Finite difference methods Software

Finite-difference time-domain methods FireWire USE: Finite difference methods USE: Firewire

Firewire UF: FireWire Fixturing BT: Computer interfaces USE: Fixtures RT: Computer peripherals Consumer electronics Flame retardants Data communication UF: Fire retardants Home computing Fireproofing IEEE 1394 Standard BT: Retardants Video signal processing RT: Bromine compounds Flammability Fireworks algorithm Materials preparation BT: Optimization methods RT: Particle swarm optimization Flames USE: Fires Firing BT: Materials preparation Flammability RT: Ceramics UF: Inflammability Heat treatment BT: Hazards Kilns RT: Explosion protection Explosions Firmware Fires USE: Microprogramming Flame retardants Hazardous materials Fish BT: Organisms Flanges BT: Mechanical products Fishbone diagrams RT: Rails USE: Cause effect analysis Structural plates Wheels Fisheries USE: Aquaculture Flash memories UF: NAND flash Fission reactors BT: Memory UF: Nuclear fission RT: Automation Nuclear reactors (fission) Computer peripherals BT: Nuclear power generation NT: Flash memory cells RT: Pressure vessels Radiation protection Flash memory cells BT: Flash memories Fitting NT: Split gate flash memory BT: Assembly cells RT: Assembly systems Flashover Fixed point arithmetic BT: Dielectric breakdown USE: Fixed-point arithmetic Flat panel displays Fixed-point arithmetic BT: Displays UF: Fixed point arithmetic BT: Arithmetic Flex USE: Flexible printed circuits Fixtures UF: Fixturing Flexible ac transmission systems Jigs USE: Flexible AC transmission BT: Production equipment systems RT: Machine tools This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 173 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Flexible AC transmission systems UF: Flip chip UF: FACTS Flip-chip Flexible ac transmission BT: Semiconductor device systems manufacture BT: Power transmission Semiconductor devices RT: Flip chip solder joints Flexible electronics Microassembly BT: Assembly systems Microprocessor chips RT: Graphene devices Microprocessors Soft electronics Flip-flops Flexible fuel vehicles BT: Pulse circuits USE: Land vehicles RT: Logic circuits

Flexible manufacturing systems FLL BT: Manufacturing automation USE: Frequency locked loops RT: Agile manufacturing Cellular manufacturing Floating point arithmetic Computer applications USE: Floating-point arithmetic

Flexible printed circuits Floating-point arithmetic UF: Flex UF: Floating point arithmetic BT: Printed circuits BT: Arithmetic

Flexible structures Floods UF: Deployable structures BT: Hazards BT: Buildings Hydrology Structural shapes RT: Land use planning RT: Control systems Rain Decentralized control Rivers Mechanical variables Structural engineering control Structural engineering Floors BT: Building materials Flickr RT: Construction industry BT: Social network services Tiles

Flight control Floppy disks USE: Aerospace control BT: Magnetic memory

Flight simulation Flotation devices USE: Aerospace simulation USE: Underwater equipment

Flip chip Flow USE: Flip-chip devices USE: Fluid flow

Flip chip solder joints Flow batteries UF: Castellations USE: Batteries BT: Soldering RT: Flip-chip devices Flow graphs UF: Data flow graphs Flip-chip Signal flow graphs USE: Flip-chip devices BT: Programmable control RT: Circuits Flip-chip devices This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 174 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Flow meters Magnetohydrodynamics USE: Flowmeters NT: Fluid dynamics Hydraulic diameter Flow production systems Hydrology UF: Sequential production Pipelines BT: Manufacturing systems Valves RT: System dynamics NT: Continuous production Fluid flow control BT: Control systems Flowcharts RT: Valves BT: Engineering drawings RT: Programming Fluid flow measurement System analysis and design UF: Anemometers BT: Measurement Flowmeters RT: Fluid flow UF: Flow meters Hydrologic measurements BT: Meters Pressure gauges RT: Automatic meter reading Fluid flow Fluidic microsystems Velocity measurement BT: Micromechanical devices RT: Microfluidics Fluctuations BT: Reliability Fluidics BT: Control systems Flue gases RT: Fluid flow BT: Gases Nanotechnology RT: Air pollution Pneumatic systems Effluents NT: Microfluidics Exhaust gases Nanofluidics

Fluid dynamics Fluidisation BT: Fluid flow USE: Fluidization Fluids RT: Hydrodynamics Fluidization Lattice Boltzmann methods UF: Fluidisation NT: Buoyancy BT: Chemical technology Computational fluid RT: Fluids dynamics Drag Fluids Navier-Stokes equations BT: Materials Rheology RT: Buoyancy Fluidization Fluid flow Oils UF: Flow NT: Ferrofluid Gas flow Fluid dynamics Liquid flow Gases Smoothed particle Hydraulic fluids hydrodynamics Liquids BT: Physics Viscosity RT: Electrohydraulics Flowmeters Fluids and secretions Fluid flow measurement BT: Anatomy Fluidics NT: Amniotic fluid Hydraulic systems Cerebrospinal fluid Hydrodynamics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 175 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Fluorescence BT: Imaging BT: Luminescence RT: Lenses Optics RT: Fluorescent lamps Fog computing Judd-Ofelt theory USE: Edge computing

Fluorescent lamps Food industry BT: Lamps BT: Manufacturing industries RT: Fluorescence RT: Beverage industry Lighting Consumer products Food preservation Fluorine Food products BT: Chemical elements Food technology NT: Fluorine compounds Sugar industry Sugar refining Fluorine compounds NT: Food manufacturing BT: Fluorine NT: Hydrogen fluoride Food manufacturing BT: Food industry Flux pinning Manufacturing systems BT: Magnetic flux RT: Consumer products Superconductivity Food preservation RT: Type II superconductors Food products Food technology Fluxtronics NT: Food packaging USE: Spintronics Food packaging Fly ash BT: Food manufacturing BT: Ash Packaging RT: Slag RT: Food products Food technology Flyback transformers UF: FBT Food preservation LOPT UF: Food preservatives Line output transformer BT: Food technology BT: Transformers RT: Food industry RT: Cathode ray tubes Food manufacturing Electron beam applications Food products Electron beams Ferrite devices Food preservatives USE: Food preservation Flywheels BT: Energy storage Food products BT: Manufactured products FM Production USE: Frequency modulation RT: Agricultural products Consumer products FMR Food industry USE: Magnetic resonance Food manufacturing Food packaging fMRI Food preservation USE: Functional magnetic Sugar industry resonance imaging Sugar refining Vegetable oils Focusing NT: Dairy products This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 176 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Fats Forebrain Sugar UF: Prosencephalon BT: Brain Food technology RT: Hindbrain BT: Industry applications Midbrain RT: Food industry NT: Olfactory bulb Food manufacturing Food packaging Forecast uncertainty Sugar refining BT: Forecasting NT: Food preservation Uncertainty

Foot Forecasting BT: Extremities BT: Probability RT: Prediction methods Footwear NT: Demand forecasting UF: Shoes Economic forecasting BT: Clothing Forecast uncertainty RT: Clothing industry Technology forecasting Footwear industry Forehead Footwear industry BT: Head UF: Shoe manufacture BT: Manufacturing industries Forensic photography RT: Clothing industry USE: Image forensics Consumer products Footwear Forensics BT: Law Force NT: Digital forensics BT: Mechanical factors Image forensics RT: Dynamics Force control Forestry Magnetic forces BT: Geoscience NT: Gravity RT: Pulp and paper industry Resource management Force control Vegetation BT: Mechanical variables Vegetation mapping control Wood industry RT: Control systems Force Forgery Robot control UF: Imposter signature generation Force feedback BT: Handwriting recognition BT: Haptic interfaces Forging Force measurement UF: Cogging BT: Mechanical variables BT: Manufacturing systems measurement RT: Gravity Formal concept analysis Pressure gauges BT: Mathematical analysis NT: Dynamometers RT: Classification tree analysis Gravity measurement Data analysis Knowledge representation Force sensors Unsupervised learning BT: Sensors Formal languages This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 177 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Computer science UF: Fourier transform infrared NT: Computer languages spectra Runtime library BT: Fourier transforms Spectroscopy Formal logic USE: Logic Fourier transforms BT: Transforms Formal specifications RT: Acoustics BT: Standardization Cepstrum RT: Service-oriented systems Diffraction engineering Harmonic analysis Optics Formal verification Partial differential equations BT: Software engineering Probability RT: Circuits and systems Statistics Model checking Time-frequency analysis NT: Discrete Fourier transforms Forward contracts Fast Fourier transforms BT: Contracts Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Forward error correction BT: Error correction FPAA RT: Feedforward systems USE: Field programmable analog arrays Fossil fuels BT: Fuels FPGA RT: Air pollution USE: Field programmable gate NT: Natural gas arrays

Foundries Fraccing BT: Production facilities USE: Fracking RT: Casting Furnaces Fracking Heat treatment UF: Fraccing Materials processing Hydraulic fracking BT: Hydrological techniques Four wave mixing RT: Mining industry USE: Four-wave mixing Natural gas

Four-wave mixing Fractal antennas UF: Four wave mixing BT: Antennas BT: Distortion Optics Fractal art BT: Art Fourier series BT: Mathematics Fractals RT: Data compression BT: Computational geometry Signal processing RT: Antennas Spectroscopy Chaos Computer graphics Fourier transform infrared spectra Econophysics USE: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Fractional brownian motion USE: Brownian motion Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 178 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Fractional calculus Transmission line theory BT: Mathematical analysis NT: Bandwidth Frequency dependence Fractionation Frequency diversity BT: Separation processes Frequency synchronization RT: Chemical analysis Resonant frequency Oils Petroleum industry Frequency allocation NT: Field-flow fractionation USE: Radio spectrum management Frame relay BT: Communication switching Frequency control Packet switching UF: Frequency regulation RT: B-ISDN BT: Ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, Computer networks and frequency control ISDN RT: Electric variables control Protocols Frequency locked loops Wide area networks Mechanical variables control Francium Optical variables control BT: Chemical elements Tuners NT: Automatic frequency control Free electron lasers Tunable circuits and UF: Cerenkov lasers devices BT: Lasers Tuning RT: Electron beams Relativistic effects Frequency conversion Undulators UF: Frequency division Frequency multiplication Free trade Harmonic generation USE: Trade agreements BT: Converters RT: Image converters Free-space optical communication Image intensifiers BT: Optical fiber communication NT: Mixers Optical frequency Freight containers conversion BT: Containers RT: Freight handling Frequency dependence Transportation UF: Frequency dependent BT: Frequency Freight handling UF: Cargo handling Frequency dependent BT: Materials handling USE: Frequency dependence RT: Freight containers Lifting equipment Frequency diversity Pulleys BT: Frequency Transmission line discontinuities Frequency division NT: Filling USE: Frequency conversion Loading Frequency division multiaccess Frequency UF: FDMA BT: Electromagnetic radiation BT: Multiaccess communication RT: Band-pass filters RT: Broadband communication Electric variables This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 179 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Frequency division multiplexing UF: FM UF: FDM BT: Modulation Frequency multiplexing Radio broadcasting BT: Multiplexing RT: Demodulation NT: Frequency shift keying Frequency domain USE: Frequency-domain analysis Frequency multiplexing USE: Frequency division Frequency domain analysis multiplexing USE: Frequency-domain analysis Frequency multiplication Frequency estimation USE: Frequency conversion BT: Frequency measurement Parameter estimation Frequency regulation RT: Spectral analysis USE: Frequency control Speech analysis Frequency response Frequency hop communication BT: Testing USE: Spread spectrum RT: Amplifiers communication Digital filters Finite impulse response Frequency hop radar filters USE: Spread spectrum radar Frequency measurement Impulse testing Frequency locked loops UF: FLL Frequency selective surfaces BT: Linear feedback control UF: FSS systems BT: Antenna theory Signal processing RT: Frequency control Frequency shift keying Frequency synthesizers UF: FSK Phase locked loops Frequency-shift modulation Synchronization Frequency-shift signaling BT: Frequency modulation Frequency measurement BT: Measurement Frequency synchronization RT: Acoustic measurements BT: Frequency Atomic clocks NT: Frequency synthesizers Doppler measurement Electric variables Frequency synthesizers measurement BT: Frequency synchronization Electromagnetic RT: Frequency locked loops measurements Tuners Frequency response Mechanical variables Frequency-domain analysis measurement UF: Frequency domain Optical variables Frequency domain analysis measurement BT: Frequency measurement Phase frequency detector RT: Circuit analysis Time-frequency analysis Functional analysis Wavelength measurement Signal analysis NT: Frequency estimation NT: Time-frequency analysis Frequency-domain analysis Frequency-hop communication Frequency modulation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 180 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Spread spectrum Fuel additives communication USE: Additives

Frequency-selective fading channels Fuel cell vehicles BT: Fading channels BT: Electric vehicles RT: Energy storage Frequency-shift modulation Fuel cells USE: Frequency shift keying Traction motors Vehicle-to-grid Frequency-shift signaling USE: Frequency shift keying Fuel cells UF: Enzymatic fuel cells Fresnel integral Microbial eletrolysis cells USE: Fresnel reflection Microbial fuel cells Solid oxide electrolyzer Fresnel lenses cells USE: Fresnel reflection BT: Electrochemical devices Energy conversion Fresnel reflection Energy storage UF: Fresnel integral RT: Fuel cell vehicles Fresnel lenses Fuel storage Fresnel zones Power generation BT: Reflection Fuel economy Fresnel zones BT: Economics USE: Fresnel reflection Fuels

Friction Fuel processing industries BT: Mechanical factors UF: Coal tar RT: Drag BT: Manufacturing industries Dynamics RT: Fuel storage Lubrication Fuels NT: Mechanical bearings Mining industry Oil drilling Friction stir processing Oils USE: Strain control Petroleum Petroleum industry Frontal lobe UF: BrainLobe Fuel pumps BT: Brain BT: Pumps RT: Engines Froth flotation Fuels USE: Manufacturing processes Fuel storage FSK UF: Fuel tanks USE: Frequency shift keying Oil tanks BT: Material storage FSS RT: Containers USE: Frequency selective Energy storage surfaces Fuel cells Fuel processing industries FTTH Fuels USE: Optical fiber subscriber loops Fuel tanks USE: Fuel storage This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 181 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Fuels Functional neuroimaging BT: Energy resources BT: Neuroimaging Manufactured products RT: Coal gas Functional point analysis Fuel processing industries BT: Estimation Fuel pumps Size measurement Fuel storage RT: Cost benefit analysis Methanol Software engineering Petrochemicals Waste materials Functional programming NT: Biofuels BT: Programming Coal Fossil fuels Fungi Fuel economy BT: Organisms Nuclear fuels Petroleum Furnaces BT: Machinery Fullerenes RT: Building services UF: Buckeyballs Foundries Buckminsterfullerene Gas appliances Buckyballs Heating systems Buckytubes NT: Blast furnaces CarboFullerene Kilns Fullerites BT: Carbon Further education USE: Continuing education Fullerites USE: Fullerenes Fuses BT: Electronic components Function approximation RT: Interrupters BT: Approximation methods Power system protection RT: Computer science Protection Switchgear Function generators USE: Signal generators Fusion power generation BT: Nuclear and plasma Functional analysis sciences BT: Mathematics Nuclear power generation RT: Eigenvalues and RT: Fusion reactors eigenfunctions Magnetic confinement Frequency-domain analysis Inverse problems Fusion reactor design Lyapunov methods BT: Fusion reactors Wave functions Fusion reactors Functional electrical stimulation UF: Nuclear reactors (fusion) USE: Neuromuscular stimulation Thermonuclear fusion BT: Nuclear and plasma Functional magnetic resonance imaging sciences UF: fMRI RT: Fusion power generation BT: Magnetic resonance NT: Fusion reactor design imaging Tokamaks RT: Biomedical image processing Fusion splicing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 182 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Splicing Fuzzy sets BT: Set theory Futurism RT: Fuzzy control USE: Technology forecasting Fuzzy logic Fuzzy set theory Fuzz testing Fuzzy systems USE: Fuzzing Nonlinear dynamical systems Fuzzing Uncertainty UF: Fuzz testing BT: Software testing Fuzzy systems BT: Computational intelligence Fuzzy cognitive maps RT: Fuzzy logic BT: Fuzzy logic Fuzzy set theory Fuzzy sets Fuzzy control Large-scale systems BT: Fuzzy systems Takagi-Sugeno model RT: Fuzzy logic NT: Fuzzy control Fuzzy sets Fuzzy neural networks Takagi-Sugeno model Hybrid intelligent systems

Fuzzy inference Ga USE: Fuzzy logic USE: Gallium

Fuzzy logic GaAs UF: Fuzzy inference USE: Gallium arsenide BT: Logic RT: Fuzzy control Gabor filters Fuzzy reasoning BT: Filters Fuzzy sets RT: Image processing Fuzzy systems Possibility theory Gadolinium NT: Fuzzy cognitive maps BT: Chemical elements Takagi-Sugeno model NT: Gadolinium oxide

Fuzzy neural nets Gadolinium oxide USE: Fuzzy neural networks BT: Gadolinium

Fuzzy neural networks Gain UF: Fuzzy neural nets BT: Electric variables Neuro fuzzy networks Neuro-fuzzy networks Gain control BT: Fuzzy systems UF: Automatic gain control BT: Electric variables control Fuzzy reasoning BT: Inference mechanisms Gain measurement RT: Fuzzy logic BT: Measurement RT: Electric variables Fuzzy set theory measurement BT: Set theory Refractive index RT: Fuzzy sets Fuzzy systems Gait assessment Power system faults USE: Legged locomotion TOPSIS Gait control This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 183 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Legged locomotion Gallium nitride Gait disorders BT: Gallium compounds USE: Legged locomotion Gallium-arsenide Gait recognition USE: Gallium arsenide BT: Biometrics (access control) Gallium-arsenide (GaAs) Galerkin method USE: Gallium arsenide USE: Method of moments Galois fields Gallbladder UF: Field multiplication BT: Digestive system Finite fields BT: Abstract algebra Gallium UF: Ga Galvanising BT: Metals USE: Galvanizing Semiconductor materials RT: Epitaxial growth Galvanizing Gallium compounds UF: Galvanising Molecular beam epitaxial BT: Surface treatment growth RT: Corrosion Semiconductor thin films Corrosion inhibitors NT: Gallium alloys Protection

Gallium alloys Game theory BT: Gallium BT: Decision making RT: Alloying RT: Control systems Wide band gap Games semiconductors Minimax techniques Oligopoly Gallium arsenide Optimal control UF: GaAs Predator prey systems Gallium-arsenide NT: Nash equilibrium Gallium-arsenide (GaAs) BT: Gallium compounds Games Semiconductor materials UF: Serious games Video games Gallium compounds BT: Consumer products UF: Gallium devices RT: Entertainment industry Gallium materials Game theory BT: Compounds NT: Cloud gaming RT: Alloying Gallium Gaming on demand NT: Aluminum gallium nitride USE: Cloud gaming Gallium arsenide Gallium nitride Gamma phase iron Indium gallium arsenide USE: Austenite Indium gallium nitride Gamma radiation detectors Gallium devices USE: Gamma-ray detectors USE: Gallium compounds Gamma ray bursters Gallium materials USE: Gamma-ray bursts USE: Gallium compounds This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 184 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Gamma ray bursts UF: Ganglion USE: Gamma-ray bursts BT: Cells (biology) Nervous system Gamma ray detection USE: Gamma-ray detection Ganglion USE: Ganglia Gamma ray detectors USE: Gamma-ray detectors Garbage collection (computers) USE: Memory management Gamma ray effects USE: Gamma-ray effects Garment industry USE: Clothing industry Gamma rays USE: Gamma-rays Garments USE: Clothing Gamma-ray bursts UF: Cosmic gamma ray bursts Garnet films Gamma ray bursters BT: Ferrimagnetic films Gamma ray bursts Ferrimagnetic materials BT: Gamma-rays Films Garnets Gamma-ray detection Magnetic films UF: Gamma ray detection Magnetic materials BT: Gamma-rays Garnets Gamma-ray detectors BT: Ferrimagnetic materials UF: Gamma radiation detectors Magnetic materials Gamma ray detectors NT: Garnet films BT: Radiation detectors RT: Astronomy Gas appliances Biomedical applications of BT: Home appliances radiation RT: Furnaces X-ray detectors Space heating X-ray imaging Gas chromatography Gamma-ray effects BT: Measurement UF: Gamma ray effects BT: Gamma-rays Gas detectors Radiation effects UF: Gas sensors BT: Chemical and biological Gamma-ray imaging sensors USE: Nuclear imaging RT: Chemical transducers NT: Amperometric sensors Gamma-rays UF: Gamma rays Gas discharge devices BT: Electromagnetic radiation BT: Nuclear and plasma Nuclear and plasma sciences sciences RT: Discharges (electric) RT: Collimators Electrophotography Nuclear medicine Gases NT: Gamma-ray bursts Lighting Gamma-ray detection Plasma devices Gamma-ray effects Thyratrons NT: Glow discharge devices Ganglia This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 185 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Gas discharges Gas lasers USE: Discharges (electric) Materials science and technology Gas flow Natural gas USE: Fluid flow NT: Argon Carbon emissions Gas industry Coal gas BT: Industries Exhaust gases RT: Petroleum industry Flue gases Helium Gas insulated switchgear Hydrogen USE: Gas insulation Nitrogen Oxygen Gas insulated transmission lines Syngas UF: GITL Xenon Gas-insulated lines Gas-insulated transmission Gaskets BT: Power transmission lines BT: Seals RT: Gas insulation RT: Engine cylinders Engines Gas insulation Pistons UF: Gas insulated switchgear BT: Insulation Gasoline RT: Gas insulated transmission USE: Petroleum lines Gases Gastroenterologists NT: Sulfur hexafluoride USE: Gastroenterology

Gas lasers Gastroenterology UF: Atomic lasers UF: Gastroenterologists Metal vapor lasers BT: Medical specialties BT: Lasers RT: Atom lasers Gastrointestinal Chemical lasers USE: Gastrointestinal tract Gases Gastrointestinal tract Gas platforms UF: Gastrointestinal USE: Offshore installations BT: Digestive system

Gas sensors Gate drivers USE: Gas detectors BT: Power electronics RT: High power amplifiers Gas-insulated lines MOSFET USE: Gas insulated transmission lines Gate leakage BT: Leakage currents Gas-insulated transmission Solid state circuits USE: Gas insulated transmission Tunneling lines Gate leakage current Gases USE: Leakage currents BT: Fluids RT: Discharges (electric) GATT Gas discharge devices USE: Trade agreements Gas insulation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 186 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Gaussian approximation Differential gears BT: Gaussian distribution Helical gears Spur gears Gaussian channels Worm gears BT: Communication channels BT: Machinery RT: Intersymbol interference Mechanical products NT: AWGN channels RT: Automotive components Machine components Gaussian distribution Machine tools UF: Normal distribution Mechanical power BT: Statistical distributions transmission NT: Gaussian approximation Mechanical splines Mechanical systems Gaussian mixture model Production equipment BT: Gaussian processes Shafts Statistics Torque converters NT: Magnetic gears Gaussian noise BT: Noise Gender equity RT: Additive white noise BT: Equal opportunities Image denoising Signal processing Gender issues TV interference BT: Equal opportunities NT: AWGN RT: Digital divide

Gaussian processes Gene expression BT: Stochastic processes BT: Gene therapy RT: Inference mechanisms Learning (artificial Gene therapy intelligence) BT: Genetics Prediction methods NT: Gene expression NT: Gaussian mixture model General agreement on tariffs and trade Gaze tracking USE: Trade agreements BT: Control systems Human computer Generation of electric power interaction USE: Power generation RT: Assistive technology Computer vision Generation Y Eyes USE: Millennials Face recognition Motion measurement Generators Position measurement UF: Dynamo User interfaces BT: Electric machines Video signal processing Rotating machines NT: Electrooculography RT: Coils Islanding GDP Power generation USE: Economic indicators NT: AC generators DC generators Ge Si Electric generators USE: Germanium silicon alloys Standby generators

Gears Genetic algorithms UF: Bevel gears BT: Algorithms This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 187 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Computational intelligence BT: Genetics RT: Job shop scheduling Molecular biomarkers Pareto optimization Search methods Geo tagging USE: Location awareness Genetic communication BT: Genetics Geoacoustic inversion Information theory BT: Sea measurements RT: Biological information theory Geochemistry Biomedical engineering UF: Hydrochemistry DNA BT: Chemistry Geoscience Genetic engineering RT: Geophysics UF: Genetically modified crops Salinity (geophysical) BT: Engineering in medicine and biology Geodesy RT: Agriculture BT: Geophysical measurements Biomedical engineering RT: Position measurement Biotechnology Theodolites Ethical aspects NT: Level measurement Genetics Molecular biophysics Geodynamics Tissue engineering BT: Geophysics

Genetic expression Geoengineering BT: Genetics UF: Engineering geology Geological engineering Genetic mutations Geotechnical engineering BT: DNA BT: Geoscience RT: Drilling Genetic programming Geology BT: Genetics Geophysics Hydrological techniques Genetically modified crops Mining industry USE: Genetic engineering Geographic information systems Genetics UF: GIS BT: Biology BT: Geoscience and remote RT: Amniocentesis sensing Genetic engineering Global communication Memetics Intelligent transportation Molecular biophysics systems NT: DNA RT: Image databases Gene therapy NT: Geospatial analysis Genetic communication Gunshot detection systems Genetic expression Genetic programming Geography Genomics BT: Geoscience RT: Geospatial analysis Genomes NT: Rural areas USE: Genomics Urban areas

Genomics Geologic measurements UF: Genomes BT: Measurement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 188 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Geology Geophysical measurement techniques Geophysical measurements BT: Geoscience and remote Hyperspectral sensors sensing Remote sensing RT: Laser radar Terrain mapping Magneto electrical Theodolites resistivity imaging technique Remote sensing Geological engineering Theodolites USE: Geoengineering Tomography Vegetation mapping Geology NT: Geophysical image BT: Geoscience processing RT: Geoengineering Geologic measurements Geophysical measurements Geophysics UF: Geophysical techniques NT: Minerals BT: Geoscience and remote Rocks sensing Measurement Geomagnetic navigation RT: Atmospheric USE: Geomagnetism AND measurements Navigation Buried object detection Geologic measurements Geomagnetism Geomagnetism UF: Geomagnetic navigation Geophysical signal Geomatics processing BT: Magnetic fields Geophysics RT: Electromagnetic induction Gravity measurement Geophysical measurements Pressure gauges Geophysics Remote sensing Magnetosphere Soil measurements Terrain mapping Geomatics NT: Geodesy USE: Geomagnetism Sea measurements Seismic measurements Geometrical optics BT: Optics Geophysical signal processing RT: Reflectivity BT: Geoscience and remote NT: Ray tracing sensing Signal processing Geometry RT: Geophysical measurements BT: Mathematics RT: Layout Geophysical techniques Shape USE: Geophysical measurements NT: Computational geometry Elliptic curves Geophysics Elliptic design BT: Geoscience Information geometry Physics Projective geometry RT: Earth Surface topography Geochemistry Geoengineering Geophysical image processing Geology BT: Geophysical measurement Geomagnetism techniques Geophysical measurements Image processing Hydrologic measurements Hydrological techniques This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 189 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Oceans Geophysical measurement Terrestrial atmosphere techniques NT: EMTDC Geophysical measurements Extraterrestrial phenomena Geophysical signal Geodynamics processing Geophysics computing Geoscience Meteorology Land surface temperature Moisture Photometry Seismology Radar Surface waves Radiometry Well logging Remote sensing Terrain mapping Geophysics computing Terrestrial atmosphere BT: Geophysics Vegetation mapping RT: Computer aided analysis Geospatial analysis Geoscience BT: Geographic information UF: Earth science systems BT: Geoscience and remote RT: Geography sensing Software Science - general RT: Hydrological techniques GEOSS NT: Antarctica USE: Global Earth Observation Arctic System of Systems Atmosphere Biosphere Geotechnical engineering Continents USE: Geoengineering Cyclones Earth Geotechnical structures Earthquakes USE: Civil engineering Forestry Geochemistry Geothermal energy Geoengineering BT: Energy resources Geography RT: Geothermal power Geology generation Geophysics Ice Geothermal power generation Lakes BT: Power generation Land surface RT: Geothermal energy Levee Meteorological factors Geriatrics Oceanography BT: Medical treatment Oceans RT: Assisted living Rivers Gerontology Sediments Senior citizens Soil Tornadoes Germ warfare Tsunami USE: Biohazards Volcanoes Wetlands Germanium BT: Metals Geoscience and remote sensing Semiconductor materials NT: Environmental factors RT: Epitaxial growth Geographic information Semiconductor thin films systems Silicon germanium This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 190 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Germanium alloys USE: Structural beams

Germanium alloys GIS BT: Germanium USE: Geographic information RT: Alloying systems NT: Germanium silicon alloys GITL Germanium silicon alloys USE: Gas insulated transmission UF: Ge Si lines BT: Germanium alloys Silicon alloys Glands UF: Endocrine glands Germs Exocrine glands USE: Pathogens BT: Biological tissues NT: Mammary glands Gerontechnology Pituitary gland BT: Biomedical equipment Salivary glands Gerontology Sebaceous glands RT: Assistive technology Sweat glands

Gerontology Glass BT: Medical specialties BT: Amorphous materials RT: Aging Glass products Alzheimer's disease RT: Ceramics Geriatrics Dielectric materials Senior citizens Glass industry NT: Gerontechnology Insulation Optical materials Gesture recognition BT: Pattern recognition Glass bottles NT: Sign language USE: Glass products

Gettering Glass ceramics UF: Getters USE: Ceramics BT: Vacuum systems RT: Electron tubes Glass furnaces Integrated circuit USE: Glass manufacturing manufacture Semiconductor device Glass industry manufacture BT: Manufacturing industries Vacuum technology RT: Glass Glass manufacturing Getters Glass products USE: Gettering Glass manufacturing GHZ transverse electromagnetic cells UF: Glass furnaces USE: TEM cells BT: Manufacturing systems RT: Glass industry Giant magnetoresistance BT: Magnetoresistance Glass products RT: Hard disks UF: Glass bottles Magnetoresistive devices BT: Manufactured products Thin film devices RT: Bottling Ceramic products Girders Ceramics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 191 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Chemical products Marine transportation Glass industry Military satellites Windows Road transportation NT: Glass Satellite broadcasting Satellite communication Glazes Telecommunications BT: Coatings Terrain mapping RT: Ceramics NT: Ceramic glazes Global System for Mobile Communications USE: GSM Glial cells UF: Neuroglia Global teams BT: Cells (biology) USE: Global communication Nervous system Global warming Global communication BT: Environmental factors UF: Global groups Temperature measurement Global teams Terrestrial atmosphere BT: Professional RT: Air pollution communication Atmospheric NT: Cross-cultural measurements communication Carbon emissions Geographic information Environmental systems management Greenhouse effect Global Earth Observation System of Systems Land surface temperature UF: GEOSS Ocean temperature BT: Earth Observing System Thermal pollution

Global groups Globalisation USE: Global communication USE: Globalization

Global markets Globalization USE: Globalization UF: Global markets Globalisation Global navigation satellite system BT: Social implications of UF: GNSS technology BT: Satellite navigation systems RT: International collaboration RT: Global Positioning System International relations International trade Global Navigational Positioning System Trade agreements USE: Global Positioning System Glossaries Global Positioning System USE: Terminology UF: DGPS Differential GPS Glow discharge devices GPS BT: Gas discharge devices Global Navigational RT: Glow discharges Positioning System Light sources BT: Satellite navigation systems RT: Air transportation Glow discharges Global navigation satellite BT: Dielectric breakdown system RT: Glow discharge devices Indoor navigation Land transportation Glucose This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 192 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Sugar Government policies BT: Government Glycomics RT: Censorship BT: Molecular biomarkers Public infrastructure NT: Public policy GNP USE: Economic indicators Governmental factors BT: Management GNSS RT: Government USE: Global navigation satellite Legal factors system Social factors NT: Public finance Goggles USE: Eye protection GPR USE: Ground penetrating radar Gold UF: Au GPS BT: Metals USE: Global Positioning System NT: Gold alloys GPU Gold alloys USE: Graphics processing units BT: Gold RT: Alloying Gradient methods BT: Mathematics Goniometers Numerical analysis BT: Meters Optimization methods RT: Level set Google Search methods BT: Computer networks RT: Information retrieval Grain alcohol Information services USE: Ethanol Internet Online services Grain boundaries BT: Crystals Google Chrome RT: Conductivity USE: Browsers Corrosion Grain size Government Thermal conductivity BT: Organizations RT: Governmental factors Grain size Macroeconomics BT: Crystals Public finance RT: Grain boundaries NT: Electronic government Government policies Grammar Legislation BT: Professional Local government communication US Government Writing Voting RT: Syntactics

Government borrowing Granular computing USE: Public finance BT: Programming RT: Concurrent computing Government expenditure Information processing USE: Public finance Granular superconductors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 193 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Superconducting materials Graphics processing units RT: High-temperature UF: GPU superconductors VPU BT: Program processors Graph theory RT: Computer graphics BT: Combinatorial mathematics Mathematics Graphite RT: Ant colony optimization UF: Black lead Circuit topology Plumbago Topology BT: Minerals NT: Bipartite graph RT: Carbon Optimal matching Lead Reachability analysis NT: Graphene Shortest path problem Tree graphs Grasping BT: Haptic interfaces Graphene BT: Graphite Gratings NT: Graphene devices UF: Optical gratings Transient gratings Graphene devices BT: Periodic structures BT: Graphene RT: Optical devices RT: Field effect transistors Flexible electronics Gravimeter Molecular electronics USE: Gravity measurement Nanoelectronics Gravitational force Graphic user interfaces USE: Gravity USE: Graphical user interfaces Gravitometer Graphical models USE: Gravity measurement BT: Modeling Gravity Graphical user interfaces UF: Gravitational force UF: GUI BT: Force Graphic user interfaces RT: Acceleration BT: Product development Force measurement User interfaces NT: Avatars Gravity measurement UF: Gravimeter Graphics Gravitometer BT: Design methodology BT: Force measurement RT: Displays RT: Astrophysics Technical drawing Geophysical measurements NT: Animation Art Gray codes Character generation USE: Reflective binary codes Computer graphics Engineering drawings Gray matter Layout USE: Grey matter Shape Symbols Gray-scale Virtual reality UF: Grayscale Visualization BT: Image processing

Grayscale BT: Infrared heating USE: Gray-scale RT: Carbon emissions Environmental factors Greedy algorithms Global warming BT: Computation theory Pollution control

Green buildings Greenhouses BT: Construction BT: Agriculture Green products Production facilities RT: Environmental factors RT: Crops Green design Grey codes Green cleaning USE: Reflective binary codes BT: Green products Grey matter Green computing UF: Gray matter BT: Computer applications BT: Central nervous system Energy conservation Green design Grid computing RT: Environmental factors UF: Grid maze Sustainable development BT: Metacomputing

Green design Grid maze UF: Environmental design USE: Grid computing Sustainable design BT: Design methodology Grinding machines RT: Green buildings BT: Machine tools NT: Ecodesign Green computing Grippers UF: Microgrippers Green function Worms USE: Green's function methods BT: Materials handling equipment Green products RT: End effectors BT: Environmental factors Loading RT: Biohazards Pollution Gross domestic product NT: Green buildings USE: Economic indicators Green cleaning Gross national product Green's function USE: Economic indicators USE: Green's function methods Ground penetrating radar Green's function methods UF: GPR UF: Green function Ground-penetrating radar Green's function BT: Imaging Green's functions Radar BT: Modeling RT: Buried object detection RT: Failure analysis Radar detection Materials reliability Radar imaging Synthetic aperture radar Green's functions Ultra wideband radar USE: Green's function methods Ground source heat pumps Greenhouse effect USE: Heat pumps This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 195 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

GUI Ground state USE: Graphical user interfaces USE: Stationary state Guided electromagnetic wave propagation Ground support USE: Waveguide theory UF: Aerospace ground equipment Guidelines Aerospace ground services BT: Standardization BT: Aerospace control RT: IEEE Publishing activities RT: Aircraft ISO Military equipment Publishing Missiles Navigation Guideways (mechanical) Rockets USE: Mechanical guides Space vehicles Gunn devices Ground temperature UF: Transferred electron USE: Land surface temperature devices BT: Semiconductor devices Ground transportation USE: Land transportation Guns BT: Weapons Ground vehicles USE: Land vehicles Gunshot detection systems BT: Geographic information Ground-penetrating radar systems USE: Ground penetrating radar Sensor systems

Grounding Gynaecology UF: earthing USE: Gynecology BT: Electrical safety RT: Circuit stability Gynecology Electric shock UF: Gynaecology Fault currents BT: Medical specialties Power system protection Protection Gyrators BT: Active circuits Group technology RT: Active inductors BT: Production Ferrite devices RT: Product design Production control Gyroklystrons USE: Klystrons Groupware USE: Collaborative work Gyromagnetism BT: Magnetics GSM RT: Faraday effect UF: Global System for Mobile Ferrites Communications Gyrotropism BT: Wireless communication RT: Dual band Gyroscopes Roaming UF: Non-gyroscopes Nongyroscopes GTEM cells BT: Level control USE: TEM cells RT: Laser applications Ring lasers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 196 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Hair follicle Gyrotrons BT: Masers Hair follicle RT: Electron beams BT: Hair

Gyrotropism Half-wave plates BT: Magnetooptic effects USE: Optical retarders RT: Faraday effect Gyromagnetism Hall effect UF: Hall mobility H infinity control BT: Magnetoelectric effects UF: H-infinity control RT: Hall effect devices BT: Optimization methods RT: Closed loop systems Hall effect devices Control systems BT: Semiconductor devices Intelligent control RT: Hall effect Optimal control Hall mobility H-infinity control USE: Hall effect USE: H infinity control Ham radios H2O BT: Radio communication USE: Water equipment

Hacker Hamming distance USE: Computer hacking BT: Information theory

Hacking Hamming weight USE: Computer crime BT: Information theory

Hacks HAMR USE: Computer hacking USE: Heat-assisted magnetic recording Haemorrhaging USE: Hemorrhaging Hand tools BT: Tools Hafnium RT: Machine tools UF: Hf BT: Chemical elements Handheld computers Metals UF: BlackBerry RT: Nuclear physics Handheld devices NT: Hafnium compounds Wireless handheld devices BT: Portable computers Hafnium compounds NT: Personal digital assistants BT: Hafnium RT: Alloying Handheld devices NT: Hafnium oxide USE: Handheld computers

Hafnium oxide Handicapped aids BT: Hafnium compounds USE: Assistive technology

Hair Handover BT: Integumentary system BT: Communication switching NT: Eyebrows Data transfer Eyelashes RT: Cellular networks This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 197 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Communication system RT: Giant magnetoresistance signaling Satellite communication Hard-disc drives USE: Hard disks Handsets USE: Telephone sets Hard-disk drives USE: Hard disks Handwriting recognition UF: Signature detection Hardware Signature verification UF: Computer hardware Written character BT: Computers and information recognition processing Written characters RT: Firewalls (computing) Written-character Ports (Computers) recognition NT: Input devices BT: Identification of persons Open source hardware Pattern recognition Reconfigurable devices RT: Biometrics (access control) Wireless access points NT: Forgery Hardware description languages Haptic interfaces USE: Hardware design UF: Haptic systems languages Haptics BT: Computer interfaces Hardware design languages RT: Modeling UF: HDL Touch sensitive screens Hardware description NT: Data gloves languages Force feedback IEEE 1364 Grasping BT: Computer languages RT: Design automation Haptic systems USE: Haptic interfaces Hardware-in-the loop simulation UF: HIL simulation Haptics BT: Simulation USE: Haptic interfaces RT: Aerospace control Control engineering Hard amorphous carbon computing USE: Diamond-like carbon Control system synthesis Embedded systems Hard disc drives Real-time systems USE: Hard disks Testing Vehicle dynamics Hard discs USE: Hard disks Harmonic analysis UF: Harmonics Hard disk drives BT: Mathematics USE: Hard disks Signal analysis RT: Fast Fourier transforms Hard disks Fourier transforms UF: Hard disc drives Spectral analysis Hard discs Wavelet transforms Hard disk drives Hard-disc drives Harmonic distortion Hard-disk drives BT: Nonlinear distortion BT: Magnetic memory This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 198 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Power conversion Pest control harmonics Rescue robots NT: Harmonics suppression Working environment noise Total harmonic distortion NT: Biohazards Chemical hazards Harmonic filters Explosions BT: Filters Fires Flammability Harmonic generation Floods USE: Frequency conversion Hazardous areas Hazardous materials Harmonics Toxicology USE: Harmonic analysis Hazmat Harmonics suppression USE: Hazardous materials BT: Harmonic distortion HbbTV Standards Harmonised index of consumer prices BT: ETSI Standards USE: Economic indicators RT: Digital TV TV Harmonized index of consumer prices USE: Economic indicators HBT USE: Heterojunction bipolar Hashtag transistors USE: Tagging AND Twitter HCCI engines USE: Internal combustion Hazardous areas engines BT: Hazards RT: Accidents HCI Explosions USE: Human computer Fires interaction Hazardous materials Industrial accidents HD Protection USE: High definition video Radioactive pollution Radioactive waste HD video Safety USE: High definition video Surveillance HDL Hazardous materials USE: Hardware design UF: Hazmat languages BT: Hazards Materials HDTV RT: Chemical hazards UF: ATV Flammability Advanced TV Hazardous areas EDTV Radioactive waste Extended definition TV Toxicology High definition television High-definition TV Hazards IDTV BT: Safety Improved definition TV RT: Contamination BT: Digital TV Explosion protection NT: UHDTV Occupational stress This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 199 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Head BT: Medical services BT: Body regions RT: Auditory system Health physics Brain USE: Radiation monitoring Visual systems NT: Cranium Healthcare Ear USE: Medical services Face Forehead Hearing Lips USE: Auditory system Mouth Nose Hearing aids Scalp BT: Sensory aids Skull RT: Auditory system Speech enhancement Head sets USE: Headphones Heart BT: Cardiovascular system Head-mounted displays RT: Cardiology UF: Helmet mounted displays NT: Fetal heart BT: Displays Heart rate Human computer Heart valves interaction Heart ventricles

Head-up displays Heart arrest UF: Heads up displays USE: Cardiac arrest BT: Displays Human computer Heart attack interaction USE: Cardiac arrest

Headphones Heart beat UF: Earphones UF: Heartbeat Head sets BT: Heart rate Headsets BT: Audio systems Heart rate UF: HR Heads up displays BT: Heart USE: Head-up displays NT: Fetal heart rate Heart beat Headsets Heart rate detection USE: Headphones Heart rate interval Heart rate measurement Health (occupational) Heart rate variability USE: Occupational health Heart rate detection Health and safety BT: Heart rate BT: Safety RT: Environmental factors Heart rate interval NT: Occupational health BT: Heart rate Occupational safety Heart rate measurement Health care BT: Heart rate USE: Medical services RT: Phonocardiography

Health information management Heart rate variability This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 200 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: HRV BT: Heart rate Heat-assisted magnetic recording UF: HAMR Heart valves BT: Magnetic recording BT: Heart Heating systems Heart ventricles BT: Temperature control BT: Heart RT: Entropy Furnaces Heartbeat High-temperature USE: Heart beat techniques Laser applications Heat engines Rapid thermal processing BT: Engines Thermal engineering NT: Steam engines NT: Boilers Stirling engines Cogeneration Electromagnetic heating Heat islands Heat pipes USE: Thermal pollution Heat recovery Induction heating Heat pipes Infrared heating BT: Heating systems Resistance heating RT: Cooling Solar heating Heat transfer Space heating Thermal energy Heat pumps Trigeneration UF: Ground source heat pumps Water heating BT: Pumps RT: Refrigerants Heatsinks USE: Heat sinks Heat recovery UF: Industrial heat recovery Hebb's methods BT: Heating systems USE: Hebbian theory RT: Boilers Thermal engineering Hebb's rule USE: Hebbian theory Heat sinks UF: Heatsinks Hebbian learning BT: Cooling USE: Hebbian theory

Heat transfer Hebbian principle BT: Thermal conductivity USE: Hebbian theory RT: Heat pipes NT: Convection Hebbian theory UF: Hebb's methods Heat treatment Hebb's rule BT: Materials processing Hebbian learning RT: Curing Hebbian principle Firing BT: Artificial neural networks Foundries Kilns Helical antennas Smelting BT: Antennas Thermal factors RT: Electromagnetic NT: Annealing waveguides Calcination Telecommunications This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 201 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Transmission lines VHF circuits Heterogeneous networks Waveguide components BT: Computer networks

Helical gears Heterojunction bipolar transistors USE: Gears UF: HBT BT: Transistors Helicopters RT: Heterojunctions BT: Aircraft Integrated optoelectronics Semiconductor devices Helium NT: Double heterojunction BT: Chemical elements bipolar transistors Gases Heterojunctions Helmet mounted displays BT: Junctions USE: Head-mounted displays RT: Heterojunction bipolar transistors Hemodynamics UF: Hemorheology Heterostructure FETs BT: Blood flow USE: HEMTs AND MODFETs Hemorheology USE: Hemodynamics Heuristic algorithms UF: Dynamic algorithms Hemorrhaging BT: Algorithms UF: Bleeding Haemorrhaging HEV BT: Medical conditions USE: Hybrid electric vehicles

HEMTs HEVC UF: Heterostructure FETs USE: High efficiency video coding High electron mobility transistors Hf High electron-mobility USE: Hafnium transistors High-electron mobility HFC transistors USE: Hybrid fiber coaxial cables High-electron-mobility transistors Hg BT: Field effect transistors USE: Mercury (metals) RT: MODFETs NT: D-HEMTs Hidden Markov models DH-HEMTs BT: Modeling PHEMTs RT: Markov processes mHEMTs Pattern recognition

Hepatectomy Hierarchical systems BT: Medical treatment BT: Systems engineering and Surgery theory NT: Multilevel systems Hermetic seals BT: Seals High definition television USE: HDTV Hetero-nanocrystal memory BT: Single electron memory High definition video This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 202 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: HD BT: Computer languages HD video RT: Page description languages BT: Video recording NT: Java NT: Ultra-high definition video Linux Parallel languages High efficiency video coding UF: HEVC High level synthesis High-efficiency video BT: Circuit synthesis coding RT: Programmable logic BT: Video coding devices RT: MPEG 4 Standard High performance computing High electron mobility transistors UF: HPC USE: HEMTs High-performance computing High electron-mobility transistors BT: Computers and information USE: HEMTs processing

High energy physics High power amplifiers UF: Particle physics BT: Power amplifiers BT: Physics RT: Gate drivers

High energy physics instrumentation High power fiber lasers computing UF: HPFL BT: Computer applications High-power fiber lasers Instrumentation and BT: Fiber lasers measurement Nuclear and plasma High power microwave generation sciences UF: HPM generation RT: Data acquisition High-power microwave Elementary particles generation Nuclear electronics BT: Microwave generation Particle measurements Particle tracking High resolution imaging Position sensitive particle USE: High-resolution imaging detectors Proton effects High speed electronics Radiation effects USE: High-speed electronics Real-time systems Synchrotrons High speed integrated circuits NT: Linear particle accelerator USE: High-speed integrated circuits High intensity discharge lamps BT: Discharge lamps High speed networking RT: Arc discharges USE: High-speed networks Electrical ballasts Emergency lighting High speed networks Light sources USE: High-speed networks Lighting Lighting control High speed optical methods USE: High-speed optical High K techniques USE: High-k dielectric materials High speed optical techniques High level languages This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 203 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: High-speed optical USE: High power microwave techniques generation

High speed rail transportation High-resolution imaging USE: Rail transportation UF: High resolution imaging BT: Image resolution High speed techniques USE: High-speed electronics High-speed electronics UF: High speed electronics High T_c superconductors High speed techniques USE: High-temperature High-speed techniques superconductors BT: Communications technology High Tc superconductors NT: High-speed integrated USE: High-temperature circuits superconductors High-speed networks Ultrafast electronics High temperature superconductors USE: High-temperature High-speed integrated circuits superconductors UF: High speed integrated circuits High-definition TV BT: High-speed electronics USE: HDTV RT: Integrated circuit technology High-efficiency video coding Microcontrollers USE: High efficiency video coding High-speed networking High-electron mobility transistors USE: High-speed networks USE: HEMTs High-speed networks High-electron-mobility transistors UF: High speed networking USE: HEMTs High speed networks High-speed networking High-K BT: High-speed electronics USE: High-k dielectric materials RT: Long Term Evolution

High-k dielectric materials High-speed optical methods UF: High K USE: High-speed optical High-K techniques BT: Dielectric materials RT: Semiconductor materials High-speed optical techniques UF: High speed optical methods High-k gate dielectrics High speed optical BT: Dielectric constant techniques Semiconductor device High-speed optical methods manufacture BT: Optical design techniques RT: Light fidelity High-performance computing USE: High performance High-speed rail transportation computing USE: Rail transportation

High-power fiber lasers High-speed techniques USE: High power fiber lasers USE: High-speed electronics

High-power microwave generation High-T_c superconductors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 204 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: High-temperature HIL simulation superconductors USE: Hardware-in-the loop simulation High-Tc superconductors USE: High-temperature Hilbert space superconductors BT: Euclidean distance

High-temperature effects Hilbert?Huang transforms USE: Thermal factors USE: Empirical mode decomposition High-temperature superconductors UF: HTS Hindbrain High T_c UF: Rhombencephalon superconductors BT: Brain High Tc superconductors RT: Forebrain High temperature Midbrain superconductors High-T_c Hinges superconductors USE: Fasteners High-Tc superconductors Superconductors (high Hip temperature) BT: Extremities BT: Superconducting materials RT: Ceramics Hip joint replacements Granular superconductors USE: Prosthetics Persistent currents Superconducting devices Hippocampus Superconducting films BT: Temporal lobe Superconducting transition RT: Alzheimer's disease temperature Surface impedance Histograms Surface resistance BT: Statistics NT: Yttrium barium copper oxide History BT: Science - general High-temperature techniques BT: Industry applications HIV RT: Heating systems USE: Human immunodeficiency NT: Rapid thermal processing virus

High-voltage techniques Hobbing machines BT: Power engineering BT: Machining RT: Power electronics RT: Machine tools Pulse power systems Hoists Higher order statistics USE: Lifting equipment BT: Statistics RT: Differential equations Hole carriers USE: Charge carrier processes Highspeed rail transportation USE: Rail transportation Holey fibers UF: Holey fibres Highways BT: Photonic crystal fibers USE: Road transportation Holey fibres This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 205 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Holey fibers Homeostasis BT: Biology Hollow waveguides Control systems BT: Electromagnetic waveguides Homopolar machines NT: Liquid waveguides BT: DC machines

Holmium Honey pot (computing) BT: Chemical elements BT: Computer security

Holographic optical components Honeycomb structures BT: Optical devices BT: Structural shapes RT: Holography RT: Lightweight structures Sandwich structures Holography Structural panels BT: Imaging Thin wall structures RT: Holographic optical components Hopfield networks Image reconstruction USE: Hopfield neural networks Laser applications Photorefractive materials Hopfield neural networks UF: Hopfield networks Home appliances BT: Recurrent neural networks UF: Appliances Domestic appliances Hormones Domestic induction USE: Biochemistry appliances Household appliances Horn antennas BT: Consumer products BT: Antennas NT: Gas appliances Microwave ovens Horses Ovens BT: Animals Refrigerators Washing machines Hoses BT: Mechanical products Home automation RT: Automotive components UF: Home networks Rubber products BT: Consumer electronics RT: Automation Hospitals Service robots BT: Medical services NT: Portable media players Medical treatment Refrigerators RT: Biomedical engineering Smart homes Washing machines Hot carrier effects BT: Hot carriers Home computing BT: Consumer electronics Hot carrier injection RT: Computers and information UF: Hot-carrier injection processing BT: Hot carriers Firewire NT: Channel hot electron Microcomputers injection Drain avalanche hot carrier Home networks injection USE: Home automation Secondary generated hot electron injection This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 206 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Substrate hot electron Human computer interaction injection UF: HCI Human-centered computing Hot carriers Human-computer BT: Charge carriers interaction RT: Semiconductor devices Human-computer interfaces NT: Hot carrier effects User friendliness Hot carrier injection BT: User interfaces RT: Adaptive learning Hot-carrier injection Cyber-physical systems USE: Hot carrier injection Human factors Human-vehicle systems Household appliances NT: Affective computing USE: Home appliances Extended reality Gaze tracking HPC Head-mounted displays USE: High performance Head-up displays computing Telepresence Telexistence HPFL USE: High power fiber lasers Human disease markers USE: Biomarkers HPM generation USE: High power microwave Human engineering generation USE: Ergonomics

HR Human factors USE: Heart rate UF: Human factors engineering Stress (psychological) HRV BT: Systems, man, and USE: Heart rate variability cybernetics RT: Aerospace biophysics HTML Affective computing BT: Markup languages Androids Anthropometry HTS Behavioral sciences USE: High-temperature Cognitive science superconductors Ergonomics Human computer Huffman coding interaction BT: Data compression Man-machine systems Entropy coding Persuasive systems RT: Algorithms Problem-solving Communication systems Productivity Multimedia communication Social engineering Multimedia databases (security) Multimedia systems Telerobotics Symbols NT: Anthropomorphism

Human anatomy Human factors engineering BT: Anatomy USE: Ergonomics AND Human factors Human cloning USE: Cloning Human immunodeficiency virus UF: HIV This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 207 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Diseases BT: IEEE Corporate activities

Human resource management Humanitarian aid BT: Management USE: Humanitarian activities RT: Industrial psychology NT: Appraisal Humanoid robots Continuing professional BT: Robots development RT: Mobile robots Employee welfare Employment HumanXR Equal opportunities USE: Extended reality Incentive schemes Job specification Humidity Labor resources BT: Meteorology Multiskilling RT: Humidity control Personnel Humidity measurement Recruitment Trees - insulation Remuneration Retirement Humidity control Termination of employment BT: Moisture control Unemployment RT: Humidity

Human robot interaction Humidity measurement USE: Human-robot interaction BT: Moisture measurement RT: Humidity Human voice BT: Speech processing Hurricanes BT: Cyclones Human-centered computing USE: Human computer HVDC transmission interaction BT: Power transmission RT: Voltage-source converters Human-computer interaction USE: Human computer Hybrid automobiles interaction USE: Hybrid electric vehicles

Human-computer interfaces Hybrid cars USE: Human computer USE: Hybrid electric vehicles interaction Hybrid electric vehicles Human-robot interaction UF: HEV UF: Human robot interaction Hybrid automobiles BT: User interfaces Hybrid cars BT: Electric vehicles Human-vehicle interaction RT: Battery powered vehicles USE: Human-vehicle systems Charging stations Energy storage Human-vehicle systems Internal combustion UF: Human-vehicle interaction engines BT: User interfaces Traction motors RT: Human computer Vehicle-to-grid interaction NT: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles Humanitarian activities UF: Humanitarian aid Hybrid fiber coaxial cables This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 208 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: HFC Hybrid fibre coaxial cables Hydraulic oils BT: Coaxial cables USE: Hydraulic fluids

Hybrid fibre coaxial cables Hydraulic systems USE: Hybrid fiber coaxial cables UF: Hydraulics BT: Machinery Hybrid integrated circuits RT: Fluid flow BT: Circuits Irrigation Integrated circuits NT: Electrohydraulics RT: Thick film circuits Hydraulic equipment Thin film circuits Hydraulic fluids

Hybrid intelligent systems Hydraulic turbines BT: Fuzzy systems BT: Turbines RT: Intelligent systems RT: Hydroelectric power generation Hybrid junctions BT: Junctions Hydraulics RT: Directional couplers USE: Hydraulic systems

Hybrid power systems Hydrocarbon reservoirs BT: Power systems BT: Hydrocarbons RT: Distributed power generation Hydrocarbons Photovoltaic systems UF: Oil sands Oil shale Hydraulic actuators BT: Organic chemicals BT: Actuators Petroleum RT: Hydraulic drives NT: Hydrocarbon reservoirs

Hydraulic diameter Hydrochemistry BT: Fluid flow USE: Geochemistry NT: Microchannels Hydrodynamics Hydraulic drives UF: Smoothed particle BT: Drives hydrodynamics RT: Hydraulic actuators BT: Dynamics Mechanical factors Hydraulic equipment RT: Fluid dynamics BT: Hydraulic systems Fluid flow NT: Valves Microfluidics Water Hydraulic fluids NT: Electrohydrodynamics UF: Hydraulic liquids Magnetohydrodynamics Hydraulic oils BT: Fluids Hydroelectric power generation Hydraulic systems UF: Hydroelectricity RT: Production materials Hydropower Hyrdroelectric Hydraulic fracking BT: Power generation USE: Fracking RT: Hydraulic turbines NT: Hydroelectric-thermal Hydraulic liquids power generation USE: Hydraulic fluids Microhydro power This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 209 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Picohydro power Hydropower USE: Hydroelectric power Hydroelectric-thermal power generation generation BT: Hydroelectric power generation Hypercubes BT: Multiprocessor Hydroelectricity interconnection USE: Hydroelectric power RT: Computer networks generation Hyperdermic needles Hydrogen USE: Hypodermic needles BT: Chemical elements Gases Hyperspectral imaging NT: Deuterium BT: Hyperspectral sensors

Hydrogen fluoride Hyperspectral sensors BT: Fluorine compounds BT: Remote sensing RT: Geologic measurements Hydrogen storage Military aircraft BT: Energy storage Military communication Military satellites Hydrologic measurements Mining industry BT: Hydrology Submillimeter wave RT: Fluid flow measurement measurements Geophysics Wavelength measurement Hydrological techniques NT: Hyperspectral imaging Oceanographic techniques Water Hypertension BT: Medical conditions Hydrological techniques BT: Hydrology Hypertext systems RT: Geoengineering BT: Computer interfaces Geophysics Information retrieval Geoscience RT: Database systems Hydrologic measurements NT: Fracking Hyperthermia BT: Medical conditions Hydrology Medical treatment BT: Fluid flow RT: Electromagnetic heating RT: Water Wetlands Hypervisors NT: Floods USE: Virtual machine monitors Hydrologic measurements Hydrological techniques Hypodermic needles Ocean waves UF: Hyperdermic needles BT: Biomedical equipment Hydromagnetics USE: Magnetohydrodynamics Hypothalamus BT: Brain Hydrometers RT: Central nervous system BT: Density measurement Hyrdroelectric Hydrophones USE: Hydroelectric power USE: Sonar equipment generation

Hysteresis BT: Materials science and Identification of persons technology BT: Systems, man, and RT: Damping cybernetics Magnetic hysteresis RT: Access control Magnetization processes Palmprint recognition Spin valves Security NT: Biometrics (access control) Hysteresis motors Face recognition BT: AC motors Fingerprint recognition Motors Handwriting recognition Rotating machines Speaker recognition Synchronous machines Speech recognition Synchronous motors Identity management systems I/O programs BT: Computer security USE: Input-output programs Information systems

IC Identity-based cryptography USE: Integrated circuits USE: Identity-based encryption

IC packaging Identity-based encryption USE: Integrated circuit packaging UF: ID-based encryption Identity-based cryptography Ice BT: Public key cryptography BT: Geoscience RT: Meteorology IDTV Snow USE: HDTV NT: Ice shelf Ice surface IEC Ice thickness UF: International Sea ice electrotechnical commission BT: Standards organizations Ice shelf RT: Communication standards BT: Ice Standardization Standards Ice surface NT: Moving Pictures Experts BT: Ice Group

Ice thickness IEC publications BT: Ice USE: IEC Standards

ICP IEC Standards USE: Iterative closest point UF: IEC publications algorithm BT: Standards publications RT: Common Information Model ICs (electricity) USE: Integrated circuits NT: MPEG standards

ICT IEEE 1364 USE: Information and USE: Hardware design communication technology languages

ID-based encryption IEEE 1394 Standard USE: Identity-based encryption UF: P1394 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 211 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: IEEE Standards Radio communication RT: Data buses Wireless LAN Data communication Firewire IEEE 802.11n Standard Machine vision UF: 802.11n Video signal processing BT: IEEE 802.11 Standard RT: Antennas IEEE 802 LAN-MAN Standards Bluetooth BT: IEEE Standards Communication channels NT: IEEE 802.11 Standard Computer networks IEEE 802.15 Standard MIMO communication IEEE 802.16 Standard Modulation IEEE 802.19 Standard Protocols IEEE 802.22 Standard Radio communication IEEE 802.3 Standard Wireless LAN

IEEE 802.11 Standard IEEE 802.11p Standard UF: 802.11 BT: IEEE 802.11 Standard P802.11 RT: Intelligent vehicles BT: IEEE 802 LAN-MAN Wireless Access in Standards Vehicular Environments RT: Bluetooth Wireless communication Butler matrices Wireless networks Computer networks MIMO communication IEEE 802.15 Standard Modulation UF: 802.15 Protocols BT: IEEE 802 LAN-MAN Radio communication Standards Wireless LAN RT: Bluetooth Wireless access points Light fidelity Wireless communication Personal communication Wireless fidelity networks NT: IEEE 802.11e Standard Radio communication IEEE 802.11g Standard Wireless LAN IEEE 802.11n Standard ZigBee IEEE 802.11p Standard IEEE 802.16 Standard IEEE 802.11e Standard UF: 802.16 UF: 802.11e BT: IEEE 802 LAN-MAN BT: IEEE 802.11 Standard Standards RT: Communication channels RT: Broadband communication Protocols Computer networks Quality assurance Cross layer design Quality control Internet Quality of service MIMO communication Streaming media Metropolitan area networks Wireless LAN Multimedia communication WiMAX IEEE 802.11g Standard UF: 802.11g IEEE 802.19 Standard BT: IEEE 802.11 Standard BT: IEEE 802 LAN-MAN RT: Bluetooth Standards Computer networks Modulation IEEE 802.22 Standard Protocols This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 212 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: IEEE 802 LAN-MAN NT: Prize Paper awards Standards Service awards RT: Regional area networks Student awards WRAN Technical Field awards Wireless communication Wireless networks IEEE Boards BT: IEEE entities IEEE 802.3 Standard RT: IEEE activities UF: 802.3 BT: IEEE 802 LAN-MAN IEEE books Standards BT: IEEE publications RT: Communication switching Computer networks IEEE bylaws Ethernet BT: IEEE governance Local area networks Packet switching IEEE catalogs Switches BT: IEEE products Wide area networks IEEE Center for the History of Electrical IEEE activities Engineering UF: Activities UF: IEEE History Center BT: IEEE organization BT: IEEE entities RT: IEEE Boards NT: IEEE Awards activities IEEE Chapter news IEEE Conference activities BT: IEEE news IEEE Corporate activities IEEE Educational activities IEEE Chapters IEEE Intersociety activities BT: IEEE entities IEEE Local activities IEEE Member and IEEE Committees Geographic activities BT: IEEE entities IEEE Professional activities IEEE Publishing activities IEEE Communities IEEE Standards activities BT: IEEE entities IEEE Student activities IEEE Technical activities IEEE Computer Society Press IEEE United States BT: IEEE entities activities RT: IEEE Publishing activities IEEE Volunteer activities IEEE Conference activities IEEE Associate Members BT: IEEE activities BT: IEEE members IEEE conference proceedings IEEE audio tapes BT: IEEE publications BT: IEEE products IEEE Constitution IEEE Awards activities BT: IEEE governance BT: IEEE activities RT: IEEE Educational activities IEEE Corporate activities IEEE Fellows BT: IEEE activities IEEE Foundation RT: IEEE Professional activities IEEE Professional activities IEEE staff IEEE Technical activities Legal factors IEEE United States NT: Humanitarian activities activities This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 213 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

IEEE Councils BT: IEEE entities IEEE indexing BT: IEEE organization IEEE directories NT: Awards BT: IEEE publications Book reviews CD-ROM reviews IEEE Educational activities Editorials BT: IEEE activities Interviews RT: IEEE Awards activities Obituaries IEEE Foundation Software reviews IEEE Professional activities Special issues and sections Tutorials IEEE educational products Video reviews BT: IEEE products IEEE Intersociety activities IEEE employees BT: IEEE activities USE: IEEE staff RT: IEEE Professional activities

IEEE entities IEEE journals BT: IEEE organization BT: IEEE publications NT: IEEE Boards IEEE Center for the History IEEE Life Members of Electrical Engineering BT: IEEE members IEEE Chapters IEEE Committees IEEE Local activities IEEE Communities BT: IEEE activities IEEE Computer Society Press IEEE magazines IEEE Councils BT: IEEE publications IEEE Foundation IEEE Press IEEE Member and Geographic activities IEEE Regions BT: IEEE activities IEEE Sections IEEE Societies IEEE members BT: IEEE organization IEEE Fellows RT: IEEE Volunteer activities BT: IEEE members NT: IEEE Associate Members RT: IEEE Awards activities IEEE Fellows IEEE Life Members IEEE Foundation IEEE Senior Members BT: IEEE entities IEEE Student Members RT: IEEE Awards activities IEEE Educational activities IEEE merchandise BT: IEEE products IEEE governance BT: IEEE organization IEEE mission and vision NT: IEEE Constitution UF: Vision IEEE bylaws BT: IEEE governance IEEE mission and vision IEEE policy and procedures IEEE news IEEE staff UF: Announcements BT: IEEE organization IEEE History Center NT: IEEE Chapter news USE: IEEE Center for the History IEEE Region news of Electrical Engineering IEEE Section news This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 214 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

IEEE Society news NT: IEEE books IEEE conference IEEE newsletters proceedings BT: IEEE publications IEEE directories IEEE journals IEEE on-line publications IEEE magazines USE: IEEE online publications IEEE newsletters IEEE online publications IEEE online publications IEEE standards UF: Electronic publications publications IEEE on-line publications IEEE transactions BT: IEEE publications Notice of Violation

IEEE organization IEEE Publishing activities NT: IEEE activities BT: IEEE activities IEEE entities RT: Guidelines IEEE governance IEEE Computer Society IEEE indexing Press IEEE members IEEE Press IEEE news IEEE products IEEE Region news BT: IEEE news IEEE policy and procedures RT: IEEE Regions UF: IEEE procedures BT: IEEE governance IEEE Regions BT: IEEE entities IEEE Press RT: IEEE Region news BT: IEEE entities RT: IEEE Publishing activities IEEE Section news BT: IEEE news IEEE procedures USE: IEEE policy and procedures IEEE Sections BT: IEEE entities IEEE products BT: IEEE organization IEEE Senior Members NT: IEEE Xplore BT: IEEE members IEEE audio tapes IEEE catalogs IEEE Societies IEEE educational products BT: IEEE entities IEEE merchandise IEEE publications IEEE Society news BT: IEEE news IEEE Professional activities UF: Non-united-states activities IEEE staff BT: IEEE activities UF: IEEE employees RT: IEEE Awards activities BT: IEEE governance IEEE Corporate activities RT: IEEE Corporate activities IEEE Educational activities IEEE Intersociety activities IEEE Standards IEEE Technical activities BT: Standards publications IEEE United States RT: ANSI Standards activities IEEE Standards activities NT: AIEE Standards IEEE publications IEEE 1394 Standard BT: IEEE products This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 215 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

IEEE 802 LAN-MAN Standards IEL IRE Standards UF: IEEE/IEE Electronic Library BT: IEEE Xplore IEEE Standards activities BT: IEEE activities Ignition RT: IEEE Standards BT: Chemical reactors Internal combustion IEEE Standards Association engines BT: Standards organizations Nuclear physics Plasma materials IEEE standards glossaries processing BT: IEEE standards publications II-VI semiconductor materials BT: Semiconductor materials IEEE standards publications BT: IEEE publications III-V semiconductor materials NT: IEEE standards glossaries BT: Semiconductor materials RT: Aluminum gallium nitride IEEE Student activities BT: IEEE activities IIR filters RT: IEEE Student Members UF: Infinite impulse response filters IEEE Student Members BT: Filters BT: IEEE members RT: IEEE Student activities Illumination Student awards USE: Lighting

IEEE Technical activities Illumination control BT: IEEE activities USE: Lighting control RT: IEEE Awards activities IEEE Professional activities Illumination gas IEEE Volunteer activities USE: Coal gas

