2021 IEEE

Thesaurus

Version 1.0

Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

The IEEE Thesaurus is a controlled The IEEE Thesaurus also provides a vocabulary of almost 10,900 descriptive conceptual map through the use of engineering, technical and scientific terms, semantic relationships such as broader as well as IEEE-specific society terms terms (BT), narrower terms (NT), 'used for' [referred to as “descriptors” or “preferred relationships (USE/UF), and related terms terms”] .* Each descriptor included in the (RT). These semantic relationships identify thesaurus represents a single concept or theoretical connections between terms. unit of thought. The descriptors are Italic text denotes Non-preferred terms. considered the preferred terms for use in Bold text is used for preferred headings. describing IEEE content. The scope of descriptors is based on the material presented in IEEE journals, conference Abbreviations used in the Thesaurus: papers, standards, and/or IEEE organizational material. A controlled BT - Broader term vocabulary is a specific terminology used in NT - Narrower term a consistent and controlled fashion that RT - Related term results in better information searching and USE- Use preferred term retrieval. UF - Used for

Thesaurus construction is based on the ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005(2010) standard, Guidelines for the Construction, Format, and Management of Monolingual Controlled Vocabulary. The Thesaurus vocabulary uses American-based spellings with cross references to British variant spellings. The scope and structure of the IEEE Thesaurus reflects the engineering and scientific disciplines that comprise the Societies, Councils, and Communities of the IEEE in *Refer to ANSI/NISO NISO Z39.19-2005 addition to the technologies IEEE serves. (R2010) Sections 5 through 8 for detailed information on controlled vocabularies, IEEE has developed its controlled display formats, usage and spelling, and vocabulary through consultation with subject selection criteria for descriptors matter experts (specialists in a particular ( http://www.niso.org/kst/reports/standards ). field) and specialists in information analysis. The IEEE Thesaurus thus provides a controlled vocabulary of subject headings to help people categorize or search for engineering and computing concepts, especially IEEE published content.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 2 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

1/f noise 3D integrated circuits UF: 1f USE: Three-dimensional Pink noise integrated circuits BT: Noise 3D modeling 1f USE: Three-dimensional displays USE: 1/f noise 3D modelling 2-D displays USE: Three-dimensional displays USE: Two dimensional displays 3D printing 2-d hole gas USE: Three-dimensional printing USE: Two dimensional hole gas 3D reconstruction 2-D photonic crystals USE: Three-dimensional displays USE: Photonic crystals 3G 21CN USE: 3G mobile communication USE: Next generation networking 3G mobile communication 21st century networks UF: 3G USE: Next generation networking 3rd generation mobile communication 2D displays IMT-2000 USE: Two dimensional displays Third generation mobile communication 2d hole gas UMTS USE: Two dimensional hole gas Universal mobile telecommunication service 2D photonic crystals BT: Cellular technology USE: Photonic crystals Mobile communication RT: 4G mobile communication 3-D displays Ambient networks USE: Three-dimensional displays Cellular radio MIMO communication 3-D modeling Multiaccess communication USE: Three-dimensional displays Next generation networking OFDM 3-D modelling Radio access networks USE: Three-dimensional displays Spread spectrum communication 3-D reconstruction Telecommunication USE: Three-dimensional displays computing Time division synchronous 3D accelerators code division multiple access USE: Hardware acceleration 3G partnership project 3D audio USE: 3GPP BT: Audio systems Augmented reality 3GPP RT: Virtual reality UF: 3G partnership project 3rd generation partnership 3D displays project USE: Three-dimensional displays BT: Standards organizations RT: New Radio This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 3 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Ultra-dense networks 3GPP Standards NT: Enhanced mobile BT: Standards publications broadband NT: Long Term Evolution New Radio

3rd generation mobile communication 5th generation mobile systems USE: 3G mobile communication USE: 5G mobile communication

3rd generation partnership project 5th generation systems USE: 3GPP USE: 5G mobile communication

4G mobile communication 5th generation wireless systems UF: 4th generation mobile USE: 5G mobile communication communication BT: Cellular technology 6G mobile communication Mobile communication BT: Mobile communication RT: 3G mobile communication RT: 5G mobile communication 5G mobile communication Cellular radio Cellular radio Enhanced mobile 802.11 broadband USE: IEEE 802.11 Standard Long Term Evolution Next generation networking 802.11ax Radio access networks USE: IEEE 802.11ax Standard Spread spectrum communication 802.11e Telecommunication USE: IEEE 802.11e Standard computing Time division synchronous 802.11g code division multiple access USE: IEEE 802.11g Standard

4K UHD 802.11n USE: UHDTV USE: IEEE 802.11n Standard

4th generation mobile communication 802.15 USE: 4G mobile communication USE: IEEE 802.15 Standard

5G 802.16 USE: 5G mobile communication USE: IEEE 802.16 Standard

5G mobile communication 802.3 UF: 5G USE: IEEE 802.3 Standard 5th generation mobile systems 8K UHD 5th generation systems USE: UHDTV 5th generation wireless systems 9/11 BT: Cellular technology USE: Terrorism Mobile communication RT: 4G mobile communication 9/11 attack 6G mobile communication USE: Terrorism Cellular radio Land mobile radio 911 attack Next generation networking USE: Terrorism Tactile This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 4 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

A/D RT: AC-AC converters USE: Analog-digital conversion Pulse width modulation Sensorless control A/D conversion Windings USE: Analog-digital conversion NT: AC motors Induction machines A/D converter Synchronous machines USE: Analog-digital conversion AC motors AAL UF: motors USE: Ambient assisted living BT: AC machines Motors ABC algorithms RT: Pulse width modulation USE: Artificial bee colony Pulse width modulation algorithm inverters Space vector pulse width Abdomen modulation BT: Body regions NT: Hysteresis motors Induction motors Abrasive water jet cutting USE: Water jet cutting AC-AC converters UF: AC-AC convertors Abrasives AC-AC power conversion BT: Production materials BT: Converters Power conversion Absorption RT: AC machines BT: Materials science and technology AC-AC convertors RT: Semiconductor detectors USE: AC-AC converters

Abstract algebra AC-AC power conversion BT: Algebra USE: AC-AC converters NT: Galois fields Modules (abstract algebra) AC-DC power converters UF: AC-DC power convertors Abstracts AC/DC power converters BT: Writing Analog-to-digital converter RT: Analog-to-digital convertor Information services BT: Power conversion RT: Machine vector control AC generators Pulse width modulation UF: Alternating current inverters generators multipliers BT: Generators Voltage-source converters RT: Pulse width modulation NT: Rectifying circuits NT: Induction generators Synchronous generators AC-DC power convertors USE: AC-DC power converters AC llght emitting diode lamps USE: LED lamps AC-LED lamps USE: LED lamps AC machines UF: Alternating current AC/DC power converters machines USE: AC-DC power converters BT: Electric machines This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 5 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Accelerated aging Password BT: Aging Materials testing Access point base station USE: Femtocell networks Accelerated computing USE: Hardware acceleration Access protocols BT: Protocols Accelerated testing RT: CAPTCHAs USE: Life estimation NT: Media Access Protocol

Acceleration Access rights BT: Mechanical factors USE: Permission RT: Accelerometers Gravity Accident prevention BT: Industry applications Acceleration measurement RT: Explosion protection USE: Accelerometers Preventive maintenance Risk analysis Accelerator architectures Safety devices BT: Computer architecture NT: Accidents

Accelerator beams Accidents USE: Particle beams BT: Accident prevention RT: Domestic safety Accelerator magnets Electric shock BT: Magnetic devices Emergency services Particle accelerators Explosions Fires Accelerometers Hazardous areas UF: Acceleration measurement Occupational health BT: Measurement Occupational safety RT: Acceleration Oil pollution Fall detection Product safety Risk analysis Access charges NT: Aerospace accidents BT: Economics Electrical accidents Multiaccess communication Industrial accidents Marine accidents Access control Railway accidents BT: Security Road accidents RT: Biometrics (access control) Building services Accreditation Capability-based security BT: Educational programs Communication system RT: Conformance testing security Training Computer security Countermeasures Accuracy (computer) BT: Mathematics Identification of persons Smart cards Acoustic applications Trust management UF: Ultrasonic applications Whitelists BT: Acoustics NT: Authorization RT: Acoustic measurements Blacklisting Biomedical acoustics Multi-factor authentication This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 6 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Acoustic communication Acoustic field (telecommunication) BT: Acoustics Acoustic imaging Acoustic testing Acoustic imaging BT: Acoustic applications Acoustic arrays RT: Acoustic testing BT: Acoustic transducers Oceanographic techniques RT: Acoustic signal processing Array signal processing Acoustic materials Sonar UF: Acoustic metamaterials BT: Materials Acoustic beams RT: Piezoelectric materials BT: Beams Acoustic measurements Acoustic communication BT: Measurement (telecommunication) RT: Acoustic applications BT: Acoustic applications Acoustic testing Telecommunication Anechoic chambers services Biomedical acoustics RT: Mobile communication Frequency measurement OFDM Phase measurement Wireless networks Seismic measurements Wavelength measurement Acoustic devices UF: Ultrasonic devices Acoustic metamaterials BT: Acoustics USE: Acoustic materials AND RT: Piezoelectric devices Metamaterials NT: Acoustic waveguides Acousto-optical devices Acoustic noise Acoustoelectric devices UF: Audible noise Bulk acoustic wave devices Audio restoration Film bulk acoustic BT: Acoustics resonators RT: Acoustic distortion Surface acoustic wave Acoustic emission devices Acoustic signal detection Environmental factors Acoustic diffraction Mechanical factors BT: Acoustic propagation Vibrations NT: Background noise Acoustic distortion Noise cancellation BT: Distortion Noise level RT: Acoustic noise Noise reduction Acoustic signal processing Working environment noise Loudspeakers Nonlinear acoustics Acoustic phonetics BT: Acoustics Acoustic distortion measurement Phonetics USE: Distortion measurement Acoustic propagation Acoustic emission BT: Acoustics BT: Acoustics RT: Acoustic pulses RT: Acoustic noise Waves Acoustic testing NT: Acoustic diffraction Nondestructive testing Acoustic pulses This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 7 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Acoustics RT: Acoustic propagation Acoustic waves UF: Acoustic wave attenuation Acoustic reflection BT: Acoustics BT: Reflection RT: Seismic waves RT: Acoustic scattering NT: Acoustic refraction Acoustoelectric effects Acoustic refraction Surface acoustic waves BT: Acoustic waves Acoustical engineering Acoustic scattering BT: Engineering - general BT: Scattering RT: Acoustic reflection Acoustics Waves UF: Ultrasonics BT: Physics Acoustic sensors RT: Acoustoelectric effects BT: Sensors Fourier transforms Magnetoacoustic effects Acoustic signal detection Phonons BT: Signal detection Resonators RT: Acoustic noise Vibrations NT: Sonar detection NT: Acoustic applications Acoustic devices Acoustic signal processing Acoustic emission UF: Audio enhancement Acoustic field BT: Signal processing Acoustic noise RT: Acoustic arrays Acoustic phonetics Acoustic distortion Acoustic propagation Acoustic transducers Acoustic pulses NT: Active noise reduction Acoustic waves Speech processing Acoustooptic effects Biomedical acoustics Acoustic surface waves Cepstral analysis USE: Surface acoustic waves Music Nonlinear acoustics Acoustic testing Psychoacoustics BT: Acoustic applications Reverberation Materials testing Spectral shape RT: Acoustic emission Underwater acoustics Acoustic imaging Acoustic measurements Acousto-optic devices Photoacoustic effects USE: Acousto-optical devices

Acoustic transducers Acousto-optical devices BT: Transducers UF: Acousto-optic devices RT: Acoustic signal processing Acoustooptic devices Array signal processing BT: Acoustic devices NT: Acoustic arrays RT: Acoustooptic effects

Acoustic wave attenuation Acoustoelectric devices USE: Acoustic waves AND UF: Electroacoustic devices Attenuation BT: Acoustic devices RT: Acoustoelectric effects Acoustic waveguides Piezoelectric devices BT: Acoustic devices This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 8 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Pulsed electroacoustic Active appearance model methods BT: Computer vision Surface acoustic wave devices Active circuits BT: Circuits Acoustoelectric effects NT: Active UF: Electroacoustic effects Gyrators BT: Acoustic waves Operational amplifiers Electric fields RT: Acoustics Active contours Acoustoelectric devices BT: Motion analysis Semiconductor materials NT: Pulsed electroacoustic Active distribution networks methods BT: Power distribution networks

Acoustomagnetic effects Active disturbance rejection control USE: Magnetoacoustic effects USE: Robust control

Acoustooptic devices Active filters USE: Acousto-optical devices BT: Filters NT: Band-pass filters Acoustooptic effects BT: Acoustics Active inductors RT: Acousto-optical devices BT: Active circuits NT: Piezooptic effects Inductors RT: Gyrators Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Integrated circuits UF: AIDS MOSFET circuits Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Active matrix addressing BT: Diseases BT: Active matrix technology RT: Human immunodeficiency virus Active matrix liquid crystal displays UF: AMLCDs Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Active-matrix liquid-crystal USE: Acquired immune displays deficiency syndrome BT: Active matrix technology Liquid crystal displays Actinium BT: Chemical elements Active matrix organic LEDs USE: Active matrix organic light Action potentials emitting diodes UF: Bioelectric potentials BT: Physiology Active matrix organic light emitting diodes RT: Axons UF: AMOLEDs Membrane potentials Active matrix organic LEDs Neurons Active matrix organic light- White matter emitting diodes BT: Active matrix technology Activated sludge process Organic light emitting USE: Sludge treatment diodes

Activation analysis Active matrix organic light-emitting diodes BT: Chemical analysis USE: Active matrix organic light emitting diodes This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 9 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Electroactive polymer Active matrix technology actuators UF: Active-matrix Electrostrictive polymer BT: Displays actuators NT: Active matrix addressing Ionomeric polymer-metal Active matrix liquid crystal composite actuators displays Nanoactuators Active matrix organic light BT: Control equipment emitting diodes RT: Control systems Thin film transistors Servomechanisms Servosystems Active networking Shape memory alloys BT: Network architecture NT: Dielectric elastomer actuators Active noise reduction Electrostatic actuators BT: Acoustic signal processing Electrothermal actuators Noise reduction Hydraulic actuators NT: Echo cancellers Intelligent actuators Microactuators Active perception Piezoelectric actuators BT: Psychology Pneumatic actuators RT: Cognition Control systems Ad hoc networks Sensor fusion BT: Computer networks RT: Cross layer design Active pixel sensors Data communication BT: Image sensors Land mobile radio Mobile computing Active RFID tags Multicast communication BT: RFID tags Protocols Wireless LAN Active shape model Wireless sensor networks BT: Image processing NT: AODV Pattern recognition Mesh networks Mobile ad hoc networks Active-matrix Vehicular ad hoc networks USE: Active matrix technology Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector Active-matrix liquid-crystal displays USE: AODV USE: Active matrix liquid crystal displays Adaptation models BT: Adaptive algorithms Activities USE: IEEE activities Adaptive algorithms BT: Algorithms Activity recognition NT: Adaptation models BT: Cognition Pattern recognition Adaptive antenna arrays Sensor systems USE: Adaptive arrays RT: Computer vision Adaptive arrays Actuators UF: Adaptive antenna arrays UF: Dielectric electroactive BT: Antenna arrays polymer actuators RT: Adaptive signal detection Array signal processing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 10 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Radar countermeasures Radio communication Adaptive signal processing countermeasures BT: Signal processing NT: Adaptive filters Adaptive codes Adaptive signal detection USE: Adaptive coding Adaptive systems Adaptive coding BT: Cybernetics UF: Adaptive codes Systems engineering and BT: Data compression theory RT: Adaptive scheduling Adaptive control Learning systems UF: Self-tuning regulators Neural networks BT: Adaptive systems NT: Adaptive control RT: Cognitive systems Cognitive radar Control systems Line enhancers Disturbance observers Multi-agent systems Iterative learning control Variable structure systems

Adaptive equalisers ADAS USE: Adaptive equalizers USE: Advanced driver assistance systems Adaptive equalizers UF: Adaptive equalisers Add-drop multiplexers BT: Equalizers BT: Multiplexing equipment NT: Optical add-drop Adaptive estimation multiplexers BT: Statistics Added delay Adaptive filters BT: Delay systems BT: Adaptive signal processing Adders Adaptive learning BT: Circuits BT: Education RT: Digital integrated circuits RT: Distance learning Logic circuits Human computer interaction Additive manufacturing User interfaces USE: Three-dimensional printing

Adaptive mesh refinement Additive metric BT: Numerical analysis USE: Maximum likelihood detection Adaptive optics BT: Optics Additive noise BT: Noise Adaptive scheduling NT: AWGN BT: Scheduling Additive white noise RT: Adaptive systems Production control Additive white noise BT: Additive noise Adaptive signal detection RT: Gaussian noise BT: Adaptive signal processing RT: Adaptive arrays Additives Blind source separation UF: Fuel additives Source separation BT: Materials This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 11 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Production materials Advanced Research Projects Agency Network Adenoviridae USE: ARPANET USE: Adenoviruses Advanced TV Adenoviruses USE: HDTV UF: Adenoviridae BT: Microorganisms Advanced video coding USE: Video coding Adhesive bonding USE: Adhesives Adversarial machine learning BT: Machine learning Adhesive strength BT: Materials testing Advertising BT: Marketing management Adhesives UF: Adhesive bonding Aerial robots BT: Bonding USE: Unmanned aerial vehicles NT: Conductive adhesives Nonconductive adhesives Aerodynamics BT: Dynamics Adiabatic Mechanical factors BT: Power electronics RT: Aerospace control Shock waves Adjacent channel interference Wind tunnels USE: Interchannel interference Aerosols Admission control BT: Electrostatic processes BT: Quality of service RT: Liquids RT: Bandwidth Particle production Spraying Admittance UF: Electric admittance Aerospace accidents BT: Electric variables BT: Accidents RT: Admittance measurement RT: Aerospace safety Impedance Space vehicles NT: Air accidents Admittance measurement BT: Electric variables Aerospace and electronic systems measurement RT: Auditory displays RT: Admittance Digital signal processing Impedance measurement Programming Systems engineering and Adsorption theory BT: Surface morphology NT: Aerospace control RT: Interface phenomena Aerospace engineering Molecular sieves Aerospace materials Surfactants Aircraft manufacture Aircraft navigation Advanced driver assistance systems Aircraft propulsion UF: ADAS Command and control BT: Vehicle safety systems RT: Collision avoidance Electronic warfare Intelligent vehicles Military equipment Vehicle-to-everything Radar This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 12 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Sensor systems Space technology Sonar Telemetry Aerospace ground equipment USE: Ground support Aerospace biophysics BT: Aerospace engineering Aerospace ground services Biophysics USE: Ground support RT: Human factors Aerospace industry Aerospace components BT: Manufacturing industries BT: Aerospace materials RT: Aerospace engineering Aerospace materials Aerospace control Aerospace safety UF: Aircraft control Aircraft manufacture Flight control Lightweight structures BT: Aerospace and electronic systems Aerospace instrumentation RT: Aerodynamics USE: Aerospace electronics Aerospace simulation Aircraft Aerospace materials Hardware-in-the-loop UF: Aircraft materials simulation Spacecraft materials Missiles BT: Aerospace and electronic Motion control systems Space vehicles Production materials Velocity control RT: Aerospace engineering NT: Air traffic control Aerospace industry Attitude control Aircraft manufacture Ground support Lightweight structures Space vehicles Aerospace electronics NT: Aerospace components UF: Aerospace instrumentation Aircraft electronics Aerospace navigation Aircraft instrumentation USE: Aircraft navigation Avionics Space vehicle electronics Aerospace propulsion Space vehicle BT: Propulsion instrumentation BT: Aerospace engineering Aerospace safety RT: Aircraft BT: Aerospace engineering Space vehicles Safety Total ionizing dose RT: Aerospace accidents Aerospace industry Aerospace engineering Ion beam effects BT: Aerospace and electronic Space shuttles systems Space vehicles RT: Aerospace industry NT: Air safety Aerospace materials Lightweight structures Aerospace simulation NT: Aerospace biophysics UF: Flight simulation Aerospace electronics BT: Aerospace engineering Aerospace safety RT: Aerospace control Aerospace simulation Aerospace testing Aerospace testing Wind tunnels Artificial satellites This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 13 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Aerospace testing USE: Agile software development BT: Aerospace engineering Testing Agile manufacturing RT: Aerospace simulation BT: Manufacturing systems NT: Wind tunnels RT: Computer integrated manufacturing Affective computing Flexible manufacturing BT: Artificial intelligence systems Human computer interaction Agile software development RT: Behavioral sciences UF: Agile computing Cognitive systems BT: Software development Emotion recognition management Human factors NT: Scrum (Software Psychology development) User experience Aging Affordances UF: Age factors BT: Object recognition Aged Optimization methods Ageing RT: Interactive systems BT: Materials science and User interfaces technology Virtual reality RT: Ambient assisted living Assisted living Africa Cataracts BT: Continents Electric breakdown Energy storage Afterburners Gerontology USE: Incineration Insulation life Life estimation Ag Reliability USE: Silver Senior citizens NT: Accelerated aging Age factors USE: Aging Agricultural engineering BT: Engineering - general Age of information RT: Agricultural machinery USE: Information age Agricultural robots Agriculture Aged USE: Aging Agricultural machinery UF: Combine harvesters Ageing Tractors USE: Aging BT: Machinery RT: Agricultural engineering Agent-based modeling Agriculture BT: Computational modeling Applicators Software agents Blades RT: Multi-agent systems NT: Agricultural robots

Aggregates Agricultural products BT: Materials BT: Agriculture RT: Building materials RT: Agricultural robots Food products Agile computing Irrigation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 14 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Cotton AI chips Crops USE: AI accelerators Dairy products Sugar AIDS Wool USE: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Agricultural robots BT: Agricultural machinery Aids for the handicapped Robots USE: Assistive technology RT: Agricultural engineering Agricultural products AIEE Standards Mobile robots BT: IEEE Standards Unmanned vehicles Air accidents Agriculture BT: Aerospace accidents UF: Livestock RT: Air safety BT: Industries Air traffic control RT: Agricultural engineering Agricultural machinery Air bags Animals USE: Automotive components Dairy products Food waste Air cleaners Genetic engineering UF: Air filters Pest control Air purifiers Soil pollution BT: Machine components Vegetation mapping RT: Air pollution NT: Agricultural products Cleaning Aquaculture Purification Digital agriculture Fertilizers Air conditioning Greenhouses BT: Cooling Irrigation RT: Building services Buildings AI Compressors USE: Artificial intelligence Ducts Fans AI accelerators HVAC UF: AI chips Ventilation Arificial intelligence chips Vents BT: Artificial intelligence NT: Central air conditioning Microprocessor chips RT: Application specific Air filters integrated circuits USE: Air cleaners Coprocessors Field programmable gate Air gaps arrays UF: Air-gap Graphics processing units BT: Electromagnetic analysis Learning (artificial RT: intelligence) Spark gaps Multiprocessing systems Neural network hardware Air interface Neural networks USE: Communication channels Neuromorphic engineering System-on-chip Air pollutants USE: Air pollution This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 15 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Air pollution Aircraft UF: Air pollutants BT: Air transportation BT: Air quality RT: Aerospace control Pollution Aerospace electronics RT: Air cleaners Aircraft manufacture Ash Aircraft navigation Atmospheric Aircraft propulsion measurements Ground support Carbon footprint Military aircraft Carbon sequestration Propellers Exhaust gases NT: Airplanes Flue gases Helicopters Fossil fuels Global warming Aircraft control Incineration USE: Aerospace control Industrial pollution Meteorology Aircraft electronics Thermal pollution USE: Aerospace electronics

Air purifiers Aircraft engines USE: Air cleaners USE: Aircraft propulsion

Air quality Aircraft instrumentation BT: Atmosphere USE: Aerospace electronics RT: Atmospheric measurements Aircraft manufacture Environmental factors BT: Aerospace and electronic NT: Air pollution systems Indoor air quality RT: Aerospace industry Aerospace materials Air safety Aircraft BT: Aerospace safety RT: Air accidents Aircraft materials USE: Aerospace materials Air traffic control BT: Aerospace control Aircraft navigation RT: Air accidents UF: Aerospace navigation Air transportation Entry, descent and landing Control systems BT: Aerospace and electronic Radio navigation systems Navigation Air transportation RT: Aircraft BT: Transportation Course correction RT: Air traffic control Global Positioning System Aircraft propulsion NT: Aircraft UF: Aircraft engines Airports BT: Aerospace and electronic systems Air-gap Propulsion USE: Air gaps RT: Aircraft Engines Airborne radar Jet engines BT: Radar Turbines RT: Synthetic aperture radar NT: Propellers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 16 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Airfields Algorithm design and theory USE: Airports BT: Algorithms NT: Backtracking Airfoils Consensus algorithm USE: Automotive components Algorithmic efficiency Airplanes BT: Algorithm design and BT: Aircraft analysis RT: Computational complexity Airports Software performance UF: Airfields Software quality BT: Air transportation Algorithms Al UF: Subroutines USE: Aluminum BT: Mathematics RT: Biometrics (access control) Al2O3 Ciphers USE: Aluminum oxide Cyclic redundancy check Huffman coding Alarm systems Linear programming UF: Warning systems Maximum likelihood BT: Security decoding RT: Fall detection Model checking Monitoring Numerical stability Motion detection Random processes Safety Software Safety devices Software libraries NT: Smoke detectors Stability analysis NT: Adaptive algorithms Alcoholic beverages Algorithm design and BT: Ethanol analysis Algorithm design and Alcoholism theory BT: Diseases Approximation algorithms Artificial bee colony Alexa algorithm USE: Virtual assistants Backpropagation algorithms Basis algorithms Algae Change detection BT: Organisms algorithms Classification algorithms Algebra Clustering algorithms BT: Mathematics Compression algorithms RT: Nonlinear equations Density estimation robust NT: Abstract algebra algorithm Boolean algebra Detection algorithms Linear algebra Distributed algorithms Set theory Dynamic programming Filtering algorithms Algorithm design and analysis Genetic algorithms BT: Algorithms Hash functions NT: Algorithmic efficiency Heuristic algorithms Generative adversarial Inference algorithms networks MLFMA This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 17 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Machine learning Yttrium compounds algorithms NT: Intermetallic Matching pursuit algorithms Shape memory alloys Maximum likelihood detection Alloys Multicast algorithms USE: Metals Parallel algorithms Partitioning algorithms Alpha particles Prediction algorithms BT: Nuclear physics Projection algorithms RT: Ions Pursuit algorithms Signal processing Alphavoltaic power sources algorithms USE: Radioactive materials Software algorithms Viterbi algorithm Alternating current generators Whale optimization USE: AC generators algorithms Alternating current machines All optical networks USE: AC machines USE: All-optical networks Alternating current motors All-optical networks USE: AC motors UF: All optical networks BT: Optical fiber networks Alternators BT: Electric machines Allocation RT: Synchronous generators USE: Resource management Altimetry Alloying BT: Pressure measurement BT: Metals RT: Atmospheric RT: Aluminum alloys measurements Aluminum compounds Barium compounds Aluminium Bismuth compounds USE: Aluminum Calcium Cobalt Aluminium alloys Cobalt alloys USE: Aluminum alloys Copper alloys Gallium alloys Aluminium compounds Gallium compounds USE: Aluminum compounds Germanium alloys Gold alloys Aluminium industry Hafnium compounds USE: Metals industry Indium compounds Iron alloys Aluminium oxide Lithium USE: Aluminum oxide Lithium compounds Neodymium alloys Aluminum Nickel alloys UF: Al Niobium alloys Aluminium Platinum alloys BT: Chemical elements Silicon alloys Metals Strontium compounds NT: Aluminum alloys Tin alloys Aluminum compounds Titanium alloys This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 18 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Aluminum alloys BT: Mobile communication UF: Aluminium alloys RT: 3G mobile communication BT: Aluminum RT: Alloying Amblyopia USE: Vision defects Aluminum compounds UF: Aluminium compounds Ambulatory surgery BT: Aluminum BT: Surgery RT: Alloying NT: Aluminum gallium nitride American Express Aluminum nitride USE: Credit cards Aluminum oxide American National Institute of Standads Aluminum gallium nitride USE: ANSI BT: Aluminum compounds Gallium compounds American Standards Association RT: III-V semiconductor USE: ASA materials Transistors Americium BT: Chemical elements Aluminum industry USE: Metals industry Amino acids BT: Biochemistry Aluminum nitride BT: Aluminum compounds AMLCDs USE: Active matrix liquid crystal Aluminum oxide displays UF: Al2O3 Aluminium oxide Ammeters BT: Aluminum compounds BT: Electric variables RT: Ceramics measurement RT: Current measurement Alzheimer's disease BT: Dementia Ammonia RT: Gerontology BT: compounds Hippocampus Amniocentesis Ambient assisted living BT: Medical tests UF: AAL RT: Genetics BT: Assisted living Ultrasonic imaging Information and NT: Amniotic fluid communication technology Birth disorders RT: Aging Assistive devices Amniotic fluid BT: Amniocentesis Ambient intelligence Fluids and secretions BT: Consumer electronics Telecommunications AMOLEDs RT: Intelligent systems USE: Active matrix organic light Internet of Things emitting diodes Ubiquitous computing User interfaces Amorphous magnetic materials BT: Magnetic materials Ambient networks UF: AN Project Amorphous materials This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 19 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Materials Corpus amygdaloideum NT: Diamond-like carbon BT: Brain Glass Amygdalae Amorphous semiconductors USE: Amygdala BT: Semiconductor materials RT: Silicon AN Project Thin film devices USE: Ambient networks

Amorphous silicon Anaesthesia BT: Silicon USE: Anesthesia

Amperometric sensors Analog circuits BT: Electrochemical devices BT: Circuits Gas detectors RT: Microwave circuits Millimeter wave circuits Amplifiers Neuromorphics BT: Signal processing Submillimeter wave circuits RT: Frequency response Switched Klystrons networks Optical fiber amplifiers UHF circuits Rail to rail amplifiers VHF circuits Rail to rail operation NT: Analog integrated circuits NT: Broadband amplifiers Analog processing circuits Differential amplifiers Distributed amplifiers Analog CMOS integrated circuits Low-noise amplifiers USE: CMOS analog integrated Operational amplifiers circuits Power amplifiers Preamplifiers Analog computers Pulse amplifiers UF: Analogue computers Radiofrequency amplifiers BT: Computers Resonators RT: Summing circuits

Amplify-and-forward cooperative communication Analog digital integrated circuits USE: Cooperative communication USE: Analog-digital integrated circuits Amplitude estimation BT: Parameter estimation Analog integrated circuits RT: Reflection coefficient UF: Analogue integrated circuits Linear integrated circuits Amplitude modulation BT: Analog circuits BT: Modulation Integrated circuits RT: Demodulation RT: Analog processing circuits Intensity modulation MMICs NT: Amplitude shift keying Microwave integrated Quadrature amplitude circuits modulation Millimeter wave integrated circuits Amplitude shift keying Neural network hardware UF: ASK Submillimeter wave BT: Amplitude modulation integrated circuits UHF integrated circuits Amygdala NT: CMOS analog integrated UF: Amygdalae circuits This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 20 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Field programmable analog BT: Integrated circuits arrays NT: Mixed analog-digital integrated circuits Analog memory BT: Memory Analog-to-digital conversion RT: Analog processing circuits USE: Analog-digital conversion

Analog processing circuits Analog-to-digital converter BT: Analog circuits USE: AC-DC power converters RT: Analog integrated circuits AND Analog memory Analog-digital conversion Application specific integrated circuits Analog-to-digital convertor Mixed analog-digital USE: AC-DC power converters integrated circuits Signal processing Analogue CMOS integrated circuits USE: CMOS analog integrated Analog to digital conversion circuits USE: Analog-digital conversion Analogue computers Analog to digital converter USE: Analog computers USE: Analog-digital conversion Analogue digital integrated circuits Analog TV USE: Analog-digital integrated UF: Analogue TV circuits BT: TV Analogue integrated circuits Analog-digital USE: Analog integrated circuits USE: Analog-digital conversion Analogue TV Analog-digital conversion USE: Analog TV UF: A/D A/D conversion Analogue-digital conversion A/D converter USE: Analog-digital conversion Analog to digital conversion Analog to digital converter Analogue-digital converters Analog-digital USE: Analog-digital conversion Analog-to-digital conversion Analog-to-digital converter Analogue-digital integrated circuits Analogue-digital conversion USE: Analog-digital integrated Analogue-digital converters circuits BT: Data conversion RT: Data acquisition Analysis of variance Quantization (signal) UF: ANOVA NT: Delta modulation BT: Statistical analysis

Analog-digital integrated circuits Analytic hierarchy process UF: Analog digital integrated UF: Analytical hierarchy circuits process Analogue digital integrated BT: Decision making circuits RT: Management Analogue-digital integrated Strategic planning circuits Minimum analog-digital Analytical hierarchy process integrated circuits USE: Analytic hierarchy process This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 21 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Medical treatment Analytical models NT: Anesthetic drugs BT: Modeling RT: Neuroinformatics Anesthesiology NT: Common Information Model BT: Medical specialties (computing) Anesthetic drugs Anatomical structure BT: Anesthesia BT: Medical diagnostic imaging Aneurism Anatomy USE: Aneurysm BT: Biological systems NT: Auditory system Aneurysm Biological tissues UF: Aneurism Body regions BT: Medical conditions Cardiovascular system Circulatory system Angiocardiography Digestive system BT: Biomedical imaging Embryonic structures RT: Biomedical applications of Endocrine system radiation Fluids and secretions Human anatomy Angiography Immune system UF: Arteriography Integumentary system BT: Biomedical imaging Lymphatic system Musculoskeletal system Angioplasty Nervous system BT: Medical treatment Neuroanatomy Respiratory system Angular velocity Sense organs BT: Mechanical variables Stomatognathic system measurement Urogenital system RT: Velocity control Velocity measurement Android () USE: Operating systems Angular velocity control BT: Velocity control Androids BT: Robots Animal behavior RT: Human factors BT: Behavioral sciences Man-machine systems Animal structures Anechoic chambers BT: Animals BT: Test facilities NT: Beak RT: Acoustic measurements Feathers Antenna measurements Tail Electromagnetic measurements Animals Immunity testing BT: Organisms TEM cells Zoology RT: Agriculture Anemometers Biological systems USE: Fluid flow measurement Life sciences NT: Animal structures Anesthesia Birds UF: Anaesthesia Bovine This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 22 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Cats Dinosaurs Anisotropic processing Dogs USE: Anisotropic Horses magnetoresistance Insects Marine animals Anisotropically Mice USE: Anisotropic Rabbits magnetoresistance Rats Rodents Anisotropy Wildlife USE: Anisotropic magnetoresistance Animation UF: Computer animation Annealing BT: Graphics UF: Annealing temperature RT: Computer graphics BT: Heat treatment Visual effects Materials processing Visualization RT: Simulated annealing NT: Facial animation Softening Thermal factors Animatronics NT: Rapid thermal annealing BT: Robotics and automation Annealing temperature Anisotropic USE: Annealing BT: Filters Annotations Anisotropic conductive films BT: BT: Conductive films RT: Text analysis

Anisotropic diffusion Announcements USE: Anisotropic USE: IEEE news magnetoresistance Anodes Anisotropic effects BT: Electrodes USE: Anisotropic RT: Electron tubes magnetoresistance Anomaly detection Anisotropic magnetoresistance UF: Outlier detection UF: Anisotropic diffusion BT: Data mining Anisotropic effects Anisotropic ANOVA magnetoresistance sensors USE: Analysis of variance Anisotropic material Anisotropic processing ANSI Anisotropically UF: American National Institute Anisotropy of Standads BT: Magnetoresistance BT: Standards organizations RT: ASA Anisotropic magnetoresistance sensors USE: Anisotropic ANSI Standards magnetoresistance BT: Standards publications RT: ASA Standards Anisotropic material IEEE Standards USE: Anisotropic ISO Standards magnetoresistance NT: National Electric Code This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 23 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Ant colony optimization Antenna theory BT: Probability BT: Antennas RT: Graph theory RT: Antenna radiation patterns Current distribution Antarctica Mode matching methods BT: Geoscience NT: Frequency selective NT: South Pole surfaces

Antenna accessories Antennas UF: Antenna components BT: Antennas and propagation BT: Antennas RT: Antenna feeds NT: Radomes Antenna measurements Beam steering Antenna arrays Butler matrices UF: Distributed antennas Fractals BT: Antennas IEEE 802.11n Standard RT: Broadband antennas Microstrip antenna arrays SIMO communication Radio communication SISO communication equipment NT: Adaptive arrays Spatial diversity Butler matrices Waveguide theory Linear antenna arrays NT: Antenna accessories Log periodic antennas Antenna arrays Microstrip antenna arrays Antenna radiation patterns Microwave antenna arrays Antenna theory Phased arrays Apertures Planar arrays Broadband antennas Dielectric resonator Antenna components antennas USE: Antenna accessories Dipole antennas Directional antennas Antenna diversity Directive antennas USE: Spatial diversity Feeds Fractal antennas Antenna feeds Helical antennas BT: Feeds Horn antennas RT: Antennas Leaky wave antennas Aperture coupled antennas Loaded antennas Log-periodic dipole Antenna measurements antennas BT: Measurement Microstrip antennas RT: Anechoic chambers Microwave antennas Antennas Mobile antennas Electromagnetic Multifrequency antennas measurements Omnidirectional antennas Patch antennas Antenna phased arrays Radar antennas USE: Phased arrays Receiving antennas Rectennas Antenna radiation patterns Reflector antennas UF: Radiation pattern Satellite antennas BT: Antennas Slot antennas RT: Antenna theory Steerable antennas NT: Near-field radiation pattern Transmission line antennas This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 24 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Transmitting antennas Malware UHF antennas Security Yagi-Uda antennas Antibacterial Antennas and propagation USE: Antibacterial activity RT: Communication systems Communications Antibacterial activity technology UF: Anti-bacterial Signal processing Antibacterial NT: Antennas BT: Antibiotics Electromagnetic propagation Antibiotics Radio astronomy UF: Anti-biotics BT: Drugs Anthropometry NT: Anti-fungal BT: Measurement Anti-parasitical RT: Biomechanics Antibacterial activity Biomedical measurement Ergonomics Antidepressants Human factors BT: Drugs

Anthropomorphism Antiderivatives BT: Human factors USE: Integral equations

Anti freeze Antiferroelectric materials USE: Anti-freeze USE: Dielectric materials

Anti-bacterial Antiferromagnetic materials USE: Antibacterial activity BT: Magnetic materials RT: Antiferromagnetic Anti-biotics resonance USE: Antibiotics Antiferromagnetic resonance Anti-freeze BT: Magnetic resonance UF: Anti freeze RT: Antiferromagnetic materials Antifreeze BT: Chemical compounds Antifreeze RT: Methanol USE: Anti-freeze

Anti-fungal Antifreeze materials UF: Antifungal USE: Coolants BT: Antibiotics Antifungal Anti-parasitical USE: Anti-fungal UF: Antiparasitical BT: Antibiotics Antimony BT: Chemical elements Anti-reflective coatings USE: Antireflection coatings Antiparasitical USE: Anti-parasitical Anti-virus software BT: Software Antireflection coatings RT: Computer viruses UF: Anti-reflective coatings Countermeasures Antireflective coatings (computer) BT: Coatings This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 25 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Optical reflection RT: Software defined networking Antireflective coatings NT: Restful API USE: Antireflection coatings WebRTC

AODV Application security UF: Ad hoc On Demand BT: Computer security Distance Vector BT: Ad hoc networks Application software Wireless networks BT: Software

AOI Application specific integrated circuits USE: Information age UF: ASIC Custom integrated circuits Apache hadoop Semicustom integrated USE: Cluster computing circuits BT: Circuits Apache spark Integrated circuits USE: Cluster computing RT: AI accelerators Analog processing circuits APCVD CMOS logic circuits USE: Atmospheric pressure Field programmable analog chemical vapor deposition arrays NT: System-on-chip APDs USE: Avalanche photodiodes Application specific processors BT: Program processors Aperture antennas BT: Apertures Application virtualization RT: Aperture coupled antennas UF: Cross platform virtualization Reflector antennas Cross-platform virtualization BT: Computer applications Aperture coupled antennas RT: Emulation BT: Apertures Network function RT: Antenna feeds virtualization Aperture antennas Simulation Microstrip antenna arrays NT: Microstrip antennas Applicators Apertures BT: Production equipment BT: Antennas RT: Agricultural machinery RT: Couplers Labeling NT: Aperture antennas Aperture coupled antennas Appraisal BT: Human resource Appearance matching management USE: Image matching RT: Incentive schemes Personnel Appliances USE: Home appliances Appropriate technology BT: Technology Application programming interfaces RT: Microhydro power UF: Mobile application Picohydro power development BT: Computer interfaces Approximate computing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 26 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Computers and information USE: Arc discharges processing Arc lamps Approximation algorithms USE: BT: Algorithms Arc-flash Approximation error USE: Arc discharges BT: Approximation methods Archaea Approximation methods BT: Organisms UF: Approximation theory BT: Numerical analysis Architectural description languages RT: Least squares USE: Architecture description approximations languages Minimization methods Signal representation Architecture NT: Approximation error BT: Industries Chebyshev approximation RT: Building information Curve fitting management Extrapolation Buildings Function approximation Structural engineering Interpolation Linear approximation Architecture (computer) Mean square error methods USE: Computer architecture Perturbation methods Architecture description languages Approximation theory UF: Architectural description USE: Approximation methods languages BT: Computer languages Aquaculture UF: Fisheries Arctic BT: Agriculture BT: Geoscience RT: Marine animals NT: North Pole

Aquatic robots Area measurement UF: Swimming robots BT: Measurement BT: Robots RT: Size measurement

Aquatic vehicles Argon USE: Underwater vehicles UF: Ar BT: Gases Ar USE: Argon Arificial intelligence chips USE: AI accelerators Arc discharges UF: Arc flash Arithmetic Arc-flash BT: Mathematics BT: Dielectric breakdown NT: Digital arithmetic RT: Electrostatic discharges Fixed-point arithmetic High intensity discharge Floating-point arithmetic lamps Light sources Armature Plasmas BT: Electromechanical devices

Arc flash Armpit This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 27 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Axilla RT: Power system protection Power system transients Arms Varistors BT: Extremities NT: Wrist Arsenic BT: Chemical elements Arms (robotic) NT: Arsenic compounds USE: Manipulators Arsenic compounds ARPANET UF: Arsenite UF: Advanced Research Arsine Projects Agency Network BT: Arsenic DARPANET BT: Communication systems Arsenite RT: Internet USE: Arsenic compounds Packet switching Arsine ARQ USE: Arsenic compounds USE: Automatic repeat request Art Array BT: Graphics USE: Arrays RT: Computer graphics Layout Array processing Photorealism USE: Arrays AND NT: Digital art Parallel processing Fractal art

Array signal processing Arterial blood circulation UF: Beamforming BT: Arteries BT: Signal processing RT: Acoustic arrays Arterial blood pressure Acoustic transducers BT: Arteries Adaptive arrays Blind source separation Arterial occlusion Direction-of-arrival BT: Arteries estimation Signal resolution Arterial pressure Source separation USE: Blood pressure Time of arrival estimation Arterial wall structures Arrayed waveguide gratings USE: Arteries UF: AWG device BT: Optical waveguides Arterial walls RT: Demultiplexing USE: Arteries Integrated optics Multiplexing Arteries UF: Arterial wall structures Arrays Arterial walls UF: Array Artery Array processing BT: Blood vessels BT: Data structures NT: Arterial blood circulation NT: Sensor arrays Arterial blood pressure Arterial occlusion Arresters Carotid arteries BT: Surge protection This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 28 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Arteriography Machine ethics USE: Angiography Minimax techniques Natural languages Arteriosclerosis Neural networks BT: Diseases Neurocontrollers NT: Atherosclerosis Pervasive computing Coronary arteriosclerosis Posthuman Prediction theory Artery Radial basis function USE: Arteries networks Robot learning Arthritis Semantic Web BT: Diseases Software agents Support vector machines Artificial bee colony algorithm Synapses UF: ABC algorithms NT: AI accelerators BT: Algorithms Affective computing RT: Cooperative systems Autonomous robots Optimization Bio-inspired computing Particle swarm optimization Cognitive systems Search problems Context awareness Cooperative systems Artificial biological organs Decision support systems UF: Artificial organs Intelligent systems BT: Prosthetics Knowledge based systems RT: Biological systems Knowledge engineering NT: Artificial heart Learning (artificial Artificial limbs intelligence) Learning systems Artificial fibers Machine learning USE: Synthetic fibers Prediction methods Virtual artifact Artificial fibres USE: Synthetic fibers Artificial limbs BT: Artificial biological organs Artificial heart Prosthetics BT: Artificial biological organs Artificial neural networks Artificial immune systems BT: Neural networks BT: Immune system RT: Mathematical model Neuromorphic engineering Artificial intelligence Synapses UF: AI NT: Convolutional neural BT: Computational and artificial networks intelligence Hebbian theory RT: Autonomous automobiles Long short term memory Autonomous vehicles Residual neural networks Computational intelligence Self-organizing feature Data mining maps Feedforward neural networks Artificial organs Generative adversarial USE: Artificial biological organs networks Independent component Artificial satellites analysis BT: Aerospace engineering This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 29 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Satellite communication Assemblers (program) Satellites USE: Program processors Space technology Space vehicles Assembly NT: Earth Observing System BT: Manufacturing Low earth orbit satellites RT: Assembly systems Military satellites Manipulators Space stations Manufacturing automation NT: Fitting ASA Microassembly UF: American Standards Preforms Association Soldering BT: Standards organizations RT: ANSI Assembly robots USE: Robotic assembly ASA Standards BT: Standards publications Assembly systems RT: ANSI Standards BT: Industrial electronics Manufacturing Ash Production systems BT: Industrial waste RT: Assembly RT: Air pollution Fitting Exhaust gases Industrial control Incineration Manipulators Volcanic ash Manufacturing automation NT: Fly ash Mobile robots Robots Asia NT: Flexible electronics BT: Continents Robotic assembly

ASIC Asset management USE: Application specific UF: Asset-management integrated circuits BT: Management NT: Public infrastructure ASK USE: Amplitude shift keying Asset-management USE: Asset management Ask IEEE BT: Document delivery Assisted living Information services BT: Medical services RT: Aging Asphalt Fall detection UF: Bitumen Geriatrics BT: Building materials Senior citizens NT: Ambient assisted living Asphyxia BT: Death Assistive devices BT: Assistive technology Aspirin RT: Ambient assisted living BT: Drugs Assistive robotics ASR USE: Rehabilitation robotics USE: Automatic speech recognition Assistive technologies BT: Fall detection This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 30 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Solar system Assistive technology UF: Aids for the handicapped Astrophysics Handicapped aids BT: Astronomy BT: Biomedical equipment Physics RT: Communication aids RT: Gravity measurement Gaze tracking NT: Dark matter Gerontechnology Orbits Medical control systems Stellar dynamics Orthotics Prosthetics Asymptotic stability Rehabilitation robotics BT: System analysis and design Sensory aids RT: Discrete-time systems Sign language Eigenvalues and Wearable robots eigenfunctions NT: Assistive devices Stability Closed captioning Video description Asynchronous circuits Wheelchairs BT: Circuits

Association rules Asynchronous communication BT: Data mining BT: Data communication RT: Web services Associative memory UF: Content addressable Asynchronous transfer mode memory BT: Data communication BT: Memory Protocols RT: Neural networks RT: B-ISDN Broadband communication Associative processing ISDN BT: Data processing Multiprotocol label RT: Computers and information switching processing SONET

Astatine Atherosclerosis BT: Chemical elements BT: Arteriosclerosis

Asthma Atmosphere USE: Respiratory system BT: Geoscience RT: Atmospheric Astrochemistry measurements UF: Planetary chemistry Meteorology BT: Chemistry NT: Air quality Atmospheric modeling Astronomy Atmospheric waves BT: Science - general RT: Extraterrestrial Atmospheric measurements measurements BT: Measurement Gamma-ray detectors RT: Air pollution Telescopes Air quality NT: Astrophysics Altimetry Extrasolar planets Atmosphere Gravitational waves Geophysical measurements Observatories Global warming Radio astronomy Meteorology This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 31 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Pressure gauges Remote sensing Atomic energy Terrestrial atmosphere USE: Nuclear power generation

Atmospheric modeling Atomic force microscopy BT: Atmosphere BT: Microscopy Modeling RT: Casimir effect Magnetic force microscopy Atmospheric pressure chemical vapor Nanotechnology deposition Scanning microwave UF: APCVD microscopy BT: Chemical vapor deposition Atomic frequency standards Atmospheric sintering USE: Atomic clocks USE: Materials preparation Atomic lasers Atmospheric waves USE: Gas lasers BT: Atmosphere Waves Atomic layer deposition BT: Chemical vapor deposition Atmospheric-pressure plasmas BT: Plasmas Atomic measurements BT: Measurement Atom lasers RT: Nuclear measurements UF: Single atom lasers Radiation detectors BT: Lasers Spectroscopy RT: Atom optics Atomic beams Atomic optics Gas lasers USE: Atom optics

Atom optics ATPG UF: Atomic optics USE: Automatic test pattern BT: Particle beam optics generation RT: Atom lasers Atomic beams Atrial fibrillation BT: Fibrillation Atomic batteries UF: Nuclear batteries Atrophy Tritium batteries BT: Medical conditions BT: Energy conversion Nuclear power generation Attenuation NT: Radioisotope thermoelectric UF: Acoustic wave attenuation generators Electromagnetic wave attenuation Atomic beams Light attenuation BT: Particle beams BT: Propagation RT: Atom lasers RT: Attenuation measurement Atom optics Attenuators Diagnostic radiography Atomic clocks Insertion loss UF: Atomic frequency standards BT: Clocks Attenuation measurement RT: Frequency measurement BT: Electric variables International Atomic Time measurement Masers RT: Attenuation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 32 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Loss measurement Music NT: 3D audio Attenuators Audio tapes BT: Signal processing Audio-visual systems RT: Attenuation Auditory displays NT: Optical attenuators Headphones Immersive audio Attitude control Loudspeakers BT: Aerospace control Microphones RT: Position control Pitch control (audio) Portable media players Attitude determination Sonification USE: Position measurement Video description