IEEE transactions IM BT: IEEE publications USE: Instant messaging

IEEE United States activities Image analysis UF: US activities UF: Scene analysis BT: IEEE activities Scene classification RT: IEEE Awards activities BT: Image processing IEEE Professional activities RT: Image recognition Machine vision IEEE Volunteer activities NT: Image classification BT: IEEE activities Image motion analysis RT: IEEE Technical activities Image quality IEEE members Image sequence analysis Image texture analysis IEEE Xplore Object detection BT: IEEE products Subtraction techniques RT: Information services NT: IEL Image annotation UF: Image tagging IEEE/IEE Electronic Library Linguistic indexing USE: IEL Video annotation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 216 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Image processing Picture archiving and RT: Feature extraction communication systems Image classification Image retrieval Image compression Learning (artificial USE: Image coding intelligence) Metadata Image converters Video signal processing BT: Imaging RT: Frequency conversion Image capture Image sensors BT: Image processing NT: Image intensifiers RT: Cameras Computer vision Image databases Image sensors BT: Database systems Photography Databases RT: Geographic information Image classification systems BT: Image analysis Image coding RT: Image annotation Image storage Video sequences Image coding NT: Image retrieval UF: Image compression BT: Image processing Image de-noising RT: Image communication USE: Image denoising Image databases Image storage Image deblurring MPEG standards USE: Image restoration Rate distortion theory Transcoding Image decomposition Vector quantization BT: Image processing Video codecs Video coding Image denoising UF: Image de-noising Image color analysis BT: Image processing UF: Image colour analysis RT: Diffusion processes BT: Image processing Gaussian noise RT: Image filtering Image enhancement Image filtering Image colour analysis Image reconstruction USE: Image color analysis Image resolution Image restoration Image communication UF: Image transmission Image edge analysis BT: Communications USE: Image edge detection technology RT: B-ISDN Image edge detection Cable TV UF: Edge detection ISDN Image edge analysis Image coding BT: Image recognition Motion compensation RT: Corner detection TV Feature extraction Teleconferencing Image segmentation Videophone systems Thresholding (Imaging) Visual communication NT: Facsimile Image enhancement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 217 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Image processing RT: Image denoising Image object recognition Image intensifiers USE: Object recognition Image restoration Image pattern recognition Image filtering USE: Pattern recognition BT: Filtering theory Image processing Image processing RT: Image color analysis UF: Picture processing Image denoising BT: Computers and information Image segmentation processing RT: Authentication Image forensics Diffusion processes UF: Forensic photography Gabor filters BT: Forensics Image forensics Photography Multidimensional signal RT: Image processing processing Law enforcement Optical projectors Visualization Time-frequency analysis Video sequences Image fusion Vision sensors BT: Image processing NT: Active shape model Blob detection Image generation Corner detection UF: Image synthesis Feature extraction BT: Image processing Fiducial markers RT: Animation Geophysical image Computer graphics processing NT: Plasma displays Gray-scale Visual effects Image analysis Image annotation Image intensifiers Image capture BT: Image converters Image coding RT: Frequency conversion Image color analysis Image enhancement Image decomposition Image sensors Image denoising Image enhancement Image matching Image filtering UF: Appearance matching Image fusion Fingerprint images Image generation BT: Pattern matching Image recognition RT: Fingerprint recognition Image reconstruction Image recognition Image registration Object detection Image representation Object recognition Image resolution Stereo vision Image restoration Image sampling Image motion analysis Image segmentation BT: Image analysis Image segmentaton RT: Object tracking Image sequences Robotics and automation Image texture NT: Video tracking Machine vision Morphological operations Image object detection Optical feedback USE: Object detection Saliency detection This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 218 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Smart pixels Image sampling Spatial coherence BT: Image processing Structure from motion Table lookup Image segmentation BT: Image processing Image quality RT: Image edge detection BT: Image analysis Image filtering RT: Spatial resolution Mixture models Object tracking Image recognition BT: Image processing Image segmentaton RT: Emotion recognition BT: Image processing Face recognition NT: Thresholding (Imaging) Feature extraction Image analysis Image sensors Image matching UF: Sensors (image) Machine vision BT: Imaging Object recognition RT: Cameras Video signal processing Endoscopes NT: Image edge detection Image capture Image converters Image reconstruction Image intensifiers BT: Image processing Night vision RT: Holography Optical sensors Image denoising Photodetectors Inverse problems Robot vision systems Magnetic resonance NT: Active pixel sensors imaging CCD image sensors Pattern clustering CMOS image sensors Tomography Charge-coupled image sensors Image registration Infrared image sensors BT: Image processing Image sequence analysis Image representation BT: Image analysis BT: Image processing Image sequences Image resolution BT: Image processing BT: Image processing RT: Image denoising Image storage Visual communication BT: Imaging NT: High-resolution imaging RT: Image coding Spatial resolution Image databases Photography Image restoration Video recording UF: Image deblurring BT: Image processing Image synthesis RT: Distortion USE: Image generation Image denoising Image enhancement Image tagging USE: Image annotation Image retrieval BT: Image databases Image texture RT: Image annotation BT: Image processing

Image texture analysis NT: Artificial immune systems BT: Image analysis Immune systems Image transmission USE: Immune system USE: Image communication Immunity testing Image watermarking BT: Electromagnetic USE: Watermarking compatibility Electronic equipment Imagimarkers testing USE: Fiducial markers Electrostatic interference RT: Anechoic chambers Imaging Electromagnetic RT: Color interference Motion pictures Open area test sites Radiometry Remote sensing Impact ionisation Robot vision systems USE: Impact ionization NT: Biomedical imaging Cameras Impact ionization Focusing UF: Impact ionisation Ground penetrating radar BT: Ionization Holography RT: Charge carriers Image converters Conductivity Image sensors Electrons Image storage Insulators Infrared imaging Magnetic resonance Impedance imaging UF: Electric impedance Magneto electrical BT: Electric variables resistivity imaging technique RT: Admittance Microscopy Damping Microwave imaging Impedance matching Multispectral imaging Impedance measurement Nuclear imaging Optical imaging Impedance matching Photography BT: Electric variables Radiation imaging RT: Circuits Radiography Equalizers Stereo vision Impedance Tomography NT: Baluns

Imaging phantoms Impedance measurement BT: Biomedical image UF: Impedance methods processing Impedance performance BT: Electric variables Immersion cooling measurement BT: Cooling RT: Admittance measurement Impedance Immune system Transmission line UF: Immune systems measurements BT: Anatomy RT: Biological control systems Impedance methods Biology USE: Impedance measurement Microorganisms This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 220 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Impedance performance USE: Impedance measurement IMT-2000 USE: 3G mobile communication Impellers BT: Machine components In vitro RT: Blades BT: Medical services Propellers NT: In vitro fertilization Pumps In vitro fertilization Implantable biomedical devices BT: In vitro USE: Implants In vivo Implantable devices BT: Medical services USE: Implants Incentive schemes Implantable electronics UF: Bonuses USE: Implants Merit pay Performance related pay Implants Profit sharing schemes UF: Implantable biomedical BT: Human resource devices management Implantable devices Remuneration Implantable electronics RT: Appraisal BT: Biomedical equipment Employee welfare NT: Auditory implants Productivity Brainstem implants Cochlear implants Incineration Microelectronic implants UF: Afterburners Neural implants Incinerators Refuse incineration Importance sampling Waste incineration USE: Monte Carlo methods BT: Waste disposal RT: Air pollution Imposter signature generation Ash USE: Forgery Radioactive pollution Radioactive waste Improved definition TV Radioactive waste disposal USE: HDTV Incinerators Impulse generation USE: Incineration USE: Pulse generation Independent component analysis Impulse measurements BT: Numerical analysis USE: Pulse measurements RT: Artificial intelligence Blind source separation Impulse testing Computer aided analysis BT: Testing Feature extraction RT: Frequency response Principal component Insulation testing analysis Signal processing Impurities BT: Materials science and Index of production technology USE: Economic indicators RT: Contamination NT: Semiconductor impurities Indexes This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 221 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Database systems NT: Indoor environments RT: Information retrieval Information systems Indoor environments NT: Indexing BT: Indoor communication Machine assisted indexing Spatial indexes Indoor navigation BT: Navigation Indexing RT: Computer vision UF: Online indexing Global Positioning System BT: Indexes Land mobile radio Information analysis Path planning RT: Keyword search Radio navigation Machine assisted indexing Tagging Indoor radio USE: Indoor radio communication Indirect liquid cooling BT: Liquid cooling Indoor radio communication UF: Indoor radio Indium Indoor radio BT: Metals communications RT: Indium compounds BT: Radio communication

Indium compounds Indoor radio communications BT: Compounds USE: Indoor radio communication RT: Alloying Indium Inductance NT: Indium gallium arsenide BT: Electric variables Indium tin oxide RT: Coils Inductance measurement Indium gallium arsenide Inductors UF: InGaAs Transmission line theory BT: Gallium compounds Indium compounds Inductance measurement Semiconductor materials BT: Electric variables measurement Indium gallium nitride RT: Inductance BT: Gallium compounds Induction (electromagnetic) Indium gallium zinc oxide USE: Electromagnetic induction BT: Zinc oxide Induction (electrostatic) Indium phosphide USE: Electrostatic induction UF: InP BT: Semiconductor materials Induction generators RT: Phonons BT: AC generators Induction machines Indium tin oxide NT: Doubly fed induction BT: Indium compounds generators RT: Optical materials Induction heating Indoor communication BT: Heating systems BT: Communication systems RT: Electromagnetic heating RT: Mobile communication Optical fiber communication Induction machines Optical modulation BT: AC machines This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 222 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Rotating machines Occupational safety NT: Induction generators Induction motors Industrial communication UF: Organizational Induction motor drives communication BT: Induction motors BT: Communication networks Industrial engineering Induction motors RT: Business BT: AC motors Organizational aspects Induction machines Motors Industrial control Rotating machines BT: Industrial electronics RT: Sensorless control RT: Assembly systems NT: Induction motor drives Computer numerical control Field buses Inductive charging Industrial engineering UF: Wireless charging Industrial plants BT: Energy exchange Manipulators Power supplies Manufacturing automation RT: Wireless communication Mobile robots Motor drives Inductive energy transfer Programmable control USE: Inductive power Robots transmission NT: Process control Production control Inductive power transmission UF: Inductive energy transfer Industrial democracy BT: Electromagnetic induction USE: Industrial relations Power transmission RT: Inductors Industrial economics Sensorless control UF: Manufacturing economics Transformers Production economics BT: Microeconomics Inductive transducers RT: Economies of scale BT: Transducers Privatization

Inductors Industrial electronics UF: Chokes NT: Assembly systems Reactors Computer aided BT: Electronic components manufacturing RT: Coils Cryogenic electronics Electrical ballasts Industrial control Inductance Integrated manufacturing Inductive power systems transmission Machine control Magnetic cores Manufacturing automation Tunable circuits and Testing devices NT: Active inductors Industrial engineering Thick film inductors BT: Industry applications Thin film inductors RT: Design methodology Industrial control Industrial accidents Industrial plants BT: Accidents Industrial training RT: Hazardous areas Precision engineering This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 223 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Production engineering Industrial training Production management BT: Training Research and development RT: Industrial engineering NT: Industrial communication Multiskilling On the job training Industrial facilities Vocational training USE: Industrial plants Industrial waste Industrial heat recovery BT: Waste materials USE: Heat recovery RT: Effluents Industrial pollution Industrial plants Slurries UF: Industrial facilities Waste heat Plants (industrial) Wastewater BT: Production facilities NT: Ash RT: Industrial control Slag Industrial engineering Industrial power systems Industries Industries BT: Industry applications Manufacturing RT: Business Paper mills Industrial plants Production systems NT: Agriculture Architecture Industrial pollution Banking BT: Pollution Beverage industry RT: Air pollution Chemical industry Industrial waste Coal industry Land pollution Communication industry Radioactive pollution Computer industry Thermal pollution Construction Water pollution Construction industry Defense industry Industrial power systems Electrical engineering UF: Commercial power systems industry BT: Power systems Entertainment industry RT: Buildings Gas industry Cogeneration Information industry Industrial plants Manufacturing industries Power distribution Metals industry Mining industry Industrial psychology Natural gas industry BT: Psychology Petroleum industry RT: Employee welfare Power industry Human resource Steel industry management Sugar industry Productivity Textile technology Psychometric testing Toy industry Transportation industry Industrial relations Wood industry UF: Collective bargaining Industrial democracy Industry applications Trade unions NT: Accident prevention BT: Business Chemical technology RT: Equal opportunities Cryogenics Electrochemical devices This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 224 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Electrochemical processes Electromechanical systems Infinite impulse response filters Electrostatic devices USE: IIR filters Electrostatic precipitators Electrostatic processes Inflammability Engines USE: Flammability Environmental management Influenza Food technology BT: Diseases High-temperature Viruses (medical) techniques Industrial engineering Informatics Industries BT: Information processing Inspection Information systems Machinery NT: Biomedical informatics Manufacturing Cognitive informatics Packaging Neuroinformatics Paper technology Production Information analysis Safety BT: Professional Security communication Wine industry RT: Big Data applications Sentiment analysis Inertial confinement NT: Decision analysis BT: Plasma confinement Indexing

Inertial navigation Information and communication technology BT: Navigation UF: ICT BT: Communications Infant technology USE: Pediatrics Information technology NT: Ambient assisted living Infants USE: Pediatrics Information architecture BT: Information systems Infectious diseases RT: Database systems UF: Communicable disease Transmissible disease Information entropy BT: Diseases BT: Information theory

Inference algorithms Information exchange BT: Algorithms BT: Data processing Information processing Inference mechanisms RT: Common Information Model UF: Model-based reasoning (computing) BT: Knowledge engineering Common Information Model RT: Cognitive science (electricity) Gaussian processes Information management Learning systems Information sharing NT: Fuzzy reasoning Information systems Ports (Computers) Infinite horizon BT: Optimal control Information extraction RT: Markov processes USE: Information retrieval Optimization methods This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 225 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Information filtering Information rates BT: Filtering UF: Throughput Information retrieval (communication systems) NT: Information filters BT: Information retrieval Recommender systems Information representation Information filters BT: Information technology UF: Web filters RT: Visual analytics BT: Information filtering RT: Information retrieval Information resources BT: Professional Information geometry communication BT: Geometry RT: Information retrieval RT: Probability Information systems

Information industry Information retrieval BT: Industries UF: Information extraction BT: Professional Information inequality communication USE: Cramer-Rao bounds RT: Abstracts Big Data Information management Document handling BT: Information systems Google Management Indexes RT: Big Data Information filters Data aggregation Information resources Information exchange Knowledge discovery Information services Persistent identifiers Knowledge management Portals NT: Common Information Model Ranking (statistics) (computing) Symbols Common Information Model Triples (Data structure) (electricity) NT: Blogs Competitive intelligence Content-based retrieval Digital preservation Dimensionality reduction Document handling Hypertext systems Information security Information filtering Information sharing Information rates Knowledge transfer Music information retrieval Online services Information processing Search engines BT: Information systems Search methods RT: Big Data Social network services Business data processing Tagging Data collection Taxonomy Granular computing Terminology Information sharing Video sharing Software as a service Vocabulary Spectral efficiency Web sites WS-BPEL NT: Electronic healthcare Information science Informatics BT: Professional Information exchange communication Sonification Information security This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 226 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Information management Database systems Security Distributed information RT: Data protection systems Internet security Identity management NT: Cyber espionage systems Intrusion detection Informatics Phishing Information architecture SQL injection Information management Snake robots Information processing Social engineering Management information (security) systems Medical information Information services systems BT: Professional communication Information technology RT: Abstracts BT: Professional Google communication IEEE Xplore RT: Automation Information management Biometrics (access control) NT: Ask IEEE Computer applications Dictionaries Information systems Document delivery NT: Bring your own device Encyclopedias Information and Libraries communication technology Teletext Information representation Videotex Printing Wikipedia Semantic technology Service computing Information sharing Telematics BT: Information management Universal Serial Bus RT: Collaboration Information exchange Information theory Information processing UF: Coding theory NT: Data dissemination Informationtheoretic RT: Bandwidth Information systems Code refractoring BT: Professional Communication systems communication Cybernetics RT: Big Data applications Cyclic redundancy check CD-ROMs Econophysics Computers and information Modulation coding processing Statistics Database machines Teleportation Extranets Viterbi algorithm File systems NT: Audio coding Indexes Biological information Information exchange theory Information resources Channel coding Information technology Codes Management information Communication channels base Decoding Multimedia computing Encoding Office automation Error compensation Strategic planning Genetic communication NT: Data systems Hamming distance This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 227 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Hamming weight Infrared imaging Information entropy Mutual information InGaAs Network coding USE: Indium gallium arsenide Rate distortion theory Rate-distortion Inhibitors Source coding BT: Chemical products Speech coding Production materials RT: Retardants Informationtheoretic NT: Corrosion inhibitors USE: Information theory Inhomogeneous media Infrared communication USE: Nonhomogeneous media USE: Optical fiber communication Injected beams Infrared detectors USE: Particle beam injection BT: Radiation detectors RT: Bolometers Injection lasers Infrared surveillance USE: Semiconductor lasers Photodetectors Superconducting Injection locked oscillators photodetectors USE: Injection-locked oscillators

Infrared heating Injection locking BT: Heating systems USE: Injection-locked oscillators NT: Greenhouse effect Injection molding Infrared image sensors UF: Injection moulding BT: Image sensors Power injection molding Power injection moulding Infrared imaging BT: Production BT: Imaging RT: Compression molding RT: Biomedical optical imaging Embossing Infrared surveillance Optical imaging Injection moulding Remote sensing USE: Injection molding NT: Night vision Injection-locked oscillators Infrared lasers UF: Injection locked oscillators USE: Lasers Injection locking BT: Oscillators Infrared propagation USE: Optical propagation Injuries UF: Injury Infrared sensors BT: Medical conditions BT: Sensors NT: Brain injuries Pain Infrared spectra Wounds UF: IR Spectra BT: Spectral analysis Injury RT: Spectroscopy USE: Injuries

Infrared surveillance Ink BT: Surveillance BT: Production materials RT: Infrared detectors RT: Paints This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 228 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Printing NT: Ink jet printing InP USE: Indium phosphide Ink jet printing UF: Ink-jet printers Input devices Ink-jet printing BT: Computer interfaces BT: Ink Hardware Printing RT: Three-dimensional printing Input variables UF: Variable selection Ink-jet printers BT: Modeling USE: Ink jet printing Input-output programs Ink-jet printing UF: I/O programs USE: Ink jet printing BT: Operating systems RT: Program processors Innovation NT: Device drivers USE: Technological innovation Insect control Innovation management USE: Pest control BT: Engineering management Research and development Insects management BT: Animals RT: Entrepreneurship Technology management Insertion loss NT: Creativity BT: Propagation RT: Attenuation Inorganic chemicals BT: Chemistry Inspection BT: Industry applications Inorganic compounds RT: Coordinate measuring BT: Compounds machines RT: Metals Maintenance engineering Organic inorganic hybrid Testing materials NT: Automatic optical inspection

Inorganic LEDs Instant messaging USE: Inorganic light emitting UF: IM diodes BT: Electronic messaging Internet Inorganic light emitting diodes UF: Inorganic LEDs Instanton vacuum BT: Light emitting diodes USE: Elementary particle vacuum

Inorganic materials Instruction repertory BT: Materials USE: Instruction sets RT: Soft electronics Instruction sets Inorganic organic hybrid materials UF: Instruction repertory USE: Organic inorganic hybrid BT: Program processors materials NT: Out of order Prefetching Inorganic-organic hybrid materials Reduced instruction set USE: Organic inorganic hybrid computing materials This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 229 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Instructional aids NT: Cable insulation USE: Educational technology Ceramics Gas insulation Instrument transformers Insulators BT: Transformers Isolation technology RT: Protective relaying Oil insulation NT: Voltage transformers Plastic insulation

Instrumentation and measurement Insulation life NT: Computerized BT: Insulation testing instrumentation RT: Aging Electric variables Insulation High energy physics Life estimation instrumentation computing Partial discharge Instruments measurement Measurement Trees - insulation Monitoring Testing Insulation testing BT: Insulator testing Instrumentation buses RT: Fault location USE: Field buses Impulse testing Insulation Instruments Partial discharge BT: Instrumentation and measurement measurement Pulsed electroacoustic RT: Design tools methods Measurement NT: Insulation life NT: Compass Medical instruments Insulator testing Meters BT: Testing Microscopy RT: Insulators Oscilloscopes Surface discharges Pressure gauges NT: Insulation testing Probes Telescopes Insulators Theodolites UF: Bushings Tuners BT: Insulation RT: Breakdown voltage Insulated gate bipolar transistors Ceramic products BT: Bipolar transistors Impact ionization Insulator testing Insulation Polymer foams BT: Dielectrics and electrical Temperature distribution insulation NT: Metal-insulator structures RT: Dielectric breakdown Plastic insulators Dielectric losses Rubber Dielectric materials Topological insulators Glass Trees - insulation Insulation life Insulation testing Insulin Oils BT: Drugs Polymer foams Power transformer Insulin pumps insulation BT: Pumps Spark gaps RT: Biomedical equipment This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 230 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Integrated circuit Insurance metallization BT: Financial management Integrated circuit metallization Intake systems UF: Integrated circuit BT: Machine components metallisation BT: Metallization Integer linear programming BT: Programming Integrated circuit modeling NT: Constraint theory UF: Integrated circuit modelling Mixed integer linear BT: Integrated circuits programming Modeling NT: Cutoff frequency Integer programming USE: Linear programming Integrated circuit modelling USE: Integrated circuit modeling Integral equations UF: Antiderivatives Integrated circuit noise BT: Calculus BT: Integrated circuits RT: Boundary element methods RT: Semiconductor device Deconvolution noise Integrodifferential equations Threshold voltage Inverse problems NT: Optical noise Method of moments Numerical analysis Integrated circuit packaging NT: Probability density function UF: IC packaging BT: Components, packaging, Integrated circuit design and manufacturing technology USE: Integrated circuit synthesis RT: Chip scale packaging Encapsulation Integrated circuit interconnections Integrated circuits BT: Integrated circuits Plastic packaging Semiconductor device Integrated circuit layout packaging BT: Integrated circuit synthesis NT: Multichip modules RT: Layout Plastic integrated circuit Physical design packaging Printed circuits Integrated circuit reliability Integrated circuit manufacture BT: Reliability BT: Components, packaging, RT: Integrated circuit testing and manufacturing technology Thermal stability RT: Gettering Integrated circuits Integrated circuit synthesis Microassembly UF: Integrated circuit design Micromachining BT: Circuit synthesis Silicon compiler Integrated circuits NT: Surface-mount technology NT: Integrated circuit layout

Integrated circuit measurements Integrated circuit technology BT: Circuit testing BT: Circuits and systems RT: Electric variables RT: High-speed integrated measurement circuits NT: CMOS technology Integrated circuit metallisation Moore's Law This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 231 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Monolithic integrated Integrated circuit testing circuits BT: Testing Photonic integrated circuits RT: Integrated circuit reliability Power integrated circuits NT: Integrated circuit yield Radiofrequency integrated Logic testing circuits Submillimeter wave Integrated circuit yield integrated circuits BT: Integrated circuit testing Superconducting integrated circuits Integrated circuits Thick film circuits UF: IC Thin film circuits ICs Three-dimensional Microchips integrated circuits BT: Circuits Through-silicon vias RT: Active inductors UHF integrated circuits Integrated circuit Ultra large scale integration manufacture Very high speed integrated Integrated circuit packaging circuits Integrated optoelectronics Very large scale integration Memory modules Wafer scale integration Microelectronics Neural network hardware Integrated circuits industry Planarization USE: Electronics industry SPICE Semiconductor devices Integrated control Semiconductor memory USE: Centralized control Silicon-on-insulator NT: Analog integrated circuits Integrated design Analog-digital integrated BT: Design methodology circuits Systems engineering and Application specific theory integrated circuits CMOS integrated circuits Integrated manufacturing systems Coprocessors BT: Industrial electronics Current-mode circuits Manufacturing systems Digital integrated circuits RT: CADCAM FET integrated circuits Computer aided Field programmable gate manufacturing arrays System integration Hybrid integrated circuits Integrated circuit Integrated optics interconnections BT: Optics Integrated circuit modeling RT: Arrayed waveguide gratings Integrated circuit noise Distributed Bragg reflectors Integrated circuit synthesis Electrooptic modulators Large scale integration Integrated optoelectronics MESFET integrated circuits Microoptics Microprocessors Optical films Microwave integrated Optical waveguides circuits Synapses Millimeter wave integrated Thermooptical devices circuits Mixed analog digital Integrated optoelectronics integrated circuits BT: Optoelectronic devices This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 232 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Heterojunction bipolar USE: Deductive databases transistors Integrated circuits Intelligent manufacturing systems Integrated optics BT: Manufacturing systems Liquid crystal on silicon Production systems Microoptics RT: Smart manufacturing Microwave photonics Smart pixels Intelligent networks BT: Telecommunication Integrated services digital networks network topology USE: ISDN RT: Software defined networking Integrated services networks USE: Intserv networks Intelligent robots BT: Intelligent systems Integrodifferential equations Robots BT: Equations RT: Autonomous robots RT: Differential equations Robot vision systems Integral equations Intelligent sensors Integumentary system UF: Smart sensors BT: Anatomy BT: Sensors NT: Hair RT: Electronic noses Nails Mechatronics Skin Intelligent structures Intellectual capital UF: Smart structures USE: Knowledge management BT: Buildings RT: Intelligent systems Intellectual property Structural engineering UF: IP rights NT: Smart cities IPR BT: Copyright protection Intelligent systems RT: Cyberethics BT: Artificial intelligence Notice of Violation RT: Ambient intelligence Patents Automata Software protection Collaborative intelligence NT: Digital rights management Context awareness Expert systems Intelligent actuators Hybrid intelligent systems UF: Smart actuators Intelligent structures BT: Actuators Knowledge based systems Mobile agents Intelligent agents Software agents BT: Software agents NT: Autonomous systems Collective intelligence Intelligent control Intelligent robots BT: Cybernetics RT: Context awareness Intelligent transportation systems H infinity control RT: Smart transportation Mechatronics NT: Automated highways NT: Feedforward systems Autonomous automobiles Neurocontrollers Geographic information systems Intelligent databases Intelligent vehicles This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 233 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Navigation Transportation Interface management BT: Management Intelligent vehicles Systems engineering and BT: Intelligent transportation theory systems RT: Computer interfaces Vehicles Network interfaces RT: Advanced driver assistance systems Interface phenomena IEEE 802.11p Standard BT: Computer interfaces Smart transportation RT: Adsorption Vehicle routing NT: Network interfaces Vehicular automation Wireless Access in Interface states Vehicular Environments BT: Computer interfaces NT: Autonomous vehicles MOSFET Unmanned vehicles RT: Silicon-on-insulator

Intensity modulation Interference BT: Optical modulation UF: Interference (signal) RT: Amplitude modulation BT: Electromagnetic Electrooptic modulators compatibility and interference RT: Coherence Interactive systems Distortion BT: Man-machine systems Diversity schemes RT: Authentication Noise NT: External stimuli NT: Clutter Crosstalk Intercalibration Diffraction USE: Calibration Echo interference Electromagnetic Interchannel interference interference UF: Adjacent channel Electromagnetic radiative interference interference Co-channel interference Electrostatic interference Cochannel interference Interchannel interference Intersystem interference Interference cancellation BT: Interference Interference channels RT: Crosstalk Interference constraints Interference elimination Interconnected systems Interference suppression UF: Composite systems Intersymbol interference BT: System analysis and design Rain fading RT: Control systems TV interference NT: Botnet Terrain factors

Interconnection networks Interference (signal) USE: Multiprocessor USE: Interference interconnection Interference cancellation Interest point detection BT: Interference BT: Computer vision Interference channels Interest rates BT: Interference USE: Economic indicators This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 234 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Interference constraints UF: TAI BT: Interference BT: Standards categories RT: Atomic clocks Interference elimination BT: Interference International collaboration UF: Joint ventures Interference suppression BT: Management BT: Interference RT: Environmental factors Environmental Interferometers management UF: Etalons Globalization BT: Interferometry International relations NT: Mach-Zehnder International trade interferometers Research and development Social factors Interferometric lithography Standards BT: Lithography Trade agreements

Interferometry International electrotechnical commission BT: Measurement USE: IEC RT: Micrometers Talbot effect International organization for standardization NT: Fabry-Perot USE: ISO Interferometers Optical interferometry International relations Phase shifting BT: Social implications of interferometry technology Radar interferometry RT: Globalization Radio interferometry International collaboration Sagnac interferometers Social factors

Interleaved codes International Space Station UF: Bit interleaved coded BT: Space stations Bit-interleaved coded BT: Modulation coding International standards organization USE: ISO Intermetallic BT: Alloying International Telecommunications Union USE: ITU Intermodulation distortion BT: Nonlinear distortion International trade UF: Trade (international) Internal combustion engines BT: Economics UF: HCCI engines RT: Business BT: Engines Exchange rates RT: Automotive components Globalization Exhaust gases International collaboration Hybrid electric vehicles Macroeconomics NT: Diesel engines Trade agreements Ignition Internet Internal stresses BT: Communication systems BT: Stress Computer networks Digital systems International Atomic Time Distributed computing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 235 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: ARPANET BT: Internet Blogs RT: Ambient intelligence Cyberspace Bar codes Diffserv networks Cloud computing Electronic commerce Cyber-physical systems Electronic learning Machine-to-machine Extranets communications Google Middleware IEEE 802.16 Standard Object detection IP networks Protocols IPTV Radiofrequency Internetworking identification Intserv networks Tagging Multicast protocols Virtual environments Multiprotocol label Watermarking switching Wireless sensor networks Next generation networking NT: Smart cities Online services Routing protocols Internet Protocol networks Smart TV USE: IP networks Social network services Streaming media Internet protocol television TCPIP USE: IPTV Video sharing Virtual enterprises Internet security Virtual private networks BT: Computer security Web sites Internet Wikipedia RT: Information security NT: Bot (Internet) Botnet Internet services Crowdsourcing USE: Web and internet services Instant messaging Internet of Things Internet telephony Internet security UF: IP telephony Internet telephony VOIP Internet topology Voice over IP Linked data Voice over Internet protocol Middleboxes Voice-over-Internet protocol Semantic Web BT: Internet Social computing Web 2.0 Internet topology Web services BT: Internet

Internet banking Internetworking USE: Online banking BT: Telecommunication computing Internet neutrality RT: Computer networks USE: Network neutrality Internet Local area networks Internet of Everything Metropolitan area networks USE: Internet of Things Open systems Wide area networks Internet of Things NT: Interoperability UF: IOT LAN interconnection Internet of Everything This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 236 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Interoperability BT: Digestive system UF: Service composability BT: Internetworking Intracranial pressure sensors RT: Collaboration BT: Biomedical equipment Common Information Model Sensors (electricity) RT: Brain Open systems Neural engineering

Interplanetary exploration Intracranial system BT: Space exploration BT: Cranial pressure RT: Space missions Intrusion detection Interpolating BT: Information security USE: Interpolation RT: Network function virtualization Interpolation UF: Interpolating Intserv networks BT: Approximation methods UF: Integrated services RT: Curve fitting networks Digital-analog conversion BT: Computer networks Radial basis function RT: Internet networks Multimedia communication Statistics Surface fitting Invasive software BT: Software Interpreters (program) RT: Computer crime USE: Program processors Computer security Unsolicited electronic mail Interrupters NT: Computer viruses UF: Interruption Computer worms BT: Switchgear RT: Circuit breakers Invention Fuses USE: Technological innovation

Interruption Inventory control USE: Interrupters BT: Operations research RT: Control systems Interstellar chemistry Production control BT: Chemistry Production management RT: Extraterrestrial measurements Inventory management BT: Production management Intersymbol interference RT: Bar codes BT: Interference Production engineering RT: AWGN channels NT: Bills of materials Equalizers Gaussian channels Inverse distortion USE: Predistortion Intersystem interference USE: Interchannel interference Inverse method USE: Inverse problems Interviews BT: IEEE indexing Inverse methods USE: Inverse problems Intestines This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 237 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Inverse modeling Ion beams USE: Inverse problems Ion sources Ions Inverse problem Proton accelerators USE: Inverse problems Ion beam applications Inverse problems BT: Nuclear and plasma UF: Inverse method sciences Inverse methods RT: Ion beams Inverse modeling NT: Ion implantation Inverse problem Inverse scattering Ion beam effects BT: Modeling BT: Ion beams RT: Functional analysis RT: Aerospace safety Image reconstruction Ion accelerators Integral equations Ion emission Numerical analysis Signal reconstruction Ion beams NT: Deconvolution BT: Particle beams RT: Electrodynamics Inverse scattering Ion accelerators USE: Inverse problems Ion beam applications Ion emission Inverse synthetic aperture radar Ion sources BT: Synthetic aperture radar Ions NT: Ion beam effects Inverse transforms USE: Laplace equations Ion emission UF: Field ion emission Inverted classroom Secondary ion emission USE: Education AND BT: Nuclear and plasma Online services sciences RT: Ion beam effects Inverters Ion beams BT: Power electronics Ion sources RT: Maximum power point Ions trackers Thermionic emission Zero current switching Zero voltage switching Ion implantation NT: Pulse inverters BT: Ion beam applications Resonant inverters Materials preparation RT: Plasma sources Investment Semiconductor device BT: Financial management manufacture NT: Plasma immersion ion Iodine implantation BT: Chemical elements NT: Iodine compounds Ion optics USE: Particle beam optics Iodine compounds BT: Iodine Ion radiation effects BT: Radiation effects Ion accelerators RT: Ionizing radiation BT: Particle accelerators Proton radiation effects RT: Ion beam effects This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 238 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Ion sources BT: Ions Ionosphere Nuclear physics BT: Terrestrial atmosphere RT: Ion accelerators RT: Meteorology Ion beams Plasmas Ion emission Plasma sources Ions BT: Elementary particles Ionisation RT: Alpha particles USE: Ionization Elementary particle exchange interactions Ionisation chambers Ion accelerators USE: Ionization chambers Ion beams Ion emission Ionising radiation Protons USE: Ionizing radiation Storage rings NT: Ion sources Ionization Ionization UF: Ionisation Photoionisation IOT Photoionization USE: Internet of Things BT: Ions RT: Discharges (electric) IP Plasmas USE: IP networks Space radiation NT: Impact ionization IP networks Ionization chambers UF: IP Ionizing radiation IP-networks Single event transients Internet Protocol networks Single event upsets BT: Communication systems Computer networks Ionization chambers Telecommunications UF: Ionisation chambers RT: IPTV BT: Ionization Internet RT: Ionizing radiation Machine-to-machine Smoke detectors communications Next generation networking Ionizing radiation Quality of service UF: Ionising radiation Transport protocols BT: Ionization NT: TCPIP RT: Ion radiation effects Ionization chambers IP rights Radiation hardening USE: Intellectual property (electronics) Silicon radiation detectors IP telephony USE: Internet telephony Ionizing radiation sensors BT: Sensors IP-networks NT: Position sensitive particle USE: IP networks detectors Radiation detectors iPOD X-ray detectors USE: Portable media players

Ionomeric polymer-metal composite actuators IPR USE: Actuators USE: Intellectual property This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 239 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Pain IPTV UF: Internet protocol television ISDN BT: Digital TV UF: Integrated services digital RT: Broadband communication networks Computer networks BT: Communication systems IP networks Digital communication Internet Digital systems Local area networks RT: Asynchronous transfer Protocols mode Streaming media Data communication Frame relay IR Spectra Image communication USE: Infrared spectra Multimedia communication NT: B-ISDN IRE Standards BT: IEEE Standards Ishikawa diagrams USE: Cause effect analysis Iridium BT: Chemical elements Islanding BT: Power supplies Iris RT: Electrical safety BT: Eyes Generators

Iris recognition ISO BT: Biometrics (access control) UF: International organization for standardization Irises International standards USE: Waveguide discontinuities organization BT: Standards organizations Iron RT: Communication standards UF: Fe Guidelines BT: Metals ISO Standards NT: Cast iron Measurement standards Iron alloys Software standards Standardization Iron alloys Standards BT: Iron NT: Moving Pictures Experts RT: Alloying Group Metallurgy NT: Austenite ISO 9000 USE: Quality management Irradiation USE: Radiation effects ISO Standards UF: X3D Irrigation BT: Standards publications BT: Agriculture RT: ANSI Standards RT: Agricultural products Communication standards Crops ISO Hydraulic systems Quality management Software standards Irtran 5 Standardization USE: Magnesium oxide NT: MPEG standards

Ischemic pain Isobaric This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 240 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Thermodynamics ITU Isolation technology UF: International BT: Insulation Telecommunications Union RT: Vibration control BT: Standards organizations

Isolators ITU Standards BT: Circuits BT: Standards publications RT: UHDTV Isosurfaces BT: Data visualization Jacks RT: Biomedical imaging USE: Lifting equipment Computational fluid dynamics Jacobian matrices UF: Jacobian matrix Isothermal processes BT: Matrices BT: Thermodynamics Jacobian matrix Isotopes USE: Jacobian matrices BT: Chemical elements Nuclear physics Jamming RT: Radioactive materials BT: Electronic warfare RT: Electronic countermeasures Itemsets Radar clutter BT: Data analysis Radar countermeasures Transaction databases Radio communication countermeasures Iterative algorithms BT: Iterative methods Java NT: Belief propagation BT: High level languages Iterative closest point algorithm Jet engines Sum product algorithm BT: Engines RT: Aircraft propulsion Iterative closest point algorithm Exhaust gases UF: ICP Fans BT: Iterative algorithms JFET circuits Iterative decoding BT: FET circuits BT: Parity check codes NT: JFET integrated circuits

Iterative learning control JFET integrated circuits BT: Control theory BT: JFET circuits Iterative methods RT: JFETs RT: Adaptive control Learning systems JFETs Tracking UF: Junction FETs BT: Field effect transistors Iterative methods RT: JFET integrated circuits BT: Mathematics Numerical analysis Jigs NT: Expectation-maximization USE: Fixtures algorithms Iterative algorithms Jitter Iterative learning control BT: Distortion This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 241 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Circuit stability Joint ventures NT: Timing jitter USE: International collaboration

Job design Joints BT: Ergonomics BT: Skeleton

Job production systems Josephson devices UF: Bespoke production USE: Superconducting devices BT: Manufacturing systems Josephson effect Job rotation BT: Tunneling USE: Multiskilling RT: Josephson junctions

Job shop scheduling Josephson junctions BT: Scheduling UF: Josephson logic RT: Genetic algorithms Superconducting junction devices Job specification BT: Superconducting devices BT: Human resource RT: Josephson effect management RT: Multiskilling Josephson logic Recruitment USE: Josephson junctions

Jobs listings JPEG BT: Career development USE: Transform coding RT: Employment JPEG2000 Johnson Nyquist noise USE: Transform coding USE: Thermal noise Judd-Ofelt theory Joining materials BT: Spectral analysis BT: Production materials RT: Fluorescence RT: Joining processes Photoluminescence Soldering equipment NT: Filler metals Junction detectors Sealing materials USE: Semiconductor counters

Joining processes Junction FETs UF: Connecting USE: JFETs Coupling (process) Fastening Junction lasers Linking USE: Semiconductor lasers BT: Manufacturing systems Materials processing Junctionless nanowire transistors RT: Couplings BT: MOSFET Fasteners Nanoelectronics Joining materials RT: Nanowires Plasma welding Silicon-on-insulator Soldering equipment NT: Bonding processes Junctions Crimping BT: Semiconductor devices Soldering NT: Heterojunctions Splicing Hybrid junctions Welding P-n junctions Waveguide junctions This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 242 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Kerr effect Junk e-mail BT: Electrooptic effects USE: Unsolicited electronic mail RT: Magnetooptic effects

Junk email Keyboards USE: Unsolicited electronic mail BT: Computer peripherals RT: Ergonomics Jupiter BT: Planets Keyways BT: Plugs k neighbor methods USE: Nearest neighbor methods Keyword search UF: Keyword searches k neighbour methods Keyword searching USE: Nearest neighbor methods BT: Search methods RT: Indexing K-band BT: Microwave bands Keyword searches USE: Keyword search K-NN methods USE: Nearest neighbor methods Keyword searching USE: Keyword search Kaizen USE: Continuous improvement Kidney BT: Urogenital system Kalman filtering NT: Kidney stones USE: Kalman filters Kidney stones Kalman filters UF: Renal calculi UF: Kalman filtering Urinary calculesis BT: Filters BT: Kidney RT: Estimation Medical conditions Nonlinear dynamical RT: Lithotripsy systems Prediction methods Kilns Sensor fusion BT: Furnaces RT: Calcination Kaons Curing USE: Mesons Firing Heat treatment Karhunen-Loeve transforms BT: Transforms Kindle USE: Consumer electronics AND KBO Electronic publishing USE: Kuiper belt Kinematic analysis Kelvin USE: Kinematics BT: Temperature measurement Kinematic faults Kernel USE: Kinematics BT: Mathematics Operating systems Kinematic model NT: Null space USE: Kinematics System kernels Kinematic noise This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 243 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Kinematics Klystrons Kinematics UF: Gyroklystrons UF: Kinematic analysis BT: Electron tubes Kinematic faults RT: Amplifiers Kinematic model Cavity resonators Kinematic noise Colliding beam accelerators BT: Mechanical factors Oscillators NT: Motor coordination Relativistic effects

Kinetic energy Knee BT: Kinetic theory BT: Extremities RT: Mechanical energy Potential energy Knee joint replacements Thermal energy USE: Prosthetics

Kinetic molecular theory Knitted fabric composites USE: Kinetic theory USE: Fabrics

Kinetic theory Knowledge acquisition UF: Collision theory BT: Knowledge engineering Kinetic molecular theory RT: Context awareness Kinetic-molecular theory Econophysics Kinetics Expert systems BT: Motion control Knowledge based systems Physics Self-organizing feature NT: Kinetic energy maps

Kinetic-molecular theory Knowledge based systems USE: Kinetic theory UF: Knowledge systems Knowledge-based systems Kinetics Rule based systems USE: Kinetic theory BT: Artificial intelligence RT: Decision support systems Kirchhoff approximation Deductive databases USE: Kirchhoff's Law Intelligent systems Knowledge acquisition Kirchhoff current law Knowledge representation USE: Kirchhoff's Law Linked data Software agents Kirchhoff scattering NT: Expert systems USE: Kirchhoff's Law Mobile agents

Kirchhoff's Law Knowledge discovery UF: Kirchhoff approximation BT: Knowledge engineering Kirchhoff current law RT: Data mining Kirchhoff scattering Data science BT: Spectroscopy Information retrieval Knowledge management Kirk effect USE: Kirk field collapse effect Knowledge engineering BT: Artificial intelligence Kirk field collapse effect RT: Knowledge management UF: Kirk effect NT: Inference mechanisms BT: Bipolar transistors Knowledge acquisition This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 244 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Knowledge discovery Knowledge representation L-band BT: Microwave bands Knowledge management UF: Intellectual capital Lab-on-a-chip BT: Computer applications BT: System-on-chip Management RT: Competitive intelligence Label swapping Information management USE: Multiprotocol label Knowledge discovery switching Knowledge engineering Management information Labeling systems UF: Labelling Semantic Web BT: Packaging NT: Knowledge transfer RT: Applicators Packaging machines Knowledge representation BT: Knowledge engineering Labelling RT: Expert systems USE: Labeling Formal concept analysis Knowledge based systems Labor productivity Linked data USE: Productivity OWL NT: Description logic Labor resources Ontologies UF: Labor supply Thesauri Labour resources Labour supply Knowledge systems Manpower planning USE: Knowledge based systems BT: Human resource management Knowledge transfer Personnel BT: Information management RT: Equal opportunities Knowledge management Recruitment

Knowledge-based systems Labor supply USE: Knowledge based systems USE: Labor resources

Kohonen maps Laboratories USE: Self-organizing feature BT: Test facilities maps RT: Engineering education Research and development Krypton Student experiments BT: Chemical elements NT: Remote laboratories

Kuiper belt Labour productivity UF: KBO USE: Productivity Kuiper belt objects Kuiper belts Labour resources BT: Solar system USE: Labor resources

Kuiper belt objects Labour supply USE: Kuiper belt USE: Labor resources

Kuiper belts Lacquers USE: Kuiper belt BT: Chemical products This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 245 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Coatings BT: Optical fiber networks Materials RT: Paints LAN interconnection BT: Internetworking Lagrange duality RT: Computer networks USE: Lagrangian functions Local area networks Metropolitan area networks Lagrange functions Wide area networks USE: Lagrangian functions Wireless LAN

Lagrange relaxation Land mine detection USE: Lagrangian functions USE: Landmine detection

Lagrangian functions Land mines UF: Lagrange duality USE: Landmine detection Lagrange functions Lagrange relaxation Land mobile radio BT: Quantum mechanics UF: Land-mobile radio Mobile radio Lakes BT: Mobile communication BT: Geoscience Radio communication RT: Reservoirs RT: 5G mobile communication Rivers Ad hoc networks Sediments Bluetooth Water Channel estimation Water pollution Indoor navigation Water resources Land mobile radio Water storage equipment Wetlands Location awareness Mobile antennas Laminates Mobile handsets BT: Materials Multiuser detection RT: Lamination Personal area networks Radio access networks Lamination Routing protocols BT: Materials processing Software radio RT: Laminates NT: Land mobile radio cellular systems Lamps BT: Lighting Land mobile radio cellular systems RT: Light sources UF: Cellular land mobile radio Lighting control Cellular radio Ultraviolet sources Land-mobile radio cellular NT: Discharge lamps systems Electrodeless lamps BT: Land mobile radio Filament lamps RT: 3G mobile communication Fluorescent lamps 4G mobile communication LED lamps 5G mobile communication Bluetooth LAN Channel estimation USE: Local area networks Code division multiplexing Cross layer design LAN emulation Digital multimedia UF: Local area network broadcasting emulation Downlink This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 246 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Film bulk acoustic RT: Global Positioning System resonators Land vehicles Location awareness NT: Rail transportation Multiuser detection Road transportation Network resource management Land use planning Personal communication BT: Environmental networks management Software radio RT: Floods Time division synchronous Land pollution code division multiple access Reservoirs NT: Cellular networks Water storage Paging strategies Land vehicles Land mobile radio equipment UF: Flexible fuel vehicles UF: Land-mobile radio Ground vehicles equipment BT: Vehicles BT: Radio communication RT: Land transportation equipment Rail transportation Vehicular and wireless NT: Bicycles technologies Electric vehicles RT: Land mobile radio Road vehicles Telephone equipment Transceivers Land-mobile radio NT: Mobile antennas USE: Land mobile radio

Land pollution Land-mobile radio cellular systems BT: Pollution USE: Land mobile radio cellular RT: Industrial pollution systems Land use planning Oil pollution Land-mobile radio equipment Radioactive pollution USE: Land mobile radio NT: Soil pollution equipment

Land surface Landmine detection BT: Geoscience UF: Land mine detection RT: Land surface temperature Land mines Landmines Land surface temperature BT: Buried object detection UF: Ground temperature RT: Military equipment Land temperature Radar imaging BT: Geoscience and remote Remote sensing sensing RT: Global warming Landmines Land surface USE: Landmine detection Ocean temperature Remote sensing Lanthanum BT: Metals Land temperature NT: Lanthanum compounds USE: Land surface temperature Lanthanum compounds Land transportation BT: Lanthanum UF: Ground transportation Planetary landers Laparoscopes BT: Transportation BT: Surgical instruments This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 247 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Minimally invasive surgery Large-screen displays USE: Large screen displays Laparoscopic surgery USE: Minimally invasive surgery Larynx UF: Voice tract Laplace equations BT: Respiratory system UF: Inverse transforms Laplace operator Laser ablation Laplace transform BT: Laser applications Laplacian BT: Mathematics Laser applications BT: Lasers Laplace operator RT: CD recording USE: Laplace equations Endoscopes Gyroscopes Laplace transform Heating systems USE: Laplace equations Holography Measurement by laser Laplacian beam USE: Laplace equations Optical recording Photoacoustic effects Lapping Stereolithography BT: Machining NT: Dark states RT: Surface finishing Distributed feedback devices Laptops Laser ablation USE: Microcomputers AND Laser beam cutting Portable computers Laser fusion Laser theory Large Hadron Collider Magnetooptic recording UF: LHC BT: Test facilities Laser beam cutting RT: Particle accelerators BT: Laser applications

Large scale integration Laser beams UF: LSI UF: Laser guide stars Large-scale integration BT: Beams BT: Circuits RT: Bragg gratings Integrated circuits Electrooptic modulators NT: Ultra large scale integration Laser theory Very large scale integration Lasers Wafer scale integration Optical beams Optical vortices Large screen displays Refractive index UF: Large-screen displays Supercontinuum generation BT: TV equipment Thermal lensing

Large-scale integration Laser cavity resonators USE: Large scale integration BT: Cavity resonators RT: Optical resonators Large-scale systems Surface emitting lasers BT: System analysis and design RT: Complex systems Laser diodes Fuzzy systems USE: Diode lasers AND Semiconductor lasers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 248 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Laser surgery Laser excitation BT: Surgery UF: Electron beam pumping Excitation of lasers Laser theory Pumping of lasers UF: Laser physics BT: Lasers Laser science NT: Optical pumping BT: Laser applications RT: Laser beams Laser feedback Lasers BT: Laser noise Optical beams Optical design Laser fusion Optics BT: Laser applications Particle beams Quantum mechanics Laser guide stars USE: Laser beams Laser transitions BT: Lasers Laser mode locking BT: Laser modes Laser tuning BT: Semiconductor lasers Laser modes Tuning BT: Lasers RT: Optical tuning NT: Laser mode locking Laser velocimetry Laser noise BT: Measurement by laser BT: Noise beam Optical signal processing RT: Lasers and electrooptics Lasers NT: Laser feedback UF: Infrared lasers BT: Lasers and electrooptics Laser physics RT: Laser beams USE: Laser theory Laser theory Light sources Laser radar Optical distortion UF: Lidar Oscillators Optical radar Stereolithography BT: Radar Stimulated emission RT: Geophysical measurement Superluminescent diodes techniques Threshold current Optical scattering Ultraviolet sources Waveguide lasers Laser science NT: Atom lasers USE: Laser theory Chemical lasers Diode lasers Laser sintering Free electron lasers UF: Selective laser sintering Gas lasers BT: Materials preparation Laser applications RT: Design automation Laser excitation Prototypes Laser modes Stereolithography Laser stability Laser transitions Laser stability Power lasers BT: Lasers Pump lasers RT: Stability analysis Quantum well lasers Ring lasers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 249 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Semiconductor lasers RT: Censorship Solid lasers Image forensics Surface emitting lasers Legal factors X-ray lasers Layered manufacturing Lasers and electrooptics BT: Manufacturing systems RT: Erbium RT: Computational geometry Laser noise Stereolithography NT: Electrooptic devices Electrooptic effects Layered media Lasers USE: Nonhomogeneous media Optics Optoelectronic devices Layout Photonics BT: Graphics RT: Art Latches Geometry BT: Bistable circuits Integrated circuit layout Wiring Lattice Boltzmann USE: Lattice Boltzmann methods LCD USE: Liquid crystal displays Lattice Boltzmann methods UF: Lattice Boltzmann LCDs BT: Boltzmann distribution USE: Liquid crystal displays Lattices RT: Fluid dynamics Lcos USE: Liquid crystal on silicon Lattices UF: Optical lattices LDPA BT: Mathematics USE: Log-periodic dipole NT: Lattice Boltzmann methods antennas

Launching (electromagnetic) LDPC USE: Electromagnetic launching USE: Parity check codes

Launching (electrothermal) Ldpc codes USE: Electrothermal launching USE: Parity check codes

Law Leaching UF: Legal aspects BT: Chemical processes BT: Legal factors NT: Censorship Lead Commercial law UF: Pb Consumer protection BT: Metals Contract law RT: Graphite Criminal law Lead compounds Employment law NT: Lead isotopes Forensics Law enforcement Lead acid batteries Patent law BT: Batteries Trademarks Lead compounds Law enforcement BT: Compounds UF: Police RT: Lead BT: Law This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 250 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Lead isotopes Management BT: Lead Training

Lead time reduction Learning mechanisms BT: Production management USE: Learning systems RT: Production planning Project management Learning methods USE: Learning systems Leak detection BT: Sensor systems and Learning systems applications UF: Learning mechanisms RT: Packaging Learning methods Testing Learning-based method Vacuum systems BT: Artificial intelligence RT: Adaptive systems Leakage currents Context awareness UF: Gate leakage current Cybernetics BT: Current Inference mechanisms RT: Electron traps Iterative learning control Fault currents Mobile agents NT: Gate leakage Pattern recognition Software agents Leaky wave antennas White matter UF: Leaky-wave antennas NT: Backpropagation BT: Antennas Cognitive systems Learning automata Leaky-wave antennas Learning management USE: Leaky wave antennas systems Semisupervised learning Lean production Supervised learning BT: Manufacturing systems Unsupervised learning Production systems RT: Production management Learning-based method USE: Learning systems Learning (artificial intelligence) UF: Reinforcement learning Least mean squares methods BT: Artificial intelligence BT: Least squares RT: Gaussian processes approximation Image annotation Mean square error methods NT: Distance learning Electronic learning Least squares approximation Nearest neighbor methods BT: Numerical analysis RT: Approximation methods Learning automata Curve fitting UF: Learning automaton Mean square error methods BT: Learning systems Optimization Recursive estimation Learning automaton NT: Least mean squares USE: Learning automata methods

Learning management systems LED BT: Computer aided instruction USE: Light emitting diodes Learning systems RT: Computer applications LED lamps Electronic learning This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 251 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: AC llght emitting diode lamps Lens AC-LED lamps USE: Lenses Light emitting diode lamps BT: Lamps Lenses Light emitting diodes UF: Lens RT: Light sources BT: Optical devices RT: Focusing LEDs Optical materials USE: Light emitting diodes LEO Left handed materials USE: Low earth orbit satellites USE: Metamaterials Lesions Left-handed materials BT: Tumors USE: Metamaterials NT: Tissue damage

Leg Levee BT: Extremities UF: Dike Levee system Legal aspects BT: Geoscience USE: Law Levee system Legal factors USE: Levee BT: Engineering management RT: Censorship Level control Ethical aspects UF: Liquid level control Governmental factors BT: Mechanical variables IEEE Corporate activities control Law enforcement NT: Gyroscopes NT: Copyright protection Law Level measurement Patents UF: Liquid level measurement Product liability BT: Geodesy Software protection Trademarks Level set BT: Calculus Legged locomotion RT: Gradient methods UF: Biped locomotion Gait assessment Levels, energy Gait control USE: Energy states Gait disorders Walking Levitation BT: Mobile robots BT: Physics RT: Biological control systems NT: Electrostatic levitation Control systems Magnetic levitation Motion control LF noise Legislation USE: Low-frequency noise BT: Government LHC Length measurement USE: Large Hadron Collider BT: Measurement RT: Micrometers Li Size measurement USE: Lithium This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 252 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Lifetime measurement li-fi Lifetime tests USE: Light fidelity BT: Measurement

Li-ion batteries Lifetime measurement USE: Lithium-ion batteries USE: Lifetime estimation

Libraries Lifetime tests BT: Information services USE: Lifetime estimation NT: Software libraries lifi Licence USE: Light fidelity USE: Licenses Lifting equipment Licenses UF: Hoists UF: Licence Jacks Licensing BT: Materials handling BT: Contracts equipment RT: Freight handling Licensing Materials handling USE: Licenses Pulleys Winches Licensing (nuclear facilities) NT: Cranes USE: Nuclear facility regulation Ligaments Lidar BT: Musculoskeletal system USE: Laser radar Light attenuation Life estimation USE: Attenuation UF: Accelerated testing BT: Estimation Light deflectors RT: Aging BT: Optical devices Failure analysis RT: Bragg gratings Fatigue Insulation life Light emitters USE: Light emitting diodes Life long learning USE: Continuing professional Light emitting diode lamps development USE: LED lamps

Life sciences Light emitting diodes UF: Computational life sciences UF: LED BT: Science - general LEDs RT: Animals Light emitters Biology Light-emitting diodes Plants (biology) BT: Optoelectronic devices RT: Microcavities Life sciences computing Molecular beam USE: Computational modeling applications P-n junctions Life testing Visible light communication BT: Testing NT: Inorganic light emitting RT: Reliability diodes LED lamps Lifetime estimation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 253 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Organic light emitting Fast light diodes Luminescent devices Superluminescent diodes Phosphors Slow light Light fidelity Stray light UF: li-fi Superluminescent diodes lifi Ultraviolet sources BT: Wireless LAN RT: High-speed optical Light trapping techniques UF: Plasmonic solar cells IEEE 802.15 Standard BT: Photovoltaic cells Optical fiber networks RT: Reflectivity Radio frequency Visible light communication Light-emitting diodes Wireless communication USE: Light emitting diodes Wireless fidelity Lighting Light interferometry UF: Arc lamps USE: Optical interferometry Illumination BT: Optical devices Light polarisation RT: Building services USE: Optical polarization Buildings Filament lamps Light polarization Fluorescent lamps USE: Optical polarization Gas discharge devices High intensity discharge Light rail systems lamps UF: Light railways Light sources Streetcars Lighting control BT: Rail transportation Photometry RT: Public transportation Visible light communication NT: Daylighting Light railways Electrical ballasts USE: Light rail systems Emergency lighting Lamps Light scattering Solid state lighting BT: Scattering RT: Optical scattering Lighting control Resonance light scattering UF: Illumination control BT: Optical control Light sources RT: High intensity discharge BT: Optics lamps RT: Arc discharges Lamps Glow discharge devices Light sources High intensity discharge Lighting lamps LED lamps Lightning Lamps BT: Meteorology Lasers RT: Dielectric breakdown Lighting Electrostatic processes Lighting control Storms Photometry NT: Lightning protection Supercontinuum generation Synchrotron radiation Lightning protection NT: Electroluminescent devices BT: Lightning This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 254 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Protection BT: Algebra RT: Eigenvalues and Lightweight structures eigenfunctions BT: Structural shapes NT: Linear programming RT: Aerospace engineering Matrices Aerospace industry Vectors Aerospace materials Honeycomb structures Linear antenna arrays Metal foam BT: Antenna arrays Sandwich structures Thin wall structures Linear approximation BT: Approximation methods Limbic system RT: Nonlinear equations BT: Brain Nonlinear systems

Limit cycle Linear circuits USE: Limit-cycles BT: Circuits RT: Ohmic contacts Limit-cycle USE: Limit-cycles Linear codes BT: Block codes Limit-cycles RT: Error correction UF: Limit cycle Limit-cycle Linear discriminant analysis BT: Mathematics UF: Linear discriminant classification Limiting BT: Statistics BT: Signal processing RT: Machine learning RT: Nonlinear distortion Voltage control Linear discriminant classification USE: Linear discriminant analysis Linac USE: Linear particle accelerator Linear feedback control systems BT: Control systems LINACS Cybernetics USE: Linear accelerators RT: Linear systems NT: Frequency locked loops Line enhancers Phase locked loops BT: Adaptive systems State feedback RT: Digital filters Tracking loops Filtering theory Linear feedback shift registers Line output transformer BT: Shift registers USE: Flyback transformers Linear filtering Line-of-sight propagation USE: Maximum likelihood BT: Electromagnetic radiation detection

Linear accelerators Linear frequency modulation UF: LINACS USE: Chirp modulation BT: Particle accelerators RT: Collimators Linear integrated circuits USE: Analog integrated circuits Linear algebra UF: Linear systems (algebraic) Linear matrix inequalities This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 255 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Mathematics RT: Linear systems Linearization techniques Uncertain systems UF: Linearisation techniques BT: Mathematics Linear parameter varying systems RT: Control system synthesis USE: Linear systems Control systems MOSFET circuits Linear particle accelerator Modulation UF: Linac Operational amplifiers Particle accelerator Transmitters BT: High energy physics instrumentation computing Linguistic indexing USE: Image annotation Linear predictive coding BT: Prediction methods Linguistics USE: Pragmatics Linear programming UF: Integer programming Linkages Linear-programming USE: Couplings BT: Linear algebra RT: Algorithms Linked data Microeconomics BT: Internet Operations research RT: Big Data Optimization methods Database systems NT: Data envelopment analysis Knowledge based systems Knowledge representation Linear regression Metadata BT: Regression analysis NoSQL databases NT: Maximum likelihood linear Ontologies regression Query processing Semantic Web Linear systems UF: Linear parameter varying LinkedIn systems BT: Social network services BT: Mathematics RT: Control systems Linking Linear feedback control USE: Joining processes systems Linear matrix inequalities Linux Principal component BT: High level languages analysis Transfer functions Lipid bilayers USE: Lipidomics Linear systems (algebraic) USE: Linear algebra Lipidomics UF: Lipid bilayers Linear-programming Lipids USE: Linear programming BT: Molecular biomarkers RT: Fats Linearisation techniques USE: Linearization techniques Lipids USE: Lipidomics Linearity BT: Electromagnetic Lips measurements BT: Head This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 256 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Stomatognathic system BT: Hollow waveguides

Liquefied natural gas Liquid-crystal devices UF: LNG USE: Liquid crystal devices BT: Natural gas Liquid-crystal displays Liquid cooling USE: Liquid crystal displays BT: Cooling NT: Indirect liquid cooling Liquid-crystal polymers USE: Liquid crystal polymers Liquid crystal devices UF: Liquid-crystal devices Liquids BT: Displays BT: Fluids RT: Electrooptic devices RT: Aerosols Liquid crystals Electrohydraulics Microdisplays Materials science and Thin film transistors technology NT: Liquid crystal displays Spraying Liquid crystal on silicon NT: Water

Liquid crystal displays LiquiFerrofluid UF: LCD USE: Ferrofluid LCDs Liquid-crystal displays Lithium BT: Liquid crystal devices UF: Li NT: Active matrix liquid crystal BT: Metals displays RT: Alloying Batteries Liquid crystal on silicon NT: Lithium compounds UF: Lcos BT: Liquid crystal devices Lithium batteries RT: Integrated optoelectronics BT: Batteries Microdisplays Lithium compounds

Liquid crystal polymers Lithium compounds UF: Liquid-crystal polymers BT: Lithium BT: Polymers RT: Alloying Batteries Liquid crystals NT: Lithium batteries BT: Crystals Lithium niobate RT: Liquid crystal devices Lithium niobate Liquid flow BT: Lithium compounds USE: Fluid flow Lithium-ion batteries Liquid insulation UF: Li-ion batteries USE: Dielectric liquids BT: Batteries

Liquid level control Lithography USE: Level control UF: Photolithography BT: Manufacturing Liquid level measurement RT: Nanotechnology USE: Level measurement Printing Proximity effects Liquid waveguides NT: Colloidal lithography This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 257 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Extreme ultraviolet BT: Power system control lithography NT: Power factor correction Interferometric lithography Nanolithography Load forecasting Soft lithography BT: Power demand Stereolithography RT: Load management X-ray lithography Load management Lithotripsy UF: Load balancing BT: Medical treatment Load compensation RT: Kidney stones Load composition Lithotriptors Load variations BT: Energy management Lithotriptors RT: Energy storage BT: Biomedical equipment Load forecasting RT: Lithotripsy Pallets Power demand Liver Vehicle-to-grid BT: Digestive system NT: Liver diseases Load modeling BT: Modeling Liver diseases Power system modeling BT: Liver RT: Power demand

Liver neoplasms Load tap changers BT: Neoplasms USE: On load tap changers

Livestock Load variations USE: Agriculture USE: Load management

LNG Loaded antennas USE: Liquefied natural gas BT: Antennas

Load balancing Loaded waveguides USE: Load management BT: Electromagnetic waveguides Load compensation RT: Dielectric materials USE: Load management Waveguide discontinuities

Load composition Loading USE: Load management BT: Freight handling RT: Containers Load flow Filling UF: Power flow Grippers BT: Power system management Pulleys NT: Load flow analysis Loans and mortgages Load flow analysis UF: Mortgages UF: Power flow analysis BT: Financial management BT: Load flow RT: Power system security Local area network emulation Power transmission USE: LAN emulation

Load flow control Local area networks UF: Power flow control UF: LAN This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 258 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Communication systems USE: Location awareness Digital systems RT: Distributed computing Location metadata Ethernet USE: Location awareness FDDI Field buses Log normal distribution File servers USE: Log-normal distribution IEEE 802.3 Standard IPTV Log periodic antennas Internetworking BT: Antenna arrays LAN interconnection Media Access Protocol Log-normal distribution Multiprocessor UF: Log normal distribution interconnection BT: Probability distribution Office automation Open systems Log-periodic dipole antennas Protocols UF: LDPA Regional area networks BT: Antennas Storage area networks Token networks Logic Virtual private networks UF: Formal logic NT: Wireless LAN BT: Computational and artificial intelligence Local authorities RT: Boolean algebra USE: Local government Cognitive science Computer science Local government Logic circuits UF: Local authorities Logic functions BT: Government NT: Fuzzy logic Multivalued logic Local oscillators Probabilistic logic BT: Oscillators Sufficient conditions

Location awareness Logic arrays UF: Geo tagging BT: Circuits Location based services Logic circuits Location metadata NT: Programmable logic arrays Mobile location management Logic CAD Mobile radio mobility USE: Logic design management BT: Mobile communication Logic circuit testing RT: Land mobile radio USE: Logic testing Land mobile radio cellular systems Logic circuits Mobile computing BT: Circuits Navigation Switching circuits Personal communication RT: Adders networks Computers and information Position measurement processing Wireless communication Counting circuits NT: Network location Digital circuits awareness Digital integrated circuits Flip-flops Location based services Logic This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 259 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Logic design Logic devices Logical decomposition Logic functions USE: System analysis and design Multiplying circuits Pulse inverters Logistics Shift registers UF: Physical distribution NT: Combinational circuits management Logic arrays BT: Production management Programmable logic arrays RT: Procurement Superconducting logic NT: Reverse logistics circuits Supply chains

Logic design Long Term Evolution UF: Circuit design (logic) UF: LTE Logic CAD LTE advanced BT: Design automation BT: 3GPP Standards RT: Circuit synthesis Communication standards Design for testability RT: 4G mobile communication Design methodology High-speed networks Engineering education Mobile communication Logic circuits Mobile handsets Timing Wireless communication NT: Reconfigurable logic Look-up table Logic devices USE: Table lookup BT: Circuits and systems RT: Logic circuits Lookup table NT: Logic gates USE: Table lookup Programmable logic devices Loop-filtering algorithm USE: Filtering algorithms Logic functions BT: Boolean functions LOPT RT: Logic USE: Flyback transformers Logic circuits Multivalued logic Loran USE: Radio navigation Logic gates BT: Logic devices Lorentz covariance RT: Boolean algebra UF: Lorentz force Lorentz invariance Logic inverters BT: Physics USE: Pulse inverters Lorentz force Logic programming USE: Lorentz covariance BT: Programming Lorentz invariance Logic test USE: Lorentz covariance USE: Logic testing Loss measurement Logic testing BT: Measurement UF: Logic circuit testing RT: Attenuation measurement Logic test Magnetic losses BT: Integrated circuit testing Optical losses RT: Design for testability NT: Packet loss This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 260 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Low voltage Lot sizing BT: Production control LSI RT: Materials requirements USE: Large scale integration planning LTE Loudspeakers USE: Long Term Evolution BT: Audio systems RT: Acoustic distortion LTE advanced USE: Long Term Evolution Low density parity check codes USE: Parity check codes Lubricants UF: Cutting fluids Low earth orbit satellites BT: Production materials UF: LEO RT: Lubrication Low-earth-orbit BT: Artificial satellites Lubricating oils UF: Oil filters Low frequency noise Oiling (lubrication) USE: Low-frequency noise BT: Oils

Low noise amplifiers Lubrication USE: Low-noise amplifiers BT: Mechanical factors RT: Friction Low pass filters Lubricants BT: Filters Mechanical bearings

Low power electronics Luminescence USE: Low-power electronics BT: Optics RT: Luminescent devices Low voltage Muon colliders UF: Low-voltage Scintillators BT: Voltage measurement NT: Bioluminescence Electroluminescence Low-earth-orbit Fluorescence USE: Low earth orbit satellites Phosphorescence Photoluminescence Low-frequency noise Thermoluminescence UF: LF noise Low frequency noise Luminescent devices BT: Noise BT: Light sources Optical devices Low-noise amplifiers RT: Luminescence UF: Low noise amplifiers Muon colliders BT: Amplifiers NT: Electroluminescent devices

Low-power electronics Lunar UF: Low power electronics USE: Moon Ultra low power* Ultra-low power* Lung BT: Consumer electronics BT: Respiratory system RT: Electronic equipment Nanogenerators Lung neoplasms BT: Neoplasms Low-voltage This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 261 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

LUT Machine assisted indexing USE: Table lookup UF: Automated indexing Automatic indexing Lutecium MAI USE: Lutetium Machine added indexing Machine aided indexing Lutetium Machine indexing UF: Lutecium Machine-added indexing BT: Chemical elements Machine-aided indexing Machine-assisted indexing Lyapunov function BT: Indexes USE: Lyapunov methods RT: Indexing

Lyapunov methods Machine components UF: Lyapunov function BT: Machinery Lyapunov stability Mechanical products BT: System analysis and design RT: Couplings RT: Control design Engines Functional analysis Gears Stability Turbomachinery Wheels Lyapunov stability NT: Air cleaners USE: Lyapunov methods Belts Cams Lymph nodes Engine cylinders BT: Lymphatic system Exhaust systems Impellers Lymphatic system Intake systems BT: Anatomy Manifolds NT: Lymph nodes Mechanical splines Pistons M2M Rotors USE: Machine-to-machine Shafts communications Valves

MAC Machine control USE: Media Access Protocol BT: Industrial electronics NT: Machine vector control MAC protocol USE: Media Access Protocol Machine indexing USE: Machine assisted indexing Mach-Zehnder interferometers UF: Mach-Zehnder modulation Machine intelligence BT: Interferometers BT: Computational and artificial intelligence Mach-Zehnder modulation RT: Machine-to-machine USE: Mach-Zehnder communications interferometers NT: Pattern analysis