ATV Audio tapes USE: HDTV BT: Audio systems

Au Audio user interfaces USE: Gold UF: Auditory icons BT: User interfaces Audible noise RT: Multimedia computing USE: Acoustic noise Audio visual systems Audio coding USE: Audio-visual systems BT: Encoding Information theory Audio watermarking RT: MPEG 7 Standard USE: Watermarking Rate distortion theory Speech coding Audio-visual instructional aids USE: Educational technology Audio compression BT: Data compression Audio-visual systems UF: Audio visual systems Audio Audiovisual systems BT: systems BT: Audio systems RT: File systems RT: Educational technology Multimedia databases Audiovisual systems Audio enhancement USE: Audio-visual systems USE: Acoustic signal processing AND Auditory displays Noise reduction BT: Audio systems Communication equipment Audio recording RT: Aerospace and electronic BT: Recording systems Communication aids Audio restoration USE: Acoustic noise Auditory icons USE: Audio user interfaces Audio systems UF: Phonographs Auditory implants Sound systems UF: Auditory midbrain implants Stereophonic systems BT: Implants BT: Consumer electronics RT: Digital audio broadcasting Auditory midbrain implants This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 33 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Auditory implants Multimedia systems Web design Auditory system UF: Hearing Authoring tools BT: Anatomy USE: Authoring systems RT: Biomedical acoustics Chatbot Authorisation Head USE: Authorization Hearing aids Psychoacoustics Authorization NT: Psychoacoustic models UF: Authorisation BT: Access control Augmented reality RT: Privacy BT: Programming Virtual reality Autism RT: Digital representation BT: Medical conditions Digital transformation Digital twin Auto-pilot Extended reality USE: Autopilot Mixed reality Network slicing Autobiographies NT: 3D audio UF: Memoirs Immersive audio BT: Biographies Immersive experience Spatial augmented reality Autocorrelation X reality BT: Correlation RT: Signal analysis Augmented virtuality Time series analysis BT: Virtual reality Automata Austenite UF: Finite state machines UF: Gamma phase iron BT: Robots BT: Iron alloys RT: Cognitive systems RT: Materials science and Cybernetics technology Intelligent systems Smart materials NT: Turing machines

Australia Automated guided vehicles BT: Continents USE: Autonomous vehicles

Authentication Automated highways BT: Computer security BT: Automation RT: Blockchain Intelligent transportation CAPTCHAs systems Image processing RT: Road safety Interactive systems Smart transportation Password Video signal processing Automated indexing NT: Multi-factor authentication USE: Machine assisted indexing

Authoring systems Automated meter reading UF: Authoring tools USE: Automatic meter reading BT: Software tools RT: Computer aided instruction Automated storage and retrieval systems Courseware USE: Storage automation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 34 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Automatic control Automatic Test Markup Language BT: Control systems USE: XML NT: Power generation control Automatic test pattern generation Automatic frequency control UF: ATPG BT: Frequency control BT: Automatic testing RT: Design automation Automatic gain control NT: Test pattern generators USE: Gain control Automatic testing Automatic generation control UF: Self testing BT: Automation BT: Automation Control systems Testing Power generation RT: Automatic test equipment Maintenance engineering Automatic indexing NT: Automatic test pattern USE: Machine assisted indexing generation Ring generators Automatic logic units BT: Microprocessors Automatic voltage control UF: AVC Automatic meter reading BT: Voltage control UF: Automated meter reading RT: Voltage BT: Meter reading Voltage measurement RT: Flowmeters Smart meters Automation BT: Robotics and automation Automatic optical inspection RT: Bagging BT: Inspection Biometrics (access control) RT: Machine vision Flash memories Manufacturing automation Home automation Pattern recognition Information technology Substation automation Automatic pilot Zigbee USE: Autopilot NT: Automated highways Automatic generation Automatic programming control UF: Program generators Automatic testing BT: Programming Building automation Manufacturing automation Automatic protection switching Office automation USE: Protection switching Storage automation Vehicular automation Automatic repeat request UF: ARQ Automobile engineering BT: Feedback communications USE: Automotive engineering

Automatic speech recognition Automobile manufacture UF: ASR BT: Manufacturing systems BT: Speech recognition RT: Automobiles Automotive components Automatic test equipment Automotive engineering BT: Test equipment Automotive materials RT: Automatic testing Die casting This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 35 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Engines Automotive electronics Tires BT: Automotive engineering Wheels Automotive engineering Automobile materials UF: Automobile engineering USE: Automotive materials Automotive BT: Vehicular and wireless Automobile parts technologies USE: Automotive components RT: Automobile manufacture Automobiles Automobiles Automotive components UF: Diesel engines BT: Road vehicles Road safety RT: Automobile manufacture Wheels Automotive components NT: Automotive applications Automotive engineering Automotive electronics Automotive materials Power steering Vehicle crash testing Automotive Vehicle detection USE: Automotive engineering Vehicle driving Vehicle dynamics Automotive applications Vehicle safety BT: Automotive engineering Automotive materials Automotive components UF: Automobile materials UF: Air bags BT: Production materials Airfoils RT: Automobile manufacture Automobile parts Automobiles Radiators (automotive) motors (automotive) Autonomic nervous system Windscreen wipers BT: Nervous system Windscreens NT: Parasympathetic nervous Windshield wipers system Windshields Sympathetic nervous BT: Mechanical products system RT: Automobile manufacture Automobiles Autonomic systems Automotive engineering BT: Network operating systems Axles Belts Autonomous aerial vehicles Brakes BT: Unmanned autonomous vehicles Gears Hoses Autonomous agents Internal combustion BT: Software agents engines Shock absorbers Autonomous automobiles Steering systems UF: Autonomous cars Suspensions (mechanical Driver free automobiles systems) Driver free cars Tires Driver-free Torque converters Driverless automobiles Water pumps Driverless cars Wheels Robot automobiles Robot cars This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 36 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Self-driving automobiles RT: Artificial intelligence Self-driving car Mechatronics BT: Intelligent transportation Multi-agent systems systems Vehicular automation Mobile robots NT: Unmanned autonomous RT: Artificial intelligence vehicles

Autonomous cars Autopilot USE: Autonomous automobiles UF: Auto-pilot AND Automatic pilot Autonomous vehicles BT: Control systems

Autonomous driving Autopsy USE: Autonomous vehicles BT: Medical diagnosis RT: Pathology Autonomous mental development BT: Computational and artificial Autoregressive moving average models intelligence USE: Autoregressive processes

Autonomous navigation Autoregressive processes USE: Autonomous robots UF: Autoregressive moving average models Autonomous robots Box Jenkins models UF: Autonomous navigation BT: Statistics BT: Artificial intelligence RT: Noise Autonomous systems Time series analysis Robots RT: Cognitive robotics Auxetic materials Intelligent robots UF: Auxetics BT: Materials Autonomous systems BT: Intelligent systems Auxetics Robotics and automation USE: Auxetic materials NT: Autonomous robots Autonomous vehicles Auxiliary transmitters BT: Transmitters Autonomous trucks USE: Autonomous vehicles Availability UF: System availability Autonomous underwater vehicles BT: Reliability UF: Underwater autonomous RT: Maintenance engineering vehicles BT: Unmanned autonomous Avalanche breakdown vehicles BT: Electric breakdown RT: Marine robots Avalanche photodiodes Autonomous vehicles UF: APDs UF: Automated guided vehicles BT: Photodiodes Autonomous cars RT: Optical fiber communication Autonomous driving Photomultipliers Autonomous trucks NT: Single-photon avalanche Unmanned autonomous diodes vehicle BT: Autonomous systems Avatars Intelligent vehicles BT: Graphical user interfaces This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 37 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Virtual reality Azimuthal current BT: Azimuth AVC USE: Automatic voltage control Azimuthal harmonics BT: Azimuth Avionics USE: Aerospace electronics Azimuthal plane BT: Azimuth Awards BT: IEEE indexing Azobenzene RT: IEEE Awards activities BT: Polymers RT: Smart materials AWG device USE: Arrayed waveguide gratings B-ISDN UF: Broadband ISDN AWGN BT: Broadband communication BT: Additive noise ISDN Gaussian noise RT: Asynchronous transfer White noise mode Data communication AWGN channels Frame relay BT: Gaussian channels Image communication RT: Intersymbol interference Multimedia communication White noise B-Spline Axilla USE: Splines (mathematics) UF: Armpit Underarm Ba BT: Shoulder USE: Barium

Axles Babies BT: Mechanical products USE: Pediatrics RT: Automotive components Wheels Baby USE: Pediatrics Axons BT: Nerve fibers Back RT: Action potentials BT: Body regions Myelin White matter Back propagation USE: Backpropagation Azimuth BT: Mathematics Background noise NT: Azimuthal angle BT: Acoustic noise Azimuthal component Azimuthal current Backplanes Azimuthal harmonics BT: Data buses Azimuthal plane Backpropagation Azimuthal angle UF: Back propagation BT: Azimuth Backward propagation Backwards propagation of Azimuthal component errors BT: Azimuth BT: Learning systems RT: Backpropagation algorithms This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 38 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Neural networks RT: Milling machines

Backpropagation algorithms Ball screws BT: Algorithms USE: Mechanical products RT: Backpropagation Ballasts Backscatter USE: Electronic ballasts BT: Reflection RT: Meteorological radar Ballistic magnetoresistance BT: Magnetoresistance Backscattering USE: Scattering Ballistic transport BT: Electron emission Backstepping NT: Electronic ballasts BT: Control nonlinearities Backtracking BT: Electromagnetic devices BT: Algorithm design and Impedance matching theory Microwave technology Backward propagation RT: Transmission lines USE: Backpropagation Bamboo Backwards propagation of errors BT: Natural fibers USE: Backpropagation Plants (biology)

Bacteria Band gap USE: Microorganisms USE: Photonic band gap

Bacterial content Band pass filters USE: Microorganisms USE: Band-pass filters

Bacterial infections Band-gap BT: Diseases USE: Photonic band gap

Bagging Band-pass filters BT: Packaging UF: BPF RT: Automation Band pass filters Packaging machines Bandpass filters Plastic packaging BT: Active filters RT: Frequency Baidu Signal processing USE: Web and internet services NT: Filter banks

Ball bearings Band-stop filters BT: Machinery USE: Notch filters RT: Mechanical bearings Metal products Bandgap Rolling bearings USE: Photonic band gap

Ball grid arrays Bandpass filters USE: Electronics packaging USE: Band-pass filters

Ball milling Bandwidth BT: Production BT: Frequency This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 39 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Admission control BT: Barium Coherence time RT: Alloying Computer network Yttrium barium copper management oxide Direct sequence spread spectrum communication Baroreceptor reflex Information theory USE: Baroreflex Radio communication Signal processing Baroreflex Spectral efficiency UF: Baroreceptor reflex Spectroscopy BT: Cardiovascular system NT: Narrowband Wideband Bars BT: Structural shapes Bandwidth allocation NT: Billets USE: Channel allocation Basal cell carcinoma Bandwidth efficiency USE: Skin cancer USE: Spectral efficiency Basal ganglia Bang bang control BT: Brain USE: Bang-bang control Base stations Bang-bang control BT: Radio communication UF: Bang bang control equipment BT: Optimal control RT: Device-to-device RT: Time factors communication Femtocell networks Banking NT: Femtocells BT: Financial industry RT: Finance Baseball NT: Online banking USE: Sports

Bankruptcy Baseband BT: Finance BT: Digital communication RT: Business Radio communication Commercial law RT: Passband Economics Basis algorithms Bar codes BT: Algorithms UF: QR codes BT: Optical detectors Batch manufacturing Product codes USE: Batch production systems RT: Internet of Things Inventory management Batch processing USE: Batch production systems Barges USE: Boats Batch production systems UF: Batch manufacturing Barium Batch processing UF: Ba BT: Manufacturing systems BT: Metals NT: Barium compounds Bathymetry BT: Measurement Barium compounds Sea floor This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 40 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Batteries Bayes methods UF: Flow batteries UF: Bayesian approach Secondary cells Bayesian belief networks Storage batteries Bayesian estimation Storage battery Bayesian inference BT: Electrochemical devices Bayesian learning Energy conversion Bayesian methods Energy storage Bayesian networks RT: Battery charge BT: Probability measurement RT: Belief propagation Battery chargers Relevance vector machines Emergency power supplies NT: Naive Bayes methods Lithium Recursive estimation Lithium compounds Power generation Bayesian approach Uninterruptible power USE: Bayes methods systems NT: Lead acid batteries Bayesian belief networks Lithium batteries USE: Bayes methods Lithium-ion batteries Lithium-sulfur batteries Bayesian estimation Nickel cadmium batteries USE: Bayes methods Solid state batteries Bayesian inference Battery charge measurement USE: Bayes methods BT: Charge measurement RT: Batteries Bayesian learning Battery chargers USE: Bayes methods Battery powered vehicles Bayesian methods Battery chargers USE: Bayes methods UF: Charging devices Device chargers Bayesian networks BT: Power supplies USE: Bayes methods RT: Batteries Battery charge BCI measurement USE: Brain-computer interfaces Charging stations NT: Electric vehicle charging Beak State of charge BT: Animal structures RT: Birds Battery management systems BT: Electrochemical devices Beam steering BT: Microwave technology Battery powered vehicles RT: Antennas BT: Electric vehicles NT: Steerable antennas RT: Battery charge measurement Beamforming Charging stations USE: Array signal processing Energy storage Hybrid electric vehicles Beams Solar powered vehicles UF: Electromagnetic beams Traction motors BT: Physics Vehicle-to-grid NT: Acoustic beams This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 41 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Laser beams Pumps Molecular beams Vacuum systems Optical beams Particle beams Belts UF: Cambelts Bean model Seat belts UF: Pry and Bean model BT: Machine components BT: Superconductivity Machinery RT: Automotive components Bearing estimation Camshafts USE: Direction-of-arrival Fasteners estimation Bench to bedside Behavioral sciences USE: Translational research BT: Social sciences Systems, man, and Benchmark problems cybernetics USE: Benchmark testing RT: Affective computing Bio-inspired computing Benchmark tasks Cyberethics USE: Benchmark testing Digital intelligence Emotion recognition Benchmark testing Ergonomics UF: Benchmark problems Human factors Benchmark tasks Medical services Benchmarking Mental health BT: Testing Persuasive systems RT: Performance evaluation Social computing System dynamics Benchmarking NT: Animal behavior USE: Benchmark testing Cognition Consumer behavior Bending Psychiatry BT: Mechanical factors Psychology Social intelligence Benign masses USE: Benign tumors Belief functions USE: Evidence theory Benign tumors UF: Benign masses Belief propagation BT: Tumors UF: Sum product message passing BER BT: Inference mechanisms USE: Bit error rate RT: Bayes methods Evidence theory BER analysis Graph theory USE: Bit error rate Iterative methods Markov processes BER performance Message passing USE: Bit error rate Probability Berkelium Bellows BT: Chemical elements BT: Mechanical products RT: Berry phase Pneumatic systems BT: Waves This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 42 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Bipolar transistor circuits BERT USE: Bit error rate Bicycles BT: Land vehicles Beryllium RT: Sports equipment BT: Chemical elements Bidirectional communication Bespoke production USE: Bidirectional control USE: Job production systems Bidirectional control Best practices UF: Bidirectional BT: Management communication Quality assurance Bidirectional reflectance RT: Business communication BT: Control systems Enterprise architecture management Bidirectional power flow BT: Power system control Beta rays BT: Nuclear physics Bidirectional reflectance RT: Electrons USE: Bidirectional control

Betavoltaic power sources Bifurcation USE: Radioactive materials BT: Nonlinear equations RT: Chaos Bevel gears USE: Gears Big Data BT: Data collection Beverage industry RT: Data handling BT: Industries Data mining RT: Bottling systems Food industry Information management Information processing Beyond CMOS Information retrieval BT: Integrated circuit technology Neuroinformatics NoSQL databases BI NT: Big Data applications USE: Business intelligence Big Data applications Bi BT: Big Data USE: Bismuth Computer applications RT: Bi-stable circuits Data analysis USE: Bistable circuits Data systems Information analysis Bibliographies Information systems BT: Writing RT: Publishing Bilinear systems USE: Nonlinear systems Bibliometrics BT: Publishing Billets NT: Citation analysis BT: Bars

BiCMOS integrated circuits Bills of materials UF: BiMOS integrated circuits BT: Inventory management This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 43 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Materials requirements BT: Bio-inspired engineering planning Bio-inspired engineering BIM UF: Biologically inspired USE: Building information engineering management BT: Engineering - general RT: Biology BiMOS integrated circuits Biomimetics USE: BiCMOS integrated circuits Complex systems NT: Bio-inspired computing Binary codes Bio-inspired control BT: Codes Bio-inspired robotics NT: Reflective binary codes Bio-inspired robotics Binary decision diagrams UF: bioinspired robotics BT: Data structures BT: Bio-inspired engineering Robots Binary phase shift keying UF: BPSK Bio-MEMs Binary phase-shift keying USE: Biomedical BT: Phase shift keying microelectromechanical systems

Binary phase-shift keying Bio-nanotechnology USE: Binary phase shift keying USE: Bionanotechnology

Binary search trees Bioacoustics BT: Binary trees USE: Biomedical acoustics

Binary sequences Bioceramics BT: Sequences BT: Biological materials Biomedical materials Binary trees Ceramics BT: Tree data structures RT: Ceramics industry NT: Binary search trees Prosthetics

Bio-computing Biochemical analysis USE: Bio-inspired computing BT: Biochemistry RT: Biochips Bio-inspired computing UF: Bio-computing Biochemistry Biocomputing UF: Enzymes Bioinspired computing Hormones Biologically inspired Metabolic networks computing Metabolism BT: Artificial intelligence BT: Biology Bio-inspired engineering Chemistry RT: Behavioral sciences RT: Biological cells Biology Bioreactors Machine learning Cell signaling Mathematics Computational biochemistry Neural networks Drugs Social factors Entomology Molecular biophysics Bio-inspired control Pharmaceutical technology UF: Biologically inspired control Pharmaceuticals This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 44 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Amino acids Biofeedback Biochemical analysis USE: Biological control systems Peptides Proteins Biofuels Receptor (biochemistry) BT: Fuels RT: Food waste Biochips BT: Molecular biology Biogeography RT: Biochemical analysis BT: Biodiversity Microfluidics NT: Digital microfluidic biochips Biographies BT: Writing Biocomputing RT: Engineering profession USE: Bio-inspired computing NT: Autobiographies

Biocontrol Biohazards USE: Biological control systems UF: Germ warfare BT: Hazards Biocybernetics RT: Chemical hazards USE: Cybernetics Green products Medical treatment Biodegradable materials Terrorism BT: Biodegradation Bioimpedance Biodegradation BT: Biomedical engineering BT: Environmental Current management RT: Blood flow RT: Waste management NT: Biodegradable materials Bioinformatics UF: Biomedical informatics Biodiversity Health informatics BT: Biology BT: Biomedical computing NT: Biogeography Informatics RT: Biology Bioelectric phenomena Computational biochemistry UF: Bioelectronics Computational biology Electrobiology Computational biophysics BT: Biology NT: Neuroinformatics RT: Brain Electrical accidents Bioinspired computing Electroencephalography USE: Bio-inspired computing Electromyography Electrooculography bioinspired robotics Nervous system USE: Bio-inspired robotics NT: Electric shock Biological cells Bioelectric potentials UF: Cell biology USE: Action potentials Chromosomes BT: Biology Bioelectronics RT: Biochemistry USE: Bioelectric phenomena Biological materials Biomembranes Bioengineering DNA USE: Biomedical engineering Microorganisms Self-assembly This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 45 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Cell signaling RT: Biological cells Cells (biology) Biomedical materials Chromosome mapping Fats Endothelial cells Tissue engineering Fibroblasts NT: Bioceramics RNA Stem cells Biological membranes USE: Biomembranes Biological clocks USE: Chronobiology Biological neural networks UF: Neuronal networks Biological control systems BT: Neural networks UF: Biocontrol Neurophysiology Biofeedback BT: Systems, man, and Biological organs cybernetics USE: Biological systems RT: Immune system Legged locomotion Biological processes Prosthetics BT: Biology NT: Biomarkers NT: Biological interactions Chronobiology Biological effects of protons Circadian rhythm USE: Proton effects Coagulation Molecular biology Biological effects of radiation Symbiosis UF: Biological radiation effects BT: Radiation effects Biological radiation effects RT: Biomedical applications of USE: Biological effects of radiation radiation Neutron capture therapy Occupational health Biological sensors Proton therapy USE: Biosensors Radiation protection Biological system modeling Biological EPR BT: Biology USE: Electron paramagnetic RT: Mechanobiology resonance Synthetic biology

Biological information theory Biological systematics BT: Biology USE: Systematics Information theory RT: DNA Biological systems Genetic communication UF: Biological organs Organs (biological) Biological interactions BT: Biology BT: Biological processes RT: Animals Artificial biological organs Biological macromolecules Biomedical engineering USE: Molecular biophysics NT: Anatomy Molecular communication Biological markers (telecommunication) USE: Biomarkers Organisms

Biological materials Biological techniques BT: Materials BT: Biomedical engineering This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 46 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Biomedical equipment Physiology Predator prey systems Biological tissue Synthetic biology USE: Biological tissues Systematics Systems biology Biological tissues Vegetation UF: Biological tissue Zoology Tissues BT: Anatomy Biology computing NT: Bone tissue BT: Biology Breast tissue RT: Biomedical computing Cardiac tissue Computers and information Connective tissue processing Glands Neoplasms Bioluminescence BT: Luminescence Biologically inspired computing USE: Bio-inspired computing Biomagnetics UF: Biomagnetism Biologically inspired control BT: Biophysics USE: Bio-inspired control Magnetics RT: Biomedical engineering Biologically inspired engineering Magnetic fields USE: Bio-inspired engineering Magnetic materials Magnetic particles Biology NT: Magnetoencephalography BT: Engineering in medicine and biology Biomagnetism Science - general USE: Biomagnetics RT: Bio-inspired computing Bio-inspired engineering Biomarkers Bioinformatics UF: Biological markers Computational biology Human disease markers Immune system BT: Biological control systems Life sciences Biomedical measurement NT: Biochemistry NT: Molecular biomarkers Biodiversity Bioelectric phenomena Biomass Biological cells BT: Renewable energy sources Biological information theory Biomechanics Biological processes BT: Mechanical factors Biological system modeling RT: Anthropometry Biological systems Cell signaling Biology computing Entomology Biophotonics Mechanobiology Biophysics Wearable robots Cryobiology NT: Fall detection Evolution (biology) Genetics Biomechatronics Homeostasis BT: Mechatronics Mechanobiology Microbiology Biomedical acoustics Microinjection UF: Bioacoustics Nanobioscience Biomedical ultrasonics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 47 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Acoustics Picture archiving and RT: Acoustic applications communication systems Acoustic measurements Signal processing Auditory system NT: Bioinformatics Medical expert systems Biomedical applications of electromagnetic Medical information radiation systems USE: Biomedical applications of radiation Biomedical electrodes BT: Biomedical equipment Biomedical applications of radiation RT: Biomedical engineering UF: Biomedical applications of Biomedical measurement electromagnetic radiation Electrophysiology Radiation therapy BT: Biomedical engineering Biomedical electronics Nuclear and plasma BT: Biomedical engineering sciences RT: Biomedical equipment RT: Angiocardiography Biological effects of Biomedical engineering radiation UF: Bioengineering Biomedical imaging BT: Engineering in medicine Cancer and biology Collimators RT: Biological systems Computed tomography Biomagnetics Gamma-ray detectors Biomedical electrodes Medical treatment Biomedical engineering Positron emission education tomography Biomedical monitoring Radiation effects Biomedical optical imaging Radiography Colloidal lithography Synchrotron radiation Genetic communication Genetic engineering Biomedical communication Hospitals BT: Communication systems Microfluidics Engineering in medicine Orthotics and biology NT: Bioimpedance RT: Fall detection Biological techniques Medical devices Biomedical applications of Nanocommunication radiation (telecommunication) Biomedical electronics Picture archiving and Biomedical signal communication systems processing Point of care Biotechnology NT: Biomedical telemetry Cloning Telemedicine Drug delivery Neural engineering Biomedical computing Protein engineering UF: Medical computing Tissue engineering BT: Engineering in medicine Translational research and biology RT: Biology computing Biomedical engineering education Biomedical signal BT: Engineering education processing RT: Biomedical engineering Computer applications Biomedical equipment This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 48 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Clinical equipment NT: Imaging phantoms Medical equipment Motion artifacts BT: Engineering in medicine Neuroimaging and biology Radiographic image RT: Biological techniques enhancement Biomedical electronics Radiology Biomedical measurement Radiomics Biomedical Ultrasonography microelectromechanical systems Whole body imaging Collimators Electrocardiography Biomedical imaging Electroencephalography UF: Biomedical X-ray imaging Endomicroscopy Medical imaging Insulin pumps Tomosynthesis Medical control systems BT: Engineering in medicine Medical robotics and biology Molecular biophysics Imaging Nanosensors RT: Biomedical applications of Needles radiation Orthotics Biomedical image Prosthetics processing Sensory aids Data visualization Speech synthesis Isosurfaces Surgery Medical diagnosis Zigbee Molecular biophysics NT: Assistive technology Nanobiophotonics Biomedical electrodes Picture archiving and Biomedical telemetry communication systems Biomedical transducers Radiation imaging Catheters Tomography Endoscopes Ultrasonic imaging Gerontechnology NT: Angiocardiography Hypodermic needles Angiography Implants Biomedical optical imaging Intracranial pressure Cardiography sensors DICOM Lithotriptors Elastography Medical devices Encephalography Medical instruments Mammography Pacemakers Medical diagnostic imaging Pulse oximeter Molecular imaging Stethoscope Phantoms Surgical instruments Photoacoustic imaging Ventilators Biomedical informatics Biomedical image processing USE: Bioinformatics UF: Medical image processing BT: Biomedical signal Biomedical infrared imaging processing USE: Biomedical optical imaging RT: Biomedical imaging Biomedical optical imaging Biomedical instruments Functional magnetic USE: Biomedical measurement resonance imaging Magnetoencephalography Biomedical materials Subtraction techniques BT: Materials This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 49 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Biological materials Optical communication Diamond-like carbon equipment Molecular biophysics Optical devices NT: Bioceramics Biomembranes Biomedical signal processing BT: Biomedical engineering Biomedical measurement RT: Biomedical computing UF: Biomedical instruments Fall detection Biomedical measurements Neurophysiology BT: Measurement Time-frequency analysis RT: Anthropometry NT: Biomedical image Biomedical electrodes processing Biomedical equipment Biosensors Biomedical telemetry Pulse oximetry UF: Biotelemetry NT: Biomarkers BT: Biomedical communication Biomedical monitoring Biomedical equipment Electroencephalography Telemetry Electromyography Electrooculography Biomedical transducers Electrophysiology BT: Biomedical equipment Photoplethysmography Transducers Plethysmography Pulse oximeter Biomedical ultrasonics Reproducibility of results USE: Biomedical acoustics Sensitivity and specificity Biomedical X-ray imaging Biomedical measurements USE: Biomedical imaging USE: Biomedical measurement Biomembranes Biomedical microelectromechanical systems UF: Biological membranes UF: Bio-MEMs Membranes BT: Micromechanical devices BT: Biomedical materials RT: Biomedical equipment RT: Biological cells

Biomedical monitoring Biometric systems BT: Biomedical measurement USE: Biometrics (access control) RT: Biomedical engineering Epidemiology Biometrics (access control) Phonocardiography UF: Biometric systems NT: Nanomedicine BT: Identification of persons RT: Access control Biomedical MRI Algorithms USE: Magnetic resonance Automation imaging Handwriting recognition Information technology Biomedical optical imaging Security UF: Biomedical infrared imaging Speaker recognition BT: Biomedical imaging NT: Face recognition RT: Biomedical engineering Fingerprint recognition Biomedical image Gait recognition processing Iris recognition Endomicroscopy Keystroke dynamics Endoscopes Palmprint recognition Infrared imaging This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 50 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Biomimetic materials BT: Chemical reactors BT: Biomimetics RT: Biochemistry Smart materials Biorthogonal modulation Biomimetic microelectronics BT: Wavelet transforms USE: Biomimetics Biosensors Biomimetics UF: Biological sensors UF: Biomimetic microelectronics BT: Chemical and biological Biomimicry sensors Bionics RT: Biomedical measurement BT: Microprocessors Nanobiophotonics RT: Bio-inspired engineering Whale optimization Biosphere algorithms BT: Environmental factors NT: Biomimetic materials Geoscience

Biomimicry Biotechnology USE: Biomimetics BT: Biomedical engineering RT: Genetic engineering Biomolecular electronics USE: Molecular electronics Biotelemetry USE: Biomedical telemetry Biomolecules USE: Molecular biophysics Bioterrorism BT: Engineering in medicine Bionanotechnology and biology UF: Bio-nanotechnology Terrorism BT: Engineering in medicine and biology Bipartite graph Nanotechnology BT: Graph theory

Bionics Biped locomotion USE: Biomimetics USE: Legged locomotion

Biophotonics Bipolar integrated circuits BT: Biology BT: Bipolar transistor circuits Photonics RT: Bipolar transistors

Biophysics Bipolar transistor circuits BT: Biology BT: Circuits Physics RT: Parameter extraction RT: Computational biophysics NT: BiCMOS integrated circuits NT: Aerospace biophysics Bipolar integrated circuits Biomagnetics Cellular biophysics Bipolar transistors Molecular biophysics BT: Power semiconductor switches Biopolymers RT: Bipolar integrated circuits BT: Polymers Proton radiation effects Semiconductor epitaxial Biopsy layers BT: Medical tests Transistors NT: Insulated gate bipolar Bioreactors transistors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 51 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Kirk field collapse effect Bit error rate test USE: Bit error rate Birds BT: Animals Bit interleaved coded RT: Beak USE: Interleaved codes

Birefringence Bit rate BT: Optics UF: Bit allocation RT: Photorefractive effect Bitrate Photorefractive materials BT: Timing Refractive index RT: Communication system Thermooptic effects signaling Computer networks Birth disorders Signal processing BT: Amniocentesis Bit-interleaved coded Bismuth USE: Interleaved codes UF: Bi BT: Metals Bitcoin RT: Bismuth compounds BT: Cryptocurrency RT: Blockchain Bismuth compounds Cryptography UF: BSCCO Finance BT: Compounds Online banking RT: Alloying Bismuth Bitrate USE: Bit rate BIST USE: Built-in self-test Bitumen USE: Asphalt Bistability (optical) USE: Optical bistability Bixby USE: Virtual assistants Bistable circuits UF: Bi-stable circuits Black lead BT: Circuits USE: Graphite NT: Latches BlackBerry Bistable multivibrator USE: Handheld computers USE: Pulse circuits Blacklist Bistatic radar USE: Blacklisting BT: Radar Blacklisting Bit allocation UF: Blacklist USE: Bit rate BT: Access control RT: Computer security Bit error rate Countermeasures UF: BER (computer) BER analysis Whitelists BER performance BERT Bladder Bit error rate test BT: Urogenital system BT: Error analysis Blades This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 52 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Vanes BT: Mechanical products Blindness RT: Agricultural machinery BT: Medical conditions Cutting tools RT: Visual prosthesis Fans Impellers Blob detection Propellers BT: Computer vision Turbomachinery Image processing RT: Feature extraction Blanking BT: Manufacturing systems Block chain RT: Metal products USE: Blockchain Metals Sheet metal processing Block codes UF: Block coding Blast furnaces BT: Channel coding BT: Furnaces RT: Mobile communication RT: Smelting NT: Linear codes Polar codes Bleaching BT: Materials processing Block coding RT: Manufacturing systems USE: Block codes Paper making Process control Block signaling Textile technology USE: Block signalling

Bleeding Block signalling USE: Hemorrhaging UF: Block signaling Signaling block systems Blended learning Signalling block systems USE: Hybrid learning BT: Control systems Railway communication Blind channel estimation RT: Collision avoidance USE: Blind equalizers Rail transportation

Blind equalisers Blockchain USE: Blind equalizers UF: Block chain BT: Computer applications Blind equalizers RT: Authentication UF: Blind channel estimation Bitcoin Blind equalisers Computer security BT: Equalizers Content management Cryptocurrency Blind signal separation Cryptography USE: Blind source separation Data collection Directed acyclic graph Blind source separation Distributed ledger UF: Blind signal separation Proof of Work BT: Source separation NT: Consensus protocol RT: Adaptive signal detection Array signal processing Blogging Independent component USE: Blogs analysis Signal analysis Blogs Signal detection UF: Blogging This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 53 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Twitter IEEE 802.11g Standard Weibo IEEE 802.11n Standard BT: Information retrieval IEEE 802.15 Standard RT: Electronic mail Land mobile radio Internet Protocols Social networking (online) Spread spectrum communication Blood Wireless LAN BT: Blood vessels Wireless communication NT: Blood platelets Zigbee Coagulation Red blood cells BNCT White blood cells USE: Neutron capture therapy

Blood clots BNSC USE: Coagulation UF: British National Space Centre Blood flow BT: Organizations BT: Blood pressure RT: Bioimpedance Boat building industry NT: Hemodynamics USE: Shipbuilding industry

Blood platelets Boats BT: Blood UF: Barges RT: Coagulation Yachts BT: Marine vehicles Blood pressure RT: Marine robots UF: Arterial pressure BT: Blood vessels Body area networking NT: Blood flow USE: Body area networks Blood pressure measurement Body area networks Blood pressure variability UF: Body area networking BT: Personal area networks Blood pressure measurement BT: Blood pressure Body borne computers USE: Wearable computers Blood pressure variability BT: Blood pressure Body regions BT: Anatomy Blood vessels NT: Abdomen BT: Cardiovascular system Back RT: Endothelial cells Breast NT: Arteries Extremities Blood Head Blood pressure Neck Veins Pelvis Perineum Bluetooth Thorax BT: Personal area networks Torso Radio communication Viscera RT: Cellular radio Communication equipment Body sensor networks Digital communication BT: Personal area networks IEEE 802.11 Standard Wireless sensor networks This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 54 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Fall detection Bone diseases BT: Diseases Boilers NT: Osteoarthritis BT: Heating systems Osteoporosis RT: Heat recovery Steam engines Bone mineral density Turbines USE: Bone density Waste heat Bone tissue Bolometers BT: Biological tissues BT: Radiation detectors RT: Bones RT: Infrared detectors NT: Cancellous bone Temperature measurement Cortical bone

Bolts Bones USE: Fasteners BT: Skeleton RT: Bone tissue Boltzmann distribution Skull BT: Statistics NT: Bone density NT: Lattice Boltzmann methods Pelvic bones

Boltzmann equation Bonuses UF: Boltzmann transport USE: Incentive schemes equation BT: Equations Book reviews BT: IEEE indexing Boltzmann transport equation USE: Boltzmann equation Boolean algebra BT: Algebra Bomb RT: Logic USE: Weapons Logic gates Set theory Bonding NT: Boolean functions BT: Bonding processes RT: Manufacturing Boolean functions Materials processing BT: Boolean algebra NT: Adhesives RT: Fault trees NT: Logic functions Bonding forces BT: Materials testing Boosting BT: Machine learning Bonding processes Supervised learning BT: Fabrication Joining processes Booting RT: Soldering BT: Operating systems Welding NT: Bonding Boring Diffusion bonding BT: Machining Wafer bonding RT: Drilling Milling Bone density Turning UF: Bone mineral density BT: Bones Boron RT: Density measurement BT: Chemical elements Metals This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 55 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Fertilizers NT: Boron alloys Box Jenkins models USE: Autoregressive processes Boron alloys BT: Boron BPF RT: Magnetic materials USE: Band-pass filters

Boron neutron capture therapy BPR USE: Neutron capture therapy USE: Business process re- engineering Bot (Internet) UF: WWW robot BPSK Web robot USE: Binary phase shift keying BT: Computer applications Internet Brachial World Wide Web USE: Brachytherapy RT: Crawlers Brachytherapy Botnet UF: Brachial BT: Interconnected systems BT: Medical treatment Internet RT: Radiation effects Software agents RT: Computer crime Bragg gratings Distributed denial-of-service UF: Fiber Bragg gratings attack Fiber-Bragg gratings Robots BT: Filters Optical devices Bottling RT: Diffraction BT: Packaging Diffraction gratings RT: Beverage industry Laser beams Glass products Light deflectors Packaging machines Optical beams Plastic products Optical transmitters Temperature sensors Boundary conditions Wavelength division BT: Boundary value problems multiplexing NT: Upper bound NT: Fiber gratings

Boundary element methods Brain USE: Boundary-element methods BT: Nervous system RT: Bioelectric phenomena Boundary value problems Cerebrospinal fluid BT: Mathematics Cognition RT: Partial differential equations Cognitive informatics NT: Boundary conditions Cognitive science Diffusion tensor imaging Boundary-element methods Electroencephalography UF: Boundary element methods Encephalography BT: Partial differential equations Head RT: Integral equations Intracranial pressure Method of moments sensors Magnetoencephalography Bovine Soma BT: Animals Synapses NT: Cows White matter This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 56 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Amygdala Brain modeling Basal ganglia UF: Brain modelling Brain cells BT: Brain Brain injuries Modeling Brain modeling Brain ventricles Brain modelling Brainstem USE: Brain modeling Cerebellum Cerebral cortex Brain plasticity Cerebrum USE: Neuroplasticity Corpus callosum Forebrain Brain stem Frontal lobe USE: Brainstem Hindbrain Hypothalamus Brain stem implants Limbic system USE: Brainstem implants Midbrain Neural activity Brain stimulation Neural implants BT: Medical treatment Neurodynamics NT: Deep brain stimulation Neurophysiology Neuropsychology Brain ventricles Neurotechnology BT: Brain Occipital Lobe Parietal lobe Brain-computer interaction Primary motor cortex USE: Brain-computer interfaces Sleep Temporal lobe Brain-computer interfaces Thalamus UF: BCI Ventricle system Brain computer interfaces Virtual artifact Brain interfaces Brain machine interfaces Brain cells Brain-computer interaction BT: Brain Brain-computer-interfaces Brain-machine interfaces Brain computer interfaces Mind-machine interfaces USE: Brain-computer interfaces BT: User interfaces RT: Neural engineering Brain implants USE: Neural implants Brain-computer-interfaces USE: Brain-computer interfaces Brain injuries BT: Brain Brain-machine interfaces Injuries USE: Brain-computer interfaces

Brain interfaces BrainLobe USE: Brain-computer interfaces USE: Frontal lobe

Brain machine interfaces Brainstem USE: Brain-computer interfaces UF: Brain stem BT: Brain Brain mapping BT: Nervous system Brainstem implants NT: Neuroimaging UF: Brain stem implants BT: Implants This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 57 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Breast tissue Brakes BT: Control systems Breast tumor Mechanical products USE: Breast tumors RT: Automotive components Breast tumors Brand management UF: Breast tumor BT: Marketing management Breast tumour RT: Market research Breast tumours Product development BT: Breast Tumors Brazing BT: Soldering Breast tumour RT: Welding USE: Breast tumors

Breadboard Breast tumours UF: Plugboard USE: Breast tumors Solderless breadboard BT: Electronic circuits Breast-cancer Prototypes USE: Breast cancer

Breakdown Bremsstrahlung USE: Electric breakdown BT: Electromagnetic radiation

Breakdown voltage Bridge circuits BT: Voltage BT: Circuits RT: Current RT: Rectifiers Diodes Insulators Bridges BT: Structural shapes Breast RT: Civil engineering BT: Body regions Structural engineering NT: Breast biopsy Transportation Breast cancer Breast tissue Brightness Breast tumors BT: Optics NT: Brightness temperature Breast biopsy BT: Breast Brightness temperature BT: Brightness Breast cancer UF: Breast-cancer Brillouin scattering BT: Breast BT: Scattering Cancer Bring your own device Breast neoplasms UF: BYOD UF: Mammary neoplasms BT: Information technology BT: Neoplasms RT: Mobile computing Office automation Breast tissue Personnel UF: Breast tissues Security BT: Biological tissues Smart phones Breast British National Space Centre Breast tissues USE: BNSC This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 58 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Web TV Broadband amplifiers UF: Wideband amplifiers Broadcasts BT: Amplifiers USE: Broadcasting Broadband communication Bromine Broadband antennas BT: Chemical elements UF: Wideband antennas NT: Bromine compounds BT: Antennas RT: Antenna arrays Bromine compounds Microstrip UF: Organobromine compounds Microwave propagation BT: Bromine UHF propagation Chemical compounds NT: Ultra wideband antennas RT: Flame retardants Vivaldi antennas Bronchi Broadband communication USE: Respiratory system UF: Broadband networks BT: Communication systems Bronchoscopy RT: Asynchronous transfer BT: Medical diagnosis mode Cable TV Brownian motion Frequency division UF: Fractional brownian motion multiaccess BT: Random processes IEEE 802.16 Standard RT: Diffusion processes IPTV Multimedia communication Browsers Optical fiber communication UF: Google Chrome Ultra wideband Web browsers communication BT: Computer interfaces Video on demand RT: User interfaces NT: B-ISDN Broadband amplifiers Brushes BT: Contacts Broadband ISDN RT: Rotating machines USE: B-ISDN Brushless DC motors Broadband networks UF: Brushless USE: Broadband communication motors BT: Brushless motors Broadcast technology DC motors NT: Broadcasting Brushless direct current motors Broadcasting USE: Brushless DC motors UF: Broadcasts BT: Broadcast technology Brushless machines RT: Entertainment industry BT: Electric machines Journalism NT: Digital audio broadcasting Brushless motors Digital multimedia BT: Motors broadcasting RT: Switched reluctance motors Digital video broadcasting NT: Brushless DC motors Motion pictures Radio broadcasting BSCCO Satellite broadcasting USE: Bismuth compounds This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 59 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Building information Buck converters management BT: DC-DC power converters Building integrated photovoltaics Buckeyballs UF: Building-integrated USE: Fullerenes photovoltaics Roof mounted photovoltaics Buckminsterfullerene Roof mounted solar cell USE: Fullerenes arrays BT: Photovoltaic systems Buckyballs RT: Building services USE: Fullerenes Solar power generation

Buckytubes Building management systems USE: Fullerenes BT: Buildings Management Buffer layers RT: Building information BT: Thin films management RT: Diffusion processes Semiconductor films Building materials Semiconductor growth BT: Buildings Materials Buffer overflows RT: Aggregates BT: Computer crashes Construction Construction industry Buffer storage Prefabricated construction BT: Memory Structural beams RT: Data handling NT: Asphalt Telecommunication buffers Concrete NT: Computer buffers Floors Mortar Bugs Tiles USE: Computer bugs Windows

Building automation Building services BT: Automation BT: Buildings Building services RT: Access control RT: Construction industry Air conditioning Building information Building information management management UF: BIM Building integrated Building information photovoltaics modelling Furnaces BT: Buildings Lighting Modeling Space heating RT: Architecture Wiring Building management NT: Building automation systems Elevators Building services Facilities management Design engineering Facilities management Building-integrated photovoltaics Project management USE: Building integrated Structural engineering photovoltaics

Building information modelling Buildings This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 60 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Space habitats BT: Object detection BT: Construction RT: Geophysical measurements RT: Air conditioning Ground penetrating radar Architecture NT: Landmine detection Civil engineering Construction industry Buried objects Elevators USE: Buried object detection Escalators Industrial power systems Burnishing Lighting BT: Surface finishing Modular construction RT: Machining Prefabricated construction Smart cities Burst switching Space cooling BT: Packet switching Vents NT: Optical burst switching NT: Building information management Bushings Building management USE: Insulators systems Building materials Business Building services UF: Commerce Flexible structures Trade Intelligent structures BT: Engineering management Smart buildings RT: Bankruptcy Smart homes Business process integration Built-in self-test Business process UF: BIST management Self-testing Commercial law BT: Testing Consortia RT: Circuit testing Contracts Design for testability Employment Enterprise resource Bulk acoustic wave devices planning BT: Acoustic devices Finance RT: Film bulk acoustic Industrial communication resonators Industries International trade Bulk storage Leadership BT: Material storage Manufacturing RT: Containers Productivity Service computing Bundle adjustment NT: Business data processing BT: Three-dimensional displays Business intelligence Disruptive innovation Buoyancy Entrepreneurship BT: Fluid dynamics Franchising RT: Fluids Industrial relations Physics Management Operations research Buried object detection Organizations UF: Buried objects Underground object Business communication detection BT: Organizational aspects Underground objects RT: Best practices This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 61 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Business writing Business continuity USE: Writing BT: Management RT: Security Butler matrices System recovery UF: Butler matrix Venture capital BT: Antenna arrays RT: Antennas Business data processing IEEE 802.11 Standard BT: Business Phase shifters Data processing Wireless LAN RT: Data governance Information processing Butler matrix USE: Butler matrices Business intelligence UF: BI Butter BT: Business USE: Dairy products Data analysis RT: Competitive intelligence Buttocks Data mining BT: Extremities Strategic planning BYOD Business organisation USE: Bring your own device USE: Organizational aspects C languages Business organization BT: Computer languages USE: Organizational aspects RT: Object oriented programming Business process integration NT: C# languages BT: Enterprise resource C++ languages planning Process planning C sharp languages RT: Business USE: C# languages Resource management Supply chain management C# languages Systems engineering and UF: C sharp languages theory BT: C languages RT: Object oriented Business process management programming BT: Management Process planning C++ languages RT: Business BT: C languages Resource management Supply chain management C-band Systems engineering and BT: Microwave bands theory NT: Task analysis Ca USE: Calcium Business process re-engineering UF: BPR Cable insulation BT: Management BT: Insulation RT: Corporate acquisitions RT: Cables Organizational aspects Oil filled cables Total quality management NT: Power cable insulation WS-BPEL Cable shielding This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 62 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Electromagnetic shielding Rapid prototyping RT: Cables Virtual manufacturing

Cable splicing Cadmium USE: Splicing BT: Metals NT: Cadmium compounds Cable TV UF: Community antenna Cadmium compounds television BT: Cadmium BT: TV RT: Broadband communication CAE Image communication USE: Computer aided NT: Must-carry engineering

Cables Caesium BT: Transmission lines USE: Cesium RT: Cable insulation Cable shielding CAI Conductors USE: Computer aided instruction Fault location Winches Calcination Wiring BT: Heat treatment NT: Coaxial cables RT: Kilns Communication cables Mechanical cables Calcium Optical fiber cables UF: Ca Power cables BT: Metals Underwater cables RT: Alloying NT: Calcium compounds Cables (mechanical) USE: Mechanical cables Calcium carbonate USE: Calcium compounds Cache memory BT: Memory Calcium compounds NT: Cache storage UF: Calcium carbonate Calcium phosphate Cache storage BT: Calcium BT: Cache memory RT: Computer buffers Calcium phosphate USE: Calcium compounds CAD USE: Design automation Calculators BT: Computers Cadaver RT: Digital arithmetic UF: Corpse NT: Difference engines BT: Pathological processes Calculus CADCAM BT: Mathematics BT: Computer aided NT: Differential equations manufacturing Integral equations Design automation Level set RT: Computer integrated manufacturing Calibration Integrated manufacturing UF: Intercalibration systems BT: Measurement techniques This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 63 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Mechanical power Californium transmission BT: Chemical elements NT: Camshafts

Call admission control Camshafts BT: Telecommunication BT: Cams congestion control Shafts RT: Internet telephony RT: Automotive components Belts Call conference Engines BT: Collaborative tools Canadian Standards Association Callosal commissure USE: CSA Group USE: Corpus callosum Cancellous bone Calorimetry BT: Bone tissue BT: Measurement RT: Osteoporosis RT: Energy measurement Thermal variables Cancer measurement UF: Malignancy Malignant CAM BT: Diseases USE: Computer aided RT: Biomedical applications of manufacturing radiation Chemotherapy CAMAC Medical diagnostic imaging UF: Computer automated Oncological surgery measurement and control Oncology BT: Control systems Single photon emission RT: Data buses computed tomography Data communication Tumors Data processing NT: Breast cancer Nuclear measurements Cervical cancer Lung cancer Cambelts Metastasis USE: Belts Ovarian cancer Prostate cancer Camcorders Skin cancer USE: Video equipment Cancer detection Cameras BT: Medical tests BT: Imaging RT: Digital photography Cancer drugs Image capture BT: Drugs Image sensors Motion pictures Cancer treatment Photography BT: Medical treatment Photorealism NT: Digital cameras Canning Smart cameras BT: Packaging Webcams RT: Containers Material storage Cams Materials handling BT: Machine components Materials processing RT: Engines This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 64 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Cantilever beams Position control USE: Structural beams Sensors

Cap and trade Capacitor testing USE: Emissions trading USE:

Cap-and-trade Capacitors USE: Emissions trading UF: Capacitor testing Electric condensers Capability engineering BT: Dielectric devices BT: Systems engineering and Electronic components theory Voltage multipliers RT: Capacitance Capability maturity model Capacitance measurement BT: Software engineering Dielectric constant RT: Software performance Electrets Software reusability MOS capacitors Q-factor Capability-based security Switched capacitor BT: Security networks RT: Access control NT: Power capacitors Varactors Capacitance BT: Electric variables Capacity planning RT: Capacitance measurement BT: Production planning Capacitance-voltage RT: Supply chain management characteristics NT: Storage management Capacitive transducers Capacitors Capital cost reduction Supercapacitors USE: Costing Transmission line theory NT: Parasitic capacitance CAPTCHAs Quantum capacitance BT: Symbols RT: Access protocols Capacitance measurement Authentication BT: Electric variables measurement Carbinol RT: Capacitance USE: Methanol Capacitors Dielectric measurement CarboFullerene Supercapacitors USE: Fullerenes

Capacitance-voltage characteristics Carbon BT: Electric variables BT: Chemical elements RT: Capacitance RT: Carbon compounds Voltage Low-carbon economy Organic compounds Capacitive sensors NT: Carbon nanotubes UF: Strain based sensors Diamond Strain sensors Fullerenes BT: Mechanical sensors Graphene Graphite Capacitive transducers BT: Transducers Carbon capture and storage RT: Capacitance BT: This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 65 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Carbon sequestration RT: CNTFETs

Carbon compounds Carbon sequestration BT: Organic compounds BT: Carbon capture and RT: Carbon storage NT: Carbon dioxide RT: Air pollution Carbon emissions Environmental factors Global warming Greenhouse effect Carbon dioxide BT: Carbon compounds Carbon tax RT: Carbon footprint BT: Environmental economics Carbon tax RT: Carbon dioxide NT: Carbon capture and storage Carbon-nanotube USE: Carbon nanotubes Carbon emissions BT: Carbon compounds Carbon-nanotube FETs Gases USE: CNTFETs RT: Emissions trading Global warming Carbon-nanotube field effect transistors Greenhouse effect USE: CNTFETs Pollution control Carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors NT: Carbon footprint USE: CNTFETs