Machine added indexing Machine learning USE: Machine assisted indexing UF: Deep learning Deep reinforcement Machine aided indexing learning USE: Machine assisted indexing Dictionary learning BT: Artificial intelligence This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 262 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Cognitive systems UF: Vision systems Convolutional neural (nonbiological) networks BT: Image processing Linear discriminant analysis RT: Automatic optical inspection NT: Boosting IEEE 1394 Standard Dimensionality reduction Image analysis Robot learning Image recognition Statistical learning Manufacturing automation Observers Machine learning algorithms Pattern recognition BT: Algorithms Stereo vision Visual systems Machine shops NT: Object recognition BT: Production facilities Object segmentation RT: Machine tools Machinery production Machine windings industries BT: Windings Machining Machine-added indexing Machine tool spindles USE: Machine assisted indexing UF: Spindle bearings BT: Machine tools Machine-aided indexing RT: Mechanical splines USE: Machine assisted indexing Shafts Machine-assisted indexing Machine tools USE: Machine assisted indexing BT: Production equipment RT: Clamps Machine-to-machine communications Coordinate measuring UF: M2M machines BT: Communication systems Cutting tools RT: IP networks Fixtures Internet of Things Gears Machine intelligence Hand tools Remote monitoring Hobbing machines Wireless communication Machine shops Wireless sensor networks Machining Manufacturing Machinery Mechanical guides BT: Industry applications Turning RT: Machinery production NT: Dies industries Drilling machines Machining Grinding machines Materials handling Machine tool spindles equipment Metalworking machines Production equipment Milling machines NT: Agricultural machinery Presses Ball bearings Sawing machines Belts Drives Machine vector control Electric machines BT: Machine control Fans RT: AC-DC power converters Furnaces DC-DC power converters Gears Hydraulic systems Machine vision Machine components This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 263 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Motors BT: Magnesium Printing machinery NT: Magnesium oxide Pumps Textile machinery Magnesium oxide UF: Irtran 5 Machinery production industries MgO BT: Manufacturing industries BT: Magnesium compounds RT: Machine shops RT: Ceramics Machinery Optical materials

Machining Magnetic analysis BT: Materials processing BT: Magnetics RT: Burnishing RT: Electromagnetic analysis Clamps Magnetic fields Deburring NT: Magnetization Finishing Machine shops Magnetic anisotropy Machine tools BT: Magnetics Machinery NT: Magnetic domain walls Manufacturing Magnetic domains NT: Boring Magnetic moments Drilling Perpendicular magnetic Electrochemical machining anisotropy Hobbing machines Lapping Magnetic anomaly detection Milling BT: Magnetic variables Planing measurement Sawing RT: Magnetic fields Turning Object detection Virtual machining Magnetic anomaly detectors Macrocell networks BT: Magnetometers UF: Macrocells RT: Magnetic fields BT: Cellular networks Military equipment RT: Rural areas Object detection

Macrocells Magnetic bearings USE: Macrocell networks USE: Magnetic levitation

Macroeconomics Magnetic circuits BT: Economics BT: Circuits RT: Government RT: Coils International trade Magnetic devices Public finance Windings NT: Privatization Magnetic confinement Maglev BT: Plasma confinement USE: Magnetic levitation RT: Electromagnets Fusion power generation Magnesium Tokamak devices UF: Mg Tokamaks BT: Metals NT: Magnesium compounds Magnetic core losses USE: Magnetic losses Magnesium compounds This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 264 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Magnetic cores Magnetic anomaly BT: Magnetic devices detectors RT: Inductors Magnetic field NT: Transformer cores measurement Maxwell equations Magnetic devices Remanence BT: Magnetics SQUID magnetometers RT: Magnetic circuits Synchrotrons Magnetic materials NT: Geomagnetism NT: Accelerator magnets Magnetic reconnection Ferrite devices Magnetic separation Magnetic cores Magnetostatics Magnetic gears Toroidal magnetic fields Magnetic heads Magnetic memory Magnetic films Magnetic modulators UF: Magnetic thin films Magnetooptic devices BT: Films Magnetoresistive devices Magnetic materials Magnetostrictive devices RT: Thin films Solenoids NT: Ferrimagnetic films Transformer cores Ferrite films Undulators Garnet films

Magnetic domain walls Magnetic filters BT: Magnetic anisotropy USE: Magnetic separation

Magnetic domains Magnetic fluids BT: Magnetic anisotropy USE: Magnetic liquids

Magnetic field induced strain Magnetic flux BT: Magnetomechanical effects BT: Magnetics RT: Ferroelectric films RT: Remanence Ferroelectric materials NT: Flux pinning MISFETs Magnetic flux density Semiconductor diodes Magnetic flux leakage Semiconductor films Semiconductor-metal Magnetic flux density interfaces BT: Magnetic flux

Magnetic field measurement Magnetic flux leakage BT: Magnetic variables BT: Magnetic flux measurement Nondestructive testing RT: Magnetic fields RT: Corrosion Pipelines Magnetic fields BT: Magnetics Magnetic force microscopy RT: Biomagnetics BT: Magnetics Compass RT: Atomic force microscopy Critical current density Magnetic forces (superconductivity) Electromagnetic fields Magnetic forces Magnetic analysis BT: Magnetics Magnetic anomaly RT: Electromagnetic forces detection Force Magnetic force microscopy This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 265 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Magnetic levitation Diamagnetic materials NT: Coercive force Ferrimagnetic films Ferrimagnetic materials Magnetic gears Ferrite films BT: Gears Ferrites Magnetic devices Ferrofluid RT: Electromagnetic devices Garnet films Magnetic levitation Garnets Permanent magnets Magnetic films Power transmission Magnetic liquids Variable speed drives Magnetic semiconductors Magnetic superlattices Magnetic heads Paramagnetic materials BT: Magnetic devices Soft magnetic materials RT: Magnetic recording Magnetoresistive devices Magnetic measurements USE: Magnetic variables Magnetic hysteresis measurement BT: Magnetics RT: Hysteresis Magnetic memory Remanence UF: Magnetic storage BT: Magnetic devices Magnetic levitation Memory UF: Maglev RT: Magnetic recording Magnetic bearings NT: Floppy disks BT: Levitation Hard disks Magnetics RT: Electromagnets Magnetic modulators Magnetic forces BT: Magnetic devices Magnetic gears Modulation Rail transportation Magnetic moments Magnetic liquids BT: Magnetic anisotropy UF: Magnetic fluids BT: Magnetic materials Magnetic multilayers BT: Magnetics Magnetic losses RT: Coatings UF: Magnetic core losses BT: Magnetics Magnetic nanoparticles RT: Eddy currents BT: Nanoparticles Loss measurement Magnetic noise Magnetic materials BT: Magnetic recording UF: Ferromagnetic materials BT: Magnetics Magnetic particles Materials BT: Magnetics RT: Biomagnetics RT: Biomagnetics Boron alloys Microelectromechanical Magnetic devices devices Magnetoelasticity Magnetostriction Magnetic permeability Permeability USE: Permeability NT: Amorphous magnetic materials Magnetic properties Antiferromagnetic materials BT: Magnetics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 266 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Magnetic sensors Magnetic reconnection BT: Magnetics BT: Magnetic fields Sensors NT: Spin valves Magnetic recording UF: Perpendicular recording Magnetic separation BT: Recording UF: Magnetic filters RT: Magnetic heads BT: Magnetic fields Magnetic memory RT: Particle separators NT: Digital magnetic recording Heat-assisted magnetic Magnetic shielding recording BT: Electromagnetic shielding Magnetic noise Magnetooptic recording Magnetic stimulation Microwave-assisted BT: Medical treatment magnetic recording Perpendicular magnetic Magnetic storage recording USE: Magnetic memory

Magnetic resonance Magnetic superlattices UF: FMR BT: Magnetic materials Ferromagnetic resonance Superlattices BT: Resonance Resonant frequency Magnetic susceptibility RT: Ferroresonance BT: Magnetics Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic switching NT: Nuclear magnetic BT: Magnetics resonance Paramagnetic resonance Magnetic thin films USE: Magnetic films Magnetic resonance elastography BT: Magnetic resonance Magnetic tunnel junctions imaging USE: Magnetic tunneling

Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic tunneling UF: Biomedical MRI UF: Magnetic tunnel junctions MRI Magnetic tunnelling NMR imaging Spin-dependent tunneling Nuclear magnetic Spin-dependent tunnelling resonance imaging BT: Magnetoelectric effects BT: Imaging Tunneling RT: Diagnostic radiography RT: Magnetoelectronics Image reconstruction Spin polarized transport Magnetic resonance NT: Diffusion tensor imaging Magnetic tunnelling Functional magnetic USE: Magnetic tunneling resonance imaging Magnetic resonance Magnetic variables control elastography BT: Control systems

Magnetic semiconductors Magnetic variables measurement BT: Magnetic materials UF: Magnetic measurements Semiconductor materials BT: Measurement

NT: Magnetic anomaly RT: Hysteresis detection NT: Magnetization reversal Magnetic field Saturation magnetization measurement Magnetometers Magnetization reversal Permeability measurement UF: Magnetisation reversal BT: Magnetization processes Magnetics NT: Biomagnetics Magneto electrical resistivity imaging Demagnetization technique Gyromagnetism UF: MERIT Magnetic analysis BT: Imaging Magnetic anisotropy RT: Geophysical measurement Magnetic devices techniques Magnetic fields Magnetic flux Magnetoacoustic effects Magnetic force microscopy UF: Acoustomagnetic effects Magnetic forces BT: Magnetics Magnetic hysteresis RT: Acoustics Magnetic levitation Magnetomechanical effects Magnetic losses Magnetic materials Magnetoelasticity Magnetic multilayers BT: Magnetomechanical effects Magnetic particles RT: Magnetic materials Magnetic properties NT: Magnetostriction Magnetic sensors Magnetic susceptibility Magnetoelectric effects Magnetic switching BT: Magnetics Magnetization processes NT: Hall effect Magnetoacoustic effects Magnetic tunneling Magnetoelectric effects Magnetoelectronics Magnetomechanical effects Magnetoresistance Magnetooptic effects Spintronics Magnets Magnonics Magnetoelectronic devices Microwave magnetics USE: Magnetoelectronics Nonlinear magnetics Remanence Magnetoelectronics UF: Magnetoelectronic devices Magnetisation BT: Magnetoelectric effects USE: Magnetization RT: Magnetic tunneling Magnetoresistive devices Magnetisation processes NT: Spin polarized transport USE: Magnetization processes Magnetoencephalography Magnetisation reversal BT: Biomagnetics USE: Magnetization reversal RT: Biomedical image processing Magnetization Brain UF: Magnetisation BT: Magnetic analysis Magnetofluid dynamics USE: Magnetohydrodynamics Magnetization processes UF: Magnetisation processes Magnetofluiddynamics BT: Magnetics USE: Magnetohydrodynamics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 268 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Magnetooptic recording Magnetohydrodynamic power generation BT: Laser applications BT: Power generation Magnetic recording RT: Magnetohydrodynamics RT: Magnetooptic effects

Magnetohydrodynamics Magnetoresistance UF: Hydromagnetics UF: Magnetoresistivity MHD BT: Magnetoelectric effects Magnetofluid dynamics RT: Magnetoresistive devices Magnetofluiddynamics Nanocontacts BT: Dynamics Spin polarized transport Hydrodynamics NT: Anisotropic Mechanical factors magnetoresistance RT: Electrohydraulics Ballistic magnetoresistance Fluid flow Colossal Magnetohydrodynamic magnetoresistance power generation Enhanced magnetoresistance Magnetomechanical effects Extraordinary UF: Piezomagnetic effects magnetoresistance BT: Magnetics Giant magnetoresistance RT: Magnetoacoustic effects Ordinary Mechanical factors magnetoresistance Stress Tunneling NT: Magnetic field induced magnetoresistance strain Magnetoelasticity Magnetoresistive devices Magnetostriction UF: Magnetoresistors BT: Magnetic devices Magnetometers RT: Giant magnetoresistance UF: Magnetometry Magnetic heads BT: Magnetic variables Magnetoelectronics measurement Magnetoresistance NT: Magnetic anomaly Tunneling detectors magnetoresistance SQUID magnetometers Magnetoresistivity Magnetometry USE: Magnetoresistance USE: Magnetometers Magnetoresistors Magnetooptic devices USE: Magnetoresistive devices UF: Photomagnetic devices BT: Magnetic devices Magnetosphere RT: Magnetooptic effects UF: Magnetotail BT: Terrestrial atmosphere Magnetooptic effects RT: Geomagnetism UF: Photomagnetic effects BT: Magnetics Magnetostatic waves RT: Kerr effect BT: Waves Magnetooptic devices RT: Electromagnetic Magnetooptic recording propagation Optics Magnetostatics NT: Faraday effect Gyrotropism Magnetostatics BT: Magnetic fields This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 269 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Magnetostatic waves Predictive maintenance Preventive maintenance Magnetostriction Systems support BT: Magnetoelasticity Magnetomechanical effects Maintenance management RT: Magnetic materials BT: Maintenance engineering Magnetostrictive devices Technical management

Magnetostrictive devices Maldistribution BT: Magnetic devices BT: Reliability RT: Magnetostriction Sensors Malignancy USE: Cancer Magnetotail USE: Magnetosphere Malignant USE: Cancer Magnetrons BT: Electron tubes Malignant tumors RT: Relativistic effects UF: Melanoma Sputtering BT: Tumors

Magnets Malware BT: Magnetics UF: Ransomware RT: Cobalt BT: Computer viruses NT: Electromagnets RT: Anti-virus software Micromagnetics Cyber espionage Permanent magnets Privacy Security Magnonics NT: Spyware BT: Magnetics Trojan horses

MAI Mammary glands USE: Machine assisted indexing BT: Glands

Mail Mammary neoplasms USE: Postal services USE: Breast neoplasms

Mail (electronic) Mammography USE: Electronic mail BT: Biomedical imaging RT: Medical tests Maintenance BT: Reliability Man machine systems USE: Man-machine systems Maintenance engineering UF: Repair Man-machine interfaces BT: Engineering - general USE: User interfaces RT: Automatic testing Availability Man-machine systems Configuration management UF: Cyborgs Fault diagnosis Man machine systems Inspection BT: Systems, man, and Monitoring cybernetics Remaining life assessment RT: Androids Testing Cybernetics NT: Maintenance management Ergonomics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 270 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Human factors Project management Persuasive systems Public relations NT: Extended reality Quality management Interactive systems Requirements management Research and development Management management UF: Reliability management Resource management BT: Business Risk analysis RT: Analytic hierarchy process Safety management Company reports Security management Ethical aspects Storage management Learning management Supply chain management systems Technical management Management information Technology management systems Management training Management accounting Operations research BT: Financial management Personnel RT: Company reports Productivity NT: Cost accounting NT: Asset management Best practices Management information base Business continuity UF: MIB Business process BT: Computer network management management Business process re- RT: Information systems engineering Telecommunication Communication system network management operations and management Virtual environments Conference management Content management Management information systems Contingency management BT: Information systems Contract management RT: Customer relationship Contracts management Customer relationship Knowledge management management Management Decision making Supply chain management Dependability management NT: Portals Distributed management Enterprise resource Management training planning BT: Training Facilities management RT: Continuing education Financial management Management Governmental factors Human resource MANET management USE: Mobile ad hoc networks Information management Interface management Manganese International collaboration UF: Mn Knowledge management BT: Metals Marketing management NT: Manganese alloys Organizational aspects Outsourcing Manganese alloys Process planning BT: Manganese Production management Program management Manifolds This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 271 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Exhaust manifolds RT: Product customization BT: Machine components Product design RT: Engines Product development Exhaust systems NT: Ceramic products Valves Chemical products Consumer products Manipulator dynamics Electrical products BT: Manipulators Food products Fuels Manipulator sensing systems Glass products USE: Robot sensing systems Mechanical products Metal products Manipulator vision systems Paper products USE: Robot vision systems Paper pulp Plastic products Manipulators Rubber products UF: Arms (robotic) Sports equipment BT: Robots Textile products RT: Assembly Tools Assembly systems Windows Control equipment Control systems Manufacturing Industrial control BT: Industry applications Manufacturing automation RT: Bonding Materials handling Business Mechanical variables Discrete-event systems control Industrial plants Motion control Machine tools Nonlinear systems Machining Position control Materials handling Service robots Materials processing Servomechanisms Production control Servosystems Production engineering Telerobotics Production facilities NT: End effectors Production systems Manipulator dynamics Productivity Micromanipulators Soldering Stereolithography Manipulators (nonrobotic) Welding USE: Remote handling Wheels Wire drawing Manpower planning NT: Assembly USE: Labor resources Assembly systems Embossing Manuals Fabrication UF: Technical manuals Lithography BT: Professional Manufactured products communication Manufacturing systems RT: Documentation Mass customization Training Smart manufacturing Writing Tolerance analysis

Manufactured products Manufacturing automation UF: Counterfeit goods UF: Factory automation BT: Manufacturing BT: Automation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 272 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Industrial electronics Froth flotation RT: Assembly Manufacturing process Assembly systems BT: Manufacturing systems Automatic optical inspection RT: Rapid prototyping Industrial control Machine vision Manufacturing systems Manipulators BT: Manufacturing Mobile robots Production systems Process control RT: Bleaching Programmable control Production engineering Robots NT: Agile manufacturing NT: Computer aided Automobile manufacture manufacturing Batch production systems Computer integrated Blanking manufacturing Cellular manufacturing Computer numerical control Flow production systems Flexible manufacturing Food manufacturing systems Forging Glass manufacturing Manufacturing economics Integrated manufacturing USE: Industrial economics systems Intelligent manufacturing Manufacturing facilities systems USE: Production facilities Job production systems Joining processes Manufacturing industries Layered manufacturing BT: Industries Lean production NT: Aerospace industry Manufacturing processes Cement industry Mass production Ceramics industry Melt processing Clothing industry Pulp manufacturing Electrical products industry Sheet metal processing Electronics industry Thermoforming Food industry Three-dimensional printing Footwear industry Fuel processing industries Many valued logic Glass industry USE: Multivalued logic Machinery production industries Marine accidents Metal product industries BT: Accidents Plastics industry RT: Marine pollution Pulp and paper industry Marine safety Rubber industry Marine vehicles Shipbuilding industry Textile industry Marine animals Toy manufacturing industry UF: Ocean animals Sea animals Manufacturing management BT: Animals USE: Production management RT: Aquaculture NT: Dolphins Manufacturing process Whales USE: Manufacturing processes Marine cables Manufacturing processes USE: Underwater cables UF: Compliant mechanisms This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 273 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Marine equipment Propellers BT: Marine technology NT: Boats Underwater vehicles Marine navigation BT: Navigation Market opportunities Oceanic engineering and BT: Marketing management marine technology RT: Consumer behavior RT: Sea state Customer profiles

Marine pollution Market research BT: Water pollution BT: Customer relationship RT: Marine accidents management Oil pollution Engineering management Oils RT: Brand management Thermal pollution Competitive intelligence Consumer products Marine safety Customer satisfaction BT: Safety RT: Marine accidents Marketing management Marine technology BT: Management Marine vehicles RT: Electronic commerce Public relations Marine science NT: Advertising USE: Oceanography Brand management Distribution strategy Marine technology Market opportunities UF: Ocean technology Mass customization BT: Oceanic engineering and Promotion - marketing marine technology RT: Marine safety Markov decision processes Oceans USE: Markov processes Underwater vehicles NT: Marine equipment Markov network Marine transportation USE: Markov random fields Underwater cables Underwater communication Markov processes Underwater equipment UF: Markov decision processes Underwater structures BT: Stochastic processes Underwater technology RT: Dynamic programming Hidden Markov models Marine transportation Infinite horizon BT: Marine technology NT: Markov random fields RT: Global Positioning System NT: Marine vehicles Markov random fields UF: Markov network Marine vegetation BT: Markov processes UF: Ocean vegetation Sea vegetation Markup languages BT: Vegetation BT: Computer languages RT: Cascading style sheets Marine vehicles Semantic Web UF: Ships NT: HTML BT: Marine transportation OWL RT: Marine accidents Page description languages Marine safety SGML This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 274 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

XML BT: Stomatognathic system

Mars Matched filters BT: Planets BT: Filters RT: Filtering theory Martensite BT: Crystalline materials Matching pursuit algorithms Steel BT: Algorithms RT: Smart materials Material properties Masers BT: Materials UF: Microwave lasers NT: Creep BT: Microwave devices Elasticity Microwave technology Resilience RT: Atomic clocks Relativistic effects Material storage Stimulated emission BT: Materials, elements, and NT: Gyrotrons compounds RT: Canning MASH Energy storage USE: Multi-stage noise shaping NT: Bulk storage Containers Mashing Fuel storage USE: Mashups Secure storage Stacking Mashups Storage automation UF: Mashing Warehousing BT: Web services Water storage World Wide Web Materials Masking threshold BT: Materials, elements, and BT: Psychoacoustic models compounds RT: Materials handling Mass customization Oxidation BT: Manufacturing NT: Acoustic materials Marketing management Additives Aggregates Mass production Amorphous materials BT: Manufacturing systems Auxetic materials RT: Production management Biological materials Biomedical materials Mass spectrometry Building materials USE: Mass spectroscopy Ceramics Composite materials Mass spectroscopy Conducting materials UF: Mass spectrometry Corrosion inhibitors BT: Spectroscopy Crystalline materials Crystals Master-slave Dielectric materials BT: Protocols Films Fluids Mastercard Hazardous materials USE: Credit cards Inorganic materials Lacquers Masticatory muscles Laminates This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 275 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Magnetic materials Radioactive waste disposal Material properties Robots Media Stacking Mesoporous materials NT: Cleaning Metal foam Decontamination Metallic materials Freight handling Metamaterials Materials handling Nanostructured materials equipment Oils Pallets Optical materials Remote handling Organic inorganic hybrid materials Materials handling equipment Organic materials BT: Materials handling Paints RT: Machinery Paper pulp Production equipment Petrochemicals Waste handling equipment Phase change materials NT: Containers Photoconducting materials Grippers Plastics Lifting equipment Polymer foams Pulleys Polymer gels Remote handling Polymers equipment Production materials Winches Radioactive materials Raw materials Materials handling systems Resins USE: Materials handling Resists Semiconductor materials Materials preparation Sheet materials UF: Atmospheric sintering Smart materials BT: Materials science and Solids technology Superconducting materials RT: Corrosion inhibitors Surfactants Flame retardants Terahertz materials NT: Doping Textiles Firing Thermoelectric materials Ion implantation Waste materials Laser sintering Wire Sputtering

Materials handling Materials processing UF: Materials handling systems UF: Mineral processing Scrubbers BT: Production BT: Materials science and RT: Bonding technology Canning RT: Canning Corrosion inhibitors Compaction Fabrication Die casting Finishing Dispatching Foundries Lifting equipment Manufacturing Manipulators Materials science and Manufacturing technology Materials Metalworking machines Mobile robots Plasma welding Pipelines Soldering Radioactive waste Welding This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 276 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Annealing Contamination Bleaching Degradation Casting Filtration Coatings Hysteresis Curing Impurities Etching Materials handling Heat treatment Materials preparation Joining processes Materials reliability Lamination Materials testing Machining Metallurgy Melt processing Microstructure Plasma materials Periodic structures processing Pigmentation Plating Separation processes Pressing Surface engineering Punching Surfaces Refining Shearing Materials testing Smelting BT: Materials science and Softening technology Swaging Testing NT: Accelerated aging Materials reliability Acoustic testing BT: Materials science and Adhesive strength technology Bonding forces Reliability Delamination RT: Green's function methods Elastic recovery Nondestructive testing Materials requirements planning UF: MRP Materials, elements, and compounds BT: Production planning NT: Chemical elements RT: Lot sizing Compounds Scheduling Material storage Supply chain management Materials Supply chains Materials science and NT: Bills of materials technology Metals Materials science USE: Materials science and Maternity benefits technology USE: Employee welfare

Materials science and technology Mathematical analysis UF: Materials science BT: Mathematical model BT: Materials, elements, and NT: Formal concept analysis compounds Fractional calculus RT: Austenite Modal analysis Crystals Gases Mathematical model Liquids BT: Mathematics Materials processing RT: Artificial neural networks Solid-state physics NT: Mathematical analysis Solids NT: Absorption Mathematical programming Aging BT: Mathematics Chemical analysis Optimization methods This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 277 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Piecewise linear techniques Mathematics Predator prey systems RT: Econometrics Probability Maximum likelihood Quaternions detection Random processes STEM Root mean square Viterbi algorithm Sequences Waveguide theory Set theory NT: Accuracy Simulated annealing Algebra Smoothing methods Algorithm design and Spirals anlaysis Statistics Algorithms Stochastic processes Arithmetic Taylor series Azimuth Topology Boundary value problems Transforms Calculus Transmission line matrix Closed-form solutions methods Combinatorial mathematics Uncertain systems Computational efficiency Utility theory Conformal mapping Convergence Mathematics computing Convex functions BT: Computer applications Cyclic redundancy check NT: Matlab Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Matlab Equations UF: Matrix laboratory Estimation BT: Mathematics computing Euclidean distance RT: Computer aided instruction Finite difference methods Numerical analysis Finite element analysis Simulation Fourier series Software libraries Functional analysis Geometry Matrices Gradient methods UF: Matrix algebra Graph theory BT: Linear algebra Harmonic analysis RT: Method of moments Iterative methods Mode matching methods Kernel NT: Jacobian matrices Laplace equations Matrix decomposition Lattices Singular value Limit-cycles decomposition Linear matrix inequalities Linear systems Matrix algebra Linearization techniques USE: Matrices Mathematical model Mathematical programming Matrix converters Method of moments UF: Matrix convertors Minimization BT: Power conversion Mode matching methods RT: Power electronics Network theory (graphs) Nonlinear equations Matrix convertors Nonlinear systems USE: Matrix converters Numerical analysis Optimization Matrix decomposition This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 278 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Matrices Complexity constrained RT: Signal processing detection Statistics Linear filtering BT: Algorithms Matrix laboratory RT: Filtering theory USE: Matlab Mathematics Probability Matter waves Statistics UF: De Broglie methods De broglie hypothesis Maximum likelihood estimation BT: Waves UF: MLE BT: Estimation Maximum a posteriori estimation Statistics UF: Maximum a posteriori RT: Set theory estimator Tracking Maximum a posteriori framework Maximum likelihood linear regression Maximum a posteriori BT: Linear regression method Maximum a posteriori Maximum power point trackers probability UF: MPPT Maximum a-posteriori Maximum power point Maximum aposteriori tracking BT: Estimation theory BT: Solar power generation RT: Inverters Maximum a posteriori estimator Power conversion USE: Maximum a posteriori Solar energy estimation Maximum power point tracking Maximum a posteriori framework USE: Maximum power point USE: Maximum a posteriori trackers estimation Maxwell equations Maximum a posteriori method BT: Equations USE: Maximum a posteriori RT: Electric fields estimation Magnetic fields Perfectly matched layers Maximum a posteriori probability USE: Maximum a posteriori Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution estimation UF: Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics Maximum a-posteriori BT: Probability distribution USE: Maximum a posteriori estimation Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics USE: Maxwell-Boltzmann Maximum aposteriori distribution USE: Maximum a posteriori estimation MC-CDMA USE: Multicarrier code division Maximum likelihood decoding multiple access BT: Decoding RT: Algorithms MCCDMA USE: Multicarrier code division Maximum likelihood detection multiple access UF: Additive metric This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 279 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

MDDI Geologic measurements USE: Musical instrument digital Geophysical measurements interfaces Interferometry Length measurement Mean square error methods Lifetime estimation BT: Approximation methods Loss measurement RT: Error analysis Magnetic variables Estimation theory measurement Least squares Measurement by laser approximation beam NT: Least mean squares Measurement errors methods Measurement techniques Measurement uncertainty Measurement Measurement units UF: Metrics Mechanical variables Performance measurement measurement Performance metrics Micrometers BT: Instrumentation and Moisture measurement measurement Noise measurement RT: Containers Nuclear measurements Data acquisition Optical variables Instruments measurement Measurement standards Particle beam Phase frequency detector measurements Telemetry Particle measurements Testing Performance evaluation Transducers Phase measurement NT: Accelerometers Plasma measurements Acoustic measurements Plethysmography Antenna measurements Pollution measurement Anthropometry Pressure measurement Area measurement Pulse measurements Atmospheric Reflectometry measurements Reproducibility of results Atomic measurements Scintillation counters Biomedical measurement Sea state Calorimetry Semiconductor device Coordinate measuring measurement machines Sensitivity Density measurement Shape measurement Distance measurement Size measurement Distortion measurement Software measurement Doppler measurement Soil measurements Dosimetry Spectral efficiency Dynamic range Spectroscopy Electric variables Thermal variables measurement measurement Electromagnetic Time measurement measurements UHF measurements Extraterrestrial Ultrasonic variables measurements measurement Fluid flow measurement Viscosity Frequency measurement Wavelength measurement Gain measurement Wide area measurements Gas chromatography pH measurement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 280 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Mechanical power Measurement by laser beam transmission BT: Measurement Mechanical systems RT: Laser applications NT: Laser velocimetry Mechanical factors UF: Mechanical properties Measurement errors BT: Physics BT: Measurement RT: Acoustic noise RT: Error analysis Electrostriction Statistical analysis Magnetomechanical effects Mechanical bearings Measurement standards Mechanical variables BT: Standards categories control RT: ISO Oils Measurement Structural engineering Measurement units NT: Acceleration Aerodynamics Measurement techniques Biomechanics BT: Measurement Damping RT: Measurement uncertainty Dynamics NT: Calibration Fatigue Dynamic equilibrium Force Friction Measurement uncertainty Hydrodynamics BT: Measurement Kinematics RT: Estimation Lubrication Measurement techniques Magnetohydrodynamics Photoelasticity Measurement units Pressure effects UF: Units (measurement) Shock (mechanics) BT: Measurement Strain RT: Measurement standards Stress NT: Nanometers Surface cracks Torque Mechanical bearings Vibrations BT: Friction Volume relaxation RT: Ball bearings Workability Lubrication Mechanical factors Mechanical guides NT: Rolling bearings UF: Guideways (mechanical) Slideways (mechanical) Mechanical cables BT: Mechanical products UF: Cables (mechanical) RT: Machine tools BT: Cables Position control

Mechanical energy Mechanical power transmission BT: Mechanical systems UF: Continuously variable RT: Kinetic energy transmission Potential energy Powertrain BT: Mechanical engineering Mechanical engineering RT: Cams BT: Engineering - general Drives RT: Mechanical products Engines Precision engineering Gears Pressure vessels Oils This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 281 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Power systems Microelectromechanical Shafts devices NT: Torque converters Pneumatic systems Turbomachinery Mechanical products NT: Mechanical energy UF: Ball screws Micromechanical devices BT: Manufactured products Production Mechanical variables control RT: Mechanical engineering BT: Control systems Structural rings RT: Flexible structures NT: Automotive components Frequency control Axles Manipulators Bellows Mechanical factors Blades Mobile robots Brakes Motor drives Couplings Robots Fasteners NT: Displacement control Flanges Force control Gears Level control Hoses Motion control Machine components Pitch control (position) Mechanical guides Position control Needles Shape control Orifices Size control Pistons Strain control Pressure vessels Stress control Seals Thickness control Springs Torque control Steering systems Velocity control Structural shapes Vibration control Suspensions Weight control Tires Vents Mechanical variables measurement Wheels BT: Measurement RT: Frequency measurement Mechanical properties Transducers USE: Mechanical factors NT: Angular velocity Displacement Mechanical sensors measurement BT: Sensors Force measurement NT: Capacitive sensors Motion measurement Position measurement Mechanical splines Rotation measurement BT: Machine components Strain measurement RT: Gears Stress measurement Machine tool spindles Thickness measurement Shafts Torque measurement Velocity measurement Mechanical stress Vibration measurement USE: Stress Volume measurement Weight measurement Mechanical systems BT: Mechanical engineering Mechanical vibrations RT: Gears USE: Vibrations Mechatronics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 282 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Mechatronics Hyperthermia BT: Electron devices Injuries RT: Autonomous vehicles Kidney stones Control equipment Obesity Intelligent control Pregnancy Intelligent sensors Sleep apnea Mechanical systems Thrombosis Microelectromechanical Tumors devices Microelectromechanical Medical control systems systems BT: Control systems Robots RT: Assistive technology Vehicular automation Biomedical equipment NT: Biomechatronics Orthotics Prosthetics Media BT: Materials Medical diagnosis RT: Design tools UF: Diagnosis (medical) NT: Nonhomogeneous media Patient diagnosis Random media BT: Medical services RT: Biomedical imaging Media access control Diagnostic radiography USE: Media Access Protocol Diseases Electroencephalography Media Access Protocol Medical expert systems UF: MAC Occupational medicine MAC protocol Radiography Media access control NT: Autopsy Medium access control Bronchoscopy BT: Access protocols Colonography RT: Local area networks Computer aided diagnosis Metropolitan area networks Medical signal detection Nanomedicine Media streaming Plethysmography USE: Streaming media Sensitivity and specificity

Mediation Medical diagnostic imaging BT: Middleware BT: Biomedical imaging RT: Cancer Medical computing Positron emission USE: Biomedical computing tomography Solid scintillation detectors Medical conditions Tumors UF: Medical disorders NT: Anatomical structure BT: Medical services NT: Aneurysm Medical disorders Atrophy USE: Medical conditions Autism Blindness Medical equipment Cataracts USE: Biomedical equipment AND Deafness Medical instruments Diabetes Diseases Medical expert systems Hemorrhaging BT: Biomedical computing Hypertension Expert systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 283 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Medical diagnosis Medical diagnosis Medical treatment Medical tests Medical treatment Medical image processing Occupational medicine USE: Biomedical image Prosthetics processing Public healthcare Sensory aids Medical imaging Vaccines USE: Biomedical imaging X-rays

Medical information systems Medical signal detection BT: Biomedical computing BT: Medical diagnosis Computer applications Information systems Medical simulation NT: Electronic medical records BT: Simulation

Medical instruments Medical specialties UF: Medical equipment BT: Engineering in medicine BT: Biomedical equipment and biology Instruments NT: Cardiology Dermatology Medical robotics Gastroenterology UF: Medical robots Gerontology Surgical robots Gynecology BT: Robots Neonatology RT: Biomedical equipment Neurology NT: Rehabilitation robotics Oncology Pathology Medical robots Pediatrics USE: Medical robotics Medical tests Medical services BT: Medical services UF: Doctor RT: Mammography Emergency medical NT: Amniocentesis services Biopsy Health care Cancer detection Healthcare Colonoscopy Nursing Pregnancy test Physician BT: Engineering in medicine Medical treatment and biology UF: Patient identification RT: Behavioral sciences Patient treatment Chemotherapy Therapy Emergency services BT: Medical services NT: Assisted living RT: Biohazards Catheterization Biomedical applications of Clinical diagnosis radiation Cybercare Medical expert systems Electronic healthcare Occupational medicine Health information Psychiatry management NT: Anesthesia Hospitals Angioplasty In vitro Brachytherapy In vivo Brain stimulation Medical conditions Chemotherapy This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 284 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Clinical trials Mel-frequency cepstral Cryotherapy coefficient Defibrillation BT: Cepstral analysis Dentistry Electrical stimulation Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient Electronic medical USE: Mel frequency cepstral prescriptions coefficient Embolization Fibrillation Melanoma Geriatrics USE: Malignant tumors Hepatectomy Hospitals Melt processing Hyperthermia BT: Manufacturing systems Lithotripsy Materials processing Magnetic stimulation RT: Die casting Neuromuscular stimulation Smelting Neutron capture therapy NT: Vacuum arc remelting Noninvasive treatment Orthopedic procedures Membranes Orthotics USE: Biomembranes Patient rehabilitation Pharmaceuticals Memetics Proton therapy BT: Evolution (biology) Surgery RT: Cultural differences Genetics Medium access control USE: Media Access Protocol Memoirs USE: Autobiographies Medium resolution imaging spectrometer USE: MERIS Memory UF: Data storage Medium voltage BT: Computers and information UF: Medium-voltage processing BT: Voltage measurement RT: CMOS memory circuits Memory architecture Medium-voltage Phase change materials USE: Medium voltage Recording NT: Analog memory Meeting planning Associative memory BT: Planning Buffer storage Cache memory Meetings Content addressable UF: Technical meetings storage BT: Professional Flash memories communication Magnetic memory RT: Public speaking Memory management Teleconferencing Nonvolatile memory NT: Conferences Phase change memory Random access memory Meetings (technical) Read only memory USE: Conferences Read-write memory Registers Mel frequency cepstral coefficient Scanning probe data UF: MFCC storage Semiconductor memory This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 285 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Memory architecture Mentoring BT: Computer architecture BT: Career development RT: Memory RT: Training Memory management Mercury (metals) Memory management UF: Hg UF: Garbage collection BT: Chemical elements (computers) Metals BT: Computer architecture Memory Mercury (planets) RT: Memory architecture BT: Planets Memory modules Storage management Mergers USE: Corporate acquisitions Memory modules BT: Printed circuits Merging RT: Integrated circuits BT: Data handling Memory management RT: Sorting

Memory resistors MERIS USE: Memristors UF: Medium resolution imaging spectrometer Memoryless channel BT: Spectroscopy USE: Memoryless systems MERIT Memoryless systems USE: Magneto electrical UF: Memoryless channel resistivity imaging technique BT: Probability Merit pay Memristor circuits USE: Incentive schemes USE: Memristors Mesencephalon Memristors USE: Midbrain UF: Memory resistors Memristor circuits MESFET circuits BT: Resistors BT: FET circuits RT: Resistive RAM RT: MESFETs NT: MESFET integrated circuits MEMS USE: Microelectromechanical MESFET integrated circuits systems BT: FET integrated circuits Integrated circuits MEMS switches MESFET circuits USE: Microswitches RT: MESFETs NT: Microwave FET integrated Mental disorders circuits UF: Mental illness BT: Psychiatry MESFETs UF: Schottky FETs Mental illness BT: Field effect transistors USE: Mental disorders RT: MESFET circuits MESFET integrated circuits Mental models Schottky barriers USE: Cognitive science NT: Microwave FETs This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 286 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Mesh generation Meta data BT: Computer displays USE: Metadata RT: Computer graphics Meta search Mesh networks USE: Metasearch BT: Ad hoc networks Meta-modeling Mesomycetozoea USE: Metamodeling BT: Organisms Meta-search Mesons USE: Metasearch UF: Kaons Muons Metabolic networks Pions USE: Biochemistry BT: Elementary particles RT: Cosmic rays Metabolism USE: Biochemistry Mesoporous USE: Mesoporous materials Metabolomics BT: Molecular biomarkers Mesoporous materials UF: Mesoporous Metacomputing BT: Materials BT: Distributed computing NT: Grid computing Message authentication BT: Data security Metadata RT: Cryptography UF: Meta data Digital signatures BT: Data models Message systems RT: Image annotation NT: Steganography Linked data

Message passing Metal foam BT: Distributed processing BT: Materials RT: Lightweight structures Message service Metals UF: Messaging service Polymer foams BT: Web services Metal oxide semiconductor heterojunction FETs Message systems USE: MOSHFETs BT: Communications technology Metal product industries RT: Digital signatures BT: Manufacturing industries Message authentication RT: Metal products NT: Electronic mail Electronic messaging Metal products Postal services BT: Manufactured products Publish subscribe systems RT: Ball bearings Voice mail Blanking Metal product industries Message-oriented middleware Metals industry BT: Middleware Swaging

Messaging service Metal vapor lasers USE: Message service USE: Gas lasers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 287 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Materials science and Metal-insulator structures technology BT: Insulators RT: Iron alloys RT: Electrodes Metals MIS devices MOS integrated circuits Metalorganic vapor deposition NT: MIM capacitors USE: MOCVD MIM devices Metals Metal-insulator-metal capacitors UF: Alloys USE: MIM capacitors BT: Materials, elements, and compounds Metal-insulator-metal devices RT: Blanking USE: MIM devices Die casting Filler metals Metal-insulator-semiconductor devices Inorganic compounds USE: MIS devices Metal foam Metallurgy Metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Metalworking machines USE: MOSFET circuits NT: Alloying Aluminum Metal-oxide semiconductors Barium USE: MOS devices Bismuth Boron Metal-oxide-nitride-oxide-semiconductors Cadmium USE: MONOS devices Calcium Chromium Metal-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon Cobalt USE: MONOS devices Copper Digital alloys Metal-oxide-semiconductor devices Erbium USE: MOS devices Gallium Germanium Metal-semiconductor interfaces Gold USE: Semiconductor-metal Hafnium interfaces Indium Iron Metallic materials Lanthanum BT: Materials Lead RT: Cermet Lithium Magnesium Metallic superlattices Manganese BT: Superlattices Mercury (metals) Metallization Metallisation Neodymium USE: Metallization Nickel Niobium Metallization Palladium UF: Metallisation Platinum BT: Metals Rare earth metals RT: Wiring Samarium NT: Integrated circuit Silver metallization Steel Strontium Metallurgy Tin This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 288 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Titanium Tungsten Metastatic disease Yttrium USE: Metastasis Zinc Meteorological factors Metals industry BT: Geoscience UF: Aluminium industry RT: Fading channels Aluminum industry Multipath channels BT: Industries RT: Metal products Meteorological radar Smelting BT: Radar RT: Backscatter Metalworking machines Radar imaging BT: Machine tools RT: Cutting tools Meteorology Materials processing UF: Climate Metals Weather BT: Geophysics Metamaterial cloaking RT: Air pollution USE: Optical cloaking Atmosphere Atmospheric Metamaterials measurements UF: Acoustic metamaterials Data assimilation Left handed materials Environmental factors Left-handed materials Ice Microwave metamaterials Ionosphere BT: Materials Pressure effects RT: Nanocomposites Remote sensing Optical materials Terrestrial atmosphere Refractive index NT: Humidity Smart materials Lightning NT: Electromagnetic Monsoons metamaterials Rain Optical cloaking Snow Optical metamaterials Storms Weather forecasting Metamodeling Wind UF: Meta-modeling BT: Modeling Meter reading BT: Power system Metamorphic HEMTs measurements USE: mHEMTs NT: Automatic meter reading Smart meters Metasearch UF: Federated search Meters Federated searching BT: Instruments Meta search NT: Dynamometers Meta-search Flowmeters BT: Search methods Goniometers RT: Triples (Data structure) Potentiometers Radiometers Metastasis Tachometers UF: Metastatic disease Vibrometers BT: Cancer Voltmeters RT: Diseases Watthour meters This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 289 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Wattmeters Multiprocessor interconnection Methane Open systems BT: Natural gas Protocols RT: Carbon emissions Regional area networks Token networks Methanol UF: Carbinol Metropolitan areas Methyl alcohol USE: Urban areas Wood alcohol Wood naphtha MFCC Wood spirits USE: Mel frequency cepstral BT: Chemical compounds coefficient RT: Anti-freeze Fuels Mg Solvents USE: Magnesium

Method of moments MgO UF: Galerkin method USE: Magnesium oxide Method-of-moments MoM MHD Moment methods USE: Magnetohydrodynamics BT: Mathematics Numerical analysis mHEMTs RT: Boundary element methods UF: Metamorphic HEMTs Integral equations BT: HEMTs Matrices MIB Method-of-moments USE: Management information USE: Method of moments base

Methyl alcohol MIC USE: Methanol USE: Microwave integrated circuits Metrics USE: Measurement Mice UF: Mouse Metro area networks BT: Animals USE: Metropolitan area networks Mice flows Metrology USE: Communication system BT: Science - general traffic AND NT: Optical metrology Computer networks

Metropolitan area networks Micro computers UF: Metro area networks USE: Microcomputers BT: Communication systems Computer networks Micro-computers Digital systems USE: Microcomputers RT: Distributed computing IEEE 802.16 Standard Micro-electro-mechanical devices Internetworking USE: Microelectromechanical LAN interconnection devices Media Access Protocol Micro-electro-mechanical systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 290 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Microelectromechanical Microcell networks systems UF: Microcells Small cell networks Micro-electromechanical devices BT: Cellular networks USE: Microelectromechanical devices Microcells USE: Microcell networks Micro-electromechanical systems USE: Microelectromechanical Microchannels systems BT: Hydraulic diameter

Micro-hydro Microchip lasers USE: Microhydro power BT: Solid lasers

Micro-optical components Microchips USE: Microoptics USE: Integrated circuits

Micro-opticalmechanical devices Microcomputers USE: Microoptics UF: Laptops Micro computers Microactuators Micro-computers BT: Actuators Minicomputers Microelectromechanical Personal computers devices BT: Computers RT: Microrelays RT: Consumer electronics Home computing Microarchitecture Microprocessors BT: Software architecture Office automation NT: Portable computers Microassembly Workstations UF: Die attach Die bonding Microcontact printing BT: Assembly USE: Soft lithography RT: Flip-chip devices Integrated circuit Microcontrollers manufacture BT: Control equipment Micromachining Microprocessors Semiconductor device RT: CMOS technology manufacture Control systems High-speed integrated Microbial eletrolysis cells circuits USE: Fuel cells Neurocontrollers System-on-chip Microbial fuel cells USE: Fuel cells Microdisplays BT: Displays Microcavities RT: Liquid crystal devices BT: Optical resonators Liquid crystal on silicon RT: Cavity resonators Microoptics Light emitting diodes Microoptics Microeconomics Photoluminescence BT: Economics Spontaneous emission RT: Linear programming Whispering gallery modes Monopoly Oligopoly This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 291 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Supply and demand Nanotechnology NT: Economies of scale Industrial economics Microfiltration BT: Filtration Microelectrodes RT: Contamination BT: Electrodes RT: Neurophysiology Microfluidics Neurostimulation BT: Electron devices Fluidics Microelectromechanical devices RT: Biomedical engineering UF: Micro-electro-mechanical Fluidic microsystems devices Hydrodynamics Micro-electromechanical devices Microgrids BT: Microelectromechanical BT: Power grids systems RT: Distributed power RT: Magnetic particles generation Mechanical systems Power generation Mechatronics Power system management Micromachining Power system reliability Microsensors Smart grids NT: Microactuators Micromotors Microgrippers Micropumps USE: Grippers Microvalves Microhydro power Microelectromechanical systems UF: Micro-hydro UF: MEMS BT: Hydroelectric power Micro-electro-mechanical generation systems RT: Appropriate technology Micro-electromechanical systems Microinjection BT: Electron devices BT: Biology RT: Mechatronics Nanoelectromechanical Micromachining systems BT: Electronic equipment NT: Microelectromechanical manufacture devices RT: Electrochemical machining Radiofrequency Embossing microelectromechanical systems Etching Integrated circuit Microelectronic implants manufacture BT: Implants Microassembly Microelectromechanical Microelectronic stimulation devices USE: Electrical stimulation Semiconductor device manufacture Microelectronics BT: Electronic equipment Micromagnetics RT: Integrated circuits BT: Magnets

Microfabrication Micromanipulators BT: Fabrication BT: Manipulators Micromechanical devices RT: Fiducial markers Micromechanical devices This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 292 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Micromechanical systems RT: Integrated optics BT: Electron devices Integrated optoelectronics Mechanical systems Microcavities RT: Microoptics Microdisplays Nanogenerators Micromechanical devices NT: Biomedical Microswitches microelectromechanical systems NT: Micromirrors Fluidic microsystems Microfabrication Microorganisms UF: Bacteria Micromechanical systems Bacterial content USE: Micromechanical devices Viruses (microorganisms) BT: Organisms Micrometers RT: Biological cells UF: Micrometres Immune system Micrometry Molecular biophysics Microns NT: Adenoviruses BT: Measurement RT: Distance measurement Microphone arrays Interferometry BT: Microphones Length measurement Strain measurement Microphones Thickness measurement BT: Audio systems NT: Microphone arrays Micrometres USE: Micrometers Microprocessor chips BT: Microprocessors Micrometry RT: Flip-chip devices USE: Micrometers Substrates Yield estimation Micromirrors UF: Digital micromirror devices Microprocessors BT: Microoptics BT: Circuits Mirrors Integrated circuits RT: Optical arrays RT: CMOS technology Optical projectors Embedded systems Flip-chip devices Micromotors Microcomputers BT: Microelectromechanical Processor scheduling devices System-on-chip Motors NT: Automatic logic units Rotating machines Biomimetics Coprocessors Microns Microcontrollers USE: Micrometers Microprocessor chips Vector processors Microoptical components USE: Microoptics Microprogramming UF: Firmware Microoptics BT: Programming UF: Micro-optical components RT: Computer architecture Micro-opticalmechanical Software devices Microoptical components Micropumps BT: Optics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 293 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Microelectromechanical RT: Power combiners devices Power dividers Pumps Thick film inductors NT: Microstrip resonators Microrelays BT: Relays Microstrip filters RT: Microactuators BT: Filters RT: Microwave communication Microscopy BT: Imaging Microstrip lines Instruments USE: Microstrip RT: Optical imaging NT: Atomic force microscopy Microstrip resonators Electron microscopy BT: Microstrip components Scanning microwave RT: Resonance microscopy Scanning probe microscopy Microstructure BT: Materials science and Microsensors technology BT: Electromechanical sensors RT: Crystal microstructure RT: Control systems Microelectromechanical Microstructured fibers devices USE: Photonic crystal fibers Wireless sensor networks Microstructured fibres Microsoft Excel USE: Photonic crystal fibers USE: Spreadsheet programs Microsurgery Microsoft Windows BT: Surgery BT: Operating systems Microswitches Microstrip UF: MEMS switches UF: Microstrip lines BT: Switches BT: Planar transmission lines RT: Microoptics RT: Broadband antennas NT: Microstrip components Microvalves BT: Microelectromechanical Microstrip antenna arrays devices UF: Microstrip arrays Valves BT: Antenna arrays RT: Antennas Microwave amplifiers Aperture coupled antennas BT: Microwave devices Microstrip antennas Microwave antenna arrays Microstrip antennas BT: Antenna arrays BT: Antennas RT: Aperture coupled antennas Microwave antennas Microstrip antenna arrays BT: Antennas Patch antennas Microwave bands Microstrip arrays BT: Microwave technology USE: Microstrip antenna arrays NT: C-band K-band Microstrip components L-band BT: Microstrip This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 294 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Microwave circuits BT: Circuits Microwave imaging Microwave technology BT: Imaging RT: Analog circuits RT: Remote sensing Distributed parameter circuits Microwave integrated circuits Microwave devices UF: MIC Microwave integrated BT: Integrated circuits circuits RT: Analog integrated circuits Microwave photonics Microwave circuits NT: MMICs Microwave communication BT: Communication systems Microwave lasers Microwave technology USE: Masers RT: Microstrip filters Microwave photonics Microwave magnetics NT: Rectennas BT: Magnetics

Microwave devices Microwave measurement BT: Microwave technology BT: Electromagnetic RT: Electromagnetic measurements waveguides RT: Microwave technology Microwave circuits NT: Microwave frequencies Microwave photonics Photonic crystals Microwave metamaterials Superconducting USE: Metamaterials microwave devices NT: Masers Microwave oscillators Microwave amplifiers BT: Oscillators Microwave filters Microwave transistors Microwave ovens BT: Consumer electronics Microwave FET integrated circuits Consumer products BT: MESFET integrated circuits Home appliances RT: Microwave FETs Ovens

Microwave FETs Microwave photonics BT: MESFETs BT: Microwave technology Microwave transistors Photonics RT: Microwave FET integrated RT: Electrooptic modulators circuits Elementary particles Integrated optoelectronics Microwave filters Microwave circuits BT: Microwave devices Microwave communication Microwave devices Microwave frequencies Optical modulation BT: Microwave measurement Microwave propagation Microwave generation BT: Electromagnetic BT: Microwave technology propagation NT: High power microwave RT: Broadband antennas generation Electromagnetic waveguides Microwave heating USE: Electromagnetic heating Microwave radar This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 295 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Radar Internet of Things Publish subscribe systems Microwave radiometry NT: Mediation BT: Radiometry Message-oriented middleware Microwave sensors Web services BT: Microwave technology Mie scattering Microwave technology BT: Electromagnetic scattering BT: Microwave theory and RT: Electromagnetic analysis techniques Electromagnetic fields RT: Microwave measurement Electromagnetic forces Radar Electromagnetic NT: Baluns measurements Beam steering Electromagnetic Circulators propagation Masers Microwave bands Mil standards Microwave circuits USE: Military standards Microwave communication Microwave devices Military aircraft Microwave generation BT: Military equipment Microwave photonics RT: Aircraft Microwave sensors Hyperspectral sensors NT: Payloads Microwave theory and techniques NT: Microwave technology Military command and control Millimeter wave technology USE: Command and control Submillimeter wave systems technology Military communication Microwave transistors BT: Communication systems BT: Microwave devices RT: Command and control NT: Microwave FETs systems Cross layer design Microwave-assisted magnetic recording Electronic countermeasures BT: Magnetic recording Hyperspectral sensors Military satellites Midbrain Ultra wideband UF: Mesencephalon communication BT: Brain NT: Reconnaissance Central nervous system RT: Forebrain Military computing Hindbrain BT: Computer applications RT: Mobile computing Middleboxes BT: Computer network Military equipment management BT: Aerospace and electronic Internet systems RT: Defense industry Middleware Explosion protection BT: Client-server systems Ground support Software Landmine detection RT: Computer applications Magnetic anomaly Computer networks detectors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 296 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Night vision Millimeter wave integrated Open area test sites circuits NT: Military aircraft NT: Millimeter wave transistors Military satellites Military vehicles Millimeter wave integrated circuits Weapons UF: Millimeter-wave integrated circuits Military satellites BT: Circuits BT: Artificial satellites Integrated circuits Military equipment Millimeter wave circuits RT: Global Positioning System Millimeter wave technology Hyperspectral sensors RT: Analog integrated circuits Military communication Millimeter wave devices NT: MIMICs Military standards UF: Mil standards Millimeter wave measurements BT: Standards categories UF: Millimeter-wave measurements Military vehicles BT: Electromagnetic BT: Military equipment measurements Vehicles RT: Millimeter wave technology

Milk Millimeter wave monolithic integrated circuits USE: Dairy products USE: MIMICs

Millennial generation Millimeter wave propagation USE: Millennials UF: Millimeter-wave propagation Millennials BT: Electromagnetic UF: Generation Y propagation Millennial generation RT: Millimeter wave BT: Social groups communication

Millimeter wave circuits Millimeter wave radar UF: Millimeter-wave circuits UF: Millimeter-wave radar BT: Circuits BT: Millimeter wave technology Millimeter wave technology Radar RT: Analog circuits Distributed parameter Millimeter wave technology circuits UF: Millimeter-wave technology Millimeter wave devices BT: Microwave theory and NT: Millimeter wave integrated techniques circuits RT: Millimeter wave measurements Millimeter wave communication NT: Millimeter wave circuits UF: Millimeter-wave Millimeter wave devices communication Millimeter wave integrated BT: Radio communication circuits RT: Millimeter wave Millimeter wave radar propagation Millimeter wave transistors Millimeter wave devices UF: Millimeter-wave transistors UF: Millimeter-wave devices BT: Millimeter wave devices BT: Millimeter wave technology Transistors RT: Millimeter wave circuits This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 297 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Millimeter-wave circuits UF: Metal-insulator-metal USE: Millimeter wave circuits devices BT: Metal-insulator structures Millimeter-wave communication RT: Semiconductor-insulator USE: Millimeter wave interfaces communication MIMICs Millimeter-wave devices UF: Millimeter wave monolithic USE: Millimeter wave devices integrated circuits Millimeter-wave monolithic Millimeter-wave integrated circuits integrated circuits USE: Millimeter wave integrated BT: Millimeter wave integrated circuits circuits Monolithic integrated Millimeter-wave measurements circuits USE: Millimeter wave RT: MMICs measurements Radiofrequency integrated circuits Millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuits USE: MIMICs MIMO communication UF: MIMO systems Millimeter-wave propagation Multiple input multiple USE: Millimeter wave output propagation Multiple input multiple output systems Millimeter-wave radar Multiple-input multiple- USE: Millimeter wave radar output Multiple-input multiple- Millimeter-wave technology output systems USE: Millimeter wave technology Multiple-input-multiple- output Millimeter-wave transistors Multivariable systems USE: Millimeter wave transistors BT: Communication systems RT: 3G mobile communication Millimicron Control systems USE: Nanometers IEEE 802.11 Standard IEEE 802.11n Standard Milling IEEE 802.16 Standard BT: Machining MISO communication RT: Boring Multipath channels Milling machines NOMA OFDM Milling machines Optimization methods BT: Machine tools Radio communication RT: Ball milling SIMO communication Cutting tools SISO communication Milling NT: Rician channels

MIM capacitors MIMO radar UF: Metal-insulator-metal BT: Multistatic radar capacitors BT: Metal-insulator structures MIMO systems USE: MIMO communication MIM devices Mind-machine interfaces This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 298 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Brain-computer interfaces Mining equipment Mineral processing BT: Production equipment USE: Materials processing RT: Mining industry

Mineral resources Mining industry BT: Minerals BT: Industries RT: Fracking Mineralization Fuel processing industries BT: Minerals Geoengineering Hyperspectral sensors Minerals Mining equipment BT: Geology Raw materials NT: Diamond NT: Coal mining Graphite Mineral resources Minmax techniques Mineralization USE: Minimax techniques Ores Mirrors Minicomputers BT: Optical devices USE: Microcomputers RT: Optical materials Optical reflection Minimally invasive surgery Reflection UF: Laparoscopic surgery NT: Distributed Bragg reflectors BT: Surgery Micromirrors RT: Laparoscopes MIS devices Minimax techniques UF: Metal-insulator- UF: Minmax techniques semiconductor devices BT: Statistics BT: Semiconductor devices RT: Artificial intelligence RT: Metal-insulator structures Game theory Semiconductor-insulator Minimization methods interfaces NT: Charge coupled devices Minimisation MOS devices USE: Minimization MISFETs Minimisation methods BT: Field effect transistors USE: Minimization methods RT: CMOSFET logic devices Magnetic field induced Minimization strain UF: Minimisation BT: Mathematics MISO communication RT: Optimization UF: multiple input single-output NT: Minimization methods multiple-input single output multiple-input single-output Minimization methods BT: Communication systems UF: Minimisation methods RT: MIMO communication BT: Minimization SIMO communication RT: Approximation methods SISO communication Minimax techniques Missiles Minimum analog-digital integrated circuits UF: Torpedoes USE: Analog-digital integrated BT: Weapons circuits RT: Aerospace control This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 299 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Ground support Monolithic integrated circuits Mission critical systems RT: Analog integrated circuits UF: Mission-critical systems MIMICs BT: Contingency management Radiofrequency integrated circuits Mission-critical systems USE: Mission critical systems Mn USE: Manganese Mixed analog digital integrated circuits BT: Integrated circuits MNN RT: Analog processing circuits USE: Multi-layer neural network System-on-chip Mobile ad hoc networks Mixed convection UF: MANET USE: Convection Wireless ad hoc network BT: Ad hoc networks Mixed integer linear programming UF: Mixed-integer linear Mobile agents programming BT: Knowledge based systems BT: Integer linear programming RT: Computer applications Distributed computing Mixed reality Intelligent systems USE: Virtual reality Learning systems Mobile computing Mixed-integer linear programming Software agents USE: Mixed integer linear programming Mobile antennas BT: Antennas Mixers Land mobile radio BT: Frequency conversion equipment RT: Demodulation RT: Land mobile radio Modulation Nonlinear circuits Mobile application development USE: Application programming Mixture models interfaces BT: Statistics RT: Feature extraction Mobile applications Image segmentation BT: Computer applications Probabilistic logic RT: Mobile communication Mobile handsets MLE Wireless communication USE: Maximum likelihood estimation Mobile communication BT: Communication systems MLFMA Near field communication UF: Multilevel fast multipole RT: Acoustic communication algorithm (telecommunication) BT: Algorithms Block codes Film bulk acoustic MMICs resonators UF: Monolithic microwave Indoor communication integrated circuits Long Term Evolution BT: Microwave integrated Mobile applications circuits Mobile handsets This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 300 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Multiuser detection Tablet computers Network resource Transceivers management UHF communication Radio communication NT: Smart phones Routing protocols Time-varying channels Mobile learning Transceivers BT: Electronic learning Vehicular ad hoc networks Mobile communication NT: 3G mobile communication RT: Distance learning 4G mobile communication Mobile computing 5G mobile communication Ambient networks Mobile location management Dual band USE: Location awareness Land mobile radio Location awareness Mobile nodes Mobile learning BT: Mobile communication Mobile nodes Telecommunication Mobile security network management Software radio Mobile office Mobile computing USE: Teleworking BT: Computers and information processing Mobile phones RT: Ad hoc networks USE: Mobile handsets Bring your own device Crowdsourcing Mobile radio Data dissemination USE: Land mobile radio Edge computing Location awareness Mobile radio mobility management Military computing USE: Location awareness Mobile agents Mobile learning Mobile robot sensing systems Software defined USE: Robot sensing systems networking Telecommunication Mobile robot vision systems computing USE: Robot vision systems NT: Wireless access points Mobile robots Mobile device security BT: Robots USE: Mobile security RT: Assembly systems Control systems Mobile devices Humanoid robots USE: Mobile handsets Industrial control Manufacturing automation Mobile handsets Materials handling UF: Mobile devices Mechanical variables Mobile phones control BT: Telephone sets Motion control RT: Dual band Nonlinear systems Land mobile radio Service robots Long Term Evolution Telerobotics Mobile applications Unmanned aerial vehicles Mobile communication Vehicles Personal communication Vehicular automation networks NT: Autonomous automobiles This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 301 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Climbing robots Model-driven engineering Legged locomotion USE: Model driven engineering

Mobile security Model-predictive control UF: Mobile device security USE: Predictive control BT: Computer security Mobile communication Modeling UF: Modelling Mobile television System modeling USE: TV BT: Systems engineering and theory Mobile TV RT: Computer graphics BT: TV Data visualization Digital simulation MOCVD Haptic interfaces UF: Metalorganic vapor Monte Carlo methods deposition Numerical simulation BT: Chemical vapor deposition Petri nets Plasma simulation Modal analysis Power system analysis BT: Mathematical analysis computing RT: Vibration measurement Systems Modeling Language Mode matching methods Time series analysis BT: Mathematics NT: Analytical models Numerical analysis Atmospheric modeling Statistical analysis Brain modeling RT: Antenna theory Computational modeling Matrices Context modeling Waveguide theory Data models Deformable models Model checking Digital elevation models BT: System testing Emulation RT: Algorithms Graphical models Concurrent computing Green's function methods Formal verification Hidden Markov models Static analysis Input variables Integrated circuit modeling Model driven engineering Inverse problems UF: Model-driven engineering Load modeling BT: Software design Metamodeling Numerical models Model predictive control Object oriented modeling USE: Predictive control Power system modeling Process modeling Model reduction Semiconductor device USE: Reduced order systems modeling Semiconductor process Model-based reasoning modeling USE: Inference mechanisms Signal representation Simulation Model-driven development Solid modeling BT: Software development System identification management Systems modeling

Modelling USE: Modular multilevel USE: Modeling converters AND Voltage-source converters Modems UF: Modulator-demodulators Modular multilevel converters BT: Communication equipment UF: Modular multi-level Computer peripherals converters RT: Data communication BT: Converters Demodulation Modulation Modulation UF: Modulation format Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer Modulation index USE: MODIS Modulation-coding Modulators Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer BT: Communications USE: MODIS technology Signal processing MODFET circuits RT: Direct sequence spread BT: FET circuits spectrum communication RT: MODFETs Encoding Rail to rail amplifiers IEEE 802.11 Standard Rail to rail operation IEEE 802.11g Standard NT: MODFET integrated circuits IEEE 802.11n Standard Linearization techniques MODFET integrated circuits Mixers BT: MODFET circuits Modems RT: MODFETs OFDM Phase locked loops MODFETs Tracking loops UF: Heterostructure FETs Transmitters SDHTs NT: Amplitude modulation Selectively doped Chirp modulation heterojunction transistors Demodulation TEGFETs Digital modulation Two-dimensional electron Frequency modulation gas FETs Magnetic modulators BT: Field effect transistors Modulation coding RT: HEMTs Optical modulation MODFET circuits Phase modulation MODFET integrated circuits Pulse modulation Pulse width modulation MODIS UF: Moderate resolution Modulation coding imaging spectroradiometer BT: Modulation Moderate-resolution RT: Encoding Imaging Spectroradiometer Information theory BT: Payloads NT: Interleaved codes Spectroradiometers Modulation format Modular construction USE: Modulation BT: Construction RT: Buildings Modulation index Prefabricated construction USE: Modulation

Modular multi-level converters Modulation-coding This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 303 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Modulation BT: Biomarkers RT: Drugs Modulator-demodulators NT: Genomics USE: Modems Glycomics Lipidomics Modulators Metabolomics USE: Modulation Proteomics

Modules (abstract algebra) Molecular biophysics BT: Abstract algebra UF: Biological macromolecules Biomolecules Moisture BT: Biophysics BT: Geophysics RT: Biochemistry RT: Moisture control Biomedical equipment Moisture measurement Biomedical imaging Trees - insulation Biomedical materials Cellular biophysics Moisture control DNA BT: Control systems Genetic engineering RT: Moisture Genetics NT: Humidity control Microorganisms

Moisture measurement Molecular clones BT: Measurement USE: Cloning RT: Moisture Soil measurements Molecular communication NT: Humidity measurement BT: Biological systems Communication systems Molding equipment UF: Moulding equipment Molecular computing BT: Production equipment UF: Biocomputing BT: Computers and information Molecular beam applications processing BT: Molecular beams Nanotechnology RT: Light emitting diodes RT: DNA computing Semiconductor devices Semiconductor lasers Molecular electronics UF: Biomolecular electronics Molecular beam epitaxial growth BT: Nanotechnology BT: Epitaxial growth RT: Graphene devices RT: Crystals Nanoelectronics Gallium Organic light emitting Thin films diodes

Molecular beams Molecular imaging BT: Beams BT: Biomedical imaging RT: Epitaxial growth Thin films Molecular sieves NT: Molecular beam BT: Chemical processes applications RT: Adsorption

Molecular biology Molybdenum BT: Biological processes BT: Chemical elements

Molecular biomarkers MoM This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 304 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Method of moments Monte-Carlo simulations BT: Statistical analysis Moment methods RT: Computational USE: Method of moments electromagnetics Modeling Money management Probability USE: Financial management Simulated annealing Simulation Monitoring BT: Instrumentation and Monte Carlo simulations measurement USE: Monte Carlo methods RT: Alarm systems Maintenance engineering Monte-Carlo methods Power system management USE: Monte Carlo methods NT: Computerized monitoring Environmental monitoring Monte-Carlo simulations Patient monitoring USE: Monte Carlo methods Radiation monitoring Remote monitoring Mood Surveillance BT: Psychology

Monolithic integrated circuits Moon UF: Monolithic integration UF: Lunar BT: Circuits BT: Satellites Integrated circuits NT: MIMICs Moore's Law MMICs BT: Integrated circuit technology Monolithic integration USE: Monolithic integrated Mopeds circuits USE: Motorcycles

Monolithic microwave integrated circuits Morals USE: MMICs USE: Ethics

Monopoly Morphological operations BT: Economics BT: Image processing RT: Microeconomics RT: Topology

MONOS devices Morphology UF: Metal-oxide-nitride-oxide- BT: Natural language semiconductors processing Metal-oxide-nitride-oxide- silicon Mortar BT: Semiconductor devices BT: Building materials Chemical products Monsoons RT: Construction industry BT: Meteorology RT: Rain Mortgages Storms USE: Loans and mortgages

Monte Carlo methods MOS capacitors UF: Importance sampling BT: MOS devices Monte Carlo simulations RT: Capacitors Monte-Carlo methods This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 305 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

MOS devices BT: Field effect transistors UF: Metal-oxide semiconductors Motion analysis Metal-oxide-semiconductor BT: Robot kinematics devices NT: Active contours BT: MIS devices Motion segmentation RT: Semiconductor-insulator Robot localization interfaces NT: MOS capacitors Motion artifacts MOSFET BT: Biomedical image Negative bias temperature processing instability Video signal processing

MOS integrated circuits Motion compensation BT: MOSFET circuits BT: Control systems RT: Metal-insulator structures RT: Image communication

MOS transistors Motion control USE: MOSFET BT: Mechanical variables control MOSFET RT: Aerospace control UF: MOS transistors Legged locomotion nMOSFETs Manipulators pMOSFETs Mobile robots BT: Field effect transistors Motor coordination MOS devices Servosystems RT: CMOS technology Structure from motion CMOSFET logic devices Trajectory Gate drivers Trajectory tracking TFETs Velocity control NT: CMOSFETs NT: Collision avoidance FinFETs Collision mitigation Interface states Kinetic theory Junctionless nanowire Motion planning transistors Path planning Visual servoing MOSFET circuits UF: Metal-oxide semiconductor Motion detection field effect transistor BT: Signal detection BT: Circuits RT: Corner detection FET circuits RT: Active inductors Motion estimation Linearization techniques BT: Parameter estimation Operational amplifiers RT: Object tracking Power dissipation Rail to rail amplifiers Motion measurement Rail to rail operation BT: Mechanical variables Threshold voltage measurement NT: CMOSFET circuits RT: Doppler measurement MOS integrated circuits Gaze tracking Power MOSFET Velocity measurement NT: Tracking MOSHFETs Tribology UF: Metal oxide semiconductor heterojunction FETs Motion pictures This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 306 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Cinema Brushless motors Films (Motion pictures) Commutation Movies DC motors BT: Broadcasting Electric motors RT: Cameras Hysteresis motors Cinematography Induction motors Entertainment industry Micromotors Imaging Permanent magnet motors Optical projectors Servomotors Traction motors Motion planning Universal motors BT: Motion control RT: Navigation Moulding equipment Robot control USE: Molding equipment

Motion segmentation Mouse BT: Motion analysis USE: Mice

Motor control Mouth USE: Motor drives BT: Digestive system Head Motor coordination RT: Stomatognathic system BT: Kinematics NT: Teeth RT: Motion control Movies Motor drives USE: Motion pictures UF: Motor control BT: Drives Moving object databases RT: Industrial control USE: Visual databases Mechanical variables control Moving picture experts group Motors USE: MPEG standards Sensorless control Servosystems Moving Pictures Experts Group Torque control BT: IEC Variable speed drives ISO Velocity control Voltage control MP3 USE: Digital audio players AND Motorbikes Portable media players USE: Motorcycles MPEG Motorcycles USE: Transform coding UF: Mopeds Motorbikes MPEG 1 Standard Scooters BT: MPEG standards BT: Road vehicles MPEG 2 Standard Motors BT: MPEG standards BT: Energy conversion Machinery MPEG 4 Standard RT: Coils UF: MPEG4 Motor drives BT: MPEG standards Sensorless control RT: Digital multimedia NT: AC motors broadcasting This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 307 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

High efficiency video coding USE: Materials requirements Streaming media planning Vector quantization Video codecs Mud Video coding USE: Sediments Video signal processing Mufflers MPEG 7 Standard USE: Exhaust systems UF: MPEG7 BT: MPEG standards Multi modal integration RT: Audio coding USE: Multisensory integration Content management Digital multimedia Multi sensory integration broadcasting USE: Multisensory integration Multimedia communication Multimedia systems Multi stage noise shaping USE: Multi-stage noise shaping MPEG standards UF: Moving picture experts Multi-agent models group USE: Multi-agent systems BT: IEC Standards ISO Standards Multi-agent systems RT: Digital multimedia UF: Multi-agent models broadcasting Multiagent models Image coding Multiagent systems Streaming media BT: Adaptive systems Transform coding RT: Agent-based modeling Video codecs Autonomous vehicles Video coding System analysis and design Video signal processing Vehicular automation NT: MPEG 1 Standard NT: Collaborative intelligence MPEG 2 Standard MPEG 4 Standard Multi-carrier code division multiple access MPEG 7 Standard USE: Multicarrier code division multiple access MPEG4 USE: MPEG 4 Standard Multi-casting USE: Multicast communication MPEG7 USE: MPEG 7 Standard Multi-core processing USE: Multicore processing MPLS USE: Multiprotocol label Multi-core processors switching USE: Multicore processing

MPPT Multi-factor authentication USE: Maximum power point BT: Access control trackers RT: Authentication

MRI Multi-hop USE: Magnetic resonance USE: Spread spectrum imaging communication

MRP Multi-layer neural network UF: MNN This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 308 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Neural networks Telecommunications Viterbi algorithm Multi-modal sensors NT: Direct-sequence code- USE: Multimodal sensors division multiple access Frequency division Multi-objective programming multiaccess USE: Pareto optimization Multicarrier code division multiple access Multi-resolution Subscriber loops USE: Multiresolution analysis Time division multiple access Multi-robot systems Time division synchronous UF: Multirobot systems code division multiple access BT: Robotics and automation Multiaccess systems Multi-stage noise shaping USE: Multiaccess communication UF: MASH Multi stage noise shaping Multiagent models Multistage noise shaping USE: Multi-agent systems BT: Noise shaping Multiagent systems Multi-threaded comput* USE: Multi-agent systems USE: Multithreading Multiattrubute optimization Multi-threaded systems USE: Pareto optimization USE: Program processors Multicarrier code division multiple access Multi-threading systems UF: MC-CDMA USE: Program processors MCCDMA Multi-carrier code division Multi-user detection multiple access USE: Multiuser detection BT: Multiaccess communication RT: Code division multiplexing Multi-vibrators Communication channels USE: Multivibrators OFDM Protocols Multiaccess communication Spread spectrum UF: CDMA communication CSMA Telecommunications Carrier sense multiaccess Time division synchronous Code division multiaccess code division multiple access Code division multiple access Multicast algorithms Code-division multiple BT: Algorithms access Code-division multiple- Multicast communication access UF: Multi-casting Multiaccess systems Multicasting Random access BT: Communication systems communication RT: Ad hoc networks BT: Communication systems Multicast protocols RT: 3G mobile communication Optical wavelength Delay estimation conversion Multiplexing Routing OFDM Telecommunications This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 309 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Wavelength division USE: Spread spectrum multiplexing communication NT: Multicast VPN Multilayer perceptrons Multicast protocols BT: Feedforward neural BT: Protocols networks RT: Internet Multicast communication Multilayers Routing protocols USE: Nonhomogeneous media

Multicast VPN Multileaf collimators BT: Multicast communication USE: Collimators

Multicasting Multilevel fast multipole algorithm USE: Multicast communication USE: MLFMA

Multichip modules Multilevel systems BT: Integrated circuit packaging BT: Hierarchical systems Packaging Multilinear systems Multiconductor transmission lines USE: Nonlinear systems BT: Transmission lines RT: Coupled mode analysis Multimedia communication BT: Communication systems Multicore Multimedia systems USE: Multicore processing RT: B-ISDN Broadband communication Multicore processing Diffserv networks UF: Multi-core processing Digital multimedia Multi-core processors broadcasting Multicore Huffman coding BT: Parallel architectures IEEE 802.16 Standard NT: Embedded multicore ISDN processing Intserv networks MPEG 7 Standard Multidimensional signal processing Multimedia computing BT: Signal processing Streaming media RT: Image processing Transcoding NT: Video signal processing Multimedia computing Multidimensional systems BT: Multimedia systems BT: Systems engineering and RT: Audio user interfaces theory Collaborative work Computer graphics Multifilamentary superconductors Computers and information BT: Superconducting materials processing Content management Multifrequency antennas Information systems BT: Antennas Multimedia communication Multimedia databases Multigrid methods Video sequences BT: Numerical analysis Multimedia databases Multihop BT: Database systems Databases This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 310 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Multimedia systems Multiple input multiple output systems RT: Audio databases USE: MIMO communication Huffman coding Multimedia computing multiple input single-output USE: MISO communication Multimedia products USE: Videos Multiple sclerosis BT: Diseases Multimedia systems BT: Consumer electronics Multiple signal classification RT: Authoring systems UF: MUSIC Electronic publishing BT: Noise measurement Huffman coding MPEG 7 Standard Multiple-input multiple-output NT: Multimedia communication USE: MIMO communication Multimedia computing Multimedia databases Multiple-input multiple-output systems USE: MIMO communication Multimodal integraion USE: Multisensory integration multiple-input single output USE: MISO communication Multimodal sensing USE: Multimodal sensors multiple-input single-output USE: MISO communication Multimodal sensors UF: Multi-modal sensors Multiple-input-multiple-output Multimodal sensing USE: MIMO communication BT: Sensors RT: Sensor fusion Multiplexed USE: Multiplexing Multiobjective programming USE: Pareto optimization Multiplexing UF: Multiplexed multiobjective programming BT: Communications USE: Pareto optimization technology RT: Arrayed waveguide gratings Multipath channels Multiaccess communication BT: Communication channels NT: Code division multiplexing RT: Channel estimation Demultiplexing Diversity methods Frequency division Fading channels multiplexing MIMO communication Multiplexing equipment Meteorological factors OFDM Multiuser detection Time division multiplexing Radio propagation Wavelength division Terrain factors multiplexing Ultra wideband communication Multiplexing equipment BT: Multiplexing Multiple access interference RT: Communication equipment BT: OFDM NT: Add-drop multiplexers

Multiple input multiple output Multiplying circuits USE: MIMO communication BT: Circuits RT: Digital integrated circuits This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 311 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Logic circuits Multisensory integration Multiprocessing systems UF: Multi modal integration BT: Parallel processing Multi sensory integration RT: Computer networks Multimodal integraion Computers and information BT: Sense organs processing Concurrency control Multiskilling Distributed computing UF: Job rotation Parallel languages BT: Human resource Parallel programming management Pipeline processing RT: Industrial training NT: Data flow computing Job specification Processor scheduling Vocational training Systolic arrays Multispectral imaging Multiprocessor interconnection BT: Imaging UF: Interconnection networks Parallel processor Multistage noise shaping interconnection USE: Multi-stage noise shaping BT: Computer architecture RT: Computer networks Multistatic radar Data communication BT: Radar Local area networks NT: MIMO radar Metropolitan area networks Wide area networks Multitasking NT: Hypercubes BT: Computers and information processing Multiprocessor interconnection networks NT: Parametric study BT: Computer networks Multithreaded systems Multiprocessor scheduling USE: Program processors USE: Processor scheduling Multithreading Multiprotocol label switching UF: Multi-threaded comput* UF: Label swapping Multithreading comput* MPLS BT: Parallel processing BT: Communication switching Packet switching Multithreading comput* Protocols USE: Multithreading RT: Asynchronous transfer mode Multithreading systems Internet USE: Program processors Routing protocols Multiuser channels Multiresolution analysis BT: Communication channels UF: Multi-resolution BT: Wavelet analysis Multiuser detection UF: Multi-user detection Multirobot systems BT: Signal detection USE: Multi-robot systems RT: Land mobile radio Land mobile radio cellular Multisensor systems systems BT: Sensor fusion Mobile communication RT: Robot sensing systems Multipath channels This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 312 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Spread spectrum Music communication UF: Computer music Musical Multivalued logic BT: Acoustics UF: Many valued logic RT: Audio systems Ternary logic White noise BT: Logic NT: Computer generated music RT: Logic functions Electronic music Musical instrument digital Multivariable systems interfaces USE: MIMO communication Rhythm Timbre Multivariate regression BT: Regression analysis Music information retrieval BT: Information retrieval Multivibrators RT: Cepstral analysis UF: Multi-vibrators BT: Electronic circuits Music recommendation USE: Recommender systems Multiwave mixing BT: Optical mixing Musical USE: Music Munitions USE: Weapons Musical instrument digital interfaces UF: MDDI Muon colliders BT: Computer interfaces UF: Muon sources Music BT: Colliding beam devices RT: Digital communication RT: Luminescence Luminescent devices Mutual conductance Storage rings USE: Transconductance

Muon sources Mutual coupling USE: Muon colliders BT: Electromagnetic coupling

Muons Mutual funds USE: Mesons BT: Financial management

Muscles Mutual information BT: Musculoskeletal system UF: Transinformation NT: Myocardium BT: Information theory Neuromuscular Myelin Musculoskeletal system BT: Nerve fibers BT: Anatomy RT: Axons NT: Cartilage Fascia Myocardial Ligaments USE: Myocardium Muscles Skeleton Myocardium Tendons UF: Myocardial BT: Muscles MUSIC USE: Multiple signal classification Myopia USE: Vision defects This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 313 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Enhanced MySpace magnetoresistance BT: Social network services Magnetoresistance Video sharing Nanoelectronics Web sites Nanowires

NACE International Nanocrystal UF: National Association of USE: Nanocrystals Corrosion Engineers BT: Standards organizations Nanocrystals UF: Nanocrystal NACE Standards BT: Crystalline materials BT: Standards publications Nanoparticles RT: Quantum dots Nails BT: Integumentary system Nanodevices USE: Nanoscale devices Nakagami distribution BT: Probability distribution Nanoelectromechanical systems UF: NEMS NAND flash BT: Nanotechnology USE: Flash memories RT: Microelectromechanical systems Nano devices USE: Nanoscale devices Nanoelectronics UF: Nanoactuators Nano generators BT: Nanotechnology USE: Nanogenerators RT: Graphene devices Molecular electronics Nano ribbons Nanocontacts USE: Nanoribbons NT: Junctionless nanowire transistors Nanoactuators USE: Actuators AND Nanofabrication Nanoelectronics BT: Nanotechnology

Nanobioscience Nanofiltration BT: Biology USE: Filtration Nanotechnology RT: Colloidal lithography Nanofluidics Nanofluidics UF: Nanofluids NT: DNA computing BT: Fluidics Nanobiotechnology Nanotechnology RT: Nanobioscience Nanobiotechnology BT: Nanobioscience Nanofluids RT: Nanomedicine USE: Nanofluidics

Nanocomposites Nanogenerators BT: Nanostructured materials UF: Nano generators RT: Metamaterials BT: Energy harvesting RT: Electric generators Nanocontacts Low-power electronics BT: Nanoscale devices Micromechanical devices Nanowires This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 314 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Piezoelectric devices BT: Nanotechnology Triboelectricity Position control Vibrations Nanopowders Nanoimprint lithography USE: Nanoparticles USE: Nanolithography Nanoribbons Nanolithography UF: Nano ribbons UF: Nanoimprint lithography BT: Nanostructures BT: Lithography Nanotechnology Nanoscale devices RT: Nanopatterning UF: Nano devices Soft lithography Nanodevices BT: Nanotechnology Nanomaterials RT: Single electron devices BT: Nanotechnology NT: Nanocontacts Nanotube devices Nanomedicine Proteotronics BT: Biomedical monitoring Medical diagnosis Nanosensors RT: Cellular biophysics BT: Nanotechnology Nanobiotechnology Sensors Nanoparticles RT: Biomedical equipment Nanoparticles Nanometers Nanostructures UF: Millimicron Nanometres Nanostructured materials BT: Measurement units UF: Core-shelf nanostructures BT: Materials Nanometres Nanotechnology USE: Nanometers NT: Nanocomposites Nanoporous materials Nanoparticles UF: Nanopowders Nanostructures BT: Nanostructures BT: Nanotechnology RT: Nanomedicine RT: Nanosensors Nanosensors NT: Nanoparticles NT: Magnetic nanoparticles Nanoribbons Nanocrystals Nanotubes Nanowires Nanopatterning Semiconductor BT: Nanotechnology nanostructures RT: Nanolithography Nanotopography Nanotechnology Soft lithography RT: Atomic force microscopy NT: Colloidal lithography Epitaxial growth Fluidics Nanophotonics Lithography BT: Nanotechnology Microfabrication Photonics Nanotube devices Power dissipation Nanoporous materials Quantum mechanics BT: Nanostructured materials Semiconductor device manufacture Nanopositioning Single electron devices This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 315 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Very large scale integration BT: US Government agencies NT: Bionanotechnology RT: Space exploration Casimir effect Space missions Molecular computing Space technology Molecular electronics Nanobioscience Nash equilibrium Nanoelectromechanical BT: Game theory systems Nanoelectronics National Aeronautics & Space Administration Nanofabrication USE: NASA Nanofluidics Nanolithography National Aeronautics and Space Administration Nanomaterials USE: NASA Nanopatterning Nanophotonics National Association of Corrosion Engineers Nanopositioning USE: NACE International Nanoscale devices Nanosensors National Bureau of Standards Nanostructured materials USE: NIST Nanostructures Self-assembly National electric code Self-replicating machines UF: National electric safety code Nanotopography BT: ANSI Standards BT: Surface topography RT: Colloidal lithography National electric safety code Nanopatterning USE: National electric code

Nanotube devices National Fire Protection Agency BT: Nanoscale devices USE: NFPA RT: Nanotechnology National Fire Protection Association Nanotubes USE: NFPA BT: Nanostructures NT: Carbon nanotubes National Institute of Standards & Technology Semiconductor nanotubes USE: NIST

Nanowires National Institute of Standards and Technology BT: Nanostructures USE: NIST RT: Junctionless nanowire transistors National security Nanocontacts BT: Terrorism Nanogenerators RT: Cyber warfare Wires National vocational qualification Narrowband USE: Vocational training BT: Bandwidth Communication systems Natural fibers RT: Wideband UF: Natural fibres BT: Textile fibers NASA RT: Cotton UF: National Aeronautics & Wool Space Administration National Aeronautics and Natural fibres Space Administration USE: Natural fibers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 316 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Geomagnetic navigation Natural gas BT: Intelligent transportation BT: Fossil fuels systems RT: Energy resources Vehicular and wireless Fracking technologies Gases RT: Compass Natural gas industry Ground support NT: Liquefied natural gas Location awareness Methane Motion planning Position measurement Natural gas industry Sensor systems BT: Industries NT: Aircraft navigation RT: Natural gas Course correction Petroleum industry Dead reckoning Pipelines Indoor navigation Inertial navigation Natural language Marine navigation USE: Natural languages Radio navigation Satellite navigation systems Natural language processing Sonar navigation UF: NLP BT: Natural languages Nb RT: Pragmatics USE: Niobium Semantic search Semantic technology Nb3Sn Semantics USE: Niobium-tin Semiotics Syntactics NBS NT: Morphology USE: NIST Sentiment analysis NBTI Natural languages USE: Negative bias temperature UF: Natural language instability Natural speech BT: Systems, man, and NC machines cybernetics USE: Computer numerical control RT: Artificial intelligence Computer languages Nd NT: Natural language USE: Neodymium processing Near field communication Natural response UF: NFC USE: Transient response BT: Communication standards Radio communication Natural speech NT: Mobile communication USE: Natural languages Near field radiation pattern Navier-Stokes equations USE: Near-field radiation pattern BT: Differential equations Fluid dynamics Near-field radiation pattern RT: Finite volume methods UF: Near field radiation pattern Viscosity BT: Antenna radiation patterns

Navigation Nearest neighbor methods UF: Direction-finding UF: K-NN methods This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 317 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Nearest neighbor searches Nearest neighbour methods Neodymium compounds k neighbor methods BT: Neodymium k neighbour methods BT: Learning (artificial Neon intelligence) BT: Chemical elements Nonparametric statistics Pattern recognition Neonatology RT: Data mining BT: Medical specialties Pattern classification RT: Pediatrics Pattern clustering Regression analysis Neoplasia Search methods USE: Neoplasms Statistical analysis Neoplasms Nearest neighbor searches UF: Neoplasia USE: Nearest neighbor methods BT: Biological tissues NT: Breast neoplasms Nearest neighbour methods Liver neoplasms USE: Nearest neighbor methods Lung neoplasms Skin neoplasms Neck BT: Body regions Neptunium BT: Chemical elements Needles BT: Mechanical products Nerve cells RT: Biomedical equipment USE: Neurons Textile machinery Nerve endings Negative bias temperature instability BT: Nervous system UF: NBTI BT: MOS devices Nerve fibers BT: Neurons Negative feedback NT: Axons BT: Feedback Myelin

Negative feedback amplifier Nerve tissues USE: Feedback amplifiers BT: Nervous system

Negative feedback loops Nervous system BT: Feedback loop BT: Anatomy RT: Bioelectric phenomena NEMS Computational USE: Nanoelectromechanical neuroscience systems Neural networks Neurological diseases Neodymium Neurology UF: Nd Neuromuscular stimulation BT: Metals Neuropathology NT: Neodymium alloys NT: Autonomic nervous system Neodymium compounds Brain Brain mapping Neodymium alloys Central nervous system BT: Neodymium Cranial RT: Alloying Ganglia This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 318 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Glial cells UF: Internet neutrality Nerve endings Net neutrality Nerve tissues BT: Telecommunication Neural pathways network management Neuroanatomy Neurons Network operating systems Neuroradiology BT: Operating systems Neuroscience RT: Software defined Peripheral nervous system networking Pituitary gland NT: Autonomic systems Spinal cord Spine Network resource management Synapses UF: Dynamic service delivery BT: Resource management Net neutrality Telecommunication USE: Network neutrality network management RT: Land mobile radio cellular Network address translation systems BT: Computer network Mobile communication management Network security Network architecture BT: Computer networks BT: Network topology Security Telecommunication RT: Communication networks network management Network coding NT: Network function virtualization Network servers Network slicing BT: Computer networks

Network coding Network slicing BT: Information theory BT: Network architecture RT: Network security RT: Augmented reality

Network control systems Network synthesis USE: Networked control systems BT: Computer network management Network function virtualization UF: NFV Network theory (graphs) BT: Computer networks BT: Computer science Network architecture Mathematics RT: Application virtualization Physics Cloud computing Intrusion detection Network throughput Servers USE: Throughput Software defined networking Network topology BT: Communications Network interfaces technology BT: Interface phenomena RT: Overlay networks RT: Interface management Telecommunication network topology Network location awareness NT: Complex networks BT: Location awareness Computer network reliability Network architecture Network neutrality This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 319 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Network traffic UF: Neural nets USE: Telecommunication traffic Wavelet neural networks BT: Computational and artificial Network-on-a-chip intelligence USE: Network-on-chip RT: Adaptive systems Artificial intelligence Network-on-chip Associative memory UF: Network-on-a-chip Backpropagation BT: System-on-chip Cybernetics Dynamic programming Networked control systems Nervous system UF: Network control systems Neurophysiology BT: Control systems Nonlinear dynamical RT: Real-time systems systems Pattern classification Neural activity Systems neuroscience UF: Neural oscillation NT: Artificial neural networks BT: Brain Biological neural networks Cellular neural networks Neural chips Feedforward neural USE: Neural network hardware networks Multi-layer neural network Neural engineering Neural network hardware UF: Neuro engineering Radial basis function Neuroengineering networks BT: Biomedical engineering Recurrent neural networks RT: Brain-computer interfaces Intracranial pressure Neural oscillation sensors USE: Neural activity NT: Neural microtechnology Neural nanotechnology Neural pathways Neural prosthesis BT: Nervous system

Neural implants Neural prostheses UF: Brain implants USE: Prosthetics BT: Brain Implants Neural prosthesis BT: Neural engineering Neural microtechnology BT: Neural engineering Neurites UF: Neuronal process Neural nanotechnology BT: Neurons BT: Neural engineering Neuro engineering Neural nets USE: Neural engineering USE: Neural networks Neuro fuzzy networks Neural network hardware USE: Fuzzy neural networks UF: Neural chips BT: Neural networks Neuro imaging RT: Analog integrated circuits USE: Neuroimaging Integrated circuits Neurocontrollers Neuro transmitters USE: Neurotransmitters Neural networks This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 320 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Neuro-feedback Neurological diseases USE: Neurofeedback UF: Neurological disorders BT: Diseases Neuro-fuzzy networks RT: Nervous system USE: Fuzzy neural networks Neurological disorders Neuro-imaging USE: Neurological diseases USE: Neuroimaging Neurology Neuro-transmitters BT: Medical specialties USE: Neurotransmitters RT: Nervous system

Neuroanatomy Neuromodulation BT: Anatomy BT: Neurons Nervous system Physiology RT: Control systems Neurocontrollers NT: Neurostimulation BT: Intelligent control RT: Artificial intelligence Neuromorphic engineering Microcontrollers BT: Neuromorphics Neural network hardware RT: Artificial neural networks Synapses Neurodynamics BT: Brain Neuromorphics RT: Neurophysiology BT: Very large scale integration RT: Analog circuits Neuroengineering NT: Neuromorphic engineering USE: Neural engineering Neuromuscular Neurofeedback BT: Muscles UF: Neuro-feedback BT: Feedback Neuromuscular stimulation UF: Functional electrical Neuroglia stimulation USE: Glial cells BT: Medical treatment RT: Nervous system Neuroimaging UF: Neuro imaging Neuronal networks Neuro-imaging USE: Biological neural networks BT: Biomedical image processing Neuronal process Brain mapping USE: Neurites RT: Neuroradiology NT: Functional neuroimaging Neurone USE: Neurons Neuroinformatics BT: Bioinformatics Neurons Informatics UF: Nerve cells Neuroscience Neurone RT: Analytical models BT: Nervous system Big Data RT: Action potentials Computational modeling Synapses Data science NT: Dendrites (neurons) Synapses Nerve fibers Neurites This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 321 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Neuromodulation Transcranial magnetic Photoreceptors stimulation

Neuropathic pain Neurosurgery BT: Pain BT: Surgery

Neuropathology Neurotechnology BT: Pathology BT: Brain RT: Nervous system Technology

Neurophysiology Neurotransmission BT: Brain USE: Neurotransmitters RT: Biomedical signal processing Neurotransmitters Microelectrodes UF: Neuro transmitters Neural networks Neuro-transmitters Neurodynamics Neurotransmission Science - general Synaptic transmission NT: Biological neural networks BT: Transmitters Neuroplasticity RT: Synapses

Neuroplasticity Neutrino UF: Brain plasticity USE: Neutrino sources Cortical plasticity BT: Neurophysiology Neutrino sources UF: Neutrino Neuropsychology Neutrinos BT: Brain BT: Elementary particles Psychology RT: Radioactive materials

Neuroradiology Neutrinos BT: Nervous system USE: Neutrino sources Radiology RT: Electromagnetics Neutron beams Neuroimaging USE: Particle beams

Neuroscience Neutron capture therapy BT: Nervous system UF: BNCT Science - general Boron neutron capture NT: Clinical neuroscience therapy Cognitive neuroscience BT: Medical treatment Computational RT: Biological effects of neuroscience radiation Neuroinformatics Dosimetry Systems neuroscience Transcranial direct current Neutron radiation effects stimulation BT: Radiation effects Transcranial magnetic stimulation Neutron scattering USE: Neutron spin echo Neurostimulation BT: Neuromodulation Neutron spin echo RT: Microelectrodes UF: Neutron scattering NT: Transcranial direct current BT: Spectroscopy stimulation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 322 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Neutrons Pervasive computing BT: Elementary particles Quality of service RT: Cosmic rays Telecommunications

Newborns Next generation networks USE: Pediatrics USE: Next generation networking

Newton Fourier method Next-generation networks USE: Newton method USE: Next generation networking

Newton method NFB UF: Newton Fourier method USE: Feedback amplifiers Newton Raphson method Newton's method NFC Newton-Fourier method USE: Near field communication Newton-Raphson method Newtons method NFPA BT: Numerical analysis UF: National Fire Protection RT: Optimization methods Agency Poles and zeros National Fire Protection Association Newton Raphson method BT: Standards organizations USE: Newton method NFV Newton's method USE: Network function USE: Newton method virtualization

Newton-Fourier method NGN USE: Newton method USE: Next generation networking

Newton-Raphson method NGNA USE: Newton method USE: Next generation networking

Newtons method Ni USE: Newton method USE: Nickel

Next generation network architecture Nickel USE: Next generation networking UF: Ni BT: Metals Next generation networking NT: Nickel alloys UF: 21CN Nickel compounds 21st century networks NGN Nickel alloys NGNA BT: Nickel Next generation network RT: Alloying architecture Next generation networks Nickel cadmium batteries Next-generation networks BT: Batteries BT: Computer networks RT: 3G mobile communication Nickel compounds 4G mobile communication BT: Nickel 5G mobile communication IP networks Night vision Internet BT: Infrared imaging Packet switching RT: Image sensors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 323 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Military equipment USE: Nuclear magnetic resonance Niobium UF: Nb NMR imaging BT: Metals USE: Magnetic resonance RT: Type II superconductors imaging NT: Niobium alloys Niobium compounds Noise BT: Signal processing Niobium alloys RT: Autoregressive processes BT: Niobium Cyclic redundancy check RT: Alloying Distortion NT: Niobium-tin Electromagnetic interference Niobium compounds Interference BT: Niobium Noise generators Noise measurement Niobium-tin Roundoff errors UF: Nb3Sn NT: 1/f noise BT: Niobium alloys Additive noise Superconducting materials Colored noise Tin alloys Gaussian noise Laser noise NISO Standards Low-frequency noise BT: Standards publications Noise cancellation Phase noise NIST Signal to noise ratio UF: NBS Superconducting device National Bureau of noise Standards White noise National Institute of Standards & Technology Noise abatement National Institute of USE: Noise reduction Standards and Technology BT: Standards organizations Noise cancellation US Department of UF: Noise cancellers Commerce BT: Acoustic noise Noise NIST Standards RT: Filtering BT: Standards publications Noise cancellers Nitrogen USE: Noise cancellation BT: Chemical elements Gases Noise figure NT: Silicon nitride BT: Noise measurement RT: Signal to noise ratio NLP USE: Natural language Noise generators processing BT: Signal generators RT: Noise nMOSFETs USE: MOSFET Noise level BT: Acoustic noise NMR Noise measurement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 324 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Noisy BT: Measurement Non-parametric statistics RT: Distortion measurement USE: Nonparametric statistics Electric variables measurement Non-united-states activities Noise USE: IEEE Professional activities Packet loss NT: Multiple signal classification Non-volatile memory Noise figure USE: Nonvolatile memory Noise shaping Non-volatile single electron memory Noise reduction USE: Nonvolatile single electron UF: Audio enhancement memory De-noising Denoising Non-volatile single-electron memory Noise abatement USE: Nonvolatile single electron BT: Acoustic noise memory NT: Active noise reduction Noise robustness Nonconductive adhesives Wiener filters BT: Adhesives

Noise robust Nondestructive testing USE: Noise robustness BT: Materials testing RT: Acoustic emission Noise robustness Ultrasonic transducers UF: Noise robust NT: Magnetic flux leakage BT: Noise reduction Nondeterministic polynomial-time hard Noise shaping USE: NP-hard problem UF: Noise-shaping BT: Noise measurement Nongyroscopes NT: Multi-stage noise shaping USE: Gyroscopes

Noise-shaping Nonhomogeneous media USE: Noise shaping UF: Composite media Inhomogeneous media Noisy Layered media USE: Noise measurement Multilayers Periodic media NOMA Stratified media UF: non-orthogonal multiple BT: Media access RT: Random media BT: Communication systems RT: MIMO communication Noninvasive diagnosis OFDM USE: Noninvasive treatment Radio communication Noninvasive measurement Non relational databases USE: Noninvasive treatment USE: NoSQL databases Noninvasive surgery Non-gyroscopes USE: Noninvasive treatment USE: Gyroscopes Noninvasive technique non-orthogonal multiple access USE: Noninvasive treatment USE: NOMA This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 325 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Noninvasive treatment Mathematics UF: Noninvasive diagnosis RT: Algebra Noninvasive measurement Linear approximation Noninvasive surgery Nonlinear systems Noninvasive technique Numerical analysis BT: Medical treatment NT: Bifurcation NT: Embolization Nonlinear filters Nonlinear acoustics BT: Filters BT: Acoustics RT: Detectors RT: Acoustic distortion Phase locked loops Nonlinear wave propagation Nonlinear magnetics BT: Magnetics Nonlinear circuits RT: Ferroresonance BT: Circuits RT: Chaos Nonlinear network analysis Mixers BT: Circuit analysis Power conversion Nonlinear circuits Rail to rail inputs Rail to rail outputs Nonlinear optical devices NT: Nonlinear network analysis BT: Nonlinear optics RT: Optical detectors Nonlinear control systems BT: Control systems Nonlinear optics RT: Control nonlinearities BT: Optics Piecewise linear techniques RT: Electrooptic effects Pattern formation Nonlinear distortion Photonic crystals BT: Distortion Thermal lensing RT: Limiting NT: Fiber nonlinear optics Predistortion Nonlinear optical devices NT: Harmonic distortion Optical mixing Intermodulation distortion Optical saturation Photorefractive effect Nonlinear dynamical systems Raman scattering UF: Nonlinear dynamics Supercontinuum generation BT: Nonlinear systems RT: Chaos Nonlinear systems Econophysics UF: Bilinear systems Fuzzy sets Multilinear systems Kalman filters BT: Mathematics Neural networks RT: Control systems Pattern formation Linear approximation Possibility theory Manipulators Predator prey systems Mobile robots Spatiotemporal phenomena Nonlinear equations Uncertainty Robots NT: Chaos Nonlinear dynamics Nonlinear dynamical USE: Nonlinear dynamical systems systems Nonlinear wave propagation Nonlinear equations BT: Propagation BT: Equations RT: Nonlinear acoustics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 326 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Nonparametric statistics NoSQL databases UF: Non-parametric statistics UF: Non relational databases BT: Statistics Nonrelational databases NT: Nearest neighbor methods BT: Database systems RT: Big Data Nonrelational databases Data structures USE: NoSQL databases Data warehouses Distributed databases Nonuniform electric fields Linked data BT: Electric fields Query processing

Nonuniform sampling Notch filters BT: Sampling methods UF: Band-stop filters BT: Filters Nonuniform transmission lines USE: Distributed parameter Notice of Violation circuits BT: IEEE publications RT: Intellectual property Nonvolatile memories Plagiarism USE: Nonvolatile memory NP hard problem Nonvolatile memory USE: NP-hard problem UF: Non-volatile memory Nonvolatile memories NP-C BT: Memory USE: NP-complete problem NT: Nonvolatile single electron memory NP-complete problem UF: NP-C Nonvolatile single electron memory BT: Complexity theory UF: Non-volatile single electron memory NP-hard problem Non-volatile single-electron UF: NP hard problem memory Nondeterministic Nonvolatile single-electron polynomial-time hard memory BT: Complexity theory BT: Nonvolatile memory NT: Traveling salesman problems Nonvolatile single-electron memory USE: Nonvolatile single electron Nuclear and plasma sciences memory NT: Biomedical applications of radiation Normal distribution Colliding beam devices USE: Gaussian distribution Electron emission Elementary particles North America Fusion power generation BT: Continents Fusion reactors Gamma-rays North Pole Gas discharge devices BT: Arctic High energy physics instrumentation computing Nose Ion beam applications BT: Head Ion emission Sense organs Nuclear electronics NT: Olfactory Nuclear imaging This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 327 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Nuclear medicine Nuclear physics Nuclear magnetic resonance Particle accelerators UF: NMR Particle beam handling BT: Magnetic resonance Particle beam injection Plasmas Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging Radiation effects USE: Magnetic resonance Radiation hardening imaging (electronics) Radiation monitoring Nuclear measurements Radiation safety BT: Measurement Reactor instrumentation RT: Atomic measurements Scintillation counters CAMAC Thermionic emission Fastbus Position sensitive particle Nuclear batteries detectors USE: Atomic batteries Radiation detectors Spectroscopy Nuclear bombs NT: Particle tracking USE: Nuclear weapons Nuclear medicine Nuclear electronics BT: Engineering in medicine BT: Nuclear and plasma and biology sciences Nuclear and plasma RT: FET circuits sciences High energy physics RT: Energy resolution instrumentation computing Gamma-rays Nuclear imaging Nuclear facility licensing Positron emission USE: Nuclear facility regulation tomography

Nuclear facility regulation Nuclear phase transformations UF: Licensing (nuclear facilities) UF: Nuclear phase transitions Nuclear facility licensing Phase transformations, BT: Power industry nuclear RT: Radioactive waste Phase transitions, nuclear BT: Nuclear physics Nuclear fission RT: Nuclear thermodynamics USE: Fission reactors Nuclear phase transitions Nuclear fuels USE: Nuclear phase BT: Energy resources transformations Fuels Radioactive materials Nuclear physics RT: Nuclear power generation BT: Nuclear and plasma Radioactive waste sciences RT: Hafnium Nuclear imaging NT: Alpha particles UF: Gamma-ray imaging Beta rays BT: Imaging Ignition Nuclear and plasma Ion sources sciences Isotopes RT: Nuclear medicine Nuclear phase Radiography transformations NT: Energy resolution Nuclear thermodynamics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 328 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Relativistic effects Matlab Nonlinear equations Nuclear Power Generating Stations Numerical models USE: Nuclear power generation Transforms NT: Adaptive mesh refinement Nuclear power generation Approximation methods UF: Nuclear Power Generating Convergence of numerical Stations methods BT: Power generation Finite difference methods RT: Nuclear fuels Finite element analysis NT: Atomic batteries Finite volume methods Fission reactors Gradient methods Fusion power generation Independent component analysis Nuclear reactors (fission) Iterative methods USE: Fission reactors Least squares approximation Nuclear reactors (fusion) Method of moments USE: Fusion reactors Mode matching methods Multigrid methods Nuclear thermodynamics Newton method BT: Nuclear physics Numerical simulation RT: Elementary particles Numerical stability Entropy Relaxation methods Nuclear phase Sparse matrices transformations Splines (mathematics) Phase change materials Surface fitting Symmetric matrices Nuclear wastes Transmission line matrix USE: Radioactive pollution methods

Nuclear weapons Numerical models UF: Nuclear bombs BT: Modeling BT: Weapons RT: Numerical analysis

Null space Numerical simulation BT: Kernel BT: Numerical analysis RT: Modeling Null value Plasma simulation UF: Nullvalue Simulation BT: Data structures RT: Programming Numerical stability BT: Numerical analysis Nullvalue RT: Algorithms USE: Null value Nursing Numerical analysis USE: Medical services BT: Mathematics RT: Convolution Nuts (fasteners) Deconvolution USE: Fasteners Difference equations Differential equations NVQ Error analysis USE: Vocational training Integral equations Inverse problems Nylon fiber This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 329 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Synthetic fibers BT: Machine vision RT: Image matching O-rings Image recognition USE: Structural rings Object tracking Robot vision systems OATS NT: Target recognition USE: Open area test sites Object segmentation Obesity BT: Machine vision BT: Medical conditions NT: Subspace constraints

Obituaries Object tracking BT: IEEE indexing BT: Tracking RT: Cinematography Object detection Image motion analysis UF: Image object detection Image segmentation Target detection Motion estimation BT: Image analysis Object recognition RT: Image matching Trajectory Internet of Things Video signal processing Magnetic anomaly detection Object-oriented programming Magnetic anomaly USE: Object oriented detectors programming Robot vision systems NT: Buried object detection Observability Time difference of arrival BT: Control theory

Object oriented databases Observatories BT: Database systems BT: Astronomy Databases RT: Telescopes RT: Object oriented methods Observers Object oriented methods BT: State estimation BT: Programming RT: Machine vision RT: Object oriented databases NT: Disturbance observers Object oriented Earth Observing System programming Obstacle avoidance Object oriented modeling USE: Collision avoidance BT: Modeling Occipital Lobe Object oriented programming BT: Brain UF: Object-oriented programming Occupational health BT: Programming UF: Health (occupational) RT: C languages BT: Health and safety C# languages RT: Accidents Object oriented methods Biological effects of Software libraries radiation Software reusability Domestic safety NT: Dispatching Electric shock Employee welfare Object recognition Environmental factors UF: Image object recognition Ergonomics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 330 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Eye protection Occupational medicine Ocean technology Occupational safety USE: Marine technology Pollution Protective clothing Ocean temperature Radioactive materials UF: Sea surface temperature Risk analysis BT: Oceanic engineering and Safety marine technology Toxicology Oceans Working environment noise RT: Global warming NT: Occupational stress Land surface temperature

Occupational medicine Ocean vegetation BT: Medical services USE: Marine vegetation RT: Medical diagnosis Medical treatment Ocean waves Occupational health BT: Hydrology NT: Sea state Occupational pensions Wave power USE: Pensions Oceanic engineering and marine technology Occupational safety NT: Marine navigation UF: OSHA Marine technology BT: Health and safety Ocean temperature RT: Accidents Oceanographic techniques Domestic safety Water pollution Electric shock Employee welfare Oceanographic techniques Eye protection BT: Oceanic engineering and Industrial accidents marine technology Occupational health RT: Acoustic imaging Protection Hydrologic measurements Protective clothing Radar applications Radioactive materials Remote sensing Risk analysis Working environment noise Oceanography UF: Marine science Occupational stress Oceanology BT: Occupational health BT: Geoscience RT: Employee welfare RT: Oceans Hazards Oceanology OCDM USE: Oceanography USE: Code division multiplexing Oceans Ocean animals UF: Ocean composition USE: Marine animals Planetary oceans BT: Geoscience Ocean composition RT: Geophysics USE: Oceans Marine technology Oceanography Ocean salinity Sea ice BT: Oceans Sea measurements RT: Salinity (geophysical) Water NT: SMOS mission NT: Ocean salinity This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 331 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Ocean temperature Electronic mail Sea coast Information systems Sea floor Local area networks Sea level Microcomputers Sea surface Teleconferencing Tides Text processing Unsolicited electronic mail OCR Voice mail USE: Optical character NT: Workflow management recognition software software

Octrees Offshore distribution systems BT: Data structures USE: Offshore installations

OFDM Offshore installations UF: Orthogonal frequency UF: Gas platforms division multiple access Offshore distribution Orthogonal frequency systems division multiplexing Offshore power plants BT: Multiplexing Oil platforms RT: 3G mobile communication BT: Structural engineering Acoustic communication RT: Oil drilling (telecommunication) Petroleum industry Communication channels Power industry Digital signal processing MIMO communication Offshore power plants Modulation USE: Offshore installations Multiaccess communication Multicarrier code division OGC multiple access USE: Open Geospatial NOMA Consortium NT: Multiple access interference OFDM modulation Ohmic contacts Partial transmit sequences BT: Contacts Peak to average power RT: Linear circuits ratio Ohmmeters OFDM modulation USE: Electrical resistance BT: OFDM measurement

OFETs Oil drilling UF: Organic FETS UF: Drilling oil Organic field effect BT: Petroleum industry transistors RT: Drilling Organic field-effect Fuel processing industries transistors Offshore installations BT: Field effect transistors Technology Well logging Office automation BT: Automation Oil filled cables RT: Bring your own device BT: Oil insulation Communication systems RT: Cable insulation Data communication Desktop publishing Oil filters Document handling USE: Lubricating oils This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 332 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Lubricating oils Oil industry Vegetable oils USE: Petroleum industry OLED Oil insulation USE: Organic light emitting UF: Transformer oil diodes BT: Insulation RT: Oils Olfactory NT: Oil filled cables BT: Nose

Oil platforms Olfactory bulb USE: Offshore installations BT: Forebrain Sense organs Oil pollution BT: Pollution Oligopoly RT: Accidents BT: Economics Land pollution RT: Game theory Marine pollution Microeconomics Oils Petroleum Omnidirectional antennas Petroleum industry BT: Antennas

Oil refineries On demand software BT: Petroleum industry USE: Software as a service

Oil sands On load tap changers USE: Hydrocarbons UF: Load tap changers On-load tap changers Oil shale Onload tap changers USE: Hydrocarbons BT: Power transformers RT: Voltage control Oil tanks USE: Fuel storage On the job training UF: On-the-job training Oiling (lubrication) BT: Training USE: Lubricating oils RT: Industrial training

Oils On-chip BT: Materials USE: System-on-chip RT: Engines Fats On-demand software Fluids USE: Software AND Fractionation Software as a service Fuel processing industries Insulation On-line services Marine pollution USE: Online services Mechanical factors Mechanical power On-load tap changers transmission USE: On load tap changers Oil insulation Oil pollution On-the-job training Petroleum USE: On the job training Petroleum industry Pipelines Oncological surgery Water pollution UF: Otologic surgery This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 333 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Surgery oncology USE: Ontologies BT: Surgery RT: Cancer ONU Oncology USE: Optical network units

Oncology OOO BT: Medical specialties USE: Out of order RT: Cancer Chemotherapy Op amp Oncological surgery USE: Operational amplifiers Tumors Open Access Online banking BT: Open systems UF: E-banking Publishing E-currency NT: Public domain software Electronic banking Electronic currency Open area test sites Internet banking UF: OATS Virtual currency BT: Test facilities BT: Banking RT: Electromagnetic Online services compatibility and interference RT: Bitcoin Electromagnetic Cryptocurrency interference Electronic commerce Immunity testing Military equipment Online indexing USE: Indexing Open Educational Resources BT: Education courses Online services Open systems UF: Inverted classroom On-line services Open Geospatial Consortium Reverse teaching UF: OGC BT: Information retrieval BT: Standards Organizations RT: Cloud gaming Google Open loop control Internet USE: Open loop systems NT: Online banking Open loop systems Online voting UF: Open loop control USE: Electronic voting BT: Control systems RT: Feedforward systems Onload tap changers Operational amplifiers USE: On load tap changers Open source hardware Ontologies UF: Opensource hardware UF: Ontology BT: Hardware BT: Knowledge representation RT: Linked data Open source software Ranking (statistics) UF: Open-source Semantic Web BT: Software Semantic search RT: Public domain software Thesauri NT: Description logic Open systems UF: OSI Ontology This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 334 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Computers and information RT: FET circuits processing Linearization techniques System analysis and design MOSFET circuits RT: Common Information Model Open loop systems (electricity) NT: Feedback amplifiers Computer networks Internetworking Operations research Interoperability BT: Business Local area networks RT: Linear programming Metropolitan area networks Management Standards Optimization methods Wide area networks Principal component NT: Open Access analysis Open Educational Resource management Resources Statistics Physical layer TOPSIS NT: Inventory control Open wireless architecture Virtual enterprises UF: OWA BT: Wireless communication Opportunistic software systems development Open-source BT: Programming USE: Open source software OPT Opensource hardware USE: Optimized production USE: Open source hardware technology

Operating cost reduction Optic flow USE: Costing USE: Optical flow

Operating systems Optical add-drop multiplexers UF: Computer operating UF: ROADMS systems BT: Add-drop multiplexers Executive programs Robot operating systems Optical amplification Supervisory programs USE: Stimulated emission BT: System software RT: Computer security Optical amplifiers Cyber-physical systems BT: Optics Program processors RT: Erbium Software defined NT: Doped fiber amplifiers networking Erbium-doped fiber System recovery amplifiers NT: Booting Semiconductor optical Embedded systems amplifiers Input-output programs Kernel Optical arrays Microsoft Windows BT: Optical devices Network operating systems RT: Micromirrors System kernels Phased arrays

Operational amplifiers Optical attenuators UF: Op amp UF: Variable optical attenuators BT: Active circuits BT: Attenuators Amplifiers Optical devices This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 335 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Optical communication Optical components equipment USE: Optical devices Optical losses Optical computing Optical beam splitting BT: Computers and information BT: Optical beams processing

Optical beams Optical control BT: Beams BT: Control systems RT: Bragg gratings RT: Optical switches Laser beams NT: Lighting control Laser theory Optical variables control NT: Optical beam splitting Optical coupling Optical bistability BT: Electromagnetic coupling UF: Bistability (optical) RT: Optical fiber couplers BT: Electrooptic effects RT: Electrooptic devices Optical crosstalk Optical switches BT: Optics RT: Optical fiber communication Optical buffering BT: Optical fiber communication Optical design BT: Optics Optical burst switching RT: Laser theory BT: Burst switching NT: Optical design techniques

Optical character recognition software Optical design techniques UF: OCR BT: Optical design BT: Software RT: Design methodology NT: High-speed optical Optical cloaking techniques UF: Metamaterial cloaking BT: Metamaterials Optical detectors Optical materials BT: Optical sensors RT: Nonlinear optical devices Optical code division multiplexing NT: Bar codes USE: Code division multiplexing Optical device fabrication Optical coherence tomography BT: Fabrication BT: Tomography Optical devices RT: Eyes RT: Electronic equipment manufacture Optical collimators BT: Optical devices Optical devices UF: Optical components Optical communication BT: Optics USE: Optical fiber communication RT: Biomedical optical imaging Gratings Optical communication equipment Optical materials BT: Communication equipment NT: Bragg gratings RT: Biomedical optical imaging Collimators Optical attenuators Displays Optical switches Holographic optical NT: Optical transmitters components Lenses This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 336 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Light deflectors Optical fibre cables Lighting BT: Cables Luminescent devices RT: Optical fiber applications Mirrors Splicing Optical arrays Optical attenuators Optical fiber communication Optical collimators UF: Infrared communication Optical device fabrication Optical communication Optical filters Optical fibre communication Optical resonators Optical links Optical sensors BT: Communication systems Thermooptical devices RT: Avalanche photodiodes Broadband communication Optical diffraction Indoor communication BT: Electromagnetic diffraction Optical crosstalk RT: Photonic band gap Optical fiber applications NT: Diffraction gratings Optical transmitters Silicon photonics Optical distortion Synchronous digital BT: Optics hierarchy RT: Lasers NT: FDDI Optical noise Free-space optical Thermal lensing communication Optical buffering Optical distortion measurement Optical fiber networks USE: Distortion measurement Optical fiber subscriber loops Optical engineering Optical interconnections BT: Engineering - general Optical packet switching Optics Optical wavelength RT: Optical materials conversion SONET Optical feedback Scheduling algorithms BT: Image processing Visible light communication RT: Distributed feedback devices Optical fiber couplers UF: Optical fibre couplers Optical fiber amplifiers BT: Optical fibers UF: Optical fibre amplifiers RT: Optical coupling BT: Optical fibers RT: Amplifiers Optical fiber devices UF: Optical fibre devices Optical fiber applications BT: Optical fiber applications UF: Optical fibre applications RT: Optical fibers BT: Optics NT: Optical fiber sensors RT: Channel spacing Code division multiplexing Optical fiber dispersion Optical fiber cables UF: Optical fibre dispersion Optical fiber communication BT: Dispersion Optical fibers NT: Optical fiber devices Optical fiber filters BT: Optical filters Optical fiber cables UF: Communication cables Optical fiber LAN (optical) This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 337 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Optical fiber local area UF: FTTH network Fiber-in-the-loop Optical fibre LAN Optical fibre subscriber Optical fibre local area loops network BT: Optical fiber communication BT: Optical fiber networks Optical fiber testing Optical fiber local area network UF: Optical fibre testing USE: Optical fiber LAN BT: Testing RT: Optical fibers Optical fiber loss USE: Optical fiber losses Optical fiber theory UF: Optical fibre theory Optical fiber losses BT: Optical fibers UF: Optical fiber loss RT: Electromagnetic field theory Optical fibre losses BT: Optical fibers Optical fibers UF: Optical fibres Optical fiber networks BT: Fiber optics UF: Elastic optical networks Optical waveguides Optical fibre networks RT: Electromagnetic Optical networks waveguides Optical-fiber networks Optical fiber applications Optical-fibre networks Optical fiber devices BT: Optical fiber communication Optical fiber testing RT: Light fidelity Optical materials NT: All-optical networks Optical propagation LAN emulation Optical waveguide theory Optical fiber LAN Optical wavelength Optical network units conversion Passive optical networks Supercontinuum generation Protection switching Temperature sensors Wavelength assignment NT: Optical fiber amplifiers Optical fiber couplers Optical fiber polarization Optical fiber losses UF: Optical fibre polarisation Optical fiber polarization Polarization-maintaining Optical fiber theory optical fibers Plastic optical fiber BT: Optical fibers Wavelength conversion RT: Optical fiber sensors Optical interferometry Optical fibre amplifiers NT: Polarization mode USE: Optical fiber amplifiers dispersion Optical fibre applications Optical fiber sensors USE: Optical fiber applications UF: Fiber optic sensors Fibre optic sensors Optical fibre cables Optical fibre sensors USE: Optical fiber cables BT: Optical fiber devices Optical sensors Optical fibre communication RT: Optical fiber polarization USE: Optical fiber communication Partial discharge measurement Optical fibre couplers USE: Optical fiber couplers Optical fiber subscriber loops This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 338 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Optical fibre devices USE: Optical fiber devices Optical frequency conversion BT: Frequency conversion Optical fibre dispersion USE: Optical fiber dispersion Optical gratings USE: Gratings Optical fibre LAN USE: Optical fiber LAN Optical harmonic generation UF: Optical frequency combs Optical fibre local area network BT: Optics USE: Optical fiber LAN Optical heterodyning Optical fibre losses USE: Optical mixing USE: Optical fiber losses Optical imaging Optical fibre networks BT: Imaging USE: Optical fiber networks RT: Infrared imaging Microscopy Optical fibre polarisation Remote sensing USE: Optical fiber polarization NT: Optical flow Optical projectors Optical fibre sensors Talbot effect USE: Optical fiber sensors Thermoreflectance imaging

Optical fibre subscriber loops Optical interconnections USE: Optical fiber subscriber UF: Optical interconnects loops BT: Optical fiber communication

Optical fibre testing Optical interconnects USE: Optical fiber testing USE: Optical interconnections

Optical fibre theory Optical interferometry USE: Optical fiber theory UF: Light interferometry BT: Interferometry Optical fibres RT: Optical fiber polarization USE: Optical fibers Speckle Talbot effect Optical films BT: Films Optical lattices RT: Integrated optics USE: Lattices Optical materials Optical links Optical filters USE: Optical fiber communication BT: Optical devices RT: Photography Optical losses NT: Optical fiber filters BT: Optics RT: Loss measurement Optical flow Optical attenuators UF: Optic flow Optical scattering BT: Optical imaging Relativistic effects Optical materials BT: Materials Optical frequency combs RT: Glass USE: Optical harmonic Indium tin oxide generation Lenses This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 339 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Magnesium oxide BT: Optical fiber networks Metamaterials Mirrors Optical networks Optical devices USE: Optical fiber networks Optical engineering Optical fibers Optical noise Optical films BT: Integrated circuit noise Optics RT: Optical distortion Organic inorganic hybrid NT: Speckle materials Phase change materials Optical packet switching Photonic crystals BT: Optical fiber communication SIMO communication NT: Optical cloaking Optical planar waveguides Optical polymers BT: Optical waveguides Optical retarders Optical superlattices Optical polarisation Photorefractive materials USE: Optical polarization

Optical measurements Optical polarization USE: Optical variables UF: Light polarisation measurement Light polarization Optical polarisation Optical metamaterials BT: Optics UF: Photonic metamaterials RT: Photoelasticity BT: Metamaterials NT: Polarization shift keying RT: Electromagnetic Stokes parameters metamaterials Optical polymers Optical metrology BT: Optical materials BT: Metrology Polymers

Optical microscopy Optical projectors BT: Optics UF: projectors (optical) BT: Optical imaging Optical mixing Video equipment UF: Optical heterodyning RT: Image processing BT: Nonlinear optics Micromirrors Optics Motion pictures RT: Photorefractive materials NT: Multiwave mixing Optical propagation UF: Infrared propagation Optical modulation BT: Electromagnetic BT: Modulation propagation RT: Indoor communication RT: Optical fibers Microwave photonics Thermooptic effects Optical transmitters NT: Optical surface waves NT: Electrooptic modulators Optical waveguides Intensity modulation Optical pulse compression Optical multilayers BT: Pulse compression USE: Optical superlattices methods

Optical network units Optical pulse generation UF: ONU BT: Pulse generation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 340 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Optical pulse shaping Optical ring resonators Optical pulse shaping UF: Ring resonators BT: Pulse shaping methods BT: Optical resonators RT: Optical pulse generation Optical saturation Optical pulses BT: Nonlinear optics BT: Optics Optics

Optical pumping Optical scan voting systems BT: Laser excitation BT: Electronic voting systems

Optical radar Optical scattering USE: Laser radar BT: Electromagnetic scattering RT: Laser radar Optical receivers Light scattering BT: Receivers Optical losses Optical reflection Optical recording Speckle BT: Recording RT: Laser applications Optical sensors NT: CD recording BT: Optical devices Sensors Optical reflection RT: Image sensors BT: Electromagnetic reflection NT: Optical detectors RT: Mirrors Optical fiber sensors Optical scattering Reflectivity Optical signal detection Reflectometry BT: Signal detection Thermooptic effects RT: Photodetectors

Optical refraction Optical signal processing BT: Physical optics BT: Signal processing RT: Photorefractive effect NT: Laser noise Photorefractive materials Refractive index Optical solitons Thermooptic effects BT: Optics Solitons Optical regenerators RT: Optical vortices USE: Repeaters Optical superlattices Optical resonators UF: Optical multilayers BT: Optical devices BT: Optical materials RT: Digital filters Superlattices Laser cavity resonators Resonance Optical surface waves NT: Microcavities BT: Optical propagation Optical ring resonators Optical switch Optical retarders USE: Optical switches UF: Half-wave plates Quarter-wave plates Optical switches BT: Optical materials UF: Optical switch Optics BT: Switches RT: Polarimetry RT: Optical bistability This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 341 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Optical communication Optical waveguide theory equipment BT: Optical waveguides Optical control RT: Optical fibers Photothyristors Smart pixels Optical waveguides Thermooptical devices BT: Optical propagation Waveguide components Optical transmitters RT: Electrooptic modulators BT: Optical communication Integrated optics equipment Photonic crystals Transmitters NT: Arrayed waveguide gratings RT: Bragg gratings Electrooptical waveguides Diodes Optical fibers Optical fiber communication Optical planar waveguides Optical modulation Optical waveguide Photodiodes components Semiconductor lasers Optical waveguide theory Semiconductor optical amplifiers Optical wavelength conversion BT: Optical fiber communication Optical tuning Signal processing BT: Optics RT: Multicast communication Tuning Optical fibers RT: Laser tuning Telecommunications

Optical variables control Optical-fiber networks BT: Optical control USE: Optical fiber networks RT: Frequency control Phase control Optical-fibre networks USE: Optical fiber networks Optical variables measurement UF: Optical measurements Optics BT: Measurement BT: Lasers and electrooptics RT: Frequency measurement RT: Erbium Phase measurement Fourier transforms Reflectometry Laser theory Wavelength measurement Magnetooptic effects NT: Ellipsometry Optical materials Photometry NT: Adaptive optics Reflection coefficient Birefringence Refractive index Brightness Color Optical vortex Electron optics USE: Optical vortices Extinction coefficients Fiber optics Optical vortices Fluorescence UF: Optical vortex Four-wave mixing Vortices, optical Geometrical optics BT: Physical optics Integrated optics RT: Laser beams Light sources Optical solitons Luminescence Microoptics Optical waveguide components Nonlinear optics BT: Optical waveguides Optical amplifiers Optical crosstalk This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 342 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Optical design RT: Doping profiles Optical devices Least squares Optical distortion approximation Optical engineering Minimization Optical fiber applications Parametric study Optical harmonic Performance analysis generation TOPSIS Optical losses NT: Cost function Optical microscopy Optimal scheduling Optical mixing Optimization methods Optical polarization Trajectory optimization Optical pulses Optical retarders Optimization methods Optical saturation UF: Optimisation methods Optical solitons BT: Optimization Optical tuning RT: Infinite horizon Particle beam optics Linear programming Photoluminescence MIMO communication Physical optics Newton method Ray tracing Operations research Stray light Processor scheduling Ultrafast optics Response surface Whispering gallery modes methodology Search methods Optimal control Single machine scheduling BT: Control systems NT: Circuit optimization RT: Game theory Design optimization H infinity control Fireworks algorithm NT: Bang-bang control Gradient methods Infinite horizon H infinity control Mathematical programming Optimal matching Optimized production BT: Graph theory technology Pareto optimization Optimal scheduling Quadratic programming BT: Optimization Simulated annealing

Optimisation Optimized production technology USE: Optimization UF: OPT Optimised production Optimisation methods technology USE: Optimization methods BT: Optimization methods Production control Optimised production technology RT: Production planning USE: Optimized production Production systems technology Optimizing compilers Optimising compilers UF: Optimising compilers USE: Optimizing compilers BT: Program processors

Optimization Opto-electronic devices UF: Optimisation USE: Optoelectronic devices Performance optimisation Performance optimization Optoacoustic effects BT: Mathematics USE: Photoacoustic effects This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 343 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Ordinary magnetoresistance Optoelectronic and photonic sensors BT: Magnetoresistance BT: Sensors Ores Optoelectronic devices BT: Minerals UF: Opto-electronic devices BT: Lasers and electrooptics Organic chemicals RT: Electrooptic devices BT: Chemistry Phototransistors NT: Hydrocarbons NT: Charge-coupled image sensors Organic compounds Integrated optoelectronics BT: Compounds Light emitting diodes RT: Carbon Photoconducting devices NT: Carbon compounds Photodetectors Organic semiconductors Superluminescent diodes Volatile organic compounds

Optothermal effects Organic electronics USE: Photothermal effects UF: Paper electronics BT: Electronic equipment Optothyristors RT: Synapses USE: Photothyristors Organic FETS Oral communication USE: OFETs UF: Speech communication BT: Professional Organic field effect transistors communication USE: OFETs NT: Public speaking Speech Organic field-effect transistors USE: OFETs Orange technology USE: Social implications of Organic inorganic hybrid materials technology UF: Inorganic organic hybrid materials Orbital calculations Inorganic-organic hybrid BT: Energy states materials Organic-inorganic hybrid Orbital debris materials USE: Space debris Organically modified silicates Orbital robotics Ormosils BT: Robots BT: Materials RT: Inorganic compounds Orbits Optical materials BT: Astrophysics NT: Orbits (stellar) Organic light emitting diodes Planetary orbits UF: OLED Organic light-emitting Orbits (stellar) diodes BT: Orbits Polymer led RT: Stellar motion BT: Light emitting diodes RT: Electroluminescence Ordinance Molecular electronics USE: Weapons NT: Active matrix organic light emitting diodes This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 344 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Organisational structure Organic light-emitting diodes Organizational culture USE: Organic light emitting Organizational structure diodes BT: Management RT: Business process re- Organic materials engineering BT: Materials Industrial communication NT: Business communication Organic semiconductors Corporate acquisitions BT: Organic compounds Facilities management Semiconductor materials Role transfer NT: Pentacene Scheduling Stakeholders Organic thin film transistors Team working UF: OTFT Organic thin-film transistors Organizational communication BT: Thin film transistors USE: Industrial communication

Organic thin-film transistors Organizational culture USE: Organic thin film transistors USE: Organizational aspects

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials Organizational structure USE: Organic inorganic hybrid USE: Organizational aspects materials Organizations Organically modified silicates BT: Business USE: Organic inorganic hybrid NT: BNSC materials Companies Government Organisational aspects Sociotechnical systems USE: Organizational aspects Organobromine compounds Organisational culture USE: Bromine compounds USE: Organizational aspects Organs (biological) Organisational structure USE: Biological systems USE: Organizational aspects Orientation control Organisms USE: Position control BT: Biological systems NT: Algae Orientation determination Animals USE: Position measurement Archaea Fish Orientation measurement Fungi USE: Position measurement Mesomycetozoea Microorganisms Orifices Plants (biology) BT: Mechanical products Viruses (medical) Ormosils Organizational aspects USE: Organic inorganic hybrid UF: Business organisation materials Business organization Organisational aspects Orthogonal frequency division multiple access Organisational culture USE: OFDM This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 345 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing Osmosis USE: OFDM BT: Chemical processes NT: Electro-osmosis Orthopedic procedures BT: Medical treatment Osteoarthritis BT: Bone diseases Orthopedic surgery BT: Surgery Osteoporosis BT: Bone diseases Orthotics RT: Cancellous bone BT: Medical treatment RT: Assistive technology OTFT Biomedical engineering USE: Organic thin film transistors Biomedical equipment Medical control systems Otologic surgery Prosthetics USE: Oncological surgery Sensory aids Out of order Oscillations UF: OOO USE: Oscillators BT: Instruction sets

Oscillators Outlier detection UF: Oscillations USE: Anomaly detection BT: Circuits and systems RT: Circuits Output feedback Damping BT: Feedback circuits Klystrons Lasers Output power Resonant frequency USE: Power generation Vibrations NT: Digital-controlled oscillators Outsourcing Injection-locked oscillators BT: Management Local oscillators RT: Crowdsourcing Microwave oscillators Phase noise Ovens Ring oscillators BT: Home appliances Voltage-controlled NT: Microwave ovens oscillators Overflow oscillations Oscilloscopes USE: Finite wordlength effects UF: Cathode-ray oscilloscopes BT: Instruments Overhead distribution lines RT: Electric variables USE: Power distribution lines measurement Test equipment Overhead transmission lines USE: Power transmission lines OSHA USE: Occupational safety Overlay networks BT: Computer networks OSI RT: Network topology USE: Open systems Transport protocols

Osmium OWA BT: Chemical elements USE: Open wireless architecture This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 346 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: IEEE 802.11 Standard OWL UF: Web ontology language PAAS BT: Markup languages USE: Platform as a service Semantic Web RT: Knowledge representation Pacemakers BT: Biomedical equipment Oxidation RT: Cardiology BT: Chemical processes RT: Materials Packaging NT: Combustion BT: Industry applications RT: Filling Oxygen Leak detection BT: Chemical elements Packaging machines Gases Seals NT: Bagging Ozonation Bottling UF: Ozone treatment Canning BT: Wastewater treatment Encapsulation RT: Environmental factors Food packaging Pollution control Labeling Multichip modules Ozone generators Plastic packaging USE: Discharges (electric) Wrapping

Ozone treatment Packaging machines USE: Ozonation BT: Production equipment RT: Bagging Ozonizers Bottling USE: Discharges (electric) Labeling Packaging P-I-N Wrapping USE: PIN photodiodes Packet loss P-i-n diodes BT: Loss measurement BT: Semiconductor devices Packet switching Semiconductor diodes RT: Data communication RT: CMOSFET logic devices Noise measurement Electrooptic modulators Vertical cavity surface Packet radio emitting lasers USE: Packet radio networks

P-n junctions Packet radio networks BT: Junctions UF: Packet radio RT: Light emitting diodes BT: Radio communication Photodiodes Semiconductor diodes Packet switching BT: Communication switching P1394 RT: ARPANET USE: IEEE 1394 Standard Data transfer IEEE 802.3 Standard P2P Next generation networking USE: Peer-to-peer computing NT: Burst switching Frame relay P802.11 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 347 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Multiprotocol label Palletising switching USE: Pallets Packet loss Palletizing Pacs USE: Pallets USE: Picture archiving and communication systems Pallets UF: Palletising Paediatrics Palletizing USE: Pediatrics BT: Materials handling RT: Containers Page description languages Load management UF: Postscript BT: Markup languages Palm print recognition RT: Desktop publishing USE: Palmprint recognition High level languages Palmprint recognition Paging strategies UF: Palm print recognition BT: Land mobile radio cellular BT: Biometrics (access control) systems RT: Identification of persons RT: Wireless communication Palmtop computers Pain USE: Personal digital assistants BT: Injuries NT: Ischemic pain Pancreas Neuropathic pain BT: Digestive system

Painting Paper electronics BT: Surface finishing USE: Organic electronics Surface treatment RT: Coatings Paper industry Paints USE: Pulp and paper industry

Paints Paper making BT: Chemical products BT: Pulp and paper industry Coatings RT: Bleaching Materials Paper making machines RT: Ink Paper products Lacquers Paper pulp Painting Paper technology Pulp manufacturing Pair-wise error probability Spinning machines USE: Pairwise error probability Paper making machines Pairwise correlations BT: Production equipment USE: Pairwise error probability Pulp and paper industry RT: Paper making Pairwise error probability Paper products UF: Pair-wise error probability Paper pulp Pairwise correlations Paper technology BT: Probability Pulp manufacturing Spinning machines Palladium BT: Metals Paper mills BT: Production facilities This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 348 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Pulp and paper industry RT: Multiprocessing systems RT: Industrial plants Parallel processing Paper products Parallel programming Paper pulp Pulp manufacturing Parallel machines Spinning machines BT: Computers RT: Parallel architectures Paper products Parallel processing BT: Manufactured products RT: Paper making Parallel processing Paper making machines UF: Array processing Paper mills Parallel computing Paper pulp Parallelism Paper technology BT: Computers and information Pulp and paper industry processing RT: Concurrency control Paper pulp Parallel architectures BT: Manufactured products Parallel languages Materials Parallel machines RT: Paper making Parallel programming Paper making machines NT: Multiprocessing systems Paper mills Multithreading Paper products Parallel algorithms Pulp and paper industry Pipeline processing Pulp manufacturing Parallel processor interconnection Paper technology USE: Multiprocessor BT: Industry applications interconnection RT: Paper making Paper making machines Parallel programming Paper products BT: Programming Pulp and paper industry RT: Multiprocessing systems Parallel languages PAPR Parallel processing USE: Peak to average power ratio Parallel robots BT: Robots Paraelectric materials USE: Dielectric materials Parallelism USE: Parallel processing Parallel algorithms BT: Algorithms Paramagnetic materials Parallel processing BT: Magnetic materials RT: Paramagnetic resonance Parallel architectures BT: Computer architecture Paramagnetic resonance RT: Parallel machines BT: Magnetic resonance Parallel processing RT: Paramagnetic materials NT: Multicore processing Parameter estimation Parallel computing UF: Parameter identification USE: Parallel processing BT: Signal analysis Statistical analysis Parallel languages RT: Control systems BT: High level languages This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 349 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Power system analysis Multiattrubute optimization computing Multiobjective programming Spectral analysis Pareto optimisation NT: Amplitude estimation Vector optimization Direction-of-arrival multiobjective programming estimation BT: Optimization methods Frequency estimation Pareto analysis Motion estimation RT: Genetic algorithms Phase estimation Time of arrival estimation Parietal lobe BT: Brain Parameter extraction BT: Electromagnetic Parity check measurements USE: Codes RT: Bipolar transistor circuits Very large scale integration Parity check codes UF: LDPC Parameter identification Ldpc codes USE: Parameter estimation Low density parity check codes Parameter uncertainty Parity-check codes USE: Uncertain systems BT: Codes RT: Decoding Parametric model NT: Iterative decoding USE: Parametric statistics Parity-check codes Parametric statistics USE: Parity check codes UF: Parametric model BT: Statistics Parkinson's disease BT: Diseases Parametric study BT: Multitasking Parotid RT: Optimization USE: Salivary glands

Parasitic capacitance Partial differential equations BT: Capacitance BT: Differential equations RT: Boundary value problems Parasitic diseases Fourier transforms BT: Diseases NT: Boundary element methods Poisson equations Parasympathetic nervous system BT: Autonomic nervous system Partial discharge measurement BT: Electric variables Pareto analysis measurement BT: Statistical analysis RT: Electrical safety RT: Cause effect analysis Insulation life Quality management Insulation testing NT: Pareto optimization Optical fiber sensors