Carbon footprint Cardiac arrest BT: Carbon emissions UF: Cardiopulmonary arrest RT: Air pollution Heart arrest Carbon dioxide Heart attack Environmental factors BT: Cardiovascular diseases Greenhouse effect Cardiac disease Carbon monoxide BT: Cardiovascular diseases BT: Carbon compounds Cardiac function Carbon nanotube BT: Heart USE: Carbon nanotubes Cardiac tissue Carbon nanotube FETs BT: Biological tissues USE: CNTFETs Cardiology

Carbon nanotube field effect transistors Cardiography USE: CNTFETs BT: Biomedical imaging RT: Cardiology Carbon nanotube field-effect transistors Sputter etching USE: CNTFETs NT: Echocardiography Electrocardiography Carbon nanotubes Phonocardiography UF: Carbon nanotube Carbon-nanotube Cardiology Single-wall carbon BT: Medical specialties nanotubes RT: Cardiography BT: Carbon Defibrillation Nanotubes Heart This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 66 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Pacemakers Cartilage Phonocardiography BT: Musculoskeletal system NT: Cardiac tissue Cascade lasers Cardiopulmonary arrest USE: Quantum cascade lasers USE: Cardiac arrest Cascading style sheets Cardiovascular diseases BT: Style sheet languages BT: Diseases RT: Markup languages NT: Cardiac arrest Cardiac disease Casimir effect UF: Casimir energy Cardiovascular system Casimir force BT: Anatomy BT: Electric fields NT: Baroreflex Nanotechnology Blood vessels RT: Atomic force microscopy Heart Elementary particle vacuum Vacuum systems Career development BT: Education Casimir energy NT: Continuing education USE: Casimir effect Jobs listings Mentoring Casimir force USE: Casimir effect Careers USE: Engineering profession Cast iron BT: Iron Cargo handling RT: Casting USE: Freight handling Production materials

Carotid arteries Castellations UF: Carotoid arteries USE: Flip chip solder joints BT: Arteries Casting Carotoid arteries BT: Materials processing USE: Carotid arteries RT: Cast iron Foundries Carrier confinement NT: Die casting BT: Charge carrier processes Tape casting

Carrier density Catalysis USE: Charge carrier density BT: Chemical reactors NT: Electrocatalysis Carrier lifetime Photocatalysis USE: Charge carrier lifetime Catalysts Carrier processes BT: Materials USE: Charge carrier processes NT: Electrocatalysts Photocatalysts Carrier sense multiaccess USE: Multiaccess communication Catalytic converters USE: Exhaust systems Cars USE: Automobiles Catalytic convertors USE: Exhaust systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 67 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Klystrons Cataracts Microcavities BT: Eyes Resonance Medical conditions NT: Laser cavity resonators RT: Aging CCD Catheterization USE: Charge coupled devices BT: Medical services RT: Catheters CCD image sensors BT: Image sensors Catheters RT: Digital photography BT: Biomedical equipment RT: Catheterization CD recording Surgery UF: Compact disk BT: Optical recording ray tubes RT: Laser applications UF: CRT NT: CD-ROMs BT: Displays Electron devices CD-ROM RT: Flyback transformers USE: CD-ROMs

Cathode-ray oscilloscopes CD-ROM reviews USE: Oscilloscopes BT: IEEE indexing

Cathodes CD-ROMs UF: Photocathodes UF: CD-ROM BT: Electrodes BT: CD recording RT: Electron emission RT: Electronic publishing Electron tubes Information systems

Cats CDMA UF: Felines USE: Multiaccess communication BT: Animals Cell biology Cattle USE: Biological cells USE: Cows Cell clones Cause effect analysis USE: Cloning UF: Fishbone diagrams Ishikawa diagrams Cell phones BT: Process planning USE: Cellular phones RT: Expert systems Failure analysis Cell signaling Fault diagnosis UF: Cell signaling Pareto analysis BT: Biological cells Testing RT: Biochemistry Biomechanics Cavity perturbation methods Mechanobiology BT: Perturbation methods RT: Cavity resonators Cells (biology) BT: Biological cells Cavity resonators NT: Extracellular BT: Resonators Ganglia RT: Cavity perturbation Glial cells methods Membrane potentials This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 68 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Progenitor cells Film bulk acoustic resonators Cellular biophysics Intercell interference BT: Biophysics Location awareness RT: Molecular biophysics Multiuser detection Nanomedicine Network resource management Cellular land mobile radio Personal communication USE: Cellular radio networks Software radio Cellular manufacturing Time division synchronous BT: Manufacturing systems code division multiple access RT: Flexible manufacturing NT: Cellular networks systems Paging systems Production control Cellular technology Cellular networks BT: Mobile communication BT: Cellular radio Radio communication RT: Cellular technology RT: Cellular networks Cloud radio access NT: 3G mobile communication networks 4G mobile communication Device-to-device 5G mobile communication communication GSM Handover Land mobile radio networks NT: Femtocell networks Multiaccess communication Macrocell networks Microcell networks Cement industry Ultra-dense networks BT: Manufacturing industries

Cellular neural networks Censorship BT: Neural networks BT: Law RT: Consumer protection Cellular phones Government policies UF: Cell phones Law enforcement BT: Telephone equipment Legal factors

Cellular radio Central air conditioning UF: Cellular land mobile radio UF: Central air-conditioning Land mobile radio cellular BT: Air conditioning systems Land-mobile radio cellular Central air-conditioning systems USE: Central air conditioning BT: Land mobile radio RT: 3G mobile communication Central nervous system 4G mobile communication BT: Nervous system 5G mobile communication RT: Hypothalamus 6G mobile communication NT: Grey matter Bluetooth Midbrain Channel estimation White matter Code division multiplexing Cross layer design Central office Digital multimedia BT: Communication networks broadcasting Downlink Central Processing Unit UF: CPU This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 69 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Electronic circuits RT: Hardware acceleration Ceramics industry NT: VLIW BT: Manufacturing industries RT: Bioceramics Centralized control Ceramics UF: Integrated control Porcelain BT: Control systems Cerebellum Cepstral analysis BT: Brain BT: Acoustics RT: Music information retrieval Cerebral cortex Speech analysis BT: Brain Speech recognition NT: Cepstrum Cerebrospinal fluid Mel frequency cepstral BT: Fluids and secretions coefficient Spinal cord RT: Brain Cepstrum BT: Cepstral analysis Cerebrum RT: Fourier transforms BT: Brain

Ceramic glazes Cerenkov lasers BT: Glazes USE: Free electron lasers

Ceramic products Cerium BT: Manufactured products BT: Chemical elements RT: Ceramics Glass products Cermet Insulators BT: Composite materials Porcelain RT: Ceramics Tiles Metallic materials

Ceramics Certification UF: Glass ceramics BT: Training BT: Insulation RT: Conformance testing Materials RT: Aluminum oxide Cervical cancer Ceramic products BT: Cancer Ceramics industry Cermet Cesium Dielectric materials UF: Caesium Diffusion bonding BT: Chemical elements Electrets Firing CFD Glass USE: Computational fluid Glass products dynamics Glazes High-temperature CGM superconductors USE: Computer generated music Magnesium oxide Powders Chalcogenides Tape casting BT: Chemical compounds Tiles NT: Bioceramics Change detection algorithms Porcelain BT: Algorithms This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 70 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Optical fiber applications Channel allocation Rate distortion theory UF: Bandwidth allocation BT: Communication channels Channel state estimation NT: Spectral efficiency USE: Channel estimation

Channel bank filters Channel state information BT: Filters BT: Communication channels

Channel capacity Channel-state estimation BT: Communication channels USE: Channel estimation RT: Quantum communication Chaos Channel coding BT: Nonlinear systems BT: Encoding RT: Bifurcation Information theory Econophysics RT: Communication channels Fractals Convolutional codes Nonlinear circuits Polar codes Nonlinear dynamical Rate distortion theory systems Space-time codes Pattern formation NT: Block codes Predator prey systems Combined source-channel Random media coding NT: Chaotic communication Turbo codes Complexity theory Spatiotemporal phenomena Channel estimation UF: Channel state estimation Chaotic communication Channel-state estimation BT: Chaos BT: Communication channels RT: Cryptography RT: Cellular radio Synchronization Equalizers Time series analysis Land mobile radio Multipath channels Character generation Signal detection BT: Graphics Spread spectrum RT: Computer graphics communication Displays Printing Channel hot electron injection UF: Channel hot-electron Character recognition injection UF: Print readers BT: Hot carrier injection BT: Pattern recognition RT: Text recognition Channel hot-electron injection USE: Channel hot electron Characteristic mode analysis injection BT: Electromagnetic analysis

Channel models Charge carrier density BT: Communication channels UF: Carrier density BT: Charge carriers Channel rate control BT: Rate distortion theory Charge carrier lifetime UF: Carrier lifetime Channel spacing BT: Charge carriers BT: Communication channels This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 71 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Charge carrier mobility BT: Circuits BT: Charge carriers RT: Voltage multipliers

Charge carrier processes Charge transfer UF: Carrier processes BT: Charge carrier processes Charge carrier trapping Electron carriers Charge transfer devices Hole carriers USE: Charge coupled devices Semiconductor charge carriers Charge-coupled image sensors BT: Charge carriers BT: Image sensors RT: Diffusion processes Optoelectronic devices Semiconductor impurities NT: Carrier confinement Charge-injection devices Charge transfer USE: Charge coupled devices Electron mobility Electron traps Charge-pumping Excitons USE: Charge pumps Space charge Charge-transfer devices Charge carrier trapping USE: Charge coupled devices USE: Charge carrier processes Charged device model Charge carriers USE: Electrostatic discharges BT: Elementary particles RT: Conductivity Charging devices Impact ionization USE: Battery chargers Semiconductivity Semiconductor materials Charging stations NT: Charge carrier density BT: Power supplies Charge carrier lifetime RT: Battery chargers Charge carrier mobility Battery powered vehicles Charge carrier processes Electric vehicles Hot carriers Hybrid electric vehicles Plug-in hybrid electric Charge coupled devices vehicles UF: CCD Charge injection devices Chatbot Charge transfer devices BT: Human computer Charge-injection devices interaction Charge-transfer devices Natural language BT: MIS devices processing Speech synthesis Charge injection devices RT: Auditory system USE: Charge coupled devices Human factors

Charge measurement CHCP BT: Electrostatic measurements USE: Trigeneration RT: Pulsed electroacoustic methods Chebyshev approximation NT: Battery charge BT: Approximation methods measurement RT: Discrete cosine transforms

Charge pumps Checkpointing UF: Charge-pumping BT: System recovery This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 72 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Francium Cheese Gadolinium USE: Dairy products Hafnium Helium Chemical analysis Holmium BT: Chemistry Materials science and Iodine technology Iridium RT: Chemical technology Isotopes Drugs Krypton Fractionation Lutetium NT: Activation analysis (metals) Chemical processes Molybdenum Chemicals Neon Electronic noses Neptunium pH measurement Nitrogen Osmium Chemical and biological sensors BT: Sensors Phosphorus NT: Biosensors Plutonium Gas detectors Polonium Potassium Chemical compounds Praseodymium BT: Chemistry Promethium NT: Anti-freeze Protactinium Bromine compounds Radium Chalcogenides Radon Ethanol Rhenium Methanol Rhodium Radiotracer Roentgenium Rubidium Chemical elements Ruthenium BT: Chemicals Scandium Materials, elements, and Selenium compounds Sodium NT: Actinium Sulfur Aluminum Tantalum Americium Technetium Antimony Tellurium Arsenic Terbium Astatine Thallium Berkelium Thorium Beryllium Thulium Boron Titanium Bromine Uranium Californium Vanadium Carbon Ytterbium Cerium Yttrium Cesium Zirconium Chlorine Curium Chemical engineering Darmstadtium BT: Engineering - general Dysprosium RT: Chemical industry Europium Chemical products Fluorine Chemical technology This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 73 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Process design Plastic products Production materials Chemical hazards NT: Fats BT: Hazards Inhibitors RT: Biohazards Lacquers Contamination Mortar Explosions Paints Hazardous materials Petrochemicals Toxicology Petroleum NT: Toxic chemicals Pharmaceuticals Plastics Chemical industry Propellants BT: Industries RT: Chemical engineering Chemical reactors Chemical reactors UF: CSTR Chemical technology BT: Chemical technology Electrochemical processes RT: Chemical industry Petrochemicals Crystallizers Petroleum industry Process control Pipelines Water splitting Plastic products NT: Bioreactors Plastics industry Catalysis Rubber industry Continuous-stirred tank reactor Chemical lasers Ignition BT: Lasers RT: Gas lasers Chemical sensors NT: Chemical oxygen iodine BT: Chemical technology lasers RT: Detectors

Chemical mechanical planarisation Chemical technology USE: Planarization BT: Industry applications RT: Chemical analysis Chemical mechanical planarization Chemical engineering USE: Planarization Chemical industry Chemistry Chemical oxygen iodine lasers Decontamination BT: Chemical lasers Refining NT: Chemical reactors Chemical processes Chemical sensors BT: Chemical analysis Crystallizers NT: Leaching Distillation equipment Molecular sieves Fluidization Osmosis Pharmaceutical technology Oxidation Vitrification Reverse osmosis Solvents Chemical transducers Thermolysis BT: Transducers Water splitting RT: Gas detectors

Chemical products Chemical vapor deposition BT: Manufactured products UF: CVD RT: Chemical engineering BT: Plasma materials Chemistry processing Glass products RT: Coatings This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 74 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Epitaxial layers USE: Chip scale packaging Films NT: Atmospheric pressure Chip fabrication chemical vapor deposition USE: Chip scale packaging Atomic layer deposition MOCVD Chip scale packaging Pulsed laser deposition UF: CSP Chip design Chemicals Chip development BT: Chemical analysis Chip fabrication NT: Chemical elements Chip-making process BT: Electronics packaging Chemistry RT: Integrated circuit packaging BT: Science - general RT: Chemical products Chip-making process Chemical technology USE: Chip scale packaging Drugs Petrochemicals Chirp Pharmaceutical technology BT: Signal processing Pharmaceuticals Pickling Chirp modulation Plastic products UF: Linear frequency NT: Astrochemistry modulation Biochemistry BT: Modulation Chemical analysis RT: Sonar Chemical compounds Spread spectrum Electrochemistry communication Geochemistry Spread spectrum radar Inorganic chemicals Interstellar chemistry Chlorine Organic chemicals BT: Chemical elements Photochemistry NT: Chlorine compounds Quantum chemistry Chlorine compounds Chemotherapy UF: Chlorine dioxide BT: Medical treatment Chloroform RT: Cancer Hydrogen chloride Drugs Sodium chloride Medical services BT: Chlorine Oncology Patient monitoring Chlorine dioxide USE: Chlorine compounds Chest medicine USE: Pulmonology Chloroform USE: Chlorine compounds Child USE: Pediatrics Chokes USE: Inductors Children USE: Pediatrics Choppers (circuits) BT: Switching circuits Chip design RT: Power conversion USE: Chip scale packaging CHP Chip development USE: Cogeneration This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 75 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Chromatic dispersion Circuit analysis BT: Dispersion BT: Circuits RT: Frequency-domain analysis Chrome plating SPICE BT: Plating Sensitivity RT: Coatings Tolerance analysis Yield estimation Chromium NT: Circuit analysis computing UF: Cr Coupled mode analysis BT: Metals Nonlinear network analysis NT: Chromium alloys Circuit analysis computing Chromium alloys BT: Circuit analysis BT: Chromium Circuit boards Chromosome mapping USE: Printed circuits BT: Biological cells Circuit breakers Chromosomes BT: Switchgear USE: Biological cells RT: Interrupters Power system protection Chronobiology Protection UF: Biological clocks Switching circuits BT: Biological processes NT: Molded case circuit breakers CIM USE: Common Information Model Circuit CAD (computing) AND USE: Design automation Common Information Model (electricity) AND Circuit complexity Computer integrated USE: Complexity theory manufacturing Circuit design Cinema USE: Circuit synthesis USE: Motion pictures Circuit design (CAD) Cinematography USE: Design automation BT: Photography RT: Motion pictures Circuit design (logic) Object tracking USE: Logic design

Ciphers Circuit faults UF: Cyphers BT: Circuits BT: Cryptography NT: Electrical fault detection RT: Algorithms Codes Circuit feedback Encryption USE: Feedback circuits

Circadian rhythm Circuit layout CAD UF: Circadian rhythms USE: Design automation BT: Biological processes Circuit noise Circadian rhythms BT: Circuits USE: Circadian rhythm RT: Transmission lines This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 76 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Thermal noise NT: Current mirrors

Circuit optimisation Circuit tuning USE: Circuit optimization USE: Circuit optimization

Circuit optimization Circuits UF: Circuit optimisation BT: Circuits and systems Circuit performance RT: Flow graphs Circuit tuning Impedance matching BT: Optimization methods Oscillators RT: Tolerance analysis Phase transformers Poles and zeros Circuit performance Scattering parameters USE: Circuit optimization NT: Active circuits Adders Circuit simulation Analog circuits BT: Circuits Application specific RT: Design automation integrated circuits Semiconductor process Asynchronous circuits modeling Bipolar transistor circuits Bistable circuits Circuit stability Bridge circuits BT: Stability Charge pumps RT: Grounding Circuit analysis Jitter Circuit faults Circuit noise Circuit subsystems Circuit simulation BT: Solid state circuits Circuit synthesis RT: Circuits and systems Coprocessors Counting circuits Circuit synthesis Coupling circuits UF: Circuit design Digital circuits BT: Circuits Digital signal processors RT: Control system synthesis Distributed parameter Logic design circuits Solid state circuit design Driver circuits NT: High level synthesis Electronic circuits Integrated circuit synthesis Equivalent circuits Feedback Circuit testing Hybrid integrated circuits BT: Testing Integrated circuits RT: Built-in self-test Isolators NT: Integrated circuit Large scale integration measurements Linear circuits Logic arrays Circuit theory Logic circuits BT: Solid state circuits MOSFET circuits Magnetic circuits Circuit tolerance analysis Microprocessors USE: Tolerance analysis Microwave circuits Millimeter wave circuits Circuit topology Millimeter wave integrated BT: Digital circuits circuits RT: Graph theory Monolithic integrated Tree graphs circuits This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 77 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Multiplying circuits Neural circuits Circular polarization Nonlinear circuits USE: Polarization Passive circuits Phase shifters Circular waveguides Power dissipation BT: Electromagnetic Power integrated circuits waveguides Printed circuits Programmable circuits Circulators Programmable logic arrays BT: Ferrite devices Programmable logic Microwave technology devices RT: Electromagnetic coupling Pulse circuits Waveguide components Quantum circuit RLC circuits Circulatory system Radiation detector circuits UF: Vascular system Rail to rail operation BT: Anatomy Rectifiers Sampled data circuits Citation analysis Sequential circuits UF: Citation studies Silicon-on-insulator BT: Bibliometrics Submillimeter wave circuits Summing circuits Citation studies Switched circuits USE: Citation analysis Switching circuits Thick film circuits Cities and towns Thin film circuits USE: Urban areas Thyristor circuits Time varying circuits City Trigger circuits USE: Urban areas UHF circuits UHF integrated circuits City planning Ultra large scale integration USE: Urban planning VHF circuits Very large scale integration Civil engineering Voltage multipliers BT: Engineering - general Wafer scale integration RT: Bridges Buildings Circuits and systems Construction RT: Circuit subsystems Energy resources Formal verification Environmental factors Solid state circuits Power systems NT: Circuits Road transportation Contacts Roads Filtering Transmission lines Integrated circuit NT: Geotechnical engineering technology Geotechnical structures Logic devices Railway engineering Oscillators Structural engineering Single electron devices Tunable circuits and Cladistics devices USE: Phylogeny

Circular polarisation Clamping USE: Polarization USE: Clamps This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 78 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Clamps Clinical analysis UF: Clamping USE: Clinical diagnosis BT: Production equipment RT: Machine tools Clinical diagnosis Machining UF: Clinical analysis Clinical engineering Classification algorithms Clinical information BT: Algorithms BT: Medical services NT: Relevance vector machines RT: Point of care NT: Clinical neuroscience Classification tree analysis BT: Decision trees Clinical engineering RT: Formal concept analysis USE: Clinical diagnosis

Cleaning Clinical equipment BT: Materials handling USE: Biomedical equipment RT: Air cleaners Refining Clinical information NT: Purification USE: Clinical diagnosis Surface cleaning Clinical neuroscience Client model UF: Cloud security USE: Client-server systems BT: Clinical diagnosis Neuroscience Client server systems USE: Client-server systems Clinical trials BT: Medical treatment Client-server model USE: Client-server systems Clock synchronization USE: Synchronization Client-server systems UF: Client server model Clocks Client server systems BT: Time measurement Client-server model RT: Timing Clientserver systems NT: Atomic clocks BT: Watches Software architecture RT: Dew computing Clone Unified modeling language USE: Cloning NT: Middleware Servers Clones USE: Cloning Clientserver systems USE: Client-server systems Cloning UF: Cell clones Climate Clone USE: Meteorology Clones Human cloning Climate change Molecular clones BT: Environmental factors Reproductive cloning NT: Global warming BT: Biomedical engineering RT: DNA Climbing robots Stem cells BT: Mobile robots This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 79 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Closed captioning Network function BT: Assistive technology virtualization Communication aids Service computing RT: Media Software as a service TV Software defined networking Closed form solution Web services USE: Closed-form solutions NT: Cloud computing security Cloud gaming Closed loop systems Elastic computing UF: Closed-loop systems Platform as a service BT: Control systems RT: H infinity control Cloud computing security UF: Cloud security Closed-form expression BT: Cloud computing USE: Closed-form solutions Computer security

Closed-form solutions Cloud gaming UF: Closed form solution UF: Gaming on demand Closed-form expression BT: Cloud computing BT: Mathematics Games RT: Online services Closed-loop systems USE: Closed loop systems Cloud radio access networks BT: Network function Clothing virtualization UF: Garments Radio access networks BT: Consumer products RT: Cellular networks RT: Clothing industry Fabrics Cloud security Wool USE: Clinical neuroscience AND NT: Footwear Cloud computing security Protective clothing Cloud-dew architecture Clothing industry USE: Dew computing UF: Garment industry BT: Manufacturing industries Cloud-dew computing RT: Clothing USE: Dew computing Footwear Footwear industry Clouds Protective clothing BT: Terrestrial atmosphere Textile industry Cluster computing Clotting UF: Apache hadoop USE: Coagulation Apache spark Network of workstations Cloud computing Workstation clusters BT: Internet BT: Distributed computing RT: Big Data applications RT: Distributed processing Dew computing Message systems Distributed computing Parallel processing Edge computing Peer-to-peer computing Grid computing Resource management Internet of Things Workstations

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 80 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Clustering algorithms Power dissipation BT: Algorithms CMOS memory circuits Clustering methods UF: CMOS memory integrated BT: Pattern recognition circuits RT: Extreme learning machines BT: CMOS integrated circuits NT: Pattern clustering RT: Memory SRAM chips Clutter BT: Interference CMOS memory integrated circuits RT: Echo interference USE: CMOS memory circuits

CMM CMOS process USE: Coordinate measuring BT: CMOS technology machines CMOS technology CMOS analog integrated circuits BT: Integrated circuit UF: Analog CMOS integrated technology circuits RT: MOSFET Analogue CMOS integrated Microcontrollers circuits Microprocessors CMOS analogue integrated Transistors circuits NT: CMOS process BT: Analog integrated circuits Silicon on sapphire CMOS integrated circuits CMOSFET circuits CMOS analogue integrated circuits BT: MOSFET circuits USE: CMOS analog integrated RT: Rail to rail operation circuits CMOSFET logic devices CMOS digital integrated circuits BT: CMOSFETs BT: CMOS integrated circuits RT: MISFETs NT: CMOS logic circuits MOSFET P-i-n diodes CMOS image sensors BT: Image sensors CMOSFETs BT: MOSFET CMOS integrated circuits RT: CMOS integrated circuits BT: Integrated circuits Semiconductor-insulator RT: CMOSFETs interfaces Neuromorphic engineering NT: CMOSFET logic devices NT: CMOS analog integrated circuits CNC CMOS digital integrated USE: Computer numerical control circuits CMOS logic circuits CNFETs CMOS memory circuits USE: CNTFETs Transconductors CNTFETs CMOS logic circuits UF: CNFETs BT: CMOS digital integrated Carbon nanotube FETs circuits Carbon nanotube field CMOS integrated circuits effect transistors RT: Application specific Carbon nanotube field- integrated circuits effect transistors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 81 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Carbon-nanotube FETs Corrosion Carbon-nanotube field Films effect transistors Magnetic multilayers Carbon-nanotube field- Painting effect transistors Spraying BT: Field effect transistors Sputtering RT: Carbon nanotubes NT: Antireflection coatings Quantum capacitance Dip coating Epitaxial layers Co-channel interference Glazes USE: Interchannel interference Lacquers Paints Coagulate Powders USE: Coagulation Coaxial cables Coagulation BT: Cables UF: Blood clots RT: Electromagnetic Clotting waveguides Coagulate Transmission lines BT: Biological processes NT: Coaxial components Blood Hybrid fiber coaxial cables RT: Blood platelets Coaxial components Coal BT: Coaxial cables BT: Fuels RT: Coal gas Cobalt Coal mining BT: Metals RT: Alloying Coal gas Magnets UF: Coal gasification NT: Cobalt alloys Illumination gas Town gas Cobalt alloys BT: Gases BT: Cobalt RT: Coal RT: Alloying Fuels Cochannel interference Coal gasification USE: Interchannel interference USE: Coal gas Cochlear implants Coal industry BT: Implants BT: Industries RT: Ear RT: Coal mining Code division multiaccess Coal mining USE: Multiaccess communication BT: Mining industry RT: Coal Code division multiple access Coal industry USE: Multiaccess communication

Coal tar Code division multiplexed USE: Fuel processing industries USE: Code division multiplexing

Coatings Code division multiplexing BT: Materials processing UF: Code division multiplexed RT: Chemical vapor deposition OCDM Chrome plating This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 82 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Optical code division Space-time codes multiplexing Zero correlation zone BT: Communication switching Multiplexing Coding RT: Cellular radio USE: Encoding Codes Multicarrier code division Coding theory multiple access USE: Information theory Optical fiber applications Software radio Coercive force Spread spectrum UF: Coercivity communication BT: Magnetic forces

Code refractoring Coercivity UF: Refractoring USE: Coercive force BT: Encoding RT: Information theory Cogen Software engineering USE: Cogeneration

Code-division multiple access Cogeneration USE: Multiaccess communication UF: CHP Cogen Code-division multiple-access Combined heat and power USE: Multiaccess communication BT: Heating systems Power generation Codecs RT: Industrial power systems UF: Coder-decoders Trigeneration BT: Communication equipment Waste heat RT: Decoding Encoding Cogging NT: Speech codecs USE: Forging Video codecs Cognition Coder-decoders UF: Reasoning USE: Codecs BT: Behavioral sciences RT: Active perception Codes Brain UF: Parity check Cognitive systems BT: Information theory Digital intelligence RT: Ciphers Psychology Code division multiplexing NT: Activity recognition Cryptography Cognitive neuroscience Decoding Cognitive processes Encoding Self-aware Error correction Redundancy Cognitive computing Sequences USE: Cognitive systems Vector quantization NT: Binary codes Cognitive informatics Convolutional codes BT: Cybernetics Cyclic redundancy check Informatics codes RT: Brain Error correction codes Parity check codes Cognitive neuroscience Product codes BT: Cognition This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 83 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Neuroscience BT: Coherence Quantum mechanics Cognitive processes RT: Bandwidth BT: Cognition Electromagnetic scattering Quantum computing Cognitive radar Qubit BT: Adaptive systems Radar Coherent detection USE: Coherence Cognitive radio UF: Cognitive radio network Coilguns BT: Wireless communication BT: Electromagnetic launching

Cognitive radio network Coils USE: Cognitive radio UF: Electric coils BT: Electronic components Cognitive robotics RT: Electromagnets BT: Robots Generators RT: Autonomous robots Inductance Inductors Cognitive science Magnetic circuits UF: Mental models Motors BT: Cybernetics Rotating machines RT: Brain Transformers Computational and artificial Windings intelligence NT: Superconducting coils Human factors Inference mechanisms Cold plates Logic BT: Cooling Psychology Uncertainty Collaboration NT: Human intelligence BT: Professional Problem-solving communication RT: Collective intelligence Cognitive systems Cyber-physical systems UF: Cognitive computing Information sharing Reasoning Interoperability BT: Artificial intelligence Wikipedia Learning systems NT: Collaborative tools RT: Adaptive control Discussion forums Affective computing Teamwork Automata Virtual groups Cognition Cybernetics Collaborative filtering Fuzzy cognitive maps BT: Filtering theory Machine learning RT: Recommender systems

Coherence Collaborative intelligence UF: Coherent detection BT: Collaborative work BT: Electromagnetic scattering Multi-agent systems RT: Interference RT: Distributed management Quantum decoherence Intelligent systems NT: Coherence time Collaborative learning Coherence time USE: Collaborative work This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 84 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Particle accelerators Collaborative networking RT: Klystrons USE: Collaborative work Particle beams Synchrotrons Collaborative problem solving USE: Collaborative work Colliding beam devices BT: Nuclear and plasma Collaborative software sciences UF: Groupware RT: Particle accelerators BT: Collaborative tools NT: Colliding beam accelerators RT: Collaborative work Muon colliders Communication system software Collimators UF: Multileaf collimators Collaborative tools BT: Optical devices BT: Collaboration RT: Biomedical applications of NT: Call conference radiation Collaborative software Biomedical equipment Videoconferences Dosimetry Gamma-rays Collaborative work Linear accelerators UF: Collaborative learning Single photon emission Collaborative networking computed tomography Collaborative problem X-ray applications solving X-rays Cooperative work Federated learning Collision avoidance BT: Distributed computing UF: Collision detection RT: Collaborative software Obstacle avoidance Communication Sense and avoid effectiveness BT: Motion control Multimedia computing RT: Advanced driver assistance Professional systems communication Block signalling NT: Collaborative intelligence Lane departure warning Cooperative communication systems Crowdsourcing Lane detection Social computing Collision detection Collective bargaining USE: Collision avoidance USE: Industrial relations Collision mitigation Collective intelligence BT: Motion control BT: Decision making Intelligent systems Collision theory RT: Collaboration USE: Kinetic theory Crowdsensing Crowdsourcing Colloidal crystals Sociology BT: Crystals RT: Crystallizers Colleges USE: Educational institutions Colloidal lithography BT: Lithography Colliding beam accelerators Nanopatterning BT: Colliding beam devices RT: Biomedical engineering This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 85 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Nanobioscience UF: Combinational logic circuits Nanotopography BT: Logic circuits Polymers Surface treatment Combinational logic circuits Tissue engineering USE: Combinational circuits

Colloidal nanocrystals Combinatorial mathematics BT: Nanocrystals BT: Mathematics Optical materials NT: Graph theory Steiner trees Colon BT: Digestive system Combinatorial software testing NT: Colonic polyps USE: Combinatorial testing

Colonic polyps Combinatorial testing BT: Colon UF: Combinatorial software Tumors testing BT: Software testing Colonography RT: Design for testability BT: Medical diagnosis Combine harvesters Colonoscopy USE: Agricultural machinery BT: Medical tests NT: Virtual colonoscopy Combined heat and power USE: Cogeneration Color BT: Optics Combined heat, cooling and power RT: Electrochromism USE: Trigeneration Imaging Photochromism Combined heat, cooling, and power NT: Pigmentation USE: Trigeneration

Color blindness Combined source channel coding USE: Vision defects USE: Combined source-channel coding Color center lasers USE: Solid lasers Combined source-channel coding UF: Combined source channel Color TV coding BT: TV BT: Channel coding

Colored noise Combustion UF: Coloured noise BT: Oxidation BT: Noise RT: Exhaust gases NT: Plasma-assisted Colossal magnetoresistance combustion BT: Magnetoresistance Command and control systems Coloured noise UF: Military command and USE: Colored noise control BT: Aerospace and electronic Comb filters systems BT: Filters RT: Military communication

Combinational circuits Command languages This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 86 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Computer languages Communication channels Commerce UF: Air interface USE: Business Telecom channels Telecommunication Commercial law channels BT: Law BT: Information theory RT: Bankruptcy RT: Channel coding Business Communication systems Consumer products IEEE 802.11e Standard Consumer protection IEEE 802.11n Standard Economics Multicarrier code division multiple access Commercial power systems OFDM USE: Industrial power systems Synapses NT: Channel allocation Commercialization Channel capacity BT: Engineering management Channel estimation Channel models Common Information Model (computing) Channel spacing UF: CIM Channel state information BT: Analytical models Gaussian channels Information management Multipath channels RT: DMTF Standards Multiuser channels Information exchange Partial response channels Quantum channel Common Information Model (electricity) Throughput UF: CIM Time-varying channels BT: Information management Power transmission Communication complexity RT: IEC Standards USE: Complexity theory Information exchange Interoperability Communication effectiveness Open systems BT: Professional Unified modeling language communication RT: Collaborative work Communicable disease Cooperative communication USE: Infectious diseases Communication engineering education Communication aids BT: Engineering education BT: Professional communication Communication equipment RT: Assistive technology BT: Communications Auditory displays technology NT: Closed captioning RT: Bluetooth Communication systems Communication cables Multiplexing equipment UF: Underground Satellite ground stations communication cables NT: Auditory displays BT: Cables Codecs RT: Fault location Modems Wire On board unit Optical communication Communication cables (optical) equipment USE: Optical fiber cables This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 87 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Radio communication Long Term Evolution equipment Near field communication Receivers SONET Repeaters Synchronous digital Speech codecs hierarchy TV equipment Universal Serial Bus Telephone equipment Transceivers Communication switching Transmitters BT: Communications Transponders technology Video codecs RT: IEEE 802.3 Standard Video equipment Switching systems Vocoders NT: Code division multiplexing Electronic switching Communication industry systems BT: Industries Frame relay RT: Communication systems Handover Multiprotocol label Communication network reliability switching USE: Telecommunication Packet switching network reliability Communication symbols Communication networks BT: Professional UF: PSTN communication Public switched telephone RT: Pragmatics network Semiotics BT: Communication systems Syntactics RT: Network security NT: Semiotics NT: Central office Cyberspace Communication system control Industrial communication BT: Communication systems Martime communications RT: Control systems Radio access technologies NT: Telecommunication control Relay networks (telecommunication) Communication system operations and management Communication protocols BT: Management USE: Protocols RT: Communication system signaling Communication satellites Communication systems USE: Satellite communication Communication system privacy Communication standards USE: Communication system UF: Telecommunication security standards BT: Standards categories Communication system security RT: Communication systems UF: Communication system FDDI privacy IEC Telecommunication security ISO Wireless security ISO Standards BT: Communication systems Radio spectrum RT: Access control management Cryptography NT: Data over cable service Data security interface specification Electronic warfare This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 88 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Privacy Communication system NT: Denial-of-service attack control Impersonation attacks Communication system Quantum key distribution security Radio communication Communication system countermeasures signaling Communication system Communication system signaling software UF: Signaling systems Communication system Telecom signaling traffic Telecom system signaling Communication system Telecommunication traffic control signalling Computer networks BT: Communication systems Cross layer design RT: Bit rate Data buses Communication system Data communication operations and management Device-to-device Handover communication NT: Received signal strength Digital communication indicator FDDI Facsimile Communication system software IP networks BT: Communication systems ISDN RT: Collaborative software Indoor communication NT: Streaming media Internet Local area networks Communication system traffic Low latency communication UF: Mice flows MIMO communication BT: Communication systems MISO communication RT: Telecommunication traffic Machine-to-machine communications Communication system traffic control Magnetic communication BT: Communication systems Metropolitan area networks Microwave communication Communication systems Military communication BT: Communications Mobile communication technology Molecular communication RT: Antennas and propagation (telecommunication) Communication channels Multiaccess communication Communication equipment Multicast communication Communication industry Multimedia communication Communication standards NOMA Communication system Nanocommunication operations and management (telecommunication) Digital systems Narrowband Huffman coding Optical fiber communication Information theory Personal communication Office automation networks Telecontrol equipment Protocols Traffic control Quality of experience NT: ARPANET Quality of service Biomedical communication Quantum communication Broadband communication Radio communication Communication networks Regional area networks Routing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 89 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

SIMO communication USE: Cable TV SISO communication Satellite communication Commutation Satellite ground stations BT: Motors Spatial diversity Submillimeter wave Commutators communication BT: DC motors Subscriber loops Switching systems Compact disk Synchronous digital USE: CD recording hierarchy Telecommunications Compaction Teleconferencing BT: Waste reduction Telegraphy RT: Materials handling Telephony Teleprinting Companies Teletext BT: Organizations Token networks UHF communication Company reports Underwater communication BT: Publishing Vehicle-to-everything RT: Competitive intelligence Videophone systems Management Videotex Management accounting Visual communication Wide area networks Compass Wideband UF: Compasses Wireless communication BT: Instruments Wireless mesh networks RT: Magnetic fields Wireless sensor networks Navigation

Communications computing Compasses USE: Telecommunication USE: Compass computing Competitive intelligence Communications technology BT: Information management RT: Antennas and propagation RT: Business intelligence NT: Communication equipment Company reports Communication switching Decision support systems Communication systems Digital intelligence Couplers High-speed electronics Market research Image communication Information and Compilers (program) communication technology USE: Program processors Message systems Modulation Complex networks Multiplexing BT: Network topology Network topology RT: Social network theory Presence network agents Social sciences TV System dynamics UHF technology System of systems Ultra wideband technology VHF devices Complex systems BT: Systems engineering and Community antenna television theory This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 90 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Bio-inspired engineering NT: Cermet Configuration management Large-scale systems Composite media USE: Nonhomogeneous media Complexity USE: Complexity theory Composite systems USE: Interconnected systems Complexity constrained detection USE: Maximum likelihood Compounds detection BT: Materials, elements, and compounds Complexity theory NT: Bismuth compounds UF: Circuit complexity Gallium compounds Communication complexity Indium compounds Complexity Inorganic compounds BT: Chaos Lead compounds RT: Computation theory Organic compounds Econophysics Silicon compounds NT: Computational complexity NP-complete problem Compressed sensing NP-hard problem UF: Compressive sensing BT: Sampling methods Compliance testing USE: Conformance testing Compression algorithms BT: Algorithms Compliant mechanisms USE: Manufacturing processes Compression molding UF: Compression moulding Component architectures BT: Production UF: Component-based systems RT: Injection molding BT: Components, packaging, and manufacturing technology Compression moulding USE: Compression molding Component-based systems USE: Component architectures Compressive sensing USE: Compressed sensing Components, packaging, and manufacturing technology Compressive stress NT: Component architectures BT: Stress Electronic components Electronic equipment Compressors manufacture BT: Electric machines Electronics packaging RT: Air conditioning Environmentally friendly Pumps manufacturing techniques Turbines Integrated circuit Turbomachinery manufacture Integrated circuit packaging Computation complexity Semiconductor device USE: Computational complexity packaging Thermal management of Computation theory electronics BT: Computational intelligence RT: Complexity theory Composite materials NT: Computational complexity BT: Materials Concurrent computing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 91 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Greedy algorithms Computational efficiency Support vector machines BT: Mathematics

Computational and artificial intelligence Computational electrodynamics RT: Cognitive science USE: Computational Digital systems electromagnetics NT: Artificial intelligence Autonomous mental Computational electromagnetics development UF: Computational Computational intelligence electrodynamics Logic BT: Electromagnetic analysis Machine intelligence RT: Computer applications Neural networks Electromagnetic field theory Electromagnetic fields Computational biochemistry Finite difference methods BT: Computational biology Monte Carlo methods RT: Biochemistry Stochastic processes Bioinformatics Computational ethics Computational biology USE: Machine ethics BT: Engineering in medicine and biology Computational fluid dynamics RT: Bioinformatics UF: CFD Biology BT: Fluid dynamics Computational RT: Isosurfaces neuroscience Synthetic biology Computational geometry NT: Computational biochemistry BT: Geometry Computational biophysics RT: Computer graphics Computational systems Layered manufacturing biology Surface fitting NT: Fractals Computational biophysics BT: Computational biology Computational intelligence RT: Bioinformatics BT: Computational and artificial Biophysics intelligence RT: Artificial intelligence Computational complexity Synapses UF: Computation complexity NT: Computation theory BT: Complexity theory Evolutionary computation Computation theory Fuzzy systems RT: Algorithmic efficiency Genetic algorithms NT: Time complexity Computational life sciences Computational cultural dynamics USE: Computational modeling USE: Computational cultural AND modeling Life sciences

Computational cultural modeling Computational linguistics UF: Computational cultural BT: Systems, man, and dynamics cybernetics Computational social and RT: Context modeling behavioral modeling NT: Machine translation BT: Computational modeling Sentiment analysis

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 92 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Computational modeling Independent component UF: Computational life sciences analysis Life sciences computing Simulation ZINDO BT: Modeling Computer aided design RT: Neuroinformatics USE: Design automation Time complexity NT: Agent-based modeling Computer aided diagnosis Computational cultural UF: Computer assisted modeling diagnosis Reversible computing Computer-aided diagnosis Computer-assisted Computational morality diagnosis USE: Machine ethics BT: Medical diagnosis

Computational neuroscience Computer aided engineering UF: Theoretical neuroscience UF: CAE BT: Computer science BT: Computer applications Neuroscience RT: Computational biology Computer aided instruction Nervous system UF: CAI Computer aided learning Computational science Computer-aided instruction USE: Scientific computing Computer-aided learning Teaching machines Computational social and behavioral modeling BT: Computer applications USE: Computational cultural Educational technology modeling RT: Authoring systems Continuing education Computational systems biology Courseware BT: Computational biology Educational courses Electronic learning Computed microtomography Matlab USE: Computed tomography Technology acceptance model Computed tomography NT: Learning management UF: CT scan systems Computed microtomography Computer aided learning Computerised axial USE: Computer aided instruction tomography Computerised tomography Computer aided manufacturing Computerized axial UF: CAM tomography BT: Industrial electronics Computerized tomography Manufacturing automation BT: Tomography RT: Computer integrated RT: Biomedical applications of manufacturing radiation Integrated manufacturing NT: Single photon emission systems computed tomography NT: CADCAM Silicon compiler Computer aided analysis BT: Computer applications Computer aided software engineering RT: Digital simulation BT: Software engineering Geophysics computing RT: Programming environments This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 93 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Software tools Telecommunication computing Computer animation Virtual assistants USE: Animation Virtual enterprises Virtual manufacturing Computer applications Web sites UF: Volunteer computing World Wide Web BT: Computers and information processing Computer architecture RT: Biomedical computing UF: Architecture (computer) Computational BT: Computers and information electromagnetics processing Computerized monitoring RT: Microprogramming Edge computing NT: Accelerator architectures Electrical engineering Data structures computing Dynamic voltage scaling Flexible manufacturing Memory architecture systems Memory management Information technology Multiprocessor Learning management interconnection systems Parallel architectures Middleware Reconfigurable Mobile agents architectures Software agents Software packages Computer arithmetic NT: Application virtualization USE: Digital arithmetic Big Data applications Blockchain Computer assisted diagnosis Bot (Internet) USE: Computer aided diagnosis Computer aided analysis Computer aided Computer automated measurement and control engineering USE: CAMAC Computer aided instruction Computer generated music Computer buffers Computer integrated BT: Buffer storage manufacturing RT: Cache storage Control engineering computing Computer bugs Green computing UF: Bugs High energy physics BT: Computer crashes instrumentation computing Knowledge management Computer buses Mathematics computing USE: Data buses Medical information systems Computer control Military computing USE: Digital control Mobile applications Physics computing Computer crashes Power engineering BT: Computer errors computing NT: Buffer overflows Power system analysis Computer bugs computing Publishing Computer crime Scientific computing UF: Cyber crime Cyber-crime This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 94 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Cybercrime Curve fitting DDoS attack Fractals DoS attack Graphics processing units Hacking Mesh generation Piracy (software) Modeling Software piracy Multimedia computing BT: Computer security Ray tracing RT: Botnet Simulation Computer viruses Surface fitting Computer worms Visual effects Control system security Workstations Data security NT: Data visualization Digital rights management Rendering (computer Distributed denial-of-service graphics) attack Shadow mapping Privacy-invasive software Sprites (computer) Unsolicited e-mail Video sequences NT: Counterfeiting Virtual reality Cyber terrorism Visualization Cyberattack X3D SQL injection Computer hacking Computer displays UF: Hacker BT: Displays Hacks RT: Computer graphics BT: Computer security Computer peripherals Workstations Computer hardware NT: Mesh generation USE: Hardware Touch sensitive screens Computer industry Computer documentation UF: DP industry USE: Documentation BT: Industries RT: Computers and information Computer engineering education processing USE: Computer science education Computer integrated manufacturing UF: CIM Computer errors BT: Computer applications BT: Computer performance Manufacturing automation NT: Computer crashes RT: Agile manufacturing CADCAM Computer generated music Computer aided UF: CGM manufacturing Computer music Virtual manufacturing BT: Computer applications Music Computer interfaces UF: Docking stations Computer graphics BT: Computers and information BT: Graphics processing RT: Animation RT: Computer peripherals Art Data buses Character generation Interface management Computational geometry User interfaces Computer displays NT: Application programming Computer peripherals interfaces This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 95 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Browsers NT: Computer network reliability Computer ports Disruption tolerant Field buses networking Firewire Management information Haptic interfaces base Hypertext systems Middleboxes Input devices Network address translation Interface phenomena Network synthesis Interface states Musical instrument digital Computer network reliability interfaces BT: Computer network System buses management Network topology Computer languages UF: Programming languages Computer networks BT: Formal languages UF: Mice flows RT: Data structures BT: Communication systems Natural languages Computers and information Software processing NT: Architecture description RT: Bit rate languages Computer ports C languages Cyber terrorism Command languages Cyber warfare Database languages Data communication Hardware design Delay estimation languages Distributed computing High level languages File servers Markup languages Firewalls (computing) Python Frame relay R language Hypercubes Specification languages IEEE 802.11 Standard Style sheet languages IEEE 802.11g Standard Systems Modeling IEEE 802.11n Standard Language IEEE 802.16 Standard Visual BASIC IEEE 802.3 Standard WS-BPEL IPTV Internetworking Computer mediated communication LAN interconnection UF: Computer-mediated Middleware communication Multiprocessing systems BT: Social networking (online) Multiprocessor interconnection Computer music Open systems USE: Computer generated music Personal area networks AND Radial basis function Music networks TCPIP Computer network management Web sites BT: Computer networks NT: Ad hoc networks RT: Bandwidth Computer network Computer security management Data security Content distribution Software defined networks networking Cyberspace Traffic control Diffserv networks This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 96 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Domain Name System Keyboards Ethernet Modems Heterogeneous networks Printers IP networks Internet Computer pipeline processing Intserv networks USE: Pipeline processing Metropolitan area networks Multiprocessor Computer ports interconnection networks BT: Computer interfaces Network function RT: Computer networks virtualization Hardware Network security Information exchange Network servers Next generation networking Computer programming profession Overlay networks USE: Programming profession Peer-to-peer computing Software defined Computer science networking BT: Computers and information Storage area networks processing Token networks RT: Function approximation Unicast Logic Virtual private networks Software Wide area networks NT: Computational Wireless access points neuroscience Formal languages Computer numerical control Network theory (graphs) UF: CNC Programming NC machines BT: Manufacturing automation Computer science education RT: Digital control UF: Computer engineering Industrial control education BT: Engineering education Computer operating systems USE: Operating systems Computer security BT: Computers and information Computer performance processing BT: Computers and information Security processing RT: Access control NT: Computer errors Blacklisting Hardware acceleration Blockchain Performance loss Computer network management Computer peripherals Cryptography UF: Computer terminals Data protection Peripheral equipment Data security BT: Computers and information Digital forensics processing Eavesdropping RT: Computer displays Operating systems Computer graphics Privacy Computer interfaces Privacy-invasive software Device drivers Trust management Firewire NT: Application security Flash memories Authentication User interfaces Cloud computing security NT: Disk drives Computer crime This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 97 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Computer hacking Smart cameras Countermeasures Visual odometry (computer) Cross-site scripting Computer worms Cyber espionage UF: Worms (computer) Cyber warfare BT: Malware Cyberattack RT: Computer crime Data integrity Computer viruses Denial-of-service attack Firewalls (computing) Computer-aided design Honey pot (computing) USE: Design automation Identity management systems Computer-aided diagnosis Internet security USE: Computer aided diagnosis Mobile security Password Computer-aided instruction Penetration testing USE: Computer aided instruction Permission Phishing Computer-aided learning Proof of Work USE: Computer aided instruction Trusted computing Computer-assisted diagnosis Computer simulation USE: Computer aided diagnosis BT: Simulation RT: EMTP Computer-mediated communication Human in the loop USE: Computer mediated communication Computer software USE: Software Computerised axial tomography USE: Computed tomography Computer terminals USE: Computer peripherals Computerised instrumentation USE: Computerized Computer viruses instrumentation UF: Viruses (computer) BT: Malware Computerised monitoring RT: Anti-virus software USE: Computerized monitoring Computer crime Computer worms Computerised tomography USE: Computed tomography Computer vision BT: Robots Computerized axial tomography RT: Activity recognition USE: Computed tomography Distributed vision networks Gaze tracking Computerized instrumentation Image capture UF: Computerised Indoor navigation instrumentation Pattern recognition BT: Instrumentation and Pose estimation measurement NT: Active appearance model Blob detection Computerized monitoring Corner detection UF: Computerised monitoring Face detection BT: Monitoring Feature detection RT: Computer applications Interest point detection This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 98 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Computerized tomography Parallel processing USE: Computed tomography Pattern recognition Pervasive computing Computers Petascale computing UF: Computing technology Platform virtualization BT: Computers and information Probabilistic computing processing Probability computing RT: Cyberspace Quantum computing NT: Analog computers Real-time systems Calculators Software Digital computers Software engineering Microcomputers System recovery Parallel machines Time sharing computer Supercomputers systems Tablet computers Virtual machine monitors Wearable computers Computing technology Computers and information processing USE: Computers RT: Associative processing Biology computing Concatenated codes Computer industry BT: Programming Data processing Electronic learning Concave programming Home computing BT: Optimization methods Information systems Logic circuits Concrete Multimedia computing BT: Building materials Multiprocessing systems RT: Pressure vessels NT: Approximate computing Computer applications Concurrency Computer architecture USE: Concurrent computing Computer interfaces Computer networks Concurrency control Computer performance BT: Computers and information Computer peripherals processing Computer science RT: Distributed computing Computer security Distributed databases Computers Multiprocessing systems Concurrency control Parallel processing DNA computing Protocols Data systems Synchronization Database machines NT: Processor scheduling Digital systems Distributed computing Concurrent computing File servers UF: Concurrency Hardware BT: Computation theory High performance RT: Granular computing computing Model checking Image processing Memory Concurrent engineering Mobile computing BT: Engineering - general Molecular computing RT: Product design Multitasking Project management Open systems Quality function deployment Optical computing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 99 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Research and development Power cables management Power distribution lines Time to market Power transmission lines Virtual manufacturing Proximity effects Skin effect Condition monitoring Thermal noise BT: Preventive maintenance Three-phase electric power Wire Conditions of employment Wireless power USE: Employee welfare transmission Wiring Conducting bodies USE: Conductors Conference management BT: Management Conducting materials BT: Materials Conferences RT: Conductivity UF: Meetings (technical) Conductors Symposia Semiconductor materials Workshops NT: Electrolytes BT: Meetings

Conductive adhesives Configuration management BT: Adhesives BT: Systems engineering and theory Conductive films RT: Complex systems BT: Films Maintenance engineering NT: Anisotropic conductive films System analysis and design

Conductivity Conformal mapping UF: Electric conductivity BT: Mathematics Electrical conductivity RT: Coplanar waveguides Resistivity Wave functions BT: Electric variables Waveguide components RT: Charge carriers Waveguide theory Conducting materials Conductivity measurement Conformance testing Grain boundaries UF: Compliance testing Impact ionization Conformity assessment Transmission line theory Type testing NT: Photoconductivity BT: Testing Semiconductivity RT: Accreditation Transconductance Certification Quality of service Conductivity measurement Standards UF: Resistivity measurement Surveillance BT: Electric variables measurement Conformity assessment RT: Conductivity USE: Conformance testing

Conductors Congestive heart failure UF: Conducting bodies BT: Medical conditions BT: Electric machines RT: Cables Connected cars Conducting materials USE: Connected vehicles Core loss This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 100 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Connected vehicles Civil engineering UF: Connected cars Construction industry BT: Vehicles Structural engineering RT: Intelligent vehicles NT: Buildings Green buildings Connecting Modular construction USE: Joining processes Prefabricated construction Stairs Connective tissue BT: Biological tissues Construction industry BT: Industries Connectors RT: Building automation BT: Electronic components Building materials NT: Plugs Buildings Sockets Construction Excavation Consensus algorithm Floors BT: Algorithm design and Mortar theory Shipbuilding industry Smart cities Consensus control NT: Prefabricated construction BT: Decentralized control RT: Swarm robotics Consumer behavior UF: Consumer behaviour Consensus protocol BT: Behavioral sciences BT: Blockchain RT: Consumer products Protocols Customer profiles RT: Ecosystems Customer relationship management Consortia Food waste BT: Engineering management Market opportunities RT: Business Technology acceptance model Constellation diagram UF: Signal constellation Consumer behaviour BT: Digital modulation USE: Consumer behavior

Constraint handling Consumer electronics UF: Constraint programming UF: Kindle BT: Logic programming RT: Consumer products Digital systems Constraint optimization Firewire BT: Design optimization Flat panel displays RT: Electronics packaging Microcomputers Video equipment Constraint programming NT: Ambient intelligence USE: Constraint handling Audio systems Home automation Constraint theory Home computing BT: Integer linear programming Low-power electronics Microwave ovens Construction Multimedia systems UF: Erection BT: Industries Consumer products RT: Building materials BT: Manufactured products This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 101 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Commercial law Production Consumer behavior Stacking Consumer electronics NT: Freight containers Domestic safety Electrical products Contamination Food industry BT: Materials science and Food manufacturing technology Food products RT: Chemical hazards Footwear industry Decontamination Market research Hazards Plastic products Impurities Product liability Microfiltration Product safety Pollution Watches Quality control NT: Clothing Radiation protection Games NT: Surface contamination Home appliances Microwave ovens Content addressable memory USE: Associative memory Consumer protection BT: Law Content addressable storage Product safety engineering BT: Memory RT: Censorship RT: Content-based retrieval Commercial law Customer relationship Content based retrieval management USE: Content-based retrieval Quality assurance Content delivery networks Consumer-generated media USE: Content distribution USE: User-generated content networks

Contact resistance Content distribution networks BT: Contacts UF: Content delivery networks BT: Computer networks Contactors BT: Switches Content management BT: Electronic publishing Contacts Management BT: Circuits and systems RT: Blockchain RT: Semiconductor devices Document handling NT: Brushes MPEG 7 Standard Contact resistance Multimedia computing Ohmic contacts Publish subscribe systems Semantic Web Containers Web design BT: Material storage Web sites Materials handling equipment Content-based retrieval RT: Bulk storage UF: Content based retrieval Canning BT: Information retrieval Filling RT: Content addressable Fuel storage storage Loading Measurement Content-centric networking Pallets This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 102 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Information-centric RT: Computer aided instruction networking Engineering education Management training Context Training BT: Professional communication Continuing professional development RT: Pragmatics UF: Life long learning BT: Human resource Context aware* management USE: Context-aware services RT: Qualifications Training Context awareness BT: Artificial intelligence Continuous improvement RT: Intelligent control UF: Kaizen Intelligent systems BT: Total quality management Knowledge acquisition RT: Production management Learning systems Quality awards Pervasive computing Semantic search Continuous phase modulation BT: Phase modulation Context modeling BT: Modeling Continuous production RT: Computational linguistics BT: Flow production systems Production control Context-aware applications RT: Process control USE: Context-aware services Production management

Context-aware computing Continuous systems USE: Context-aware services USE: Continuous time systems

Context-aware services Continuous time models UF: Context aware* USE: Continuous time systems Context-aware applications Context-aware computing Continuous time systems BT: Ubiquitous computing UF: Continuous systems Continuous time models Continents BT: Time factors BT: Geoscience NT: Africa Continuous wavelet transforms Asia BT: Wavelet transforms Australia Europe Continuous-stirred tank reactor North America BT: Chemical reactors South America Continuously variable transmission Contingency management USE: Mechanical power BT: Management transmission NT: Crisis management Disaster management Contract law Mission critical systems BT: Law RT: Contracts Continuing education Employment law UF: Further education BT: Career development Contract management Educational programs BT: Contracts This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 103 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Management Microcontrollers RT: Risk management Regulators Remote control Contracts Servosystems BT: Management Switches RT: Business Switchgear Contract law Telecontrol equipment Procurement Proposals NT: Contract management Control nonlinearities Forward contracts BT: Control theory Licenses RT: Nonlinear control systems Service level agreements NT: Backstepping Smart contracts Feedback linearization Subcontracting Control system analysis Control charts BT: System analysis and design UF: Cusum charts RT: Piecewise linear techniques Shewhart charts NT: State-space methods BT: Production management RT: Control systems Control system security Quality management BT: Control engineering Security Control design RT: Computer crime BT: Control systems Control systems RT: Feedback Cyber-physical systems Lyapunov methods Industrial control National security Control engineering Power system control BT: Control systems Safety RT: Control engineering NT: Physical unclonable education function Predictive control NT: Control system security Control system synthesis UF: Control systems synthesis Control engineering computing BT: Control systems BT: Computer applications RT: Circuit synthesis RT: Control engineering Hardware-in-the-loop education simulation Hardware-in-the-loop Linearization techniques simulation Piecewise linear techniques

Control engineering education Control systems BT: Engineering education RT: Active perception RT: Control engineering Actuators Control engineering Adaptive control computing Air traffic control Communication system Control equipment control BT: Control systems Control charts RT: Manipulators Control system security Mechatronics Cybernetics Robots Discrete-event systems NT: Actuators Discrete-time systems Fasteners Estimation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 104 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Flexible structures Homeostasis Force control Linear feedback control Game theory systems H infinity control Magnetic variables control Interconnected systems Mechanical variables Inventory control control Legged locomotion Medical control systems Linear systems Moisture control Linearization techniques Motion compensation MIMO communication Networked control systems Manipulators Nonlinear control systems Microcontrollers Open loop systems Microsensors Optical control Mobile robots Optimal control Neuromodulation PD control Nonlinear systems PI control Parameter estimation Pneumatic systems Poles and zeros Positive train control Real-time systems Pressure control Robots Proportional control Robustness Radio control Sensitivity Robot control Stability SCADA systems State estimation Sensorless control Stochastic systems Sliding mode control Switched systems Supervisory control Target tracking Thermal variables control Time-varying systems Traffic control Transfer functions Uncertain systems Control systems synthesis NT: Automatic control USE: Control system synthesis Automatic generation control Control theory Autopilot BT: Cybernetics Bidirectional control RT: Dynamics Block signalling Feedback circuits Brakes NT: Control nonlinearities CAMAC Iterative learning control Centralized control Observability Closed loop systems Control design Controllability Control engineering BT: Control systems Control equipment Control system synthesis Convection Controllability UF: Mixed convection Cruise control Rayleigh-Benard Decentralized control convection Delay systems BT: Heat transfer Digital control Fault tolerant control Convergence Feedback BT: Mathematics Feedback linearization Fluid flow control Convergence of numerical methods Fluidics BT: Numerical analysis Gaze tracking This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 105 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Converters USE: Convolutional neural UF: Convertors networks Switching convertors BT: Power electronics Convolutional neural networks RT: Data conversion UF: Convolutional neural nets Pulse width modulation BT: Artificial neural networks Pulse width modulation RT: Generative adversarial inverters networks Rectennas Machine learning Space vector pulse width modulation Convolvers NT: AC-AC converters BT: Convolution DC-AC power converters Digital-to-frequency Coolants converters UF: Antifreeze materials Frequency conversion BT: Cooling Multilevel converters RT: Space cooling Power conversion NT: Refrigerants Pulse width modulation converters Cooling Resonant converters BT: Temperature control Static power converters RT: Electronics cooling Voltage-source converters Electronics packaging Wavelength converters HVAC Heat pipes Convertors Thermal engineering USE: Converters Water pumps NT: Air conditioning Convex functions Cold plates UF: Convex optimization Coolants BT: Mathematics Heat sinks Immersion cooling Convex optimization Liquid cooling USE: Convex functions Refrigeration Solar cooling Convolution Space cooling BT: Signal processing Thermal quenching RT: Deconvolution Trigeneration Numerical analysis Ventilation NT: Convolvers Cooperative cache Convolutional codes USE: System performance UF: Trellis codes BT: Codes Cooperative caching RT: Channel coding BT: System performance Digital multimedia broadcasting Cooperative communication Error correction UF: Amplify-and-forward Error correction codes cooperative communication Radio communication BT: Collaborative work Satellite communication Wireless communication Telecommunications RT: Communication effectiveness Convolutional neural nets Professional communication This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 106 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Publishing Cooperative networks Trademarks USE: Cooperative systems NT: Intellectual property Software protection Cooperative systems UF: Cooperative networks Core dumps BT: Artificial intelligence BT: System recovery RT: Artificial bee colony algorithm Core loss UF: Core losses Cooperative work BT: Energy loss USE: Collaborative work RT: Conductors Transformers Coordinate measuring machines UF: CMM Core losses BT: Measurement USE: Core loss RT: Inspection Machine tools Core-shelf nanostructures Quality control USE: Nanostructured materials

Coplanar transmission lines Cornea BT: Planar transmission lines BT: Eyes NT: Coplanar waveguides RT: Ophthalmology

Coplanar waveguides Corner detection UF: CPW BT: Computer vision BT: Coplanar transmission lines Image processing RT: Conformal mapping RT: Image edge detection Electromagnetic Motion detection waveguides Corona Copper BT: Electric breakdown UF: Cu RT: Partial discharges BT: Metals NT: Copper alloys Corona virus* Copper compounds USE: Coronaviruses

Copper alloys Coronary arteriosclerosis BT: Copper BT: Arteriosclerosis RT: Alloying Coronaviruses Copper compounds UF: Corona virus* BT: Copper BT: Viruses (medical) RT: COVID-19 Coprocessors Epidemics BT: Circuits Pandemics Integrated circuits Microprocessors Corporate acquisitions RT: AI accelerators UF: Mergers Digital arithmetic BT: Organizational aspects RT: Business process re- Copyright protection engineering BT: Legal factors RT: Plagiarism Corpse Public domain software USE: Cadaver This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 107 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Corpus amygdaloideum Cosmic rays USE: Amygdala BT: Extraterrestrial phenomena RT: Electrons Corpus callosum Elementary particles UF: Callosal commissure Mesons BT: Brain Neutrons Protons Correlation BT: Statistics Cost accounting RT: Correlation coefficient UF: Valuation NT: Autocorrelation BT: Costing Management accounting Correlation coefficient RT: Costs BT: Statistics Economics RT: Correlation Profitability Regression analysis Cost analysis Correlators USE: Cost benefit analysis BT: Electromagnetic radiation RT: Signal detection Cost benefit analysis Signal processing UF: Cost analysis Cost-benefit analysis Corrosion BT: Costs BT: Surfaces RT: Functional point analysis RT: Coatings Corrosion inhibitors Cost function Galvanizing BT: Optimization Grain boundaries Magnetic flux leakage Cost of living index Passivation USE: Economic indicators

Corrosion inhibitors Cost-benefit analysis BT: Inhibitors USE: Cost benefit analysis Materials RT: Corrosion Cost-of-living index Galvanizing USE: Economic indicators Materials preparation Materials processing Costing UF: Capital cost reduction Corrugated surfaces Operating cost reduction BT: Rough surfaces BT: Financial management Surfaces NT: Cost accounting

Cortana Costs USE: Virtual assistants BT: Economics RT: Cost accounting Cortical bone Econometrics BT: Bone tissue Exchange rates NT: Cost benefit analysis Cortical plasticity USE: Neuroplasticity Cotton BT: Agricultural products Cosmic gamma ray bursts Textiles USE: Gamma-ray bursts RT: Natural fibers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 108 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Textile fibers UF: Coupled circuits Textile industry BT: Circuits Weaving RT: Couplers

Counseling Couplings USE: Employee welfare UF: Linkages BT: Mechanical products Counselling RT: Fasteners USE: Employee welfare Joining processes Machine components Counterfeit goods Shafts USE: Counterfeiting AND Manufactured products Course correction UF: Course-correction Counterfeiting BT: Navigation UF: Counterfeit goods RT: Aircraft navigation BT: Computer crime Path planning

Countermeasures (computer) Course-correction BT: Computer security USE: Course correction Data protection RT: Access control Courseware Anti-virus software BT: Educational technology Blacklisting RT: Authoring systems Firewalls (computing) Computer aided instruction Whitelists Software

Counters Covariance matrices USE: Radiation detectors UF: Covariance matrix BT: Statistics Counting circuits BT: Circuits Covariance matrix RT: Logic circuits USE: Covariance matrices Radiation detector circuits COVID-19 Coupled circuits BT: Diseases USE: Coupling circuits RT: Coronaviruses Pandemics Coupled mode analysis BT: Circuit analysis Cows RT: Multiconductor transmission UF: Cattle lines BT: Bovine

Couplers CPU BT: Communications USE: Central Processing Unit technology RT: Apertures CPW Coupling circuits USE: Coplanar waveguides Electromagnetic coupling NT: Directional couplers Cr USE: Chromium Coupling (process) USE: Joining processes Cramer Rao bound USE: Cramer-Rao bounds Coupling circuits This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 109 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Cramer Rao bounds USE: Cramer-Rao bounds Critical current density BT: Critical current density Cramer-Rao bounds (superconductivity) UF: Cramer Rao bound RT: Silicon compounds Cramer Rao bounds Superconducting materials Cramer-Rao inequality Thermal factors Information inequality BT: Estimation theory Critical current density (superconductivity) BT: Superconductivity Cramer-Rao inequality RT: Magnetic fields USE: Cramer-Rao bounds NT: Critical current density

Cranes Critical infrastructure BT: Lifting equipment UF: Critical national infrastructure Cranial BT: Public infrastructure BT: Nervous system NT: Cranial pressure Critical national infrastructure USE: Critical infrastructure Cranial pressure BT: Cranial Crops NT: Intracranial system BT: Agricultural products Vegetation Cranium RT: Fertilizers BT: Head Greenhouses Irrigation Crawlers Water storage BT: Web search Yield estimation RT: Bot (Internet) Cross cultural communication CRC codes USE: Cross-cultural USE: Cyclic redundancy check communication codes Cross layer design Creativity BT: Communication systems BT: Innovation management RT: Ad hoc networks Cellular radio Credit cards IEEE 802.16 Standard UF: American Express Military communication Mastercard Radio communication Visa gold BT: Financial management Cross platform virtualization USE: Application virtualization Creep BT: Material properties Cross reality USE: X reality Criminal law BT: Law Cross-cultural communication UF: Cross cultural Crimping communication BT: Joining processes BT: Global communication RT: Cultural differences Crisis management BT: Contingency management Cross-platform virtualization This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 110 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Application virtualization Temperature measurement RT: Cryogenic electronics Cross-site scripting NT: Liquid nitrogen UF: XSS BT: Computer security Cryonics USE: Cryogenics Crosstalk UF: Crosstalk noise Cryotherapy BT: Interference BT: Medical treatment RT: Electromagnetic Temperature measurement interference Interchannel interference Crypto currency Transmission line theory USE: Cryptocurrency

Crosstalk noise Cryptocurrency USE: Crosstalk UF: Crypto currency BT: Cryptography Crowdsensing Currencies BT: Crowdsourcing RT: Blockchain RT: Collective intelligence Digital systems Mobile computing Distributed ledger Finance Crowdsourcing Online banking BT: Collaborative work NT: Bitcoin Internet RT: Collective intelligence Cryptographic Distributed processing USE: Cryptography Mobile computing Outsourcing Cryptographic accelerators Social computing USE: Hardware acceleration Social networking (online) NT: Crowdsensing Cryptographic hash function Product development BT: Cryptography Hash functions CRT USE: Cathode ray tubes Cryptographic protocols BT: Protocols Cruise control BT: Control systems Cryptography Electromechanical systems UF: Cryptographic RT: Velocity control BT: Data security Security Cryobiology RT: Bitcoin BT: Biology Blockchain Temperature measurement Chaotic communication Codes Cryogenic electronics Communication system BT: Industrial electronics security RT: Cryogenics Computer security Superconducting devices Data handling Superconducting materials Encoding Hash functions Cryogenics Message authentication UF: Cryonics Physical unclonable BT: Industry applications function This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 111 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Privacy Diffraction Quantum key distribution X-ray detectors Random sequences NT: Crystallization Steganography Trust management Crystals NT: Ciphers BT: Materials Cryptocurrency RT: Crystallizers Cryptographic hash Epitaxial growth function Materials science and Encryption technology Public key Molecular beam epitaxial Quantum cryptography growth Random number Phonons generation Piezoelectric materials Side-channel attacks Semiconductor materials Zero knowledge proof Solids NT: Colloidal crystals Crystal growth Crystal microstructure BT: Crystallization Crystallography RT: Epitaxial growth Grain boundaries Semiconductor growth Grain size Liquid crystals Crystal microstructure Quartz crystals BT: Crystals RT: Microstructure CSA Group UF: Canadian Standards Crystalline materials Association BT: Materials BT: Standards organizations NT: Martensite Nanocrystals CSA Group Standards Perovskites BT: Standards publications Superlattices CSMA Crystallisation USE: Multiaccess communication USE: Crystallization CSP Crystallisers USE: Chip scale packaging USE: Crystallizers CSTR Crystallization USE: Chemical reactors UF: Crystallisation BT: Crystallography CT scan NT: Crystal growth USE: Computed tomography

Crystallizers Cu UF: Crystallisers USE: Copper BT: Chemical technology RT: Chemical reactors CubeSat Colloidal crystals BT: Small satellites Crystallography Crystals Cultural aspects BT: Social implications of Crystallography technology BT: Crystals NT: Cultural differences RT: Crystallizers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 112 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Cultural differences Current density BT: Cultural aspects BT: Current measurement Social implications of RT: Density measurement technology Particle measurements RT: Cross-cultural NT: Skin effect communication Developing countries Current distribution Digital divide BT: Current measurement Memetics RT: Antenna theory Social intelligence Current limiters Curing BT: Power electronics BT: Materials processing RT: Current RT: Heat treatment Current measurement Kilns NT: Fault current limiters

Curium Current measurement BT: Chemical elements UF: measurement Currencies BT: Electric variables BT: Finance measurement NT: Cryptocurrency RT: Ammeters Current Current Current control UF: Electric current Current limiters BT: Electric variables NT: Current density RT: Breakdown voltage Current distribution Current control Current limiters Current measurement (water) Current measurement USE: Sea measurements Current supplies Current transformers Current mirrors NT: Bioimpedance BT: Circuit topology Current slump Dark current Current mode circuits Fault currents USE: Current-mode circuits Leakage currents Persistent currents Current regulation Short-circuit currents USE: Current control Threshold current Current slump Current control BT: Current UF: Current regulation BT: Electric variables control Current supplies RT: Current BT: Power supplies Current measurement RT: Current Regulators Switches Current transformers Switchgear BT: Transformers NT: Electric current control RT: Current Electrical ballasts Current voltage characteristics Current crowding USE: Current-voltage USE: Proximity effects characteristics AND Electric variables This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 113 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Market research Current-mode circuits Product customization UF: Current mode circuits Quality management BT: Integrated circuits NT: Quality of experience Quality of service Current-voltage characteristics UF: Current voltage Customer services characteristics BT: Customer relationship BT: Electric variables management RT: Customer satisfaction Curriculum development BT: Educational courses Cusum charts RT: Educational programs USE: Control charts STEM Cutoff frequency Curve fitting BT: Integrated circuit modeling BT: Approximation methods Visualization Cutting fluids RT: Computer graphics USE: Lubricants Interpolation Least squares Cutting tools approximations BT: Production equipment Splines (mathematics) RT: Blades Surface fitting Dies Machine tools Custom integrated circuits Metalworking machines USE: Application specific Milling machines integrated circuits NT: Metal cutting tools Water jet cutting Customer profiles BT: Customer relationship CVD management USE: Chemical vapor deposition RT: Consumer behavior Market opportunities Cyber attack USE: Cyberattack Customer relationship management BT: Management Cyber attacks RT: Consumer behavior USE: Cyberattack Consumer protection Data-driven modeling Cyber crime Management information USE: Computer crime systems Public relations Cyber eavesdropping Quality management USE: Eavesdropping Supply chain management NT: Customer profiles Cyber espionage Customer satisfaction UF: Cyber spying Customer services Cyberespionage Market research Cyberspying Stakeholders BT: Computer security Information security Customer satisfaction RT: Malware BT: Customer relationship Trojan horses management RT: Customer services Cyber ethics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 114 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Cyberethics Cybercrime USE: Computer crime Cyber sickness USE: Cybersickness Cybereavesdropping USE: Eavesdropping Cyber spying USE: Cyber espionage Cyberespionage USE: Cyber espionage Cyber terrorism UF: Cyberterrorism Cyberethics BT: Computer crime UF: Cyber ethics Terrorism BT: Ethics RT: Computer networks RT: Behavioral sciences Cyberattack Cyber warfare Intellectual property UF: Cyberwarfare Privacy BT: Computer security Social implications of RT: Computer networks technology Cyberattack National security Cybernetics UF: Biocybernetics Cyber-crime BT: Systems, man, and USE: Computer crime cybernetics RT: Automata Cyber-physical systems Cognitive systems UF: Cyberphysical Control systems BT: System of systems Cyberspace RT: Collaboration Econometrics Control system security Ergonomics Embedded systems Information theory Human computer Learning systems interaction Man-machine systems Internet of Things Neural networks Operating systems Radial basis function Smart cities networks Smart grids Robots Wireless sensor networks NT: Adaptive systems NT: Digital twin Cognitive informatics Cognitive science Cyber-space Control theory USE: Cyberspace Decision theory Econophysics Cyberattack Emergent phenomena UF: Cyber attack Intelligent control Cyber attacks Linear feedback control BT: Computer crime systems Computer security RT: Cyber warfare Cyberphysical Cyberethics USE: Cyber-physical systems US Department of Homeland Security Cybersickness UF: Cyber sickness Cybercare BT: Medical conditions BT: Medical services Virtual reality

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Cyberspace Cyphers UF: Cyber-space USE: Ciphers BT: Communication networks Computer networks D-HEMTs RT: Computers UF: Depletion mode HEMTs Cybernetics Depletion-mode HEMTs Electromagnetics BT: HEMTs Internet Telematics D/A Virtual reality USE: Digital-analog conversion World Wide Web D/A conversion Cyberspying USE: Digital-analog conversion USE: Cyber espionage D/A converters Cyberterrorism USE: Digital-analog conversion USE: Cyber terrorism D2D Cyberwarfare USE: Device-to-device USE: Cyber warfare communication

Cyborgs Dailymotion USE: Man-machine systems USE: Multimedia Web sites

Cyclic redundancy check Dairy products BT: Mathematics UF: Butter RT: Algorithms Cheese Data communication Milk Error analysis BT: Agricultural products Error correction Food products Information theory RT: Agriculture Noise NT: Cyclic redundancy check Damascene integration codes BT: Electronic equipment manufacture Cyclic redundancy check codes RT: Very large scale integration UF: CRC codes BT: Codes Dampers Cyclic redundancy check USE: Shock absorbers RT: Decoding Error analysis Damping Error correction BT: Mechanical factors RT: Hysteresis Cyclones Impedance UF: Polar cyclones Oscillators BT: Geoscience Propagation NT: Hurricanes Shock absorbers Tropical cyclones Stability Transfer functions Cyclonic storms Transient response USE: Tropical cyclones Vibration control Vibrations Cyclotrons BT: Particle accelerators Dams BT: Geotechnical structures This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 116 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Water storage R language RT: Environmental Text categorization management NT: Business intelligence Hydroelectric power Data science generation Itemsets Reservoirs Training data

DAQ Data analytics USE: Data acquisition USE: Data analysis

Dark current Data assimilation BT: Current BT: Data handling RT: Data aggregation Dark energy Meteorology BT: Physics Data breach Dark matter UF: Data spill BT: Astrophysics BT: Information security RT: Data security Dark states Privacy breach BT: Laser applications NT: Network intrusion

Darmstadtium Data buses BT: Chemical elements UF: Computer buses BT: Communication systems DARPANET Data communication USE: ARPANET RT: CAMAC Computer interfaces Data acquisition Fastbus UF: DAQ IEEE 1394 Standard BT: Data systems NT: Backplanes RT: Analog-digital conversion Data handling Data center power Data processing BT: Data centers High energy physics Power systems instrumentation computing Measurement Data centers NT: Fastbus UF: Data centres User-generated content BT: Data systems NT: Data center power Data aggregation BT: Data collection Data centres RT: Data assimilation USE: Data centers Data handling Data integration Data collection Database systems BT: Data processing Information management RT: Blockchain Data analysis Data analysis Information processing UF: Data analytics NT: Big Data BT: Data processing Data aggregation RT: Big Data applications Data collection Data communication Data mining UF: Data transmission Formal concept analysis BT: Communication systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 117 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Ad hoc networks B-ISDN Data conversion CAMAC BT: Data systems Computer networks RT: Converters Cyclic redundancy check NT: Analog-digital conversion Data dissemination Digital-analog conversion Data security Digital communication Data dissemination Distributed computing BT: Data handling Extranets Information sharing Fastbus RT: Data communication File servers Data integration Firewire Mobile computing IEEE 1394 Standard ISDN Data encapsulation Modems BT: Data handling Multiprocessor interconnection Data engineering Office automation BT: Data systems Packet loss Personal area networks Data envelopment analysis TCPIP BT: Linear programming Telecontrol equipment Teletext Data flow computing Videotex BT: Multiprocessing systems NT: Asynchronous communication Data flow graphs Asynchronous transfer USE: Flow graphs mode Data buses Data freshness Data transfer USE: Data integrity Telecommunication buffers Telemetry Data fusion Teleprinting USE: Data integration Visible light communication Data gloves Data compression BT: Haptic interfaces BT: Data systems RT: Encoding Data governance Entropy coding BT: Data handling Fourier series Organizational aspects Quantization (signal) RT: Business data processing Rate-distortion Data integrity Streaming media Data models Transcoding Data privacy Video compression Data protection NT: Adaptive coding Data security Audio compression Database systems Huffman coding Quality management Source coding NT: Government policies Test data compression Transform coding Data handling UF: Electronic data interchange Data confidentiality BT: Data systems USE: Data privacy RT: Big Data This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 118 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Buffer storage Web mining Cryptography Data acquisition Data models Data aggregation BT: Modeling Data processing RT: Data governance Data security Database systems Encoding Semantic Web Enterprise resource Semantic technology planning NT: Data-driven modeling General Data Protection Metadata Regulation NT: Data assimilation Data over cable service interface Data dissemination specification Data encapsulation UF: DOCSIS Data governance BT: Communication standards Data integrity Document handling Data preprocessing Merging BT: Data processing Open data Sorting Data privacy UF: Data confidentiality Data integration Privacy preserving data UF: Data fusion mining BT: Data processing BT: Data mining RT: Data aggregation RT: Data governance Data dissemination Privacy NT: Data protection Data integrity Differential privacy UF: Data freshness Data quality Data processing BT: Computer security BT: Data systems Data handling RT: CAMAC RT: Data governance Computers and information Digital preservation processing Quality assurance Data acquisition Quality control Data handling Database systems Data mining Enterprise resource BT: Pattern recognition planning RT: Artificial intelligence Fastbus Big Data Signal processing Business intelligence Smart cards Data analysis Technology management Data visualization NT: Associative processing Digital forensics Business data processing Knowledge discovery Data analysis Naive Bayes methods Data collection Nearest neighbor methods Data integration Predictive analytics Data preprocessing R language Data transfer NT: Anomaly detection Information exchange Association rules Spreadsheet programs Data privacy Text processing Text analysis Virtual enterprises Text mining This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 119 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Data protection NT: Triples (Data structure) BT: Data privacy RT: Computer security Data structures Data governance BT: Computer architecture Data security RT: Computer languages Differential privacy Database systems Information security File systems Privacy NoSQL databases NT: Countermeasures NT: Arrays (computer) Binary decision diagrams General Data Protection Null value Regulation Octrees Persistent identifiers Data quality Table lookup USE: Data integrity Tree data structures

Data science Data systems BT: Data analysis BT: Computers and information RT: Knowledge discovery processing Neuroinformatics Information systems RT: Big Data applications Data security NT: Data acquisition UF: Security of data Data centers System privacy Data compression management Data conversion BT: Security Data engineering RT: Communication system Data handling security Data processing Computer crime Data storage systems Computer network Data warehouses management Computer security Data transfer Data breach BT: Data communication Data communication Data processing Data governance RT: Packet switching Data handling NT: Handover Data protection Network intrusion Data transmission Privacy USE: Data communication Privacy breach Virtual private networks Data visualisation NT: Cryptography USE: Data visualization Message authentication Tokenization Data visualization UF: Data visualisation Data spill BT: Computer graphics USE: Data breach User interfaces RT: Biomedical imaging Data storage Data mining USE: Memory Modeling R language Data storage systems NT: Isosurfaces BT: Data systems RT: Big Data Data warehouses Storage area networks BT: Data systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 120 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: NoSQL databases Deductive databases Distributed databases Data-driven modeling Image databases BT: Data models Multimedia databases Modeling Object oriented databases RT: Customer relationship Relational databases management Spatial databases Transaction databases Database languages Visual databases UF: Query languages BT: Computer languages Daylighting RT: Database systems BT: Lighting NT: Structured Query Language DBR Database machines USE: Distributed Bragg reflectors BT: Computers and information processing DBS RT: Database systems USE: Satellite broadcasting Information systems DC distribution systems Database management systems BT: Network systems USE: Database systems Power distribution RT: DC power transmission Database systems HVDC transmission UF: Database management Power transmission lines systems Technical data DC generators management UF: Direct current generators BT: Databases BT: DC machines Information systems Generators RT: Data aggregation RT: Pulse width modulation Data governance Rotating machines Data models Data processing DC machines Data structures UF: Direct current machines Database languages BT: Electric machines Database machines RT: Pulse width modulation File systems Sensorless control Hypertext systems NT: DC generators DC motors Linked data Homopolar machines Triples (Data structure) NT: Audio databases DC motors Deductive databases UF: Direct current motors Image databases BT: DC machines Indexes Motors Multimedia databases RT: Pulse width modulation NoSQL databases Pulse width modulation Object oriented databases inverters Query processing Space vector pulse width modulation Databases NT: Brushless DC motors BT: Professional Commutators communication NT: Database systems DC power transmission This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 121 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Direct current power USE: Noise reduction transmission BT: Power transmission Dead reckoning RT: DC distribution systems BT: Navigation

DC-AC power converters Deadlocks (computers) UF: DC-AC power convertors USE: System recovery BT: Converters Power conversion Deafness BT: Medical conditions DC-AC power convertors RT: Sign language USE: DC-AC power converters Death DC-DC converters BT: Pathological processes USE: DC-DC power converters NT: Asphyxia

DC-DC power conversion Debugging USE: DC-DC power converters BT: System recovery

DC-DC power converters Deburring UF: DC-DC converters BT: Surface finishing DC-DC power conversion RT: Drilling DC-DC power convertors Machining BT: Power conversion Polishing machines RT: Machine vector control Pulse width modulation Decarbonisation inverters USE: Low-carbon economy NT: Buck converters Decarbonised economy DC-DC power convertors USE: Low-carbon economy USE: DC-DC power converters Decarbonization DCT USE: Low-carbon economy USE: Discrete cosine transforms Decarbonized economy DDoS USE: Low-carbon economy USE: Distributed denial-of-service attack Decentralised control USE: Decentralized control DDoS attack USE: Computer crime Decentralized control UF: Decentralised control DDos attack Distrbuted control USE: Denial-of-service attack Distributed generation Distributed modeling DDSM BT: Control systems USE: Delta-sigma modulation RT: Flexible structures NT: Consensus control De broglie hypothesis Distributed parameter USE: Matter waves systems

De Broglie methods Decision analysis USE: Matter waves BT: Decision making Information analysis De-noising This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 122 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Decision feedback equalizers Signal processing BT: Equalizers Space-time codes Speech codecs Decision making Video codecs BT: Management NT: Maximum likelihood RT: Decision support systems decoding Expert systems Fuzzy cognitive maps Decontamination Planning BT: Materials handling Risk analysis RT: Chemical technology Signal detection Contamination Stakeholders Environmental monitoring Strategic planning Pollution control TOPSIS Purification NT: Analytic hierarchy process Collective intelligence Deconvolution Decision analysis BT: Inverse problems Distributed decision making RT: Convolution Game theory Integral equations Pattern classification Numerical analysis Persuasive systems Signal processing Trust management Signal restoration

Decision support systems Decorrelation BT: Artificial intelligence BT: Signal processing RT: Competitive intelligence Decision making Dedicated short range communication Knowledge based systems UF: DSRC BT: Wireless communication Decision theory RT: Intelligent vehicles BT: Cybernetics On board unit RT: Statistical learning Vehicular ad hoc networks NT: Decision trees TOPSIS Deductive databases UF: Intelligent databases Decision trees BT: Database systems UF: Tree searching Databases BT: Decision theory RT: Knowledge based systems RT: Random forests NT: Classification tree analysis Deep architecture Regression tree analysis BT: Software architecture Systems architecture Decoder RT: Machine learning USE: Decoding Neural networks NT: Deep learning Decoding UF: Decoder Deep brain stimulation BT: Information theory BT: Brain stimulation RT: Codecs Neurosurgery Codes RT: Neural implants Cyclic redundancy check Neurostimulation codes Demodulation Deep etching Parity check codes USE: Etching Product codes This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 123 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Deep learning Delay effects UF: Deep structured learning UF: Time delay Hierarchical learning BT: Electromagnetic analysis BT: Deep architecture RT: Delay lines Machine learning Delay systems Distortion Deep level transient spectroscopy Phase distortion BT: Semiconductor materials NT: Propagation delay Spectroscopy Delay estimation Deep space BT: Delays USE: Deep-space RT: Computer networks communications Multiaccess communication Speech processing Deep structured learning USE: Deep learning Delay lines BT: Delay systems Deep-space communications RT: Delay effects UF: Deep space BT: Space communications Delay lock loops RT: Telemetry USE: Tracking loops

Defence industry Delay systems USE: Defense industry BT: Control systems RT: Delay effects Defense industry Telerobotics UF: Defence industry NT: Added delay BT: Industries Delay lines RT: Military equipment Weapons Delays BT: Timing Defibrillation NT: Delay estimation BT: Medical treatment RT: Cardiology Delta modulation Fibrillation BT: Analog-digital conversion Digital signal processing Definitions NT: Delta-sigma modulation USE: Terminology Sigma-delta modulation

Deformable models Delta sigma BT: Modeling USE: Sigma-delta modulation

Deformation Delta sigma modulators USE: Strain USE: Delta-sigma modulation

Degenerative diseases Delta-sigma modulation BT: Diseases UF: DDSM Delta sigma modulators Degradation BT: Delta modulation BT: Materials science and technology Demagnetisation USE: Demagnetization Delamination BT: Materials testing Demagnetization UF: Demagnetisation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 124 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Magnetics BT: Communication system security Demand forecasting Computer security BT: Forecasting RT: Proof of Work RT: Production planning NT: Distributed denial-of-service attack Demand response BT: Power demand Denoising USE: Noise reduction Demand side management BT: Energy management Density estimation robust algorithm RT: Power system planning UF: DER Vehicle-to-grid BT: Algorithms

Dementia Density function BT: Diseases USE: Density functional theory NT: Alzheimer's disease Density function theory Demodulation USE: Density functional theory UF: Demodulators BT: Modulation Density functional theory RT: Amplitude modulation UF: Density function Decoding Density function theory Detectors Density-function Frequency modulation BT: Quantum mechanics Mixers Modems Density measurement Phase modulation BT: Measurement Pulse modulation RT: Bone density Receivers Current density Signal detection Pressure gauges NT: Hydrometers Demodulators USE: Demodulation Density-function USE: Density functional theory Demography BT: Social factors Dental USE: Dentistry Dempster?Shafer theory USE: Evidence theory Dentistry UF: Dental Demultiplexing BT: Medical treatment BT: Multiplexing RT: Arrayed waveguide gratings Dependability management BT: Management Dendrites (neurons) RT: Reliability UF: Dendrons Safety management BT: Neurons Depletion mode HEMTs Dendrons USE: D-HEMTs USE: Dendrites (neurons) Depletion-mode HEMTs Denial-of-service attack USE: D-HEMTs UF: DDos attack DoS attack Deployable structures This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 125 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Flexible structures RT: Building information management Depression Design optimization UF: Major depressive disorder NT: Design tools BT: Medical conditions Design for disassembly DER BT: Design methodology USE: Density estimation robust RT: Pollution algorithm Process design Product design Derailments Waste reduction USE: Railway accidents Design for experiments Dermatology BT: Design methodology BT: Medical specialties Design for manufacturabilty Dermis USE: Design for manufacture BT: Skin Design for manufacture Desalination UF: Design for manufacturabilty BT: Water conservation BT: Design methodology Water resources RT: Design tools RT: Reverse osmosis Design for quality Description logic BT: Design methodology BT: Knowledge representation RT: Process design Ontologies Product design Quality assurance Design Quality control USE: Design methodology Quality management Total quality management Design automation UF: CAD Design for testability Circuit CAD UF: Design-for-test Circuit design (CAD) Design-for-testability Circuit layout CAD Design-for-testing Computer aided design BT: Design methodology Computer-aided design RT: Built-in self-test BT: Electronic design Combinatorial testing automation and methodology Logic design RT: Automatic test pattern Logic testing generation Circuit simulation Design methodology Design tools UF: Design EMTDC BT: Electronic design Hardware design automation and methodology languages RT: Ergonomics Laser sintering Industrial engineering SPICE Logic design NT: CADCAM Optical design techniques Logic design Rapid prototyping PSCAD System analysis and design NT: Design for disassembly Design engineering Design for experiments BT: Engineering - general Design for manufacture This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 126 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Design for quality Design for testability Detectors Design standards BT: Sensor systems and Design tools applications Graphics RT: Chemical sensors Green design Demodulation Integrated design Fall detection Process design Nonlinear filters Product design Readout electronics Prototypes NT: Envelope detectors Technical drawing Semiconductor detectors Time to market User centered design Deuterium Virtual prototyping BT: Hydrogen

Design optimization Developing countries BT: Optimization methods BT: Economics RT: Design engineering Social factors NT: Constraint optimization RT: Cultural differences Digital divide Design standards Globalization BT: Design methodology Government policies International trade Design tools Investment BT: Design engineering Design methodology Device chargers RT: Design automation USE: Battery chargers Design for manufacture Instruments Device drivers Media BT: Input-output programs Product design RT: Computer peripherals Visualization Device-to-device communication Design-for-test UF: D2D USE: Design for testability BT: Communication systems RT: Base stations Design-for-testability Cellular networks USE: Design for testability Dew computing Design-for-testing UF: Cloud-dew architecture USE: Design for testability Cloud-dew computing Dew servers Desktop publishing BT: Distributed processing BT: Electronic publishing Software architecture Publishing RT: Client-server systems RT: Document handling Cloud computing Office automation Edge computing Page description languages Text processing Dew servers USE: Dew computing Detection (signal) USE: Signal detection DFA USE: Doped fiber amplifiers Detection algorithms BT: Algorithms DFIG This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 127 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Doubly fed induction Diamond carbon generators USE: Diamond-like carbon

DFT Diamond like carbon USE: Discrete Fourier transforms USE: Diamond-like carbon

DGPS Diamond-like carbon USE: Global Positioning System UF: Diamond carbon Diamond like carbon DH-HEMTs Hard amorphous carbon UF: Double heterojunction BT: Amorphous materials HEMTs RT: Biomedical materials BT: HEMTs Thin films Tissue engineering DHBTs USE: Double heterojunction Diamonds bipolar transistors USE: Diamond

Diabetes DICOM UF: Diabetic UF: Digital Imaging and BT: Medical conditions Communications in Medicine RT: Insulin pumps BT: Biomedical imaging Digital communication Diabetic USE: Diabetes Dictionaries BT: Information services Diacs Terminology USE: Thyristors Writing

Diagnosis (medical) Dictionary learning USE: Medical diagnosis USE: Machine learning

Diagnostic expert systems Die attach BT: Expert systems USE: Microassembly RT: Failure analysis Fault diagnosis Die bonding USE: Microassembly Diagnostic radiography BT: Radiography Die casting RT: Attenuation BT: Casting Magnetic resonance RT: Automobile manufacture imaging Dies Medical diagnosis Materials handling X-ray detection Melt processing Metals Diakoptics BT: System analysis and design Dielectric barrier discharges USE: Discharges (electric) Diamagnetic materials BT: Magnetic materials Dielectric breakdown UF: Dielectric strength Diamond Voltage breakdown UF: Diamonds BT: Electric breakdown BT: Carbon RT: Dielectric measurement Insulation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 128 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Lightning RT: Dielectric losses NT: Arc discharges Discharges (electric) Dielectric losses Electrostatic discharges UF: Dielelectric loss Flashover BT: Dielectrics Glow discharges RT: Dielectric loss Partial discharges measurement Surface discharges Insulation Vacuum breakdown Dielectric materials Dielectric constant UF: Antiferroelectric materials BT: Dielectrics Paraelectric materials RT: Capacitors BT: Materials Permittivity RT: Ceramics NT: High-k gate dielectrics Dielectric devices Dielectric thin films Dielectric devices Electrohydrodynamics BT: Dielectrics Electrokinetics RT: Dielectric materials Ferroelectric materials Dielectric resonator Glass antennas Insulation Electrets Loaded waveguides NT: Capacitors Permittivity Ferroelectric devices Plastic insulation Piezoelectric devices NT: Dielectric films Pyroelectric devices Dielectric liquids Electrets Dielectric elastomer actuators Epoxy resins BT: Actuators High-k dielectric materials NT: Dielectric elastomers Piezoelectric materials

Dielectric elastomers Dielectric measurement UF: Smart elastomers UF: Dielectric measurements BT: Dielectric elastomer BT: Electric variables actuators measurement RT: Smart materials RT: Capacitance measurement Dielectric breakdown Dielectric electroactive polymer actuators Electromagnetic USE: Actuators measurements NT: Dielectric loss Dielectric films measurement BT: Dielectric materials Permittivity measurement Films RT: Planarization Dielectric measurements Thick films USE: Dielectric measurement Thin films NT: Dielectric thin films Dielectric properties Piezoelectric films USE: Dielectrics

Dielectric liquids Dielectric resonator antennas UF: Liquid insulation BT: Antennas BT: Dielectric materials RT: Dielectric devices Resonance Dielectric loss measurement BT: Dielectric measurement Dielectric strength This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 129 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Dielectric breakdown Difference engines BT: Calculators Dielectric substrate USE: Dielectric substrates Difference equations BT: Equations Dielectric substrates RT: Discrete-time systems UF: Dielectric substrate Numerical analysis BT: Dielectrics Piecewise linear techniques

Dielectric thin films Differential algebraic equations BT: Dielectric films BT: Differential equations RT: Dielectric materials Polymer films Differential amplifiers Semiconductor films BT: Amplifiers

Dielectrics Differential equations UF: Dielectric properties BT: Calculus Electrical insulation RT: Differential games BT: Dielectrics and electrical Higher order statistics insulation Integrodifferential equations NT: Dielectric constant Numerical analysis Dielectric devices Predator prey systems Dielectric losses Stability analysis Dielectric substrates Time invariant systems Dielectrophoresis NT: Differential algebraic Electrohydrodynamics equations Electrokinetics Differential operators Electrostriction Navier-Stokes equations Ordinary differential Dielectrics and electrical insulation equations NT: Dielectrics Partial differential equations Electric breakdown Transfer functions Insulation Differential games Dielectrophoresis BT: Game theory BT: Dielectrics RT: Differential equations

Dielelectric loss Differential gears USE: Dielectric losses USE: Gears

Dies Differential GPS UF: Dies (machine tools) USE: Global Positioning System BT: Machine tools RT: Cutting tools Differential operators Die casting BT: Differential equations Presses Differential phase shift keying Dies (machine tools) UF: DPKS USE: Dies Differential phase-shift keying Diesel engines BT: Phase modulation BT: Internal combustion engines Differential phase-shift keying RT: Automotive engineering USE: Differential phase shift keying This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 130 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: DT-MRI Differential privacy DTI BT: Data privacy Diffusion tensor magnetic Statistics resonance imaging RT: Data protection BT: Magnetic resonance Information security imaging Privacy RT: Brain

Differential quadrature phase shift keying Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging BT: Quadrature phase shift USE: Diffusion tensor imaging keying Digestive system Differentiated services networks BT: Anatomy USE: Diffserv networks RT: Endomicroscopy NT: Colon Diffraction Esophagus UF: Wave diffraction Gallbladder BT: Interference Gastrointestinal tract RT: Bragg gratings Intestines Crystallography Liver Fourier transforms Mouth X-ray detection Pancreas Pharynx Diffraction gratings Stomach BT: Optical diffraction Tongue RT: Bragg gratings Digital age DiffServ USE: Information age USE: Diffserv networks Digital agriculture Diffserv networks UF: Smart farming UF: DiffServ e-agriculture Differentiated services BT: Agriculture networks Information processing BT: Computer networks RT: Food industry Distributed computing Food products RT: Internet Food technology Multimedia communication Digital alloys Diffusion bonding BT: Metals BT: Bonding processes RT: Ceramics Digital arithmetic UF: Computer arithmetic Diffusion processes BT: Arithmetic BT: Semiconductor device RT: Calculators manufacture Coprocessors RT: Brownian motion Buffer layers Digital art Charge carrier processes BT: Art Image denoising Image processing Digital audio broadcasting Stochastic processes UF: Digital audio broadcasts NT: Electromigration Podcast BT: Broadcasting Diffusion tensor imaging Digital communication This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 131 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Audio systems Portable media players Digital computers NT: Digital Radio Mondiale BT: Computers Digital audio players RT: Digital circuits Digital systems Digital audio broadcasts Digital-analog conversion USE: Digital audio broadcasting Parallel processing Programming Digital audio players Turing machines UF: MP3 NT: Mainframes BT: Digital audio broadcasting Digital control Digital camera UF: Computer control USE: Digital cameras BT: Control systems RT: Computer numerical control Digital cameras NT: Programmable control UF: Digital camera BT: Cameras Digital currency RT: Digital photography USE: Online banking

Digital circuits Digital divide BT: Circuits BT: Sociology RT: Digital computers RT: Cultural differences Logic circuits Developing countries Pulse circuits Economics Switching circuits Ethical aspects NT: Circuit topology Gender issues Digital integrated circuits Social factors Social implications of Digital communication technology UF: Digital radio BT: Communication systems Digital elevation modeling RT: Bluetooth USE: Digital elevation models Data communication Digital recording Digital elevation models Musical instrument digital UF: Digital elevation modeling interfaces Digital terrain model Synchronous digital Digital terrain modeling hierarchy Digital terrain models TCPIP BT: Modeling Teleprinting Terrain mapping NT: Baseband DICOM Digital factories DSL USE: Virtual manufacturing Digital audio broadcasting Digital images Digital filters Digital multimedia BT: Filters broadcasting RT: Frequency response Digital video broadcasting Line enhancers ISDN Optical resonators Passband Transversal filters Portable media players NT: Finite impulse response SONET filters Spread spectrum communication Digital forensics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 132 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Forensics RT: Computer security Digital modulation Data mining BT: Modulation Law enforcement NT: Constellation diagram Partial response signaling Digital health USE: Electronic healthcare Digital multimedia broadcasting UF: DMB Digital healthcare Digital multimedia USE: Electronic healthcare broadcasts BT: Broadcasting Digital image Digital communication USE: Digital images RT: Cellular radio Convolutional codes Digital images Digital TV UF: Digital image MPEG 4 Standard Digital imaging MPEG 7 Standard BT: Digital communication MPEG standards NT: Pixel Multimedia communication Radio broadcasting Digital imaging Video on demand USE: Digital images Digital multimedia broadcasts Digital Imaging and Communications in USE: Digital multimedia Medicine broadcasting USE: DICOM Digital photography Digital integrated circuits BT: Photography BT: Digital circuits RT: CCD image sensors Integrated circuits Cameras RT: Adders Digital cameras Logic circuits Transform coding Multiplying circuits NT: Integrated memory circuits Digital preservation BT: Digital systems Digital intelligence Information management BT: Human intelligence RT: Data integrity Man-machine systems RT: Behavioral sciences Digital printing Cognition BT: Printing Competitive intelligence RT: Publishing Digital systems Ethics Digital publishing Human factors USE: Electronic publishing Psychology Social intelligence Digital radio USE: Digital communication Digital magnetic recording BT: Magnetic recording Digital Radio Mondiale BT: Digital audio broadcasting Digital microfluidic biochips BT: Biochips Digital recording BT: Recording Digital micromirror devices RT: Digital communication USE: Micromirrors Digital systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 133 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Storage management Digital relays NT: Solid state drives BT: Relays Digital subscriber lines Digital representation USE: DSL BT: Encoding Image representation Digital subscriber loops Information representation USE: DSL RT: Augmented reality Quantization (signal) Digital systems Virtual reality BT: Computers and information processing Digital rights management RT: Communication systems BT: Intellectual property Computational and artificial RT: Computer crime intelligence Software protection Consumer electronics Cryptocurrency Digital sequences Digital computers USE: Sequences Digital intelligence Digital recording Digital signal processing Persistent identifiers UF: DSP Personal communication BT: Signal processing networks RT: Aerospace and electronic NT: Digital preservation systems Digital storage Digital TV Digital transformation Fast Fourier transforms ISDN OFDM Internet NT: Delta modulation Local area networks Digital signal processing Metropolitan area networks chips Token networks Virtual artifact Digital signal processing chips BT: Digital signal processing Digital terrain model USE: Digital elevation models Digital signal processors BT: Circuits Digital terrain modeling RT: Signal processing USE: Digital elevation models