Pareto optimisation Partial discharges USE: Pareto optimization BT: Dielectric breakdown RT: Corona Pareto optimization UF: Multi-objective Partial response channels programming BT: Communication channels This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 350 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Accelerator beams Partial response signaling Neutron beams BT: Digital modulation Proton beams BT: Beams Partial transmit sequences Elementary particles BT: OFDM RT: Colliding beam accelerators Laser theory Particle accelerator Particle accelerators USE: Linear particle accelerator Particle beam handling Particle beam injection Particle accelerators Particle beam BT: Nuclear and plasma measurements sciences Particle beam optics RT: Colliding beam devices Storage rings Large Hadron Collider Synchrotrons Particle beams NT: Atomic beams Voltage multipliers Electron beams NT: Accelerator magnets Ion beams Colliding beam accelerators Cyclotrons Particle charging Electron accelerators BT: Electrostatic processes Ion accelerators RT: Semiconductor detectors Linear accelerators Photon collider Particle collisions Plasma accelerators BT: Elementary particles Proton accelerators Storage rings Particle detectors Synchrocyclotrons USE: Radiation detectors Synchrotrons Particle filters Particle beam handling BT: Filters BT: Nuclear and plasma sciences Particle measurements RT: Particle beams UF: Particulate measurements BT: Measurement Particle beam injection RT: Current density UF: Injected beams High energy physics BT: Nuclear and plasma instrumentation computing sciences Position sensitive particle RT: Particle beams detectors

Particle beam measurements Particle physics BT: Measurement USE: High energy physics RT: Particle beams Particle production Particle beam optics BT: Electrostatic processes UF: Ion optics RT: Aerosols BT: Optics Spraying RT: Electrodynamics Particle beams Particle scattering NT: Atom optics BT: Scattering Electron optics RT: Scanning electron Stimulated emission microscopy

Particle beams Particle separators This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 351 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Separators BT: Telecommunication BT: Separation processes network topology RT: Magnetic separation NT: Passive filters

Particle swarm Passive optical networks USE: Particle swarm optimization UF: PON Passive-optical-network Particle swarm optimization BT: Optical fiber networks UF: Particle swarm Particle-swarm optimization Passive radar Swarm intelligence BT: Radar Swarm optimization RT: Radar detection BT: Evolutionary computation Radar imaging RT: Fireworks algorithm Stochastic processes Passive RFID tags BT: RFID tags Particle tracking BT: Nuclear measurements Passive-optical-network RT: High energy physics USE: Passive optical networks instrumentation computing Tracking Password BT: Access control Particle-swarm optimization Computer security USE: Particle swarm optimization RT: Authentication

Particles (elementary) Patch antennas USE: Elementary particles BT: Antennas RT: Microstrip antennas Particulate measurements USE: Particle measurements Patent law BT: Law Partitioning algorithms BT: Algorithms Patents BT: Legal factors Passband RT: Intellectual property BT: Digital communication US Government agencies Radio communication RT: Baseband Path planning UF: piano mover's problem Passivation BT: Motion control BT: Surface treatment RT: Course correction RT: Corrosion Indoor navigation Vehicle routing Passive circuits NT: Trajectory BT: Circuits Trajectory tracking

Passive filters Pathogens BT: Passive networks UF: Germs RT: Filters BT: Diseases

Passive microwave remote sensing Pathological BT: Remote sensing USE: Pathology

Passive networks Pathological processes BT: Pathology This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 352 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Cadaver Nonlinear optics Death Spatiotemporal phenomena

Pathology Pattern matching UF: Pathological BT: Pattern recognition BT: Medical specialties RT: Pattern clustering RT: Autopsy Spatiotemporal phenomena NT: Neuropathology NT: Image matching Pathological processes Pattern recognition Patient diagnosis UF: Image pattern recognition USE: Medical diagnosis BT: Computers and information processing Patient identification RT: Automatic optical inspection USE: Medical treatment Computer vision Feature extraction Patient monitoring Feedforward neural BT: Monitoring networks RT: Chemotherapy Hidden Markov models Electronic medical records Learning systems Machine vision Patient rehabilitation Pattern classification BT: Medical treatment Principal component RT: Rehabilitation robotics analysis Publish subscribe systems Patient treatment Robot vision systems USE: Medical treatment Shape Spatiotemporal phenomena Pattern analysis Statistical learning BT: Machine intelligence Symbols RT: Surface reconstruction NT: Active shape model Activity recognition Pattern classification Character recognition UF: Signal classification Clustering methods BT: Decision making Data mining RT: Feature extraction Face recognition Nearest neighbor methods Fingerprint recognition Neural networks Gesture recognition Pattern recognition Handwriting recognition Support vector machines Nearest neighbor methods Pattern matching Pattern clustering Speech recognition BT: Clustering methods Text recognition RT: Image reconstruction Nearest neighbor methods Payloads Pattern matching BT: Military aircraft Signal analysis Space technology Signal detection NT: MODIS Signal processing Pb Pattern formation USE: Lead BT: Process design RT: Chaos PCA Nonlinear dynamical USE: Principal component systems analysis This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 353 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Peak-to-average ratio PCG USE: Peak to average power USE: Phonocardiography ratio

PCM Pediatrics USE: Phase change materials UF: Babies Baby PCRAM Child USE: Phase change random Children access memory Infant Infants PD control Newborns UF: PID control Paediatrics Proportional + derivative Toddler control BT: Medical specialties Proportional derivative RT: Neonatology control Proportional plus derivative Peer to peer communications control USE: Peer-to-peer computing Proportional-derivative control Peer to peer computing Proportional-integral- USE: Peer-to-peer computing derivative BT: Control systems Peer to peer exchange USE: Peer-to-peer computing PDA USE: Personal digital assistants Peer to peer network USE: Peer-to-peer computing PDAs USE: Personal digital assistants Peer-to-peer communications USE: Peer-to-peer computing PDF USE: Portable document format Peer-to-peer computing UF: File sharing Peace technology P2P BT: Social implications of Peer to peer technology communications Peer to peer computing Peak signal to noise ratio Peer to peer exchange USE: PSNR Peer to peer network Peer-to-peer Peak signal-to-noise ratio communications USE: PSNR Peer-to-peer exchange Peer-to-peer network Peak to average power ratio BT: Computer networks UF: PAPR Distributed computing Peak-to-average power RT: Workstations ratio Peak-to-average ratio Peer-to-peer exchange BT: OFDM USE: Peer-to-peer computing

Peak-to-average power ratio Peer-to-peer network USE: Peak to average power USE: Peer-to-peer computing ratio Peltier effect This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 354 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Thermoelectricity Performance measurement Pelvic bones USE: Measurement BT: Bones Performance metrics Pelvis USE: Measurement BT: Body regions Performance optimisation Pen test USE: Optimization USE: Penetration testing Performance optimization Penetration testing USE: Optimization UF: Pen test BT: Computer security Performance related pay USE: Incentive schemes Pensions UF: Occupational pensions Perineum Personal pensions BT: Body regions Stakeholder pensions State pensions Periodic media BT: Remuneration USE: Nonhomogeneous media RT: Employee welfare Termination of employment Periodic structures BT: Materials science and Pentacene technology BT: Organic semiconductors NT: Gratings Photonic crystals Peptides BT: Biochemistry Peripheral equipment USE: Computer peripherals Perfectly matched layers BT: Propagation Peripheral nervous system RT: Finite difference methods BT: Nervous system Finite element analysis Maxwell equations Permanent magnet generators BT: Permanent magnet Performance analysis machines UF: Dynamic program analysis Performance index Permanent magnet machines BT: Programming UF: Permanent magnet RT: Optimization synchronous machines NT: Performance gain BT: Electric machines Rotating machines Performance evaluation RT: Permanent magnet motors BT: Measurement Permanent magnets RT: Benchmark testing NT: Permanent magnet generators Performance gain BT: Performance analysis Permanent magnet motors UF: Permanent magnet Performance index synchronous motors USE: Performance analysis Permanent-magnet generators Performance loss Permanent-magnet motors BT: Computer performance BT: Motors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 355 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Permanent magnet RT: Disk drives machines Perpendicular recording Permanent magnet synchronous machines USE: Magnetic recording USE: Permanent magnet machines Persistent currents BT: Current Permanent magnet synchronous motors RT: High-temperature USE: Permanent magnet motors superconductors Superconducting magnets Permanent magnets BT: Magnets Persistent identifiers RT: Magnetic gears BT: Data structures Permanent magnet RT: Digital systems machines Information retrieval Remanence Personal area networks Permanent-magnet generators UF: Piconets USE: Permanent magnet motors Scatternets BT: Radio communication Permanent-magnet motors RT: Computer networks USE: Permanent magnet motors Data communication Land mobile radio Permeability Personal communication UF: Magnetic permeability networks BT: Electromagnetic analysis Wireless LAN RT: Magnetic materials ZigBee Permeability measurement NT: Bluetooth Body area networks Permeability measurement Body sensor networks BT: Magnetic variables Wireless personal area measurement networks RT: Permeability Personal communication networks Permission BT: Communication systems UF: Access rights RT: Digital systems File system permissions IEEE 802.15 Standard BT: Computer security Land mobile radio cellular systems Permittivity Location awareness BT: Electric variables Mobile handsets RT: Dielectric constant Personal area networks Dielectric materials ZigBee Permittivity measurement Personal computers Permittivity measurement USE: Microcomputers BT: Dielectric measurement RT: Permittivity Personal digital assistants UF: PDA Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy PDAs BT: Magnetic anisotropy Palmtop computers BT: Handheld computers Perpendicular magnetic recording UF: Vertical recording Personal pensions BT: Magnetic recording USE: Pensions This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 356 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

PET Personnel USE: Positron emission BT: Human resource tomography management RT: Appraisal Petascale computing Bring your own device BT: Computers and information Education processing Employment RT: Supercomputers Equal opportunities Management Petri nets Productivity BT: System analysis and design Training RT: Discrete-event systems NT: Labor resources Modeling

Personnel monitoring Petrochemicals USE: Radiation monitoring BT: Chemical products Materials Persuasive systems RT: Chemical industry BT: Decision making Chemistry Social computing Fuels RT: Behavioral sciences Petroleum Human factors Petroleum industry Man-machine systems Plastic products Psychology Plastics

Perturbation methods Petrol UF: Perturbation techniques USE: Petroleum BT: Approximation methods NT: Cavity perturbation Petroleum methods UF: Gasoline Petrol Perturbation techniques BT: Chemical products USE: Perturbation methods Fuels RT: Fuel processing industries Pervasive computing Oil pollution UF: Everyware Oils Ubicomp Petrochemicals BT: Computers and information Petroleum industry processing NT: Hydrocarbons Systems, man, and cybernetics Petroleum industry RT: Artificial intelligence UF: Oil industry Context awareness BT: Industries Next generation networking RT: Chemical industry NT: Ubiquitous computing Fractionation Wearable computers Fuel processing industries Gas industry Pest control Natural gas industry UF: Insect control Offshore installations Vermin control Oil pollution BT: Environmental Oils management Petrochemicals RT: Agriculture Petroleum Hazards Pipelines NT: Oil drilling This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 357 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Oil refineries NT: Phase change random Well logging access memory

PFD Phase change RAM USE: Phase frequency detector USE: Phase change random access memory PGA USE: Electronics packaging Phase change random access memory UF: PCRAM pH measurement Phase change RAM BT: Chemical analysis Phase-change RAM Measurement Phase-change random access memory Phantoms BT: Phase change memory BT: Biomedical imaging Random access memory RT: Dosimetry Positron emission Phase control tomography UF: Phase-control Single photon emission BT: Power electronics computed tomography RT: Electric variables control X-ray applications Optical variables control X-ray detection Phase transformers X-ray imaging Phase detection Pharmaceutical technology BT: Signal detection BT: Chemical technology NT: Phase frequency detector RT: Biochemistry Chemistry Phase distortion Pharmaceuticals BT: Distortion RT: Delay effects Pharmaceuticals BT: Chemical products Phase estimation Medical treatment BT: Parameter estimation RT: Biochemistry Chemistry Phase frequency detector Pharmaceutical technology UF: PFD NT: Drugs BT: Phase detection RT: Frequency measurement Pharynx Measurement BT: Digestive system Voltage RT: Stomatognathic system Voltage control

Phase change materials Phase locked loops UF: PCM UF: PLL BT: Materials Phase locked-loops RT: Memory Phase-locked loops Nuclear thermodynamics Phase-locked-loops Optical materials BT: Linear feedback control Phase change memory systems Solar heating Signal processing RT: Frequency locked loops Phase change memory Modulation BT: Memory Nonlinear filters RT: Phase change materials Resistive RAM Phase locked-loops This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 358 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Phase locked loops USE: Nuclear phase transformations Phase measurement BT: Measurement Phase-change RAM RT: Acoustic measurements USE: Phase change random Electric variables access memory measurement Optical variables Phase-change random access memory measurement USE: Phase change random access memory Phase modulation BT: Modulation Phase-control RT: Demodulation USE: Phase control Electrooptic modulators NT: Continuous phase Phase-locked loops modulation USE: Phase locked loops Differential phase shift keying Phase-locked-loops Phase shift keying USE: Phase locked loops

Phase noise Phase-shift keying BT: Noise USE: Phase shift keying Oscillators RT: Time-domain analysis Phase-shift-keying USE: Phase shift keying Phase shift keying UF: PSK Phased arrays Phase-shift keying UF: Antenna phased arrays Phase-shift-keying BT: Antenna arrays QPSK RT: Optical arrays BT: Phase modulation NT: Binary phase shift keying Phasor measurement units Quadrature phase shift UF: PMU keying PMUs BT: Electric variables Phase shifters measurement BT: Circuits RT: Butler matrices PHEMTs NT: Phase transformers UF: Pseudomorphic HEMTs BT: HEMTs Phase shifting interferometry BT: Interferometry Philosophical considerations BT: Social implications of Phase transformations, nuclear technology USE: Nuclear phase RT: Econophysics transformations Ethical aspects Quantum mechanics Phase transformers Social factors BT: Phase shifters Technology Transformers Technology social factors RT: Circuits Phase control Phishing BT: Computer security Phase transitions, nuclear Information security

PHM BT: Chemistry USE: Prognostics and health NT: Photobleaching management Photochromism Phonocardiogram UF: Photodarkening USE: Phonocardiography BT: Photonics RT: Color Phonocardiography UF: PCG Photocomposition Phonocardiogram USE: Text processing BT: Cardiography RT: Biomedical monitoring Photoconducting devices Cardiology BT: Optoelectronic devices Heart rate measurement RT: Photoconducting materials Photoconductivity Phonographs Photodetectors USE: Audio systems Semiconductor devices NT: Electrophotography Phonons BT: Elementary particles Photoconducting materials RT: Acoustics UF: Photoconductors Crystals BT: Materials Electrons RT: Photoconducting devices Indium phosphide Photoconductivity Photodetectors Phosphorescence Semiconductor materials BT: Luminescence RT: Phosphors Photoconductivity UF: Photocurrent Phosphors BT: Conductivity BT: Light sources RT: Photoconducting devices RT: Phosphorescence Photoconducting materials

Phosphorus Photoconductors BT: Chemical elements USE: Photoconducting materials

Photoacoustic effects Photocurrent UF: Optoacoustic effects USE: Photoconductivity BT: Spectroscopy RT: Acoustic testing Photodarkening Laser applications USE: Photochromism Photothermal effects NT: Photoacoustic imaging Photodetector USE: Photodetectors Photoacoustic imaging BT: Biomedical imaging Photodetectors Photoacoustic effects UF: Photodetector BT: Optoelectronic devices Photobleaching Radiation detectors BT: Photochemistry RT: Image sensors Infrared detectors Photocathodes Optical signal detection USE: Cathodes Photoconducting devices Photoconducting materials Photochemistry Photoelectricity This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 360 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Photodiodes Photoionisation Phototransistors USE: Ionization Superconducting photodetectors Photoionization USE: Ionization Photodiodes BT: Photodetectors Photolithography RT: Optical transmitters USE: Lithography P-n junctions NT: Avalanche photodiodes Photoluminescence PIN photodiodes UF: Electrophotoluminescence BT: Luminescence Photoelasticity Optics BT: Mechanical factors RT: Judd-Ofelt theory RT: Optical polarization Microcavities Piezooptic effects Stress Photomagnetic devices USE: Magnetooptic devices Photoelectricity UF: Photoemission Photomagnetic effects Phototubes USE: Magnetooptic effects BT: Electricity Electron devices Photometry RT: Electron emission BT: Geoscience and remote Photodetectors sensing Photomultipliers Optical variables Photovoltaic cells measurement NT: Photovoltaic effects RT: Light sources Lighting Photoelectron microscopy Radiometry UF: Photoemission electron microscopy Photomicrography BT: Electron microscopy BT: Photography

Photoemission Photomultipliers USE: Photoelectricity BT: Vacuum technology RT: Avalanche photodiodes Photoemission electron microscopy Electron multipliers USE: Photoelectron microscopy Photoelectricity

Photogalvanic effects Photon collider USE: Photovoltaic effects BT: Particle accelerators

Photography Photon crystal fibers BT: Imaging USE: Photonic crystal fibers RT: Cameras Electrophotography Photon crystal fibres Image capture USE: Photonic crystal fibers Image storage Optical filters Photonic band gap NT: Cinematography UF: Band gap Digital photography Band-gap Image forensics Bandgap Photomicrography Photonic bandgap BT: Photonic crystals This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 361 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Electromagnetic wave Photonic-crystal fibers polarization USE: Photonic crystal fibers Optical diffraction Photonic-crystal fibres Photonic bandgap USE: Photonic crystal fibers USE: Photonic band gap Photonics Photonic bandgap fibers BT: Lasers and electrooptics UF: Photonic bandgap fibres RT: Electromagnetic BT: Photonic crystal fibers metamaterials Epitaxial growth Photonic bandgap fibres Silicon devices USE: Photonic bandgap fibers Synapses NT: Biophotonics Photonic crystal fibers Microwave photonics UF: Microstructured fibers Nanophotonics Microstructured fibres Photochromism Photon crystal fibers Photothermal effects Photon crystal fibres Silicon photonics Photonic crystal fibres Spontaneous emission Photonic-crystal fibers Photonic-crystal fibres Photoplethysmography BT: Photonic crystals BT: Biomedical measurement NT: Holey fibers Photonic bandgap fibers Photoreceptors BT: Neurons Photonic crystal fibres USE: Photonic crystal fibers Photorefractive effect BT: Nonlinear optics Photonic crystals RT: Birefringence UF: 2-D photonic crystals Optical refraction 2D photonic crystals Photorefractive materials Photonic cyrstal fibers Refractive index Two dimensional photonic crystals Photorefractive materials Two-dimensional photonic BT: Optical materials crystals RT: Birefringence BT: Periodic structures Holography RT: Microwave devices Optical mixing Nonlinear optics Optical refraction Optical materials Photorefractive effect Optical waveguides Spontaneous emission Photoresists NT: Photonic band gap USE: Resists Photonic crystal fibers Photothermal effects Photonic cyrstal fibers UF: Optothermal effects USE: Photonic crystals Thermal wave imaging BT: Photonics Photonic integrated circuits RT: Photoacoustic effects BT: Integrated circuits Photothyristors Photonic metamaterials UF: Optothyristors USE: Optical metamaterials BT: Thyristors RT: Optical switches This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 362 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Systems engineering and Phototransistors theory BT: Photodetectors RT: Integrated circuit layout Transistors RT: Optoelectronic devices Physical distribution management Radiation detectors USE: Logistics

Phototubes Physical layer USE: Photoelectricity BT: Open systems NT: Physical layer security Photovoltaic cells UF: Solar cells Physical layer security BT: Electron devices BT: Physical layer Energy conversion RT: Photoelectricity Physical optics Photovoltaic effects BT: Optics Photovoltaic systems NT: Optical refraction NT: Light trapping Optical vortices

Photovoltaic effects Physical theory of diffraction UF: Photogalvanic effects BT: Electromagnetic diffraction BT: Photoelectricity RT: Photovoltaic cells Physician Photovoltaic systems USE: Medical services NT: Shunts (electrical) Physics Photovoltaic power systems BT: Science - general USE: Photovoltaic systems RT: Buoyancy NT: Acoustics Photovoltaic systems Astrophysics UF: Photovoltaic power systems Beams BT: Solar power generation Biophysics RT: Hybrid power systems Dark energy Photovoltaic cells Entropy Photovoltaic effects Fluid flow NT: Building integrated Geophysics photovoltaics High energy physics Fill factor (solar cell) Kinetic theory Solar panels Levitation Lorentz covariance Phylogenetic tree Mechanical factors USE: Phylogeny Network theory (graphs) Physics education Phylogenetics Quantum mechanics USE: Phylogeny Solid-state physics String theory Phylogeny Thermal factors UF: Cladistics Waves Phylogenetic tree Phylogenetics Physics computing BT: Evolution (biology) BT: Computer applications

Physical design Physics education BT: System analysis and design BT: Engineering education Physics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 363 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Picturephones Physiology USE: Videophone systems BT: Biology NT: Action potentials PID control External stimuli USE: PD control Neuromodulation Piecewise linear approximation PhysiStimuli BT: Piecewise linear techniques USE: External stimuli Piecewise linear techniques PI control BT: Mathematics UF: Proportional + integral RT: Control system analysis control Control system synthesis Proportional-integral control Difference equations Proportional-integral Nonlinear control systems controller NT: Piecewise linear Proportional-integral- approximation derivative control Proportional-integral- Piezoceramics derivative controller USE: Piezoelectric materials BT: Control systems Piezoelectric actuators piano mover's problem BT: Actuators USE: Path planning Piezoelectric devices Pickling BT: Dielectric devices BT: Surface treatment RT: Acoustic devices RT: Chemistry Acoustoelectric devices Nanogenerators Pico-hydro Piezoelectric films USE: Picohydro power Piezoelectric materials Piezoelectricity Picohydro power Piezoresistive devices UF: Pico-hydro Surface acoustic wave BT: Hydroelectric power devices generation RT: Appropriate technology Piezoelectric effect BT: Piezoelectricity Piconets USE: Personal area networks Piezoelectric effects USE: Piezoelectricity Picture archiving and communication systems Piezoelectric films UF: Pacs BT: Dielectric films BT: Image communication Films RT: Biomedical communication Piezoelectric materials Biomedical computing RT: Piezoelectric devices Biomedical imaging Piezoelectricity

Picture phones Piezoelectric materials USE: Videophone systems UF: Piezoceramics BT: Dielectric materials Picture processing RT: Acoustic materials USE: Image processing Crystals Piezoelectric devices This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 364 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Piezoelectricity NT: Piezoelectric films Pigmentation BT: Color Piezoelectric polarization Materials science and BT: Piezoelectricity technology NT: Pigments Piezoelectric transducers BT: Transducers Pigments BT: Pigmentation Piezoelectricity UF: Piezoelectric effects PIN diodes BT: Electricity USE: PIN photodiodes Ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pin grid arrays RT: Electrostriction USE: Electronics packaging Piezoelectric devices Piezoelectric films PIN photodiodes Piezoelectric materials UF: P-I-N Piezoresistance PIN diodes Pyroelectricity BT: Photodiodes Stress Ultrasonic transducers Pink noise NT: Piezoelectric effect USE: 1/f noise Piezoelectric polarization Pins Piezomagnetic effects BT: Plugs USE: Magnetomechanical effects Pions Piezooptic effects USE: Mesons BT: Acoustooptic effects RT: Photoelasticity Pipeline processing Pressure effects UF: Computer pipeline Stress processing Pipelining Piezoresistance BT: Parallel processing UF: Piezoresistive RT: Multiprocessing systems BT: Electric variables Systolic arrays Resistance RT: Piezoelectricity Pipelines Piezoresistive devices BT: Fluid flow Pressure effects RT: Chemical industry Stress Magnetic flux leakage Materials handling Piezoresistive Natural gas industry USE: Piezoresistance Oils Petroleum industry Piezoresistive devices UF: Piezoresistors Pipelining BT: Semiconductor devices USE: Pipeline processing RT: Piezoelectric devices Piezoresistance Piracy (software) Pressure measurement USE: Computer crime

Piezoresistors Pistons USE: Piezoresistive devices BT: Machine components This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 365 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Mechanical products RT: Bellows Planar waveguides Engine cylinders BT: Electromagnetic Engines waveguides Gaskets RT: Rectangular waveguides Shafts Structural rings Planarisation USE: Planarization Pitch control (audio) BT: Audio systems Planarization Variable speed drives UF: Chemical mechanical planarisation Pitch control (position) Chemical mechanical BT: Mechanical variables planarization control Planarisation BT: Surface treatment Pituitary gland RT: Dielectric films BT: Glands Integrated circuits Nervous system Planetary chemistry Pixel USE: Astrochemistry BT: Digital images Planetary composition PLA USE: Extraterrestrial USE: Programmable logic arrays measurements AND Planets Plagiarism BT: Professional Planetary landers communication USE: Land transportation AND RT: Copyright protection Space vehicles Notice of Violation Publishing Planetary oceans USE: Oceans AND Planar antennas Planets USE: Planar arrays Planetary orbits Planar array BT: Orbits USE: Planar arrays Planetary volcanic activity Planar arrays USE: Planetary volcanoes UF: Planar antennas Planar array Planetary volcano BT: Antenna arrays USE: Planetary volcanoes

Planar motors Planetary volcanoes BT: Electric motors UF: Planetary volcanic activity Planetary volcano Planar transmission lines BT: Volcanoes BT: Transmission lines RT: Spurline Planets NT: Coplanar transmission lines UF: Planetary composition Finline Planetary oceans Microstrip BT: Solar system Slot lines RT: Extraterrestrial phenomena Stripline NT: Earth This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 366 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Jupiter BT: Plasma properties Mars Mercury (planets) Plasma devices Pluto BT: Plasma applications Saturn RT: Gas discharge devices Venus Plasmas NT: Plasma accelerators Planing Plasma jets BT: Machining Tokamaks RT: Finishing Surface roughness Plasma diagnostics Surface treatment BT: Plasmas RT: Plasma measurements Planning UF: System planning Plasma display panels BT: Engineering management USE: Plasma displays RT: Decision making Economics Plasma displays NT: Meeting planning UF: Plasma display panels Schedules BT: Image generation Strategic planning RT: Plasma applications Technical planning TV Technology planning Plasma immersion ion implantation Plants (biology) BT: Ion implantation BT: Organisms Plasma applications RT: Life sciences RT: Semiconductor impurities

Plants (industrial) Plasma jets USE: Industrial plants BT: Plasma devices RT: Propulsion Plasma accelerators BT: Particle accelerators Plasma materials processing Plasma devices BT: Materials processing RT: Plasma applications Plasma applications NT: Chemical vapor deposition BT: Plasmas Ignition RT: Plasma displays Plasma materials Plasma measurements processing BT: Measurement NT: Plasma devices RT: Plasma diagnostics Plasma immersion ion Plasmas implantation Plasma welding Plasma properties Tokamaks BT: Plasmas RT: Electron mobility Plasma chemistry Stability analysis BT: Plasma properties NT: Dusty plasmas Plasma chemistry Plasma confinement Plasma density BT: Plasmas Plasma sheaths NT: Inertial confinement Plasma stability Magnetic confinement Plasma temperature Plasmons Plasma density This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 367 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Plasma sheaths Plasma applications BT: Plasma properties Plasma confinement Plasma diagnostics Plasma simulation Plasma properties BT: Plasmas Plasma simulation RT: Modeling Plasma sources Numerical simulation Plasma transport processes Tokamaks Plasma-assisted combustion Plasma sources BT: Plasmas Plasmon RT: Ion implantation USE: Plasmons Ion sources Plasmonic solar cells Plasma stability USE: Light trapping BT: Plasma properties Plasmonics Plasma temperature USE: Plasmons BT: Plasma properties Plasmons Plasma transport processes UF: Plasmon BT: Plasmas Plasmonics BT: Plasma properties Plasma waves BT: Waves Plastic bottles RT: Plasmas USE: Plastic products

Plasma welding Plastic containers BT: Plasma applications USE: Plastic products RT: Joining processes Materials processing Plastic films Plasmas BT: Films Plastics Plasma x-ray sources RT: Plastic insulation BT: X-ray imaging Plastic insulators RT: X-ray lasers Plastic IC packaging Plasma-assisted combustion USE: Plastic integrated circuit BT: Combustion packaging Plasmas Plastic insulation Plasmas BT: Insulation BT: Nuclear and plasma RT: Dielectric materials sciences Plastic films RT: Arc discharges Plastic insulators Discharges (electric) Ionization Plastic insulators Ionosphere BT: Insulators Plasma devices RT: Fiber reinforced plastics Plasma measurements Plastic films Plasma waves Plastic insulation Plasma welding Plastic packaging Relativistic effects NT: Atmospheric-pressure Plastic integrated circuit packaging plasmas UF: Plastic IC packaging This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 368 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Integrated circuit packaging RT: Virtual machine monitors

Plastic optical fiber Plating BT: Optical fibers BT: Materials processing Plastics NT: Chrome plating

Plastic packaging Platinum BT: Packaging BT: Metals RT: Bagging NT: Platinum alloys Electronics packaging Encapsulation Platinum alloys Integrated circuit packaging BT: Platinum Plastic insulators RT: Alloying Plastics Plethysmography Plastic products BT: Measurement UF: Plastic bottles Medical diagnosis Plastic containers BT: Manufactured products PLL RT: Bottling USE: Phase locked loops Chemical industry Chemical products Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles Chemistry BT: Hybrid electric vehicles Consumer products RT: Charging stations Petrochemicals Plastics Plugboard Plastics industry USE: Breadboard circuit

Plastics Plugs BT: Chemical products BT: Connectors Materials NT: Keyways RT: Petrochemicals Pins Plastic packaging Plastic products Plumbago Plastics industry USE: Graphite Polymers Resins Pluto NT: Epoxy resins BT: Planets Fiber reinforced plastics Plastic films Plutonium Plastic optical fiber BT: Chemical elements

Plastics industry pMOSFETs BT: Manufacturing industries USE: MOSFET RT: Chemical industry Plastic products PMU Plastics USE: Phasor measurement units

Platform as a service PMUs UF: PAAS USE: Phasor measurement units BT: Cloud computing PNAs Platform virtualization USE: Presence network agents BT: Computers and information processing Pneumatic actuators This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 369 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Actuators BT: Electromagnetic scattering

Pneumatic systems Polarization mode dispersion BT: Control systems UF: Polarization-mode RT: Bellows dispersion Fluidics BT: Optical fiber polarization Mechanical systems Polarization shift keying Pnictide superconductors BT: Optical polarization USE: Superconducting materials Polarization-maintaining optical fibers Pockels readout optical modulator USE: Optical fiber polarization USE: Electrooptic modulators Polarization-mode dispersion Podcast USE: Polarization mode USE: Digital audio broadcasting dispersion

Poincare group Poles & zeros USE: Poincare invariance USE: Poles and zeros

Poincare invariance Poles and towers UF: Poincare group UF: Pylons BT: Transforms Towers Wood poles Poisons BT: Transmission lines USE: Toxicology RT: Power distribution lines Power transmission lines Poisson equation NT: Telephone poles USE: Poisson equations Poles and zeros Poisson equations UF: Poles & zeros UF: Poisson equation Roots BT: Partial differential equations Zeros RT: Electrostatics BT: Transfer functions RT: Circuits Polar cyclones Control systems USE: Cyclones Newton method Polynomials Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar BT: Synthetic aperture radar Police USE: Law enforcement Polarimetry UF: Solar polarimetry Polishing machines BT: Electromagnetic BT: Production equipment measurements RT: Deburring RT: Ellipsometry Rough surfaces Optical retarders Surface finishing Surface roughness Polarisation USE: Polarization Pollution BT: Environmental factors Polarization RT: Contamination UF: Circular polarisation Design for disassembly Circular polarization Environmental economics Polarisation Green products This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 370 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Occupational health RT: Dielectric thin films Pollution control Pollution measurement Polymer foams Sewage treatment BT: Materials Toxicology RT: Insulation Waste disposal Insulators NT: Air pollution Metal foam Industrial pollution Resins Land pollution Oil pollution Polymer gels Radioactive pollution BT: Materials Thermal pollution Urban pollution Polymer led Water pollution USE: Organic light emitting diodes Pollution control BT: Environmental Polymers management UF: Electroactive polymers RT: Carbon emissions BT: Materials Decontamination RT: Colloidal lithography Electrostatic precipitators Plastics Environmental monitoring NT: Azobenzene Greenhouse effect Liquid crystal polymers Ozonation Optical polymers Pollution Polycaprolactone Pollution measurement Polyethylene Sewage treatment Polyimides Sludge treatment Polynomials Pollution measurement BT: Equations BT: Measurement RT: Poles and zeros RT: Environmental monitoring Pollution PON Pollution control USE: Passive optical networks

Polonium Porcelain BT: Chemical elements BT: Ceramics RT: Ceramic products Polycaprolactone Ceramics industry BT: Polymers RT: Smart materials Porous silicon BT: Silicon Polyethylene BT: Polymers Portable computers NT: Thermoplastic polyethylene UF: Laptops Portable PCs Polyimides BT: Microcomputers BT: Polymers NT: Handheld computers

Polymer coatings Portable document format USE: Polymer films UF: PDF BT: Document handling Polymer films RT: Document image UF: Polymer coatings processing BT: Films This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 371 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Portable media players Orientation measurement UF: MP3 Source location Portable Multimedia players BT: Mechanical variables Portable video players measurement iPOD RT: Direction-of-arrival BT: Audio systems estimation Digital communication Distance measurement Home automation Gaze tracking RT: Digital audio broadcasting Geodesy Tablet computers Location awareness Navigation Portable Multimedia players Tracking USE: Portable media players Position sensitive particle detectors Portable PCs BT: Ionizing radiation sensors USE: Portable computers RT: High energy physics instrumentation computing Portable video players Nuclear measurements USE: Portable media players Particle measurements Semiconductor counters Portals BT: Management information Positive train control systems BT: Control systems RT: Information retrieval Rail transportation Web sites RT: Feedback

Portfolios Positron emission tomography UF: Electronic portfolios UF: PET BT: Professional BT: Tomography communication RT: Biomedical applications of radiation Ports (Computers) Medical diagnostic imaging BT: Computer interfaces Nuclear medicine RT: Computer networks Phantoms Hardware Tumors Information exchange NT: Whole-body PET

Pose estimation Positrons BT: Estimation BT: Elementary particles RT: Computer vision Possibility theory Position control BT: Probability UF: Orientation control RT: Fuzzy logic BT: Mechanical variables Nonlinear dynamical control systems RT: Attitude control Capacitive transducers Post human Manipulators USE: Posthuman Mechanical guides Servosystems Post-filtering algorithm NT: Nanopositioning USE: Filtering algorithms

Position measurement Post-human UF: Attitude determination USE: Posthuman Orientation determination This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 372 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Post-wall waveguides Predistortion USE: Substrate integrated waveguides Power and energy standards BT: Standards categories Postal services UF: Mail Power cable insulation BT: Message systems BT: Cable insulation RT: Electronic mail RT: Power cables

Posthuman Power cables UF: Post human BT: Cables Post-human Power transmission lines BT: Systems, man, and RT: Conductors cybernetics Power cable insulation RT: Artificial intelligence Power distribution lines Transhuman NT: Underground power cables

Postscript Power capacitors USE: Page description languages BT: Capacitors NT: Supercapacitors Potassium BT: Chemical elements Power combiners BT: Waveguide components Potential energy RT: Microstrip components BT: Energy conservation Power dividers RT: Kinetic energy Stripline components Mechanical energy Power conditioning Potential transformers BT: Power electronics USE: Voltage transformers RT: Power conversion Pulse width modulation Potential well converters UF: Potential wells NT: Power smoothing Quantum confinement BT: Energy conversion Power consumption USE: Power demand Potential wells USE: Potential well Power control BT: Electric variables control Potentiometers RT: Electric current control BT: Meters Power factor correction RT: Resistors Pulse width modulation Voltage measurement converters

Powders Power conversion BT: Coatings BT: Converters RT: Ceramics RT: Choppers (circuits) Maximum power point Power amplifiers trackers UF: Radio frequency power Nonlinear circuits amplifiers Power conditioning Radiofrequency power Power electronics amplifiers Power semiconductor BT: Amplifiers devices NT: High power amplifiers Power supplies This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 373 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Pulse width modulation RT: Conductors converters Poles and towers Regulators Power cables Switched systems NT: AC-AC converters Power distribution transformers AC-DC power converters USE: Power transformers DC-AC power converters DC-DC power converters Power dividers Matrix converters BT: Waveguide components Power conversion RT: Microstrip components harmonics Power combiners Voltage-source converters Stripline components

Power conversion harmonics Power electronics BT: Power conversion UF: Electric power RT: Harmonic distortion RT: High-voltage techniques Matrix converters Power demand Power conversion UF: Power consumption Power filters BT: Power supplies Pulse width modulation Power system planning converters RT: Electricity supply industry Rectifiers Energy conservation Resonant inverters Energy resources Switching converters Load management Voltage-source converters Load modeling NT: Adiabatic Power distribution Converters NT: Demand response Current limiters Load forecasting Gate drivers Inverters Power dissipation Phase control BT: Circuits Power conditioning RT: CMOS logic circuits Power semiconductor MOSFET circuits devices Nanotechnology Power semiconductor Power transmission switches System-on-chip Snubbers Three-phase electric power Power distribution UF: Distribution of electric Power engineering power BT: Power engineering and BT: Power systems energy RT: Electricity supply industry RT: Power engineering Industrial power systems education Power demand NT: Ferroresonance Transactive energy High-voltage techniques NT: Power distribution faults Power engineering Power distribution lines computing Power system simulation Power distribution faults BT: Power distribution Power engineering and energy RT: Electrochemical devices Power distribution lines NT: Electric variables control UF: Overhead distribution lines Energy BT: Power distribution Power engineering This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 374 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Power generation Power supplies Power systems Pulse power systems Space power stations Power engineering computing NT: Automatic generation BT: Computer applications control Power engineering Cogeneration RT: Power system analysis Distributed power computing generation Geothermal power Power engineering education generation BT: Engineering education Hydroelectric power RT: Power engineering generation Magnetohydrodynamic Power exchange power generation USE: Power markets Nuclear power generation Power generation control Power factor Power generation dispatch USE: Reactive power Power generation planning Solar power generation Power factor correction Trigeneration BT: Electric current control Turbomachinery Load flow control Wind energy generation RT: Power control Wind power generation Power transmission Voltage control Power generation control BT: Automatic control Power filters Power generation UF: Power line filters BT: Filters Power generation dispatch RT: Power electronics BT: Power generation NT: Spurline Power generation economics Power flow BT: Economics USE: Load flow RT: Power generation NT: Electricity supply industry Power flow analysis deregulation USE: Load flow analysis Power generation planning Power flow control BT: Power generation USE: Load flow control Power grids Power generation UF: Electricity grids UF: Generation of electric BT: Power systems power RT: Wind energy integration Output power NT: Microgrids Power plants Smart grids Power stations BT: Power engineering and Power harmonic filters energy BT: Power system harmonics RT: Batteries Fuel cells Power harvesting Generators USE: Energy harvesting Microgrids Power generation Power industry economics UF: Electric utilities This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 375 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Industries Power MOSFET RT: Offshore installations BT: MOSFET circuits Power system faults RT: Power semiconductor Telecontrol equipment devices NT: Electrical equipment industry Power outages Electricity supply industry USE: Power system reliability Nuclear facility regulation Power system Power overhead lines interconnection BT: Power transmission lines RT: Railway electrification Power injection molding USE: Injection molding Power plants USE: Power generation Power injection moulding USE: Injection molding Power pools USE: Power markets Power integrated circuits BT: Circuits Power quality Integrated circuits UF: Power supply quality RT: Power semiconductor Voltage sags devices BT: Power supplies RT: Electricity supply industry Power lasers Power system harmonics BT: Lasers Power system transients RT: Power semiconductor devices Power semiconductor devices BT: Power electronics Power line communications Semiconductor devices BT: Transmission lines RT: Power MOSFET Power conversion Power line filters Power integrated circuits USE: Power filters Power lasers NT: Power transistors Power management USE: Power system management Power semiconductor switches BT: Power electronics Power markets Semiconductor devices UF: Electricity markets NT: Bipolar transistors Electricity trading Thyristors Power exchange Power pools Power smoothing Power trading BT: Power conditioning Power wheeling BT: Electricity supply industry Power spectra deregulation USE: Spectral analysis RT: Power transmission Transactive energy Power stations USE: Power generation Power measurement BT: Electric variables Power stations (space) measurement USE: Space power stations RT: Wattmeters NT: Dynamometers Power stations (substations) USE: Substations This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 376 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Power systems Power steering RT: Electricity supply industry BT: Automotive engineering deregulation Transactive energy Power supplies BT: Power systems Power system faults RT: Power conversion BT: Power systems Power generation RT: Electricity supply industry Pulse power systems Error correction Uninterruptible power Fuzzy set theory systems Power industry NT: Battery chargers Power system protection Charging stations Signal analysis Current supplies Emergency power supplies Power system harmonics Inductive charging BT: Power systems Islanding RT: Power quality Power demand NT: Power harmonic filters Power quality Power system restoration Power system interconnection Switched mode power BT: Power industry supplies RT: Power systems Traction power supplies Power transmission Umbilical cable Power system management Power supplies to apparatus UF: Power management USE: Umbilical cable Telecommunication power management Power supply industry BT: Power systems USE: Electricity supply industry RT: Microgrids Monitoring Power supply quality Preventive maintenance USE: Power quality NT: Load flow

Power system analysis computing Power system measurements BT: Computer applications BT: Power systems Power systems NT: Meter reading RT: Digital simulation Modeling Power system modeling Parameter estimation BT: Modeling Power engineering RT: Power systems computing NT: Load modeling Software packages Power system planning Power system control BT: Power systems BT: Electric variables control RT: Demand-side management RT: Power systems Electricity supply industry NT: Bidirectional power flow NT: Power demand Load flow control SCADA systems Power system protection BT: Power systems Power system dynamics Product safety engineering BT: Power systems RT: Arresters Circuit breakers Power system economics Fuses This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 377 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Grounding Power system Power system faults interconnection Power system transients Power system modeling Protective relaying Power system relaying NT: Electrical safety Power system restoration Substation protection Power system security Surge protection Power system simulation Skin effect Power system relaying Telecontrol equipment BT: Relays Time-frequency analysis RT: Power systems Voltage fluctuations Protective relaying NT: Hybrid power systems Industrial power systems Power system reliability PSCAD UF: Power outages Power distribution BT: Power systems Power grids RT: Microgrids Power supplies Power system stability Power system analysis Reliability computing Power system dynamics Power system restoration Power system economics BT: Power supplies Power system faults RT: Electricity supply industry Power system harmonics Power systems Power system management Power system Power system security measurements BT: Security Power system planning RT: Load flow analysis Power system protection Power systems Power system reliability Reactive power control Power system stability Power transmission Power system simulation Pulse power systems BT: Power engineering Reactive power RT: Power systems Substations Transformers Power system stability Uninterruptible power BT: Power systems systems RT: Power system reliability Wind energy integration

Power system transients Power Systems Computer Aided Design BT: Electromagnetic transients USE: PSCAD RT: Arresters Power quality Power trading Power system protection USE: Power markets NT: Transient analysis Power transformer insulation Power systems BT: Power transformers UF: Electric power RT: Insulation BT: Power engineering and energy Power transformers RT: Civil engineering UF: Power distribution Mechanical power transformers transmission BT: Transformers Power system control RT: Transformer cores Windings This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 378 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: On load tap changers Praeseodymium Power transformer USE: Praseodymium insulation Pragmatics Power transistors UF: Linguistics BT: Power semiconductor BT: Semiotics devices RT: Communication symbols RT: Driver circuits Context Natural language Power transmission processing UF: Transmission of electric Professional power communication BT: Power systems RT: Electric current control Praseodymium Load flow analysis UF: Praeseodymium Magnetic gears BT: Chemical elements Power dissipation Power factor correction Pre-college programs Power markets BT: Educational programs Power system interconnection Preamplifiers Power transmission lines BT: Amplifiers NT: Common Information Model (electricity) Precision engineering Flexible AC transmission BT: Engineering - general systems RT: Industrial engineering HVDC transmission Mechanical engineering Inductive power transmission Precoding Static VAr compensators BT: Encoding Transmission lines Wireless power Predator prey systems transmission UF: Predator-prey models Predator-prey systems Power transmission lines BT: Biology UF: Overhead transmission Mathematics lines RT: Chaos BT: Transmission lines Differential equations RT: Conductors Game theory Poles and towers Nonlinear dynamical Power transmission systems Superconducting Stability transmission lines NT: Gas insulated transmission Predator-prey models lines USE: Predator prey systems Power cables Power overhead lines Predator-prey systems USE: Predator prey systems Power wheeling USE: Power markets Prediction algorithms BT: Algorithms Powertrain USE: Mechanical power Prediction methods transmission BT: Artificial intelligence RT: Estimation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 379 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Forecasting Preforms Gaussian processes BT: Assembly Kalman filters Prediction theory Pregnancy Signal processing UF: Pregnant Spectral analysis BT: Medical conditions Speech processing NT: Linear predictive coding Pregnancy test Predictive coding BT: Medical tests Predictive encoding Predictive models Pregnant USE: Pregnancy Prediction theory BT: Statistics Presence network agents RT: Artificial intelligence UF: PNAs Estimation BT: Communications Prediction methods technology

Predictive coding Presses BT: Prediction methods BT: Machine tools RT: Dies Predictive control Pressing UF: Model predictive control Model-predictive control Pressing BT: Process control BT: Materials processing RT: Control engineering RT: Presses

Predictive encoding Pressure control BT: Prediction methods BT: Control systems

Predictive maintenance Pressure effects BT: Maintenance engineering BT: Mechanical factors RT: Meteorology Predictive models Piezooptic effects BT: Prediction methods Piezoresistance

Predistortion Pressure gauges UF: Inverse distortion BT: Instruments BT: Power amplifiers RT: Atmospheric RT: Nonlinear distortion measurements Density measurement Prefabricated buildings Fluid flow measurement USE: Prefabricated construction Force measurement Geophysical measurements Prefabricated construction Pressure measurement UF: Prefabricated buildings Pressure sensors BT: Construction Torque measurement Construction industry RT: Building materials Pressure measurement Buildings BT: Measurement Modular construction RT: Piezoresistive devices Pressure gauges Prefetching Pressure sensors BT: Instruction sets Tactile sensors NT: Altimetry This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 380 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Tire pressure Printers Pressure sensors BT: Computer peripherals BT: Sensors RT: Printing RT: Pressure gauges Pressure measurement Printing BT: Information technology Pressure vessels RT: Character generation BT: Mechanical products Ink RT: Concrete Lithography Fission reactors Printers Mechanical engineering Printing machinery Steel Publishing Typesetting Preventive maintenance NT: Digital printing BT: Maintenance engineering Ink jet printing RT: Accident prevention Teleprinting Power system management Three-dimensional printing Reliability Safety Printing machinery NT: Condition monitoring UF: Printing presses BT: Machinery Pricing RT: Printing BT: Financial management Printing presses Primary motor cortex USE: Printing machinery BT: Brain Privacy Principal component analysis BT: Technology social factors UF: PCA RT: Authorization BT: Statistical analysis Communication system RT: Feature extraction security Independent component Computer security analysis Cryptography Linear systems Cyberethics Operations research Data privacy Pattern recognition Data protection Transform coding Data security Malware Print readers NT: Eavesdropping USE: Character recognition Privacy preserving data mining Printed circuit boards USE: Data privacy USE: Printed circuits Privatisation Printed circuits USE: Privatization UF: Circuit boards Printed circuit boards Privatization BT: Circuits UF: Privatisation RT: Electronics packaging BT: Macroeconomics Integrated circuit layout RT: Industrial economics Substrates Wiring Prize Paper awards NT: Flexible printed circuits BT: IEEE Awards activities Memory modules This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 381 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Probabilistic computing BT: Cognitive science BT: Computers and information RT: Human factors processing Process control Probabilistic logic BT: Industrial control BT: Logic RT: Bleaching RT: Mixture models Chemical reactors Continuous production Probability Manufacturing automation BT: Mathematics Process design RT: Distribution functions Process modeling Fourier transforms Process planning Information geometry Production control Maximum likelihood NT: Predictive control detection Three-term control Monte Carlo methods Two-term control Random processes Statistical analysis Process design Statistics BT: Design methodology Stochastic processes RT: Chemical engineering Stochastic systems Design for disassembly Viterbi algorithm Design for quality Weibull distribution Process control NT: Ant colony optimization Process planning Bayes methods Product design Error probability Service computing Forecasting NT: Pattern formation Memoryless systems Process modeling Pairwise error probability Possibility theory Process modeling Probability distribution BT: Modeling Random variables Process design Statistical distributions RT: Process control Uncertainty Process planning Probability computing BT: Management BT: Computers and information Production processing Production management Production planning Probability density function RT: Process control BT: Integral equations Process design RT: Distribution functions NT: Business process integration Probability distribution Business process BT: Probability management NT: Exponential distribution Cause effect analysis Log-normal distribution Maxwell-Boltzmann Processor scheduling distribution UF: Multiprocessor scheduling Nakagami distribution BT: Concurrency control Multiprocessing systems Probes RT: Microprocessors BT: Instruments Optimization methods NT: Scheduling algorithms Problem-solving This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 382 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Processors (program) Product life cycle USE: Program processors management Software product lines Procurement Time to market BT: Supply chain management RT: Contracts Product liability Logistics BT: Legal factors Proposals RT: Consumer products Supply chains Product safety Quality assurance Product codes Quality management BT: Codes NT: Warranties RT: Decoding Error correction Product life cycle management Radiofrequency UF: System life cycle identification management NT: Bar codes BT: Product development NT: Prognostics and health Product customisation management USE: Product customization Product safety Product customization BT: Safety UF: Product customisation RT: Accidents BT: Product development Consumer products RT: Customer satisfaction Product liability Manufactured products Product design Product safety engineering RT: Software safety Product design NT: Consumer protection BT: Design methodology Power system protection RT: Concurrent engineering Safety Design for disassembly Vehicle crash testing Design for quality Design tools Product warranties Group technology USE: Warranties Manufactured products Process design Product warranty Product customization USE: Warranties Product development Prototypes Production Requirements engineering BT: Industry applications RT: Containers Product development Wheels BT: Crowdsourcing Wire drawing Engineering management NT: Ball milling RT: Brand management Compression molding Manufactured products Embossing Product design Food products Quality function deployment Group technology Rapid prototyping Injection molding Reverse engineering Materials processing Virtual prototyping Mechanical products NT: Graphical user interfaces Process planning Product customization Production control Production engineering This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 383 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Production equipment Mining equipment Production facilities Molding equipment Production management Packaging machines Production materials Paper making machines Production systems Polishing machines Productivity Soldering equipment Shafts Springs Production facilities Suspensions UF: Factories Transfer molding Manufacturing facilities BT: Production Production control RT: Manufacturing BT: Industrial control Warehousing Production NT: Foundries RT: Adaptive scheduling Greenhouses Cellular manufacturing Industrial plants Group technology Machine shops Inventory control Paper mills Manufacturing Process control Production management Production systems UF: Manufacturing Supply chain management management NT: Continuous production BT: Management Lot sizing Production Optimized production RT: Continuous improvement technology Continuous production Scheduling Industrial engineering Inventory control Production economics Lean production USE: Industrial economics Mass production Production engineering Production engineering Productivity BT: Engineering - general Research and development Production management RT: Industrial engineering Technology management Inventory management Waste management Manufacturing NT: Control charts Manufacturing systems Inventory management Production equipment Lead time reduction Production management Logistics Production materials Process planning NT: Production planning Production planning

Production equipment Production materials BT: Production BT: Materials RT: Gears Production Machinery RT: Additives Materials handling Cast iron equipment Chemical products Production engineering Hydraulic fluids NT: Applicators Production engineering Clamps NT: Abrasives Cutting tools Aerospace materials Fixtures Automotive materials Machine tools Inhibitors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 384 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Ink Semantics Joining materials Semiotics Lubricants Syntactics Retardants NT: Collaboration Communication aids Production planning Communication BT: Production engineering effectiveness Production management Communication symbols RT: Demand forecasting Context Lead time reduction Databases Optimized production Global communication technology Grammar NT: Capacity planning Information analysis Materials requirements Information resources planning Information retrieval Process planning Information science Information services Production systems Information systems BT: Production Information technology RT: Discrete-event systems Manuals Industrial plants Meetings Manufacturing Oral communication Optimized production Plagiarism technology Portfolios Production control Professional societies NT: Assembly systems Public speaking Exhaust systems Rhetoric Intelligent manufacturing Writing systems Lean production Professional societies Manufacturing systems BT: Professional Steering systems communication

Productivity Profit sharing schemes UF: Labor productivity USE: Incentive schemes Labour productivity BT: Production Profitability RT: Business BT: Economics Human factors RT: Cost accounting Incentive schemes Econometrics Industrial psychology Financial management Management Productivity Manufacturing Personnel Progenitor cells Production management BT: Cells (biology) Profitability RT: Stem cells

Professional aspects Prognostics and health management BT: Engineering profession UF: PHM BT: Product life cycle Professional communication management UF: Technical communication RT: Collaborative work Program generators Cooperative communication USE: Automatic programming Pragmatics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 385 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Program management Programmable logic arrays UF: Programme management BT: Management Programmable read only memory RT: Project management USE: PROM Technical management Programme management Program processors USE: Program management UF: Assemblers (program) Compilers (program) Programmed instruction Interpreters (program) USE: Educational technology Multi-threaded systems Multi-threading systems Programming Multithreaded systems UF: Program profiling Multithreading systems BT: Computer science Processors (program) RT: Aerospace and electronic BT: System software systems RT: Input-output programs Flowcharts Operating systems Null value NT: Application specific Programming environments processors Runtime Graphics processing units Self-assembly Instruction sets Software Optimizing compilers Software debugging Software tools Program profiling Structured Query Language USE: Programming Syntactics NT: Augmented reality Programmable circuits Automatic programming BT: Circuits Concatenated codes NT: Field programmable analog Functional programming arrays Granular computing Programmable logic arrays Integer linear programming Programmable logic Logic programming devices Microprogramming Object oriented methods Programmable control Object oriented BT: Digital control programming RT: Industrial control Opportunistic software Manufacturing automation systems development NT: Flow graphs Parallel programming Performance analysis Programmable logic arrays Programming profession UF: PLA Robot programming BT: Circuits Logic arrays Programming environments Logic circuits BT: Software engineering Programmable circuits RT: Computer aided software RT: Programmable logic engineering devices Programming Software debugging Programmable logic devices Software tools BT: Circuits Logic devices Programming languages Programmable circuits USE: Computer languages RT: High level synthesis This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 386 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Programming profession Propagation UF: Computer programming UF: Wave equations profession Wave propagation BT: Programming BT: Waves RT: Employment RT: Damping Engineering profession Electromagnetic waveguides Project engineering NT: Attenuation BT: Engineering management Electromagnetic NT: Scheduling propagation Insertion loss Project management Nonlinear wave BT: Management propagation RT: Concurrent engineering Perfectly matched layers Lead time reduction Reflection Program management Scattering Requirements engineering Transient response Requirements management Research and development Propagation constant management BT: Electromagnetic Scrum (Software propagation development) System integration Propagation delay Technology management BT: Delay effects NT: Proposals Propagation loss Projectiles USE: Propagation losses BT: Weapons Propagation losses Projection algorithms UF: Propagation loss BT: Algorithms BT: Electromagnetic propagation Projective geometry BT: Geometry Propellants BT: Chemical products Projective shadowing USE: Shadow mapping Propellers BT: Aircraft propulsion projectors (optical) RT: Aircraft USE: Optical projectors Blades Engines PROM Impellers UF: Programmable read only Marine vehicles memory Shafts BT: Read only memory NT: EPROM Proportional + derivative control USE: PD control Promethium BT: Chemical elements Proportional + integral control USE: PI control Promotion - marketing UF: Sales promotion Proportional control BT: Marketing management BT: Control systems RT: Public relations Proportional derivative control This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 387 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: PD control Prosthetic limbs Proportional plus derivative control BT: Prosthetics USE: PD control Prosthetics Proportional-derivative control UF: Hip joint replacements USE: PD control Knee joint replacements Neural prostheses Proportional-integral control Prosthesis USE: PI control BT: Medical services RT: Assistive technology Proportional-integral controller Bioceramics USE: PI control Biological control systems Biomedical equipment Proportional-integral-derivative Medical control systems USE: PD control Orthotics Sensory aids Proportional-integral-derivative control NT: Artificial biological organs USE: PI control Artificial limbs Prosthetic hand Proportional-integral-derivative controller Prosthetic limbs USE: PI control Visual prosthesis

Proposals Protactinium UF: Technical proposals BT: Chemical elements BT: Project management RT: Contracts Protection Procurement BT: Safety Technical requirements RT: Circuit breakers Writing Fuses Galvanizing Propulsion Grounding BT: Vehicular and wireless Hazardous areas technologies Occupational safety RT: Engines Security Plasma jets Uninterruptible power Traction motors systems Vehicle-to-grid NT: Explosion protection NT: Aerospace propulsion Lightning protection Aircraft propulsion Radiation protection Electromagnetic launching Electrothermal launching Protection switching Rockets UF: Automatic protection switching Prosencephalon BT: Optical fiber networks USE: Forebrain Protective clothing Prostate cancer BT: Clothing BT: Cancer Safety devices RT: Clothing industry Prosthesis Eye protection USE: Prosthetics Occupational health Occupational safety Prosthetic hand Safety BT: Prosthetics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 388 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Protective relaying Multicast protocols UF: Distance relays Multiprotocol label Protective relays switching BT: Relays Routing protocols RT: Instrument transformers Transport protocols Power system protection Wireless application Power system relaying protocol

Protective relays Proton accelerators USE: Protective relaying BT: Particle accelerators RT: Ion accelerators Protein engineering Protons BT: Biomedical engineering Proton beam effects Protein sequence USE: Proton effects BT: Proteins Proton beams Proteins USE: Particle beams BT: Biochemistry RT: Proteotronics Proton effects NT: Protein sequence UF: Biological effects of protons Proton beam effects Proteomics BT: Electrothermal effects BT: Molecular biomarkers Quantum mechanics RT: Elementary particle Proteotronics exchange interactions BT: Nanoscale devices Elementary particles RT: Proteins High energy physics instrumentation computing Protocols Protons UF: Communication protocols Radiation effects BT: Communication systems Space vehicles RT: Ad hoc networks Thermal factors Bluetooth NT: Proton radiation effects Concurrency control Single event latchup Frame relay IEEE 802.11 Standard Proton radiation effects IEEE 802.11e Standard BT: Proton effects IEEE 802.11g Standard RT: Bipolar transistors IEEE 802.11n Standard Ion radiation effects IPTV Protons Internet of Things Radiation effects Local area networks Semiconductor devices Metropolitan area networks Silicon-on-insulator Multicarrier code division multiple access Proton therapy Software defined BT: Medical treatment networking RT: Biological effects of TCPIP radiation Wide area networks NT: Access protocols Protons Asynchronous transfer BT: Elementary particles mode RT: Cosmic rays Cryptographic protocols Ions Master-slave Proton accelerators This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 389 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Proton effects BT: Behavioral sciences Proton radiation effects RT: Medical treatment NT: Mental disorders Prototypes BT: Design methodology Psychoacoustic models RT: Laser sintering BT: Auditory system Product design NT: Masking threshold Stereolithography Virtual prototyping Psychoacoustics NT: Rapid prototyping BT: Acoustics RT: Auditory system Proximity effects UF: Current crowding Psychology BT: Electromagnetics UF: Emotional responses RT: Conductors BT: Behavioral sciences Lithography RT: Affective computing Cognition Pry and Bean model Cognitive science USE: Bean model Emotion recognition Employee welfare PSCAD Persuasive systems UF: Power Systems Computer Social engineering Aided Design (security) BT: Design automation NT: Industrial psychology Power systems Mood Software packages Neuropsychology Psychometric testing Pseudobinary semiconductors USE: Semiconductor materials Psychometric testing BT: Psychology Pseudomorphic HEMTs RT: Industrial psychology USE: PHEMTs Public domain software Pseudonoise coded communication BT: Open Access USE: Spread spectrum Software communication RT: Copyright protection Open source software Pseudonoise coded radar USE: Spread spectrum radar Public finance UF: Government borrowing Pseudorandom sequences Government expenditure USE: Random sequences BT: Governmental factors RT: Financial management PSK Government USE: Phase shift keying Macroeconomics

PSNR Public health UF: Peak signal to noise ratio USE: Public healthcare Peak signal-to-noise ratio BT: Signal to noise ratio Public healthcare UF: Public health pSPICE BT: Medical services USE: SPICE Public infrastructure Psychiatry BT: Asset management This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 390 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Electricity supply industry RT: Content management Environmental Middleware management Pattern recognition Government policies Queueing analysis Public policy Rural areas Publish-subscribe Urban areas BT: Distributed information Urban planning systems NT: Critical infrastructure Publish-subscribe systems Public key USE: Publish subscribe systems BT: Cryptography NT: Public key cryptography Publish/subscrbe systems USE: Publish subscribe systems Public key cryptography UF: Public key cryptosystems Publishing BT: Public key BT: Computer applications NT: Elliptic curve cryptography RT: Bibliographies Identity-based encryption Copyright protection Digital printing Public key cryptosystems Document handling USE: Public key cryptography Guidelines Plagiarism Public policy Printing BT: Government policies Text processing RT: Public infrastructure NT: Bibliometrics Company reports Public relations Desktop publishing BT: Management Electronic publishing RT: Customer relationship Open Access management Scientific publishing Marketing management Promotion - marketing Pulleys BT: Materials handling Public speaking equipment UF: Speechmaking RT: Freight handling BT: Oral communication Lifting equipment Professional Loading communication RT: Meetings Pulp and paper industry UF: Paper industry Public transportation BT: Manufacturing industries UF: Subways RT: Forestry Taxi Paper products Trolley cars Paper pulp Uber Paper technology BT: Transportation Pulp manufacturing RT: Light rail systems Spinning machines Rail transportation Wood industry Urban areas NT: Paper making Paper making machines Publish subscribe systems Paper mills UF: Publish-subscribe systems Publish/subscrbe systems Pulp manufacturing BT: Message systems BT: Manufacturing systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 391 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Paper making Pulse shaping methods Paper making machines UF: Pulse shaping Paper mills BT: Signal processing Paper pulp NT: Optical pulse shaping Pulp and paper industry Wood industry Pulse transformers BT: Transformers Pulse amplifiers BT: Amplifiers Pulse width modulated power converters USE: Pulse width modulation Pulse circuits converters UF: Bistable multivibrator BT: Circuits Pulse width modulation RT: Digital circuits UF: PWM NT: Flip-flops Pulsewidth modulation Pulsewidth-modulation Pulse compression methods BT: Modulation BT: Signal processing RT: AC generators NT: Optical pulse compression AC machines AC motors Pulse generation Converters UF: Impulse generation DC generators Pulse generators DC machines BT: Signal generators DC motors NT: Optical pulse generation Pulse width modulation converters Pulse generators NT: Pulse width modulation USE: Pulse generation inverters Space vector pulse width Pulse inverters modulation UF: Logic inverters BT: Inverters Pulse width modulation converters RT: Logic circuits UF: PWM converters PWM convertors Pulse measurements Pulse width modulated UF: Impulse measurements power converters BT: Measurement Pulse width modulation RT: Electric variables convertors measurement Pulsewidth modulation converters Pulse modulation Pulsewidth modulation BT: Modulation convertors RT: Demodulation BT: Converters RT: Power conditioning Pulse power systems Power control BT: Power systems Power conversion RT: Energy storage Power electronics High-voltage techniques Pulse width modulation Power generation Voltage-source converters Power supplies NT: Pulsed power supplies Pulse width modulation convertors USE: Pulse width modulation Pulse shaping converters USE: Pulse shaping methods Pulse width modulation inverters This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 392 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: PWM invertors Insulin pumps Pulse width modulation Micropumps invertors BT: Pulse width modulation Punching RT: AC motors BT: Materials processing AC-DC power converters RT: Sheet metal processing Converters DC motors Purification DC-DC power converters BT: Cleaning RT: Air cleaners Pulse width modulation invertors Decontamination USE: Pulse width modulation Refining inverters Sugar refining

Pulsed electroacoustic methods Pursuit algorithms BT: Acoustoelectric effects BT: Algorithms RT: Acoustoelectric devices Charge measurement PWM Insulation testing USE: Pulse width modulation Space charge PWM converters Pulsed laser deposition USE: Pulse width modulation BT: Chemical vapor deposition converters

Pulsed power supplies PWM convertors BT: Pulse power systems USE: Pulse width modulation converters Pulsewidth modulation USE: Pulse width modulation PWM invertors USE: Pulse width modulation Pulsewidth modulation converters inverters USE: Pulse width modulation converters Pylons USE: Poles and towers Pulsewidth modulation convertors USE: Pulse width modulation Pyroelectric devices converters BT: Dielectric devices RT: Pyroelectricity Pulsewidth-modulation USE: Pulse width modulation Pyroelectricity BT: Electricity Pump lasers Ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, BT: Lasers and frequency control RT: Ferroelectric materials Pumping of lasers Piezoelectricity USE: Laser excitation Pyroelectric devices Thermal factors Pumps BT: Machinery Q factor RT: Bellows USE: Q-factor Compressors Impellers Q measurement Turbomachinery BT: Electric variables NT: Fuel pumps measurement Heat pumps RT: Q-factor This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 393 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Standards Q-factor UF: Q factor Quality assessment Quality factor BT: Quality management BT: Electric variables RT: Capacitors Quality assurance Q measurement BT: Quality management RT: Consumer protection QAM Data integrity USE: Quadrature amplitude Design for quality modulation IEEE 802.11e Standard Product liability QCD vacuum Quality awards USE: Elementary particle vacuum Quality control Quality function deployment QFD Six sigma USE: Quality function deployment Total quality management NT: Best practices QFP USE: Electronics packaging Quality awards BT: Quality management QoE RT: Continuous improvement USE: Quality of experience Quality assurance Quality function deployment QoS Total quality management USE: Quality of service Quality control Qox BT: Quality management USE: Quality of experience RT: Contamination Coordinate measuring QPSK machines USE: Phase shift keying Data integrity Design for quality QR codes Failure analysis USE: Bar codes IEEE 802.11e Standard Quality assurance Quad flat packs Quality function deployment USE: Electronics packaging Reliability Six sigma Quadratic programming Total quality management BT: Optimization methods Quality factor Quadrature amplitude modulation USE: Q-factor UF: QAM BT: Amplitude modulation Quality function deployment UF: QFD Quadrature phase shift keying BT: Quality management BT: Phase shift keying RT: Concurrent engineering NT: Differential quadrature Product development phase shift keying Quality assurance Quality awards Qualifications Quality control BT: Training RT: Continuing professional Quality management development UF: ISO 9000 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 394 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Management Finite wordlength effects RT: Control charts Signal sampling Customer relationship NT: Vector quantization management Customer satisfaction Quantization effects Design for quality USE: Quantization (signal) ISO Standards Pareto analysis Quantization errors Product liability USE: Quantization (signal) Reliability System improvement Quantum capacitance NT: Quality assessment BT: Capacitance Quality assurance Quantum mechanics Quality awards RT: CNTFETs Quality control Quality function deployment Quantum cascade lasers Total quality management UF: Cascade lasers BT: Quantum well lasers Quality of experience RT: Quantum mechanics UF: QoE Qox Quantum cellular automata BT: Communication systems BT: Quantum computing Customer satisfaction RT: Quality of service Quantum communication USE: Communication systems Quality of service UF: QoS Quantum computing Quality-of-service BT: Computers and information BT: Communication systems processing Customer satisfaction Electron devices RT: IEEE 802.11e Standard NT: Quantum cellular automata IP networks Next generation networking Quantum confinement Quality of experience USE: Potential well Spatial diversity Telecommunication Quantum cryptography computing BT: Cryptography NT: Admission control Quantum mechanics

Quality-of-service Quantum dash USE: Quality of service USE: Quantum dots

Quantisation Quantum dot lasers USE: Quantization (signal) UF: Quantum-dot lasers BT: Semiconductor lasers Quantization (signal) RT: Quantum dots UF: Quantisation Quantum mechanics Quantization effects Quantum well lasers Quantization errors Signal quantisation Quantum dots Signal quantization UF: Quantum dash BT: Signal processing Quantum-dot RT: Analog-digital conversion Quantum-dots Data compression BT: Semiconductor devices Encoding RT: Nanocrystals This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 395 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Quantum dot lasers Two dimensional hole gas Quantum mechanics Quantum well lasers Quantum entanglement UF: Quantum-well lasers UF: Entangled states BT: Lasers BT: Quantum mechanics Quantum well devices RT: Teleportation Semiconductor devices Semiconductor lasers Quantum mechanics Solid lasers UF: Quantum theory RT: Quantum dot lasers BT: Physics Quantum mechanics RT: Laser theory Quantum wells Nanotechnology Semiconductor optical Philosophical amplifiers considerations Surface emitting lasers Quantum cascade lasers Two dimensional hole gas Quantum dot lasers NT: Quantum cascade lasers Quantum dots Quantum well devices Quantum wells Quantum well lasers UF: Semiconductor quantum Resonant frequency wells Solid-state physics BT: Electrons String theory Quantum well devices NT: Density functional theory RT: Quantum well lasers Lagrangian functions Surface emitting lasers Proton effects Two dimensional hole gas Quantum capacitance Quantum cryptography Quantum-dot Quantum entanglement USE: Quantum dots Relativistic quantum mechanics Quantum-dot lasers Schrodinger equation USE: Quantum dot lasers Stationary state Teleportation Quantum-dots Tunneling USE: Quantum dots

Quantum teleportation Quantum-well devices USE: Teleportation USE: Quantum well devices

Quantum theory Quantum-well lasers USE: Quantum mechanics USE: Quantum well lasers

Quantum vacuum Quantumwell devices USE: Elementary particle vacuum USE: Quantum well devices

Quantum well devices Quarter-wave plates UF: Quantum-well devices USE: Optical retarders Quantumwell devices BT: Electron devices Quasi-doping RT: Electrooptic modulators BT: Semiconductor device Quantum mechanics manufacture Resonant tunneling devices RT: Semiconductor device Tunneling doping NT: Quantum well lasers Quantum wells Quasi-resonant inverters This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 396 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Resonant inverters USE: Radiation hardening (electronics) Quasi-resonant invertors USE: Resonant inverters Rad-hard USE: Radiation hardening Quaternions (electronics) BT: Mathematics Radar Query evaluation UF: Microwave radar USE: Query processing BT: Aerospace and electronic systems Query languages Geoscience and remote USE: Database languages sensing RT: Microwave technology Query optimisation Radar detection USE: Query processing Radar scattering NT: Airborne radar Query optimization Bistatic radar USE: Query processing Cognitive radar Doppler radar Query pipeline Ground penetrating radar USE: Query processing Laser radar Meteorological radar Query process Millimeter wave radar USE: Query processing Multistatic radar Passive radar Query processing Radar applications UF: Query evaluation Radar clutter Query optimisation Radar cross-sections Query optimization Radar equipment Query pipeline Radar theory Query process Spaceborne radar Query routing Spread spectrum radar BT: Database systems Synthetic aperture radar RT: Linked data Ultra wideband radar NoSQL databases Semantic search Radar antennas BT: Antennas Query routing USE: Query processing Radar applications BT: Radar Queueing analysis RT: Oceanographic techniques UF: Queueing theory NT: Radar countermeasures BT: Traffic control Radar detection RT: Publish subscribe systems Radar imaging Scheduling Radar measurements Radar polarimetry Queueing theory Radar remote sensing USE: Queueing analysis Radar tracking

Rabbits Radar clutter BT: Animals BT: Radar RT: Jamming Rad hardened Radar countermeasures This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 397 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Electronic warfare Radar polarimetry Radar applications UF: SAR imaging RT: Adaptive arrays Synthetic aperture radar Electronic countermeasures imaging Jamming BT: Radar applications Spread spectrum radar Radar remote sensing Radar cross section BT: Radar applications USE: Radar cross-sections RT: Spaceborne radar

Radar cross sections Radar scattering USE: Radar cross-sections BT: Electromagnetic scattering RT: Radar Radar cross-section USE: Radar cross-sections Radar signal processing BT: Signal processing Radar cross-sections UF: Radar cross section Radar theory Radar cross sections BT: Radar Radar cross-section BT: Radar Radar tracking Radar measurements BT: Radar applications Reflection RT: Target tracking

Radar detection Radial basis function networks BT: Radar applications UF: RBF networks Signal detection Radial basis function neural RT: Ground penetrating radar networks Passive radar BT: Neural networks Radar RT: Artificial intelligence Ultra wideband radar Computer networks Cybernetics Radar equipment Interpolation BT: Radar Radial basis function neural networks Radar imaging USE: Radial basis function BT: Radar applications networks RT: Ground penetrating radar Landmine detection Radiation counters Meteorological radar USE: Radiation detectors Passive radar Remote sensing Radiation detection Synthetic aperture radar USE: Radiation detectors Ultra wideband radar Radiation detector circuits Radar interferometry BT: Circuits BT: Interferometry RT: Counting circuits NT: Synthetic aperture radar Radiation detectors interferometry Radiation detectors Radar measurements UF: Counters BT: Radar applications Particle detectors RT: Remote sensing Radiation counters NT: Radar cross-sections Radiation detection Ratemeters This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 398 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Ionizing radiation sensors RT: Ionizing radiation RT: Atomic measurements Satellite communication Dosimetry Total ionizing dose Nuclear measurements Phototransistors Radiation imaging Radiation detector circuits BT: Imaging Radiation monitoring RT: Biomedical imaging Spectroscopy X-ray detectors Radiation monitoring NT: Bolometers UF: Health physics Gamma-ray detectors Personnel monitoring Infrared detectors BT: Monitoring Photodetectors Nuclear and plasma Semiconductor radiation sciences detectors RT: Dosimetry Silicon radiation detectors Radiation detectors Radiation effects Radiation dosage Radiation protection BT: Radiation monitoring Radioactive pollution Reactor instrumentation Radiation dosimetry NT: Radiation dosage USE: Dosimetry Radiation pattern Radiation effects USE: Antenna radiation patterns UF: Irradiation BT: Nuclear and plasma Radiation protection sciences UF: Radiation shielding RT: Biomedical applications of Radiological protection radiation BT: Protection Brachytherapy Radiation safety High energy physics RT: Biological effects of instrumentation computing radiation Proton effects Contamination Proton radiation effects Dosimetry Radiation monitoring Fission reactors Radiation protection Radiation effects Safety Radiation monitoring NT: Biological effects of Radioactive pollution radiation Gamma-ray effects Radiation safety Ion radiation effects BT: Nuclear and plasma Neutron radiation effects sciences Scintillators Safety Single event latchup NT: Radiation protection Space radiation Terahertz radiation Radiation shielding Total ionizing dose USE: Radiation protection

Radiation hardening (electronics) Radiation therapy UF: Rad hardened USE: Biomedical applications of Rad-hard radiation BT: Electronic equipment manufacture Radiative recombination Nuclear and plasma BT: Spontaneous emission sciences RT: Semiconductor materials This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 399 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Millimeter wave Radiators (automotive) communication USE: Automotive components Near field communication Packet radio networks Radio access networks Passband UF: RAN Personal area networks BT: Telecommunications Radio broadcasting RT: 3G mobile communication Radio communication 4G mobile communication countermeasures Land mobile radio Radio frequency Radio communication Radio link Telecommunication Radio spectrum services management Satellite communication Radio astronomy Satellite ground stations UF: Radio telescopes Software radio BT: Antennas and propagation ZigBee Astronomy RT: Reflector antennas Radio communication countermeasures Telescopes BT: Communication system security Radio broadcasting Radio communication BT: Broadcasting RT: Adaptive arrays Radio communication Electronic countermeasures RT: Digital multimedia Electronic warfare broadcasting Jamming NT: Frequency modulation Spread spectrum Radio networks communication

Radio communication Radio communication equipment BT: Communication systems BT: Communication equipment RT: Bandwidth RT: Antennas Convolutional codes Radio communication Cross layer design Telephone equipment Diversity methods NT: Base stations Film bulk acoustic Ham radios resonators Land mobile radio IEEE 802.11 Standard equipment IEEE 802.11g Standard Radio transceivers IEEE 802.11n Standard Transponders IEEE 802.15 Standard MIMO communication Radio control Mobile communication BT: Control systems NOMA Radio access networks Radio frequency Radio communication UF: RF equipment Radio-frequency Radio propagation Radiofrequency SIMO communication BT: Radio communication SISO communication RT: Light fidelity Wireless LAN Wireless fidelity NT: Baseband Bluetooth Radio frequency identification Indoor radio communication USE: Radiofrequency Land mobile radio identification This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 400 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Spectrum management Radio frequency integrated circuits BT: Radio communication USE: Radiofrequency integrated RT: Communication standards circuits NT: Direct sequence spread spectrum communication Radio frequency interference White spaces USE: Radiofrequency interference Radio telescopes USE: Radio astronomy Radio frequency power amplifiers USE: Power amplifiers Radio transceivers BT: Radio communication Radio interference equipment USE: Electromagnetic Transceivers interference NT: Dynamic spectrum access

Radio interferometry Radio transmitters UF: Radiowave interferometry BT: Transmitters BT: Interferometry Radio-frequency Radio LAN USE: Radio frequency USE: Wireless LAN Radio-frequency identification Radio link USE: Radiofrequency BT: Radio communication identification RT: Transport protocols Radioactive decay Radio navigation BT: Radioactive materials UF: Loran BT: Navigation Radioactive materials RT: Air traffic control UF: Alphavoltaic power sources Indoor navigation Betavoltaic power sources Satellite navigation systems Radioisotopes Transponders BT: Materials RT: Isotopes Radio networks Neutrino sources BT: Radio broadcasting Occupational health Occupational safety Radio propagation Radioactive pollution BT: Electromagnetic Safety propagation NT: Nuclear fuels RT: Fading channels Radioactive decay Multipath channels Radioactive waste Radio communication Radiowave propagation Radioactive pollution Rayleigh channels UF: Nuclear wastes BT: Pollution Radio receivers RT: Hazardous areas USE: Receivers Incineration Industrial pollution Radio resource management Land pollution USE: Resource management Radiation monitoring Radiation protection Radio spectrum management Radioactive materials UF: Frequency allocation Radioactive waste This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 401 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Radioactive waste disposal MMICs Safety Radiofrequency Waste materials identification

Radioactive waste Radiofrequency interference BT: Radioactive materials UF: Radio frequency Waste materials interference RT: Hazardous areas BT: Electromagnetic Hazardous materials interference Incineration RT: Superconducting filters Materials handling Nuclear facility regulation Radiofrequency micro-electro-mechanical Nuclear fuels systems Radioactive pollution USE: Radiofrequency Waste disposal microelectromechanical systems Waste management NT: Radioactive waste disposal Radiofrequency micro-electromechanical systems Radioactive waste disposal USE: Radiofrequency BT: Radioactive waste microelectromechanical systems Waste disposal RT: Incineration Radiofrequency microelectromechanical Materials handling systems Radioactive pollution UF: RF micro-electro- Vitrification mechanical systems Waste handling RF microelectromechanical systems Radiofrequency Radiofrequency micro- USE: Radio frequency electro-mechanical systems Radiofrequency micro- Radiofrequency amplifiers electromechanical systems UF: Radiofrequency power BT: Microelectromechanical amplifiers systems BT: Amplifiers Radiofrequency power amplifiers Radiofrequency identification USE: Power amplifiers AND UF: RFID Radiofrequency amplifiers Radio frequency identification Radiographic image enhancement Radio-frequency BT: Biomedical image identification processing BT: Sensor systems and applications Radiography RT: Internet of Things BT: Imaging Product codes RT: Biomedical applications of Radiofrequency integrated radiation circuits Medical diagnosis NT: RFID tags Nuclear imaging X-ray detection Radiofrequency integrated circuits X-ray imaging UF: RFIC NT: Diagnostic radiography Radio frequency integrated circuits Radioisotope thermoelectric generators BT: Integrated circuits BT: Atomic batteries RT: MIMICs This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 402 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Radioisotopes MOSFET circuits USE: Radioactive materials Rail to rail inputs Rail to rail outputs Radiological protection USE: Radiation protection Rail to rail inputs UF: RRI Radiology BT: Rail to rail operation BT: Biomedical image RT: Nonlinear circuits processing Rail to rail amplifiers NT: Neuroradiology Rail to rail operation Radiometers BT: Circuits BT: Meters RT: Amplifiers Radiometry CMOSFET circuits NT: Spectroradiometers MODFET circuits MOSFET circuits Radiometry NT: Rail to rail amplifiers BT: Electromagnetic Rail to rail inputs measurements Rail to rail outputs Geoscience and remote sensing Rail to rail outputs RT: Imaging UF: RRO Photometry BT: Rail to rail operation Remote sensing RT: Nonlinear circuits Temperature measurement Rail to rail amplifiers NT: Microwave radiometry Radiometers Rail traffic USE: Rail transportation Radiowave interferometry USE: Radio interferometry Rail transportation UF: High speed rail Radiowave propagation transportation BT: Electromagnetic High-speed rail propagation transportation RT: Radio propagation Highspeed rail transportation Radium Rail line BT: Chemical elements Rail lines Rail traffic Radomes Rail ways BT: Antenna accessories Railways BT: Land transportation Radon RT: Land vehicles BT: Chemical elements Magnetic levitation Public transportation Rail line NT: Light rail systems USE: Rail transportation Positive train control Railway communication Rail lines Railway electrification USE: Rail transportation Rail ways Rail to rail amplifiers USE: Rail transportation BT: Rail to rail operation RT: Amplifiers Railguns MODFET circuits BT: Electromagnetic launching This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 403 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Rails Raleigh fading channels Rails USE: Rayleigh channels BT: Structural shapes RT: Flanges RAM Railguns USE: Random access memory

Railway accidents Raman effect UF: Derailments USE: Raman scattering BT: Accidents RT: Railway engineering Raman scattering Railway safety UF: Raman effect Raman spectroscopy Railway bridges BT: Electromagnetic scattering USE: Structural panels Nonlinear optics

Railway communication Raman spectroscopy BT: Rail transportation USE: Raman scattering Telecommunications RAN Railway electrification USE: Radio access networks BT: Rail transportation AND RT: Power overhead lines Regional area networks

Railway engineering Random access communication BT: Civil engineering USE: Multiaccess communication RT: Railway accidents NT: Railway safety Random access memory UF: RAM Railway safety Random access storage BT: Railway engineering BT: Memory RT: Railway accidents NT: DRAM chips Safety devices Phase change random access memory Railways Resistive RAM USE: Rail transportation SDRAM SRAM cells Rain SRAM chips BT: Meteorology RT: Floods Random access storage Monsoons USE: Random access memory

Rain fades Random media USE: Rain fading UF: Turbulent media BT: Media Rain fading RT: Chaos UF: Rain fades Nonhomogeneous media BT: Interference Random number generation RAKE receivers BT: Cryptography BT: Receivers RT: Random sequences RT: Signal to noise ratio Stochastic processes White noise Raleigh fading USE: Rayleigh channels Random processes This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 404 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Mathematics RT: Algorithms Rate distortion Probability USE: Rate-distortion Signal processing Statistical analysis Rate distortion theory Time series analysis BT: Information theory NT: Brownian motion RT: Audio coding Channel coding Random sequences Channel spacing UF: Pseudorandom sequences Distortion BT: Sequences Image coding RT: Cryptography Signal analysis Random number Signal processing generation Source coding Speech coding Random variables Video coding BT: Probability NT: Channel rate control RT: Stochastic processes Stochastic systems Rate-distortion UF: Rate distortion Ranging BT: Information theory USE: Distance measurement RT: Data compression

Ranking (statistics) Ratemeters BT: Statistics USE: Radiation detectors RT: Information retrieval Ontologies Rats Search methods BT: Animals Semantic Web Vocabulary Raw materials BT: Materials Ransomware RT: Mining industry USE: Malware Ray tracing Rapid prototyping UF: Ray-tracing BT: Prototypes BT: Geometrical optics RT: CADCAM Optics Design methodology RT: Computer graphics Manufacturing processes Stray light Product development Software engineering Ray-tracing Three-dimensional printing USE: Ray tracing Virtual prototyping Rayleigh channels Rapid thermal annealing UF: Raleigh fading BT: Annealing Raleigh fading channels RT: Semiconductor devices Rayleigh-fading BT: Fading channels Rapid thermal processing RT: Radio propagation BT: High-temperature techniques Rayleigh scattering RT: Heating systems BT: Electromagnetic scattering

Rare earth metals Rayleigh-Benard convection BT: Metals USE: Convection This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 405 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Writing Rayleigh-fading USE: Rayleigh channels Readability tests USE: Readability metrics RBF networks USE: Radial basis function Readout electronics networks BT: Displays RT: Detectors RDF SQUIDs USE: Resource description framework Real time USE: Real-time systems Re-configurable devices USE: Reconfigurable devices Real time control USE: Real-time systems Reachability analysis BT: Graph theory Real time monitoring USE: Real-time systems Reactive power UF: Power factor Real time processing VAR USE: Real-time systems BT: Power systems RT: Reactive power control Real time systems Static VAr compensators USE: Real-time systems

Reactive power control Real-time control BT: Electric variables control USE: Real-time systems RT: Power system security Reactive power Real-time monitoring Voltage control USE: Real-time systems

Reactor instrumentation Real-time processing BT: Nuclear and plasma USE: Real-time systems sciences RT: Radiation monitoring Real-time systems UF: Real time Reactors Real time control USE: Inductors Real time monitoring Real time processing Read only memory Real time systems UF: ROM Real-time control BT: Memory Real-time monitoring RT: Read-write memory Real-time processing NT: PROM BT: Computers and information processing Read-write memory RT: Control systems BT: Memory Hardware-in-the loop RT: Read only memory simulation High energy physics Readability formulas instrumentation computing USE: Readability metrics Networked control systems NT: Telexistence Readability metrics WebRTC UF: Readability formulas Readability tests Reasoning This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 406 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Cognition AND Reconfigurable logic Cognitive systems BT: Logic design

Reasoning about programs Reconfigurable radio UF: Type interference USE: Software radio BT: Software engineering Reconnaissance Rebreathers BT: Military communication USE: Rebreathing equipment Security RT: Remote sensing Rebreathing equipment Surveillance UF: Rebreathers BT: Underwater equipment Reconstruction algorithm USE: Reconstruction algorithms Receive antennas USE: Receiving antennas Reconstruction algorithms UF: Reconstruction algorithm Received signal strength indicator Reconstruction methods UF: RSSI BT: Tomography BT: Communication system signaling Reconstruction methods Signal processing USE: Reconstruction algorithms

Receivers Recording UF: Radio receivers BT: Signal processing BT: Communication equipment RT: Memory RT: Demodulation NT: Audio recording Signal detection Digital recording NT: Optical receivers Disk recording RAKE receivers Magnetic recording Receiving antennas Optical recording Video recording Receiving antennas UF: Receive antennas Recruitment BT: Antennas BT: Human resource Receivers management RT: Spatial diversity RT: Equal opportunities Transmitting antennas Job specification Labor resources Receptor (biochemistry) BT: Biochemistry Rectangular waveguides BT: Electromagnetic Recommender systems waveguides UF: Music recommendation RT: Planar waveguides BT: Information filtering Rectennas Reconfigurable architectures BT: Antennas BT: Computer architecture Microwave communication

Reconfigurable devices Rectifiers UF: Re-configurable devices BT: Circuits BT: Hardware RT: Bridge circuits RT: Field programmable gate Power electronics arrays Voltage multipliers

Rectifying circuits BT: AC-DC power converters Redundancy (employment) USE: Termination of employment Recurrent neural nets USE: Recurrent neural networks Reed Solomon codes USE: Reed-Solomon codes Recurrent neural networks UF: RNN Reed-Solomon codes Recurrent neural nets UF: Reed Solomon codes BT: Neural networks BT: Error correction codes NT: Hopfield neural networks Refining Recursive estimation BT: Materials processing BT: Bayes methods RT: Chemical technology RT: Least squares Cleaning approximation Purification Smelting Recycle Sugar refining USE: Recycling Reflectance Recycling USE: Reflectivity UF: Recycle BT: Environmental Reflection management BT: Propagation RT: Mirrors Red blood cells Scattering BT: Blood NT: Acoustic reflection Backscatter Reduced instruction set computing Electromagnetic reflection UF: RISC Fresnel reflection BT: Instruction sets Radar cross-sections

Reduced order model Reflection coefficient USE: Reduced order systems BT: Optical variables measurement Reduced order systems Waveguide discontinuities UF: Model reduction RT: Amplitude estimation Reduced order model Reduced-order model Reflective binary codes Reduced-order systems UF: Gray codes BT: Systems engineering and Grey codes theory BT: Binary codes RT: Estimation Simulation Reflectivity UF: Reflectance Reduced-order model BT: Waves USE: Reduced order systems RT: Geometrical optics Light trapping Reduced-order systems Optical reflection USE: Reduced order systems Sonar detection Telecommunications Redundancy BT: Fault tolerance Reflectometry RT: Codes BT: Measurement Reliability This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 408 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Electromagnetic BT: Tissue engineering measurements Electromagnetic reflection Regional area networks Optical reflection UF: RAN Optical variables BT: Communication systems measurement RT: IEEE 802.22 Standard Local area networks Reflector antennas Metropolitan area networks BT: Antennas Wireless communication RT: Aperture antennas NT: WRAN Radio astronomy Registers Reflow soldering BT: Memory BT: Soldering NT: Shift registers

Refractive index Regression analysis UF: Refractivity BT: Statistical analysis BT: Optical variables RT: Correlation coefficient measurement Econometrics RT: Birefringence Nearest neighbor methods Dispersion NT: Linear regression Gain measurement Multivariate regression Laser beams Metamaterials Regression tree analysis Optical refraction BT: Decision trees Photorefractive effect Semiconductor device Regulators measurement BT: Control equipment Semiconductor lasers RT: Current control Electric variables control Refractivity Power conversion USE: Refractive index Voltage control

Refractoring Rehabilitation robotics USE: Code refractoring UF: Assistive robotics BT: Medical robotics Refrigerants RT: Patient rehabilitation BT: Coolants RT: Heat pumps Reinforcement learning Space cooling USE: Learning (artificial intelligence) Refrigeration BT: Cooling Relational databases BT: Databases Refrigerators RT: Structured Query Language BT: Home appliances Triples (Data structure) Home automation Relativistic effects Refuse BT: Nuclear physics USE: Waste materials RT: Electron beams Free electron lasers Refuse incineration Klystrons USE: Incineration Magnetrons Masers Regeneration engineering Plasmas This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 409 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Optical flow Semiconductor device reliability Relativistic quantum mechanics Software reliability BT: Quantum mechanics Stability Telecommunication Relaxation methods network reliability BT: Numerical analysis RT: Simulated annealing Reliability engineering BT: Reliability Relaxor ferroelectrics RT: Weibull distribution BT: Ferroelectric materials Reliability management Relay networks (telecommunications) USE: Management AND BT: Communication networks Reliability Relays Reliability theory Relays BT: Reliability BT: Switchgear RT: Switching circuits Reluctance generators NT: Digital relays BT: Synchronous generators Microrelays Power system relaying Reluctance machines Protective relaying BT: Rotating machines Relay networks Synchronous machines (telecommunications) NT: Reluctance motors

Reliability Reluctance motors UF: Reliability management BT: Reluctance machines System reliability Synchronous motors RT: Aging NT: Switched reluctance motors Dependability management Electron traps Remaining life assessment Failure analysis BT: Testing Life testing RT: Failure analysis Power system reliability Maintenance engineering Preventive maintenance Quality control Remanence Quality management BT: Magnetics Redundancy RT: Magnetic fields Risk analysis Magnetic flux System improvement Magnetic hysteresis System recovery Permanent magnets Thermal management NT: Availability Remote handling Fault diagnosis UF: Manipulators (nonrobotic) Fault tolerance BT: Materials handling Fluctuations RT: Remote handling Integrated circuit reliability equipment Maintenance Telecontrol equipment Maldistribution Materials reliability Remote handling equipment Reliability engineering BT: Materials handling Reliability theory equipment Robustness RT: Remote handling Telerobotics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 410 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Waste handling equipment USE: Unmanned vehicles

Remote laboratories Remuneration BT: Laboratories BT: Human resource management Remote monitoring RT: Employee welfare BT: Monitoring NT: Incentive schemes Remote sensing Pensions RT: Machine-to-machine communications Renal calculi USE: Kidney stones Remote sensing BT: Geoscience and remote Rendering (computer graphics) sensing BT: Computer graphics RT: Atmospheric measurements Renewable energy Earth USE: Renewable energy sources Geologic measurements Geophysical measurement Renewable energy resources techniques USE: Renewable energy sources Geophysical measurements Imaging Renewable energy sources Infrared imaging UF: Renewable energy Land surface temperature Renewable energy Landmine detection resources Meteorology Renewable-energy Microwave imaging BT: Energy conservation Oceanographic techniques Environmental Optical imaging management Radar imaging RT: Wave power Radar measurements NT: Biomass Radiometry Reconnaissance Renewable-energy Sea measurements USE: Renewable energy sources Soil measurements Sonar measurements Repair Surveillance USE: Maintenance engineering Terrain mapping Vegetation mapping Repeaters Water resources UF: Optical regenerators NT: Hyperspectral sensors BT: Communication equipment Passive microwave remote sensing Replica molding Remote monitoring USE: Soft lithography

Remotely guided vehicles Replica moulding USE: Unmanned vehicles USE: Soft lithography

Remotely operated automobiles Report writing USE: Unmanned vehicles USE: Writing

Remotely operated cars Representational state transfer USE: Unmanned vehicles BT: Software architecture

Remotely operated vehicles Reproducibility of results This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 411 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Reproductible research Engineering profession BT: Biomedical measurement Production management Measurement Project management Research and development Reproductible research Technology management USE: Reproducibility of results Venture capital NT: Innovation management Reproductive cloning USE: Cloning Research initiatives BT: Engineering management Requirements engineering BT: Systems engineering and Reservoirs theory BT: Water resources RT: Product design Water storage Project management RT: Lakes Requirements management Land use planning Software engineering Water Stakeholders NT: Technical requirements Residual stress USE: Residual stresses Requirements management BT: Management Residual stresses Systems engineering and UF: Residual stress theory BT: Stress RT: Project management Requirements engineering Resilience UF: Resiliency ReRAM Resilient systems USE: Resistive RAM BT: Material properties

Rescue robots Resiliency BT: Robots USE: Resilience RT: Emergency services Hazards Resilient systems USE: Resilience Research and development BT: Engineering - general Resin transfer molding RT: Electrical engineering USE: Transfer molding Engineering profession Industrial engineering Resin transfer moulding International collaboration USE: Transfer molding Laboratories Research and development Resins management BT: Materials Reverse engineering RT: Plastics Science - general Polymer foams Technology NT: Epoxy resins Virtual enterprises Virtual manufacturing Resistance Virtual prototyping BT: Electric variables RT: Electrical resistance Research and development management measurement BT: Engineering management Resistance heating Management Skin effect RT: Concurrent engineering NT: Electric resistance This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 412 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Piezoresistance Stochastic resonance Surface resistance Thermal resistance Resonance frequency Viscosity USE: Resonant frequency

Resistance heating Resonance light scattering UF: Electric heating BT: Resonance BT: Heating systems Spectroscopy RT: Resistance RT: Light scattering

Resistive RAM Resonant circuits UF: RRAM USE: RLC circuits ReRAM BT: Random access memory Resonant converters RT: Memristors BT: Converters Phase change memory Resonant frequency Resistive transducers UF: Resonance frequency BT: Transducers BT: Frequency RT: Oscillators Resistivity Quantum mechanics USE: Conductivity NT: Magnetic resonance

Resistivity measurement Resonant inverters USE: Conductivity measurement UF: Quasi-resonant inverters Quasi-resonant invertors Resistors Resonant invertors BT: Electronic components BT: Inverters RT: Electrical ballasts RT: Power electronics Potentiometers Resonance NT: Memristors Switched capacitor Resonant invertors networks USE: Resonant inverters Varistors Resonant tunneling devices Resists UF: Resonant tunnelling UF: Photoresists devices BT: Materials Resonant-tunneling devices Resonant-tunnelling Resonance devices RT: Cavity resonators BT: Tunneling Dielectric resonator RT: Quantum well devices antennas Resonance Film bulk acoustic Single electron devices resonators Microstrip resonators Resonant tunnelling devices Optical resonators USE: Resonant tunneling devices Resonant inverters Resonant tunneling devices Resonant-tunneling devices Resonator filters USE: Resonant tunneling devices Resonators Vibrations Resonant-tunnelling devices NT: Ferroresonance USE: Resonant tunneling devices Magnetic resonance Resonance light scattering Resonator filters This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 413 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Filters RT: Resonance Resources management USE: Resource management Resonators BT: Amplifiers Respiratory system RT: Acoustics UF: Asthma Resonance Bronchi Tuners BT: Anatomy NT: Cavity resonators NT: Larynx Lung Resource allocation USE: Resource management Response surface methodology BT: Surface fitting Resource description framework RT: Optimization methods UF: RDF BT: Semantic Web Resumes BT: Writing Resource distribution USE: Resource management Retail price index USE: Economic indicators Resource management UF: Allocation Retardants Radio resource BT: Production materials management RT: Inhibitors Resource allocation NT: Flame retardants Resource distribution Resource sharing Retina Resource utilisation UF: Retinal Resource utilization BT: Eyes Resources management NT: Retinal vessels BT: Management RT: Business process Retinal integration USE: Retina Business process management Retinal vessels Environmental engineering BT: Retina Forestry Operations research Retinopathy System integration BT: Diseases NT: Elastic computing Network resource Retirement management BT: Human resource Resource virtualization management

Resource sharing Reverberation USE: Resource management BT: Acoustics

Resource utilisation Reverberation chambers USE: Resource management BT: Electromagnetic compatibility Resource utilization USE: Resource management Reverse engineering BT: Engineering - general Resource virtualization RT: Product development BT: Resource management Research and development This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 414 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Professional Reverse logistics communication BT: Logistics Rhodium Reverse osmosis BT: Chemical elements BT: Chemical processes RT: Desalination Rhombencephalon USE: Hindbrain Reverse teaching USE: Education AND Rhythm Online services BT: Music

Reviews Ribonucleic acid BT: Writing USE: RNA

RF Ribs USE: Radio frequency BT: Thorax

RF interference Riccati equations USE: Electromagnetic BT: Equations interference Rician channels RF micro-electro-mechanical systems UF: Rician fading USE: Radiofrequency Rician fading channels microelectromechanical systems BT: MIMO communication

RF microelectromechanical systems Rician fading USE: Radiofrequency USE: Rician channels microelectromechanical systems Rician fading channels RF signals USE: Rician channels BT: Signal processing Ring generators RFIC BT: Automatic testing USE: Radiofrequency integrated Testing circuits Ring lasers RFID BT: Lasers USE: Radiofrequency RT: Gyroscopes identification NT: Fiber lasers

RFID tags Ring oscillators BT: Radiofrequency BT: Oscillators identification NT: Active RFID tags Ring resonators Passive RFID tags USE: Optical ring resonators

Rhenium RISC BT: Chemical elements USE: Reduced instruction set computing Rheology BT: Fluid dynamics Risk analysis RT: Viscosity BT: Management RT: Accident prevention Rhetoric Accidents This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 415 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Decision making USE: Recurrent neural networks Occupational health Occupational safety Road accidents Reliability BT: Accidents Safety RT: Road safety Technology social factors Road vehicles Venture capital NT: Fault trees Road bridges Risk management USE: Structural panels

Risk assessment Road safety USE: Risk management BT: Roads RT: Automated highways Risk handling Automotive engineering USE: Risk management Road accidents

Risk management Road transportation UF: RIsk mitigation UF: Highways Risk assessment BT: Land transportation Risk handling RT: Civil engineering Risk minimization Global Positioning System Risk reduction NT: Roads BT: Risk analysis Traffic congestion RT: Contract management Road vehicles Risk minimization BT: Land vehicles USE: Risk management RT: Road accidents Roads RIsk mitigation NT: Automobiles USE: Risk management Motorcycles

Risk reduction ROADMS USE: Risk management USE: Optical add-drop multiplexers Rivers BT: Geoscience Roads RT: Floods BT: Road transportation Lakes RT: Civil engineering Sediments Road vehicles Water NT: Road safety Water pollution Water resources Roaming Wetlands BT: Wireless communication RT: Dual band RLC circuits GSM UF: Resonant circuits BT: Circuits Robot automobiles Tunable circuits and USE: Autonomous automobiles devices Robot cars RNA USE: Autonomous automobiles UF: Ribonucleic acid BT: Biological cells Robot control UF: Robotic control RNN BT: Control systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 416 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Robots Imaging RT: Force control Intelligent robots Motion planning Object detection Trajectory tracking Object recognition NT: Robot motion Pattern recognition Stereo vision Robot kinematics NT: Visual servoing BT: Robots NT: Motion analysis Robot-assisted surgery USE: Surgery Robot learning BT: Machine learning Robotic assembly Robots UF: Assembly robots RT: Artificial intelligence BT: Assembly systems RT: Robotics and automation Robot localization BT: Motion analysis Robotic control RT: Robot sensing systems USE: Robot control

Robot motion Robotic motion UF: Robotic motion USE: Robot motion BT: Robot control Robotic programming Robot operating systems USE: Robot programming USE: Operating systems Robotics and automation Robot programming RT: Image motion analysis UF: Robotic programming Robotic assembly BT: Programming NT: Animatronics Robots Automation Autonomous systems Robot sensing systems Multi-robot systems UF: Manipulator sensing Robots systems Mobile robot sensing Robots systems BT: Robotics and automation Robot sensor networks RT: Assembly systems BT: Robots Botnet Sensor systems and Control equipment applications Control systems RT: Multisensor systems Cybernetics Robot localization Industrial control NT: Robot vision systems Manufacturing automation Simultaneous localization Materials handling and mapping Mechanical variables Tactile sensors control Mechatronics Robot sensor networks Nonlinear systems USE: Robot sensing systems Servosystems NT: Androids Robot vision systems Aquatic robots UF: Manipulator vision systems Automata Mobile robot vision systems Autonomous robots BT: Robot sensing systems Cognitive robotics RT: Image sensors Computer vision This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 417 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Educational robots Evolutionary robotics Rolling bearings Humanoid robots UF: Roller bearings Intelligent robots Rolling contact bearings Manipulators Rolling element bearings Medical robotics BT: Mechanical bearings Mobile robots RT: Ball bearings Orbital robotics Parallel robots Rolling contact bearings Rescue robots USE: Rolling bearings Robot control Robot kinematics Rolling element bearings Robot learning USE: Rolling bearings Robot programming Robot sensing systems ROM Service robots USE: Read only memory Soft robotics Telerobotics Roof mounted photovoltaics Visual odometry USE: Building integrated photovoltaics Robust control UF: Active disturbance rejection Roof mounted solar cell arrays control USE: Building integrated BT: System analysis and design photovoltaics RT: Disturbance observers Root mean square Robust stability UF: Root mean square error BT: Stability Root mean square value BT: Mathematics Robustness Statistics BT: Reliability RT: Control systems Root mean square error Sensitivity USE: Root mean square Stability Uncertain systems Root mean square value USE: Root mean square Rockets BT: Propulsion Roots RT: Engines USE: Poles and zeros Ground support Rotating machines Rocks BT: Electric machines BT: Geology RT: Brushes Coils Rodents DC generators BT: Animals Synchronous motors Windings Roentgenium NT: Generators BT: Chemical elements Hysteresis motors Induction machines Role transfer Induction motors BT: Organizational aspects Micromotors Permanent magnet Roller bearings machines USE: Rolling bearings Reluctance machines This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 418 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Servomotors Wireless access points Standby generators RPI Rotation measurement USE: Economic indicators UF: Rotation representation BT: Mechanical variables RRAM measurement USE: Resistive RAM

Rotation representation RRI USE: Rotation measurement USE: Rail to rail inputs

Rotational measurement RRO USE: Velocity control USE: Rail to rail outputs

Rotational speed RSSI USE: Velocity control USE: Received signal strength indicator Rotors BT: Electric machines Rubber Machine components BT: Insulators RT: Rubber industry Rough sets Rubber products BT: Set theory Rubber industry Rough surfaces BT: Manufacturing industries BT: Surfaces RT: Chemical industry RT: Polishing machines Rubber Surface roughness Rubber products Terrain factors NT: Corrugated surfaces Rubber products BT: Manufactured products Round robin RT: Hoses BT: Scheduling algorithms Rubber Rubber industry Roundoff errors Wastewater treatment BT: Finite wordlength effects NT: Tires RT: Error analysis Noise Rubidium BT: Chemical elements Routing BT: Communication systems Rule based systems RT: Multicast communication USE: Knowledge based systems Routing protocols Soft switching Runtime NT: Wavelength routing BT: Software engineering RT: Programming Routing protocols NT: Dynamic compiler BT: Protocols Runtime environment RT: Internet Land mobile radio Runtime environment Mobile communication BT: Runtime Multicast protocols Multiprotocol label Runtime library switching BT: Formal languages Routing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 419 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Rural areas Railway safety BT: Geography Smoke detectors RT: Macrocell networks NT: Eye protection Public infrastructure Protective clothing

Ruthenium Safety in the home BT: Chemical elements USE: Domestic safety

S parameters Safety management USE: Scattering parameters BT: Management Safety S-parameters RT: Dependability management USE: Scattering parameters Sagnac interferometers S/N BT: Interferometry USE: Signal to noise ratio Sales promotion SaaS USE: Promotion - marketing USE: Software as a service Saliency detection Safety BT: Image processing BT: Industry applications RT: Feature extraction Product safety engineering Visual systems RT: Alarm systems Electric shock Salinity (geophysical) Environmental factors BT: Soil measurements Explosions RT: Geochemistry Eye protection Ocean salinity Fires Sea measurements Hazardous areas Sea surface salinity Occupational health Preventive maintenance Salivary glands Protective clothing UF: Parotid Radiation effects BT: Glands Radioactive materials Stomatognathic system Radioactive pollution Risk analysis Samarium NT: Aerospace safety BT: Metals Domestic safety NT: Samarium alloys Emergency services Explosion protection Samarium alloys Hazards BT: Samarium Health and safety Marine safety Sampled data circuits Product safety BT: Circuits Protection Radiation safety Sampled data systems Safety devices BT: Discrete-time systems Safety management Vehicle safety Sampling methods BT: Statistics Safety devices RT: Signal sampling BT: Safety NT: Compressed sensing RT: Accident prevention Nonuniform sampling Alarm systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 420 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

SAN Satellite broadcasts USE: Storage area networks USE: Satellite broadcasting

Sandblasting Satellite communication BT: Surface treatment UF: Communication satellites RT: Surface roughness BT: Communication systems Radio communication Sandwich structures RT: Artificial satellites BT: Structural shapes Convolutional codes RT: Honeycomb structures Global Positioning System Lightweight structures Handover Sheet materials Radiation hardening Structural panels (electronics) Thin wall structures Transponders NT: Downlink Sanitary engineering Satellite broadcasting BT: Engineering - general Satellite ground stations RT: Environmental Uplink management Sewage treatment Satellite constellations Waste disposal BT: Satellite navigation systems Waste management Waste materials Satellite ground stations Wastewater BT: Communication systems Wastewater treatment Radio communication Water pollution Satellite communication RT: Communication equipment SAR USE: Specific absorption rate Satellite navigation systems AND BT: Navigation Synthetic aperture radar RT: Radio navigation Time dissemination SAR imaging NT: Global Positioning System USE: Radar polarimetry Global navigation satellite system SAS Satellite constellations USE: Synthetic aperture sonar Satellites Satellite antennas BT: Solar system BT: Antennas RT: Artificial satellites NT: Moon Satellite born radar USE: Spaceborne radar Saturation detection USE: Feedback Satellite borne radar USE: Spaceborne radar Saturation magnetisation USE: Saturation magnetization Satellite broadcasting UF: DBS Saturation magnetization Direct broadcast satellites UF: Saturation magnetisation Satellite broadcasts BT: Magnetization processes BT: Broadcasting Satellite communication Saturn RT: Global Positioning System BT: Planets

SAW filters RT: Reflection BT: Electromechanical devices Scattering parameters NT: Acoustic scattering Sawing Brillouin scattering BT: Machining Electromagnetic scattering RT: Sawing machines Light scattering Particle scattering Sawing machines BT: Machine tools Scattering parameters RT: Sawing UF: S parameters S-parameters SCADA systems BT: System analysis and design UF: Supervisory control and RT: Circuits data acquisition systems Scattering Supervisory control and data-acquisition systems Scatternets BT: Control systems USE: Personal area networks Power system control Supervisory control Scene analysis RT: Substation automation USE: Image analysis

Scalability Scene classification BT: System analysis and design USE: Image analysis

Scalp Schedules BT: Head BT: Planning RT: Scheduling Scandium BT: Chemical elements Scheduling BT: Organizational aspects Scanning electron microscopy Production control UF: SEM Project engineering BT: Electron microscopy RT: Materials requirements RT: Electron beam applications planning Particle scattering Queueing analysis Schedules Scanning microwave microscopy Statistics BT: Microscopy Synchronization RT: Atomic force microscopy NT: Adaptive scheduling Dynamic scheduling Scanning probe data storage Job shop scheduling BT: Memory Single machine scheduling

Scanning probe microscopy Scheduling algorithms BT: Microscopy BT: Optical fiber communication NT: Scanning thermal Processor scheduling microscopy NT: Round robin

Scanning thermal microscopy Scholarships BT: Scanning probe microscopy BT: Educational programs

Scattering Schools UF: Backscattering USE: Educational institutions Wave scattering BT: Propagation Schottky barriers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 422 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Schottky contacts BT: Semiconductor-metal Science technology engineering mathematics interfaces USE: STEM RT: MESFETs Schottky diodes science, technology, engineering, and math USE: STEM Schottky contacts USE: Schottky barriers Scientific computing UF: Computational science Schottky diode BT: Computer applications USE: Schottky diodes Scientific publishing Schottky diodes BT: Publishing UF: Schottky diode BT: Semiconductor devices Scintillation counters Semiconductor diodes BT: Measurement RT: Schottky barriers Nuclear and plasma Semiconductor-metal sciences interfaces NT: Solid scintillation detectors

Schottky FETs Scintillators USE: MESFETs BT: Radiation effects RT: Luminescence Schottky gate FET USE: Schottky gate field effect SCM supply chains transistors USE: Supply chain management

Schottky gate field effect transistors Scooters UF: Schottky gate FET USE: Motorcycles BT: Field effect transistors SCR Schrodinger equation USE: Thyristors BT: Quantum mechanics RT: Electrons Screws USE: Fasteners Science - general RT: Econophysics Scrubbers Neurophysiology USE: Materials handling Research and development STEM Scrum (Software development) NT: Astronomy BT: Agile software development Biology RT: Feedback Chemistry Project management Electricity Software development Geoscience management History Life sciences SDH Metrology USE: Synchronous digital Neuroscience hierarchy Physics Sociology SDHTs Thermodynamics USE: MODFETs science technology engineering and math SDN USE: STEM This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 423 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Software defined RT: Sea state networking Sea surface salinity SDRAM BT: Sea surface UF: Synchronous DRAM RT: Salinity (geophysical) Synchronous dynamic random access memory Sea surface temperature BT: Random access memory USE: Ocean temperature

Sea animals Sea vegetation USE: Marine animals USE: Marine vegetation

Sea coast Sealants BT: Oceans USE: Sealing materials

Sea floor Sealing materials BT: Oceans UF: Sealants RT: Sediments BT: Joining materials NT: Sea floor roughness RT: Seals

Sea floor roughness Seals BT: Sea floor BT: Mechanical products RT: Packaging Sea ice Sealing materials BT: Ice Structural rings RT: Oceans NT: Gaskets Hermetic seals Sea level BT: Oceans Search engines BT: Information retrieval Sea measurements UF: Current measurement Search methods (water) BT: Information retrieval BT: Geophysical measurements RT: Genetic algorithms RT: Oceans Gradient methods Remote sensing Nearest neighbor methods Salinity (geophysical) Optimization methods Sonar measurements Ranking (statistics) NT: Geoacoustic inversion NT: Keyword search Metasearch Sea state Search problems BT: Measurement Semantic search Ocean waves Web search RT: Marine navigation Sea surface roughness Search problems BT: Search methods Sea surface BT: Oceans Seat belts RT: Surface waves USE: Belts Wind NT: Sea surface roughness Sebaceious glands Sea surface salinity USE: Sebaceous glands

Sea surface roughness Sebaceous glands BT: Sea surface UF: Sebaceious glands This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 424 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Glands BT: Management Skin Security

Second Life Security of data BT: Social network services USE: Data security

Secondary cells Sediments USE: Batteries UF: Mud BT: Geoscience Secondary electron emission RT: Lakes USE: Electron emission Rivers Sea floor Secondary generated hot electron injection Soil UF: Secondary generated hot- electron injection Seebeck effect BT: Hot carrier injection USE: Thermoelectricity

Secondary generated hot-electron injection Seismic measurements USE: Secondary generated hot UF: Seismic visualization electron injection BT: Geophysical measurements RT: Acoustic measurements Secondary ion emission Seismology USE: Ion emission Seismic retrofitting Secure storage USE: Earthquake engineering BT: Material storage RT: Security Seismic visualization USE: Seismic measurements Security BT: Industry applications Seismic waves RT: Anti-virus software BT: Waves Biometrics (access control) RT: Acoustic waves Bring your own device Earthquakes Business continuity Elastodynamics Identification of persons Explosions Malware Seismology Protection Shock waves Secure storage Surveillance Seismology NT: Access control BT: Geophysics Alarm systems RT: Earthquake engineering Capability-based security Earthquakes Computer security Seismic measurements Cryptography Seismic waves Data security Well logging Digital signatures Information security Selective laser sintering Network security USE: Laser sintering Power system security Reconnaissance Selectively doped heterojunction transistors Security management USE: MODFETs Terrorism Watermarking Selenium BT: Chemical elements Security management This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 425 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Self organising feature maps USE: Self-organizing feature USE: Self-organizing feature maps maps Self-organizing networks Self organizing feature maps UF: Self organizing networks USE: Self-organizing feature BT: Wireless networks maps Self-replicating machines Self organizing maps UF: Self replicating machines USE: Self-organizing feature BT: Nanotechnology maps Self-study courses Self organizing networks BT: Educational programs USE: Self-organizing networks Self-testing Self replicating machines USE: Built-in self-test USE: Self-replicating machines Self-tuning regulators Self testing USE: Adaptive control USE: Automatic testing SEM Self-assembly USE: Scanning electron BT: Nanotechnology microscopy RT: Biological cells Programming Semantic search Semiconductor device BT: Search methods manufacture Semantics Thin films RT: Context awareness NT: Electrostatic self-assembly Natural language processing Self-driving automobiles Ontologies USE: Autonomous automobiles Query processing Semantic Web Self-driving car USE: Autonomous automobiles Semantic technology BT: Information technology Self-dynamic voltage scaling Semantics USE: Dynamic voltage scaling RT: Data models Encoding Self-organizing feature maps Natural language UF: Kohonen maps processing SOM Semantic Web Self organising feature maps Semantic triple Self organizing feature USE: Triples (Data structure) maps Self organizing maps Semantic Web Self-organizing maps BT: Internet BT: Artificial neural networks RT: Artificial intelligence RT: Feedforward neural Content management networks Data models Knowledge acquisition Distributed computing Document handling Self-organizing maps Knowledge management Linked data This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 426 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Markup languages Semiconductor device Ontologies testing Ranking (statistics) Tolerance analysis Semantic search Semantic technology Semiconductor device doping NT: OWL UF: Semiconductor doping Resource description BT: Semiconductor device framework manufacture RT: Doping Semantics Quasi-doping BT: Semiotics Semiconductor materials RT: Natural language processing Semiconductor device manufacture Professional BT: Electronic equipment communication manufacture Sign language RT: Fiducial markers NT: Semantic search Gettering Semantic technology Ion implantation Microassembly Semi-insulating materials Micromachining USE: Semiconductor materials Nanotechnology Self-assembly Semi-supervised learning Semiconductor devices USE: Semisupervised learning Surface cleaning Surface contamination Semiconductivity NT: Diffusion processes BT: Conductivity Flip-chip devices Electron devices High-k gate dielectrics RT: Charge carriers Quasi-doping Semiconductor device Semiconductor alloys doping USE: Semiconductor materials Semiconductor epitaxial layers Semiconductor charge carriers Semiconductor growth USE: Charge carrier processes Silicidation Wafer bonding Semiconductor controlled rectifiers USE: Thyristors Semiconductor device measurement BT: Measurement Semiconductor counters RT: Refractive index UF: Junction detectors Semiconductor device BT: Semiconductor devices noise RT: Position sensitive particle Semiconductor device detectors reliability Semiconductor device Semiconductor detectors testing BT: Detectors Semiconductor devices Semiconductor device modeling RT: Absorption UF: Semiconductor device Particle charging models BT: Modeling Semiconductor device breakdown Semiconductor devices BT: Failure analysis RT: Semiconductor device RT: Semiconductor device noise reliability This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 427 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Semiconductor device models Varistors USE: Semiconductor device NT: Flip-chip devices modeling Gunn devices Hall effect devices Semiconductor device noise Junctions BT: Semiconductor devices MIS devices RT: Integrated circuit noise MONOS devices Semiconductor device P-i-n diodes measurement Piezoresistive devices Semiconductor device Power semiconductor modeling devices Power semiconductor Semiconductor device packaging switches BT: Components, packaging, Quantum dots and manufacturing technology Quantum well lasers RT: Integrated circuit packaging SONOS devices Semiconductor devices Schottky diodes Semiconductor counters Semiconductor device reliability Semiconductor detectors BT: Reliability Semiconductor device RT: Semiconductor device modeling breakdown Semiconductor device Semiconductor device noise measurement Semiconductor diodes Semiconductor lasers Semiconductor device testing Semiconductor waveguides BT: Testing Semiconductor-insulator RT: Semiconductor device interfaces breakdown Silicon devices Semiconductor device Superluminescent diodes measurement Surface emitting lasers Thermistors Semiconductor devices Transistors UF: SIS devices (semiconductor) Semiconductor diodes Semiconductor-insulator- BT: Semiconductor devices semiconductor devices RT: Diodes BT: Electron devices Magnetic field induced RT: Contacts strain Epitaxial growth P-n junctions Field effect transistors NT: P-i-n diodes Heterojunction bipolar Schottky diodes transistors Semiconductor-metal Hot carriers interfaces Integrated circuits Superluminescent diodes Molecular beam Varactors applications Photoconducting devices Semiconductor doping Proton radiation effects USE: Semiconductor device Rapid thermal annealing doping Semiconductor device manufacture Semiconductor electronics industry Semiconductor device USE: Electronics industry packaging Silicon-on-insulator Semiconductor epitaxial layers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 428 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Silicon epitaxial layers Surface emitting lasers BT: Semiconductor device manufacture Semiconductor materials RT: Bipolar transistors UF: Pseudobinary semiconductors Semiconductor films Semi-insulating materials BT: Films Semiconductor alloys RT: Buffer layers BT: Materials Dielectric thin films RT: Acoustoelectric effects Magnetic field induced Charge carriers strain Conducting materials Semiconductor growth Crystals Semiconductor materials Excitons Thick films High-k dielectric materials Thin films Photoconducting materials Radiative recombination Semiconductor growth Semiconductor device BT: Semiconductor device doping manufacture Semiconductor films RT: Buffer layers Semiconductor growth Crystal growth Semiconductor impurities Epitaxial layers Semiconductor thin films Semiconductor films Silicon compounds Semiconductor materials Tunneling NT: Amorphous semiconductors Semiconductor impurities Elemental semiconductors BT: Impurities Gallium RT: Charge carrier processes Gallium arsenide Plasma immersion ion Germanium implantation II-VI semiconductor Semiconductor materials materials III-V semiconductor Semiconductor industry materials USE: Electronics industry Indium gallium arsenide Indium phosphide Semiconductor laser arrays Magnetic semiconductors BT: Semiconductor lasers Organic semiconductors Semiconductor Semiconductor lasers superlattices UF: Injection lasers Silicon Junction lasers Silicon germanium Laser diodes Substrates BT: Lasers Wide band gap Semiconductor devices semiconductors Solid lasers RT: Molecular beam Semiconductor memory applications BT: Memory Optical transmitters RT: Integrated circuits Refractive index NT: Laser tuning Semiconductor nanostructures Quantum dot lasers BT: Nanostructures Quantum well lasers Semiconductor laser arrays Semiconductor nanotubes Semiconductor optical BT: Nanotubes amplifiers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 429 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Semiconductor optical amplifiers UF: SOA Seminars BT: Optical amplifiers BT: Educational programs Semiconductor lasers NT: Webinars RT: Optical transmitters Quantum well lasers Semiology USE: Semiotics Semiconductor process modeling BT: Modeling Semiosis RT: Circuit simulation USE: Semiotics

Semiconductor quantum wells Semiotic studies USE: Quantum wells USE: Semiotics

Semiconductor radiation detectors Semiotics BT: Radiation detectors UF: Semiology Semiosis Semiconductor superlattices Semiotic studies BT: Semiconductor materials BT: Communication symbols Superlattices RT: Communication symbols Natural language Semiconductor thin films processing BT: Thin films Professional RT: Epitaxial growth communication Gallium NT: Pragmatics Germanium Semantics Semiconductor materials Syntactics Silicon Semisupervised learning Semiconductor waveguides UF: Semi-supervised learning BT: Semiconductor devices BT: Learning systems RT: Supervised learning Semiconductor-insulator interfaces Unsupervised learning BT: Semiconductor devices RT: CMOSFETs Senior citizens MIM devices UF: Elderly MIS devices BT: Social groups MOS devices RT: Aging Silicon-on-insulator Assisted living Geriatrics Semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor devices Gerontology USE: Semiconductor devices Sense and avoid Semiconductor-metal interfaces USE: Collision avoidance UF: Metal-semiconductor interfaces Sense organs BT: Semiconductor diodes BT: Anatomy RT: Magnetic field induced NT: Ear strain Eyes Schottky diodes Multisensory integration NT: Schottky barriers Nose Olfactory bulb Semicustom integrated circuits Taste buds USE: Application specific Visual systems integrated circuits This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 430 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Sensitivity Induction motors BT: Measurement Inductive power RT: Circuit analysis transmission Control systems Motor drives Robustness Motors Tolerance analysis NT: Sensitivity analysis Sensors UF: Sun sensors Sensitivity analysis RT: Capacitive transducers BT: Sensitivity Magnetostrictive devices Wireless sensor networks Sensitivity and specificity NT: Acoustic sensors BT: Biomedical measurement Chemical and biological Medical diagnosis sensors Electromechanical sensors Sensor arrays Force sensors BT: Arrays Infrared sensors Sensor systems and Intelligent sensors applications Intracranial pressure NT: Sensor fusion sensors Ionizing radiation sensors Sensor fusion Magnetic sensors BT: Sensor arrays Mechanical sensors RT: Kalman filters Multimodal sensors Multimodal sensors Nanosensors NT: Multisensor systems Optical sensors Optoelectronic and Sensor phenomena and characterization photonic sensors BT: Sensors Pressure sensors Sensor phenomena and Sensor systems characterization BT: Aerospace and electronic Sensor systems and systems applications Sensor systems and Thermal sensors applications Thick film sensors RT: Navigation Thin film sensors NT: Activity recognition Vision sensors Gunshot detection systems Wearable sensors

Sensor systems and applications Sensors (image) BT: Sensors USE: Image sensors NT: Detectors Electric sensing devices Sensory aids Leak detection BT: Medical services Radiofrequency RT: Assistive technology identification Biomedical equipment Robot sensing systems Orthotics Sensor arrays Prosthetics Sensor systems NT: Hearing aids

Sensorless control Sentiment analysis BT: Control systems BT: Computational linguistics RT: AC machines Natural language DC machines processing Drives RT: Emotion recognition This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 431 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Information analysis BT: IEEE Awards activities

Separation processes Service composability BT: Materials science and USE: Interoperability technology NT: Fractionation Service computing Particle separators BT: Information technology RT: Business Separators Cloud computing USE: Particle separators Process design Service-oriented September 11 architecture USE: Terrorism Service-oriented systems engineering Sequence analysis Web services USE: Sequences Service oriented architecture Sequences USE: Service-oriented UF: Digital sequences architecture Sequence analysis BT: Mathematics Service robots RT: Codes BT: Robots NT: Binary sequences RT: Home automation Random sequences Manipulators Mobile robots Sequencing USE: Sequential analysis Service-oriented architecture UF: SOA Sequential analysis Service oriented UF: Sequencing architecture BT: System analysis and design Service-oriented architectures Sequential circuits BT: Web services UF: Sequential logic circuits RT: Service computing BT: Circuits Service-oriented systems engineering Sequential diagnosis BT: System analysis and design Service-oriented architectures USE: Service-oriented Sequential logic circuits architecture USE: Sequential circuits Service-oriented systems engineering Sequential production UF: SOSE USE: Flow production systems BT: Systems engineering and theory Serious games RT: Formal specifications USE: Games Service computing Service-oriented Servers architecture BT: Client-server systems Software engineering RT: Network function virtualization Servo control NT: Web servers USE: Servosystems

Service awards Servo-control This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 432 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Servosystems UF: Standard Generalized Markup Language Servomechanisms BT: Markup languages BT: Servomotors RT: Actuators Shadow mapping Manipulators UF: Projective shadowing Shadowing Servomotors BT: Computer graphics UF: Servos RT: Three-dimensional displays BT: Motors Rotating machines Shadowing Servosystems USE: Shadow mapping NT: Servomechanisms Shafts Servos BT: Machine components USE: Servomotors Production RT: Couplings Servosystems Gears UF: Servo control Machine tool spindles Servo-control Mechanical power BT: Control equipment transmission RT: Actuators Mechanical splines Manipulators Pistons Motion control Propellers Motor drives Torque converters Position control NT: Camshafts Robots Velocity control Shape NT: Servomotors BT: Graphics RT: Geometry Set theory Pattern recognition BT: Algebra Shape control Mathematics Shape measurement RT: Boolean algebra Maximum likelihood Shape control estimation BT: Mechanical variables NT: Fuzzy set theory control Fuzzy sets RT: Shape Rough sets Shape measurement SEU BT: Measurement USE: Single event upsets RT: Shape

Sewage treatment Shape memory alloys BT: Waste handling BT: Alloying RT: Pollution RT: Actuators Pollution control Sanitary engineering Shape memory material Sludge treatment USE: Smart materials Water pollution Shape memory technology SF6 USE: Smart materials USE: Sulfur hexafluoride Share prices SGML BT: Economic indicators This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 433 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Seismic waves Shearing BT: Materials processing Shoe manufacture RT: Sheet metal processing USE: Footwear industry

Sheet materials Shoes BT: Materials USE: Footwear Structural shapes RT: Sandwich structures Short circuit currents Sheet metal processing USE: Short-circuit currents Structural panels Thin wall structures Short-circuit currents UF: Short circuit currents Sheet metal processing BT: Current BT: Manufacturing systems RT: Blanking Shortest path problem Embossing UF: Shortest-path-problem Punching BT: Graph theory Shearing Sheet materials Shortest-path-problem USE: Shortest path problem Shewhart charts USE: Control charts Shoulder BT: Extremities Shift registers NT: Axilla BT: Registers RT: Logic circuits Shunts (electrical) NT: Linear feedback shift BT: Electric current control registers Photovoltaic effects

Shipbuilding industry Si UF: Boat building industry USE: Silicon BT: Manufacturing industries RT: Construction industry SiC USE: Silicon carbide Ships USE: Marine vehicles Sick pay USE: Employee welfare Shock USE: Electric shock Side channel attacks USE: Side-channel attacks Shock (mechanics) BT: Mechanical factors Side-channel attacks UF: Side channel attacks Shock absorbers BT: Cryptography UF: Dampers BT: Suspensions SiGe RT: Automotive components USE: Silicon germanium Damping Springs Sigma delta Vibration control USE: Sigma-delta modulation

Shock waves Sigma-delta modulation BT: Waves UF: Delta sigma RT: Aerodynamics Sigma delta This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 434 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Delta modulation Correlators Decision making Sign language Demodulation BT: Gesture recognition Pattern clustering RT: Assistive technology Receivers Deafness Signal resolution Semantics Source separation Time of arrival estimation Signal analysis NT: Acoustic signal detection UF: Waveform analysis Motion detection BT: Signal processing Multiuser detection RT: Autocorrelation Optical signal detection Blind source separation Phase detection Frequency-domain analysis Radar detection Pattern clustering Power system faults Signal estimation Rate distortion theory USE: Estimation Signal resolution Speech analysis Signal flow graphs Total harmonic distortion USE: Flow graphs Transient analysis Wavelet transforms Signal generators NT: Discrete-event systems UF: Function generators Harmonic analysis Waveform generators Parameter estimation BT: Signal processing Signal mapping NT: Noise generators Spectral analysis Pulse generation

Signal classification Signal integrity USE: Pattern classification BT: Signal processing

Signal constellation Signal mapping USE: Constellation diagram BT: Signal analysis

Signal de-noising Signal processing USE: Signal denoising UF: Vibrational signal processing Signal decomposition RT: Analog processing circuits USE: Signal resolution Antennas and propagation Band-pass filters Signal denoising Bandwidth UF: Signal de-noising Biomedical computing BT: Signal reconstruction Bit rate RT: Signal resolution Correlators Signal restoration Data processing Signal to noise ratio Decoding Deconvolution Signal design Digital signal processors BT: Signal processing Discrete Fourier transforms Empirical mode Signal detection decomposition UF: Detection (signal) Encoding BT: Signal processing Estimation RT: Blind source separation Estimation theory Channel estimation Feature extraction This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 435 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Fourier series Signal generators Gaussian noise Signal integrity Independent component Signal reconstruction analysis Signal resolution Matrix decomposition Signal restoration Pattern clustering Signal sampling Prediction methods Signal synthesis Random processes Source separation Rate distortion theory Spectrogram Stability analysis Tracking loops Structure from motion Synapses Signal processing algorithms System-on-chip BT: Algorithms Transforms Transversal filters Signal quantisation Vectors USE: Quantization (signal) Wavelet transforms NT: Acoustic signal processing Signal quantization Adaptive signal processing USE: Quantization (signal) Amplifiers Array signal processing Signal reconstruction Attenuators BT: Signal processing Chirp RT: Inverse problems Convolution Signal sampling Decorrelation Signal to noise ratio Digital signal processing NT: Signal denoising Dispersion Distortion Signal representation Error correction BT: Modeling Fading channels RT: Approximation methods Filters Wavelet transforms Frequency locked loops Geophysical signal Signal resolution processing UF: Signal decomposition Limiting BT: Signal processing Modulation RT: Array signal processing Multidimensional signal Signal analysis processing Signal denoising Noise Signal detection Optical signal processing Spectral analysis Optical wavelength NT: Diversity reception conversion Phase locked loops Signal restoration Pulse compression BT: Signal processing methods RT: Deconvolution Pulse shaping methods Distortion Quantization (signal) Signal denoising RF signals Radar signal processing Signal sampling Received signal strength BT: Signal processing indicator RT: Quantization (signal) Recording Sampling methods Signal analysis Signal reconstruction Signal design Signal detection Signal separation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 436 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Source separation Silicon devices Silicon germanium Signal synthesis Silicon-on-insulator BT: Signal processing NT: Amorphous silicon RT: Speech synthesis Porous silicon Silicon alloys Signal to noise ratio Silicon photonics UF: S/N SNR Silicon alloys Signal-to-noise ratio BT: Silicon Signal-to-noise-ratio RT: Alloying BT: Noise NT: Germanium silicon alloys RT: Filters Noise figure Silicon carbide RAKE receivers UF: SiC Signal denoising BT: Silicon compounds Signal reconstruction NT: PSNR Silicon compiler BT: Computer aided Signal-to-noise ratio manufacturing USE: Signal to noise ratio RT: Integrated circuit manufacture Signal-to-noise-ratio USE: Signal to noise ratio Silicon compounds UF: Silica Signaling systems Silicon dioxide USE: Communication system BT: Compounds signaling RT: Critical current density Semiconductor materials Signature detection Silicon USE: Handwriting recognition Wide band gap semiconductors Signature verification NT: Silicides USE: Handwriting recognition Silicon carbide Silicon nitride Silica USE: Silicon compounds Silicon controlled rectifiers USE: Thyristors Silicidation BT: Semiconductor device Silicon devices manufacture BT: Semiconductor devices RT: Doping Silicides Photonics BT: Silicon compounds Silicon

Silicon Silicon dioxide UF: Si USE: Silicon compounds Silicon materials Siliconization Silicon epitaxial layers BT: Semiconductor materials USE: Semiconductor epitaxial RT: Amorphous semiconductors layers Elemental semiconductors Epitaxial growth Silicon germanium Semiconductor thin films UF: SiGe Silicon compounds BT: Semiconductor materials This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 437 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Germanium NT: Silicon on sapphire Silicon Silicon-on-insulator Silicon-on-insulator technology Substrates USE: Silicon-on-insulator Transistors Silicon-on-sapphire Silicon materials USE: Silicon on sapphire USE: Silicon Silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon Silicon nitride USE: SONOS devices BT: Nitrogen Silicon compounds Siliconization USE: Silicon Silicon on insulator USE: Silicon-on-insulator Silver UF: Ag Silicon on insulator technology BT: Metals USE: Silicon-on-insulator SIMO communication Silicon on sapphire UF: Single input multiple output UF: Silicon-on-sapphire systems BT: CMOS technology BT: Communication systems Silicon-on-insulator RT: Antenna arrays RT: Substrates Diversity reception Feedback Silicon photonics MIMO communication BT: Photonics MISO communication Silicon Optical materials RT: Optical fiber communication Radio communication SISO communication Silicon radiation detectors BT: Radiation detectors Simple object access protocol RT: Ionizing radiation UF: SOAP BT: Web services Silicon-on-insulator UF: SOI Simulated annealing SOS (silicon on sapphire) BT: Mathematics Silicon on insulator Optimization methods Silicon on insulator RT: Annealing technology Monte Carlo methods Silicon-on-insulator Relaxation methods technology BT: Circuits Simulation RT: Double-gate FETs UF: Simulation results Integrated circuits BT: Modeling Interface states RT: Application virtualization Junctionless nanowire Computer aided analysis transistors Computer graphics Proton radiation effects Emulation Semiconductor devices Matlab Semiconductor-insulator Monte Carlo methods interfaces Numerical simulation Silicon Reduced order systems Silicon germanium NT: Computer simulation Thin film circuits Digital simulation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 438 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Hardware-in-the loop RT: Optimization methods simulation Medical simulation Single photon emission computed Systems simulation tomography UF: SPECT Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit BT: Computed tomography Emphasis RT: Cancer USE: SPICE Collimators Phantoms Simulation results Tumors USE: Simulation Single-electron transistors Simultaneous localization and mapping USE: Single electron transistors UF: SLAM BT: Robot sensing systems Single-wall carbon nanotubes USE: Carbon nanotubes Single atom lasers USE: Atom lasers Singular value decomposition BT: Matrices Single electron devices BT: Circuits and systems SIS devices (semiconductor) Electron devices USE: Semiconductor devices RT: Nanoscale devices Nanotechnology SIS devices (superconductor) Resonant tunneling devices USE: Superconducting devices NT: Single electron memory Single electron transistors SISO communication UF: Single input single output Single electron memory systems BT: Single electron devices BT: Communication systems NT: Hetero-nanocrystal memory RT: Antenna arrays Diversity reception Single electron transistors MIMO communication UF: Single-electron transistors MISO communication BT: Single electron devices Radio communication SIMO communication Single event latchup Transmitters BT: Proton effects Radiation effects Six sigma BT: Total quality management Single event transients RT: Quality assurance BT: Ionization Quality control

Single event upsets Size control UF: SEU BT: Mechanical variables BT: Ionization control RT: Thickness control Single input multiple output systems USE: SIMO communication Size measurement BT: Measurement Single input single output systems RT: Area measurement USE: SISO communication Length measurement Thickness measurement Single machine scheduling Volume measurement BT: Scheduling NT: Functional point analysis This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 439 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Snore signals Skeleton Snoring BT: Musculoskeletal system BT: Medical conditions NT: Bones Sleep Joints Spine Sleep apnoea Thorax USE: Sleep apnea

Skin Slideways (mechanical) BT: Integumentary system USE: Mechanical guides NT: Dermis Epidermis Sliding mode control Sebaceous glands UF: Sliding-mode control Sweat glands BT: Control systems

Skin cancer Sliding-mode control BT: Cancer USE: Sliding mode control

Skin effect Slot antennas BT: Current density BT: Antennas RT: Conductors Power systems Slot line components Resistance UF: Slotline components System analysis and design BT: Slot lines

Skin neoplasms Slot lines BT: Neoplasms UF: Slotline BT: Planar transmission lines Skull NT: Slot line components BT: Head RT: Bones Slotline USE: Slot lines Slabs BT: Structural shapes Slotline components USE: Slot line components Slag BT: Industrial waste Slow light RT: Fly ash BT: Light sources Waste disposal RT: Velocity measurement Waste management Sludge treatment SLAM UF: Activated sludge process USE: Simultaneous localization BT: Waste handling and mapping RT: Pollution control Sewage treatment SLD Wastewater USE: Superluminescent diodes Wastewater treatment

Sleep Slurries BT: Brain BT: Waste materials NT: Sleep apnea RT: Industrial waste