Digital signatures Digital terrain models BT: Security USE: Digital elevation models RT: Message authentication Message systems Digital to analog conversion USE: Digital-analog conversion Digital simulation BT: Simulation Digital to analog converters RT: Computer aided analysis USE: Digital-analog conversion Modeling Power system analysis Digital transformation computing BT: Digital systems NT: Digital twin RT: Augmented reality Discrete event simulation Internet of Things Virtual reality Digital storage BT: Digital systems Digital TV This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 134 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: TV USE: Digital-analog conversion RT: Digital multimedia broadcasting Digital-analogue converters Digital signal processing USE: Digital-analog conversion HbbTV Standards NT: HDTV Digital-controlled oscillators IPTV BT: Oscillators

Digital twin Digital-to-analog conversion BT: Cyber-physical systems USE: Digital-analog conversion Digital simulation RT: Augmented reality Digital-to-analog converters Internet of Things USE: Digital-analog conversion Virtual reality Digital-to-frequency converters Digital versatile discs BT: Converters USE: DVD Dike Digital video broadcasting USE: Levee UF: Digital video broadcasts BT: Broadcasting DIL Digital communication USE: Electronics packaging

Digital video broadcasts Dimension reduction USE: Digital video broadcasting USE: Dimensionality reduction

Digital video discs Dimensionality reduction USE: DVD UF: Dimension reduction BT: Information retrieval Digital watermarking Machine learning USE: Watermarking Statistics NT: Manifold learning Digital-analog USE: Digital-analog conversion Dinosaurs BT: Animals Digital-analog conversion UF: D/A Diode lasers D/A conversion UF: Laser diodes D/A converters BT: Diodes Digital to analog conversion Lasers Digital to analog converters Digital-analog Diodes Digital-analog converters BT: Electronic components Digital-analogue conversion Voltage multipliers Digital-analogue converters RT: Breakdown voltage Digital-to-analog conversion Optical transmitters Digital-to-analog converters Semiconductor diodes BT: Data conversion NT: Diode lasers RT: Digital computers Interpolation DIP USE: Electronics packaging Digital-analog converters USE: Digital-analog conversion Dip coating BT: Coatings Digital-analogue conversion This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 135 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Dipole antennas USE: Direction-of-arrival BT: Antennas estimation

Direct broadcast satellites Direction of arrival estimation USE: Satellite broadcasting USE: Direction-of-arrival estimation Direct current generators USE: DC generators Direction-finding USE: Navigation Direct current machines USE: DC machines Direction-of-arrival estimation UF: Bearing estimation Direct current motors DOA estimation USE: DC motors Direction of arrival Direction of arrival Direct current power transmission estimation USE: DC power transmission Estimation of the direction of arrival Direct sequence CDMA BT: Parameter estimation USE: Direct-sequence code- RT: Array signal processing division multiple access Position measurement Spectral analysis Direct sequence code division multiple access Time of arrival estimation USE: Direct-sequence code- division multiple access Directional antennas BT: Antennas Direct sequence spread spectrum communication Directional couplers BT: Radio spectrum BT: Couplers management RT: Hybrid junctions RT: Bandwidth Modulation Directive antennas BT: Antennas Direct-sequence CDMA USE: Direct-sequence code- Disaster and recovery division multiple access USE: Disaster management

Direct-sequence code-division multiple Disaster management access UF: Disaster and recovery UF: Direct sequence CDMA Disaster planning Direct sequence code BT: Contingency management division multiple access Direct-sequence CDMA Disaster planning BT: Multiaccess communication USE: Disaster management

Directed acyclic graph Discharge lamps BT: Graph theory BT: Lamps RT: Blockchain NT: High intensity discharge lamps Directed graphs BT: Graph theory Discharges (electric) NT: Fuzzy cognitive maps UF: Dielectric barrier discharges Gas discharges Direction of arrival Ozone generators Ozonizers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 136 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Dielectric breakdown RT: Asymptotic stability RT: Electrostatic processes Control systems Gas discharge devices Difference equations Gases NT: Sampled data systems Ionization Plasmas Discussion forums BT: Collaboration Discrete cosine transforms UF: DCT Diseases BT: Discrete transforms BT: Medical conditions RT: Chebyshev approximation RT: Epidemics Medical diagnosis Discrete element method Metastasis USE: Finite element analysis Pandemics Pathology Discrete event simulation NT: Acquired immune BT: Digital simulation deficiency syndrome NT: Time warp simulation Alcoholism Arteriosclerosis Discrete event systems Arthritis USE: Discrete-event systems Bacterial infections Bone diseases Discrete Fourier transforms COVID-19 UF: DFT Cancer BT: Fourier transforms Cardiovascular diseases RT: Signal processing Degenerative diseases Dementia Discrete Fournier transforms Epilepsy USE: Discrete transforms Human immunodeficiency virus Discrete time systems Infectious diseases USE: Discrete-time systems Influenza Multiple sclerosis Discrete transforms Neurological diseases UF: Discrete Fournier Parasitic diseases transforms Parkinson's disease BT: Transforms Pathogens NT: Discrete cosine transforms Pulmonary diseases Retinopathy Discrete wavelet transforms BT: Wavelet transforms Disk drives RT: Finite impulse response BT: Computer peripherals filters RT: Disk recording Perpendicular magnetic Discrete-event systems recording UF: Discrete event systems BT: Signal analysis Disk recording RT: Control systems BT: Recording Manufacturing RT: Disk drives Petri nets Production systems Disks (structures) USE: Structural discs Discrete-time systems UF: Discrete time systems Dismissal (employment) BT: Time factors USE: Termination of employment This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 137 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Head-up displays Dispatching Liquid crystal devices BT: Object oriented Microdisplays programming Readout electronics RT: Materials handling Three-dimensional displays Two dimensional displays Dispersed power generation USE: Distributed power Disruption tolerant networking generation BT: Computer network management Dispersion UF: Dispersion effect Disruptive innovation Dispersion measurement BT: Business Dispersion relations RT: Disruptive technologies Dispersive Entrepreneurship BT: Signal processing Market opportunities RT: Refractive index Technological innovation NT: Chromatic dispersion Optical fiber dispersion Disruptive technologies BT: Technology Dispersion effect RT: Disruptive innovation USE: Dispersion Market opportunities Technological innovation Dispersion measurement USE: Dispersion Dissolved air flotation USE: Wastewater treatment Dispersion relations USE: Dispersion BT: Fault diagnosis Dispersive USE: Dispersion Distance USE: Distance measurement Displacement control BT: Mechanical variables Distance learning control UF: Remote learning BT: Learning (artificial Displacement measurement intelligence) BT: Mechanical variables RT: Adaptive learning measurement Electronic learning Mobile learning Display systems BT: Displays Distance measurement UF: Distance Displays Ranging BT: Optical devices BT: Measurement RT: Character generation RT: Micrometers Graphics Position measurement Thin film transistors NT: Euclidean distance User interfaces NT: Active matrix technology Distance relays Cathode ray tubes USE: Protective relaying Computer displays Display systems Distillation columns Flat panel displays USE: Distillation equipment Head-mounted displays This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 138 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Distillation equipment BT: Computers and information UF: Distillation columns processing BT: Chemical technology RT: Cloud computing Computer networks Distortion Concurrency control UF: Distortion information Data communication BT: Signal processing Distributed ledger RT: Delay effects Local area networks Distortion measurement Metropolitan area networks Image restoration Mobile agents Interference Multiprocessing systems Noise Semantic Web Rate distortion theory Software agents Signal restoration Software architecture NT: Acoustic distortion NT: Client-server systems Four-wave mixing Cluster computing Jitter Collaborative work Nonlinear distortion Diffserv networks Phase distortion Distributed databases Distributed information Distortion information systems USE: Distortion Internet Metacomputing Distortion measurement Peer-to-peer computing UF: Acoustic distortion measurement Distributed databases Electric distortion BT: Databases measurement Distributed computing Optical distortion RT: Concurrency control measurement Distributed ledger BT: Measurement NoSQL databases RT: Distortion Noise measurement Distributed decision making NT: Total harmonic distortion BT: Decision making

Distrbuted control Distributed denial-of-service attack USE: Decentralized control UF: DDoS BT: Denial-of-service attack Distributed algorithms RT: Botnet BT: Algorithms Computer crime

Distributed amplifiers Distributed energy resources BT: Amplifiers USE: Distributed power generation Distributed antennas USE: Antenna arrays Distributed feedback devices UF: Distributed feedback lasers Distributed Bragg reflectors BT: Laser applications UF: DBR RT: Feedback circuits BT: Mirrors Optical feedback RT: Integrated optics Vertical cavity surface Distributed feedback lasers emitting lasers USE: Distributed feedback devices Distributed computing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 139 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Distributed generation BT: Power generation USE: Decentralized control AND RT: Hybrid power systems Distributed power Microgrids generation Vehicle-to-grid

Distributed information systems Distributed processing BT: Distributed computing UF: Volunteer computing Information systems BT: System analysis and design NT: Distributed management RT: Cluster computing Publish-subscribe Crowdsourcing Software defined Distributed ledger networking UF: DLT NT: Dew computing Hyper ledger Edge computing Hyperledger Message passing Shared ledger BT: Online banking Distributed vision networks RT: Blockchain UF: Distributed vision Cryptocurrency processing Distributed computing BT: System analysis and design Distributed databases RT: Computer vision Peer-to-peer computing Embedded computing Smart cameras Distributed management Wireless sensor networks BT: Distributed information systems Distributed vision processing Management USE: Distributed vision networks RT: Collaborative intelligence Distribution functions Distributed management task force BT: Statistical distributions USE: DMTF RT: Probability Probability density function Distributed modeling USE: Decentralized control Distribution networks BT: Supply chains Distributed parameter circuits UF: Nonuniform transmission Distribution of electric power lines USE: Power distribution Transmission line circuits BT: Circuits Distribution strategy RT: Microwave circuits BT: Marketing management Millimeter wave circuits Transmission lines Disturbance observers BT: Observers Distributed parameter systems RT: Adaptive control BT: Decentralized control Robust control

Distributed power generation Diversity gain UF: Dispersed power USE: Diversity methods generation Distributed energy Diversity methods resources UF: Diversity gain Distributed generation BT: Transmitters Embedded power RT: Fading channels generation Multipath channels This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 140 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Radio communication USE: Direction-of-arrival estimation Diversity reception BT: Signal resolution Docking stations RT: SIMO communication USE: Computer interfaces SISO communication Telecommunications DOCSIS USE: Data over cable service Diversity schemes interface specification BT: Telecommunication network reliability Doctor RT: Fading channels USE: Medical services Interference Document delivery Diving equipment BT: Information services USE: Underwater equipment NT: Ask IEEE

DLT Document handling USE: Distributed ledger BT: Data handling Information management DMB RT: Content management USE: Digital multimedia Desktop publishing broadcasting Information retrieval Office automation DMTF Publishing UF: Distributed management Semantic Web task force Text processing BT: Standards organizations NT: Document image processing DMTF Standards Portable document format BT: Standards publications RT: Common Information Model Document image processing (computing) BT: Document handling RT: Portable document format DNA BT: Genetics Documentation RT: Biological cells UF: Computer documentation Biological information Software documentation theory BT: Writing Cloning RT: Engineering drawings DNA computing Manuals Epigenetics Software Genetic communication NT: Point of care Molecular biophysics NT: Genetic mutations DoD USE: US Department of Defense DNA computing BT: Computers and information DoE processing USE: US Department of Energy Nanobioscience RT: DNA Dogs Molecular computing BT: Animals

DOA estimation Dolphins BT: Marine animals This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 141 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Measurement Domain Name System RT: Doppler effect BT: Computer networks Doppler radar Frequency measurement Domain specific languages Motion measurement UF: Domain-specific languages Velocity measurement BT: Specification languages Doppler radar Domain-specific languages BT: Radar USE: Domain specific languages RT: Doppler effect Doppler measurement Domestic appliances USE: Home appliances Doppler shift BT: Doppler effect Domestic induction appliances USE: Home appliances DoS attack USE: Computer crime AND Domestic safety Denial-of-service attack UF: Safety in the home BT: Safety Dosimetry RT: Accidents UF: Radiation dosimetry Consumer products BT: Measurement Electrical safety RT: Collimators Occupational health Neutron capture therapy Occupational safety Phantoms Smoke detectors Radiation detectors NT: Fall detection Radiation monitoring Radiation protection Doped fiber amplifiers UF: DFA DOT BT: Optical amplifiers USE: US Department of Transportation Doping BT: Materials preparation Double gate FETs RT: Semiconductor device USE: Double-gate FETs doping Silicon devices Double heterojunction bipolar transistors NT: Doping profiles UF: DHBTs BT: Heterojunction bipolar Doping profiles transistors BT: Doping RT: Optimization Double heterojunction HEMTs Thin film devices USE: DH-HEMTs

Doppler Double-gate FETs USE: Doppler effect UF: Double gate FETs BT: Field effect transistors Doppler effect RT: Silicon-on-insulator UF: Doppler BT: Waves Doubly fed induction generators RT: Doppler measurement UF: DFIG Doppler radar BT: Induction generators NT: Doppler shift RT: Wind turbines

Doppler measurement Downlink This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 142 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Satellite communication RT: Cellular radio Driver circuits BT: Circuits DP industry RT: Power transistors USE: Computer industry Driver free automobiles DPKS USE: Autonomous automobiles USE: Differential phase shift keying Driver free cars USE: Autonomous automobiles Drag BT: Fluid dynamics Driver-free car RT: Friction USE: Autonomous automobiles

Drain avalanche hot carrier injection Driverless automobiles UF: Drain avalanche hot-carrier USE: Autonomous automobiles injection BT: Hot carrier injection Driverless cars USE: Autonomous automobiles Drain avalanche hot-carrier injection USE: Drain avalanche hot carrier Drives injection BT: Machinery RT: Mechanical power DRAM transmission USE: DRAM chips Sensorless control Torque converters DRAM chips NT: Hydraulic drives UF: DRAM Motor drives BT: Random access memory Variable speed drives RT: Solid state drives Drones Dredging BT: Unmanned aerial vehicles USE: Excavation Drug delivery Drift velocity UF: Drug delivery systems USE: Electron mobility BT: Biomedical engineering RT: Nanocarriers Drilling NT: Targeted drug delivery UF: Drilling (machining) BT: Machining Drug delivery systems RT: Boring USE: Drug delivery Deburring Drilling machines Drugs Geoengineering BT: Pharmaceuticals Oil drilling RT: Biochemistry Chemical analysis Drilling (machining) Chemistry USE: Drilling Chemotherapy Molecular biomarkers Drilling machines NT: Antibiotics BT: Machine tools Antidepressants RT: Drilling Aspirin Cancer drugs Drilling oil Insulin USE: Oil drilling This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 143 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Dry etching RT: Video recording BT: Etching DVD-ROM DSL USE: DVD UF: Digital subscriber lines Digital subscriber loops Dynamic algorithms BT: Digital communication USE: Heuristic algorithms

DSP Dynamic compiler USE: Digital signal processing BT: Runtime

DSRC Dynamic equilibrium USE: Dedicated short range BT: Measurement techniques communication NT: Steady-state

DT-MRI Dynamic program analysis USE: Diffusion tensor imaging USE: Performance analysis

DTI Dynamic programming USE: Diffusion tensor imaging BT: Algorithms RT: Markov processes Dual band Neural networks UF: Dual-band Viterbi algorithm Dualband BT: Mobile communication Dynamic range RT: GSM BT: Measurement Mobile handsets Roaming Dynamic scheduling BT: Scheduling Dual inline packaging USE: Electronics packaging Dynamic service delivery USE: Network resource Dual-band management USE: Dual band Dynamic spectrum access Dualband BT: Radio transceivers USE: Dual band RT: Telecommunication network topology Ducts Wireless communication BT: Structural shapes RT: Air conditioning Dynamic systems Vents USE: Dynamical systems

Dusty plasma Dynamic voltage scaling USE: Dusty plasmas UF: Self-dynamic voltage scaling Dusty plasmas BT: Computer architecture UF: Dusty plasma Voltage BT: Plasma properties Dynamical systems DVD UF: Dynamic systems UF: DVD-ROM BT: Mathematics Digital versatile discs NT: Nonlinear dynamical Digital video discs systems BT: Video coding This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 144 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Dynamics BT: Mechanical factors E-health records RT: Control theory USE: Electronic medical records Force Friction E-learning Vibrations USE: Electronic learning NT: Aerodynamics Elastodynamics E-mail Electrodynamics USE: Electronic mail Hydrodynamics Magnetohydrodynamics E-publishing USE: Electronic publishing USE: Generators E-reader USE: Electronic publishing Dynamometers UF: Dyno E-voting BT: Force measurement USE: Electronic voting Meters Power measurement E-waste Torque measurement USE: Electronic waste

Dyno Ear USE: Dynamometers BT: Head Sense organs Dysprosium RT: Cochlear implants BT: Chemical elements NT: Dysprosium compounds EAROM USE: EPROM Dysprosium compounds BT: Dysprosium Earphones USE: Headphones E health USE: Electronic healthcare Earth BT: Geoscience E learning Planets USE: Electronic learning RT: Geophysics Remote sensing e-agriculture Soil USE: Digital agriculture Terrain factors Terrain mapping E-banking USE: Online banking Earth atmosphere USE: Terrestrial atmosphere E-books USE: Electronic publishing Earth observation system USE: Earth Observing System E-commerce USE: Electronic commerce Earth Observing System UF: EOS E-currency Earth observation system USE: Online banking BT: Artificial satellites Observers E-government NT: Global Earth Observation USE: Electronic government System of Systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 145 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Electronic countermeasures Earth science USE: Geoscience Eco design USE: Ecodesign earthing USE: Grounding Eco-design USE: Ecodesign Earthquake engineering UF: Seismic retrofitting Ecodesign BT: Earthquakes UF: Eco design RT: Seismology Eco-design BT: Green design Earthquakes RT: Energy conservation BT: Geoscience Environmental factors RT: Seismic waves Seismology Ecology NT: Earthquake engineering BT: Environmental factors RT: Entomology Eavesdropping UF: Cyber eavesdropping Ecommerce Cybereavesdropping USE: Electronic commerce BT: Privacy RT: Computer security Econometrics BT: Economics ECC RT: Costs USE: Elliptic curve cryptography Cybernetics AND Mathematics Error correction codes Profitability Regression analysis ECCM Statistics USE: Electronic countermeasures NT: Economic forecasting

ECG Economic forecasting USE: Electrocardiography BT: Econometrics Forecasting Echo cancellation RT: Economic indicators USE: Echo cancellers Economic indicators Echo cancellers UF: Cost of living index UF: Echo cancellation Cost-of-living index BT: Active noise reduction GDP GNP Echo interference Gross domestic product BT: Interference Gross national product RT: Clutter Harmonised index of TV interference consumer prices Harmonized index of Echocardiography consumer prices UF: ECHOEG Index of production BT: Cardiography Interest rates RPI ECHOEG Retail price index USE: Echocardiography BT: Economics RT: Economic forecasting ECM Exchange rates This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 146 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Share prices RT: Consensus protocol Low-carbon economy Economics NT: Wetlands BT: Engineering management RT: Bankruptcy EDA Commercial law USE: Electronic design Cost accounting automation and methodology Digital divide Econophysics Eddy current losses Finance USE: Eddy currents Planning NT: Access charges Eddy current testing Costs BT: Eddy currents Developing countries RT: Finite element analysis Econometrics Economic indicators Eddy currents Electronic commerce UF: Eddy current losses Environmental economics BT: Electromagnetic induction Exchange rates RT: Magnetic losses Fuel economy NT: Eddy current testing International trade Macroeconomics EDFA Microeconomics USE: Erbium-doped fiber Monopoly amplifiers Oligopoly Power generation Edge computing economics UF: Fog computing Profitability BT: Application virtualization Sharing economy Distributed processing Stock markets RT: Cloud computing Supply and demand Computer applications Trade agreements Dew computing Venture capital Mobile computing Virtual enterprises Wireless sensor networks

Economies of scale Edge detection BT: Microeconomics USE: Image edge detection RT: Industrial economics EDTV Econophysics USE: HDTV BT: Cybernetics RT: Chaos Education Complexity theory UF: Inverted classroom Economics Reverse teaching Fractals Teaching Information theory RT: Personnel Knowledge acquisition NT: Adaptive learning Nonlinear dynamical Career development systems Educational courses Philosophical Educational institutions considerations Educational programs Science - general Educational technology Engineering education Ecosystems Training BT: Environmental factors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 147 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Educational courses BT: Education Effluents RT: Computer aided instruction BT: Waste materials Educational programs RT: Flue gases STEM Industrial waste NT: Curriculum development Waste disposal Open Educational Waste management Resources Water pollution

Educational institutions Ehealth UF: Colleges USE: Electronic healthcare Schools Universities Eigenfunctions BT: Education USE: Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Educational programs BT: Education Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues RT: Curriculum development USE: Eigenvalues and Educational courses eigenfunctions NT: Accreditation Continuing education Eigenplaces Pre-college engineering USE: Eigenvalues and STEM eigenfunctions Scholarships Self-study courses Eigenvalues Seminars USE: Eigenvalues and Tutorials eigenfunctions

Educational robots Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions BT: Robots UF: Eigenfunctions RT: Engineering education Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues Educational technology Eigenplaces UF: Audio-visual instructional Eigenvalues aids BT: Mathematics Instructional aids RT: Asymptotic stability Programmed instruction Functional analysis BT: Education Linear algebra RT: Audio-visual systems Vectors Visualization NT: Computer aided instruction EKG Courseware USE: Electrocardiography Electronic learning Elastic computing EEG BT: Cloud computing USE: Electroencephalography Resource management

EEPROM Elastic recovery USE: EPROM BT: Materials testing

Effective mass Elasticity BT: Energy states BT: Material properties RT: Strain EFFF USE: Field-flow fractionation Elastodynamics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 148 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Dynamics BT: Current control RT: Seismic waves RT: Power control Vibrations Power transmission Voltage control Elastography NT: correction BT: Biomedical imaging Shunts (electrical)

Elbow Electric current measurement BT: Extremities USE: Current measurement

Elderly Electric distortion measurement USE: Senior citizens USE: Distortion measurement

Elearning Electric fences USE: Electronic learning BT: Electric machines

Electrets Electric field BT: Dielectric materials USE: Electric fields RT: Capacitors Ceramics Electric fields Dielectric devices UF: Electric field BT: Electromagnetic fields Electric admittance RT: Electrohydrodynamics USE: Admittance Electrokinetics Electrostatic analysis Electric ballast Electrostatic processes USE: Electronic ballasts Maxwell equations Synchrotrons Electric breakdown NT: Acoustoelectric effects UF: Breakdown Casimir effect BT: Dielectrics and electrical Nonuniform electric fields insulation RT: Aging Electric generators Fault currents BT: Generators NT: Avalanche breakdown RT: Nanogenerators Corona Dielectric breakdown Electric heating Sparks USE: Resistance heating

Electric characteristics Electric impedance USE: Electric variables USE: Impedance

Electric coils Electric machines USE: Coils BT: Machinery RT: Windings Electric condensers NT: AC machines USE: Capacitors Alternators Brushless machines Electric conductivity Compressors USE: Conductivity Conductors DC machines Electric current Electric fences USE: Current Generators Permanent magnet Electric current control machines This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 149 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Rotating machines Capacitance-voltage Rotors characteristics Stators Conductivity Washing machines Current Current-voltage Electric motors characteristics BT: Motors Electric potential NT: Planar motors Gain Impedance Electric potential Impedance matching BT: Electric variables Inductance Permittivity Electric power Piezoresistance USE: Power electronics AND Q-factor Power systems Resistance Voltage Electric resistance Wiring UF: Electrical resistivity BT: Resistance Electric variables control BT: Power engineering and Electric sensing devices energy BT: Sensor systems and RT: Electric variables applications Frequency control Phase control Electric shock Regulators UF: Shock NT: Current control BT: Bioelectric phenomena Gain control RT: Accidents Power control Electrical accidents Power system control Grounding Reactive power control Occupational health Voltage control Occupational safety Safety Electric variables measurement BT: Measurement Electric stimulation therapy RT: Electric variables USE: Electrical stimulation Electromagnetic measurements Electric utilities Frequency measurement USE: Electricity supply industry Gain measurement AND Integrated circuit Power industry measurements Noise measurement Electric variables Oscilloscopes UF: Current voltage Phase measurement characteristics Pulse measurements Electric characteristics Transducers Electrical characteristics NT: Admittance measurement BT: Instrumentation and Ammeters measurement Attenuation measurement RT: Electric variables control Capacitance measurement Electric variables Conductivity measurement measurement Current measurement Frequency Dielectric measurement NT: Admittance Electrical resistance Capacitance measurement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 150 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Electrostatic measurements Energy measurement Electrical characteristics Impedance measurement USE: Electric variables Inductance measurement Partial discharge Electrical conductivity measurement USE: Conductivity Phasor measurement units Power measurement Electrical double layer capacitors Q measurement USE: Supercapacitors Rydberg atoms Transmission line Electrical engineering measurements BT: Engineering - general Voltage measurement RT: Engineering profession Research and development Electric vehicle charging NT: Electrical engineering UF: EV charging computing BT: Battery chargers Electric vehicles Electrical engineering computing BT: Electrical engineering Electric vehicles RT: Computer applications BT: Land vehicles RT: Charging stations Electrical engineering education NT: Battery powered vehicles BT: Engineering education Electric vehicle charging NT: Electronics engineering Fuel cell vehicles education Hybrid electric vehicles Plug-in electric vehicles Electrical engineering industry Solar powered vehicles BT: Industries Vehicle-to-grid Electrical equipment industry Electrical accidents BT: Power industry BT: Accidents RT: Electrical products industry RT: Bioelectric phenomena Electricity supply industry Electric shock Electronics industry Electrical safety Electrical fault detection Electrical appliances BT: Circuit faults USE: Electrical products tomography Electrical ballast BT: Tomography USE: Electronic ballasts Electrical insulation Electrical ballasts USE: Dielectrics BT: Current control Lighting Electrical products RT: High intensity discharge UF: Electrical appliances lamps BT: Electrical products industry Inductors Manufactured products RT: Consumer products NT: Washing machines Electrical brain stimulation USE: Electrical stimulation Electrical products industry BT: Manufacturing industries Electrical capacitance tomography RT: Electrical equipment BT: Tomography industry This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 151 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Electronics industry Electricity market NT: Electrical products Power supply industry BT: Power industry Electrical resistance measurement RT: Electrical equipment UF: Ohmmeters industry BT: Electric variables Power demand measurement Power distribution RT: Resistance Power quality Power system faults Electrical resistivity Power system planning USE: Electric resistance Power system restoration Public infrastructure Electrical safety NT: Electricity supply industry BT: Power system protection deregulation RT: Domestic safety Electrical accidents Electricity supply industry deregulation Islanding UF: Electricity supply industry Partial discharge liberalisation measurement Electricity supply industry NT: Fault protection liberalization Grounding Electricity supply industry privatisation Electrical stimulation Electricity supply industry UF: Electric stimulation therapy privatization Electrical brain stimulation BT: Electricity supply industry Microelectronic stimulation Power generation Spinal cord stimulation economics BT: Medical treatment RT: Power system economics NT: Power markets Electrically alterable read only memory USE: EPROM Electricity supply industry liberalisation USE: Electricity supply industry Electrically erasable programmable read only deregulation memory USE: EPROM Electricity supply industry liberalization USE: Electricity supply industry Electricity deregulation BT: Science - general NT: Photoelectricity Electricity supply industry privatisation Piezoelectricity USE: Electricity supply industry Pyroelectricity deregulation Thermoelectricity Triboelectricity Electricity supply industry privatization USE: Electricity supply industry Electricity grids deregulation USE: Power grids Electricity trading Electricity market USE: Power markets USE: Electricity supply industry Electro hydraulics Electricity markets USE: Electrohydraulics USE: Power markets Electro oculography Electricity supply industry USE: Electrooculography UF: Electric utilities This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 152 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Electro-chromic devices Electrocatalysis USE: Electrochromic devices BT: Catalysis Electrochemistry Electro-fluid dynamics RT: Electrocatalysts USE: Electrohydrodynamics Electrocatalysts Electro-oculography BT: Catalysts USE: Electrooculography RT: Electrocatalysis Electrochemistry Electro-optic deflectors Mesoporous materials USE: Electrooptic deflectors Electrochemical deposition Electro-optic effects UF: Electroplating USE: Electrooptic effects BT: Surface treatment RT: Materials processing Electro-optic modulators USE: Electrooptic modulators Electrochemical devices BT: Industry applications Electro-optical devices RT: Electrochemical processes UF: Electrooptic devices Power engineering and Electrooptical devices energy BT: Lasers and electrooptics Synapses RT: Electroluminescent devices NT: Amperometric sensors Electrooptic effects Batteries Liquid crystal devices Battery management Optical bistability systems Optoelectronic devices Fuel cells NT: Electrochromic devices Supercapacitors Electrooptic deflectors Electrooptic modulators Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy BT: Spectroscopy Electro-osmosis RT: Electrochemical processes BT: Osmosis Electrochemical machining Electroacoustic devices UF: Electrolytic machining USE: Acoustoelectric devices BT: Machining RT: Micromachining Electroacoustic effects USE: Acoustoelectric effects Electrochemical processes UF: Electrolysis Electroactive polymer actuators BT: Industry applications USE: Actuators RT: Chemical industry Electrochemical devices Electroactive polymers Electrochemical impedance USE: Polymers spectroscopy Electrolytes Electrobiology USE: Bioelectric phenomena Electrochemistry BT: Chemistry Electrocardiography RT: Electrocatalysts UF: ECG NT: Electrocatalysis EKG BT: Cardiography Electrochromic devices RT: Biomedical equipment UF: Electro-chromic devices BT: Electro-optical devices This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 153 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Electrochromism Electrofluid dynamics Electrostrictive Electrochromism hydrodynamics BT: Electrooptic effects BT: Dielectrics RT: Color Hydrodynamics Electrochromic devices RT: Dielectric materials Electric fields Electrodeless lamps Electrokinetics BT: Lamps Electrokinetics Electrodes BT: Dielectrics BT: Electronic components RT: Dielectric materials RT: Air gaps Electric fields Electron emission Electrohydrodynamics Electron tubes Electrophysiology Electroluminescence Metal-insulator structures BT: Luminescence Spark gaps RT: Electrooptic effects NT: Anodes Organic light emitting diodes Microelectrodes NT: Electroluminescent devices

Electrodynamics Electroluminescent devices BT: Dynamics BT: Electroluminescence Waves Light sources RT: Electromagnetic fields Luminescent devices Electron beams RT: Electro-optical devices Electron optics Electron tubes Electrolysis Ion beams USE: Electrochemical processes Particle beam optics NT: Electromagnetic wave Electrolytes polarization BT: Conducting materials RT: Electrochemical processes Electroencephalography Supercapacitors UF: EEG BT: Biomedical measurement Electrolytic machining RT: Bioelectric phenomena USE: Electrochemical machining Biomedical equipment Brain Electromagnetic absorbers Electrooculography BT: Electromagnetic wave Medical diagnosis absorption

Electrofluid dynamics Electromagnetic analysis USE: Electrohydrodynamics BT: Electromagnetics RT: Electrostatic analysis Electrohydraulics Magnetic analysis UF: Electro hydraulics Mie scattering BT: Hydraulic systems NT: Air gaps RT: Fluid flow Characteristic mode Liquids analysis Magnetohydrodynamics Computational electromagnetics Electrohydrodynamics Delay effects UF: Electro-fluid dynamics Electromagnetic fields This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 154 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Electromagnetic forces Electromagnetic refraction Electromagnetic fields Permeability BT: Electromagnetic analysis Spark gaps RT: Computational Time-domain analysis electromagnetics Electrodynamics Electromagnetic beams Electromagnetic diffraction USE: Beams Electromagnetic propagation Electromagnetic compatibility Electromagnetic radiation UF: EMC Electromagnetic reflection BT: Electromagnetic Electromagnetic refraction compatibility and interference Electromagnetic scattering NT: Immunity testing Magnetic fields Reverberation chambers Mie scattering NT: Electric fields Electromagnetic compatibility and Electromagnetic field theory interference Electromagnetic spectrum RT: Electromagnetic Windings interference Open area test sites Electromagnetic forces TEM cells BT: Electromagnetic analysis NT: Electromagnetic RT: Electromagnetic launching compatibility Magnetic forces Electromagnetics Mie scattering Interference Electromagnetic guns Electromagnetic coupling USE: Electromagnetic launching BT: Electromagnetics RT: Circulators Electromagnetic heating Couplers UF: Microwave heating Electromagnetic induction BT: Heating systems Electromagnetic shielding RT: Hyperthermia NT: Mutual coupling Induction heating Optical coupling Electromagnetic induction Electromagnetic devices UF: Induction (electromagnetic) BT: Electromagnetics BT: Electromagnetics RT: Magnetic gears RT: Electromagnetic coupling NT: Baluns Geomagnetism Magnetic communication Electromagnetic diffraction NT: Eddy currents BT: Electromagnetic Inductive power propagation transmission RT: Electromagnetic fields NT: Optical diffraction Electromagnetic interference Physical theory of UF: EMI diffraction Electromagnetic noise X-ray diffraction RF interference Radio interference Electromagnetic field theory BT: Interference BT: Electromagnetic fields RT: Crosstalk RT: Computational Electromagnetic electromagnetics compatibility and interference Optical fiber theory Environmental factors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 155 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Immunity testing BT: Electromagnetic Noise measurements Open area test sites TEM cells Electromagnetic modelling NT: Radiofrequency USE: Electromagnetic modeling interference Specific absorption rate Electromagnetic noise USE: Electromagnetic Electromagnetic launching interference UF: Electromagnetic guns Electromagnetic propulsion Electromagnetic propagation Launching UF: Electromagnetic wave (electromagnetic) propagation BT: Propulsion BT: Antennas and propagation RT: Electromagnetic forces Propagation Electrothermal launching RT: Electromagnetic fields NT: Coilguns Electromagnetic transients Railguns Electromagnetic waveguides Electromagnetic measurements Magnetostatic waves BT: Measurement Mie scattering RT: Anechoic chambers Waves Antenna measurements NT: Electromagnetic diffraction Dielectric measurement Electromagnetic Electric variables propagation in absorbing media measurement Electromagnetic reflection Frequency measurement Microwave propagation Mie scattering Millimeter wave Reflectometry propagation Wavelength measurement Optical propagation NT: Electromagnetic modeling Propagation constant Linearity Propagation losses Microwave measurement Radio propagation Millimeter wave Radiowave propagation measurements Submillimeter wave Parameter extraction propagation Polarimetry UHF propagation Radiometry Submillimeter wave Electromagnetic propagation in absorbing measurements media BT: Electromagnetic Electromagnetic metamaterials propagation BT: Electromagnetics Metamaterials Electromagnetic propulsion RT: Optical metamaterials USE: Electromagnetic launching Photonics Split ring resonators Electromagnetic pulse NT: Terahertz metamaterials USE: EMP radiation effects

Electromagnetic model Electromagnetic pulse propagation USE: Electromagnetic modeling USE: Electromagnetic transients

Electromagnetic modeling Electromagnetic pulse scattering UF: Electromagnetic model USE: Electromagnetic transients Electromagnetic modelling This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 156 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Electromagnetic radiation BT: Electromagnetics BT: Electromagnetics RT: EMP radiation effects RT: Electromagnetic fields Electromagnetic coupling Electromagnetic wave NT: Cable shielding polarization Magnetic shielding Waves X-ray detection Electromagnetic spectrum X-ray detectors BT: Electromagnetic fields X-rays NT: Bremsstrahlung Electromagnetic transient program Correlators USE: EMTP Electromagnetic wave absorption Electromagnetic transients Frequency UF: Electromagnetic pulse Gamma-rays propagation Line-of-sight propagation Electromagnetic pulse Terahertz radiation scattering BT: Electromagnetics Electromagnetic radiative interference RT: Electromagnetic BT: Interference propagation Electromagnetic scattering Electromagnetic reflection Transient analysis UF: Electromagnetic wave NT: EMP radiation effects reflection EMTDC BT: Electromagnetic EMTP propagation Power system transients Reflection Surges RT: Electromagnetic fields Electromagnetic scattering Electromagnetic transients DC Reflectometry USE: EMTDC NT: Optical reflection Electromagnetic transients including DC Electromagnetic refraction USE: EMTDC BT: Electromagnetic analysis RT: Electromagnetic fields Electromagnetic wave absorption BT: Electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic scattering NT: Electromagnetic absorbers UF: Electromagnetic wave scattering Electromagnetic wave attenuation Electromagnetic waves USE: Attenuation BT: Scattering RT: Coherence time Electromagnetic wave polarisation Electromagnetic fields USE: Electromagnetic wave Electromagnetic reflection polarization Electromagnetic transients Waves Electromagnetic wave polarization NT: Coherence UF: Electromagnetic wave Mie scattering polarisation Optical scattering BT: Electrodynamics Polarization RT: Electromagnetic radiation Radar scattering Photonic band gap Raman scattering Rayleigh scattering Electromagnetic wave propagation USE: Electromagnetic Electromagnetic shielding propagation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 157 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Electromagnetic wave reflection Electromechanical devices USE: Electromagnetic reflection BT: Electromechanical systems NT: Armature Electromagnetic wave scattering SAW filters USE: Electromagnetic scattering Electromechanical sensors Electromagnetic waveguides BT: Sensors BT: Transmission lines NT: Microsensors RT: Coaxial cables Coplanar waveguides Electromechanical systems Electromagnetic BT: Industry applications propagation NT: Cruise control Helical antennas Electromechanical devices Microwave devices Microwave propagation Electromigration Optical fibers BT: Diffusion processes Propagation Waveguide discontinuities Electromyography NT: Circular waveguides UF: EMG Gap waveguide BT: Biomedical measurement Hollow waveguides RT: Bioelectric phenomena Loaded waveguides Planar waveguides Electron accelerators Rectangular waveguides BT: Particle accelerators Waveguide components RT: Electron beams Waveguide lasers Electron sources Waveguide theory Electrons

Electromagnetic waves Electron beam applications USE: Electromagnetic scattering BT: Electron beams RT: Flyback transformers Electromagnetics Scanning electron BT: Electromagnetic microscopy compatibility and interference RT: Cyberspace Electron beam pumping Neuroradiology USE: Laser excitation NT: Electromagnetic analysis Electromagnetic coupling Electron beams Electromagnetic devices BT: Particle beams Electromagnetic induction RT: Electrodynamics Electromagnetic Electron accelerators metamaterials Electron emission Electromagnetic radiation Electron sources Electromagnetic shielding Electrons Electromagnetic transients Flyback transformers Proximity effects Free electron lasers Gyrotrons Electromagnets Relativistic effects BT: Magnets Transmission electron RT: Coils microscopy Magnetic confinement NT: Electron beam applications Magnetic levitation Magnetic levitation vehicles Electron carriers NT: Superconducting magnets USE: Charge carrier processes This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 158 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Electron devices Electron mobility RT: Threshold current UF: Drift velocity NT: Cathode ray tubes BT: Charge carrier processes Electron guns RT: Plasma properties Electron multipliers Electron tubes Electron multipliers Mechatronics BT: Electron devices Microelectromechanical RT: Electron emission systems Electron tubes Microfluidics Photomultipliers Micromechanical devices Photoelectricity Electron optics Photovoltaic cells BT: Optics Quantum computing Particle beam optics Quantum well devices RT: Electrodynamics Semiconductivity Semiconductor devices Electron paramagnetic resonance Single electron devices UF: Biological EPR Thick film devices Electron spin resonance Thin film devices BT: Spectroscopy Tunneling Vacuum technology Electron sources BT: Electrons Electron emission RT: Electron accelerators UF: Field electron emission Electron beams Secondary electron Electron emission emission BT: Nuclear and plasma Electron spin resonance sciences USE: Electron paramagnetic RT: Cathodes resonance Electrodes Electron beams Electron traps Electron guns BT: Charge carrier processes Electron multipliers RT: Leakage currents Electron sources Reliability Electron tubes Electrons Electron tubes Photoelectricity UF: Thermionic valves Thermionic emission Tubes Vacuum arcs Vacuum tubes Vacuum breakdown BT: Electron devices NT: Ballistic transport RT: Anodes Cathodes Electron guns Electrodes BT: Electron devices Electrodynamics RT: Electron emission Electron emission Electron multipliers Electron microscopy Gettering BT: Microscopy NT: Field emitter arrays NT: Photoelectron microscopy Klystrons Scanning electron Magnetrons microscopy Thyratrons Transmission electron Traveling wave tubes microscopy This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 159 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Electronic ballasts RT: Jamming UF: Ballasts Military communication Electric ballast Radar countermeasures Electrical ballast Radio communication BT: Ballistic transport countermeasures Spread spectrum Electronic banking communication USE: Online banking Spread spectrum radar Weapons Electronic books USE: Electronic publishing Electronic currency USE: Online banking Electronic circuits BT: Circuits Electronic data interchange NT: Breadboard USE: Data handling Central Processing Unit Multivibrators Electronic design automation and Stripboard circuit methodology UF: EDA Electronic commerce RT: VHDL UF: E-commerce NT: Design automation Ecommerce Design methodology Online shopping BT: Economics Electronic equipment RT: Financial management BT: Electronics industry Internet RT: Electronic equipment Marketing management manufacture Online banking Electronic equipment Supply chain management testing Virtual enterprises Low-power electronics NT: Electronic voting systems Electronic components Microelectronics BT: Components, packaging, Organic electronics and manufacturing technology Smart devices NT: Capacitors Soft electronics Coils Connectors Electronic equipment manufacture Diodes BT: Components, packaging, Electrodes and manufacturing technology Fuses RT: Electronic equipment Inductors Electronics industry Resistors Optical device fabrication Structural plates NT: Damascene integration Switches Micromachining Transducers Radiation hardening (electronics) Electronic counter-countermeasures Semiconductor device USE: Electronic countermeasures manufacture

Electronic countermeasures Electronic equipment testing UF: ECCM BT: Testing ECM RT: Electronic equipment Electronic counter- TEM cells countermeasures NT: Immunity testing BT: Electronic warfare This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 160 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Electronic government UF: E-health records UF: E-government Electronic health records BT: Government BT: Medical information systems Electronic health records RT: Electronic medical USE: Electronic medical records prescriptions Patient monitoring Electronic healthcare UF: Digital health Electronic messaging Digital healthcare UF: Text messaging E health BT: Message systems Ehealth NT: Instant messaging BT: Information processing Unified messaging Medical services RT: Smart healthcare Electronic music BT: Music Electronic learning NT: Synthesizers UF: E learning E-learning Electronic noses Elearning BT: Chemical analysis BT: Educational technology RT: Intelligent sensors Learning (artificial intelligence) Electronic packaging thermal management RT: Computer aided instruction BT: Thermal management of Computers and information electronics processing Distance learning Electronic portfolios Internet USE: Portfolios Learning management systems Electronic publications Online services USE: IEEE online publications TV Training Electronic publishing Wide area networks UF: Digital publishing NT: Mobile learning E-books E-publishing Electronic mail E-reader UF: E-mail Electronic books Email Epublishing Mail (electronic) Kindle BT: Message systems BT: Publishing RT: Blogs RT: CD-ROMs Office automation Journalism Postal services Multimedia systems Social networking (online) Open data Voice mail NT: Content management Whitelists Desktop publishing NT: Unified messaging Unsolicited e-mail Electronic switching systems BT: Communication switching Electronic medical prescriptions Switching systems BT: Medical treatment RT: Electronic medical records Electronic textiles USE: Smart textiles Electronic medical records This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 161 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Electronic visual prosthesis USE: Visual prosthesis Electronics packaging UF: Ball grid arrays Electronic voting DIL UF: E-voting DIP Online voting Dual inline packaging BT: Voting PGA Pin grid arrays Electronic voting systems QFP BT: Electronic equipment Quad flat packs NT: Optical scan voting systems BT: Components, packaging, and manufacturing technology Electronic warfare RT: Constraint optimization BT: Aerospace and electronic Cooling systems Plastic packaging RT: Communication system Printed circuits security NT: Chip scale packaging Radio communication countermeasures Electrons Spread spectrum BT: Elementary particles communication RT: Beta rays Spread spectrum radar Cosmic rays NT: Electronic countermeasures Electron accelerators Jamming Electron beams Radar countermeasures Electron emission Elementary particle Electronic waste exchange interactions UF: E-waste Impact ionization WEEE Phonons Waste electrical and Schrodinger equation electronic equipment NT: Electron sources BT: Waste materials Quantum wells Trions Electronics cooling BT: Thermal management of Electrooculography electronics UF: EOG RT: Cooling Electro oculography Electro-oculography Electronics engineering education BT: Biomedical measurement BT: Electrical engineering Gaze tracking education RT: Bioelectric phenomena Electroencephalography Electronics industry Eyes UF: Integrated circuits industry Semiconductor electronics Electrooptic (EO) waveguides industry USE: Electrooptical waveguides Semiconductor industry BT: Manufacturing industries Electrooptic deflectors RT: Electrical equipment UF: Electro-optic deflectors industry BT: Electro-optical devices Electrical products industry Electronic equipment Electrooptic devices manufacture USE: Electro-optical devices Toy manufacturing industry NT: Electronic equipment Electrooptic effects This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 162 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Electro-optic effects Voltage BT: Lasers and electrooptics RT: Electro-optical devices Electroplating Electroluminescence USE: Electrochemical deposition Nonlinear optics NT: Electrochromism Electroporation Kerr effect UF: Electropermeabilization Optical bistability BT: Medical treatment Stark effect Microbiology

Electrooptic modulators Electrostatic actuation UF: Electro-optic modulators USE: Electrostatic actuators Pockels readout optical modulator Electrostatic actuators BT: Electro-optical devices UF: Electrostatic actuation Optical modulation BT: Actuators RT: Integrated optics RT: Electrostatic devices Intensity modulation Laser beams Electrostatic analysis Microwave photonics BT: Electrostatic processes Optical waveguides RT: Electric fields P-i-n diodes Electromagnetic analysis Phase modulation Electrostatic measurements Quantum well devices Electrostatic charges Electrooptic waveguides USE: Electrostatic discharges USE: Electrooptical waveguides AND Electrostatics Electrooptical devices USE: Electro-optical devices Electrostatic devices BT: Industry applications Electrooptical waveguides RT: Electrostatic actuators UF: EO waveguides Electrostatic processes Electrooptic (EO) waveguides Electrostatic discharges Electrooptic waveguides UF: Charged device model BT: Optical waveguides ESD Electrostatic charges Electropermeabilization BT: Dielectric breakdown USE: Electroporation RT: Arc discharges Electrostatic interference Electrophotography UF: Xerography Electrostatic induction BT: Electrostatic processes UF: Induction (electrostatic) Photoconducting devices BT: Electrostatic processes RT: Gas discharge devices Photography Electrostatic interference BT: Interference Electrophotoluminescence RT: Electrostatic discharges USE: Photoluminescence NT: Immunity testing

Electrophysiology Electrostatic levitation BT: Biomedical measurement BT: Electrostatics RT: Biomedical electrodes Levitation Electrodes This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 163 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Electrostatic measurements Thermal expansion BT: Electric variables measurement Electrothermal effects RT: Electrostatic analysis BT: Thermoelectricity NT: Charge measurement RT: Electrothermal launching NT: Proton effects Electrostatic precipitators BT: Industry applications Electrothermal launching RT: Pollution control UF: Launching (electrothermal) BT: Propulsion Electrostatic processes RT: Electromagnetic launching BT: Industry applications Electrothermal effects RT: Discharges (electric) Electric fields Elemental semiconductors Electrostatic devices BT: Semiconductor materials Lightning RT: Silicon NT: Aerosols Electrophotography Elementary particle exchange interactions Electrostatic analysis BT: Elementary particles Electrostatic induction RT: Electrons Electrostatics Ions Particle charging Proton effects Particle production Wave functions Space charge Surface charging Elementary particle vacuum Triboelectricity UF: Instanton vacuum QCD vacuum Electrostatic self assembly Quantum vacuum USE: Electrostatic self-assembly String vacuum Superstring vacuum Electrostatic self-assembly Vacuum energy UF: Electrostatic self assembly BT: Elementary particles BT: Self-assembly RT: Casimir effect

Electrostatics Elementary particles UF: Electrostatic charges UF: Particles (elementary) BT: Electrostatic processes BT: Nuclear and plasma RT: Poisson equations sciences NT: Electrostatic levitation RT: Cosmic rays High energy physics Electrostriction instrumentation computing BT: Dielectrics Microwave photonics RT: Mechanical factors Nuclear thermodynamics Piezoelectricity Proton effects NT: Charge carriers Electrostrictive hydrodynamics Electrons USE: Electrohydrodynamics Elementary particle exchange interactions Electrostrictive polymer actuators Elementary particle vacuum USE: Actuators Ions Mesons Electrothermal actuators Neutrino sources BT: Actuators Neutrons Thermal sensors Particle beams RT: Resistance heating Particle collisions This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 164 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Phonons USE: Distributed power Positrons generation Protons Embedded software Elevators BT: Software BT: Building services RT: Buildings Embedded system Stairs USE: Embedded systems