Sleep apnea Small business technology transfer UF: Sleep apnoea BT: Technology transfer Snore activity This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 440 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Small cell networks USE: Microcell networks Smart homes BT: Buildings SMAP mission Home automation UF: Soil Moisture Active Passive mission Smart manufacturing BT: Soil moisture BT: Manufacturing RT: Intelligent manufacturing Smart actuators systems USE: Intelligent actuators Smart devices Smart materials Smart buildings BT: Buildings Smart materials UF: Shape memory material Smart cameras Shape memory technology BT: Cameras BT: Materials Computer vision RT: Austenite RT: Distributed vision networks Azobenzene Dielectric elastomers Smart cards Martensite BT: User interfaces Metamaterials RT: Access control Polycaprolactone Data processing Smart manufacturing Smart transportation Smart cities NT: Biomimetic materials BT: Intelligent structures Internet of Things Smart meters Urban areas BT: Meter reading RT: Buildings RT: Automatic meter reading Construction industry Smart grids Cyber-physical systems Smart microgrids Smart devices USE: Smart grids BT: Electronic equipment Wireless communication Smart phones RT: Smart glasses UF: Smartphones Smart manufacturing BT: Mobile handsets RT: Bring your own device Smart elastomers USE: Dielectric elastomers Smart pixels BT: Image processing Smart glasses RT: Integrated optoelectronics UF: Smartglasses Optical switches BT: Wearable Computers RT: Smart devices Smart power grids USE: Smart grids Smart grids UF: Smart microgrids Smart sensors Smart power grids USE: Intelligent sensors BT: Power grids RT: Cyber-physical systems Smart structures Microgrids USE: Intelligent structures Smart meters Transactive energy Smart transportation NT: Vehicle-to-grid BT: Transportation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 441 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Automated highways SMPTE Intelligent transportation UF: Society of Motion Picture systems and Television Engineers Intelligent vehicles BT: Standards organizations Smart materials SMPTE Standards Smart TV BT: Standards publications BT: TV RT: Internet Sn USE: Tin Smartglasses USE: Smart glasses Snake bots USE: Snake robots Smartphones USE: Smart phones Snake robots UF: Snake bots Smelting Snakebots BT: Materials processing BT: Information security RT: Blast furnaces Heat treatment Snakebots Melt processing USE: Snake robots Metals industry Refining Snore activity USE: Sleep apnea SMES USE: Superconducting magnetic Snore signals energy storage USE: Sleep apnea

Smoke detectors Snoring BT: Alarm systems USE: Sleep apnea RT: Domestic safety Fires Snow Ionization chambers BT: Meteorology Safety devices RT: Ice ZigBee SNR Smoothed particle hydrodynamics USE: Signal to noise ratio USE: Fluid flow AND Hydrodynamics SNS devices USE: Superconducting devices Smoothing methods BT: Mathematics Snubbers BT: Power electronics SMOS mission UF: Soil moisture and ocean SOA salinity USE: Semiconductor optical Soil moisture and ocean amplifiers AND salinity mission Service-oriented BT: Ocean salinity architecture Soil moisture SOAP SMPS USE: Simple object access USE: Switched mode power protocol supplies SOC This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 442 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: System-on-chip Social intelligence Social computing BT: Behavioral sciences BT: Collaborative work Social computing Internet Sociology RT: Behavioral sciences RT: Cultural differences Crowdsourcing Social factors Social computing Social network services Social media NT: Persuasive systems USE: Social network services Social intelligence Social network services Social engineering (security) UF: Social media BT: Information security Social networking RT: Human factors Social networks Psychology Social-network Social factors BT: Information retrieval RT: Blogs Social factors Crowdsourcing BT: Social implications of Electronic mail technology Internet RT: Digital divide Social computing Governmental factors Web sites International collaboration NT: Computer mediated International relations communication Philosophical Facebook considerations Flickr Social engineering LinkedIn (security) MySpace Social intelligence Second Life Technology planning Twitter NT: Demography YouTube Technology social factors Social networking Social groups USE: Social network services BT: Sociology NT: Millennials Social networks Senior citizens USE: Social network services

Social implications of technology Social-network UF: Orange technology USE: Social network services RT: Cyberethics Digital divide Society of Motion Picture and Television NT: Cultural differences Engineers Environmental factors USE: SMPTE Ethical aspects Ethics Socio-technical systems Globalization USE: Sociotechnical systems International relations Peace technology Sociology Philosophical BT: Science - general considerations RT: Collective intelligence Social factors NT: Digital divide Sustainable development Social groups Technology Social intelligence This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 443 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Sociotechnical systems Software UF: Socio-technical systems UF: Computer software BT: Organizations On-demand software BT: Computers and information Sockets processing BT: Connectors RT: Algorithms Collaborative work Sodium Computer languages BT: Chemical elements Computer science Courseware Soft electronics Documentation BT: Electronic equipment Enterprise resource RT: Flexible electronics planning Inorganic materials Firewalls (computing) Wearable computers Geospatial analysis Microprogramming Soft lithography Programming UF: Microcontact printing Software engineering Replica molding Software protection Replica moulding Software standards BT: Lithography NT: Anti-virus software RT: Nanolithography Application software Nanopatterning Embedded software Invasive software Soft magnetic materials Middleware BT: Magnetic materials Open source software Optical character Soft robotics recognition software UF: Soft robots Public domain software BT: Robots Software agents Software as a service Soft robots Software debugging USE: Soft robotics Software maintenance Software packages Soft switch Software performance USE: Soft switching Software quality Software reusability Soft switching Software safety UF: Soft switch Software systems Softswitch Software tools BT: Telecommunication System software computing RT: Routing Software agents BT: Software Softening RT: Artificial intelligence UF: Softening (metallurgical) Computer applications BT: Materials processing Distributed computing RT: Annealing Intelligent systems Knowledge based systems Softening (metallurgical) Learning systems USE: Softening Mobile agents NT: Agent-based modeling Softswitch Autonomous agents USE: Soft switching Botnet This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 444 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Intelligent agents Software development management Software algorithms BT: Engineering management BT: Algorithms RT: Scrum (Software development) Software architecture Software product lines BT: Software engineering NT: Agile software development RT: Distributed computing Model-driven development NT: Client-server systems Microarchitecture Software documentation Representational state USE: Documentation transfer Software engineering Software as a service BT: Computers and information UF: On demand software processing On-demand software RT: Code refractoring SaaS Functional point analysis Software-as-a-service Rapid prototyping BT: Software Requirements engineering RT: Cloud computing Service-oriented systems Information processing engineering Software Software debugging Static analysis BT: Software Systems Modeling RT: Programming Language Programming environments Visual BASIC NT: Software design NT: Capability maturity model Computer aided software Software defined networking engineering UF: SDN Formal verification BT: Computer networks Programming environments RT: Application programming Reasoning about programs interfaces Runtime Cloud computing Software architecture Computer network Software libraries management Software product lines Distributed processing Intelligent networks Software libraries Mobile computing BT: Libraries Network function Software engineering virtualization RT: Algorithms Network operating systems Matlab Operating systems Object oriented Protocols programming Virtual machining Software reusability Virtualization Software maintenance Software defined radio BT: Software USE: Software radio RT: Software product lines

Software design Software measurement BT: Software debugging BT: Measurement RT: Web design NT: Software metrics NT: Model driven engineering Usability Software metrics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 445 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Software measurement BT: Reliability

Software packages Software reusability BT: Software UF: Software reuse RT: Computer applications BT: Software Power system analysis RT: Capability maturity model computing Object oriented NT: EMTDC programming PSCAD Software libraries SPICE Software reuse Software performance USE: Software reusability BT: Software RT: Algorithmic efficiency Software reviews Capability maturity model BT: IEEE indexing

Software piracy Software safety USE: Computer crime BT: Software RT: Product safety engineering Software product lines BT: Product development Software standards Software engineering BT: Standards categories RT: Software development RT: ISO management ISO Standards Software maintenance Software

Software protection Software systems BT: Copyright protection BT: Software Legal factors RT: Digital rights management Software testing Intellectual property BT: Testing Software NT: Fuzzing

Software prototyping Software tools BT: System analysis and design BT: Software RT: Computer aided software Software quality engineering BT: Software Programming RT: Algorithmic efficiency Programming environments Visual BASIC Software radio NT: Authoring systems UF: Reconfigurable radio Software defined radio Software-as-a-service Software-defined radio USE: Software as a service BT: Mobile communication Radio communication Software-defined radio RT: Code division multiplexing USE: Software radio Land mobile radio Land mobile radio cellular SOI systems USE: Silicon-on-insulator Telecommunication computing Soil Transceivers BT: Geoscience RT: Earth Software reliability Sediments This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 446 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Soil measurements Heating systems Soil pollution RT: Phase change materials NT: Soil moisture Solar energy Soil properties Space heating Soil texture Solar panels Soil measurements BT: Photovoltaic systems BT: Measurement Solar power generation RT: Geophysical measurements Moisture measurement Solar polarimetry Remote sensing USE: Polarimetry Soil NT: Salinity (geophysical) Solar power generation BT: Power generation Soil moisture RT: Building integrated BT: Soil photovoltaics NT: SMAP mission Solar energy SMOS mission Solar powered vehicles NT: Maximum power point Soil Moisture Active Passive mission trackers USE: SMAP mission Photovoltaic systems Solar panels Soil moisture and ocean salinity USE: SMOS mission Solar powered vehicles BT: Electric vehicles Soil moisture and ocean salinity mission RT: Battery powered vehicles USE: SMOS mission Energy storage Solar power generation Soil pollution Traction motors BT: Land pollution Vehicle-to-grid RT: Agriculture Soil Solar radiation BT: Extraterrestrial phenomena Soil properties RT: Solar energy BT: Soil Space radiation

Soil texture Solar system BT: Soil BT: Astronomy NT: Kuiper belt Solar cells Planets USE: Photovoltaic cells Satellites Sun Solar cooling BT: Cooling Solder joints USE: Soldering Solar energy BT: Energy resources Soldering RT: Maximum power point UF: Solder joints trackers BT: Assembly Solar heating Fabrication Solar power generation Joining processes Solar radiation RT: Bonding processes Manufacturing Solar heating Materials processing BT: Energy conversion Soldering equipment This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 447 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Brazing RT: Circuits and systems Flip chip solder joints NT: Circuit subsystems Reflow soldering Circuit theory FET circuits Soldering equipment Gate leakage BT: Production equipment Solid state circuit design RT: Joining materials Transistors Joining processes Soldering Solid state lasers USE: Solid lasers Solderless breadboard USE: Breadboard circuit Solid state lighting UF: Solid-state lighting Solenoids BT: Lighting BT: Magnetic devices RT: Switches Solid-state batteries Transducers USE: Solid state batteries

Solid lasers Solid-state circuit design UF: Color center lasers USE: Solid state circuit design Solid state lasers Solid-state lasers Solid-state circuits BT: Lasers USE: Solid state circuits RT: Thermal lensing Thermooptical devices Solid-state lasers NT: Microchip lasers USE: Solid lasers Quantum well lasers Semiconductor lasers Solid-state lighting Surface emitting lasers USE: Solid state lighting

Solid modeling Solid-state physics BT: Modeling BT: Physics RT: Solid-state physics RT: Materials science and Virtual reality technology Quantum mechanics Solid oxide electrolyzer cells Solid modeling USE: Fuel cells Solids Solid scintillation detectors BT: Materials BT: Scintillation counters RT: Crystals RT: Energy resolution Materials science and Medical diagnostic imaging technology Spectroscopy NT: Young's modulus

Solid state batteries Solitons UF: Solid-state batteries BT: Waves BT: Batteries NT: Optical solitons

Solid state circuit design Solution design UF: Solid-state circuit design BT: Systems engineering and BT: Solid state circuits theory RT: Circuit synthesis Solvents Solid state circuits BT: Chemical processes UF: Solid-state circuits RT: Methanol This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 448 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

SOM Sonogram USE: Self-organizing feature BT: Ultrasonography maps RT: Spectrogram

Sonar SONOS devices BT: Aerospace and electronic UF: Silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide- systems silicon RT: Acoustic arrays BT: Semiconductor devices Chirp modulation Ultrasonic transducers Sorting NT: Sonar applications BT: Data handling Sonar equipment RT: Merging Synthetic aperture sonar SOS (silicon on sapphire) Sonar applications USE: Silicon-on-insulator BT: Sonar RT: Sonar navigation SOSE NT: Sonar detection USE: Service-oriented systems Sonar measurements engineering

Sonar detection Sound systems BT: Acoustic signal detection USE: Audio systems Sonar applications RT: Reflectivity Source coding BT: Data compression Sonar equipment Encoding UF: Hydrophones Information theory BT: Sonar RT: Rate distortion theory

Sonar measurements Source location BT: Sonar applications USE: Position measurement RT: Remote sensing Sea measurements Source separation UF: Signal separation Sonar navigation BT: Signal processing BT: Navigation RT: Adaptive signal detection RT: Sonar applications Array signal processing Signal detection SONET NT: Blind source separation UF: Synchronous optical network South America BT: Communication standards BT: Continents Digital communication ETSI Standards South Pole Optical fiber communication BT: Antarctica RT: Asynchronous transfer mode Space based radar Synchronous digital USE: Spaceborne radar hierarchy Transport protocols Space born radar USE: Spaceborne radar Sonification BT: Audio systems Space charge Information processing BT: Charge carrier processes This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 449 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Electrostatic processes RT: Pulsed electroacoustic Space phenomena methods USE: Extraterrestrial phenomena Vacuum technology Space power stations Space communications UF: Power stations (space) BT: Telecommunications BT: Space stations NT: Deep-space RT: Power generation communications Space radiation Space cooling BT: Radiation effects BT: Cooling RT: Ionization RT: Buildings Solar radiation Coolants Refrigerants Space shuttles BT: Space vehicles Space debris RT: Aerospace safety UF: Orbital debris Space junk Space stations Space waste BT: Artificial satellites BT: Space technology NT: International Space Station Space power stations Space diversity USE: Spatial diversity Space technology UF: Space habitats Space exploration BT: Aerospace engineering UF: Space travel RT: Artificial satellites BT: Space technology Extraterrestrial phenomena RT: NASA Field programmable analog NT: Interplanetary exploration arrays Space missions NASA Space vehicles Space habitats NT: Payloads USE: Buildings AND Space debris Space technology Space exploration

Space heating Space travel BT: Heating systems USE: Space exploration RT: Building services Gas appliances Space vector pulse width modulation Solar heating UF: SVPWM Temperature control BT: Pulse width modulation Vents RT: AC motors Converters Space junk DC motors USE: Space debris Space vehicle electronics Space measurements USE: Aerospace electronics USE: Extraterrestrial measurements Space vehicle instrumentation USE: Aerospace electronics Space missions BT: Space exploration Space vehicle navigation RT: Interplanetary exploration USE: Space vehicles NASA This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 450 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Space vehicles UF: Planetary landers Sparks Space vehicle navigation BT: Electric breakdown BT: Vehicles RT: Spark gaps RT: Aerospace accidents Aerospace control Sparse matrices Aerospace electronics UF: Sparse matrix Aerospace materials BT: Numerical analysis Aerospace safety Artificial satellites Sparse matrix Ground support USE: Sparse matrices Proton effects Space technology Spatial coherence NT: Space shuttles BT: Image processing

Space waste Spatial databases USE: Space debris BT: Databases

Space-time codes Spatial diversity BT: Codes UF: Antenna diversity RT: Channel coding Space diversity Decoding BT: Communication systems Wireless communication Spaceborn radar RT: Antennas USE: Spaceborne radar Quality of service Receiving antennas Spaceborne radar UF: Satellite born radar Spatial filters Satellite borne radar BT: Filters Space based radar Space born radar Spatial indexes Spaceborn radar UF: Spacial indices BT: Radar BT: Indexes RT: Radar remote sensing Synthetic aperture radar Spatial resolution BT: Image resolution Spacecraft materials RT: Image quality USE: Aerospace materials Spatio-temporal phenomena Spacial indices USE: Spatiotemporal phenomena USE: Spatial indexes Spatiotemporal phenomena Spam UF: Spatio-temporal USE: Unsolicited electronic mail phenomena BT: Chaos Spamming RT: Nonlinear dynamical USE: Unsolicited electronic mail systems Pattern formation Spark gaps Pattern matching BT: Electromagnetic analysis Pattern recognition RT: Air gaps Electrodes Speaker recognition Insulation BT: Identification of persons Sparks RT: Biometrics (access control) Switches Speech recognition This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 451 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Viterbi algorithm Spectral domain USE: Spectral analysis Special issues USE: Special issues and sections Spectral efficiency UF: Bandwidth efficiency Special issues and sections BT: Channel allocation UF: Special issues Measurement Special sections RT: Bandwidth BT: IEEE indexing Information processing

Special sections Spectral shape USE: Special issues and sections BT: Acoustics

Specific absorption rate Spectral waterfall UF: SAR USE: Spectrogram BT: Electromagnetic interference Spectral-domain USE: Spectral analysis Specification languages BT: Computer languages Spectrogram NT: Domain specific languages UF: Spectral waterfall Unified modeling language Voice print Voicegram Speckle Voiceprint BT: Optical noise BT: Signal processing RT: Optical interferometry RT: Sonogram Optical scattering Spectrometry SPECT USE: Spectroscopy USE: Single photon emission computed tomography Spectroradiometers BT: Radiometers Spectral analysis Spectral analysis UF: Power spectra NT: MODIS Spectral domain Spectral-domain Spectroscopy Spectrum analysis UF: Spectrometry Spectrum estimation BT: Measurement BT: Signal analysis RT: Atomic measurements RT: Direction-of-arrival Bandwidth estimation Fourier series Estimation Infrared spectra Frequency estimation Nuclear measurements Harmonic analysis Radiation detectors Parameter estimation Solid scintillation detectors Prediction methods Spectral analysis Signal resolution Thermoreflectance imaging Spectroscopy NT: Electrochemical impedance Speech analysis spectroscopy Time series analysis Electron paramagnetic Transforms resonance NT: Infrared spectra Fourier transform infrared Judd-Ofelt theory spectroscopy Spectroradiometers Kirchhoff's Law MERIS This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 452 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Mass spectroscopy BT: Speech processing Neutron spin echo RT: Hearing aids Photoacoustic effects Speech recognition Resonance light scattering Speech processing Spectrum analysis BT: Acoustic signal processing USE: Spectral analysis RT: Delay estimation Prediction methods Spectrum estimation NT: Human voice USE: Spectral analysis Speech enhancement Speech synthesis Spectrum management Voice activity detection USE: Radio spectrum management Speech recognition BT: Identification of persons Speech Pattern recognition BT: Oral communication RT: Cepstral analysis Emotion recognition Speech activity detection Feature extraction USE: Voice activity detection Speaker recognition Speech enhancement Speech analysis Voice activity detection BT: Speech recognition NT: Automatic speech RT: Cepstral analysis recognition Frequency estimation Speech analysis Signal analysis Spectral analysis Speech synthesis Speech coding UF: Voice response systems Speech synthesis BT: Speech processing RT: Biomedical equipment Speech codecs Signal synthesis BT: Codecs Speech analysis Communication equipment Voice activity detection RT: Decoding Speech coding Speechmaking Vocoders USE: Public speaking

Speech coding Speed control BT: Encoding USE: Velocity control Information theory RT: Audio coding Speed measurement Rate distortion theory USE: Velocity measurement Speech analysis Speech codecs SPICE Vector quantization UF: Simulation Program with Vocoders Integrated Circuit Emphasis Voice activity detection pSPICE BT: Software packages Speech communication RT: Circuit analysis USE: Oral communication Design automation Integrated circuits Speech detection USE: Voice activity detection Spin injection USE: Spin polarized transport Speech enhancement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 453 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Spin polarised transport Pulp and paper industry USE: Spin polarized transport Spinning Textile industry Spin polarized transport Textiles UF: Spin injection Spin polarised transport Spintronics BT: Magnetoelectronics UF: Fluxtronics RT: Magnetic tunneling Spinelectronics Magnetoresistance BT: Magnetoelectric effects

Spin valves Spirals BT: Magnetic sensors BT: Mathematics RT: Hysteresis Splicing Spin-dependent tunneling UF: Cable splicing USE: Magnetic tunneling Fusion splicing BT: Joining processes Spin-dependent tunnelling RT: Optical fiber cables USE: Magnetic tunneling Transmission lines

Spinal cord Spline functions BT: Nervous system USE: Splines (mathematics) NT: Cerebrospinal fluid Spinal cord injury Splines (mathematics) UF: B-Spline Spinal cord injuries Spline functions USE: Spinal cord injury BT: Numerical analysis RT: Curve fitting Spinal cord injury UF: Spinal cord injuries Split gate flash memory cells BT: Spinal cord UF: Split-gate flash memory cells Spinal cord stimulation BT: Flash memory cells USE: Electrical stimulation Split-gate flash memory cells Spindle bearings USE: Split gate flash memory USE: Machine tool spindles cells

Spine SPO BT: Nervous system USE: Triples (Data structure) Skeleton Spontaneous emission Spinelectronics UF: Superradiance USE: Spintronics BT: Photonics RT: Microcavities Spinning Photonic crystals BT: Textile technology NT: Radiative recombination RT: Spinning machines Textile fibers Sports equipment BT: Manufactured products Spinning machines RT: Bicycles BT: Textile machinery RT: Paper making Spot welding Paper making machines BT: Welding Paper mills This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 454 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Spraying Wires BT: Surface finishing RT: Aerosols Sprites (computer) Coatings BT: Computer graphics Liquids RT: Three-dimensional displays Particle production Two dimensional displays Surface charging NT: Thermal spraying Spur gears USE: Gears Spread spectrum communication UF: Frequency hop Spurline communication BT: Power filters Frequency-hop RT: Planar transmission lines communication NT: Spurline components Multi-hop Multihop Spurline components Pseudonoise coded BT: Spurline communication BT: Digital communication Sputter deposition RT: 3G mobile communication USE: Sputtering 4G mobile communication Bluetooth Sputter etching Channel estimation BT: Sputtering Chirp modulation RT: Cardiography Code division multiplexing Electronic countermeasures Sputtering Electronic warfare UF: Sputter deposition Multicarrier code division Thin film deposition multiple access BT: Materials preparation Multiuser detection RT: Coatings Radio communication Films countermeasures Magnetrons Time division synchronous NT: Sputter etching code division multiple access Ultra wideband Spyware communication BT: Malware

Spread spectrum radar SQL UF: Frequency hop radar USE: Structured Query Language Pseudonoise coded radar BT: Radar SQL injection RT: Chirp modulation BT: Computer crime Electronic countermeasures Information security Electronic warfare Radar countermeasures SQUID magnetometers BT: Magnetometers Spreadsheet programs RT: Magnetic fields UF: Microsoft Excel BT: Data processing SQUIDs UF: Superconducting quantum Springs interference devices BT: Mechanical products BT: Superconducting devices Production RT: Readout electronics RT: Shock absorbers Suspensions Sr This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 455 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Strontium Standard Generalized Markup Language SRAM USE: SGML USE: SRAM chips Standardization SRAM cells BT: Engineering - general BT: Random access memory RT: IEC ISO SRAM chips ISO Standards UF: SRAM NT: Formal specifications BT: Random access memory Guidelines RT: CMOS memory circuits Standards

Stability Standards BT: Reliability BT: Standardization RT: Asymptotic stability RT: IEC Control systems ISO Damping International collaboration Lyapunov methods Open systems Predator prey systems Qualifications Robustness NT: Standards Organizations NT: Circuit stability Standards categories Robust stability Standards organizations Stability analysis Standards publications Thermal stability Standards categories Stability analysis BT: Standards BT: Stability NT: Communication standards RT: Algorithms International Atomic Time Differential equations Measurement standards Laser stability Military standards Plasma properties Power and energy Signal processing standards System analysis and design Software standards NT: Stability criteria Standards Organizations Stability criteria BT: Standards BT: Stability analysis NT: Open Geospatial Consortium Stacking BT: Material storage Standards organizations RT: Containers BT: Standards Materials handling NT: 3GPP Warehousing ANSI ASA Stakeholder pensions DMTF USE: Pensions ETSI IEC Stakeholders IEEE Standards BT: Customer relationship Association management ISO Organizational aspects ITU RT: Decision making NACE International Requirements engineering NFPA Strategic planning NIST This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 456 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

SMPTE State-space methods W3C UF: State-space model BT: Control system analysis Standards publications RT: Time-domain analysis BT: Standards NT: 3GPP Standards State-space model ANSI Standards USE: State-space methods ASA Standards DMTF Standards Static analysis ETSI Standards UF: Static projection IEC Standards Statis scoring IEEE Standards BT: Statistical analysis ISO Standards System analysis and design ITU Standards RT: Model checking NACE Standards Software engineering NISO Standards NIST Standards Static compensator SMPTE Standards USE: STATCOM W3C Standards Static converters Standby generators USE: Static power converters UF: Emergency power generators Static induction transistors BT: Generators BT: Transistors Rotating machines RT: Emergency power supplies Static power converters UF: Static converters Standby power supplies BT: Converters USE: Emergency power supplies Static projection Stark effect USE: Static analysis BT: Electrooptic effects Static VAr compensators Starter motors (automotive) UF: SVC USE: Automotive components BT: Power transmission RT: Reactive power STATCOM NT: STATCOM UF: Static compensator BT: Static VAr compensators Stationary state UF: Ground state State estimation BT: Quantum mechanics BT: Estimation RT: Control systems Statis scoring NT: Observers USE: Static analysis

State feedback Statistical analysis BT: Linear feedback control UF: Statistical testing systems BT: Statistics RT: Measurement errors State of charge Nearest neighbor methods BT: Battery chargers Probability Random processes State pensions Time series analysis USE: Pensions NT: Analysis of variance Mode matching methods This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 457 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Monte Carlo methods Root mean square Parameter estimation Sampling methods Pareto analysis Statistical analysis Principal component Time series analysis analysis Regression analysis Stator bars Static analysis BT: Stators

Statistical distributions Stator cores BT: Probability BT: Stators NT: Distribution functions Gaussian distribution Stator windings Weibull distribution BT: Stators

Statistical learning Stators BT: Machine learning BT: Electric machines RT: Pattern recognition NT: Stator bars Stator cores Statistical testing Stator windings USE: Statistical analysis Steady state Statistics USE: Steady-state BT: Mathematics RT: Econometrics Steady-state Estimation theory UF: Steady state Extrapolation BT: Dynamic equilibrium Fourier transforms RT: Transient analysis Information theory Interpolation Steam engines Matrix decomposition BT: Heat engines Maximum likelihood RT: Boilers detection Water Operations research Probability Steel Scheduling BT: Metals Weibull distribution RT: Pressure vessels NT: Adaptive estimation NT: Martensite Autoregressive processes Boltzmann distribution Steel industry Correlation BT: Industries Correlation coefficient Covariance matrices Steering systems Dimensionality reduction BT: Mechanical products Gaussian mixture model Production systems Higher order statistics RT: Automotive components Histograms Wheels Linear discriminant analysis Maximum likelihood Steganography estimation BT: Message authentication Minimax techniques RT: Cryptography Mixture models Nonparametric statistics Steiner points Parametric statistics USE: Steiner trees Prediction theory Ranking (statistics) Steiner trees This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 458 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Steiner points Layered manufacturing Steiner vertices Manufacturing BT: Combinatorial mathematics Prototypes

Steiner vertices Stereophonic systems USE: Steiner trees USE: Audio systems

Stellar dynamics Stereoscopic BT: Astrophysics USE: Stereo image processing NT: Stellar motion Sternum Stellar motion BT: Thorax BT: Stellar dynamics RT: Orbits (stellar) Stethoscope BT: Biomedical equipment STEM UF: Science technology Stimulated emission engineering mathematics UF: Optical amplification science technology BT: Particle beam optics engineering and math RT: Lasers science, technology, Masers engineering, and math BT: Educational programs Stirling engines RT: Curriculum development BT: Heat engines Education courses Engineering - general Stochastic distribution Mathematics USE: Stochastic processes Science - general Technology Stochastic prediction USE: Stochastic processes Stem cell research USE: Stem cells Stochastic processes UF: Stochastic distribution Stem cells Stochastic prediction UF: Stem cell research Stochastic theory BT: Biological cells BT: Mathematics RT: Progenitor cells RT: Computational electromagnetics Stereo image processing Diffusion processes UF: Stereoscopic Particle swarm optimization BT: Stereo vision Probability Random number Stereo vision generation UF: Three-dimensional vision Random variables BT: Imaging Viterbi algorithm RT: Image matching NT: Gaussian processes Machine vision Markov processes Robot vision systems NT: Stereo image processing Stochastic resonance BT: Resonance Stereolithography BT: Lithography Stochastic systems RT: Laser applications BT: Systems engineering and Laser sintering theory Lasers RT: Control systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 459 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Probability RT: Ions Random variables Muon colliders Particle beams Stochastic theory USE: Stochastic processes Stored energy USE: Energy storage Stock exchanges USE: Stock markets Storm systems USE: Tropical cyclones Stock markets UF: Stock exchanges Storms BT: Economics BT: Meteorology RT: Lightning Stokes parameters Monsoons BT: Optical polarization Strain Stomach UF: Deformation BT: Digestive system BT: Mechanical factors RT: Elasticity Stomatognathic system Strain control BT: Anatomy Strain measurement RT: Face NT: Tensile strain Lips Uniaxial strain Mouth Pharynx Strain based sensors Tongue USE: Capacitive sensors NT: Masticatory muscles Salivary glands Strain control UF: Friction stir processing Storage area networks BT: Mechanical variables UF: SAN control BT: Computer networks RT: Strain RT: Data storage systems Local area networks Strain gauges USE: Strain measurement Storage automation UF: Automated storage and Strain measurement retrieval systems UF: Strain gauges BT: Automation BT: Mechanical variables Material storage measurement RT: Warehousing RT: Micrometers Strain Storage batteries USE: Batteries Strain sensors USE: Capacitive sensors Storage battery USE: Batteries Strategic planning BT: Planning Storage management RT: Analytic hierarchy process BT: Capacity planning Business intelligence Management Decision making RT: Memory management Information systems Stakeholders Storage rings BT: Particle accelerators Stratified media This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 460 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Nonhomogeneous media BT: Mechanical variables measurement Stratosphere RT: Stress USE: Terrestrial atmosphere String theory Stray light BT: Physics BT: Light sources RT: Quantum mechanics Optics RT: Ray tracing String vacuum USE: Elementary particle vacuum Streaming media UF: Media streaming Stripboard circuit Video streaming UF: Veroboard BT: Communication system BT: Electronic circuits software RT: Data compression Stripline IEEE 802.11e Standard BT: Planar transmission lines IPTV Transmission lines Internet NT: Stripline components MPEG 4 Standard MPEG standards Stripline components Multimedia communication BT: Stripline Unicast RT: Power combiners Video coding Power dividers Video signal processing NT: Video on demand Strips BT: Structural shapes Streetcars USE: Light rail systems Strontium UF: Sr Stress BT: Metals UF: Mechanical stress NT: Strontium compounds BT: Mechanical factors RT: Magnetomechanical effects Strontium compounds Photoelasticity BT: Strontium Piezoelectricity RT: Alloying Piezooptic effects Piezoresistance Structural beams Stress control UF: Cantilever beams Stress measurement Girders NT: Compressive stress BT: Structural shapes Internal stresses RT: Building materials Residual stresses Tensile stress Structural discs UF: Disks (structures) Stress (psychological) BT: Structural shapes USE: Human factors Structural engineering Stress control UF: Structural parameter BT: Mechanical variables Structural stability control BT: Civil engineering RT: Stress RT: Architecture Bridges Stress measurement Construction Flexible structures This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 461 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Floods Structural rods Intelligent structures Structural shells Mechanical factors Thin wall structures NT: Offshore installations Wires

Structural panels Structural shells UF: Railway bridges BT: Structural shapes Road bridges RT: Thin wall structures Suspension bridges BT: Structural shapes Structural stability RT: Honeycomb structures USE: Structural engineering Sandwich structures Sheet materials Structure from motion Structural plates BT: Image processing Thin wall structures RT: Motion control Signal processing Structural parameter Three-dimensional displays USE: Structural engineering Two dimensional displays

Structural plates Structured Query Language BT: Electronic components UF: SQL Structural shapes BT: Database languages RT: Flanges RT: Programming Structural panels Relational databases Wheels Student awards Structural rings BT: IEEE Awards activities UF: O-rings RT: IEEE Student Members BT: Structural shapes RT: Engine cylinders Student engineers Mechanical products USE: Engineering students Pistons Seals Student experiments BT: Engineering education Structural rods RT: Laboratories BT: Structural shapes Style sheet languages Structural shapes BT: Computer languages BT: Mechanical products NT: Cascading style sheets NT: Bars Bridges Sub-mm wave filters Ducts USE: Submillimeter wave filters Flexible structures Honeycomb structures Sub-sea cables Lightweight structures USE: Underwater cables Rails Sandwich structures Subcontracting Sheet materials BT: Contracts Slabs Strips Subject predicate object Structural beams USE: Triples (Data structure) Structural discs Structural panels Submarine cables Structural plates USE: Underwater cables Structural rings This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 462 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Submarine technology Submillimeter wave propagation USE: Underwater technology BT: Electromagnetic propagation Submarines USE: Underwater vehicles Submillimeter wave systems USE: Submillimeter wave devices Submersibles USE: Underwater vehicles Submillimeter wave technology BT: Microwave theory and Submillimeter wave circuits techniques BT: Circuits RT: Submillimeter wave Submillimeter wave measurements technology NT: Submillimeter wave circuits RT: Analog circuits Submillimeter wave Submillimeter wave devices communication Submillimeter wave filters Submillimeter wave devices NT: Submillimeter wave Submillimeter wave integrated circuits integrated circuits

Submillimeter wave communication Submillimetre wave filters BT: Communication systems USE: Submillimeter wave filters Submillimeter wave technology Subroutines USE: Algorithms Submillimeter wave devices UF: Submillimeter wave Subscriber loops systems BT: Communication systems BT: Submillimeter wave Multiaccess communication technology RT: Submillimeter wave circuits Subscriber sets Submillimeter wave USE: Telephone sets integrated circuits NT: Submillimeter wave filters Subsea cables USE: Underwater cables Submillimeter wave filters UF: Sub-mm wave filters Subspace constraints Submillimetre wave filters BT: Object segmentation BT: Submillimeter wave devices RT: Submillimeter wave circuits Substation automation BT: Substations Submillimeter wave integrated circuits RT: Automation BT: Integrated circuits SCADA systems Submillimeter wave circuits Substation protection Submillimeter wave technology Substation protection RT: Analog integrated circuits BT: Power system protection Submillimeter wave devices Substations RT: Substation automation Submillimeter wave measurements BT: Electromagnetic Substations measurements UF: Power stations RT: Hyperspectral sensors (substations) Submillimeter wave BT: Power systems technology NT: Substation automation Substation protection This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 463 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Food products Substrate hot electron injection RT: Sugar industry UF: Substrate hot-electron Sugar refining injection BT: Hot carrier injection Sugar industry BT: Industries Substrate hot-electron injection RT: Food industry USE: Substrate hot electron Food products injection Sugar NT: Sugar refining Substrate integrated waveguides UF: Post-wall waveguides Sugar refining BT: Waveguide lasers BT: Sugar industry RT: Food industry Substrates Food products BT: Semiconductor materials Food technology RT: Epitaxial growth Purification Microprocessor chips Refining Printed circuits Sugar Silicon germanium Silicon on sapphire Sulfur UF: Sulphur Subthreshold conduction BT: Chemical elements USE: Subthreshold current Sulfur hexafluoride Subthreshold current UF: SF6 UF: Subthreshold conduction BT: Gas insulation Subthreshold drain current Subthreshold leakage Sulphur BT: Threshold voltage USE: Sulfur

Subthreshold drain current Sum product algorithm USE: Subthreshold current UF: Sum-product algorithm BT: Iterative algorithms Subthreshold leakage USE: Subthreshold current Sum-product algorithm USE: Sum product algorithm Subtraction techniques BT: Image analysis Summing circuits RT: Biomedical image BT: Circuits processing RT: Analog computers

Subways Sun USE: Public transportation BT: Solar system

Sucrose Sun sensors USE: Sugar USE: Sensors

Sufficient conditions Super earths BT: Logic USE: Extrasolar planets

Sugar Super hi-vision UF: Glucose USE: UHDTV Sucrose BT: Agricultural products Supercapacitors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 464 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Electrical double layer capacitors Superconducting epitaxial layers Ultracapacitors BT: Epitaxial layers BT: Electrochemical devices RT: Superconducting materials Energy storage Power capacitors Superconducting filaments RT: Capacitance USE: Superconducting materials Capacitance measurement Electrolytes Superconducting filaments and wires BT: Superconductivity Supercomputers BT: Computers Superconducting films RT: Petascale computing UF: Superconducting tapes BT: Superconductivity Superconducting cables RT: High-temperature BT: Superconducting superconductors transmission lines Superconducting devices RT: Superconducting coils Surface impedance Superconducting magnets Surface resistance Thick films Superconducting coils Thin films BT: Coils NT: Superconducting thin films Superconducting devices RT: Superconducting cables Superconducting filters Superconducting magnets BT: Filters RT: Radiofrequency Superconducting device noise interference BT: Noise RT: Superconducting devices Superconducting infrared detectors USE: Superconducting Superconducting devices photodetectors UF: Josephson devices SIS devices Superconducting integrated circuits (superconductor) BT: Integrated circuits SNS devices Superconductivity Superconductor-insulator- superconductor devices Superconducting junction devices Superconductor-normal- USE: Josephson junctions superconductor devices BT: Superconductivity Superconducting logic circuits RT: Cryogenic electronics BT: Logic circuits High-temperature superconductors Superconducting magnet energy storage Superconducting device USE: Superconducting magnetic noise energy storage Superconducting films Thermal factors Superconducting magnetic energy storage NT: Josephson junctions UF: SMES SQUIDs Superconducting magnet Superconducting coils energy storage Superconducting magnets BT: Energy storage Superconducting Superconductivity microwave devices Superconducting Superconducting magnets photodetectors BT: Electromagnets This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 465 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Superconducting devices NT: Superconducting cables RT: Persistent currents Superconducting cables Superconducting ultraviolet detectors Superconducting coils USE: Superconducting photodetectors Superconducting materials UF: Pnictide superconductors Superconducting wires Superconducting filaments USE: Superconducting materials Superconducting wires BT: Materials Superconductivity Superconductivity NT: Bean model RT: Critical current density Critical current density Cryogenic electronics (superconductivity) Superconducting epitaxial Flux pinning layers Superconducting devices Thermal factors Superconducting filaments NT: Granular superconductors and wires High-temperature Superconducting films superconductors Superconducting integrated Multifilamentary circuits superconductors Superconducting magnetic Niobium-tin energy storage Type II superconductors Superconducting materials Superconducting transition Superconducting microwave devices temperature BT: Superconducting devices RT: Microwave devices Superconductor-insulator-superconductor devices Superconducting photodetectors USE: Superconducting devices UF: Superconducting infrared detectors Superconductor-normal-superconductor devices Superconducting ultraviolet USE: Superconducting devices detectors BT: Photodetectors Superconductors (high temperature) Superconducting devices USE: High-temperature RT: Infrared detectors superconductors

Superconducting quantum interference devices Supercontinuum generation USE: SQUIDs BT: Nonlinear optics RT: Laser beams Superconducting tapes Light sources USE: Superconducting films Optical fibers

Superconducting thin films Superlattices BT: Superconducting films BT: Crystalline materials RT: Thin films NT: Magnetic superlattices Metallic superlattices Superconducting transition temperature Optical superlattices BT: Superconductivity Semiconductor RT: High-temperature superlattices superconductors Superluminescent diodes Superconducting transmission lines UF: SLD BT: Transmission lines BT: Light emitting diodes RT: Power transmission lines Light sources This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 466 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Optoelectronic devices Supply chains Semiconductor devices BT: Logistics Semiconductor diodes RT: Materials requirements RT: Lasers planning Procurement Superradiance Supply chain management USE: Spontaneous emission Support vector machine classification Superstring vacuum BT: Support vector machines USE: Elementary particle vacuum Support vector machines Supervised learning UF: SVM BT: Learning systems Support vector regression RT: Semisupervised learning BT: Computation theory NT: Boosting RT: Artificial intelligence Feedforward neural Supervisory control networks BT: Control systems Pattern classification NT: SCADA systems NT: Support vector machine classification Supervisory control and data acquisition systems Support vector regression USE: SCADA systems USE: Support vector machines

Supervisory control and data-acquisition Surface acoustic wave devices systems BT: Acoustic devices USE: SCADA systems RT: Acoustoelectric devices Piezoelectric devices Supervisory programs USE: Operating systems Surface acoustic waves UF: Acoustic surface waves Supply and demand BT: Acoustic waves BT: Economics Surface waves RT: Microeconomics Waves Utility theory Surface charging Supply chain management BT: Electrostatic processes UF: SCM supply chains RT: Spraying BT: Management NT: Triboelectricity RT: Business process integration Surface cleaning Business process BT: Cleaning management Surface treatment Capacity planning RT: Semiconductor device Customer relationship manufacture management Surface contamination Electronic commerce Management information Surface contamination systems BT: Contamination Materials requirements RT: Semiconductor device planning manufacture Production control Surface cleaning Supply chains Surface treatment NT: Procurement Surface cracks This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 467 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Mechanical factors Surface resistance BT: Resistance Surface discharges Surfaces BT: Dielectric breakdown RT: High-temperature RT: Insulator testing superconductors Superconducting films Surface emitting lasers BT: Lasers Surface roughness Semiconductor devices BT: Surfaces Semiconductor lasers RT: Planing Solid lasers Polishing machines RT: Laser cavity resonators Rough surfaces Quantum well lasers Sandblasting Quantum wells Surface morphology NT: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers Surface soil BT: Surfaces Surface engineering BT: Materials science and Surface states technology BT: Energy states RT: Surface treatment Surface structures NT: Surfactants Surface finishing BT: Finishing Surface structures RT: Lapping BT: Surfaces Polishing machines NT: Surface states NT: Burnishing Deburring Surface tension Painting BT: Surfaces Spraying RT: Surfactants

Surface fitting Surface texture BT: Numerical analysis BT: Surfaces RT: Computational geometry Computer graphics Surface topography Curve fitting BT: Geometry Interpolation Surfaces NT: Response surface NT: Nanotopography methodology Surface treatment Surface impedance BT: Surfaces BT: Surfaces RT: Colloidal lithography RT: High-temperature Planing superconductors Surface contamination Superconducting films Surface engineering NT: Etching Surface morphology Finishing BT: Surfaces Galvanizing RT: Surface roughness Painting NT: Adsorption Passivation Pickling Surface reconstruction Planarization BT: Visualization Sandblasting RT: Pattern analysis Surface cleaning Surfactants This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 468 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Oncological surgery Surface waves BT: Geophysics Surges RT: Sea surface BT: Electromagnetic transients NT: Surface acoustic waves RT: Surge protection

Surface-mount technology Surgical instruments BT: Integrated circuit BT: Biomedical equipment manufacture NT: Laparoscopes

Surfaces Surgical robots BT: Materials science and USE: Medical robotics technology NT: Corrosion Surveillance Corrugated surfaces BT: Monitoring Rough surfaces RT: Hazardous areas Surface impedance Reconnaissance Surface morphology Remote sensing Surface resistance Security Surface roughness Terrorism Surface soil NT: Infrared surveillance Surface structures Video surveillance Surface tension Surface texture Suspension bridges Surface topography USE: Structural panels Surface treatment Suspensions Surfactants BT: Mechanical products BT: Materials Production Surface states RT: Automotive components Surface treatment Springs RT: Adsorption NT: Shock absorbers Surface tension Sustainability Surge protection USE: Sustainable development BT: Power system protection RT: Surges Sustainable design NT: Arresters USE: Green design

Surgery Sustainable development UF: Robot-assisted surgery UF: Sustainability BT: Medical treatment BT: Environmental RT: Biomedical equipment management Catheters Social implications of Endoscopes technology NT: Ambulatory surgery RT: Green computing Hepatectomy Laser surgery SVC Microsurgery USE: Static VAr compensators Minimally invasive surgery Neurosurgery SVM Oncological surgery USE: Support vector machines Orthopedic surgery SVPWM Surgery oncology This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 469 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Space vector pulse width modulation Switched-capacitor networks USE: Switched capacitor Swaging networks BT: Materials processing RT: Metal products Switches BT: Control equipment Swarm intelligence Electronic components USE: Particle swarm optimization RT: Current control IEEE 802.3 Standard Swarm optimization Solenoids USE: Particle swarm optimization Spark gaps Switchgear Sweat glands Switching circuits BT: Glands NT: Contactors Skin Microswitches Optical switches Swimming robots USE: Aquatic robots Switchgear BT: Control equipment Switched capacitor circuits RT: Current control UF: Switched-capacitor circuit Fuses BT: Switched circuits Switches NT: Circuit breakers Switched capacitor networks Interrupters UF: Switched-capacitor Relays networks BT: Resistors Switching circuits RT: Analog circuits BT: Circuits Capacitors RT: Circuit breakers Digital circuits Switched circuits Relays BT: Circuits Switches RT: Telecommunications NT: Choppers (circuits) NT: Switched capacitor circuits Logic circuits Switching converters Switched mode power Zero current switching USE: Switched mode power Zero voltage switching supplies Switching converters Switched mode power supplies BT: Switching circuits UF: SMPS RT: Power electronics Switched mode power Zero current switching BT: Power supplies Zero voltage switching

Switched reluctance motors Switching convertors BT: Reluctance motors USE: Converters

Switched systems Switching frequency BT: Time-varying systems BT: Switching systems RT: Control systems Power conversion Switching loss UF: Switching losses Switched-capacitor circuit BT: Switching systems USE: Switched capacitor circuits This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 470 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Switching losses Neuromorphic engineering USE: Switching loss Neurons Neurotransmitters Switching systems Organic electronics BT: Communication systems Photonics RT: Communication switching Signal processing NT: Electronic switching systems Synaptic transmission Switching frequency USE: Neurotransmitters Switching loss Telecommunication Sync switching USE: Synchronization

Symbiosis Synchrocyclotrons UF: Symbiotic relationships BT: Particle accelerators BT: Biological processes Synchronisation Symbiotic relationships USE: Synchronization USE: Symbiosis Synchronization Symbols UF: Clock synchronization BT: Graphics Sync RT: Huffman coding Synchronisation Information retrieval BT: Timing Pattern recognition RT: Chaotic communication NT: CAPTCHAs Concurrency control Frequency locked loops Symmetric matrices Scheduling UF: Symmetric matrix Synchronous digital BT: Numerical analysis hierarchy Time dissemination Symmetric matrix Tracking loops USE: Symmetric matrices Synchronous digital hierarchy Sympathetic nervous system UF: SDH UF: Sympathetic outflow BT: Communication standards BT: Autonomic nervous system Communication systems ETSI Standards Sympathetic outflow RT: Digital communication USE: Sympathetic nervous Optical fiber communication system SONET Synchronization Symposia Transport protocols USE: Conferences Synchronous DRAM Synapses USE: SDRAM BT: Nervous system RT: Artificial intelligence Synchronous dynamic random access memory Artificial neural networks USE: SDRAM Brain Communication channels Synchronous generators Computational intelligence BT: AC generators Electrochemical devices Synchronous machines Integrated optics RT: Alternators Neuroinformatics NT: Reluctance generators This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 471 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Syngas Synchronous machines BT: AC machines Synthesisers NT: Hysteresis motors USE: Synthesizers Reluctance machines Synchronous generators Synthesizers Synchronous motors UF: Synthesisers BT: Electronic music Synchronous motors BT: Synchronous machines Synthetic aperture radar RT: Rotating machines UF: SAR NT: Hysteresis motors BT: Radar Reluctance motors RT: Airborne radar Ground penetrating radar Synchronous optical network Radar imaging USE: SONET Spaceborne radar Synthetic aperture sonar Synchrotron radiation Ultra wideband radar BT: Synchrotrons NT: Inverse synthetic aperture RT: Biomedical applications of radar radiation Polarimetric synthetic Light sources aperture radar X-rays Synthetic aperture radar imaging Synchrotrons USE: Radar polarimetry BT: Particle accelerators RT: Colliding beam accelerators Synthetic aperture radar interferometry Electric fields BT: Radar interferometry High energy physics instrumentation computing Synthetic aperture sonar Magnetic fields UF: SAS Particle beams BT: Sonar NT: Synchrotron radiation RT: Synthetic aperture radar Undulators Synthetic biology Syngas UF: Synthetic life research UF: Synthesis gas BT: Biology Synthetic gas Engineering in medicine BT: Gases and biology RT: Biological system modeling Syntactics Computational biology UF: Syntax BT: Semiotics Synthetic fibers RT: Communication symbols UF: Artificial fibers Grammar Artificial fibres Natural language Nylon fiber processing Synthetic fibres Professional BT: Textile fibers communication Programming Synthetic fibres USE: Synthetic fibers Syntax USE: Syntactics Synthetic gas USE: Syngas Synthesis gas This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 472 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Synthetic life research USE: Synthetic biology System availability USE: Availability SYSML USE: Systems Modeling System buses Language BT: Computer interfaces

System analysis System design USE: System analysis and design USE: System analysis and design

System analysis and design System dynamics UF: Logical decomposition BT: System analysis and design System analysis RT: Behavioral sciences System design Complex networks System metrics Feedback BT: Systems engineering and Flow production systems theory Timing RT: Configuration management Design methodology System identification Flowcharts BT: Modeling Multi-agent systems Skin effect System implementation Stability analysis BT: Systems engineering and System improvement theory System validation System verification System improvement Systems simulation BT: Systems engineering and NT: Asymptotic stability theory Control system analysis RT: Quality management Diakoptics Reliability Distributed processing System analysis and design Distributed vision networks System testing Fault detection Fault tolerant systems System integration Interconnected systems BT: Systems engineering and Large-scale systems theory Lyapunov methods RT: Enterprise resource Open systems planning Petri nets Integrated manufacturing Physical design systems Robust control Project management Scalability Resource management Scattering parameters Sequential analysis System kernels Sequential diagnosis BT: Kernel Software prototyping Operating systems Static analysis System dynamics System level design System performance USE: System-level design System-level design Systems Modeling System life cycle management Language USE: Product life cycle Systems modeling management AND Task analysis Technical management Time factors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 473 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

System metrics USE: System analysis and design System testing BT: System validation System modeling System verification USE: Modeling Testing RT: System improvement System of systems NT: Model checking BT: Systems engineering and theory System validation RT: Complex networks BT: Systems engineering and NT: Cyber-physical systems theory RT: System analysis and design System on chip NT: System testing USE: System-on-chip System verification System performance BT: Systems engineering and UF: Cooperative cache theory BT: System analysis and design RT: System analysis and design NT: Cooperative caching NT: System testing

System planning System-level design USE: Planning UF: System level design BT: System analysis and design System privacy management USE: Data security System-on-a-chip USE: System-on-chip System realization BT: Systems engineering and System-on-chip theory UF: On-chip SOC System recovery System on chip UF: Deadlocks (computers) System-on-a-chip Error recovery (computers) BT: Application specific BT: Computers and information integrated circuits processing RT: Microcontrollers RT: Business continuity Microprocessors Operating systems Mixed analog digital Reliability integrated circuits NT: Checkpointing Power dissipation Core dumps Signal processing Debugging NT: Lab-on-a-chip Network-on-chip System reliability USE: Reliability Systematics UF: Biological systematics System resilience BT: Biology USE: Fault tolerance Systems architecture System software BT: Systems engineering and BT: Software theory RT: Visual BASIC NT: File systems Systems biology Operating systems BT: Biology Program processors Utility programs Systems engineering This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 474 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Systems engineering and Systems Modeling Language theory UF: SYSML BT: Computer languages Systems engineering and theory System analysis and design UF: Systems engineering RT: Modeling RT: Aerospace and electronic Software engineering systems Business process Systems neuroscience integration BT: Neuroscience Business process RT: Neural networks management NT: Adaptive systems Systems operation Capability engineering BT: Systems engineering and Complex systems theory Configuration management Hierarchical systems Systems simulation Integrated design BT: Simulation Interface management Systems engineering and Modeling theory Multidimensional systems RT: System analysis and design Physical design Technical management Reduced order systems Requirements engineering Systems support Requirements management BT: Maintenance engineering Service-oriented systems Systems engineering and engineering theory Solution design Stochastic systems Systems thinking System analysis and design BT: Systems engineering and System implementation theory System improvement RT: Systems, man, and System integration cybernetics System of systems System realization Systems, man, and cybernetics System validation RT: Systems thinking System verification NT: Behavioral sciences Systems architecture Biological control systems Systems engineering Computational linguistics education Cybernetics Systems operation Ergonomics Systems simulation Human factors Systems support Identification of persons Systems thinking Man-machine systems Task analysis Natural languages Technical management Pervasive computing Posthuman Systems engineering education Teleworking BT: Engineering education Transhuman Systems engineering and User interfaces theory Systolic arrays Systems modeling BT: Multiprocessing systems BT: Modeling RT: Pipeline processing System analysis and design Table lookup This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 475 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: LUT Talbot effect Look-up table BT: Optical imaging Lookup table RT: Interferometry BT: Data structures Optical interferometry Image processing Tantalum Tablet computers BT: Chemical elements UF: Tablet PC BT: Computers Tape casting RT: Mobile handsets BT: Casting Portable media players RT: Ceramics

Tablet PC Target detection USE: Tablet computers USE: Object detection

Tachometers Target recognition BT: Meters BT: Object recognition

Tactile feedback Target tracking USE: Tactile sensors BT: Tracking RT: Control systems Tactile sensors Radar tracking UF: Tactile feedback Touch sensors Targeted drug delivery BT: Robot sensing systems BT: Drug delivery RT: Pressure measurement Touch sensitive screens Task analysis BT: Business process Tag clouds management UF: Word cloud System analysis and design BT: Tagging Systems engineering and theory Tagging UF: Hashtag Taste buds BT: Information retrieval BT: Sense organs RT: Indexing Internet of Things Taxes NT: Tag clouds USE: Finance

TAI Taxi USE: International Atomic Time USE: Public transportation

Tail Taxonomy BT: Animal structures BT: Information retrieval

Takagi-Sugeno model Taylor expansion BT: Fuzzy logic USE: Taylor series RT: Fuzzy control Fuzzy systems Taylor series NT: Takagi-Sugeno-Kang UF: Taylor expansion model BT: Mathematics

Takagi-Sugeno-Kang model TCP/IP BT: Takagi-Sugeno model USE: TCPIP

TCP/IP protocol suite USE: TCPIP Technical Field awards BT: IEEE Awards activities TCPIP UF: TCP/IP Technical management TCP/IP protocol suite UF: System life cycle Transmission control management protocol-internet protocol Technical assessment Transmission control Technical data protocol/internet protocol management BT: IP networks Technical risk management RT: Computer networks BT: Management Data communication Systems engineering and Digital communication theory Internet RT: Program management Protocols Systems simulation Transport protocols NT: Maintenance management Technical planning TDM USE: Time division multiplexing Technical manuals USE: Manuals TDSCDMA USE: Time division synchronous Technical meetings code division multiple access USE: Meetings

Teaching Technical planning USE: Education BT: Planning Technical management Teaching machines USE: Computer aided instruction Technical proposals USE: Proposals Team working BT: Organizational aspects Technical reports USE: Writing Teamwork BT: Collaboration Technical requirements BT: Requirements engineering Technetium RT: Proposals BT: Chemical elements Technical risk management Technical assessment USE: Technical management USE: Technical management Technical textiles Technical communication USE: Textile products USE: Professional communication Technical writing USE: Writing Technical data management USE: Database systems AND Technician training Technical management USE: Training

Technical drawing Technique for order of preference by simularity BT: Design methodology to ideal solution RT: Engineering drawings USE: TOPSIS Graphics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 477 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Technological forecasting Risk analysis USE: Technology forecasting Technological innovation Technology forecasting Technological innovation NT: Privacy UF: Innovation Invention Technology transfer BT: Technology BT: Technology RT: Technology social factors RT: Technology management NT: Small business technology Technology transfer BT: Social implications of technology Teeth RT: Engineering - general UF: Tooth Oil drilling BT: Mouth Philosophical considerations TEGFETs Research and development USE: MODFETs STEM Technology forecasting Telecom Technology planning USE: Telecommunications NT: Appropriate technology Neurotechnology Telecom buffers Technological innovation USE: Telecommunication buffers Technology social factors Technology transfer Telecom channels Telepresence USE: Communication channels Telexistence Telecom computing Technology forecasting USE: Telecommunication UF: Futurism computing Technological forecasting BT: Forecasting Telecom congestion control RT: Technology USE: Telecommunication Technology social factors congestion control

Technology management Telecom control BT: Management USE: Telecommunication control RT: Data processing Innovation management Telecom network management Production management USE: Telecommunication Project management network management Research and development management Telecom network reliability Technology transfer USE: Telecommunication network reliability Technology planning BT: Planning Telecom network topology RT: Social factors USE: Telecommunication Technology network topology

Technology social factors Telecom services BT: Social factors USE: Telecommunication Technology services RT: Philosophical considerations Telecom signaling This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 478 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Communication system UF: Telecom network signaling management BT: Telecommunication Telecom switching network topology USE: Telecommunication RT: Management information switching base Telecommunication Telecom system signaling computing USE: Communication system NT: Mobile nodes signaling Network architecture Network neutrality Telecom traffic Network resource USE: Telecommunication traffic management

Telecommunication buffers Telecommunication network reliability UF: Telecom buffers UF: Communication network BT: Data communication reliability RT: Buffer storage Telecom network reliability BT: Reliability Telecommunication channels Telecommunication USE: Communication channels network topology NT: Diversity schemes Telecommunication computing UF: Communications computing Telecommunication network topology Telecom computing UF: Telecom network topology BT: Computer applications BT: Telecommunications Telecommunications RT: Dynamic spectrum access RT: 3G mobile communication Network topology 4G mobile communication NT: Intelligent networks Mobile computing Passive networks Quality of service Telecommunication Software radio congestion control TV Telecommunication Telecommunication control network management Telecommunication Telecommunication network management network reliability Telegraphy Telecommunication traffic Telephony NT: Internetworking Telecommunication power management Soft switching USE: Power system management

Telecommunication congestion control Telecommunication security UF: Telecom congestion control USE: Communication system BT: Telecommunication security network topology NT: Call admission control Telecommunication services UF: Telecom services Telecommunication control BT: Telecommunications UF: Telecom control RT: Radio access networks BT: Communication system NT: Acoustic communication control (telecommunication) RT: Telecommunication computing Telecommunication signalling USE: Communication system Telecommunication network management signaling This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 479 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Communication systems Telecommunication standards RT: Image communication USE: Communication standards Meetings Office automation Telecommunication switching UF: Telecom switching Telecontrol equipment BT: Switching systems BT: Control equipment RT: Communication systems Telecommunication traffic Data communication UF: Network traffic Power industry Telecom traffic Power systems Traffic load Remote handling BT: Telecommunication Telecommunications network topology RT: Communication system Telegraphy traffic BT: Communication systems RT: Telecommunication Telecommunications computing UF: Telecom BT: Communication systems Telematics RT: Convolutional codes BT: Information technology Diversity reception Telecommunications Film bulk acoustic RT: Cyberspace resonators Global Positioning System Telemedicine Helical antennas BT: Biomedical communication Multiaccess communication RT: Telepresence Multicarrier code division multiple access Telemetry Multicast communication BT: Aerospace and electronic Next generation networking systems Optical wavelength Data communication conversion RT: Deep-space Reflectivity communications Switched circuits Measurement Telecontrol equipment NT: Biomedical telemetry NT: Ambient intelligence Feedback communications Teleoperators IP networks BT: Telerobotics Radio access networks Railway communication Telephone equipment Space communications BT: Communication equipment Telecommunication RT: Land mobile radio computing equipment Telecommunication Radio communication network topology equipment Telecommunication Telephony services NT: Cellular phones Telematics Telephone sets Vocoders Telecommuting USE: Teleworking Telephone poles BT: Poles and towers Teleconferencing UF: Videoconferencing Telephone sets This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 480 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Handsets USE: TV Subscriber sets BT: Telephone equipment Teleworking RT: Telephony UF: Mobile office NT: Mobile handsets Telecommuting Virtual office Telephony BT: Systems, man, and BT: Communication systems cybernetics RT: Telecommunication computing Telexistence Telephone equipment BT: Human computer Telephone sets interaction Videophone systems Real-time systems Technology Teleportation UF: Quantum teleportation Tellurium BT: Quantum mechanics BT: Chemical elements RT: Information theory Quantum entanglement TEM cells UF: GHZ transverse Telepresence electromagnetic cells BT: Human computer GTEM cells interaction Transverse electromagnetic Technology cells RT: Telemedicine BT: Test facilities RT: Anechoic chambers Teleprinting Electromagnetic BT: Communication systems compatibility and interference Data communication Electromagnetic Printing interference RT: Digital communication Electronic equipment testing Telerobotics BT: Robots Temperature RT: Delay systems BT: Thermal factors Human factors RT: Temperature control Manipulators Temperature measurement Mobile robots NT: Temperature distribution Remote handling equipment Temperature control NT: Teleoperators BT: Thermal variables control RT: Space heating Telescopes Temperature BT: Instruments Thermal factors RT: Astronomy Ventilation Observatories NT: Cooling Radio astronomy Heating systems

Teletext Temperature dependence BT: Communication systems BT: Thermal factors Information services RT: Data communication Temperature distribution Videotex BT: Temperature RT: Insulators Television This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 481 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Temperature measurement Terbium BT: Thermal variables BT: Chemical elements measurement RT: Bolometers Termination of employment Radiometry UF: Dismissal (employment) Temperature Redundancy (employment) Temperature sensors BT: Employment Thermistors Human resource Thermoresistivity management NT: Cryobiology RT: Pensions Cryogenics Cryotherapy Terminology Global warming UF: Definitions Kelvin Glossaries Thomson effect BT: Information retrieval NT: Dictionaries Temperature sensors BT: Thermal sensors Ternary logic RT: Bragg gratings USE: Multivalued logic Optical fibers Temperature measurement Terrain factors Transducers BT: Interference RT: Earth Temporal lobe Multipath channels BT: Brain Rough surfaces NT: Hippocampus Terrain mapping Tendons UF: Topography (earth) BT: Musculoskeletal system BT: Geoscience and remote sensing Tensile strain RT: Earth BT: Strain Geologic measurements RT: Tensile stress Geophysical measurements Global Positioning System Tensile stress Remote sensing UF: Tensors Vegetation mapping BT: Stress NT: Digital elevation models RT: Tensile strain Terrestrial atmosphere Tensors UF: Earth atmosphere USE: Tensile stress Stratosphere Troposphere Terahertz materials BT: Geoscience and remote BT: Materials sensing NT: Terahertz metamaterials RT: Atmospheric measurements Terahertz metamaterials Geophysics BT: Electromagnetic Meteorology metamaterials NT: Clouds Terahertz materials Global warming Ionosphere Terahertz radiation Magnetosphere BT: Radiation effects RT: Electromagnetic radiation Terrorism UF: 9/11 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 482 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

9/11 attack Error analysis 911 attack Error-free operations September 11 Failure analysis Terrorist Frequency response BT: Security Impulse testing RT: Biohazards Insulator testing Surveillance Integrated circuit testing Weapons Life testing NT: Bioterrorism Materials testing Cyber terrorism Optical fiber testing National security Remaining life assessment Ring generators Terrorist Semiconductor device USE: Terrorism testing Software testing Test data compression System testing BT: Data compression Test equipment Test facilities Test equipment BT: Testing Text analysis RT: Oscilloscopes BT: Data mining NT: Automatic test equipment NT: Text categorization

Test facilities Text categorization BT: Testing UF: Text classification NT: Anechoic chambers BT: Text analysis Laboratories RT: Data analysis Large Hadron Collider Open area test sites Text classification TEM cells USE: Text categorization Wind tunnels Text messaging Test pattern generators USE: Electronic messaging BT: Automatic test pattern generation Text mining BT: Data mining Testing RT: Triples (Data structure) BT: Industrial electronics Instrumentation and Text processing measurement UF: Photocomposition RT: Cause effect analysis Word processing Fault diagnosis BT: Data processing Hardware-in-the loop RT: Desktop publishing simulation Document handling Inspection Office automation Leak detection Publishing Maintenance engineering Text recognition Measurement NT: Typesetting NT: Aerospace testing Automatic testing Text recognition Benchmark testing BT: Pattern recognition Built-in self-test RT: Character recognition Circuit testing Text processing Electronic equipment testing Textile fibers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 483 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Fibers Textiles Textile fibres BT: Materials BT: Textiles RT: Spinning machines RT: Cotton Textile machinery Spinning Textile products Textile products Textile technology Textile technology Weaving Weaving NT: Cotton Wool Fabrics NT: Natural fibers Textile fibers Synthetic fibers Wool Yarn TFETs Textile fibres UF: Tunnel field effect USE: Textile fibers transistors BT: Field effect transistors Textile industry RT: MOSFET BT: Manufacturing industries RT: Clothing industry TFT Cotton USE: Thin film transistors Spinning machines Textile machinery Thalamus Textile products BT: Brain Textile technology Weaving Thallium BT: Chemical elements Textile machinery BT: Machinery Theodolites RT: Needles BT: Instruments Textile industry RT: Geodesy Textile products Geologic measurements Textile technology Geophysical measurement Textiles techniques NT: Spinning machines Theoretical neuroscience Textile products USE: Computational UF: Technical textiles neuroscience BT: Manufactured products RT: Textile fibers Therapy Textile industry USE: Medical treatment Textile machinery Textile technology Thermal analysis Textiles BT: Thermal variables control NT: Thermomechanical Textile technology processes BT: Industries RT: Bleaching Thermal conductivity Textile fibers BT: Thermal factors Textile industry RT: Grain boundaries Textile machinery Thermal resistance Textile products NT: Heat transfer Textiles NT: Spinning Thermal decomposition Weaving BT: Thermolysis

Thermal degradation Thermal lensing BT: Thermolysis BT: Thermooptic effects RT: Laser beams Thermal energy Nonlinear optics BT: Heating systems Optical distortion RT: Energy Solid lasers Kinetic energy Thermal engineering Thermal loading BT: Thermal stresses Thermal engineering BT: Engineering - general Thermal management RT: Cooling BT: Thermal factors Heat recovery RT: Enthalpy Heating systems Reliability Thermal energy Thermal factors Thermal management of electronics Thermal variables control BT: Components, packaging, Thermal variables and manufacturing technology measurement NT: Electronic packaging thermal management Thermal expansion Electronics cooling BT: Thermal factors NT: Thermal force Thermal noise UF: Johnson Nyquist noise Thermal factors BT: Circuit noise UF: High-temperature effects RT: Conductors BT: Physics RT: Annealing Thermal plumes Critical current density USE: Thermal pollution Heat treatment Proton effects Thermal pollution Pyroelectricity UF: Heat islands Superconducting devices Thermal plumes Superconducting materials Urban heat islands Temperature control BT: Pollution Thermal engineering RT: Air pollution Thermal stability Global warming Thermal variables control Industrial pollution Thermal variables Marine pollution measurement Waste heat NT: Temperature Water pollution Temperature dependence Thermal conductivity Thermal quenching Thermal expansion BT: Cooling Thermal management Thermal stresses Thermal resistance Thermoelasticity BT: Resistance Thermoelectricity RT: Thermal conductivity Thermolysis Thermooptic effects Thermal sensors Thermoresistivity BT: Sensors NT: Temperature sensors Thermal force BT: Thermal expansion Thermal spraying BT: Spraying This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 485 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Thermochromism Thermal stability BT: Thermooptic effects BT: Stability RT: Integrated circuit reliability Thermodynamics Thermal factors BT: Science - general NT: Enthalpy Thermal stresses Isobaric BT: Thermal factors Isothermal processes NT: Thermal loading Thermoelasticity Thermal variables control BT: Thermal factors BT: Control systems RT: Thermal engineering Thermoelectric devices Thermal factors BT: Thermoelectricity NT: Temperature control Thermal analysis Thermoelectric effect USE: Thermoelectricity Thermal variables measurement BT: Measurement Thermoelectric materials RT: Calorimetry BT: Materials Thermal engineering Thermoelectricity Thermal factors Transducers Thermoelectricity NT: Temperature measurement UF: Peltier effect Seebeck effect Thermal wave imaging Thermoelectric effect USE: Photothermal effects BT: Electricity Energy conversion Thermionic emission Thermal factors BT: Nuclear and plasma NT: Electrothermal effects sciences Thermoelectric devices RT: Electron emission Thermoelectric materials Ion emission Transmission electron Thermoforming microscopy BT: Manufacturing systems Vacuum arcs Thermoluminescence Thermionic valves BT: Luminescence USE: Electron tubes Thermolysis Thermistors BT: Chemical processes BT: Semiconductor devices Thermal factors RT: Temperature measurement NT: Thermal decomposition Thermoresistivity Thermal degradation

Thermo-mechanics Thermomechanical processes USE: Thermomechanical UF: Thermo-mechanics processes Thermomechanics BT: Thermal analysis Thermo-optic effects USE: Thermooptic effects Thermomechanics USE: Thermomechanical Thermo-optical devices processes USE: Thermooptical devices Thermonuclear fusion This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 486 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Fusion reactors Thick film inductors

Thermooptic effects Thick film devices UF: Thermo-optic effects BT: Electron devices BT: Thermal factors RT: Thick film circuits RT: Birefringence Thick films Optical propagation NT: Thick film inductors Optical reflection Optical refraction Thick film inductors Thermooptical devices BT: Inductors NT: Thermal lensing Thick film devices Thermochromism RT: Microstrip components Thermoreflectance Thick film circuits Thick films Thermooptical devices UF: Thermo-optical devices Thick film sensors BT: Optical devices BT: Sensors RT: Integrated optics Optical switches Thick films Solid lasers BT: Films Thermooptic effects RT: Dielectric films Semiconductor films Thermoplastic polyethylene Superconducting films BT: Polyethylene Thick film devices NT: UHMWPE Thick film inductors

Thermoreflectance Thickness control BT: Thermooptic effects BT: Mechanical variables control Thermoreflectance imaging RT: Size control BT: Optical imaging RT: Spectroscopy Thickness measurement BT: Mechanical variables Thermoresistivity measurement BT: Thermal factors RT: Micrometers RT: Temperature measurement Size measurement Thermistors Thigh Thermostats BT: Extremities BT: Control equipment Thin film circuits Thesauri BT: Circuits UF: Thesaurus Integrated circuits BT: Knowledge representation RT: Hybrid integrated circuits Writing Silicon-on-insulator RT: Ontologies Thin film devices Thin film inductors Thesaurus USE: Thesauri Thin film deposition USE: Sputtering Thick film circuits BT: Circuits Thin film devices Integrated circuits BT: Electron devices RT: Hybrid integrated circuits RT: Amorphous semiconductors Thick film devices Doping profiles This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 487 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Giant magnetoresistance Thin-film transistors Thin film circuits USE: Thin film transistors Thin films NT: Film bulk acoustic Third generation mobile communication resonators USE: 3G mobile communication Thin film inductors Thin film transistors Thomson effect BT: Temperature measurement Thin film inductors BT: Inductors Thorax Thin film devices BT: Body regions RT: Thin film circuits Skeleton Thin films NT: Ribs Sternum Thin film sensors BT: Sensors Thorium BT: Chemical elements Thin film transistors UF: TFT Three dimensional displays Thin-film transistors USE: Three-dimensional displays BT: Active matrix technology Field effect transistors Three-dimensional displays Thin film devices UF: 3-D displays RT: Displays 3-D modeling Liquid crystal devices 3-D modelling NT: Organic thin film transistors 3-D reconstruction 3D displays Thin films 3D modeling BT: Films 3D modelling RT: Diamond-like carbon 3D reconstruction Dielectric films Three dimensional displays Epitaxial layers BT: Displays Magnetic films RT: Shadow mapping Molecular beam epitaxial Sprites (computer) growth Structure from motion Molecular beams NT: Bundle adjustment Self-assembly Semiconductor films Three-dimensional integrated circuits Superconducting films BT: Integrated circuits Superconducting thin films Thin film devices Three-dimensional printing Thin film inductors UF: 3D printing NT: Buffer layers Additive manufacturing Epitaxial growth BT: Manufacturing systems Semiconductor thin films Printing RT: Ink jet printing Thin wall structures Rapid prototyping BT: Structural shapes RT: Honeycomb structures Three-dimensional television Lightweight structures BT: TV Sandwich structures Sheet materials Three-dimensional vision Structural panels USE: Stereo vision Structural shells Three-phase electric power This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 488 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Power electronics Semiconductor controlled RT: Conductors rectifiers Voltage control Silicon controlled rectifiers Triacs Three-term control BT: Power semiconductor BT: Process control switches RT: Thyristor circuits Threshold current NT: Photothyristors BT: Current RT: Electron devices Ti Lasers USE: Titanium

Threshold voltage Tides BT: Voltage BT: Oceans RT: Integrated circuit noise MOSFET circuits Tiles Transistors BT: Building materials NT: Subthreshold current RT: Ceramic products Ceramics Thresholding (Imaging) Floors BT: Image segmentaton RT: Image edge detection Timbre BT: Music Thrombosis BT: Medical conditions Time complexity BT: Computational complexity Through-silicon vias RT: Computational modeling UF: TSV BT: Integrated circuits Time delay USE: Delay effects Throughput UF: Network throughput Time difference of arrival BT: Communication channels UF: Time-difference-of-arrival BT: Object detection Throughput (communication systems) USE: Information rates Time dissemination BT: Time measurement Thulium RT: Satellite navigation systems BT: Chemical elements Synchronization

Thumb Time division multiaccess BT: Fingers USE: Time division multiple access Thyratrons BT: Electron tubes Time division multiple access RT: Gas discharge devices UF: Time division multiaccess BT: Multiaccess communication Thyristor circuits BT: Circuits Time division multiplexed RT: Thyristors USE: Time division multiplexing

Thyristors Time division multiplexing UF: Diacs UF: TDM SCR Time division multiplexed BT: Multiplexing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 489 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Random processes Time division synchronous code division Spectral analysis multiple access Statistical analysis UF: TDSCDMA BT: Multiaccess communication Time sharing computer systems RT: 3G mobile communication UF: Time-sharing computer 4G mobile communication systems Land mobile radio cellular Time-sharing systems systems BT: Computers and information Multicarrier code division processing multiple access Spread spectrum Time to market communication BT: Design methodology Product development Time domain analysis RT: Concurrent engineering USE: Time-domain analysis Time varying circuits Time factors BT: Circuits BT: System analysis and design RT: Bang-bang control Time varying systems NT: Continuous time systems USE: Time-varying systems Discrete-time systems Time invariant systems Time warp simulation Time-varying systems BT: Discrete event simulation

Time frequency analysis Time-difference-of-arrival USE: Time-frequency analysis USE: Time difference of arrival

Time invariant systems Time-domain analysis BT: Time factors UF: FDTD RT: Differential equations Time domain analysis BT: Electromagnetic analysis Time measurement RT: Phase noise BT: Measurement State-space methods RT: Time-frequency analysis Waves Watches NT: Clocks Time-frequency analysis Time dissemination UF: Time frequency analysis Timing BT: Frequency-domain analysis RT: Biomedical signal Time of arrival estimation processing UF: TOA estimation Fourier transforms Time-of-arrival estimation Frequency measurement BT: Parameter estimation Image processing RT: Array signal processing Power systems Direction-of-arrival Time measurement estimation Video signal processing Signal detection Time-of-arrival estimation Time series analysis USE: Time of arrival estimation BT: Statistics RT: Autocorrelation Time-sharing computer systems Autoregressive processes USE: Time sharing computer Chaotic communication systems Modeling This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 490 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Time-sharing systems NT: Tire pressure USE: Time sharing computer systems Tissue damage BT: Lesions Time-varying channels BT: Communication channels Tissue engineering RT: Mobile communication UF: Tissue scaffolds Wireless LAN BT: Biomedical engineering RT: Biological materials Time-varying systems Colloidal lithography UF: Time varying systems Diamond-like carbon BT: Time factors Genetic engineering RT: Control systems NT: Regeneration engineering NT: Switched systems Tissue scaffolds Timing USE: Tissue engineering BT: Time measurement RT: Clocks Tissues Logic design USE: Biological tissues System dynamics Timing jitter Titanates NT: Bit rate USE: Titanium compounds Delays Synchronization Titanium UF: Ti Timing jitter BT: Chemical elements BT: Jitter Metals RT: Timing NT: Titanium alloys Titanium compounds Tin Titanium nitride UF: Sn BT: Metals Titanium alloys NT: Tin alloys BT: Titanium Tin compounds RT: Alloying

Tin alloys Titanium compounds BT: Tin UF: Titanates RT: Alloying BT: Titanium NT: Niobium-tin Titanium nitride Tin compounds BT: Titanium BT: Tin TMR Tire pressure USE: Tunneling BT: Pressure measurement magnetoresistance Tires TOA estimation Tires USE: Time of arrival estimation UF: Tyres BT: Mechanical products Toddler Rubber products USE: Pediatrics RT: Automobile manufacture Automotive components Tokamak devices Vehicles BT: Tokamaks Wheels RT: Magnetic confinement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 491 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Toroidal magnetic fields RT: Stomatognathic system

Tokamaks Tools BT: Fusion reactors BT: Manufactured products Plasma applications NT: Hand tools Plasma devices RT: Magnetic confinement Tooth Plasma simulation USE: Teeth NT: Tokamak devices Topography (earth) Token networks USE: Terrain mapping BT: Communication systems Computer networks Topological insulators Digital systems BT: Insulators RT: Local area networks Metropolitan area networks Topology Wide area networks BT: Mathematics RT: Graph theory Tolerance analysis Morphological operations UF: Circuit tolerance analysis Tolerating problems TOPSIS BT: Manufacturing UF: Technique for order of RT: Circuit analysis preference by simularity to ideal solution Circuit optimization BT: Decision theory Semiconductor device RT: Decision making breakdown Fuzzy set theory Sensitivity Operations research Optimization Tolerating problems USE: Tolerance analysis Tornado USE: Tornadoes Tomographic USE: Tomography Tornadoes UF: Tornado Tomography Tornados UF: Tomographic BT: Geoscience BT: Imaging RT: Biomedical imaging Tornados Geophysical measurement USE: Tornadoes techniques Image reconstruction Toroidal magnetic fields NT: Computed tomography BT: Magnetic fields Electrical capacitance RT: Tokamak devices tomography Optical coherence Torpedoes tomography USE: Missiles Positron emission tomography Torque Reconstruction algorithms BT: Mechanical factors RT: Torque control Tomosynthesis Torque converters USE: Biomedical imaging Torque measurement

Tongue Torque control BT: Digestive system This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 492 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Mechanical variables control Touch screens RT: Motor drives USE: Touch sensitive screens Torque Touch sensitive screens Torque converters UF: Touch screens UF: Torque convertors BT: Computer displays BT: Mechanical power RT: Haptic interfaces transmission Tactile sensors RT: Automotive components Drives Touch sensors Engines USE: Tactile sensors Gears Shafts Towers Torque USE: Poles and towers

Torque convertors Town gas USE: Torque converters USE: Coal gas

Torque measurement Toxic chemicals UF: Torque ripple BT: Chemical hazards BT: Mechanical variables Toxicology measurement RT: Pressure gauges Toxicology Torque UF: Poisons NT: Dynamometers BT: Hazards RT: Chemical hazards Torque ripple Hazardous materials USE: Torque measurement Occupational health Pollution Torso NT: Toxic chemicals BT: Body regions Toy industry Total harmonic distortion BT: Industries BT: Distortion measurement Harmonic distortion Toy manufacturing industry RT: Signal analysis UF: Toys BT: Manufacturing industries Total ionizing dose RT: Electronics industry BT: Radiation effects RT: Aerospace electronics Toys Radiation hardening USE: Toy manufacturing industry (electronics) TQM Total quality management USE: Total quality management UF: TQM BT: Quality management Tracking RT: Business process re- BT: Motion measurement engineering RT: Iterative learning control Design for quality Maximum likelihood Quality assurance estimation Quality awards Particle tracking Quality control Position measurement NT: Continuous improvement Tracking loops Six sigma Velocity measurement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 493 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Object tracking RT: Traffic control Target tracking Trajectory tracking Traffic control Underwater tracking UF: Traffic pattern Video tracking Traffic simulation BT: Control systems Tracking loops RT: Communication systems UF: Delay lock loops Computer network BT: Linear feedback control management systems Traffic congestion Signal processing NT: Queueing analysis RT: Modulation Vehicle routing Synchronization Tracking Traffic load USE: Telecommunication traffic Traction motors BT: Motors Traffic pattern RT: Battery powered vehicles USE: Traffic control Fuel cell vehicles Hybrid electric vehicles Traffic simulation Propulsion USE: Traffic control Solar powered vehicles Training Traction power supplies UF: Technician training BT: Power supplies BT: Education RT: Accreditation Tractors Continuing education USE: Agricultural machinery Continuing professional development Trade Electronic learning USE: Business Learning management systems Trade (international) Manuals USE: International trade Mentoring Personnel Trade agreements NT: Certification UF: Free trade Industrial training GATT Management training General agreement on On the job training tariffs and trade Qualifications BT: Economics Vocational training RT: Globalization International collaboration Training data International trade BT: Data analysis

Trade unions Trajectory USE: Industrial relations BT: Path planning RT: Motion control Trademarks Object tracking BT: Law NT: Trajectory optimization Legal factors RT: Copyright protection Trajectory optimization BT: Optimization Traffic congestion Trajectory BT: Road transportation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 494 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Trajectory tracking BT: Path planning Transducers Tracking BT: Electronic components RT: Motion control RT: Electric variables Robot control measurement Measurement Trans human Mechanical variables USE: Transhuman measurement Solenoids Trans-human Temperature sensors USE: Transhuman Thermal variables measurement Transaction databases NT: Acoustic transducers BT: Databases Biomedical transducers NT: Itemsets Capacitive transducers Chemical transducers Transactive energy Inductive transducers BT: Energy management Piezoelectric transducers RT: Power distribution Resistive transducers Power markets Ultrasonic transducer Power system economics arrays Smart grids Transfer function Transceivers USE: Transfer functions BT: Communication equipment RT: Land mobile radio Transfer functions equipment UF: Transfer function Mobile communication BT: Differential equations Mobile handsets RT: Control systems Software radio Damping NT: Radio transceivers Linear systems NT: Poles and zeros Transcoding BT: Encoding Transfer molding RT: Data compression UF: Resin transfer molding Image coding Resin transfer moulding Multimedia communication Transfer moulding Video coding BT: Production

Transconductance Transfer moulding UF: Mutual conductance USE: Transfer molding BT: Conductivity RT: Transconductors Transferred electron devices USE: Gunn devices Transconductors BT: CMOS integrated circuits Transform coding RT: Transconductance UF: JPEG JPEG2000 Transcranial direct current stimulation MPEG BT: Neuroscience BT: Data compression Neurostimulation RT: Digital photography MPEG standards Transcranial magnetic stimulation Principal component BT: Neuroscience analysis Neurostimulation Vector quantization This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 495 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Transients Transformer cores BT: Power system transients BT: Magnetic cores RT: Electromagnetic transients Magnetic devices Signal analysis RT: Power transformers Steady-state Transformers Transient gratings Transformer oil USE: Gratings USE: Oil insulation Transient response Transformer windings UF: Natural response USE: Windings BT: Propagation RT: Damping Transformers BT: Power systems Transients RT: Coils USE: Transient analysis Core loss Inductive power Transinformation transmission USE: Mutual information Transformer cores Voltage multipliers Transistors Windings BT: Semiconductor devices NT: Baluns Solid state circuits Current transformers RT: Aluminum gallium nitride Flyback transformers Bipolar transistors Instrument transformers CMOS technology Phase transformers Silicon germanium Power transformers Threshold voltage Pulse transformers NT: Field effect transistors Heterojunction bipolar Transforms transistors BT: Mathematics Millimeter wave transistors RT: Numerical analysis Phototransistors Signal processing Static induction transistors Spectral analysis NT: Discrete transforms Transmissible disease Empirical mode USE: Infectious diseases decomposition Fourier transforms Transmission control protocol-internet protocol Karhunen-Loeve transforms USE: TCPIP Poincare invariance Wavelet transforms Transmission control protocol/internet protocol USE: TCPIP Transhuman UF: Trans human Transmission electron microscopy Trans-human BT: Electron microscopy Transhumanism RT: Electron beams BT: Systems, man, and Thermionic emission cybernetics RT: Posthuman Transmission line antennas BT: Antennas Transhumanism RT: Transmission lines USE: Transhuman Transmission line circuits Transient analysis This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 496 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Distributed parameter circuits Transmission of electric power USE: Power transmission Transmission line discontinuities BT: Transmission lines Transmission-line RT: Freight handling USE: Transmission lines NT: Waveguide discontinuities Transmit antennas Transmission line matrix methods USE: Transmitting antennas BT: Mathematics Numerical analysis Transmitters BT: Communication equipment Transmission line measurements RT: Linearization techniques BT: Electric variables Modulation measurement SISO communication RT: Impedance measurement NT: Auxiliary transmitters Transmission lines Diversity methods Neurotransmitters Transmission line theory Optical transmitters BT: Transmission lines Radio transmitters RT: Capacitance Transmitting antennas Conductivity Crosstalk Transmitting antennas Frequency UF: Transmit antennas Inductance BT: Antennas Transmitters Transmission lines RT: Receiving antennas UF: Transmission-line BT: Power transmission Transponders RT: Baluns BT: Communication equipment Circuit noise Radio communication Civil engineering equipment Coaxial cables RT: Radio navigation Distributed parameter Satellite communication circuits Helical antennas Transport protocols Splicing BT: Protocols Transmission line antennas RT: IP networks Transmission line Overlay networks measurements Radio link NT: Cables SONET Electromagnetic Synchronous digital waveguides hierarchy Multiconductor transmission TCPIP lines Planar transmission lines Transportation Poles and towers BT: Intelligent transportation Power line communications systems Power transmission lines RT: Bridges Stripline Freight containers Superconducting NT: Air transportation transmission lines Land transportation Transmission line Public transportation discontinuities Smart transportation Transmission line theory Vehicles This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 497 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Electricity Transportation industry Electrostatic processes BT: Industries Surface charging RT: Nanogenerators Transversal filters BT: Filters Tribology RT: Digital filters BT: Motion measurement Filtering theory Signal processing Trigen USE: Trigeneration Transverse electromagnetic cells USE: TEM cells Trigeneration UF: CHCP Traveling salesman Combined heat, cooling USE: Traveling salesman and power problems Combined heat, cooling, and power Traveling salesman problems Trigen UF: Traveling salesman BT: Cooling Travelling salesman Heating systems problem Power generation BT: NP-hard problem RT: Cogeneration

Travelling salesman problem Trigger circuits USE: Traveling salesman BT: Circuits problems Trions Tree data structures BT: Electrons BT: Data structures NT: Binary trees Triples (Data structure) UF: SPO Tree graphs Semantic triple BT: Graph theory Subject predicate object RT: Circuit topology Triplestore BT: Data storage systems Tree searching RT: Database systems USE: Decision trees Information retrieval Metasearch Trees (botanical) Relational databases USE: Vegetation Text mining

Trees - insulation Triplestore UF: Water trees USE: Triples (Data structure) BT: Insulators RT: Humidity Tritium batteries Insulation life USE: Atomic batteries Moisture Trojan horses Trellis codes UF: Trojans USE: Convolutional codes BT: Malware RT: Cyber espionage Triacs USE: Thyristors Trojans USE: Trojan horses Triboelectricity This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 498 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Trolley cars Colonic polyps USE: Public transportation Lesions Malignant tumors Tropical cyclones UF: Cyclonic storms Tumours Storm systems USE: Tumors Tropical depressions Tropical storms Tunable circuits and devices BT: Cyclones BT: Circuits and systems Frequency control Tropical depressions RT: Inductors USE: Tropical cyclones Tuners Tuning Tropical storms NT: RLC circuits USE: Tropical cyclones Tuned circuits

Troposphere Tuned circuits USE: Terrestrial atmosphere BT: Tunable circuits and devices Truncation errors USE: Finite wordlength effects Tuners BT: Instruments Tsunami Tuning BT: Geoscience RT: Frequency control Frequency synthesizers TSV Resonators USE: Through-silicon vias Tunable circuits and devices Tubes USE: Electron tubes Tungsten UF: Wolfram Tumor BT: Metals USE: Tumors Tuning Tumor cells BT: Frequency control USE: Tumors RT: Tunable circuits and devices Tumor detection NT: Laser tuning USE: Tumors Optical tuning Tuners Tumors UF: Tumor Tuning forks Tumor cells USE: Vibrations Tumor detection Tumours Tunnel effect BT: Medical conditions USE: Tunneling RT: Cancer Medical diagnostic imaging Tunnel field effect transistors Oncology USE: TFETs Positron emission tomography Tunneling Single photon emission UF: Tunnel effect computed tomography BT: Electron devices NT: Benign tumors Quantum mechanics Breast tumors RT: Quantum well devices This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 499 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Semiconductor materials Pumps NT: Gate leakage NT: Turbines Josephson effect Turbogenerators Magnetic tunneling Resonant tunneling devices Turbulent media Tunneling USE: Random media magnetoresistance Turing machines Tunneling magnetoresistance BT: Automata UF: TMR Tunnelling Turning magnetoresistance BT: Machining BT: Magnetoresistance RT: Boring Tunneling Machine tools RT: Magnetoresistive devices Tutorials Tunnelling magnetoresistance BT: Educational programs USE: Tunneling IEEE indexing magnetoresistance TV Turbines UF: Mobile television BT: Turbomachinery TV broadcasting RT: Aircraft propulsion Television Boilers BT: Communications Compressors technology Turbogenerators RT: Electronic learning Wind energy Entertainment industry NT: Hydraulic turbines HbbTV Standards Wind turbines Image communication Plasma displays Turbo codes TV equipment BT: Channel coding Telecommunication RT: Error correction computing Viterbi algorithm UHDTV Visual communication Turbo generators NT: Cable TV USE: Turbogenerators Digital TV Mobile TV Turbogenerators Smart TV UF: Turbo generators Three-dimensional BT: Turbomachinery television RT: Turbines Web TV Wind power generation TV broadcasting Turbomachine blades USE: TV USE: Turbomachinery TV equipment Turbomachinery BT: Communication equipment UF: Turbomachine blades RT: TV BT: Power generation Video equipment RT: Blades NT: Large screen displays Compressors TV receivers Engines Machine components TV interference Mechanical systems BT: Interference This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 500 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Echo interference Uber Gaussian noise USE: Public transportation

TV receivers Ubicomp BT: TV equipment USE: Pervasive computing

Twitter Ubiquitous computing UF: Hashtag UF: Ubiquitous wireless* BT: Social network services BT: Pervasive computing RT: Ambient intelligence Two dimensional displays NT: Context-aware services UF: 2-D displays 2D displays Ubiquitous wireless* Two-dimensional displays USE: Ubiquitous computing BT: Displays RT: Sprites (computer) UHD Structure from motion USE: UHDTV

Two dimensional hole gas UHDTV UF: 2-d hole gas UF: 4K UHD 2d hole gas 8K UHD BT: Quantum well devices Super hi-vision RT: Quantum well lasers UHD Quantum wells Ultra HD Ultra HD TV Two dimensional photonic crystals Ultra-high definition TV USE: Photonic crystals Ultra-high definition television Two-dimensional displays BT: HDTV USE: Two dimensional displays RT: ITU Standards TV Two-dimensional electron gas FETs USE: MODFETs UHF antennas BT: Antennas Two-dimensional photonic crystals UHF technology USE: Photonic crystals RT: UHF devices

Two-term control UHF circuits BT: Process control UF: Ultra-high-frequency circuits Type II superconductors BT: Circuits BT: Superconducting materials UHF technology RT: Flux pinning RT: Analog circuits Niobium NT: UHF integrated circuits

Type interference UHF communication USE: Reasoning about programs UF: Ultra-high-frequency communication Typesetting BT: Communication systems BT: Text processing UHF technology RT: Printing RT: Mobile handsets

Tyres UHF devices USE: Tires UF: Ultra-high-frequency devices This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 501 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: UHF technology USE: UHDTV RT: UHF antennas UHF integrated circuits Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene USE: UHMWPE UHF integrated circuits UF: Ultra-high-frequency Ultra large scale integration integrated circuits UF: ULSI BT: Circuits BT: Circuits Integrated circuits Integrated circuits UHF circuits Large scale integration UHF technology RT: Analog integrated circuits Ultra low power* UHF devices USE: Low-power electronics

UHF measurements Ultra violet UF: Ultra-high-frequency USE: Ultraviolet sources measurements BT: Measurement Ultra wide-band RT: UHF technology USE: Ultra wideband technology

UHF propagation Ultra wideband UF: UHF radio propagation USE: Ultra wideband technology Ultra-high-frequency propagation Ultra wideband antennas BT: Electromagnetic UF: UWB antennas propagation Ultrawideband antennas RT: Broadband antennas BT: Broadband antennas Ultra wideband technology UHF radio propagation RT: Ultra wideband radar USE: UHF propagation Ultra wideband communication UHF technology UF: UWB communication UF: Ultra-high-frequency Ultrawideband technology communication BT: Communications BT: Ultra wideband technology technology RT: Broadband communication RT: UHF measurements Military communication NT: UHF antennas Multipath channels UHF circuits Spread spectrum UHF communication communication UHF devices UHF integrated circuits Ultra wideband radar UF: UWB radar UHMWPE Ultrawideband radar UF: Ultra high molecular weight BT: Radar polyethylene Ultra wideband technology BT: Thermoplastic polyethylene RT: Ground penetrating radar Radar detection ULSI Radar imaging USE: Ultra large scale integration Synthetic aperture radar Ultra wideband antennas Ultra HD USE: UHDTV Ultra wideband technology UF: UWB technology Ultra HD TV Ultra wide-band This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 502 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Ultra wideband USE: Supercapacitors Ultra-wide-band Ultra-wideband Ultrafast electronics Ultrawideband BT: High-speed electronics Ultrawideband technology BT: Communications Ultrafast optics technology BT: Optics NT: Ultra wideband antennas Ultra wideband Ultrasonic applications communication USE: Acoustic applications Ultra wideband radar Ultrasonic devices Ultra-high definition television USE: Acoustic devices USE: UHDTV Ultrasonic imaging Ultra-high definition TV UF: Ultrasonic techniques USE: UHDTV Ultrasound BT: Ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, Ultra-high definition video and frequency control BT: High definition video RT: Amniocentesis Biomedical imaging Ultra-high-frequency circuits NT: Ultrasonography USE: UHF circuits Ultrasonic techniques Ultra-high-frequency communication USE: Ultrasonic imaging USE: UHF communication Ultrasonic transducer arrays Ultra-high-frequency devices BT: Transducers USE: UHF devices Ultrasonic transducers Ultra-high-frequency integrated circuits BT: Ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, USE: UHF integrated circuits and frequency control RT: Nondestructive testing Ultra-high-frequency measurements Piezoelectricity USE: UHF measurements Sonar

Ultra-high-frequency propagation Ultrasonic variables measurement USE: UHF propagation BT: Measurement

Ultra-high-frequency technology Ultrasonics USE: UHF technology USE: Acoustics

Ultra-low power* Ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency USE: Low-power electronics control NT: Ferroelectric materials Ultra-violet Frequency control USE: Ultraviolet sources Piezoelectricity Pyroelectricity Ultra-wide-band Ultrasonic imaging USE: Ultra wideband technology Ultrasonic transducers

Ultra-wideband Ultrasonography USE: Ultra wideband technology BT: Biomedical image processing Ultracapacitors Ultrasonic imaging This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 503 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Sonogram NT: Forecast uncertainty

Ultrasound Underarm USE: Ultrasonic imaging USE: Axilla

Ultraviolet sources Underground communication cables UF: UV sources USE: Communication cables Ultra violet Ultra-violet Underground object detection BT: Light sources USE: Buried object detection RT: Lamps Lasers Underground objects USE: Buried object detection Ultrawideband USE: Ultra wideband technology Underground power cables BT: Power cables Ultrawideband antennas USE: Ultra wideband antennas Underwater acoustics BT: Acoustics Ultrawideband communication USE: Ultra wideband Underwater autonomous vehicles communication UF: Autonomous underwater vehicles Ultrawideband radar BT: Unmanned autonomous USE: Ultra wideband radar vehicles

Ultrawideband technology Underwater cables USE: Ultra wideband technology UF: Marine cables Sub-sea cables Umbilical cable Submarine cables UF: Power supplies to Subsea cables apparatus BT: Cables BT: Power supplies Marine technology

UML Underwater communication USE: Unified modeling language BT: Communication systems Marine technology UMTS Underwater technology USE: 3G mobile communication Underwater drones Uncertain systems USE: Unmanned underwater UF: Parameter uncertainty vehicles BT: Mathematics RT: Control systems Underwater equipment Linear matrix inequalities UF: Diving equipment Robustness Flotation devices Uncertainty BT: Marine technology Underwater technology Uncertainty RT: Underwater vehicles BT: Probability NT: Rebreathing equipment RT: Cognitive science Fuzzy sets Underwater exploration robots Nonlinear dynamical USE: Unmanned underwater systems vehicles Uncertain systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 504 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Underwater robots BT: Specification languages USE: Unmanned underwater RT: Client-server systems vehicles Common Information Model (electricity) Underwater sensor networks USE: Wireless sensor networks Uniform Resource Identifier USE: Uniform resource locators Underwater structures BT: Marine technology Uniform resource locators Underwater technology UF: URL Uniform Resource Identifier Underwater technology BT: Web sites UF: Submarine technology BT: Marine technology Uninterruptible power systems RT: Underwater vehicles BT: Power systems NT: Underwater communication RT: Batteries Underwater equipment Emergency power supplies Underwater structures Power supplies Protection Underwater tracking BT: Tracking Units (measurement) USE: Measurement units Underwater vehicles UF: Aquatic vehicles Universal mobile telecommunication service Submarines USE: 3G mobile communication Submersibles BT: Marine vehicles Universal motors RT: Marine technology BT: Motors Underwater equipment Underwater technology Universal Serial Bus UF: USB Undulators BT: Communication standards UF: Wiggler magnets Information technology BT: Magnetic devices Synchrotrons Universities RT: Free electron lasers USE: Educational institutions X-rays Unmanned aerial vehicles Unemployment UF: Aerial robots BT: Human resource Unmanned air vehicles management Unmanned airborne vehicles Uniaxial strain BT: Unmanned vehicles BT: Strain RT: Mobile robots NT: Drones Unicast BT: Computer networks Unmanned air vehicles RT: Streaming media USE: Unmanned aerial vehicles

Unified messaging Unmanned airborne vehicles BT: Electronic mail USE: Unmanned aerial vehicles Electronic messaging Unmanned autonomous cars Unified modeling language USE: Unmanned autonomous UF: UML vehicles This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 505 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Unmanned autonomous vehicle Upper bound USE: Autonomous vehicles BT: Boundary conditions

Unmanned autonomous vehicles Uranium UF: Unmanned autonomous BT: Chemical elements cars BT: Autonomous vehicles Urban areas NT: Autonomous aerial vehicles UF: Cities and towns Underwater autonomous City vehicles Metropolitan areas Urban environments Unmanned underwater vehicles BT: Geography UF: Underwater drones RT: Public infrastructure Underwater exploration Public transportation robots NT: Smart cities Underwater robots Urban planning BT: Unmanned vehicles Urban environments Unmanned vehicles USE: Urban areas UF: Remotely guided vehicles Remotely operated Urban heat islands automobiles USE: Thermal pollution Remotely operated cars Remotely operated vehicles Urban modeling BT: Intelligent vehicles USE: Urban planning NT: Unmanned aerial vehicles Unmanned underwater Urban planning vehicles UF: City planning Urban modeling Unsolicited e-mail BT: Urban areas USE: Unsolicited electronic mail RT: Public infrastructure NT: Urban policy Unsolicited electronic mail UF: Junk e-mail Urban policy Junk email BT: Urban planning Spam Spamming Urban pollution Unsolicited e-mail BT: Pollution Unsolicited email BT: Electronic mail Urinary calculesis RT: Computer crime USE: Kidney stones Invasive software Office automation URL USE: Uniform resource locators Unsolicited email USE: Unsolicited electronic mail Urogenital system BT: Anatomy Unsupervised learning NT: Bladder BT: Learning systems Kidney RT: Formal concept analysis Semisupervised learning US activities USE: IEEE United States Uplink activities BT: Satellite communication This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 506 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

US Department of Agriculture BT: US Government User friendliness USE: Human computer US Department of Commerce interaction BT: US Government NT: NIST User generated content USE: User-generated content US Department of Defense UF: DoD User interfaces BT: US Government UF: Man-machine interfaces User computer interfaces US Department of Energy User-computer interfaces UF: DoE BT: Systems, man, and BT: US Government cybernetics RT: Adaptive learning US Department of Transportation Ambient intelligence UF: DOT Browsers BT: US Government Computer interfaces Computer peripherals US Government Displays BT: Government Gaze tracking NT: US Department of Web design Agriculture NT: Audio user interfaces US Department of Brain-computer interfaces Commerce Data visualization US Department of Defense Emotion recognition US Department of Energy Exoskeletons US Department of Graphical user interfaces Transportation Human computer US Government agencies interaction US local government Human-robot interaction Human-vehicle systems US Government agencies Smart cards BT: US Government RT: Patents User-centered design NT: FAA USE: User centered design FCC NASA User-centred design USE: User centered design US local government BT: US Government User-computer interfaces USE: User interfaces Usability BT: Software design User-created content USE: User-generated content USB USE: Universal Serial Bus User-generated content UF: Consumer-generated User centered design media UF: User-centered design User generated content User-centred design User-created content BT: Design methodology BT: Data acquisition

User computer interfaces Utility programs USE: User interfaces BT: System software This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 507 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Leak detection Utility theory Vacuum arcs BT: Mathematics Vacuum breakdown RT: Supply and demand NT: Gettering

UV sources Vacuum technology USE: Ultraviolet sources BT: Electron devices RT: Field emitter arrays UWB antennas Gettering USE: Ultra wideband antennas Space charge NT: Photomultipliers UWB communication Vacuum electronics USE: Ultra wideband Vacuum systems communication Vacuum tubes UWB radar USE: Electron tubes USE: Ultra wideband radar VAD UWB technology USE: Voice activity detection USE: Ultra wideband technology Valuation V2G USE: Cost accounting USE: Vehicle-to-grid Valves V2V BT: Fluid flow USE: Vehicular ad hoc networks Hydraulic equipment Machine components Vaccines RT: Fluid flow control BT: Medical services Manifolds NT: Microvalves Vacuum arc remelting BT: Melt processing Vanadium BT: Chemical elements Vacuum arcs BT: Vacuum breakdown Vanes RT: Electron emission USE: Blades Thermionic emission Vacuum systems VANET USE: Vehicular ad hoc networks Vacuum breakdown BT: Dielectric breakdown Vapour deposition RT: Electron emission USE: Chemical vapor deposition Vacuum systems NT: Vacuum arcs VAR USE: Reactive power Vacuum electronics BT: Vacuum technology Varactors BT: Capacitors Vacuum energy Semiconductor diodes USE: Elementary particle vacuum Variable frequency drives Vacuum systems USE: Variable speed drives BT: Vacuum technology RT: Bellows Variable optical attenuators Casimir effect USE: Optical attenuators This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 508 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Eigenvalues and Variable selection eigenfunctions USE: Input variables Signal processing

Variable speed drives Vegetable oils UF: Variable frequency drives BT: Oils BT: Drives RT: Food products RT: Magnetic gears Motor drives Vegetation NT: Pitch control (audio) UF: Trees (botanical) BT: Biology Variable structure systems RT: Forestry BT: Adaptive systems Vegetation mapping NT: Crops Varistors Marine vegetation BT: Resistors RT: Arresters Vegetation mapping Semiconductor devices BT: Geoscience and remote sensing Vascular system RT: Agriculture USE: Circulatory system Forestry Geophysical measurement VCO techniques USE: Voltage-controlled Remote sensing oscillators Terrain mapping Vegetation VCR USE: Video recording Vehicle crash testing BT: Automotive engineering VCSEL Product safety engineering USE: Vertical cavity surface RT: Vehicles emitting lasers Vehicle detection Vector optimization BT: Automotive engineering USE: Pareto optimization Vehicle driving Vector processors BT: Automotive engineering BT: Microprocessors Vehicle dynamics Vector quantisation BT: Automotive engineering USE: Vector quantization RT: Hardware-in-the loop simulation Vector quantization Vehicles UF: Vector quantisation BT: Quantization (signal) Vehicle routing RT: Codes BT: Traffic control Encoding RT: Intelligent vehicles Image coding Path planning MPEG 4 Standard Speech coding Vehicle safety Transform coding BT: Automotive engineering Video coding Safety NT: Advanced driver assistance Vectors systems BT: Linear algebra This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 509 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Vehicle to vehicle communication Vehicular automation USE: Vehicular ad hoc networks BT: Automation RT: Autonomous vehicles Vehicle-to-grid Intelligent vehicles UF: V2G Mechatronics BT: Electric vehicles Mobile robots Smart grids Multi-agent systems RT: Battery powered vehicles Vehicular ad hoc networks Demand-side management Distributed power Vehicular technologies generation USE: Vehicular and wireless Fuel cell vehicles technologies Hybrid electric vehicles Load management Veins Propulsion BT: Blood vessels Solar powered vehicles Velocity control Vehicle-to-vehicle UF: Rotational measurement USE: Vehicular ad hoc networks Rotational speed Speed control Vehicles BT: Mechanical variables BT: Transportation control Vehicular and wireless RT: Aerospace control technologies Angular velocity RT: Mobile robots Cruise control Tires Motion control Vehicle crash testing Motor drives Vehicle dynamics Servosystems Vehicular ad hoc networks NT: Angular velocity control NT: Intelligent vehicles Land vehicles Velocity measurement Military vehicles UF: Speed measurement Space vehicles BT: Mechanical variables measurement Vehicular ad hoc networks RT: Angular velocity UF: V2V Doppler measurement VANET Flowmeters Vehicle to vehicle Motion measurement communication Slow light Vehicle-to-vehicle Tracking BT: Ad hoc networks RT: Mobile communication Ventilation Vehicles BT: Cooling Vehicular automation RT: Air conditioning Temperature control Vehicular and wireless technologies Vents UF: Vehicular technologies NT: Fans NT: Automotive engineering Land mobile radio Ventricle system equipment BT: Brain Navigation Propulsion Vents Vehicles BT: Mechanical products Wireless sensor networks RT: Air conditioning Buildings This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 510 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Ducts Large scale integration Space heating RT: Damascene integration Ventilation Nanotechnology Windows Parameter extraction NT: Neuromorphics Venture capital Wafer scale integration BT: Economics Financial management Very long instruction word RT: Business continuity USE: VLIW Enterprise resource planning Very-high-frequency circuits Research and development USE: VHF circuits management Risk analysis Very-high-frequency devices USE: VHF devices Venus BT: Planets Very-large-scale-integration USE: Very large scale integration Vermin control USE: Pest control Very-long-instruction-word USE: VLIW Veroboard USE: Stripboard circuit VHF circuits UF: Very-high-frequency circuits Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers BT: Circuits UF: VCSEL RT: Analog circuits Vertical cavity surface- Helical antennas emitting lasers VHF devices Vertical-cavity surface- emitting lasers VHF devices BT: Surface emitting lasers UF: Very-high-frequency RT: Distributed Bragg reflectors devices P-i-n diodes BT: Communications technology Vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers RT: VHF circuits USE: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers VHSIC USE: Very high speed integrated Vertical recording circuits USE: Perpendicular magnetic recording Vibrating bodies USE: Vibrations Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers USE: Vertical cavity surface Vibration control emitting lasers BT: Mechanical variables control Very high speed integrated circuits RT: Damping UF: VHSIC Isolation technology BT: Integrated circuits Shock absorbers Vibration measurement Very large scale integration Vibrations UF: VLSI Very-large-scale-integration Vibration measurement BT: Circuits BT: Mechanical variables Integrated circuits measurement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 511 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Modal analysis Vibration control Video compression Vibrations BT: Video signal processing Vibrometers RT: Data compression

Vibrational signal processing Video equipment USE: Signal processing UF: Camcorders BT: Communication equipment Vibrations RT: Consumer electronics UF: Mechanical vibrations TV equipment Tuning forks Video recording Vibrating bodies NT: Optical projectors BT: Mechanical factors Video codecs RT: Acoustic noise Videos Acoustics Damping Video games Dynamics USE: Games Elastodynamics Nanogenerators Video on demand Oscillators BT: Streaming media Resonance RT: Broadband communication Vibration control Digital multimedia Vibration measurement broadcasting

Vibrometers Video recording BT: Meters UF: VCR RT: Vibration measurement VTR BT: Recording Video annotation RT: DVD USE: Image annotation Image storage Video equipment Video codecs NT: High definition video BT: Codecs Videos Communication equipment Webcams Video equipment RT: Decoding Video reviews Image coding BT: IEEE indexing MPEG 4 Standard MPEG standards Video sequence Video coding USE: Video sequences

Video coding Video sequences UF: Advanced video coding UF: Video sequence Videocoding BT: Computer graphics BT: Video signal processing RT: Image databases RT: Image coding Image processing MPEG 4 Standard Multimedia computing MPEG standards Rate distortion theory Video sharing Streaming media BT: Information retrieval Transcoding RT: Internet Vector quantization NT: Facebook Video codecs MySpace NT: DVD YouTube High efficiency video coding This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 512 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Video signal processing Teletext BT: Multidimensional signal processing Viewdata RT: Authentication USE: Videotex Firewire Gaze tracking Virtual artifact IEEE 1394 Standard BT: Artificial intelligence Image annotation Brain Image recognition Digital systems MPEG 4 Standard Virtual reality MPEG standards Object tracking Virtual colonoscopy Streaming media BT: Colonoscopy Time-frequency analysis NT: Motion artifacts Virtual currency Video coding USE: Online banking Video compression Virtual enterprises Video streaming BT: Computer applications USE: Streaming media Data processing Economics Video surveillance Operations research BT: Surveillance RT: Electronic commerce Internet Video tracking Research and development BT: Image motion analysis Virtual manufacturing Tracking Virtual reality

Videocoding Virtual environments USE: Video coding BT: Virtual reality RT: Internet of Things Videoconferences Management information BT: Collaborative tools base NT: Virtualization Videoconferencing USE: Teleconferencing Virtual factories USE: Virtual manufacturing Videophone systems UF: Picture phones Virtual groups Picturephones UF: Virtual teams BT: Communication systems BT: Collaboration RT: Image communication Telephony Virtual machine monitors Visual communication UF: Hypervisors VMMs Videos BT: Computers and information UF: Multimedia products processing BT: Video equipment RT: Platform virtualization Video recording Virtual machines Videotex USE: Virtual machining UF: Viewdata BT: Communication systems Virtual machining Information services UF: Virtual machines RT: Data communication BT: Machining This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 513 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Virtual manufacturing Avatars RT: Software defined Extended reality networking Virtual artifact Virtual prototyping Virtual environments Virtual reality Virtual teams Virtual manufacturing USE: Virtual groups UF: Digital factories Virtual factories Virtualization BT: Computer applications BT: Virtual environments RT: CADCAM RT: Software defined Computer integrated networking manufacturing Virtual reality Concurrent engineering Research and development Viruses (computer) Virtual enterprises USE: Computer viruses Virtual prototyping Virtual reality Viruses (medical) NT: Virtual machining BT: Organisms NT: Influenza Virtual office USE: Teleworking Viruses (microorganisms) USE: Microorganisms Virtual private networks UF: VPN Visa gold BT: Computer networks USE: Credit cards RT: Data security Internet Viscera Local area networks BT: Body regions Wide area networks NT: Extranets Viscosity BT: Fluids Virtual prototyping Measurement BT: Design methodology Resistance RT: Product development RT: Navier-Stokes equations Prototypes Rheology Rapid prototyping Research and development Visible light communication Virtual machining BT: Data communication Virtual manufacturing Optical fiber communication Virtual reality RT: Light emitting diodes Light fidelity Virtual reality Lighting UF: Mixed reality BT: Computer graphics Vision Graphics USE: IEEE mission and vision RT: Cyberspace Solid modeling Vision (biological) Virtual enterprises USE: Visual systems Virtual machining Virtual manufacturing Vision Based Robot Control Virtual prototyping USE: Visual servoing Virtualization NT: Augmented reality Vision defects Augmented virtuality UF: Amblyopia This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 514 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Color blindness Myopia Visual servoing BT: Visual systems UF: Vision Based Robot Control BT: Motion control Vision sensors Robot vision systems BT: Sensors RT: Image processing Visual systems UF: Vision (biological) Vision systems (nonbiological) BT: Sense organs USE: Machine vision RT: Head Machine vision Visual Saliency detection USE: Visualization NT: Vision defects Visual perception Visual analytics BT: Visualization Visualisation RT: Information representation USE: Visualization

Visual BASIC Visualization BT: Computer languages UF: Visual RT: Software engineering Visualisation Software tools BT: Computer graphics System software Graphics RT: Animation Visual communication Design tools BT: Communication systems Educational technology RT: Image communication Image forensics Image resolution NT: Curve fitting TV Surface reconstruction Videophone systems Visual analytics

Visual databases Viterbi algorithm UF: Moving object databases BT: Algorithms BT: Databases RT: Dynamic programming Information theory Visual effects Mathematics BT: Image generation Multiaccess communication RT: Animation Probability Computer graphics Speaker recognition Stochastic processes Visual odometry Turbo codes BT: Computer vision Robots Vitrification BT: Chemical technology Visual perception RT: Radioactive waste disposal BT: Visual systems Vivaldi antennas Visual prostheses UF: Vivaldi-antennas USE: Visual prosthesis BT: Broadband antennas

Visual prosthesis Vivaldi-antennas UF: Electronic visual prosthesis USE: Vivaldi antennas Visual prostheses BT: Prosthetics VLIW RT: Blindness UF: Very long instruction word This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 515 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Very-long-instruction-word BT: Central Processing Unit Voice-over-Internet protocol USE: Internet telephony VLSI USE: Very large scale integration Voicegram USE: Spectrogram VMMs USE: Virtual machine monitors Voiceprint USE: Spectrogram Vocabulary BT: Information retrieval VOIP RT: Ranking (statistics) USE: Internet telephony

Vocational training Volatile organic compounds UF: NVQ BT: Organic compounds National vocational qualification Volcanic activity BT: Training BT: Volcanoes RT: Industrial training Multiskilling Volcanic ash BT: Volcanoes Vocoders RT: Ash BT: Communication equipment Telephone equipment Volcano RT: Speech codecs USE: Volcanoes Speech coding Volcanoes Voice activity detection UF: Volcano UF: Speech activity detection BT: Geoscience Speech detection NT: Planetary volcanoes VAD Volcanic activity BT: Speech processing Volcanic ash RT: Speech coding Speech recognition Voltage Speech synthesis BT: Electric variables RT: Automatic voltage control Voice mail Capacitance-voltage BT: Message systems characteristics RT: Electronic mail Phase frequency detector Office automation Voltage control Voltage measurement Voice over Internet protocol NT: Breakdown voltage USE: Internet telephony Dynamic voltage scaling Threshold voltage Voice over IP Voltage fluctuations USE: Internet telephony Voltage breakdown Voice print USE: Dielectric breakdown USE: Spectrogram Voltage control Voice response systems UF: Voltage mode control USE: Speech synthesis Voltage regulation Voltage-mode control Voice tract BT: Electric variables control USE: Larynx RT: Electric current control This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 516 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Limiting Motor drives Voltage-controlled oscillators On load tap changers UF: VCO Phase frequency detector Voltage controlled Power factor correction oscillators Reactive power control BT: Oscillators Regulators Three-phase electric power Voltage-mode control Voltage USE: Voltage control Voltage multipliers NT: Automatic voltage control Voltage-source converters UF: Modular multi-level Voltage controlled oscillators converters USE: Voltage-controlled VSC oscillators Voltage-source convertors BT: Converters Voltage fluctuations Power conversion BT: Voltage RT: AC-DC power converters RT: Power systems HVDC transmission Power electronics Voltage measurement Pulse width modulation BT: Electric variables converters measurement RT: Automatic voltage control Voltage-source convertors Potentiometers USE: Voltage-source converters Voltage Voltage transformers Voltmeters Voltmeters BT: Meters NT: Low voltage RT: Voltage measurement Medium voltage Volume estimation Voltage mode control USE: Volume measurement USE: Voltage control Volume measurement Voltage multipliers UF: Volume estimation BT: Circuits BT: Mechanical variables RT: AC-DC power converters measurement Charge pumps RT: Size measurement Particle accelerators Rectifiers Volume relaxation Transformers BT: Mechanical factors Voltage control NT: Capacitors Volunteer computing Diodes USE: Computer applications AND Distributed processing Voltage regulation USE: Voltage control Vortices, optical USE: Optical vortices Voltage sags USE: Power quality Voting BT: Government Voltage transformers NT: Electronic voting UF: Potential transformers BT: Instrument transformers VPN RT: Voltage measurement USE: Virtual private networks This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 517 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Warehousing VPU BT: Material storage USE: Graphics processing units RT: Production facilities Stacking VSC Storage automation USE: Voltage-source converters Warning systems VTR USE: Alarm systems USE: Video recording Warranties W3C UF: Product warranties UF: World Wide Web Product warranty Consortium BT: Product liability BT: Standards organizations Washing machines W3C Standards BT: Electric machines BT: Standards publications Electrical products Home appliances Wafer bonding Home automation BT: Bonding processes Semiconductor device Waste compaction manufacture USE: Waste reduction

Wafer level packaging Waste disposal USE: Wafer scale integration BT: Waste management RT: Effluents Wafer scale integration Pollution UF: Wafer level packaging Radioactive waste Wafer-level packaging Sanitary engineering BT: Circuits Slag Integrated circuits NT: Incineration Large scale integration Radioactive waste disposal Very large scale integration Waste electrical and electronic equipment Wafer-level packaging USE: Electronic waste USE: Wafer scale integration Waste handling Walking BT: Waste management USE: Legged locomotion RT: Radioactive waste disposal Waste reduction WAMS NT: Sewage treatment USE: Wide area measurements Sludge treatment Waste handling equipment WAN Wastewater treatment USE: Wide area networks Waste handling equipment WANs BT: Waste handling USE: Wide area networks RT: Materials handling equipment WAP Remote handling USE: Wireless access points equipment AND Wireless application Waste heat protocol BT: Energy conversion RT: Boilers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 518 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Cogeneration RT: Industrial waste Energy conservation Sanitary engineering Industrial waste Sludge treatment Thermal pollution Wastewater treatment Water Waste incineration Water pollution USE: Incineration Wastewater treatment Waste management UF: Dissolved air flotation BT: Environmental BT: Waste handling management RT: Rubber products RT: Biodegradation Sanitary engineering Effluents Sludge treatment Production management Waste management Radioactive waste Wastewater Sanitary engineering Water conservation Slag Water pollution Waste materials NT: Ozonation Wastewater treatment NT: Waste disposal Watches Waste handling BT: Clocks Waste recovery RT: Consumer products Waste reduction Time measurement

Waste materials Water UF: Refuse UF: H2O BT: Materials BT: Liquids RT: Fuels RT: Hydrodynamics Radioactive pollution Hydrologic measurements Sanitary engineering Hydrology Waste management Lakes Waste recovery Oceans Water pollution Reservoirs NT: Effluents Rivers Electronic waste Steam engines Industrial waste Wastewater Radioactive waste Water heating Slurries Water pollution Wastewater Water resources Water storage Waste recovery Wetlands BT: Waste management RT: Waste materials Water conservation Waste reduction UF: Water recycling BT: Environmental Waste reduction management UF: Waste compaction RT: Wastewater treatment BT: Waste management Water resources RT: Design for disassembly Water storage Waste handling NT: Desalination Waste recovery NT: Compaction Water heating BT: Heating systems Wastewater RT: Water BT: Waste materials This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 519 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Water jet cutting Digital watermarking UF: Abrasive water jet cutting Image watermarking BT: Cutting tools Watermark BT: Security Water pollution RT: Embossing BT: Oceanic engineering and Internet of Things marine technology Pollution Watt hour meters RT: Effluents USE: Watthour meters Industrial pollution Lakes Watt-hour meters Oils USE: Watthour meters Rivers Sanitary engineering Watthour meters Sewage treatment UF: Watt hour meters Thermal pollution Watt-hour meters Waste materials BT: Meters Wastewater RT: Energy measurement Wastewater treatment Water Wattmeters Water resources BT: Meters NT: Marine pollution RT: Power measurement

Water recycling WAVE USE: Water conservation USE: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments Water resources BT: Environmental Wave diffraction management USE: Diffraction RT: Lakes Remote sensing Wave equations Rivers USE: Propagation Water Water conservation Wave functions Water pollution BT: Waves NT: Desalination RT: Conformal mapping Reservoirs Elementary particle exchange interactions Water storage Functional analysis BT: Material storage NT: Wavelet analysis RT: Crops Wavelet domain Lakes Land use planning Wave power Water BT: Energy resources Water conservation Ocean waves NT: Reservoirs RT: Renewable energy sources

Water trees Wave propagation USE: Trees - insulation USE: Propagation

Watermark Wave scattering USE: Watermarking USE: Scattering

Watermarking Waveform analysis UF: Audio watermarking USE: Signal analysis This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 520 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Waveguide theory Waveform generators USE: Signal generators Wavelength assignment BT: Optical fiber networks Waveguide components BT: Electromagnetic Wavelength conversion waveguides BT: Optical fibers RT: Circulators RT: Wavelength converters Conformal mapping Helical antennas Wavelength converters Waveguide theory UF: Wavelength convertors NT: Optical waveguides BT: Converters Power combiners RT: Wavelength conversion Power dividers Wavelength convertors Waveguide discontinuities USE: Wavelength converters UF: Irises Waveguide obstacles Wavelength division multiplexed BT: Transmission line USE: Wavelength division discontinuities multiplexing RT: Electromagnetic waveguides Wavelength division multiplexing Loaded waveguides UF: WDM Waveguide theory Wavelength division NT: Reflection coefficient multiplexed Waveguide transitions Wavelength-division multiplexing Waveguide junctions BT: Multiplexing BT: Junctions RT: Bragg gratings Multicast communication Waveguide lasers NT: WDM networks BT: Electromagnetic waveguides Wavelength measurement RT: Lasers BT: Measurement NT: Substrate integrated RT: Acoustic measurements waveguides Electromagnetic measurements Waveguide obstacles Frequency measurement USE: Waveguide discontinuities Hyperspectral sensors Optical variables Waveguide theory measurement UF: Guided electromagnetic wave propagation Wavelength routing BT: Electromagnetic BT: Routing waveguides RT: Antennas Wavelength-division multiplexing Conformal mapping USE: Wavelength division Mathematics multiplexing Mode matching methods Waveguide components Wavelet analysis Waveguide discontinuities BT: Wave functions Waveguide transitions RT: Wavelet transforms NT: Multiresolution analysis Waveguide transitions BT: Waveguide discontinuities Wavelet coefficients This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 521 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Wavelet transforms BT: Wavelength division multiplexing Wavelet domain BT: Wave functions Weapons UF: Bomb Wavelet neural networks Munitions USE: Neural networks Ordinance BT: Military equipment Wavelet packets RT: Defense industry BT: Wavelet transforms Electronic countermeasures Terrorism Wavelet transforms NT: Guns BT: Transforms Missiles RT: Harmonic analysis Nuclear weapons Signal analysis Projectiles Signal processing Signal representation Wearable Computers Wavelet analysis BT: Computers NT: Biorthogonal modulation NT: Smart glasses Continuous wavelet transforms Wearable computers Discrete wavelet transforms UF: Wearable Health Monitoring Wavelet coefficients System Wavelet packets Wearable computing Wearable electronics Waves BT: Computers BT: Physics Pervasive computing RT: Acoustic propagation RT: Soft electronics Acoustic scattering Electromagnetic Wearable computing propagation USE: Wearable computers Electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic scattering Wearable electronics Time-domain analysis USE: Wearable computers NT: Atmospheric waves Berry phase Wearable Health Monitoring System Doppler effect USE: Wearable computers Electrodynamics Magnetostatic waves Wearable sensors Matter waves BT: Sensors Plasma waves Propagation Weather Reflectivity USE: Meteorology Seismic waves Shock waves Weather forecasting Solitons UF: Weather prediction Surface acoustic waves BT: Meteorology Wave functions NT: Wind forecasting

WDM Weather prediction USE: Wavelength division USE: Weather forecasting multiplexing Weaving WDM networks BT: Textile technology RT: Cotton This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 522 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Fabrics Web services Textile fibers Textile industry Web services Textiles BT: Internet Middleware Web 2.0 RT: Asynchronous BT: Internet communication Service computing Web and internet services Webcams UF: Internet services NT: Cloud computing BT: Web services Mashups Message service Web browsers Service-oriented USE: Browsers architecture Simple object access Web cams protocol USE: Webcams WS-BPEL Web TV Web design Web and internet services UF: Web site design Web servers BT: Web sites WebRTC RT: Authoring systems Content management Web services business process execution Software design lanuage User interfaces USE: WS-BPEL NT: Web page design Web pages Web site design USE: Web design Web filters USE: Information filters Web sites BT: Computer applications Web mining Information retrieval BT: Data mining RT: Computer networks Content management Web ontology language Extranets USE: OWL Internet Portals Web page design Social network services BT: Web design Wikipedia NT: Facebook Web pages MySpace BT: Web design Uniform resource locators Web design Web real-time communications YouTube USE: WebRTC Web television Web robot USE: Web TV USE: Bot (Internet) Web TV Web search UF: Web television BT: Search methods BT: Broadcasting NT: Crawlers TV Web services Web servers BT: Servers Webcams This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 523 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Web cams BT: Cameras Wetlands Video recording BT: Ecosystems RT: Web services Geoscience RT: Hydrology Webinars Lakes BT: Seminars Rivers Water WebRTC UF: Web real-time Whales communications BT: Marine animals BT: Application programming interfaces Wheelchairs Real-time systems BT: Assistive technology Web services Wheels WEEE BT: Mechanical products USE: Electronic waste RT: Automobile manufacture Automotive components Weibull distribution Automotive engineering BT: Statistical distributions Axles RT: Failure analysis Flanges Probability Machine components Reliability engineering Manufacturing Statistics Production Steering systems Weibull fading channels Structural plates BT: Fading channels Tires

Weight control Whispering gallery modes BT: Mechanical variables UF: Whispering-gallery modes control BT: Optics RT: Microcavities Weight measurement BT: Mechanical variables Whispering-gallery modes measurement USE: Whispering gallery modes

Welding White blood cells BT: Fabrication BT: Blood Joining processes RT: Bonding processes White matter Brazing BT: Central nervous system Fasteners RT: Action potentials Manufacturing Axons Materials processing Brain NT: Spot welding Learning systems

Well logging White noise BT: Geophysics BT: Noise Petroleum industry RT: AWGN channels RT: Oil drilling Music Seismology Random number generation Wet etching NT: AWGN BT: Etching This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 524 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

White spaces Wide-area measurements BT: Radio spectrum USE: Wide area measurements management Wideband Whole body imaging BT: Bandwidth BT: Biomedical image Communication systems processing RT: Narrowband

Whole-body PET Wideband amplifiers BT: Positron emission USE: Broadband amplifiers tomography Wideband antennas wi-fi USE: Broadband antennas USE: Wireless fidelity Wiener filters Wi-Max BT: Noise reduction USE: WiMAX wifi Wide area measurement systems USE: Wireless fidelity USE: Wide area measurements Wiggler magnets Wide area measurements USE: Undulators UF: WAMS Wide area measurement Wikipedia systems UF: Wikis Wide-area measurement BT: Information services systems RT: Collaboration Wide-area measurements Encyclopedias BT: Measurement Internet Web sites Wide area networks UF: WAN Wikis WANs USE: Wikipedia BT: Communication systems Computer networks Wild fires RT: Electronic learning USE: Fires Frame relay IEEE 802.3 Standard Wildfires Internetworking USE: Fires LAN interconnection Multiprocessor Wildlife interconnection BT: Animals Open systems Protocols WiMax Token networks USE: WiMAX Virtual private networks Wimax Wide band gap semiconductors USE: WiMAX BT: Semiconductor materials RT: Gallium alloys WiMAX Silicon compounds UF: Wi-Max WiMax Wide-area measurement systems Wimax USE: Wide area measurements Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 525 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Wireless communication Wind power generation RT: IEEE 802.16 Standard UF: Wind power BT: Power generation Winches RT: Turbogenerators BT: Materials handling Wind equipment Wind energy RT: Cables Lifting equipment Wind power grid integration USE: Wind energy integration Wind BT: Meteorology Wind speed RT: Sea surface BT: Wind Wind energy Wind power generation Wind tunnels NT: Wind forecasting BT: Aerospace testing Wind speed Test facilities RT: Aerodynamics Wind energy Aerospace simulation UF: Wind-energy BT: Energy resources Wind turbines RT: Turbines BT: Turbines Wind RT: Doubly fed induction Wind forecasting generators Wind power generation Wind energy Wind turbines Wind energy generation Wind forecasting Wind energy generation BT: Power generation Wind-energy RT: Wind forecasting USE: Wind energy Wind turbines NT: Wind energy integration Windings UF: Transformer windings Wind energy integration BT: Electromagnetic fields UF: Wind power grid integration RT: AC machines BT: Power systems Coils Wind energy generation Electric machines RT: Power grids Magnetic circuits Power transformers Wind farm Rotating machines USE: Wind farms Transformers NT: Machine windings Wind farms UF: Wind farm Windows BT: Energy resources BT: Building materials Manufactured products Wind forecasting RT: Glass products BT: Weather forecasting Vents Wind RT: Wind energy Windscreen wipers Wind energy generation USE: Automotive components Wind turbines Windscreens Wind power USE: Automotive components USE: Wind power generation Windshield wipers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 526 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Automotive components BT: Wireless networks

Windshields Wireless charging USE: Automotive components USE: Inductive charging

Windup Wireless communication BT: Feedback control UF: Wireless systems BT: Communication systems Wine industry RT: Bluetooth BT: Industry applications Dynamic spectrum access NT: Wineries IEEE 802.11 Standard IEEE 802.11p Standard Wineries IEEE 802.22 Standard BT: Wine industry Inductive charging Light fidelity Wire Location awareness BT: Materials Long Term Evolution RT: Communication cables Machine-to-machine Conductors communications Wiring Mobile applications Paging strategies Wire drawing Regional area networks BT: Wires Wireless LAN RT: Manufacturing Wireless fidelity Production NT: Cognitive radio Cooperative communication Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments GSM UF: WAVE Open wireless architecture BT: Wireless networks Roaming RT: IEEE 802.11p Standard Smart devices Intelligent vehicles Spatial diversity WRAN Wireless access networks WiMAX USE: Wireless networks Wireless access points Wireless application Wireless access points protocol UF: WAP Wireless networks BT: Computer networks Hardware Wireless energy transmission Mobile computing USE: Wireless power transfer Wireless communication RT: IEEE 802.11 Standard Wireless fidelity Routing protocols UF: wi-fi Wireless LAN wifi Wireless fidelity BT: Wireless LAN RT: IEEE 802.11 Standard Wireless ad hoc network Light fidelity USE: Mobile ad hoc networks Radio frequency Wireless access points Wireless application protocol Wireless communication UF: WAP BT: Protocols Wireless handheld devices Wireless communication USE: Handheld computers

Wireless cellular systems Wireless LAN This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 527 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Radio LAN Wireless power transfer WLAN UF: Wireless energy Wireless Metropolitan Area transmission Networks BT: Wireless power Wireless local area transmission networks BT: Local area networks Wireless power transmission RT: Ad hoc networks BT: Power transmission Bluetooth RT: Conductors Butler matrices Wireless networks IEEE 802.11 Standard NT: Wireless power transfer IEEE 802.11e Standard IEEE 802.11g Standard Wireless regional area networks IEEE 802.11n Standard USE: WRAN IEEE 802.15 Standard LAN interconnection Wireless security Personal area networks USE: Communication system Radio communication security Time-varying channels Wireless access points Wireless sensor networks Wireless communication UF: Underwater sensor Wireless sensor networks networks NT: Light fidelity BT: Communication systems Wireless fidelity Vehicular and wireless technologies Wireless local area networks RT: Ad hoc networks USE: Wireless LAN Cyber-physical systems Distributed vision networks Wireless mesh networks Edge computing BT: Communication systems Internet of Things RT: Wireless sensor networks Machine-to-machine communications Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks Microsensors USE: Wireless LAN Sensors Wireless LAN Wireless networks Wireless mesh networks UF: Wireless access networks NT: Body sensor networks BT: Wireless communication Event detection RT: Acoustic communication (telecommunication) Wireless systems IEEE 802.11p Standard USE: Wireless communication IEEE 802.22 Standard WRAN Wires Wireless power BT: Structural shapes transmission RT: Nanowires NT: AODV Springs Self-organizing networks NT: Wire drawing Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments Wiring Wireless cellular systems BT: Electric variables RT: Building services Wireless personal area networks Cables UF: WPAN Conductors BT: Personal area networks Layout Metallization This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 528 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Printed circuits USE: Employee welfare Wire Working environment noise WLAN UF: Environmental noise USE: Wireless LAN BT: Acoustic noise RT: Ergonomics Wolfram Hazards USE: Tungsten Occupational health Occupational safety Wood alcohol USE: Methanol Workplace USE: Employment Wood industry BT: Industries Workshops RT: Forestry USE: Conferences Pulp and paper industry Pulp manufacturing Workstations BT: Microcomputers Wood naphtha RT: Computer displays USE: Methanol Computer graphics Peer-to-peer computing Wood poles USE: Poles and towers World Wide Web UF: WWW Wood spirits BT: Computer applications USE: Methanol RT: Cyberspace NT: Bot (Internet) Wool Mashups BT: Agricultural products Textiles World Wide Web Consortium RT: Clothing USE: W3C Fabrics Natural fibers Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access Textile fibers USE: WiMAX Yarn Worm gears Word cloud USE: Gears USE: Tag clouds Worms Word processing USE: Grippers USE: Text processing Worms (computer) Workability USE: Computer worms BT: Mechanical factors Wounds Workflow management software BT: Injuries UF: Workflow management system Woven fabric composites BT: Office automation USE: Fabrics

Workflow management system WPAN USE: Workflow management USE: Wireless personal area software networks

Working conditions WRAN This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 529 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Wireless regional area networks WWW robot BT: Regional area networks USE: Bot (Internet) Wireless communication RT: IEEE 802.22 Standard X-ray applications Wireless networks BT: X-rays RT: Collimators Wrapping Phantoms BT: Packaging X-ray detection RT: Packaging machines NT: X-ray imaging X-ray lasers Wrist BT: Arms X-ray detection BT: X-rays Writing RT: Diagnostic radiography UF: Business writing Diffraction Engineering writing Electromagnetic radiation Report writing Phantoms Technical reports Radiography Technical writing X-ray applications BT: Professional X-ray detectors communication X-ray imaging RT: Manuals Proposals X-ray detectors NT: Abstracts BT: Ionizing radiation sensors Bibliographies RT: Crystallography Biographies Electromagnetic radiation Dictionaries Gamma-ray detectors Documentation Radiation detectors Grammar X-ray detection Readability metrics X-ray imaging Resumes X-rays Reviews Thesauri X-ray diffraction BT: Electromagnetic diffraction Written character recognition USE: Handwriting recognition X-ray imaging BT: X-ray applications Written characters RT: Gamma-ray detectors USE: Handwriting recognition Phantoms Radiography Written-character recognition X-ray detection USE: Handwriting recognition X-ray detectors NT: Plasma x-ray sources WS-BPEL UF: Web services business X-ray lasers process execution lanuage BT: Lasers BT: Computer languages X-ray applications Web services RT: Plasma x-ray sources RT: Business process re- X-rays engineering Information processing X-ray lithography BT: Lithography WWW USE: World Wide Web X-ray scattering This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 530 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: XRD YBa2Cu3O7 BT: X-rays USE: Yttrium barium copper oxide X-ray tomography BT: X-rays YBCO USE: Yttrium barium copper X-rays oxide BT: Medical services RT: Collimators Yield estimate Electromagnetic radiation USE: Yield estimation Synchrotron radiation Undulators Yield estimation X-ray detectors UF: Yield estimate X-ray lasers BT: Estimation NT: X-ray applications RT: Circuit analysis X-ray detection Crops X-ray scattering Microprocessor chips X-ray tomography Young modulus X3D USE: Young's modulus USE: ISO Standards Young's modulus Xenon UF: Young modulus BT: Gases BT: Solids

Xerography YouTube USE: Electrophotography BT: Social network services Video sharing XML Web sites UF: Automatic Test Markup Language Ytterbium Extensible Markup BT: Chemical elements Language BT: Markup languages Yttrium BT: Chemical elements XRD Metals USE: X-ray scattering NT: Yttrium compounds

XSS Yttrium barium copper oxide USE: Cross-site scripting UF: Y-Ba-Cu-O YBCO Y-Ba-Cu-O YBa2Cu3O7 USE: Yttrium barium copper BT: High-temperature oxide superconductors Yttrium compounds Yachts RT: Barium compounds USE: Boats Yttrium compounds Yagi-Uda antennas BT: Yttrium BT: Antennas RT: Alloying NT: Yttrium barium copper Yarn oxide BT: Textile fibers RT: Wool ZCS USE: Zero current switching This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 531 2018 IEEE Thesaurus

Zirconium Zero current switching BT: Chemical elements UF: ZCS Zero-current switching Zn BT: Switching circuits USE: Zinc RT: Inverters Switching converters ZnO USE: Zinc oxide Zero voltage switching UF: ZVS Zoology Zero-voltage switching BT: Biology BT: Switching circuits NT: Animals RT: Inverters Switching converters ZVS USE: Zero voltage switching Zero-current switching USE: Zero current switching

Zero-voltage switching USE: Zero voltage switching

Zeros USE: Poles and zeros

ZigBee BT: Radio communication RT: Automation Biomedical equipment Bluetooth IEEE 802.15 Standard Personal area networks Personal communication networks Smoke detectors

Zinc UF: Zn BT: Metals NT: Zinc compounds

Zinc compounds BT: Zinc NT: Zinc oxide

Zinc oxide UF: ZnO BT: Zinc compounds NT: Indium gallium zinc oxide

ZINDO USE: Computational modeling

Zip fasteners USE: Fasteners