Ellipsoids Embedded systems BT: Elliptic design UF: Embedded system BT: Operating systems Ellipsometry RT: Cyber-physical systems BT: Optical variables Hardware-in-the-loop measurement simulation RT: Polarimetry Microprocessors NT: Embedded computing Elliptic curve cryptography UF: ECC Embolization Elliptic curve cryptosystems BT: Medical treatment BT: Public key cryptography Noninvasive treatment

Elliptic curve cryptosystems Embossing USE: Elliptic curve cryptography BT: Manufacturing Production Elliptic curves RT: Injection molding BT: Geometry Micromachining Sheet metal processing Elliptic design Watermarking UF: Elliptical design BT: Geometry Embryo NT: Ellipsoids BT: Embryonic structures

Elliptical design Embryonic structures USE: Elliptic design BT: Anatomy NT: Embryo Elongation Fetus BT: Material properties RT: Strain EMC USE: Electromagnetic Email compatibility USE: Electronic mail Emergency lighting eMBB BT: Lighting USE: Enhanced mobile RT: High intensity discharge broadband lamps

Embedded computing Emergency management BT: Embedded systems USE: Emergency services RT: Distributed vision networks Emergency medical services Embedded multicore processing USE: Medical services BT: Multicore processing Emergency power generators Embedded power generation USE: Standby generators This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 165 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

EMP radiation effects Emergency power supplies UF: Electromagnetic pulse UF: Standby power supplies BT: Electromagnetic transients BT: Power supplies RT: Electromagnetic shielding RT: Batteries Standby generators Empirical mode decomposition Uninterruptible power UF: Hilbert?Huang transforms systems BT: Transforms RT: Signal processing Emergency response USE: Emergency services Employee rights BT: Employment Emergency services UF: Emergency management Employee welfare Emergency response UF: Conditions of employment BT: Safety Counseling RT: Accidents Counselling Fires Maternity benefits Medical services Sick pay Rescue robots Working conditions BT: Human resource Emergent phenomena management BT: Cybernetics RT: Incentive schemes RT: System of systems Industrial psychology Occupational health EMG Occupational safety USE: Electromyography Occupational stress Pensions EMI Psychology USE: Electromagnetic Remuneration interference Employment Emissions trading UF: Work-place UF: Cap and trade Workplace Cap-and-trade BT: Human resource BT: Environmental economics management Pollution RT: Business RT: Carbon emissions Employment law Market opportunities Engineering profession Power markets Jobs listings Personnel Emotion recognition Programming profession BT: User interfaces NT: Employee rights RT: Affective computing Termination of employment Behavioral sciences Emotional responses Employment law Image recognition BT: Law Psychology RT: Contract law Sentiment analysis Employment Speech recognition EMTDC Emotional responses UF: Electromagnetic transients BT: Psychology DC RT: Emotion recognition Electromagnetic transients including DC This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 166 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Electromagnetic transients Encyclopedias Geophysics BT: Information services Software packages RT: Wikipedia RT: Design automation PSCAD End effectors UF: End-effectors EMTP BT: Manipulators UF: Electromagnetic transient RT: Grippers program BT: Electromagnetic transients End-effectors RT: Computer simulation USE: End effectors

Emulation Endocrine glands BT: Modeling USE: Glands RT: Application virtualization Simulation Endocrine system BT: Anatomy Encapsulation BT: Packaging Endomicroscopy RT: Integrated circuit packaging BT: Endoscopes Plastic packaging Microscopy RT: Biomedical equipment Encephalography Biomedical optical imaging BT: Biomedical imaging Digestive system RT: Brain Medical robotics Optical devices Encoding Real-time systems UF: Coding BT: Information theory Endoscopes RT: Codecs UF: Endoscopy Codes BT: Biomedical equipment Cryptography RT: Biomedical optical imaging Data compression Image sensors Data handling Laser applications Hash functions Surgery Modulation NT: Endomicroscopy Modulation coding Quantization (signal) Endoscopy Semantic technology USE: Endoscopes Signal processing Vector quantization Endothelial cells NT: Audio coding BT: Biological cells Channel coding RT: Blood vessels Code refractoring Digital representation Energy Entropy coding BT: Power engineering and Precoding energy Source coding RT: Thermal energy Speech coding NT: Energy barrier Transcoding Energy capture Energy consumption Encryption Energy conversion BT: Cryptography Energy dissipation RT: Ciphers Energy exchange Energy harvesting This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 167 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Energy management Energy exchange Energy resources UF: Energy transfer Energy states BT: Energy Energy storage NT: Inductive charging

Energy barrier Energy harvesting BT: Energy UF: Energy scavenging Power harvesting Energy capture BT: Energy BT: Energy NT: Nanogenerators

Energy conservation Energy informatics BT: Energy management BT: Energy management RT: Ecodesign Informatics Energy resources RT: Energy efficiency Power demand Global warming Waste heat Green design NT: Green computing Information and Potential energy communication technology Renewable energy sources Machine learning Smart cities Energy consumption Smart grids BT: Energy Energy levels Energy conversion USE: Energy states BT: Energy NT: Atomic batteries Energy loss Batteries BT: Energy measurement Fuel cells NT: Core loss Motors Photovoltaic cells Energy management Potential well BT: Energy Solar heating NT: Demand side management Thermoelectricity Energy conservation Waste heat Energy efficiency Wave energy conversion Energy informatics Wind energy conversion Energy management systems Energy dissipation Load management BT: Energy Transactive energy

Energy efficiency Energy management systems UF: Energy efficient BT: Energy management BT: Energy management RT: Energy informatics Energy measurement NT: Energy efficient ethernet BT: Electric variables measurement Energy efficient RT: Calorimetry USE: Energy efficiency Enthalpy Watthour meters Energy efficient ethernet NT: Energy loss UF: EtherEEE BT: Energy efficiency Energy resolution Ethernet BT: Nuclear imaging RT: Nuclear medicine This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 168 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Solid scintillation detectors Engine cylinders Energy resources BT: Machine components BT: Energy RT: Engines RT: Civil engineering Gaskets Energy conservation Pistons Environmental economics Structural rings Natural gas Power demand Engineering - general NT: Fuels RT: STEM Geothermal energy Technology Nuclear fuels NT: Acoustical engineering Solar energy Agricultural engineering Wave power Bio-inspired engineering Wind energy Chemical engineering Wind farms Civil engineering Concurrent engineering Energy scavenging Design engineering USE: Energy harvesting Electrical engineering Engineering profession Energy states Environmental engineering UF: Energy levels Maintenance engineering Levels, energy Mechanical engineering BT: Energy Optical engineering NT: Effective mass Precision engineering Orbital calculations Production engineering Polaritons Research and development Surface states Reverse engineering Sanitary engineering Energy storage Standardization UF: Energy storage systems Thermal engineering Stored energy BT: Energy Engineering drawings RT: Aging BT: Graphics Battery powered vehicles RT: Documentation Fuel cell vehicles Technical drawing Fuel storage NT: Flowcharts Hybrid electric vehicles Load management Engineering education Material storage BT: Education Pulsed power systems RT: Continuing education Solar powered vehicles Educational robots NT: Batteries Laboratories Logic design Fuel cells NT: Biomedical engineering Hydrogen storage education Supercapacitors Communication Superconducting magnetic engineering education energy storage Computer science education Energy storage systems Control engineering USE: Energy storage education Electrical engineering Energy transfer education USE: Energy exchange Engineering students This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 169 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Physics education Power engineering Engineering students education UF: Student engineers Student experiments BT: Engineering education Systems engineering education Engineering writing USE: Writing Engineering geology USE: Geoengineering Engines BT: Industry applications Engineering in medicine and biology RT: Aircraft propulsion NT: Biology Automobile manufacture Biomedical communication Cams Biomedical computing Camshafts Biomedical engineering Engine cylinders Biomedical equipment Exhaust systems Biomedical imaging Fuel pumps Bionanotechnology Gaskets Bioterrorism Machine components Computational biology Manifolds Genetic engineering Mechanical power Medical services transmission Medical specialties Oils Nuclear medicine Pistons Synthetic biology Propellers Propulsion Engineering management Rockets NT: Business Torque converters Commercialization Turbomachinery Consortia NT: Heat engines Economics Internal combustion Innovation management engines Legal factors Jet engines Market research Planning Enhanced magnetoresistance Product development BT: Magnetoresistance Project engineering RT: Nanocontacts Research and development management Enhanced mobile broadband Research initiatives UF: eMBB Software development BT: 5G mobile communication management RT: 4G mobile communication

Engineering profession Entangled states UF: Careers USE: Quantum entanglement BT: Engineering - general RT: Biographies Enterprise architecture management Electrical engineering BT: Information architecture Employment Information management Ethics RT: Best practices Programming profession Enterprise resource Research and development planning Research and development management Enterprise resource planning NT: Professional aspects BT: Management This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 170 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Business Data handling Envelope detectors Data processing BT: Detectors Enterprise architecture management Environmental design Software USE: Green design System integration Venture capital Environmental economics NT: Business process BT: Economics integration Environmental factors RT: Energy resources Entertainment industry Environmental BT: Industries management RT: Broadcasting Pollution Films NT: Carbon tax Games Emissions trading Motion pictures TV Environmental engineering NT: Sports BT: Engineering - general RT: Environmental factors Enthalpy Environmental BT: Thermodynamics management RT: Energy measurement Resource management Thermal management Environmental factors Entomology UF: Environmental problems BT: Zoology BT: Geoscience and remote RT: Biochemistry sensing Biomechanics Social implications of Ecology technology Insects RT: Acoustic noise Morphology Air quality Physiology Carbon footprint Carbon sequestration Entrepreneurial Civil engineering USE: Entrepreneurship Ecodesign Electromagnetic Entrepreneurship interference UF: Entrepreneurial Environmental engineering BT: Business Epidemiology RT: Disruptive innovation Green buildings Innovation management Green computing Greenhouse effect Entropy Health and safety BT: Physics International collaboration RT: Heating systems Meteorology Nuclear thermodynamics Occupational health Ozonation Entropy coding Safety BT: Encoding NT: Biosphere RT: Data compression Climate change NT: Huffman coding Ecology Ecosystems Entry, descent and landing Environmental economics USE: Aircraft navigation Environmental monitoring This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 171 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Global warming USE: Electrooculography Green manufacturing Green products EOS Green transportation USE: Earth Observing System Pollution Epidemics Environmental management BT: Epidemiology BT: Industry applications RT: Coronaviruses RT: Dams Diseases Environmental economics Influenza Environmental engineering Pathogens Global warming Virology International collaboration NT: Pandemics Low-carbon economy Public infrastructure Epidemiology Sanitary engineering BT: Science - general NT: Biodegradation RT: Biomedical monitoring Land use planning Environmental factors Pest control Public healthcare Pollution control NT: Epidemics Recycling Renewable energy sources Epidermal Sustainable development USE: Epidermis Waste management Water conservation Epidermis Water resources UF: Epidermal BT: Skin Environmental monitoring BT: Environmental factors Epigenetics Monitoring BT: Genetics RT: Decontamination RT: DNA Pollution control Pollution measurement Epilepsy BT: Diseases Environmental noise USE: Working environment noise Epitaxial growth UF: Epitaxy Environmental problems BT: Thin films USE: Environmental factors RT: Crystal growth Crystals Environmentally friendly manufacturing Gallium techniques Germanium BT: Components, packaging, Molecular beams and manufacturing technology Nanotechnology Photonics Enzymatic fuel cells Semiconductor devices USE: Fuel cells Semiconductor thin films Silicon Enzymes Substrates USE: Biochemistry NT: Molecular beam epitaxial growth EO waveguides USE: Electrooptical waveguides Epitaxial layers BT: Coatings EOG Films This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 172 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Chemical vapor deposition Decision feedback Semiconductor growth equalizers Thin films NT: Superconducting epitaxial Equations layers BT: Mathematics NT: Boltzmann equation Epitaxy Difference equations USE: Epitaxial growth Integrodifferential equations Maxwell equations EPON Nonlinear equations UF: Ethernet passive optical Polynomials networks Riccati equations BT: Ethernet RT: Passive optical networks Equipment failure BT: Failure analysis Epoxy resins BT: Dielectric materials Equivalent circuits Plastics BT: Circuits Resins Er EPROM USE: Erbium UF: EAROM EEPROM Er-doped fiber amplifier Electrically alterable read USE: Erbium-doped fiber only memory amplifiers Electrically erasable programmable read only memory Er-doped fiber lasers Erasable programmable USE: Erbium-doped fiber lasers read only memory BT: PROM Erasable programmable read only memory USE: EPROM Epublishing USE: Electronic publishing Erbium UF: Er Equal opportunities BT: Metals BT: Human resource RT: Erbium-doped fiber management amplifiers RT: Industrial relations Lasers and electrooptics Labor resources Optical amplifiers Personnel Optics Recruitment NT: Gender equity Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers Gender issues UF: EDFA Er-doped fiber amplifier Equalisers BT: Optical amplifiers USE: Equalizers RT: Erbium

Equalizers Erbium-doped fiber laser UF: Equalisers USE: Erbium-doped fiber lasers BT: Filters RT: Channel estimation Erbium-doped fiber lasers Impedance matching UF: Er-doped fiber lasers Intersymbol interference Erbium-doped fiber laser NT: Adaptive equalizers Erbiumdoped fiber laser Blind equalizers BT: Fiber lasers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 173 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Cyclic redundancy check Erbiumdoped fiber laser codes USE: Erbium-doped fiber lasers Error analysis Error compensation Erection Error correction codes USE: Construction Linear codes Power system faults Ergonomics Product codes UF: Human engineering Turbo codes Human factors engineering NT: Forward error correction BT: Systems, man, and cybernetics Error correction codes RT: Anthropometry UF: ECC Behavioral sciences Error correcting codes Cybernetics Error-correcting codes Design methodology Error-correction codes Human factors Errorcorrection codes Keyboards BT: Codes Man-machine systems RT: Convolutional codes Occupational health Error correction Working environment noise Polar codes NT: Job design NT: Reed-Muller codes Smart spaces Reed-Solomon codes User experience Error estimation Error analysis USE: Error analysis UF: Error estimation Error rate Error free operation Error rates USE: Error-free operations Error statistics BT: Testing Error probability RT: Cyclic redundancy check BT: Probability Cyclic redundancy check codes Error rate Error correction USE: Error analysis Estimation Mean square error methods Error rates Measurement errors USE: Error analysis Numerical analysis Roundoff errors Error recovery (computers) NT: Bit error rate USE: System recovery Finite wordlength effects Error statistics Error compensation USE: Error analysis BT: Information theory RT: Error correction Error-correcting codes USE: Error correction codes Error correcting codes USE: Error correction codes Error-correction codes USE: Error correction codes Error correction BT: Signal processing Error-free operations RT: Codes UF: Error free operation Convolutional codes BT: Testing Cyclic redundancy check This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 174 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Errorcorrection codes USE: Interferometers USE: Error correction codes Etching Escalators UF: Deep etching BT: Transportation BT: Materials processing RT: Buildings Surface treatment Mechanical products RT: Fabrication Stairs Micromachining NT: Dry etching ESD Wet etching USE: Electrostatic discharges Ethanol Esophagus UF: Ethyl alcohol BT: Digestive system Grain alcohol BT: Chemical compounds Estimation NT: Alcoholic beverages UF: Signal estimation BT: Mathematics EtherEEE RT: Control systems USE: Energy efficient ethernet Error analysis Filtering theory Ethernet Kalman filters BT: Computer networks Measurement uncertainty RT: IEEE 802.3 Standard Prediction methods Local area networks Prediction theory NT: EPON Reduced order systems Energy efficient ethernet Signal processing Spectral analysis Ethernet passive optical networks NT: Estimation error USE: EPON Estimation theory Functional point analysis Ethical aspects Life estimation BT: Social implications of Maximum likelihood technology estimation RT: Digital divide Pose estimation Ethics State estimation Genetic engineering Yield estimation Legal factors Management Estimation error Philosophical BT: Estimation considerations

Estimation of the direction of arrival Ethics USE: Direction-of-arrival UF: Morals estimation BT: Social implications of technology Estimation theory RT: Digital intelligence BT: Estimation Engineering profession RT: Mean square error methods Ethical aspects Signal processing General Data Protection Statistics Regulation NT: Cramer-Rao bounds NT: Cyberethics Maximum a posteriori Machine ethics estimation Ethyl alcohol Etalons USE: Ethanol This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 175 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Evolution ETSI USE: Evolution (biology) UF: European Telecommunications Standards Institute Evolution (biology) BT: Standards organizations UF: Evolution BT: Biology ETSI Standards NT: Memetics BT: Standards publications Phylogeny NT: HbbTV Standards SONET Evolutionary algorithm Synchronous digital USE: Evolutionary computation hierarchy Evolutionary computation Euclidean distance UF: Evolutionary algorithm UF: Euclidean measurement BT: Computational intelligence Euclidean metric NT: Evolutionary robotics BT: Distance measurement Particle swarm optimization Mathematics NT: Hilbert space Evolutionary robotics BT: Evolutionary computation Euclidean measurement Robots USE: Euclidean distance Exascale computing Euclidean metric BT: High performance USE: Euclidean distance computing Supercomputers Europe BT: Continents Excavation UF: Dredging European Telecommunications Standards BT: Geotechnical engineering Institute RT: Construction industry USE: ETSI Marine technology Mining industry Europium Rivers BT: Chemical elements Roads Soil EUV Lithography USE: Extreme ultraviolet Exchange rates lithography BT: Economics RT: Costs EV charging Economic indicators USE: Electric vehicle charging International trade

Event detection Excitation of lasers BT: Wireless sensor networks USE: Laser excitation

Everyware Excitons USE: Pervasive computing BT: Charge carrier processes RT: Semiconductor materials Evidence theory UF: Belief functions Executive programs Dempster?Shafer theory USE: Operating systems BT: Uncertainty RT: Belief propagation Exhaust gases BT: Gases This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 176 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Air pollution Ash Explosion protection Combustion BT: Protection Exhaust systems Safety Flue gases RT: Accident prevention Internal combustion Flammability engines Hazards Jet engines Military equipment

Exhaust manifolds Explosions USE: Manifolds BT: Hazards RT: Accidents Exhaust systems Chemical hazards UF: Catalytic converters Flammability Catalytic convertors Hazardous areas Safety BT: Machine components Seismic waves Production systems NT: Explosives RT: Engines Exhaust gases Explosives Manifolds BT: Explosions

Exo planets Exponential distribution USE: Extrasolar planets BT: Probability distribution

Exo-planets Extended definition TV USE: Extrasolar planets USE: HDTV

Exocrine glands Extended reality USE: Glands UF: HumanXR BT: Human computer Exoplanets interaction USE: Extrasolar planets Man-machine systems Virtual reality Exoskeletons RT: Augmented reality BT: User interfaces Extensible Markup Language Expectation-maximisation algorithms USE: XML USE: Expectation-maximization algorithms External stimuli UF: PhysiStimuli Expectation-maximization algorithms BT: Interactive systems UF: Expectation-maximisation Physiology algorithms BT: Iterative methods Extinction coefficients BT: Optics Expert systems NT: Extinction ratio BT: Knowledge based systems RT: Cause effect analysis Extinction ratio Decision making BT: Extinction coefficients Intelligent systems Knowledge acquisition Extra solar planets Knowledge representation USE: Extrasolar planets NT: Diagnostic expert systems Medical expert systems Extra-solar planets This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 177 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Extrasolar planets Planets Space technology Extracellular NT: Cosmic rays BT: Cells (biology) Solar radiation

Extranets Extreme learning machines BT: Virtual private networks BT: Feedforward neural RT: Data communication networks Information systems RT: Clustering methods Internet Web sites Extreme ultraviolet lithography UF: EUV Lithography Extraordinary magnetoresistance BT: Lithography BT: Magnetoresistance Extremities Extrapolation BT: Body regions BT: Approximation methods NT: Arms RT: Statistics Buttocks Elbow Extrasolar planetary atmospheres Fingers BT: Extrasolar planets Foot Hip Extrasolar planetary mass Knee BT: Extrasolar planets Leg Shoulder Extrasolar planets Thigh UF: Exo planets Exo-planets Eye protection Exoplanets UF: Goggles Extra solar planets BT: Safety devices Extra-solar planets RT: Occupational health Super earths Occupational safety BT: Astronomy Protective clothing RT: Extraterrestrial Safety measurements Extraterrestrial phenomena Eyebrows NT: Extrasolar planetary BT: Hair atmospheres Extrasolar planetary mass Eyelashes BT: Eyes Extraterrestrial measurements Hair UF: Planetary composition Space measurements Eyelids BT: Measurement BT: Eyes RT: Astronomy Extrasolar planets Eyes Extraterrestrial phenomena BT: Sense organs Interstellar chemistry RT: Electrooculography Gaze tracking Extraterrestrial phenomena Ophthalmology UF: Space phenomena Optical coherence BT: Geophysics tomography RT: Extrasolar planets NT: Cataracts Extraterrestrial Cornea measurements Eyelashes This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 178 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Eyelids Faces Iris BT: Head Pupils RT: Stomatognathic system Retina NT: Facial muscles

FAA Facial animation UF: Federal Aviation BT: Animation Administration RT: Face detection BT: US Government agencies Facial attributes Fabrication USE: Facial features UF: Fabrication process BT: Manufacturing Facial features RT: Etching UF: Facial attributes Materials processing BT: Face detection NT: Bonding processes Microfabrication Facial muscles Optical device fabrication BT: Faces Soldering Welding Facial recognition USE: Face recognition Fabrication process USE: Fabrication Facilities management BT: Building services Fabrics Management UF: Knitted fabric composites Organizational aspects Woven fabric composites RT: Building information BT: Textiles management RT: Clothing Weaving Facsimile Wool BT: Communication systems Image communication Fabry-Perot BT: Interferometry Factories NT: Fabry-Perot interferometers USE: Production facilities

Fabry-Perot interferometers Factory automation BT: Fabry-Perot USE: Manufacturing automation

Face detection FACTS BT: Computer vision USE: Flexible AC transmission RT: Facial animation systems NT: Facial features Fading channels Face recognition BT: Signal processing UF: Facial recognition RT: Diversity methods BT: Biometrics (access control) Diversity schemes Identification of persons Intercell interference Pattern recognition Meteorological factors RT: Gaze tracking Multipath channels Image recognition Radio propagation NT: Frequency-selective fading Facebook channels USE: Social networking (online) Rayleigh channels Weibull fading channels This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 179 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Faraday effect Failure analysis UF: Faraday rotation UF: Failure analytics BT: Magnetooptic effects Failure mechanisms RT: Gyromagnetism BT: Testing Gyrotropism RT: Cause effect analysis Diagnostic expert systems Faraday rotation Fatigue USE: Faraday effect Fault diagnosis Fault trees Fascia Green's function methods BT: Musculoskeletal system Life estimation Quality control Fast Fourier transforms Reliability BT: Fourier transforms Remaining life assessment RT: Digital signal processing Root cause analysis Harmonic analysis Weibull distribution NT: Equipment failure Fast light Semiconductor device BT: Light sources breakdown Fastbus Failure analytics BT: Data acquisition USE: Failure analysis RT: Data buses Data communication Failure mechanisms Data processing USE: Failure analysis Nuclear measurements

Fall detection Fasteners BT: Biomechanics UF: Bolts Domestic safety Hinges RT: Accelerometers Nuts (fasteners) Alarm systems Screws Assisted living Zip fasteners Biomedical communication BT: Control equipment Biomedical signal Mechanical products processing RT: Belts Body sensor networks Couplings Detectors Joining processes Geriatrics Welding Home automation Image motion analysis Fastening Image recognition USE: Joining processes Injuries Patient monitoring Fatigue Video signal processing BT: Mechanical factors Wearable computers RT: Failure analysis NT: Assistive technologies Life estimation

Fans Fats BT: Machinery BT: Chemical products Ventilation Food products RT: Air conditioning RT: Biological materials Blades Lipidomics Jet engines Oils

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Fault current limiters USE: Film bulk acoustic BT: Current limiters resonators

Fault currents FBARs BT: Current USE: Film bulk acoustic RT: Electric breakdown resonators Grounding Leakage currents FBT NT: Fault protection USE: Flyback transformers

Fault detection FCC BT: System analysis and design UF: Federal Communications Commission Fault diagnosis BT: US Government agencies BT: Reliability RT: Cause effect analysis FDA Diagnostic expert systems UF: Food and Drug Failure analysis Administration Maintenance engineering BT: US Government agencies Testing NT: Dissolved gas analysis FDDI Fault location UF: Fiber distributed data interface Fault location BT: Communication systems BT: Fault diagnosis Optical fiber communication RT: Cables RT: Communication standards Communication cables Local area networks Fault trees Insulation testing FDM USE: Frequency division Fault protection multiplexing BT: Electrical safety Fault currents FDMA USE: Frequency division Fault tolerance multiaccess UF: System resilience BT: Reliability FDTD NT: Fault tolerant control USE: Finite difference methods Redundancy AND Time-domain analysis Fault tolerant control BT: Control systems Fe Fault tolerance USE: Iron

Fault tolerant systems Feathers BT: System analysis and design BT: Animal structures

Fault trees Feature detection BT: Risk analysis BT: Computer vision RT: Boolean functions Image processing Failure analysis RT: Feature extraction Fault location Saliency detection

FBAR Feature extraction BT: Image processing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 181 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Blob detection Distributed feedback Feature detection devices Image annotation Feedback communications Image edge detection NT: Output feedback Image recognition Independent component Feedback communications analysis BT: Telecommunications Mixture models RT: Feedback circuits Pattern classification NT: Automatic repeat request Pattern recognition Feedback control Principal component Feedback loop analysis Saliency detection Feedback control Signal processing BT: Feedback communications Speech recognition NT: Windup

Federal Aviation Administration Feedback linearization USE: FAA BT: Control nonlinearities Control systems Federal Communications Commission USE: FCC Feedback loop BT: Feedback communications Federated learning NT: Negative feedback loops USE: Collaborative work Feedforward neural nets Federated search USE: Feedforward neural USE: Metasearch networks

Federated searching Feedforward neural networks USE: Metasearch UF: Feedforward neural nets BT: Neural networks Feedback RT: Artificial intelligence UF: detection Pattern recognition BT: Circuits Self-organizing feature Control systems maps RT: Control design Support vector machines Positive train control NT: Extreme learning machines SIMO communication Multilayer perceptrons Scrum (Software development) Feedforward systems System dynamics BT: Intelligent control NT: Feedback circuits RT: Forward error correction Negative feedback Open loop systems Neurofeedback Feeds Feedback amplifiers BT: Antennas UF: NFB NT: Antenna feeds Negative feedback amplifier BT: Operational amplifiers FeFETs UF: Ferroelectric FETs Feedback circuits BT: Field effect transistors UF: Circuit feedback BT: Feedback Felines RT: Control theory USE: Cats

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FEM USE: Finite element analysis Ferroelectric films BT: Ferroelectric materials Femtocell networks RT: Magnetic field induced UF: Access point base station strain BT: Cellular networks RT: Base stations Ferroelectric materials BT: Ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, Femtocells and frequency control BT: Base stations RT: Dielectric materials Ferroelectric devices Ferrimagnetic films Magnetic field induced BT: Ferrimagnetic materials strain Films Pyroelectricity Magnetic films NT: Ferroelectric films Magnetic materials Relaxor ferroelectrics NT: Ferrite films Garnet films Ferrofluid UF: LiquiFerrofluid Ferrimagnetic materials BT: Fluids BT: Magnetic materials Magnetic materials NT: Ferrimagnetic films Ferrite films Ferromagnetic materials Ferrites BT: Magnetic materials Garnet films Garnets Ferromagnetic resonance BT: Magnetic resonance Ferrite devices BT: Magnetic devices Ferroresonance RT: Ferrites BT: Power engineering Flyback transformers Resonance Gyrators RT: Magnetic resonance NT: Circulators Nonlinear magnetics

Ferrite films Fertilisers BT: Ferrimagnetic films USE: Fertilizers Ferrimagnetic materials Ferrites Fertilizers Films UF: Fertilisers Magnetic films BT: Agriculture Magnetic materials RT: Boron Crops Ferrites BT: Ferrimagnetic materials FET circuits Magnetic materials BT: Solid state circuits RT: Ferrite devices RT: Nuclear electronics Gyromagnetism Operational amplifiers NT: Ferrite films NT: FET integrated circuits JFET circuits Ferroelectric devices MESFET circuits BT: Dielectric devices MODFET circuits RT: Ferroelectric materials MOSFET circuits

Ferroelectric FETs FET integrated circuits USE: FeFETs BT: FET circuits This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 183 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Integrated circuits USE: Bragg gratings RT: Field effect transistors NT: Field effect MMIC Fiber-in-the-loop MESFET integrated circuits USE: Optical fiber subscriber loops Fetal heart BT: Heart Fibers USE: Textile fibers Fetal heart rate BT: Heart rate Fibre gratings USE: Fiber gratings FETs USE: Field effect transistors Fibre lasers USE: Fiber lasers Fetus BT: Embryonic structures Fibre optic sensors USE: Optical fiber sensors FFF USE: Field-flow fractionation Fibre optics USE: Fiber optics Fiber Bragg gratings USE: Bragg gratings Fibre reinforced plastics USE: Fiber reinforced plastics Fiber distributed data interface USE: FDDI Fibrillation BT: Medical treatment Fiber gratings RT: Defibrillation UF: Fibre gratings NT: Atrial fibrillation BT: Bragg gratings Fibroblasts Fiber lasers BT: Biological cells UF: Fibre lasers BT: Ring lasers Fiducial markers NT: Erbium-doped fiber lasers UF: Imagimarkers High power fiber lasers BT: Image processing RT: Microfabrication Fiber nonlinear optics Semiconductor device BT: Fiber optics manufacture Nonlinear optics Field buses Fiber optic sensors UF: Instrumentation buses USE: Optical fiber sensors BT: Computer interfaces RT: Industrial control Fiber optics Local area networks UF: Fibre optics BT: Optics Field effect MMIC NT: Fiber nonlinear optics BT: FET integrated circuits Optical fibers Field effect transistors Fiber reinforced plastics UF: FETs UF: Fibre reinforced plastics BT: Transistors BT: Plastics RT: FET integrated circuits RT: Plastic insulators Graphene devices Semiconductor devices Fiber-Bragg gratings NT: CNTFETs This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 184 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Double-gate FETs Reconfigurable devices FeFETs VHDL HEMTs JFETs Field-flow fractionation MESFETs UF: EFFF MISFETs FFF MODFETs Field flow fractionation MOSFET BT: Fractionation MOSHFETs OFETs Field-programmable gate arrays Schottky gate field effect USE: Field programmable gate transistors arrays TFETs Thin film transistors Filament lamps BT: Lamps Field electron emission RT: Lighting USE: Electron emission File servers Field emitter arrays BT: Computers and information BT: Electron tubes processing RT: Vacuum technology RT: Computer networks Data communication Field flow fractionation Local area networks USE: Field-flow fractionation File sharing Field ion emission USE: Peer-to-peer computing USE: Ion emission File system permissions Field multiplication USE: Permission USE: Galois fields File systems Field programmable analog arrays BT: System software UF: FPAA RT: Audio databases Field programmable Data structures analogue arrays Database systems BT: Analog integrated circuits Information systems Programmable circuits RT: Application specific Fill factor (solar cell) integrated circuits BT: Photovoltaic systems Field programmable gate arrays Filler metals Space technology BT: Joining materials RT: Metals Field programmable analogue arrays USE: Field programmable analog Filling arrays BT: Freight handling RT: Containers Field programmable gate arrays Loading UF: FPGA Packaging Field-programmable gate arrays Film bulk acoustic resonators BT: Integrated circuits UF: FBAR RT: AI accelerators FBARs Field programmable analog BT: Acoustic devices arrays Thin film devices This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 185 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Bulk acoustic wave devices BT: Filters Cellular radio RT: Estimation Mobile communication Line enhancers Radio communication Matched filters Resonance Maximum likelihood Telecommunications detection Transversal filters Films NT: Collaborative filtering BT: Materials Image filtering RT: Chemical vapor deposition Coatings Filters Entertainment industry BT: Filtering Human image synthesis Signal processing Sputtering RT: Passive filters NT: Conductive films Signal to noise ratio Dielectric films NT: Active filters Epitaxial layers Anisotropic Ferrimagnetic films Bragg gratings Ferrite films Channel bank filters Garnet films Comb filters Magnetic films Digital filters Optical films Equalizers Piezoelectric films Filtering theory Plastic films Gabor filters Polymer films Harmonic filters Semiconductor films IIR filters Thick films Kalman filters Thin films Low-pass filters Matched filters Films (Motion pictures) Microstrip filters USE: Motion pictures Nonlinear filters Notch filters Filter banks Particle filters UF: Filterbank Power filters BT: Band-pass filters Resonator filters Spatial filters Filter-theory Superconducting filters USE: Filtering theory Transversal filters

Filterbank Filtration USE: Filter banks UF: Nanofiltration BT: Materials science and Filtering technology BT: Circuits and systems NT: Microfiltration RT: Noise cancellation NT: Filters Finance Information filtering UF: Taxes BT: Financial management Filtering algorithms RT: Banking UF: Loop-filtering algorithm Bitcoin Post-filtering algorithm Business BT: Algorithms Cryptocurrency Economics Filtering theory NT: Bankruptcy UF: Filter-theory Currencies This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 186 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Fingerprint matching Finance sector Fingerprint modality USE: Financial industry Fingerprint sensing Fingerprint sensors Financial industry Fingerprint verification UF: Finance sector Fingerprinting BT: Industries BT: Biometrics (access control) NT: Banking Identification of persons Financial services Pattern recognition RT: Image matching Financial management UF: Financial planning Fingerprint sensing Money management USE: Fingerprint recognition BT: Management RT: Electronic commerce Fingerprint sensors Profitability USE: Fingerprint recognition Public finance NT: Costing Fingerprint verification Credit cards USE: Fingerprint recognition Finance Insurance Fingerprinting Investment USE: Fingerprint recognition Loans and mortgages Management accounting Fingers Mutual funds BT: Extremities Pricing NT: Thumb Venture capital Finishing Financial planning BT: Surface treatment USE: Financial management RT: Machining Materials processing Financial services Planing BT: Financial industry NT: Surface finishing

FinFETs Finite difference methods BT: MOSFET UF: FDTD Finite difference time Fingerprint identification domain analysis USE: Fingerprint recognition Finite difference time domain methods Fingerprint images Finite-difference methods USE: Image matching Finite-difference time- domain methods Fingerprint indexing BT: Mathematics USE: Fingerprint recognition Numerical analysis RT: Computational Fingerprint matching electromagnetics USE: Fingerprint recognition Perfectly matched layers

Fingerprint modality Finite difference time domain analysis USE: Fingerprint recognition USE: Finite difference methods

Fingerprint recognition Finite difference time domain methods UF: Fingerprint identification USE: Finite difference methods Fingerprint indexing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 187 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Finite element analysis Finite-element analysis UF: Discrete element method USE: Finite element analysis FEM Finite element methods Finite-element methods Finite element modeling USE: Finite element analysis Finite element modelling Finite-element analysis Finite-element modeling Finite-element methods USE: Finite element analysis Finite-element modeling Finite-element modelling Finite-element modelling BT: Mathematics USE: Finite element analysis Numerical analysis RT: Eddy current testing Finite-volume method Perfectly matched layers USE: Finite volume methods

Finite element methods Finline USE: Finite element analysis BT: Planar transmission lines

Finite element modeling FIR USE: Finite element analysis USE: Finite impulse response filters Finite element modelling USE: Finite element analysis FIR filters USE: Finite impulse response Finite fields filters USE: Galois fields Fire extinguishers Finite impulse response filters BT: Safety devices UF: FIR RT: Fire safety FIR filters BT: Digital filters Fire retardants RT: Discrete wavelet transforms USE: Flame retardants Frequency response Fire safety Finite state machines BT: Safety USE: Automata RT: Fire extinguishers

Finite volume methods Fireproofing UF: Finite-volume method USE: Flame retardants BT: Numerical analysis RT: Navier-Stokes equations Fires UF: Flames Finite wordlength effects Wild fires UF: Overflow oscillations Wildfires Truncation errors BT: Hazards BT: Error analysis RT: Accidents RT: Quantization (signal) Emergency services NT: Roundoff errors Flammability Hazardous areas Finite-difference methods Safety USE: Finite difference methods Smoke detectors

Finite-difference time-domain methods Firewalls (computing) USE: Finite difference methods BT: Computer security RT: Computer networks This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 188 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Countermeasures UF: Fixed point arithmetic (computer) BT: Arithmetic Hardware Software Fixtures UF: Fixturing FireWire Jigs USE: Firewire BT: Production equipment RT: Machine tools Firewire UF: FireWire Fixturing BT: Computer interfaces USE: Fixtures RT: Computer peripherals Consumer electronics Flame retardants Data communication UF: Fire retardants Home computing Fireproofing IEEE 1394 Standard BT: Retardants Video signal processing RT: Bromine compounds Flammability Fireworks algorithm Materials preparation BT: Optimization methods RT: Particle swarm optimization Flames USE: Fires Firing BT: Materials preparation Flammability RT: Ceramics UF: Inflammability Heat treatment BT: Hazards Kilns RT: Explosion protection Explosions Firmware Fires USE: Microprogramming Flame retardants Hazardous materials Fish BT: Organisms Flanges BT: Mechanical products Fishbone diagrams RT: Rails USE: Cause effect analysis Structural plates Wheels Fisheries USE: Aquaculture Flash memories UF: NAND flash Fission reactors BT: Memory UF: Nuclear fission RT: Automation Nuclear reactors (fission) Computer peripherals BT: Nuclear power generation Solid state drives RT: Pressure vessels NT: cells Radiation protection Flash memory cells Fitting BT: Flash memories BT: Assembly NT: Split gate flash memory RT: Assembly systems cells

Fixed point arithmetic Flashover USE: Fixed-point arithmetic BT: Dielectric breakdown

Fixed-point arithmetic Flat panel displays This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 189 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Plasma display panel Flip chip BT: Displays USE: Flip-chip devices RT: Consumer electronics TV Flip chip solder joints UF: Castellations Flex BT: Soldering USE: Flexible printed circuits RT: Flip-chip devices

Flexible ac transmission systems Flip-chip USE: Flexible AC transmission USE: Flip-chip devices systems Flip-chip devices Flexible AC transmission systems UF: Flip chip UF: FACTS Flip-chip Flexible ac transmission BT: Semiconductor device systems manufacture BT: Power transmission Semiconductor devices RT: Flip chip solder joints Flexible electronics Microassembly BT: Assembly systems Microprocessor chips RT: Graphene devices Microprocessors Soft electronics Flip-flops Flexible fuel vehicles BT: Pulse circuits USE: Land vehicles RT: Logic circuits

Flexible manufacturing systems FLL BT: Manufacturing automation USE: Frequency locked loops RT: Agile manufacturing Cellular manufacturing Floating point arithmetic Computer applications USE: Floating-point arithmetic

Flexible printed circuits Floating-point arithmetic UF: Flex UF: Floating point arithmetic BT: Printed circuits BT: Arithmetic

Flexible structures Floods UF: Deployable structures BT: Hazards BT: Buildings Hydrology Structural shapes RT: Land use planning RT: Control systems Rain Decentralized control Rivers Mechanical variables Structural engineering control Structural engineering Floors BT: Building materials Flickr RT: Construction industry USE: Multimedia Web sites Tiles

Flight control Floppy disks USE: Aerospace control BT: Magnetic memory

Flight simulation Flotation devices USE: Aerospace simulation USE: Underwater equipment

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Flow UF: Flow USE: Fluid flow Gas flow Liquid flow Flow batteries Smoothed particle USE: Batteries hydrodynamics BT: Physics Flow graphs RT: Electrohydraulics UF: Data flow graphs Flowmeters Signal flow graphs Fluid flow measurement BT: Programmable control Fluidics RT: Circuits Hydraulic systems Hydrodynamics Flow meters Magnetohydrodynamics USE: Flowmeters NT: Fluid dynamics Hydraulic diameter Flow production systems Hydrology UF: Sequential production Pipelines BT: Manufacturing systems Valves RT: System dynamics NT: Continuous production Fluid flow control BT: Control systems Flowcharts RT: Valves BT: Engineering drawings RT: Programming Fluid flow measurement System analysis and design UF: Anemometers BT: Measurement Flowmeters RT: Fluid flow UF: Flow meters Hydrologic measurements BT: Meters Pressure gauges RT: Automatic meter reading Fluid flow Fluidic microsystems Velocity measurement BT: Micromechanical devices RT: Microfluidics Fluctuations BT: Reliability Fluidics BT: Control systems Flue gases RT: Fluid flow BT: Gases Nanotechnology RT: Air pollution Pneumatic systems Effluents NT: Microfluidics Exhaust gases Nanofluidics

Fluid dynamics Fluidisation BT: Fluid flow USE: Fluidization Fluids RT: Hydrodynamics Fluidization Lattice Boltzmann methods UF: Fluidisation NT: Buoyancy BT: Chemical technology Computational fluid RT: Fluids dynamics Drag Fluids Navier-Stokes equations BT: Materials Rheology RT: Buoyancy Fluidization Fluid flow Oils This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 191 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Ferrofluid Fluid dynamics FM Gases USE: Frequency modulation Hydraulic fluids Liquids fMRI Viscosity USE: Functional magnetic resonance imaging Fluids and secretions BT: Anatomy Focusing NT: Amniotic fluid BT: Imaging Cerebrospinal fluid RT: Lenses

Fluorescence Fog computing BT: Luminescence USE: Edge computing Optics RT: Fluorescent lamps Food and Drug Administration Judd-Ofelt theory USE: FDA

Fluorescent lamps Food industry BT: Lamps BT: Manufacturing industries RT: Fluorescence RT: Beverage industry Lighting Consumer products Digital agriculture Fluorine Food preservation BT: Chemical elements Food products NT: Fluorine compounds Food technology Sugar industry Fluorine compounds Sugar refining BT: Fluorine NT: Food manufacturing NT: Hydrogen fluoride Food loss Flux pinning USE: Food waste BT: Magnetic flux Superconductivity Food manufacturing RT: Type II superconductors BT: Food industry Manufacturing systems Fluxtronics RT: Consumer products USE: Spintronics Food preservation Food products Fly ash Food technology BT: Ash Food waste RT: Slag NT: Food packaging

Flyback transformers Food packaging UF: FBT BT: Food manufacturing LOPT Packaging Line output RT: Food products BT: Transformers Food technology RT: Cathode ray tubes Food waste Electron beam applications Electron beams Food preservation Ferrite devices UF: Food preservatives BT: Food technology Flywheels RT: Food industry BT: Energy storage Food manufacturing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 192 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Food products BT: Clothing RT: Clothing industry Food preservatives Footwear industry USE: Food preservation Footwear industry Food products UF: Shoe manufacture BT: Manufactured products BT: Manufacturing industries Production RT: Clothing industry RT: Agricultural products Consumer products Consumer products Footwear Digital agriculture Food industry Force Food manufacturing BT: Mechanical factors Food packaging RT: Dynamics Food preservation Force control Sugar industry Magnetic forces Sugar refining NT: Gravity Vegetable oils NT: Dairy products Force control Fats BT: Mechanical variables Food waste control Sugar RT: Control systems Force Food technology Robot control BT: Industry applications RT: Digital agriculture Force feedback Food industry BT: Haptic interfaces Food manufacturing Food packaging Force measurement Sugar refining BT: Mechanical variables NT: Food preservation measurement RT: Gravity Food waste Pressure gauges UF: Food loss NT: Dynamometers BT: Food products Gravity measurement Waste materials RT: Agriculture Force sensors Biofuels BT: Sensors Consumer behavior Food manufacturing Forebrain Food packaging UF: Prosencephalon Government policies BT: Brain Recycling RT: Hindbrain Midbrain Foot NT: Olfactory bulb BT: Extremities Forecast uncertainty Football BT: Forecasting USE: Sports Uncertainty

Footprinting Forecasting USE: Network reconnaissance BT: Probability RT: Prediction methods Footwear NT: Demand forecasting UF: Shoes Economic forecasting This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 193 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Forecast uncertainty Technology forecasting Forward contracts BT: Contracts Forehead BT: Head Forward error correction BT: Error correction Forensic photography RT: Feedforward systems USE: Image forensics Fossil fuels Forensics BT: Fuels BT: Law RT: Air pollution NT: Digital forensics NT: Natural gas Image forensics Foundries Forestry BT: Production facilities BT: Geoscience RT: Casting RT: Pulp and paper industry Furnaces Resource management Heat treatment Vegetation Materials processing Vegetation mapping Wood industry Four wave mixing USE: Four-wave mixing Forgery UF: Imposter signature Four-wave mixing generation UF: Four wave mixing BT: Handwriting recognition BT: Distortion Optics Forging UF: Cogging Fourier series BT: Manufacturing systems BT: Mathematics RT: Data compression Formal concept analysis Signal processing BT: Mathematical analysis Spectroscopy RT: Classification tree analysis Data analysis Fourier transform infrared spectra Knowledge representation USE: Fourier transform infrared Unsupervised learning spectroscopy

Formal languages Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy BT: Computer science UF: Fourier transform infrared NT: Computer languages spectra Runtime library BT: Fourier transforms Spectroscopy Formal logic USE: Logic Fourier transforms BT: Transforms Formal specifications RT: Acoustics BT: Standardization Cepstrum RT: Service-oriented systems Diffraction engineering Harmonic analysis Optics Formal verification Partial differential equations BT: Software engineering Probability RT: Circuits and systems Statistics Model checking Time-frequency analysis This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 194 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Discrete Fourier transforms Protocols Fast Fourier transforms Wide area networks Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Franchises USE: Franchising FPAA USE: Field programmable analog Franchising arrays UF: Franchises BT: Business FPGA USE: Field programmable gate Francium arrays BT: Chemical elements

Fraccing Free electron lasers USE: Fracking UF: Cerenkov lasers BT: Lasers Fracking RT: Electron beams UF: Fraccing Relativistic effects Hydraulic fracking Undulators BT: Hydrological techniques RT: Mining industry Free trade Natural gas USE: Trade agreements

Fractal antennas Free-space optical communication BT: Antennas BT: Optical fiber communication

Fractal art Freeware BT: Art UF: WhatsApp BT: Software Fractals BT: Computational geometry Freight containers RT: Antennas BT: Containers Chaos RT: Freight handling Computer graphics Transportation Econophysics Freight handling Fractional brownian motion UF: Cargo handling USE: Brownian motion BT: Materials handling RT: Freight containers Fractional calculus Lifting equipment BT: Mathematical analysis Pulleys Transmission line Fractionation discontinuities BT: Separation processes NT: Filling RT: Chemical analysis Loading Oils Petroleum industry Frequency NT: Field-flow fractionation BT: Electromagnetic radiation RT: Band-pass filters Frame relay Electric variables BT: Communication switching Transmission line theory Packet switching NT: Bandwidth RT: B-ISDN Frequency dependence Computer networks Frequency diversity ISDN Frequency synchronization This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 195 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Resonant frequency RT: Layered division multiplexing Frequency allocation USE: Radio spectrum Frequency domain management USE: Frequency-domain analysis

Frequency control Frequency domain analysis UF: Frequency regulation USE: Frequency-domain analysis BT: Ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Frequency estimation RT: Electric variables control BT: Frequency measurement Frequency locked loops Parameter estimation Mechanical variables RT: Spectral analysis control Speech analysis Optical variables control Tuners Frequency hop communication NT: Automatic frequency control USE: Spread spectrum Tunable circuits and communication devices Tuning Frequency hop radar USE: Spread spectrum radar Frequency conversion UF: Frequency division Frequency locked loops Frequency multiplication UF: FLL Harmonic generation BT: Linear feedback control BT: Converters systems RT: Image converters Signal processing Image intensifiers RT: Frequency control NT: Mixers Frequency synthesizers Optical frequency Phase locked loops conversion Synchronization

Frequency dependence Frequency measurement UF: Frequency dependent BT: Measurement BT: Frequency RT: Acoustic measurements Atomic clocks Frequency dependent Doppler measurement USE: Frequency dependence Electric variables measurement Frequency diversity Electromagnetic BT: Frequency measurements Frequency response Frequency division Mechanical variables USE: Frequency conversion measurement Optical variables Frequency division multiaccess measurement UF: FDMA Phase frequency detectors BT: Multiaccess communication Time-frequency analysis RT: Broadband communication Wavelength measurement NT: Frequency estimation Frequency division multiplexing Frequency-domain analysis UF: FDM Frequency multiplexing Frequency modulation BT: Multiplexing UF: FM BT: Modulation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 196 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Radio broadcasting Frequency-selective fading channels RT: Demodulation BT: Fading channels NT: Frequency shift keying Frequency-shift modulation Frequency multiplexing USE: Frequency shift keying USE: Frequency division multiplexing Frequency-shift signaling USE: Frequency shift keying Frequency multiplication USE: Frequency conversion Fresnel integral USE: Fresnel reflection Frequency regulation USE: Frequency control Fresnel lenses USE: Fresnel reflection Frequency response BT: Testing Fresnel reflection RT: Amplifiers UF: Fresnel integral Digital filters Fresnel lenses Finite impulse response Fresnel zones filters BT: Reflection Frequency measurement Impulse testing Fresnel zones USE: Fresnel reflection Frequency selective surfaces UF: FSS Friction BT: Antenna theory BT: Mechanical factors RT: Drag Frequency shift keying Dynamics UF: FSK Lubrication Frequency-shift modulation NT: Mechanical bearings Frequency-shift signaling BT: Frequency modulation Friction stir processing USE: Strain control Frequency synchronization BT: Frequency Frontal lobe NT: Frequency synthesizers UF: BrainLobe BT: Brain Frequency synthesizers BT: Frequency synchronization Froth flotation RT: Frequency locked loops USE: Manufacturing processes Tuners FSK Frequency-domain analysis USE: Frequency shift keying UF: Frequency domain Frequency domain analysis FSS BT: Frequency measurement USE: Frequency selective RT: Circuit analysis surfaces Functional analysis Signal analysis FTTH NT: Time-frequency analysis USE: Optical fiber subscriber loops Frequency-hop communication USE: Spread spectrum Fuel additives communication USE: Additives

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Fuel cell vehicles Manufactured products BT: Electric vehicles RT: Coal gas RT: Energy storage Fuel processing industries Fuel cells Fuel pumps Traction motors Fuel storage Vehicle-to-grid Methanol Petrochemicals Fuel cells Waste materials UF: Enzymatic fuel cells NT: Biofuels Microbial eletrolysis cells Coal Microbial fuel cells Fossil fuels Solid oxide electrolyzer Fuel economy cells Nuclear fuels BT: Electrochemical devices Petroleum Energy conversion Energy storage Fullerenes RT: Fuel cell vehicles UF: Buckeyballs Fuel storage Buckminsterfullerene Power generation Buckyballs Buckytubes Fuel economy CarboFullerene BT: Economics Fullerites Fuels BT: Carbon

Fuel processing industries Fullerites UF: Coal tar USE: Fullerenes BT: Manufacturing industries RT: Fuel storage Function approximation Fuels BT: Approximation methods Mining industry RT: Computer science Oil drilling Oils Function generators Petroleum USE: Signal generators Petroleum industry Functional analysis Fuel pumps BT: Mathematics BT: Pumps RT: Eigenvalues and RT: Engines eigenfunctions Fuels Frequency-domain analysis Inverse problems Fuel storage Lyapunov methods UF: Fuel tanks Wave functions Oil tanks BT: Material storage Functional electrical stimulation RT: Containers USE: Neuromuscular stimulation Energy storage Fuel cells Functional magnetic resonance imaging Fuel processing industries UF: fMRI Fuels BT: Magnetic resonance imaging Fuel tanks RT: Biomedical image USE: Fuel storage processing

Fuels Functional neuroimaging BT: Energy resources BT: Neuroimaging This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 198 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Futurism Functional point analysis USE: Technology forecasting BT: Estimation Size measurement Fuzz testing RT: Cost benefit analysis USE: Fuzzing Software engineering Fuzzing Functional programming UF: Fuzz testing BT: Programming BT: Software testing RT: Python Fuzzy cognitive maps Fungi BT: Directed graphs BT: Organisms Knowledge representation RT: Cognitive systems Furnaces Decision making BT: Machinery Fuzzy logic RT: Building services Fuzzy reasoning Foundries Fuzzy set theory Gas appliances Fuzzy systems Heating systems Inference mechanisms NT: Blast furnaces Learning (artificial Kilns intelligence) Neural networks Further education USE: Continuing education Fuzzy control BT: Fuzzy systems Fuses RT: Fuzzy logic BT: Electronic components Fuzzy sets RT: Interrupters Takagi-Sugeno model Power system protection Protection Fuzzy inference Switchgear USE: Fuzzy logic

Fusion power generation Fuzzy logic BT: Nuclear and plasma UF: Fuzzy inference sciences BT: Logic Nuclear power generation RT: Fuzzy cognitive maps RT: Fusion reactors Fuzzy control Magnetic confinement Fuzzy reasoning Fuzzy sets Fusion reactor design Fuzzy systems BT: Fusion reactors Possibility theory NT: Takagi-Sugeno model Fusion reactors UF: Nuclear reactors (fusion) Fuzzy neural nets Thermonuclear fusion USE: Fuzzy neural networks BT: Nuclear and plasma sciences Fuzzy neural networks RT: Fusion power generation UF: Fuzzy neural nets NT: Fusion reactor design Neuro fuzzy networks Tokamaks Neuro-fuzzy networks BT: Fuzzy systems Fusion splicing USE: Splicing Fuzzy reasoning BT: Inference mechanisms This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 199 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Fuzzy cognitive maps BT: Electric variables control Fuzzy logic Gain measurement Fuzzy set theory BT: Measurement BT: Set theory RT: Electric variables RT: Fuzzy cognitive maps measurement Fuzzy sets Refractive index Fuzzy systems Power system faults Gait assessment TOPSIS USE: Legged locomotion

Fuzzy sets Gait control BT: Set theory USE: Legged locomotion RT: Fuzzy control Fuzzy logic Gait disorders Fuzzy set theory USE: Legged locomotion Fuzzy systems Nonlinear dynamical Gait recognition systems BT: Biometrics (access control) Uncertainty Galerkin method Fuzzy systems USE: Method of moments BT: Computational intelligence RT: Fuzzy cognitive maps Gallbladder Fuzzy logic BT: Digestive system Fuzzy set theory Fuzzy sets Gallium Large-scale systems UF: Ga Takagi-Sugeno model BT: Metals NT: Fuzzy control Semiconductor materials Fuzzy neural networks RT: Epitaxial growth Hybrid intelligent systems Gallium compounds Molecular beam epitaxial Ga growth USE: Gallium Semiconductor thin films NT: Gallium alloys GaAs USE: Gallium arsenide Gallium alloys BT: Gallium Gabor filters RT: Alloying BT: Filters Wide band gap RT: Image processing semiconductors

Gadolinium Gallium arsenide BT: Chemical elements UF: GaAs NT: Gadolinium oxide Gallium-arsenide Gallium-arsenide (GaAs) Gadolinium oxide BT: Gallium compounds BT: Gadolinium Semiconductor materials

Gain Gallium compounds BT: Electric variables UF: Gallium devices Gallium materials Gain control BT: Compounds UF: Automatic gain control RT: Alloying This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 200 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Gallium NT: Cloud gaming NT: Aluminum gallium nitride Serious games Gallium arsenide Gallium nitride Gaming on demand Indium gallium arsenide USE: Cloud gaming Indium gallium nitride Gamma distribution Gallium devices BT: Statistics USE: Gallium compounds RT: Probability

Gallium materials Gamma phase iron USE: Gallium compounds USE: Austenite

Gallium nitride Gamma radiation detectors BT: Gallium compounds USE: Gamma-ray detectors

Gallium-arsenide Gamma ray bursters USE: Gallium arsenide USE: Gamma-ray bursts

Gallium-arsenide (GaAs) Gamma ray bursts USE: Gallium arsenide USE: Gamma-ray bursts

Galois fields Gamma ray detection UF: Field multiplication USE: Gamma-ray detection Finite fields BT: Abstract algebra Gamma ray detectors USE: Gamma-ray detectors Galvanising USE: Galvanizing Gamma ray effects USE: Gamma-ray effects Galvanizing UF: Galvanising Gamma rays BT: Surface treatment USE: Gamma-rays RT: Corrosion Corrosion inhibitors Gamma-ray bursts Protection UF: Cosmic gamma ray bursts Gamma ray bursters Game theory Gamma ray bursts BT: Decision making BT: Gamma-rays RT: Control systems Games Gamma-ray detection Minimax techniques UF: Gamma ray detection Oligopoly BT: Gamma-rays Optimal control Predator prey systems Gamma-ray detectors NT: Differential games UF: Gamma radiation detectors Nash equilibrium Gamma ray detectors BT: Radiation detectors Games RT: Astronomy UF: Video games Biomedical applications of video-game radiation BT: Consumer products X-ray detectors RT: Entertainment industry X-ray imaging Game theory Sports Gamma-ray effects This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 201 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Gamma ray effects NT: Garnet films BT: Gamma-rays Radiation effects Gas appliances BT: Home appliances Gamma-ray imaging RT: Furnaces USE: Nuclear imaging Space heating

Gamma-rays UF: Gamma rays BT: Measurement BT: Electromagnetic radiation Nuclear and plasma Gas detectors sciences UF: Gas sensors RT: Collimators BT: Chemical and biological Nuclear medicine sensors NT: Gamma-ray bursts RT: Chemical transducers Gamma-ray detection NT: Amperometric sensors Gamma-ray effects Gas discharge devices GAN BT: Nuclear and plasma USE: Generative adversarial sciences networks RT: Discharges (electric) Electrophotography Ganglia Gases UF: Ganglion Lighting BT: Cells (biology) Plasma devices Nervous system Thyratrons NT: Glow discharge devices Ganglion USE: Ganglia Gas discharges USE: Discharges (electric) Gap waveguide BT: Electromagnetic Gas flow waveguides USE: Fluid flow RT: Waveguide components Gas industry Garbage collection (computers) BT: Industries USE: Memory management RT: Petroleum industry

Garment industry Gas insulated switchgear USE: Clothing industry USE: Gas insulation

Garments Gas insulated transmission lines USE: Clothing UF: GITL Gas-insulated lines Garnet films Gas-insulated transmission BT: Ferrimagnetic films BT: Power transmission lines Ferrimagnetic materials RT: Gas insulation Films Garnets Gas insulation Magnetic films UF: Gas insulated switchgear Magnetic materials BT: Insulation RT: Gas insulated transmission Garnets lines BT: Ferrimagnetic materials Gases Magnetic materials NT: Sulfur hexafluoride This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 202 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Gas lasers Gastroenterology UF: Atomic lasers UF: Gastroenterologists Metal vapor lasers BT: Medical specialties BT: Lasers RT: Atom lasers Gastrointestinal Chemical lasers USE: Gastrointestinal tract Gases Gastrointestinal tract Gas platforms UF: Gastrointestinal USE: Offshore installations BT: Digestive system

Gas sensors Gate drivers USE: Gas detectors BT: Power electronics RT: High power amplifiers Gas-insulated lines MOSFET USE: Gas insulated transmission lines Gate leakage BT: Leakage currents Gas-insulated transmission Solid state circuits USE: Gas insulated transmission Tunneling lines Gate leakage current Gases USE: Leakage currents BT: Fluids RT: Discharges (electric) GATT Gas discharge devices USE: Trade agreements Gas insulation Gas lasers Gaussian approximation Materials science and BT: Gaussian distribution technology Natural gas Gaussian channels NT: Argon BT: Communication channels Carbon emissions RT: Intersymbol interference Coal gas NT: AWGN channels Exhaust gases Flue gases Gaussian distribution Helium UF: Normal distribution Hydrogen BT: Statistical distributions Nitrogen NT: Gaussian approximation Oxygen Syngas Gaussian mixture model Xenon BT: Gaussian processes Statistics Gaskets BT: Seals Gaussian noise RT: Engine cylinders BT: Noise Engines RT: Additive white noise Pistons Image denoising Signal processing Gasoline TV interference USE: Petroleum NT: AWGN

Gastroenterologists Gaussian processes USE: Gastroenterology BT: Stochastic processes This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 203 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Inference mechanisms Learning (artificial Gender issues intelligence) UF: Gender equality Prediction methods Women's issues NT: Gaussian mixture model BT: Equal opportunities RT: Digital divide Gaze tracking BT: Control systems Gene expression Human computer BT: Gene therapy interaction RT: Assistive technology Gene therapy Computer vision BT: Genetics Eyes NT: Gene expression Face recognition Motion measurement General agreement on tariffs and trade Position measurement USE: Trade agreements User interfaces Video signal processing General Data Protection Regulation NT: Electrooculography UF: GDPR BT: Data protection GDP Government policies USE: Economic indicators Legislation RT: Data handling GDPR Ethics USE: General Data Protection Privacy Regulation Generation of electric power Ge Si USE: Power generation USE: Germanium silicon alloys Generation Y Gears USE: Millennials UF: Bevel gears Differential gears Generative adversarial networks Helical gears UF: GAN Spur gears BT: Algorithm design and Worm gears analysis BT: Machinery RT: Artificial intelligence Mechanical products Convolutional neural RT: Automotive components networks Machine components Machine learning Machine tools Neural networks Mechanical power Unsupervised learning transmission Mechanical splines Generators Mechanical systems UF: Dynamo Production equipment BT: Electric machines Shafts Rotating machines Torque converters RT: Coils NT: Magnetic gears Islanding Power generation Gender equality NT: AC generators USE: Gender issues DC generators Electric generators Gender equity Standby generators BT: Equal opportunities This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 204 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Genetic algorithms BT: Algorithms Genomics Computational intelligence UF: Genomes RT: Job shop scheduling BT: Genetics Pareto optimization Molecular biomarkers Search methods Geo tagging Genetic communication USE: Location awareness BT: Genetics Information theory Geoacoustic inversion RT: Biological information BT: Sea measurements theory Biomedical engineering Geochemistry DNA UF: Hydrochemistry BT: Chemistry Genetic engineering Geoscience UF: Genetically modified crops RT: Geophysics BT: Engineering in medicine Salinity (geophysical) and biology RT: Agriculture Geodesy Biomedical engineering BT: Geophysical measurements Biotechnology RT: Position measurement Ethical aspects Theodolites Genetics NT: Level measurement Molecular biophysics Tissue engineering Geodynamics BT: Geophysics Genetic expression BT: Genetics Geoengineering UF: Engineering geology Genetic mutations Geological engineering BT: DNA BT: Geoscience RT: Drilling Genetic programming Geology BT: Genetics Geophysics Hydrological techniques Genetically modified crops Mining industry USE: Genetic engineering Geographic information systems Genetics UF: GIS BT: Biology BT: Geoscience and remote RT: Amniocentesis sensing Genetic engineering Global communication Memetics Intelligent transportation Molecular biophysics systems NT: DNA RT: Image databases Epigenetics NT: Geospatial analysis Gene therapy Gunshot detection systems Genetic communication Genetic expression Geography Genetic programming BT: Geoscience Genomics RT: Geospatial analysis NT: Rural areas Genomes Urban areas USE: Genomics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 205 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Geologic measurements BT: Geophysical measurement BT: Measurement techniques RT: Geology Image processing Geophysical measurements Hyperspectral sensors Geophysical measurement techniques Remote sensing BT: Geoscience and remote Terrain mapping sensing Theodolites RT: Laser radar Magneto electrical Geological engineering resistivity imaging technique USE: Geoengineering Remote sensing Theodolites Geology Tomography BT: Geoscience Vegetation mapping RT: Geoengineering NT: Geophysical image Geologic measurements processing Geophysics NT: Landslides Geophysical measurements Minerals UF: Geophysical techniques Rocks BT: Geoscience and remote sensing Geomagnetic navigation Measurement USE: Geomagnetism AND RT: Atmospheric Navigation measurements Buried object detection Geomagnetism Geologic measurements UF: Geomagnetic navigation Geomagnetism Geomatics Geophysical signal BT: Magnetic fields processing RT: Electromagnetic induction Geophysics Geophysical measurements Gravity measurement Geophysics Pressure gauges Magnetosphere Remote sensing Soil measurements Geomatics Terrain mapping USE: Geomagnetism NT: Geodesy Sea measurements Geometrical optics Seismic measurements BT: Optics RT: Reflectivity Geophysical signal processing NT: Ray tracing BT: Geoscience and remote sensing Geometry Signal processing BT: Mathematics RT: Geophysical measurements RT: Layout Shape Geophysical techniques NT: Computational geometry USE: Geophysical measurements Elliptic curves Elliptic design Geophysics Information geometry BT: Geoscience Projective geometry Physics Surface topography RT: Earth Geochemistry Geophysical image processing Geoengineering Geology This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 206 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Geomagnetism Geoscience and remote sensing Geophysical measurements NT: Environmental factors Hydrologic measurements Geographic information Hydrological techniques systems Oceans Geophysical measurement Terrestrial atmosphere techniques NT: EMTDC Geophysical measurements Extraterrestrial phenomena Geophysical signal Geodynamics processing Geophysics computing Geoscience Meteorology Land surface temperature Moisture Photometry Seismology Radar Surface waves Radiometry Well logging Remote sensing Terrain mapping Geophysics computing Terrestrial atmosphere BT: Geophysics Vegetation mapping RT: Computer aided analysis Geospatial analysis Geoscience BT: Geographic information UF: Earth science systems BT: Geoscience and remote RT: Geography sensing Software Science - general RT: Hydrological techniques GEOSS NT: Antarctica USE: Global Earth Observation Arctic System of Systems Atmosphere Biosphere Geostationary communication satellites Continents USE: Geostationary satellites Cyclones Earth Geostationary satellites Earthquakes UF: Geostationary Forestry communication satellites Geochemistry BT: Satellites Geoengineering RT: Orbits Geography Geology Geosynchronous satellites Geophysics BT: Satellites Ice Lakes Geotechnical engineering Land surface BT: Civil engineering Levee NT: Excavation Meteorological factors Oceanography Geotechnical structures Oceans BT: Civil engineering Rivers NT: Dams Sediments Soil Geothermal energy Tornadoes BT: Energy resources Tsunami RT: Geothermal power Volcanoes generation Wetlands Geothermal power generation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 207 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Power generation Integrated circuit RT: Geothermal energy manufacture Semiconductor device Geriatrics manufacture BT: Medical treatment Vacuum technology RT: Assisted living Fall detection Getters Gerontology USE: Gettering Senior citizens GHZ transverse electromagnetic cells Germ warfare USE: TEM cells USE: Biohazards Giant magnetoresistance Germanium BT: Magnetoresistance BT: Metals RT: Hard disks Semiconductor materials Magnetoresistive devices RT: Epitaxial growth Thin film devices Semiconductor thin films Silicon germanium Girders NT: Germanium alloys USE: Structural beams

Germanium alloys GIS BT: Germanium USE: Geographic information RT: Alloying systems NT: Germanium silicon alloys Github Germanium silicon alloys USE: Software development UF: Ge Si management BT: Germanium alloys Silicon alloys GITL USE: Gas insulated transmission Germs lines USE: Pathogens Glands Gerontechnology UF: Endocrine glands BT: Biomedical equipment Exocrine glands Gerontology BT: Biological tissues RT: Assistive technology NT: Mammary glands Pituitary gland Gerontology Salivary glands BT: Medical specialties Sebaceous glands RT: Aging Sweat glands Alzheimer's disease Thyroid Geriatrics Senior citizens Glass NT: Gerontechnology BT: Amorphous materials Glass products Gesture recognition RT: Ceramics BT: Pattern recognition Dielectric materials NT: Sign language Glass industry Insulation Gettering Optical materials UF: Getters BT: Vacuum systems Glass bottles RT: Electron tubes USE: Glass products This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 208 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Glass ceramics Global markets USE: Ceramics USE: Globalization

Glass furnaces Global navigation satellite system USE: Glass manufacturing UF: GNSS BT: Satellite navigation systems Glass industry RT: Global Positioning System BT: Manufacturing industries RT: Glass Global Navigational Positioning System Glass manufacturing USE: Global Positioning System Glass products Global Positioning System Glass manufacturing UF: DGPS UF: Glass furnaces Differential GPS BT: Manufacturing systems GPS RT: Glass industry Global Navigational Positioning System Glass products BT: Satellite navigation systems UF: Glass bottles RT: Air transportation BT: Manufactured products Global navigation satellite RT: Bottling system Ceramic products Indoor navigation Ceramics Land transportation Chemical products Marine transportation Glass industry Military satellites Windows Road transportation NT: Glass Satellite broadcasting Satellite communication Glazes Telecommunications BT: Coatings Terrain mapping RT: Ceramics NT: Ceramic glazes Global System for Mobile Communications USE: GSM Glial cells UF: Neuroglia Global teams BT: Cells (biology) USE: Global communication Nervous system Global warming Global communication BT: Climate change UF: Global groups Environmental factors Global teams Temperature measurement BT: Professional Terrestrial atmosphere communication RT: Air pollution NT: Cross-cultural Atmospheric communication measurements Geographic information Carbon emissions systems Carbon sequestration Energy informatics Global Earth Observation System of Systems Environmental UF: GEOSS management BT: Earth Observing System Greenhouse effect Land surface temperature Global groups Low-carbon economy USE: Global communication Ocean temperature This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 209 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Thermal pollution Goniometers Globalisation BT: Meters USE: Globalization Google Globalization USE: Internet AND UF: Global markets Search engines Globalisation BT: Social implications of Google Chrome technology USE: Browsers RT: Developing countries International collaboration Government International relations BT: Organizations International trade RT: Governmental factors Trade agreements Leadership Macroeconomics Glossaries Public finance USE: Terminology NT: Electronic government Government policies Glow discharge devices Legislation BT: Gas discharge devices Local government RT: Glow discharges US Government Light sources Voting

Glow discharges Government borrowing BT: Dielectric breakdown USE: Public finance RT: Glow discharge devices Government expenditure Glucose USE: Public finance BT: Sugar Government policies Glucose sensors BT: Data governance BT: Sensors Government RT: Censorship Glycomics Developing countries BT: Molecular biomarkers Food waste Open data GNP Public infrastructure USE: Economic indicators NT: General Data Protection Regulation GNSS Must-carry USE: Global navigation satellite Public policy system Regulation

Goggles Governmental factors USE: Eye protection BT: Management RT: Government Gold Legal factors UF: Au Social factors BT: Metals NT: Public finance NT: Gold alloys GPR Gold alloys USE: Ground penetrating radar BT: Gold RT: Alloying GPS This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 210 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Global Positioning System Optimal matching Reachability analysis GPU Shortest path problem USE: Graphics processing units Tree graphs

Gradient methods Graphene BT: Mathematics BT: Carbon Numerical analysis NT: Graphene devices Optimization methods RT: Level set Graphene devices Search methods BT: Graphene RT: Field effect transistors Grain alcohol Flexible electronics USE: Ethanol Molecular electronics Nanoelectronics Grain boundaries BT: Crystals Graphic user interfaces RT: Conductivity USE: Graphical user interfaces Corrosion Grain size Graphical models Thermal conductivity BT: Modeling

Grain size Graphical user interfaces BT: Crystals UF: GUI RT: Grain boundaries Graphic user interfaces BT: Product development Grammar User interfaces BT: Professional NT: Avatars communication Writing Graphics RT: Syntactics BT: Design methodology RT: Displays Granular computing Technical drawing BT: Programming NT: Animation RT: Concurrent computing Art Information processing Character generation Computer graphics Granular superconductors Engineering drawings BT: Superconducting materials Layout RT: High-temperature Shape superconductors Symbols Virtual reality Graph neural networks Visualization BT: Neural networks Graphics processing units Graph theory UF: GPU BT: Combinatorial mathematics VPU Mathematics BT: Program processors RT: Ant colony optimization RT: AI accelerators Belief propagation Computer graphics Circuit topology Hardware acceleration Topology NT: Bipartite graph Graphite Directed acyclic graph UF: Black lead Directed graphs Plumbago This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 211 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Carbon Green buildings RT: Lead BT: Construction Green products Grasping RT: Environmental factors BT: Haptic interfaces Green design

Gratings Green cleaning UF: Optical gratings BT: Green products Transient gratings BT: Periodic structures Green computing RT: Optical devices BT: Computer applications Energy conservation Gravimeter Green design USE: Gravity measurement RT: Environmental factors Sustainable development Gravitational force USE: Gravity Green design UF: Environmental design Gravitational waves Sustainable design BT: Astronomy BT: Design methodology Gravity RT: Energy informatics Green buildings Gravitometer NT: Ecodesign USE: Gravity measurement Green computing

Gravity Green function UF: Gravitational force USE: Green's function methods BT: Force RT: Acceleration Green manufacturing Force measurement BT: Environmental factors NT: Gravitational waves Manufacturing

Gravity measurement Green products UF: Gravimeter BT: Environmental factors Gravitometer RT: Biohazards BT: Force measurement Pollution RT: Astrophysics NT: Green buildings Geophysical measurements Green cleaning

Gray codes Green transportation USE: Reflective binary codes BT: Environmental factors Transportation Gray matter USE: Grey matter Green's function USE: Green's function methods Gray-scale UF: Grayscale Green's function methods BT: Image processing UF: Green function Green's function Grayscale Green's functions USE: Gray-scale BT: Modeling RT: Failure analysis Greedy algorithms Materials reliability BT: Computation theory Green's functions This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 212 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Green's function methods Ground-penetrating radar BT: Imaging Greenhouse effect Radar UF: Greenhouse gas RT: Buried object detection BT: Infrared heating Radar detection RT: Carbon emissions Radar imaging Carbon footprint Synthetic aperture radar Carbon sequestration Ultra wideband radar Environmental factors Global warming Ground source heat pumps Low-carbon economy USE: Heat pumps Pollution control Ground state Greenhouse gas USE: Stationary state USE: Greenhouse effect Ground support Greenhouses UF: Aerospace ground BT: Agriculture equipment Production facilities Aerospace ground services RT: Crops BT: Aerospace control RT: Aircraft Grey codes Military equipment USE: Reflective binary codes Missiles Navigation Grey matter Rockets UF: Gray matter Space vehicles BT: Central nervous system Ground temperature Grid computing USE: Land surface temperature UF: Grid maze BT: Metacomputing Ground transportation RT: Cloud computing USE: Land transportation

Grid maze Ground vehicles USE: Grid computing USE: Land vehicles

Grinding machines Ground-penetrating radar BT: Machine tools USE: Ground penetrating radar

Grippers Grounding UF: Microgrippers UF: earthing Worms BT: Electrical safety BT: Materials handling RT: Circuit stability equipment Electric shock RT: End effectors Fault currents Loading Power system protection Protection Gross domestic product USE: Economic indicators Group technology BT: Production Gross national product RT: Product design USE: Economic indicators Production control

Ground penetrating radar Groupware UF: GPR USE: Collaborative software This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 213 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

GSM Gyrators UF: Global System for Mobile BT: Active circuits Communications RT: Active inductors BT: Cellular technology Ferrite devices Wireless communication RT: Dual band Gyroklystrons Roaming USE: Klystrons NT: GSM-R Gyromagnetism GSM-R BT: Magnetics UF: GSM-Railway RT: Faraday effect BT: GSM Ferrites Railway communication Gyrotropism

GSM-Railway Gyroscopes USE: GSM-R UF: Non-gyroscopes Nongyroscopes GTEM cells BT: Level control USE: TEM cells RT: Laser applications Ring lasers GUI USE: Graphical user interfaces Gyrotrons BT: Masers Guided electromagnetic wave propagation RT: Electron beams USE: Waveguide theory Gyrotropism Guidelines BT: Magnetooptic effects BT: Standardization RT: Faraday effect RT: IEEE publishing Gyromagnetism ISO Publishing H infinity control UF: H-infinity control Guideways (mechanical) BT: Optimization methods USE: Mechanical guides RT: Closed loop systems Control systems Gunn devices Intelligent control UF: Transferred electron Optimal control devices BT: Semiconductor devices H-infinity control USE: H infinity control Guns BT: Weapons H2O USE: Water Gunshot detection systems BT: Geographic information Hacker systems USE: Computer hacking Sensor systems Hacking Gynaecology USE: Computer crime USE: Gynecology Hacks Gynecology USE: Computer hacking UF: Gynaecology BT: Medical specialties Haemorrhaging This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 214 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Hemorrhaging Hand tools BT: Tools Hafnium RT: Machine tools UF: Hf BT: Chemical elements Handheld computers Metals UF: BlackBerry RT: Nuclear physics Handheld devices NT: Hafnium compounds Wireless handheld devices BT: Portable computers Hafnium compounds NT: Personal digital assistants BT: Hafnium RT: Alloying Handheld devices NT: Hafnium oxide USE: Handheld computers

Hafnium oxide Handicapped aids BT: Hafnium compounds USE: Assistive technology

Hair Handover BT: Integumentary system BT: Communication switching NT: Eyebrows Data transfer Eyelashes RT: Cellular networks Hair follicle Communication system signaling Hair follicle Satellite communication BT: Hair Handsets Half-wave plates USE: Telephone sets USE: Optical retarders Handwriting recognition Hall effect UF: Signature detection UF: Hall mobility Signature verification BT: Magnetoelectric effects Written character RT: Hall effect devices recognition Written characters Hall effect devices Written-character BT: Semiconductor devices recognition RT: Hall effect BT: Identification of persons Pattern recognition Hall mobility RT: Biometrics (access control) USE: Hall effect NT: Forgery

Ham radios Haptic interfaces BT: Radio communication UF: Haptic systems equipment Haptics BT: Computer interfaces Hamming distance RT: Modeling BT: Information theory Touch sensitive screens NT: Data gloves Hamming weight Force feedback BT: Information theory Grasping Tactile Internet HAMR USE: Heat-assisted magnetic Haptic systems recording USE: Haptic interfaces

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Haptics USE: Hardware design USE: Haptic interfaces languages

Hard amorphous carbon Hardware design languages USE: Diamond-like carbon UF: HDL HDVL Hard disc drives Hardware description USE: Hard disks languages IEEE 1364 Hard discs BT: Computer languages USE: Hard disks RT: Design automation NT: VHDL Hard disk drives USE: Hard disks Hardware-in-the-loop simulation UF: HIL simulation Hard disks BT: Simulation UF: Hard disc drives RT: Aerospace control Hard discs Control engineering Hard disk drives computing Hard-disc drives Control system synthesis Hard-disk drives Embedded systems BT: Magnetic memory Real-time systems RT: Giant magnetoresistance Testing Vehicle dynamics Hard-disc drives USE: Hard disks Harmonic analysis UF: Harmonics Hard-disk drives BT: Mathematics USE: Hard disks Signal analysis RT: Fast Fourier transforms Hardsuit Fourier transforms USE: Wearable robots Spectral analysis Wavelet transforms Hardware UF: Computer hardware Harmonic distortion BT: Computers and information BT: Nonlinear distortion processing RT: Power conversion RT: Computer ports harmonics Firewalls (computing) NT: Harmonics suppression NT: Hardware acceleration Total harmonic distortion Input devices Open source hardware Harmonic filters Reconfigurable devices BT: Filters Wireless access points Harmonic generation Hardware acceleration USE: Frequency conversion UF: 3D accelerators Accelerated computing Harmonics Cryptographic accelerators USE: Harmonic analysis BT: Computer performance Hardware Harmonics suppression RT: Central Processing Unit BT: Harmonic distortion Graphics processing units Harmonised index of consumer prices Hardware description languages USE: Economic indicators This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 216 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Harmonized index of consumer prices Hazmat USE: Economic indicators USE: Hazardous materials

Hash functions HbbTV Standards BT: Algorithms BT: ETSI Standards RT: Cryptography RT: Digital TV Encoding TV NT: Cryptographic hash function HBT USE: Heterojunction bipolar Hashtag transistors USE: Tagging HCCI engines Hazardous areas USE: Internal combustion BT: Hazards engines RT: Accidents Explosions HCI Fires USE: Human computer Hazardous materials interaction Industrial accidents Protection HD Radioactive pollution USE: High definition video Radioactive waste Safety HD video Surveillance USE: High definition video

Hazardous materials HDL UF: Hazmat USE: Hardware design BT: Hazards languages Materials RT: Chemical hazards HDTV Flammability UF: ATV Hazardous areas Advanced TV Radioactive waste EDTV Toxicology Extended definition TV High definition television Hazards High-definition TV BT: Safety IDTV RT: Contamination Improved definition TV Explosion protection BT: Digital TV Landslides NT: UHDTV Occupational stress Pest control HDVL Rescue robots USE: Hardware design Working environment noise languages NT: Biohazards Chemical hazards Head Explosions BT: Body regions Fires RT: Auditory system Flammability Brain Floods Visual systems Hazardous areas NT: Cranium Hazardous materials Ear Toxicology Faces This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 217 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Forehead Health information management Lips BT: Medical services Mouth Nose Health physics Scalp USE: Radiation monitoring Skull Healthcare Head sets USE: Medical services USE: Headphones Hearing Head-mounted displays USE: Auditory system UF: Head-worn displays Helmet mounted displays Hearing aids BT: Displays BT: Sensory aids Human computer RT: Auditory system interaction Speech enhancement

Head-up displays Heart UF: Heads up displays BT: Cardiovascular system BT: Displays RT: Cardiology Human computer NT: Cardiac function interaction Fetal heart Heart rate Head-worn displays Heart valves USE: Head-mounted displays Heart ventricles

Headphones Heart arrest UF: Earphones USE: Cardiac arrest Head sets Headsets Heart attack BT: Audio systems USE: Cardiac arrest

Heads up displays Heart beat USE: Head-up displays UF: Heartbeat BT: Heart rate Headsets USE: Headphones Heart rate UF: HR Health (occupational) BT: Heart USE: Occupational health NT: Fetal heart rate Heart beat Health and safety Heart rate detection BT: Safety Heart rate interval RT: Environmental factors Heart rate measurement NT: Occupational health Heart rate variability Occupational safety Personal protective Heart rate detection equipment BT: Heart rate

Health care Heart rate interval USE: Medical services BT: Heart rate

Health informatics Heart rate measurement USE: Bioinformatics BT: Heart rate RT: Phonocardiography This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 218 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Annealing Heart rate variability Calcination UF: HRV BT: Heart rate Heat-assisted magnetic recording UF: HAMR Heart valves BT: Magnetic recording BT: Heart Heating systems Heart ventricles BT: Temperature control BT: Heart RT: Entropy Furnaces Heartbeat HVAC USE: Heart beat High-temperature techniques Heat engines Laser applications BT: Engines Rapid thermal processing NT: Steam engines Thermal engineering Stirling engines NT: Boilers Cogeneration Heat islands Electromagnetic heating USE: Thermal pollution Heat pipes Heat recovery Heat pipes Induction heating BT: Heating systems Infrared heating RT: Cooling Resistance heating Heat transfer Solar heating Space heating Heat pumps Thermal energy UF: Ground source heat pumps Trigeneration BT: Pumps Water heating RT: Refrigerants Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning Heat recovery USE: HVAC UF: Industrial heat recovery BT: Heating systems Heatsinks RT: Boilers USE: Heat sinks Thermal engineering Hebb's methods Heat sinks USE: Hebbian theory UF: Heatsinks BT: Cooling Hebb's rule USE: Hebbian theory Heat transfer BT: Thermal conductivity Hebbian learning RT: Heat pipes USE: Hebbian theory NT: Convection Hebbian principle Heat treatment USE: Hebbian theory BT: Materials processing RT: Curing Hebbian theory Firing UF: Hebb's methods Foundries Hebb's rule Kilns Hebbian learning Smelting Hebbian principle Thermal factors BT: Artificial neural networks This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 219 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Helical antennas Hermetic seals BT: Antennas BT: Seals RT: Electromagnetic waveguides Hetero-nanocrystal memory Telecommunications BT: Single electron memory Transmission lines VHF circuits Heterogeneous networks Waveguide components BT: Computer networks

Helical gears Heterojunction bipolar transistors USE: Gears UF: HBT BT: Transistors Helicopters RT: Heterojunctions BT: Aircraft Integrated optoelectronics Semiconductor devices Helium NT: Double heterojunction BT: Chemical elements bipolar transistors Gases Heterojunctions Helmet mounted displays BT: Junctions USE: Head-mounted displays RT: Heterojunction bipolar transistors Hemodynamics UF: Hemorheology Heterostructure FETs BT: Blood flow USE: HEMTs AND MODFETs Hemorheology USE: Hemodynamics Heuristic algorithms UF: Dynamic algorithms Hemorrhaging BT: Algorithms UF: Bleeding Haemorrhaging HEV BT: Medical conditions USE: Hybrid electric vehicles

HEMTs HEVC UF: Heterostructure FETs USE: High efficiency video coding High electron mobility transistors Hf High electron-mobility USE: Hafnium transistors High-electron mobility HF radar transistors USE: High frequency radar High-electron-mobility transistors HFC BT: Field effect transistors USE: Hybrid fiber coaxial cables RT: MODFETs NT: D-HEMTs Hg DH-HEMTs USE: Mercury (metals) PHEMTs mHEMTs Hidden Markov models BT: Modeling Hepatectomy RT: Markov processes BT: Medical treatment Pattern recognition Surgery This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 220 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Hierarchical learning BT: Radio frequency USE: Deep learning High frequency radar Hierarchical systems UF: HF radar BT: Systems engineering and BT: Radar theory NT: Multilevel systems High frequency transformers USE: High-frequency High definition television transformers USE: HDTV High intensity discharge lamps High definition video BT: Discharge lamps UF: HD RT: Arc discharges HD video Electrical ballasts BT: Video recording Emergency lighting NT: Ultra-high definition video Light sources Lighting High efficiency video coding Lighting control UF: HEVC High-efficiency video High K coding USE: High-k dielectric materials BT: Video coding RT: MPEG 4 Standard High level languages BT: Computer languages High electron mobility transistors RT: Page description languages USE: HEMTs NT: Java Linux High electron-mobility transistors Parallel languages USE: HEMTs High level synthesis High energy physics BT: Circuit synthesis UF: Particle physics RT: Programmable logic BT: Physics devices

High energy physics instrumentation High performance computing computing UF: HPC BT: Computer applications High-performance Instrumentation and computing measurement BT: Computers and information Nuclear and plasma processing sciences NT: Exascale computing RT: Data acquisition Elementary particles High power amplifiers Nuclear electronics BT: Power amplifiers Particle measurements RT: Gate drivers Particle tracking Position sensitive particle High power fiber lasers detectors UF: HPFL Proton effects High-power fiber lasers Radiation effects BT: Fiber lasers Real-time systems Synchrotrons High power microwave generation NT: Linear particle accelerator UF: HPM generation High-power microwave High frequency generation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 221 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Microwave generation USE: HEMTs

High resolution imaging High-electron-mobility transistors USE: High-resolution imaging USE: HEMTs

High speed electronics High-frequency transformers USE: High-speed electronics UF: High frequency transformers High speed integrated circuits BT: Transformers USE: High-speed integrated circuits High-K USE: High-k dielectric materials High speed networking USE: High-speed networks High-k dielectric materials UF: High K High speed networks High-K USE: High-speed networks BT: Dielectric materials RT: Semiconductor materials High speed optical methods USE: High-speed optical High-k gate dielectrics techniques BT: Dielectric constant Semiconductor device High speed optical techniques manufacture USE: High-speed optical techniques High-performance computing USE: High performance High speed rail transportation computing USE: High-speed rail transportation High-power fiber lasers USE: High power fiber lasers High speed techniques USE: High-speed electronics High-power microwave generation USE: High power microwave High Tc superconductors generation USE: High-temperature superconductors High-resolution imaging UF: High resolution imaging High Tc superconductors BT: Image resolution USE: High-temperature superconductors High-speed electronics UF: High speed electronics High temperature superconductors High speed techniques USE: High-temperature High-speed techniques superconductors BT: Communications technology High voltage NT: High-speed integrated USE: High-voltage techniques circuits High-speed networks High-definition TV Ultrafast electronics USE: HDTV High-speed integrated circuits High-efficiency video coding UF: High speed integrated USE: High efficiency video coding circuits BT: High-speed electronics High-electron mobility transistors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 222 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Integrated circuit Superconductors (high technology temperature) Microcontrollers BT: Superconducting materials RT: Ceramics High-speed networking Granular superconductors USE: High-speed networks Persistent currents Superconducting devices High-speed networks Superconducting films UF: High speed networking Superconducting transition High speed networks temperature High-speed networking Surface impedance BT: High-speed electronics Surface resistance RT: Long Term Evolution NT: Yttrium barium copper oxide High-speed optical methods USE: High-speed optical High-temperature techniques techniques BT: Industry applications RT: Heating systems High-speed optical techniques NT: Rapid thermal processing UF: High speed optical methods High speed optical High-voltage techniques techniques UF: High voltage High-speed optical methods BT: Power engineering BT: Optical design techniques RT: Power electronics RT: Light fidelity Pulsed power systems

High-speed rail transportation Higher order statistics UF: High speed rail BT: Statistics transportation RT: Differential equations BT: Rail transportation RT: Magnetic levitation vehicles Highways USE: Road transportation High-speed techniques USE: High-speed electronics HIL simulation USE: Hardware-in-the-loop High-Tc superconductors simulation USE: High-temperature superconductors Hilbert space BT: Euclidean distance High-Tc superconductors USE: High-temperature Hilbert?Huang transforms superconductors USE: Empirical mode decomposition High-temperature effects USE: Thermal factors Hindbrain UF: Rhombencephalon High-temperature superconductors BT: Brain UF: HTS RT: Forebrain High Tc superconductors Midbrain High Tc superconductors High temperature Hinges superconductors USE: Fasteners High-Tc superconductors High-Tc superconductors Hip BT: Extremities This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 223 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Hip joint replacements Holographic optical components USE: Prosthetics BT: Optical devices RT: Holography Hippocampus BT: Temporal lobe Holography RT: Alzheimer's disease BT: Imaging RT: Holographic optical Histograms components BT: Statistics Image reconstruction Laser applications Histology Photorefractive materials USE: Histopathology Home appliances Histopathology UF: Appliances UF: Histology Domestic appliances BT: Pathology Domestic induction appliances History Household appliances BT: Science - general BT: Consumer products NT: Gas appliances HITL Microwave ovens USE: Human in the loop Ovens Refrigerators HIV Washing machines USE: Human immunodeficiency virus Home automation UF: Home networks Hobbing machines BT: Consumer electronics BT: Machining RT: Automation RT: Machine tools Fall detection Service robots Hockey NT: Portable media players USE: Sports Refrigerators Smart homes Hoists Washing machines USE: Lifting equipment Home computing Hole carriers BT: Consumer electronics USE: Charge carrier processes RT: Computers and information processing Holey fibers Firewire UF: Holey fibres Microcomputers BT: Photonic crystal fibers Home networks Holey fibres USE: Home automation USE: Holey fibers Home phone Hollow waveguides USE: Landline BT: Electromagnetic waveguides Homeostasis NT: Liquid waveguides BT: Biology Control systems Holmium BT: Chemical elements Homopolar machines This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 224 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: DC machines RT: Semiconductor devices NT: Hot carrier effects Honey pot (computing) Hot carrier injection BT: Computer security Hot-carrier injection Honeycomb structures USE: Hot carrier injection BT: Structural shapes RT: Lightweight structures Household appliances Sandwich structures USE: Home appliances Structural panels Thin wall structures HPC USE: High performance Hopfield networks computing USE: Hopfield neural networks HPFL Hopfield neural networks USE: High power fiber lasers UF: Hopfield networks BT: Recurrent neural networks HPM generation USE: High power microwave Hormones generation USE: Biochemistry HR Horn antennas USE: Heart rate BT: Antennas HRV Horses USE: Heart rate variability BT: Animals HTML Hoses BT: Markup languages BT: Mechanical products RT: Automotive components HTS Rubber products USE: High-temperature superconductors Hospitals BT: Medical services Huffman coding Medical treatment BT: Data compression RT: Biomedical engineering Entropy coding RT: Algorithms Hot carrier effects Communication systems BT: Hot carriers Multimedia communication Multimedia databases Hot carrier injection Multimedia systems UF: Hot-carrier injection Symbols BT: Hot carriers NT: Channel hot electron Human anatomy injection BT: Anatomy Drain avalanche hot carrier injection Human cloning Secondary generated hot USE: Cloning electron injection Substrate hot electron Human computer interaction injection UF: HCI Human machine interaction Hot carriers Human-centered computing BT: Charge carriers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 225 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Human-computer Human intelligence interaction Mental health Human-computer interfaces Technology acceptance User friendliness model BT: User interfaces RT: Adaptive learning Human factors engineering Cyber-physical systems USE: Ergonomics AND Human factors Human factors Human-vehicle systems Immersive audio Human image synthesis Man-machine systems BT: Human factors User experience Image synthesis NT: Affective computing RT: Films Chatbot Photorealism Extended reality Gaze tracking Human immunodeficiency virus Head-mounted displays UF: HIV Head-up displays BT: Diseases Human in the loop RT: Acquired immune Immersive experience deficiency syndrome Telepresence Telexistence Human in the loop UF: HITL Human disease markers BT: Human computer USE: Biomarkers interaction Simulation Human engineering RT: Computer simulation USE: Ergonomics Modeling

Human factors Human intelligence UF: Human factors engineering BT: Cognitive science Stress (psychological) Human factors BT: Systems, man, and NT: Digital intelligence cybernetics RT: Aerospace biophysics Human machine interaction Affective computing USE: Human computer Androids interaction Anthropometry Behavioral sciences Human resource management Chatbot BT: Management Cognitive science RT: Industrial psychology Digital intelligence NT: Appraisal Ergonomics Continuing professional Human computer development interaction Employee welfare Man-machine systems Employment Persuasive systems Equal opportunities Problem-solving Incentive schemes Productivity Job specification Social engineering Labor resources (security) Leadership Telerobotics Multiskilling User experience Personnel NT: Anthropomorphism Recruitment Human image synthesis Remuneration This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 226 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Retirement Termination of employment HumanXR Unemployment USE: Extended reality

Human robot interaction Humidity USE: Human-robot interaction BT: Meteorology RT: Humidity control Human voice Humidity measurement BT: Speech processing Trees - insulation

Human-centered computing Humidity control USE: Human computer BT: Moisture control interaction RT: Humidity

Human-computer interaction Humidity measurement USE: Human computer BT: Moisture measurement interaction RT: Humidity

Human-computer interfaces Hurricanes USE: Human computer BT: Cyclones interaction HVAC Human-robot interaction UF: Heating, ventilation, and air UF: Human robot interaction conditioning BT: User interfaces BT: Thermal variables control RT: Tactile Internet RT: Air conditioning Wearable robots Cooling Heating systems Human-vehicle interaction Ventilation USE: Human-vehicle systems HVDC transmission Human-vehicle systems BT: Power transmission UF: Human-vehicle interaction RT: DC distribution systems BT: User interfaces Voltage-source converters RT: Human computer interaction Hybrid automobiles USE: Hybrid electric vehicles Humanitarian activities UF: Humanitarian aid Hybrid cars BT: IEEE Corporate activities USE: Hybrid electric vehicles

Humanitarian aid Hybrid electric vehicles USE: Humanitarian activities UF: HEV Hybrid automobiles Humanoid robotics Hybrid cars USE: Humanoid robots BT: Electric vehicles RT: Battery powered vehicles Humanoid robots Charging stations UF: Humanoid robotics Energy storage Humanoids Internal combustion BT: Robots engines RT: Mobile robots Traction motors Vehicle-to-grid Humanoids NT: Plug-in hybrid electric USE: Humanoid robots vehicles This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 227 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Production materials Hybrid fiber coaxial cables UF: HFC Hydraulic fracking Hybrid fibre coaxial cables USE: Fracking BT: Coaxial cables Hydraulic liquids Hybrid fibre coaxial cables USE: Hydraulic fluids USE: Hybrid fiber coaxial cables Hydraulic oils Hybrid integrated circuits USE: Hydraulic fluids BT: Circuits Integrated circuits Hydraulic systems RT: Thick film circuits UF: Hydraulics Thin film circuits BT: Machinery RT: Fluid flow Hybrid intelligent systems Irrigation BT: Fuzzy systems NT: Electrohydraulics RT: Intelligent systems Hydraulic equipment Hydraulic fluids Hybrid junctions BT: Junctions Hydraulic turbines RT: Directional couplers BT: Turbines RT: Hydroelectric power Hybrid learning generation UF: Blended learning BT: Learning systems Hydraulics USE: Hydraulic systems Hybrid power systems BT: Power systems Hydrocarbon reservoirs RT: Distributed power BT: Hydrocarbons generation Photovoltaic systems Hydrocarbons UF: Oil sands Hydraulic actuators Oil shale BT: Actuators BT: Organic chemicals RT: Hydraulic drives Petroleum NT: Hydrocarbon reservoirs Hydraulic diameter BT: Fluid flow Hydrochemistry NT: Microchannels USE: Geochemistry

Hydraulic drives Hydrodynamics BT: Drives UF: Smoothed particle RT: Hydraulic actuators hydrodynamics BT: Dynamics Hydraulic equipment Mechanical factors BT: Hydraulic systems RT: Fluid dynamics RT: Water pumps Fluid flow NT: Valves Microfluidics Water Hydraulic fluids NT: Electrohydrodynamics UF: Hydraulic liquids Magnetohydrodynamics Hydraulic oils BT: Fluids Hydroelectric power Hydraulic systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 228 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Hydroelectric power Geoscience generation Hydrologic measurements NT: Fracking Hydroelectric power generation UF: Hydroelectric power Hydrology Hydroelectricity BT: Fluid flow Hydropower RT: Water Hyrdroelectric Wetlands BT: Power generation NT: Floods RT: Dams Hydrologic measurements Hydraulic turbines Hydrological techniques NT: Hydroelectric-thermal Ocean waves power generation Microhydro power Hydromagnetics Picohydro power USE: Magnetohydrodynamics Wave energy conversion Hydrometers Hydroelectric-thermal power generation BT: Density measurement BT: Hydroelectric power generation Hydrophones USE: Sonar equipment Hydroelectricity USE: Hydroelectric power Hydropower generation USE: Hydroelectric power generation Hydrogen BT: Chemical elements Hyper ledger Gases USE: Distributed ledger RT: Water splitting NT: Deuterium Hypercubes BT: Multiprocessor Hydrogen chloride interconnection USE: Chlorine compounds RT: Computer networks

Hydrogen fluoride Hyperdermic needles BT: Fluorine compounds USE: Hypodermic needles

Hydrogen powered vehicles Hyperledger BT: Vehicles USE: Distributed ledger

Hydrogen storage Hyperlinks BT: Energy storage USE: Hypertext systems

Hydrologic measurements Hypermedia BT: Hydrology BT: Multimedia communication RT: Fluid flow measurement Geophysics Hyperspectral imaging Hydrological techniques BT: Hyperspectral sensors Oceanographic techniques Water Hyperspectral sensors BT: Remote sensing Hydrological techniques RT: Geologic measurements BT: Hydrology Military aircraft RT: Geoengineering Military communication Geophysics Military satellites This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 229 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Mining industry Submillimeter wave IC packaging measurements USE: Integrated circuit packaging Wavelength measurement NT: Hyperspectral imaging Ice BT: Geoscience Hypertension RT: Meteorology BT: Medical conditions Snow NT: Ice shelf Hypertext systems Ice surface UF: Hyperlinks Ice thickness BT: Computer interfaces Sea ice Information retrieval RT: Database systems Ice shelf BT: Ice Hyperthermia BT: Medical conditions Ice surface Medical treatment BT: Ice RT: Electromagnetic heating Ice thickness Hypervisors BT: Ice USE: Virtual machine monitors ICIC Hypodermic needles USE: Intercell interference UF: Hyperdermic needles BT: Biomedical equipment ICP USE: Iterative closest point Hypothalamus algorithm BT: Brain RT: Central nervous system ICs USE: Integrated circuits Hyrdroelectric USE: Hydroelectric power ICT generation USE: Information and communication technology Hysteresis BT: Materials science and ID-based encryption technology USE: Identity-based encryption RT: Damping Magnetic hysteresis Identification of persons Magnetization processes BT: Systems, man, and Spin valves cybernetics RT: Access control Hysteresis motors Palmprint recognition BT: AC motors Security Motors NT: Biometrics (access control) Rotating machines Face recognition Synchronous machines Fingerprint recognition Synchronous motors Handwriting recognition Speaker recognition I/O programs Speech recognition USE: Input-output programs Identity management systems IC BT: Computer security USE: Integrated circuits Information systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 230 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Identity-based cryptography IEEE 802.11 Standard USE: Identity-based encryption UF: 802.11 P802.11 Identity-based encryption WiGig UF: ID-based encryption BT: IEEE 802 LAN-MAN Identity-based cryptography Standards BT: Public key cryptography RT: Bluetooth Butler matrices IDTV Computer networks USE: HDTV MIMO communication Modulation IEC Protocols UF: International Radio communication electrotechnical commission Wireless LAN BT: Standards organizations Wireless access points RT: Communication standards Wireless communication IEC Standards Wireless fidelity Standardization NT: IEEE 802.11ax Standard Standards IEEE 802.11e Standard NT: Moving Pictures Experts IEEE 802.11g Standard Group IEEE 802.11n Standard IEEE 802.11p Standard IEC publications USE: IEC Standards IEEE 802.11ax Standard UF: 802.11ax IEC Standards Wi-Fi 6 UF: IEC publications BT: IEEE 802.11 Standard BT: Standards publications RT: Common Information Model IEEE 802.11e Standard (electricity) UF: 802.11e IEC BT: IEEE 802.11 Standard NT: MPEG standards RT: Communication channels Protocols IEEE 1364 Quality assurance USE: Hardware design Quality control languages Quality of service Streaming media IEEE 1394 Standard Wireless LAN UF: P1394 BT: IEEE Standards IEEE 802.11g Standard RT: Data buses UF: 802.11g Data communication BT: IEEE 802.11 Standard Firewire RT: Bluetooth Machine vision Computer networks Video signal processing Modulation Protocols IEEE 802 LAN-MAN Standards Radio communication BT: IEEE Standards Wireless LAN NT: IEEE 802.11 Standard IEEE 802.15 Standard IEEE 802.11n Standard IEEE 802.16 Standard UF: 802.11n IEEE 802.19 Standard BT: IEEE 802.11 Standard IEEE 802.22 Standard RT: Antennas IEEE 802.3 Standard Bluetooth This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 231 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Communication channels BT: IEEE 802 LAN-MAN Computer networks Standards MIMO communication RT: Communication switching Modulation Computer networks Protocols Ethernet Radio communication Local area networks Wireless LAN Packet switching Switches IEEE 802.11p Standard Wide area networks BT: IEEE 802.11 Standard RT: Intelligent vehicles IEEE activities Wireless Access in UF: Activities Vehicular Environments BT: IEEE organization Wireless communication RT: IEEE Boards Wireless networks NT: IEEE Awards activities IEEE Conference activities IEEE 802.15 Standard IEEE Corporate activities UF: 802.15 IEEE Educational activities BT: IEEE 802 LAN-MAN IEEE Intersociety activities Standards IEEE Local activities RT: Bluetooth IEEE Member and Light fidelity Geographic activities Personal communication IEEE Professional activities networks IEEE Standards activities Radio communication IEEE Student activities Wireless LAN IEEE Technical activities Zigbee IEEE United States activities IEEE 802.16 Standard IEEE Volunteer activities UF: 802.16 IEEE publishing BT: IEEE 802 LAN-MAN Standards IEEE Associate Members RT: Broadband communication BT: IEEE members Computer networks Cross layer design IEEE audio tapes Internet BT: IEEE products MIMO communication Metropolitan area networks IEEE Awards activities Multimedia communication BT: IEEE activities WiMAX RT: Awards IEEE Educational activities IEEE 802.19 Standard IEEE Fellows BT: IEEE 802 LAN-MAN IEEE Foundation Standards IEEE Professional activities IEEE Technical activities IEEE 802.22 Standard IEEE United States BT: IEEE 802 LAN-MAN activities Standards NT: IEEE Corporate awards RT: Regional area networks IEEE Society awards WRAN IEEE Standards awards Wireless communication IEEE Student awards Wireless networks National Society Agreement awards IEEE 802.3 Standard UF: 802.3 IEEE Boards This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 232 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: IEEE entities RT: IEEE Corporate activities RT: IEEE activities NT: IEEE Medals IEEE Recognitions IEEE books IEEE Technical Field BT: IEEE publications awards

IEEE bylaws IEEE Corporate recognitions BT: IEEE governance BT: IEEE Recognitions

IEEE catalogs IEEE Councils BT: IEEE products BT: IEEE entities

IEEE Center for the History of Electrical IEEE directories Engineering BT: IEEE publications UF: IEEE History Center BT: IEEE entities IEEE Educational activities BT: IEEE activities IEEE Chapter news RT: IEEE Awards activities BT: IEEE news IEEE Foundation IEEE Professional activities IEEE Chapters BT: IEEE entities IEEE educational products BT: IEEE products IEEE Collabratec BT: IEEE products IEEE employees USE: IEEE staff IEEE Committees BT: IEEE entities IEEE entities BT: IEEE organization IEEE Communities NT: IEEE Boards BT: IEEE entities IEEE Center for the History of Electrical Engineering IEEE Computer Society Press IEEE Chapters BT: IEEE entities IEEE Committees RT: IEEE publishing IEEE Communities IEEE Computer Society IEEE Conference activities Press BT: IEEE activities IEEE Councils IEEE Foundation IEEE conference proceedings IEEE Press BT: IEEE publications IEEE Regions IEEE Sections IEEE Constitution IEEE Societies BT: IEEE governance IEEE Fellows IEEE Corporate activities BT: IEEE members BT: IEEE activities RT: IEEE Awards activities RT: IEEE Corporate awards IEEE Professional activities IEEE Foundation IEEE staff BT: IEEE entities Legal factors RT: IEEE Awards activities NT: Humanitarian activities IEEE Educational activities

IEEE Corporate awards IEEE governance BT: IEEE Awards activities BT: IEEE organization This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 233 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: IEEE Constitution IEEE bylaws IEEE mission and vision IEEE mission and vision UF: Vision IEEE policy and procedures BT: IEEE governance IEEE staff IEEE news IEEE History Center UF: Announcements USE: IEEE Center for the History BT: IEEE organization of Electrical Engineering NT: IEEE Chapter news IEEE Region news IEEE indexing IEEE Section news BT: IEEE organization IEEE Society news NT: Awards Book reviews IEEE newsletters CD-ROM reviews BT: IEEE publications Interviews Obituaries IEEE on-line publications Software reviews USE: IEEE online publications Special issues and sections Tutorials IEEE online publications Video reviews UF: Electronic publications IEEE on-line publications IEEE Intersociety activities BT: IEEE publications BT: IEEE activities RT: IEEE Professional activities IEEE organization NT: IEEE activities IEEE journals IEEE entities BT: IEEE publications IEEE governance IEEE indexing IEEE Life Members IEEE members BT: IEEE members IEEE news IEEE products IEEE Local activities BT: IEEE activities IEEE policy and procedures UF: IEEE procedures IEEE magazines BT: IEEE governance BT: IEEE publications IEEE Press IEEE Medals BT: IEEE entities BT: IEEE Corporate awards RT: IEEE publishing

IEEE Member and Geographic activities IEEE Prize Paper awards BT: IEEE activities BT: IEEE Recognitions

IEEE members IEEE procedures BT: IEEE organization USE: IEEE policy and procedures RT: IEEE Volunteer activities NT: IEEE Associate Members IEEE products IEEE Fellows BT: IEEE organization IEEE Life Members NT: IEEE Collabratec IEEE Senior Members IEEE Xplore IEEE Student Members IEEE audio tapes IEEE catalogs IEEE merchandise IEEE educational products BT: IEEE products IEEE merchandise This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 234 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

IEEE publications BT: IEEE entities

IEEE Professional activities IEEE Senior Members UF: Non-united-states activities BT: IEEE members BT: IEEE activities RT: IEEE Awards activities IEEE Service awards IEEE Corporate activities BT: IEEE Recognitions IEEE Educational activities IEEE Intersociety activities IEEE Societies IEEE Technical activities BT: IEEE entities IEEE United States activities IEEE Society awards BT: IEEE Awards activities IEEE publications BT: IEEE products IEEE Society news NT: IEEE books BT: IEEE news IEEE conference proceedings IEEE staff IEEE directories UF: IEEE employees IEEE journals BT: IEEE governance IEEE magazines RT: IEEE Corporate activities IEEE newsletters IEEE online publications IEEE Staff recognitions IEEE standards BT: IEEE Recognitions publications IEEE transactions IEEE Standards Notice of Violation BT: Standards publications RT: ANSI Standards IEEE publishing IEEE Standards activities BT: IEEE activities NT: AIEE Standards RT: Guidelines IEEE 1394 Standard IEEE Computer Society IEEE 802 LAN-MAN Press Standards IEEE Press IRE Standards

IEEE Recognitions IEEE Standards activities BT: IEEE Corporate awards BT: IEEE activities NT: IEEE Corporate RT: IEEE Standards recognitions IEEE Prize Paper awards IEEE Standards Association IEEE Service awards BT: Standards organizations IEEE Staff recognitions IEEE Standards awards IEEE Region news BT: IEEE Awards activities BT: IEEE news RT: IEEE Regions IEEE standards glossaries BT: IEEE standards IEEE Regions publications BT: IEEE entities RT: IEEE Region news IEEE standards publications BT: IEEE publications IEEE Section news NT: IEEE standards glossaries BT: IEEE news IEEE Student activities IEEE Sections BT: IEEE activities This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 235 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: IEEE Student Members BT: Semiconductor materials

IEEE Student awards III-V semiconductor materials BT: IEEE Awards activities BT: Semiconductor materials RT: IEEE Student Members RT: Aluminum gallium nitride

IEEE Student Members IIOT BT: IEEE members USE: Industrial Internet of Things RT: IEEE Student activities IEEE Student awards IIR filters UF: Infinite impulse response IEEE Technical activities filters BT: IEEE activities BT: Filters RT: IEEE Awards activities IEEE Professional activities Illumination IEEE Volunteer activities USE: Lighting

IEEE Technical Field awards Illumination control BT: IEEE Corporate awards USE: Lighting control

IEEE transactions Illumination gas BT: IEEE publications USE: Coal gas

IEEE United States activities IM UF: US activities USE: Instant messaging BT: IEEE activities RT: IEEE Awards activities Image analysis IEEE Professional activities UF: Scene analysis Scene classification IEEE Volunteer activities BT: Image processing BT: IEEE activities RT: Image recognition RT: IEEE Technical activities Machine vision IEEE members NT: Image classification Image motion analysis IEEE Xplore Image quality BT: IEEE products Image sequence analysis RT: Information services Image texture analysis NT: IEL Object detection Subtraction techniques IEEE/IEE Electronic Library USE: IEL Image annotation UF: Image tagging IEL Linguistic indexing UF: IEEE/IEE Electronic Library Video annotation BT: IEEE Xplore BT: Image processing RT: Feature extraction Ignition Image classification BT: Chemical reactors Image retrieval Internal combustion Learning (artificial engines intelligence) Nuclear physics Metadata Plasma materials Video signal processing processing Image capture II-VI semiconductor materials BT: Image processing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 236 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Cameras Computer vision Image databases Image sensors BT: Database systems Photography Databases RT: Geographic information Image classification systems BT: Image analysis Image coding RT: Image annotation Image storage Video sequences Image coding NT: Image retrieval UF: Image compression BT: Image processing Image de-noising RT: Image communication USE: Image denoising Image databases Image storage Image deblurring MPEG standards USE: Image restoration Rate distortion theory Transcoding Image decomposition Vector quantization BT: Image processing Video codecs Video coding Image denoising UF: Image de-noising Image color analysis BT: Image processing UF: Image colour analysis RT: Diffusion processes BT: Image processing Gaussian noise RT: Image filtering Image enhancement Image filtering Image colour analysis Image reconstruction USE: Image color analysis Image resolution Image restoration Image communication UF: Image transmission Image edge analysis BT: Communications USE: Image edge detection technology RT: B-ISDN Image edge detection Cable TV UF: Edge detection ISDN Image edge analysis Image coding BT: Image recognition Motion compensation RT: Corner detection TV Feature extraction Teleconferencing Image segmentation Videophone systems Thresholding (Imaging) Visual communication NT: Facsimile Image enhancement Picture archiving and BT: Image processing communication systems RT: Image denoising Image intensifiers Image compression Image restoration USE: Image coding Image filtering Image converters BT: Filtering theory BT: Imaging Image processing RT: Frequency conversion RT: Image color analysis Image sensors Image denoising NT: Image intensifiers Image segmentation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 237 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Image forensics Image forensics Multidimensional signal UF: Forensic photography processing BT: Forensics Optical projectors Photography Reconstruction algorithms RT: Image processing Time-frequency analysis Law enforcement Video sequences Visualization Vision sensors NT: Active shape model Image fusion Blob detection BT: Image processing Corner detection Feature detection Image generation Feature extraction USE: Image synthesis Fiducial markers Geophysical image Image intensifiers processing BT: Image converters Gray-scale RT: Frequency conversion Image analysis Image enhancement Image annotation Image sensors Image capture Image coding Image matching Image color analysis UF: Appearance matching Image decomposition Fingerprint images Image denoising BT: Pattern matching Image enhancement RT: Fingerprint recognition Image filtering Image recognition Image fusion Object detection Image recognition Object recognition Image reconstruction Stereo vision Image registration Image representation Image motion analysis Image resolution BT: Image analysis Image restoration RT: Fall detection Image sampling Motion detection Image segmentation Object tracking Image segmentaton Robotics and automation Image sequences NT: Video tracking Image stitching Image synthesis Image object detection Image texture USE: Object detection Machine vision Morphological operations Image object recognition Optical feedback USE: Object recognition Pansharpening Saliency detection Image pattern recognition Smart pixels USE: Pattern recognition Spatial coherence Structure from motion Image processing Table lookup UF: Picture processing BT: Computers and information Image quality processing BT: Image analysis RT: Authentication RT: Pansharpening Diffusion processes Spatial resolution Gabor filters This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 238 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Image recognition Image filtering BT: Image processing Mixture models RT: Emotion recognition Object tracking Face recognition Fall detection Image segmentaton Feature extraction BT: Image processing Image analysis NT: Thresholding (Imaging) Image matching Machine vision Image sensors Object recognition UF: Sensors (image) Video signal processing BT: Imaging NT: Image edge detection RT: Cameras Endoscopes Image reconstruction Image capture BT: Image processing Image converters RT: Holography Image intensifiers Image denoising Motion detection Inverse problems Night vision Magnetic resonance Optical sensors imaging Photodetectors Pattern clustering Robot vision systems Tomography NT: Active pixel sensors CCD image sensors Image registration CMOS image sensors BT: Image processing Charge-coupled image sensors Image representation Infrared image sensors BT: Image processing NT: Digital representation Image sequence analysis BT: Image analysis Image resolution BT: Image processing Image sequences RT: Image denoising BT: Image processing Visual communication NT: High-resolution imaging Image sharing Web sites Spatial resolution USE: Multimedia Web sites Superresolution Image stitching Image restoration BT: Image processing UF: Image deblurring BT: Image processing Image storage RT: Distortion BT: Imaging Image denoising RT: Image coding Image enhancement Image databases Photography Image retrieval Video recording BT: Image databases RT: Image annotation Image synthesis UF: Image generation Image sampling BT: Image processing BT: Image processing RT: Rendering (computer graphics) Image segmentation NT: Human image synthesis BT: Image processing RT: Image edge detection Image tagging This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 239 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Image annotation Immersive audio BT: Audio systems Image texture Augmented reality BT: Image processing RT: Human computer interaction Image texture analysis Virtual reality BT: Image analysis Immersive experience Image transmission BT: Augmented reality USE: Image communication Human computer interaction Image watermarking Virtual reality USE: Watermarking Immune system Imagimarkers UF: Immune systems USE: Fiducial markers BT: Anatomy RT: Biological control systems Imaging Biology RT: Color Microorganisms Motion pictures NT: Artificial immune systems Radiometry Remote sensing Immune systems Robot vision systems USE: Immune system NT: Biomedical imaging Cameras Immunity testing Focusing BT: Electromagnetic Ground penetrating radar compatibility Holography Electronic equipment Image converters testing Image sensors Electrostatic interference Image storage RT: Anechoic chambers Infrared imaging Electromagnetic Magnetic resonance interference imaging Open area test sites Magneto electrical resistivity imaging technique Impact ionisation Microscopy USE: Impact ionization Microwave imaging Multispectral imaging Impact ionization Nuclear imaging UF: Impact ionisation Optical imaging BT: Ionization Photography RT: Charge carriers Radiation imaging Conductivity Radiography Electrons Stereo vision Insulators Terahertz wave imaging Tomography Impedance UF: Electric impedance Imaging phantoms BT: Electric variables BT: Biomedical image RT: Admittance processing Damping Impedance matching Immersion cooling Impedance measurement BT: Cooling Impedance matching This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 240 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Electric variables RT: Circuits Imposter signature generation Equalizers USE: Forgery Impedance NT: Baluns Improved definition TV USE: HDTV Impedance measurement UF: Impedance methods Impulse generation Impedance performance USE: Pulse generation BT: Electric variables measurement Impulse measurements RT: Admittance measurement USE: Pulse measurements Impedance Transmission line Impulse testing measurements BT: Testing RT: Frequency response Impedance methods Insulation testing USE: Impedance measurement Impurities Impedance performance BT: Materials science and USE: Impedance measurement technology RT: Contamination Impellers NT: Semiconductor impurities BT: Machine components RT: Blades IMT-2000 Propellers USE: 3G mobile communication Pumps In vitro Impersonation attacks BT: Medical services BT: Communication system NT: In vitro fertilization security In vitro fertilization Implantable biomedical devices BT: In vitro USE: Implants In vivo Implantable devices BT: Medical services USE: Implants Incentive schemes Implantable electronics UF: Bonuses USE: Implants Merit pay Performance related pay Implants Profit sharing schemes UF: Implantable biomedical BT: Human resource devices management Implantable devices Remuneration Implantable electronics RT: Appraisal BT: Biomedical equipment Employee welfare NT: Auditory implants Productivity Brainstem implants Cochlear implants Incineration Microelectronic implants UF: Afterburners Neural implants Incinerators Refuse incineration Importance sampling Waste incineration USE: Monte Carlo methods BT: Waste disposal This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 241 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Air pollution Indium compounds Ash Semiconductor materials Radioactive pollution Radioactive waste Indium gallium nitride Radioactive waste disposal BT: Gallium compounds

Incinerators Indium gallium zinc oxide USE: Incineration BT: Zinc oxide

Independent component analysis Indium phosphide BT: Numerical analysis UF: InP RT: Artificial intelligence BT: Semiconductor materials Blind source separation RT: Phonons Computer aided analysis Feature extraction Indium tin oxide Principal component BT: Indium compounds analysis RT: Optical materials Signal processing Indoor air quality Index of production BT: Air quality USE: Economic indicators Indoor communication Indexes BT: Communication systems BT: Database systems RT: Mobile communication RT: Information retrieval Optical fiber communication Information systems Optical modulation NT: Indexing NT: Indoor environment Machine assisted indexing Spatial indexes Indoor environment BT: Indoor communication Indexing UF: Online indexing Indoor navigation BT: Indexes BT: Navigation Information analysis RT: Computer vision RT: Keyword search Global Positioning System Machine assisted indexing Land mobile radio Tagging Path planning Radio navigation Indirect liquid cooling BT: Liquid cooling Indoor radio USE: Indoor radio communication Indium BT: Metals Indoor radio communication RT: Indium compounds UF: Indoor radio Indoor radio Indium compounds communications BT: Compounds BT: Radio communication RT: Alloying Indium Indoor radio communications NT: Indium gallium arsenide USE: Indoor radio communication Indium tin oxide Inductance Indium gallium arsenide BT: Electric variables UF: InGaAs RT: Coils BT: Gallium compounds Inductance measurement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 242 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Inductors RT: Inductors Transmission line theory Sensorless control Transformers Inductance measurement BT: Electric variables Inductive transducers measurement BT: Transducers RT: Inductance Inductors Induction (electromagnetic) UF: Chokes USE: Electromagnetic induction Reactors BT: Electronic components Induction (electrostatic) RT: Coils USE: Electrostatic induction Electrical ballasts Inductance Induction generators Inductive power BT: AC generators transmission Induction machines Magnetic cores NT: Doubly fed induction Tunable circuits and generators devices NT: Active inductors Induction heating Thick film inductors BT: Heating systems Thin film inductors RT: Electromagnetic heating Industrial accidents Induction machines BT: Accidents BT: AC machines RT: Hazardous areas Rotating machines Occupational safety NT: Induction generators Induction motors Industrial communication UF: Organizational Induction motor drives communication BT: Induction motors BT: Communication networks Industrial engineering Induction motors RT: Business BT: AC motors Organizational aspects Induction machines Motors Industrial control Rotating machines BT: Industrial electronics RT: Sensorless control RT: Assembly systems NT: Induction motor drives Computer numerical control Control system security Inductive charging Field buses UF: Wireless charging Industrial engineering BT: Energy exchange Industrial plants Power supplies Manipulators RT: Wireless communication Manufacturing automation Mobile robots Inductive energy transfer Motor drives USE: Inductive power Programmable control transmission Robots NT: Process control Inductive power transmission Production control UF: Inductive energy transfer BT: Electromagnetic induction Industrial democracy Power transmission USE: Industrial relations This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 243 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Industrial control Industrial economics Industrial engineering UF: Manufacturing economics Industrial facilities Production economics Industrial power systems BT: Microeconomics Industries RT: Economies of scale Manufacturing Privatization Paper mills Production systems Industrial electronics NT: Assembly systems Industrial pollution Computer aided BT: Pollution manufacturing RT: Air pollution Cryogenic electronics Industrial waste Industrial control Land pollution Integrated manufacturing Radioactive pollution systems Thermal pollution Machine control Water pollution Manufacturing automation Testing Industrial power systems UF: Commercial power systems Industrial engineering BT: Power systems BT: Industry applications RT: Buildings RT: Design methodology Cogeneration Industrial control Industrial plants Industrial plants Power distribution Industrial training Precision engineering Industrial psychology Production engineering BT: Psychology Production management RT: Employee welfare Research and development Human resource NT: Industrial communication management Productivity Industrial facilities Psychometric testing BT: Production facilities RT: Industrial plants Industrial relations Manufacturing systems UF: Collective bargaining NT: Seaports Industrial democracy Trade unions Industrial heat recovery BT: Business USE: Heat recovery RT: Equal opportunities

Industrial Internet of Things Industrial training UF: IIOT BT: Training Industrial IoT RT: Industrial engineering BT: Internet of Things Multiskilling RT: Machine-to-machine On the job training communications Vocational training Robotics and automation Industrial waste Industrial IoT BT: Waste materials USE: Industrial Internet of Things RT: Effluents Industrial pollution Industrial plants Slurries UF: Plants (industrial) Waste heat BT: Production facilities Wastewater This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 244 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Ash Inspection Slag Machinery Manufacturing Industries Packaging BT: Industry applications Paper technology RT: Business Production Industrial plants Safety NT: Agriculture Security Architecture Wine industry Beverage industry Chemical industry Inertial confinement Coal industry BT: Plasma confinement Communication industry Computer industry Inertial navigation Construction BT: Navigation Construction industry Defense industry Inertial sensors Electrical engineering BT: Sensors industry Entertainment industry Infant Financial industry USE: Pediatrics Gas industry Information industry Infants Manufacturing industries USE: Pediatrics Metals industry Mining industry Infectious diseases Natural gas industry UF: Communicable disease Petroleum industry Transmissible disease Power industry BT: Diseases Steel industry Sugar industry Inference algorithms Textile technology BT: Algorithms Tourism industry Toy industry Inference mechanisms Transportation industry UF: Model-based reasoning Wood industry BT: Knowledge engineering RT: Cognitive science Industry applications Fuzzy cognitive maps NT: Accident prevention Gaussian processes Chemical technology Learning systems Cryogenics NT: Belief propagation Electrochemical devices Fuzzy reasoning Electrochemical processes Electromechanical systems Infinite horizon Electrostatic devices BT: Optimal control Electrostatic precipitators RT: Markov processes Electrostatic processes Optimization methods Engines Environmental Infinite impulse response filters management USE: IIR filters Food technology High-temperature Inflammability techniques USE: Flammability Industrial engineering Industries Influenza This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 245 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Diseases Information processing Viruses (medical) RT: Common Information Model RT: Epidemics (computing) Pandemics Common Information Model (electricity) Informatics Computer ports BT: Information processing Information management Information systems Information sharing NT: Bioinformatics Tactile Internet Cognitive informatics Energy informatics Information extraction Neuroinformatics USE: Information retrieval

Information age Information filtering UF: AOI BT: Filtering Age of information Information retrieval Digital age NT: Information filters New media age Recommender systems BT: Information technology Information filters Information analysis UF: Web filters BT: Professional BT: Information filtering communication RT: Information retrieval RT: Big Data applications NT: Whitelists Sentiment analysis NT: Decision analysis Information geometry Indexing BT: Geometry RT: Probability Information and communication technology UF: ICT Information industry BT: Communications BT: Industries technology Information technology Information inequality RT: Energy informatics USE: Cramer-Rao bounds NT: Ambient assisted living Information integrity Information architecture BT: Professional BT: Information systems communication RT: Database systems NT: Enterprise architecture Information management management BT: Information systems Management Information centric networking RT: Big Data USE: Information-centric Data aggregation networking Information exchange Information services Information centric networks Knowledge management USE: Information-centric NT: Common Information Model networking (computing) Common Information Model Information entropy (electricity) BT: Information theory Competitive intelligence Digital preservation Information exchange Document handling BT: Data processing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 246 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Enterprise architecture Content-based retrieval management Dimensionality reduction Information security Hypertext systems Information sharing Information filtering Knowledge transfer Information rates Music information retrieval Information processing Online services BT: Information systems Search engines RT: Big Data Search methods Business data processing Social networking (online) Data collection Tagging Granular computing Taxonomy Information sharing Terminology Software as a service Video sharing Spectral efficiency Vocabulary WS-BPEL Web sites NT: Digital agriculture Electronic healthcare Information science Informatics BT: Professional Information exchange communication Sonification NT: Quantum information science Information rates UF: Throughput Information security (communication systems) BT: Information management BT: Information retrieval Security RT: Data protection Information representation Differential privacy BT: Information technology Internet security RT: Visual analytics NT: Cyber espionage NT: Digital representation Data breach Intrusion detection Information resources Phishing BT: Professional Privacy breach communication SQL injection RT: Information retrieval Social engineering Information systems (security) Trust management Information retrieval UF: Information extraction Information services BT: Professional BT: Professional communication communication RT: Abstracts RT: Abstracts Big Data IEEE Xplore Document handling Information management Indexes Journalism Information filters NT: Ask IEEE Information resources Dictionaries Knowledge discovery Document delivery Persistent identifiers Encyclopedias Portals Libraries Ranking (statistics) Teletext Symbols Videotex Triples (Data structure) Wikipedia NT: Blogs This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 247 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Information sharing Semantic technology BT: Information management Service computing RT: Collaboration Telematics Information exchange Universal Serial Bus Information processing NT: Data dissemination Information theory UF: Coding theory Information systems Informationtheoretic BT: Professional RT: Bandwidth communication Code refractoring RT: Big Data applications Communication systems CD-ROMs Cybernetics Computers and information Cyclic redundancy check processing Econophysics Database machines Modulation coding Extranets Quantum communication File systems Statistics Indexes Teleportation Information resources Viterbi algorithm Information technology NT: Audio coding Management information Biological information base theory Multimedia computing Channel coding Office automation Codes Strategic planning Communication channels Technology acceptance Decoding model Encoding NT: Data systems Error compensation Database systems Genetic communication Distributed information Hamming distance systems Hamming weight Identity management Information entropy systems Mutual information Informatics Network coding Information architecture Rate distortion theory Information management Rate-distortion Information processing Source coding Management information Speech coding systems Technology acceptance Medical information model systems Information-centric networking Information technology UF: Content-centric networking BT: Professional Information centric communication networking RT: Automation Information centric Biometrics (access control) networks Computer applications Information-centric Information systems networks NT: Bring your own device BT: Network architecture Information age RT: Telecommunication Information and computing communication technology Information representation Information-centric networks Printing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 248 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Information-centric Inhibitors networking BT: Chemical products Production materials Informationtheoretic RT: Retardants USE: Information theory NT: Corrosion inhibitors

Infrared communication Inhomogeneous media USE: Optical fiber communication USE: Nonhomogeneous media

Infrared detectors Injected beams BT: Radiation detectors USE: Particle beam injection RT: Bolometers Infrared surveillance Injection lasers Motion detection USE: Semiconductor lasers Photodetectors Superconducting Injection locked oscillators photodetectors USE: Injection-locked oscillators

Infrared heating Injection locking BT: Heating systems USE: Injection-locked oscillators NT: Greenhouse effect Injection molding Infrared image sensors UF: Injection moulding BT: Image sensors Power injection molding Power injection moulding Infrared imaging BT: Production BT: Imaging RT: Compression molding RT: Biomedical optical imaging Embossing Infrared surveillance Optical imaging Injection moulding Remote sensing USE: Injection molding NT: Night vision Injection-locked oscillators Infrared lasers UF: Injection locked oscillators USE: Lasers Injection locking BT: Oscillators Infrared propagation USE: Optical propagation Injuries UF: Injury Infrared sensors BT: Medical conditions BT: Sensors RT: Fall detection NT: Brain injuries Infrared spectra Pain UF: IR Spectra Wounds BT: Spectral analysis RT: Spectroscopy Injury USE: Injuries Infrared surveillance BT: Surveillance Ink RT: Infrared detectors BT: Production materials Infrared imaging RT: Paints Printing InGaAs NT: Ink jet printing USE: Indium gallium arsenide Ink jet printing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 249 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Ink-jet printers Ink-jet printing InP Inkjet printing USE: Indium phosphide BT: Ink Printing Input devices RT: Three-dimensional printing BT: Computer interfaces Hardware Ink-jet printers USE: Ink jet printing Input variables UF: Variable selection Ink-jet printing BT: Modeling USE: Ink jet printing Input-output programs Inkjet printing UF: I/O programs USE: Ink jet printing BT: Operating systems RT: Program processors Innovation NT: Device drivers USE: Technological innovation Insect control Innovation management USE: Pest control BT: Engineering management Research and development Insects management BT: Animals RT: Entrepreneurship RT: Entomology Technology management NT: Creativity Insertion loss BT: Propagation Inorganic chemicals RT: Attenuation BT: Chemistry Inspection Inorganic compounds BT: Industry applications BT: Compounds RT: Coordinate measuring RT: Metals machines Organic inorganic hybrid Maintenance engineering materials Testing NT: Automatic optical inspection Inorganic LEDs USE: Inorganic light emitting Instagram diodes USE: Multimedia Web sites

Inorganic light emitting diodes Instant messaging UF: Inorganic LEDs UF: IM BT: Light emitting diodes BT: Electronic messaging Internet Inorganic materials BT: Materials Instanton vacuum RT: Soft electronics USE: Elementary particle vacuum

Inorganic organic hybrid materials Instruction repertory USE: Organic inorganic hybrid USE: Instruction sets materials Instruction sets Inorganic-organic hybrid materials UF: Instruction repertory USE: Organic inorganic hybrid BT: Program processors materials NT: Out of order This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 250 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Prefetching Insulation testing Reduced instruction set Oils computing Polymer foams Power transformer Instructional aids insulation USE: Educational technology Spark gaps NT: Cable insulation Instrument transformers Ceramics BT: Transformers Gas insulation RT: Protective relaying Insulators NT: Voltage transformers Isolation technology Oil insulation Instrumentation and measurement Plastic insulation NT: Computerized instrumentation Insulation life Electric variables BT: Insulation testing High energy physics RT: Aging instrumentation computing Insulation Instruments Life estimation Measurement Partial discharge Monitoring measurement Pulse oximetry Trees - insulation Testing Insulation testing Instrumentation buses BT: Insulator testing USE: Field buses RT: Fault location Impulse testing Instruments Insulation BT: Instrumentation and Partial discharge measurement measurement RT: Design tools Pulsed electroacoustic Measurement methods NT: Compass NT: Insulation life Medical instruments Meters Insulator testing Microscopy BT: Testing Network analyzers RT: Insulators Oscilloscopes Surface discharges Pressure gauges NT: Insulation testing Probes Telescopes Insulators Theodolites UF: Bushings Tuners BT: Insulation RT: Breakdown voltage Insulated gate bipolar transistors Ceramic products BT: Bipolar transistors Impact ionization Insulator testing Insulation Polymer foams BT: Dielectrics and electrical Temperature distribution insulation NT: Metal-insulator structures RT: Dielectric breakdown Plastic insulators Dielectric losses Rubber Dielectric materials Topological insulators Glass Trees - insulation Insulation life This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 251 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Insulin BT: Drugs Integrated circuit measurements BT: Circuit testing Insulin pumps RT: Electric variables BT: Pumps measurement RT: Biomedical equipment Diabetes Integrated circuit metallisation USE: Integrated circuit Insurance metallization BT: Financial management Integrated circuit metallization Intake systems UF: Integrated circuit BT: Machine components metallisation BT: Metallization Integer linear programming BT: Programming Integrated circuit modeling NT: Constraint theory UF: Integrated circuit modelling Mixed integer linear BT: Integrated circuits programming Modeling NT: Cutoff frequency Integer programming BT: Linear programming Integrated circuit modelling USE: Integrated circuit modeling Integral equations UF: Antiderivatives Integrated circuit noise BT: Calculus BT: Integrated circuits RT: Boundary-element methods RT: Semiconductor device Deconvolution noise Integrodifferential equations Threshold voltage Inverse problems NT: Optical noise Method of moments Numerical analysis Integrated circuit packaging NT: Probability density function UF: IC packaging BT: Components, packaging, Integrated circuit design and manufacturing technology USE: Integrated circuit synthesis RT: Chip scale packaging Encapsulation Integrated circuit interconnections Integrated circuits BT: Integrated circuits Plastic packaging Semiconductor device Integrated circuit layout packaging BT: Integrated circuit synthesis NT: Multichip modules RT: Layout Plastic integrated circuit Physical design packaging Printed circuits Integrated circuit reliability Integrated circuit manufacture BT: Reliability BT: Components, packaging, RT: Integrated circuit testing and manufacturing technology Thermal stability RT: Gettering Integrated circuits Integrated circuit synthesis Microassembly UF: Integrated circuit design Micromachining BT: Circuit synthesis Silicon compiler Integrated circuits NT: Surface-mount technology NT: Integrated circuit layout This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 252 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Large scale integration Integrated circuit technology MESFET integrated circuits BT: Circuits and systems Microprocessors RT: High-speed integrated Microwave integrated circuits circuits NT: Beyond CMOS Millimeter wave integrated CMOS technology circuits Moore's Law Monolithic integrated circuits Integrated circuit testing Photonic integrated circuits BT: Testing Power integrated circuits RT: Integrated circuit reliability Radiofrequency integrated NT: Integrated circuit yield circuits Logic testing Submillimeter wave integrated circuits Integrated circuit yield Superconducting integrated BT: Integrated circuit testing circuits Thick film circuits Integrated circuits Thin film circuits UF: IC Three-dimensional ICs integrated circuits Microchips Through-silicon vias BT: Circuits UHF integrated circuits RT: Active inductors Ultra large scale integration Integrated circuit Very high speed integrated manufacture circuits Integrated circuit packaging Very large scale integration Integrated optoelectronics Wafer scale integration Memory modules Microelectronics Integrated circuits industry Neural network hardware USE: Electronics industry Planarization SPICE Integrated control Semiconductor devices USE: Centralized control Silicon-on-insulator Integrated design VHDL BT: Design methodology NT: Analog integrated circuits Systems engineering and Analog-digital integrated theory circuits Application specific Integrated manufacturing systems integrated circuits BT: Industrial electronics CMOS integrated circuits Manufacturing systems Coprocessors RT: CADCAM Current-mode circuits Computer aided Digital integrated circuits manufacturing FET integrated circuits System integration Field programmable gate arrays Integrated memory circuits Hybrid integrated circuits BT: Digital integrated circuits Integrated circuit Semiconductor memory interconnections RT: Solid state drives Integrated circuit modeling Integrated circuit noise Integrated optics Integrated circuit synthesis BT: Optics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 253 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Arrayed waveguide gratings Intelligent agents Distributed Bragg reflectors BT: Software agents Electrooptic modulators Integrated optoelectronics Intelligent control Microoptics BT: Cybernetics Optical films RT: Context awareness Optical waveguides H infinity control Synapses Mechatronics Thermooptical devices NT: Feedforward systems Neurocontrollers Integrated optoelectronics BT: Optoelectronic devices Intelligent databases RT: Heterojunction bipolar USE: Deductive databases transistors Integrated circuits Intelligent manufacturing systems Integrated optics BT: Manufacturing systems Liquid crystal on silicon Production systems Microoptics RT: Smart manufacturing Microwave photonics Smart pixels Intelligent networks BT: Telecommunication Integrated services digital networks network topology USE: ISDN RT: Software defined networking Integrated services networks USE: Intserv networks Intelligent robots BT: Intelligent systems Integrodifferential equations Robots BT: Equations RT: Autonomous robots RT: Differential equations Robot vision systems Integral equations Intelligent sensors Integumentary system UF: Smart sensors BT: Anatomy BT: Sensors NT: Hair RT: Electronic noses Nails Mechatronics Skin Intelligent structures Intellectual capital UF: Smart structures USE: Knowledge management BT: Buildings RT: Intelligent systems Intellectual property Structural engineering UF: IP rights NT: Smart cities IPR BT: Copyright protection Intelligent systems RT: Cyberethics BT: Artificial intelligence Notice of Violation RT: Ambient intelligence Patents Automata Software protection Collaborative intelligence NT: Digital rights management Context awareness Expert systems Intelligent actuators Hybrid intelligent systems UF: Smart actuators Intelligent structures BT: Actuators Knowledge based systems

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Massive machine type USE: Calibration communications Mobile agents Intercell interference Software agents UF: ICIC NT: Autonomous systems Inter-cell interference Collective intelligence Inter-cell interference Intelligent robots coordination BT: Network resource Intelligent transportation systems management RT: Smart transportation Radiofrequency NT: Automated highways interference Autonomous automobiles RT: Cellular radio Geographic information Fading channels systems Location awareness Intelligent vehicles Radio communication Navigation Transportation Interchannel interference UF: Adjacent channel Intelligent vehicles interference BT: Intelligent transportation Co-channel interference systems Cochannel interference Vehicles Intersystem interference RT: Advanced driver assistance BT: Interference systems RT: Crosstalk Connected vehicles Dedicated short range Interconnected systems communication UF: Composite systems IEEE 802.11p Standard BT: System analysis and design Smart transportation RT: Control systems Vehicle routing NT: Botnet Vehicular automation Wireless Access in Interconnection networks Vehicular Environments USE: Multiprocessor NT: Autonomous vehicles interconnection Unmanned vehicles Vehicle-to-everything Interest point detection BT: Computer vision Intensity modulation BT: Optical modulation Interest rates RT: Amplitude modulation USE: Economic indicators Electrooptic modulators Interface management Inter-cell interference BT: Management USE: Intercell interference Systems engineering and theory Inter-cell interference coordination RT: Computer interfaces USE: Intercell interference Network interfaces

Interactive systems Interface phenomena BT: Man-machine systems BT: Computer interfaces RT: Affordances RT: Adsorption Authentication NT: Network interfaces NT: External stimuli Interface states Intercalibration BT: Computer interfaces This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 255 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

MOSFET Interferometric lithography RT: Silicon-on-insulator BT: Lithography

Interference Interferometry UF: Interference (signal) BT: Measurement BT: Electromagnetic RT: Micrometers compatibility and interference Talbot effect RT: Coherence NT: Fabry-Perot Distortion Interferometers Diversity schemes Optical interferometry Noise Phase shifting NT: Clutter interferometry Crosstalk Radar interferometry Diffraction Radio interferometry Echo interference Sagnac interferometers Electromagnetic interference Interleaved codes Electromagnetic radiative UF: Bit interleaved coded interference Bit-interleaved coded Electrostatic interference BT: Modulation coding Interchannel interference Interference cancellation Intermetallic Interference channels BT: Alloying Interference constraints Interference elimination Intermodulation distortion Interference suppression BT: Nonlinear distortion Intersymbol interference Rain fading Internal combustion engines TV interference UF: HCCI engines Terrain factors BT: Engines RT: Automotive components Interference (signal) Exhaust gases USE: Interference Hybrid electric vehicles NT: Diesel engines Interference cancellation Ignition BT: Interference Internal stresses Interference channels BT: Stress BT: Interference RT: Surface stress

Interference constraints International Atomic Time BT: Interference UF: TAI BT: Standards categories Interference elimination RT: Atomic clocks BT: Interference International collaboration Interference suppression UF: Joint ventures BT: Interference BT: Management RT: Environmental factors Interferometers Environmental UF: Etalons management BT: Interferometry Globalization NT: Mach-Zehnder International relations interferometers International trade Research and development This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 256 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Social factors IPTV Standards Internetworking Trade agreements Intserv networks Multicast protocols International electrotechnical commission Multiprotocol label USE: IEC switching Next generation networking International organization for standardization Online services USE: ISO Open data Point-to-multipoint International relations communications BT: Social implications of Routing protocols technology Service level agreements RT: Globalization Smart TV International collaboration Social networking (online) Social factors Streaming media TCPIP International Space Station Video sharing BT: Space stations Virtual enterprises Virtual private networks International standards organization Web sites USE: ISO Wikipedia World Wide Web International System of Units NT: Bot (Internet) BT: Measurement units Botnet Cloud computing International Telecommunications Union Crowdsourcing USE: ITU Instant messaging Internet of Things International trade Internet security UF: Trade (international) Internet telephony BT: Economics Internet topology RT: Business Linked data Developing countries Middleboxes Exchange rates Semantic Web Globalization Social computing International collaboration Web 2.0 Macroeconomics Web services Trade agreements Internet banking Internet USE: Online banking UF: Google BT: Communication systems Internet neutrality Computer networks USE: Network neutrality Digital systems Distributed computing Internet of Everything RT: ARPANET USE: Internet of Things Blogs Cyberspace Internet of Things Diffserv networks UF: IOT Electronic commerce Internet of Everything Electronic learning BT: Internet Extranets RT: Ambient intelligence IEEE 802.16 Standard Bar codes IP networks Cloud computing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 257 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Cyber-physical systems NT: Interoperability Digital transformation LAN interconnection Digital twin Machine-to-machine Interoperability communications UF: Service composability Middleware BT: Internetworking Object detection RT: Collaboration Protocols Common Information Model Radiofrequency (electricity) identification Open systems Tagging Virtual environments Interplanetary exploration Watermarking BT: Space exploration Wireless sensor networks RT: Space missions NT: Industrial Internet of Things Tactile Internet Interpolating USE: Interpolation Internet Protocol networks USE: IP networks Interpolation UF: Interpolating Internet protocol television BT: Approximation methods USE: IPTV RT: Curve fitting Digital-analog conversion Internet security Radial basis function BT: Computer security networks Internet Statistics RT: Information security Surface fitting

Internet services Interpreters (program) USE: Web and internet services USE: Program processors

Internet telephony Interrupters UF: IP telephony UF: Interruption VOIP BT: Switchgear Voice over IP RT: Circuit breakers Voice over Internet protocol Fuses Voice-over-Internet protocol WhatsApp Interruption BT: Internet USE: Interrupters RT: Call admission control Point-to-multipoint Interstellar chemistry communications BT: Chemistry RT: Extraterrestrial Internet topology measurements BT: Internet Intersymbol interference Internetworking BT: Interference BT: Telecommunication RT: AWGN channels computing Equalizers RT: Computer networks Gaussian channels Internet Local area networks Intersystem interference Metropolitan area networks USE: Interchannel interference Open systems Wide area networks Interviews This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 258 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: IEEE indexing USE: Inverse problems

Intestines Inverse methods BT: Digestive system USE: Inverse problems

Intracranial pressure sensors Inverse modeling BT: Biomedical equipment USE: Inverse problems Sensors RT: Brain Inverse problem Neural engineering USE: Inverse problems

Intracranial system Inverse problems BT: Cranial pressure UF: Inverse method Inverse methods Intrusion detection Inverse modeling BT: Information security Inverse problem RT: Network function Inverse scattering virtualization BT: Modeling NT: Network intrusion detection RT: Functional analysis Image reconstruction Intserv networks Integral equations UF: Integrated services Numerical analysis networks Signal reconstruction BT: Computer networks NT: Deconvolution RT: Internet Multimedia communication Inverse scattering USE: Inverse problems Intubation UF: Tracheal intubation Inverse synthetic aperture radar BT: Medical treatment BT: Synthetic aperture radar RT: Respiratory system Ventilators Inverse transforms USE: Laplace equations Invasive software USE: Privacy-invasive software Inverted classroom USE: Education AND Invention Online services USE: Technological innovation Inverters Inventory control BT: Power electronics BT: Operations research RT: Maximum power point RT: Control systems trackers Production control Zero current switching Production management Zero voltage switching NT: Multilevel inverters Inventory management Pulse inverters BT: Production management Resonant inverters RT: Bar codes Voltage source inverters Production engineering NT: Bills of materials Investment BT: Financial management Inverse distortion RT: Developing countries USE: Predistortion Iodine Inverse method BT: Chemical elements This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 259 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Iodine compounds USE: Particle beam optics

Iodine compounds Ion radiation effects BT: Iodine BT: Radiation effects RT: Ionizing radiation Ion accelerators Proton radiation effects BT: Particle accelerators RT: Ion beam effects Ion sources Ion beams BT: Ions Ion sources Nuclear physics Ions RT: Ion accelerators Proton accelerators Ion beams Ion emission Ion beam applications Plasma sources BT: Nuclear and plasma sciences Ionisation RT: Ion beams USE: Ionization NT: Ion implantation Ionisation chambers Ion beam effects USE: Ionization chambers BT: Ion beams RT: Aerospace safety Ionising radiation Ion accelerators USE: Ionizing radiation Ion emission Ionization Ion beams UF: Ionisation BT: Particle beams Photoionisation RT: Electrodynamics Photoionization Ion accelerators BT: Ions Ion beam applications RT: Discharges (electric) Ion emission Plasmas Ion sources Space radiation Ions NT: Impact ionization NT: Ion beam effects Ionization chambers Ionizing radiation Ion emission Single event transients UF: Field ion emission Single event upsets Secondary ion emission BT: Nuclear imaging Ionization chambers RT: Ion beam effects UF: Ionisation chambers Ion beams BT: Ionization Ion sources RT: Ionizing radiation Ions Smoke detectors Thermionic emission Ionizing radiation Ion implantation UF: Ionising radiation BT: Ion beam applications BT: Ionization Materials preparation RT: Ion radiation effects RT: Plasma sources Ionization chambers Semiconductor device Radiation hardening manufacture (electronics) NT: Plasma immersion ion Silicon radiation detectors implantation Ionizing radiation sensors Ion optics BT: Sensors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 260 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Position sensitive particle USE: IP networks detectors Radiation detectors iPOD X-ray detectors USE: Portable media players

Ionomeric polymer-metal composite actuators IPR USE: Actuators USE: Intellectual property

Ionosphere IPTV BT: Terrestrial atmosphere UF: Internet protocol television RT: Meteorology BT: Digital TV Plasmas RT: Broadband communication Computer networks Ions IP networks BT: Elementary particles Internet RT: Alpha particles Local area networks Elementary particle Protocols exchange interactions Streaming media Ion accelerators Ion beams IR Spectra Ion emission USE: Infrared spectra Protons Storage rings IRE Standards NT: Ion sources BT: IEEE Standards Ionization Iridium IOT BT: Chemical elements USE: Internet of Things Iris IP BT: Eyes USE: IP networks RT: Ophthalmology

IP networks Iris recognition UF: IP BT: Biometrics (access control) IP-networks Internet Protocol networks Irises BT: Communication systems USE: Waveguide discontinuities Computer networks Telecommunications Iron RT: IPTV UF: Fe Internet BT: Metals Machine-to-machine NT: Cast iron communications Iron alloys Next generation networking Quality of service Iron alloys Transport protocols BT: Iron NT: TCPIP RT: Alloying Metallurgy IP rights NT: Austenite USE: Intellectual property Irradiation IP telephony USE: Radiation effects USE: Internet telephony Irrigation IP-networks BT: Agriculture This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 261 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Agricultural products Communication standards Crops ISO Hydraulic systems Quality management Water pumps Software standards Standardization Irtran 5 X3D USE: Magnesium oxide NT: MPEG standards

Ischemic pain Isobaric BT: Pain BT: Thermodynamics

ISDN Isolation technology UF: Integrated services digital BT: Insulation networks RT: Vibration control BT: Communication systems Digital communication Isolators Digital systems BT: Circuits RT: Asynchronous transfer mode Isosurfaces Data communication BT: Data visualization Frame relay RT: Biomedical imaging Image communication Computational fluid Multimedia communication dynamics NT: B-ISDN Isothermal processes Ishikawa diagrams BT: Thermodynamics USE: Cause effect analysis Isotopes Islanding BT: Chemical elements BT: Power supplies Nuclear physics RT: Electrical safety RT: Radioactive materials Generators Itemsets ISO BT: Data analysis UF: International organization Transaction databases for standardization International standards Iterative algorithms organization BT: Iterative methods BT: Standards organizations NT: Iterative closest point RT: Communication standards algorithm Guidelines Sum product algorithm ISO Standards Measurement standards Iterative closest point algorithm Software standards UF: ICP Standardization BT: Iterative algorithms Standards NT: Moving Pictures Experts Iterative decoding Group BT: Parity check codes

ISO 9000 Iterative learning control USE: Quality management BT: Control theory Iterative methods ISO Standards RT: Adaptive control BT: Standards publications Learning systems RT: ANSI Standards Tracking This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 262 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Junction FETs Iterative methods BT: Field effect transistors BT: Mathematics RT: JFET integrated circuits Numerical analysis RT: Belief propagation Jigs NT: Expectation-maximization USE: Fixtures algorithms Iterative algorithms Jitter Iterative learning control BT: Distortion RT: Circuit stability ITU NT: Timing jitter UF: International Telecommunications Union Job design BT: Standards organizations BT: Ergonomics

ITU Standards Job production systems BT: Standards publications UF: Bespoke production RT: UHDTV BT: Manufacturing systems

Jacks Job rotation USE: Lifting equipment USE: Multiskilling

Jacobian matrices Job shop scheduling UF: Jacobian matrix BT: Scheduling BT: Matrices RT: Genetic algorithms

Jacobian matrix Job specification USE: Jacobian matrices BT: Human resource management Jamming RT: Multiskilling BT: Electronic warfare Recruitment RT: Electronic countermeasures Radar clutter Jobs listings Radar countermeasures BT: Career development Radio communication RT: Employment countermeasures Johnson Nyquist noise Java USE: Thermal noise BT: High level languages Joining materials Jet engines BT: Production materials BT: Engines RT: Joining processes RT: Aircraft propulsion Soldering equipment Exhaust gases NT: Filler metals Fans Sealing materials

JFET circuits Joining processes BT: FET circuits UF: Connecting NT: JFET integrated circuits Coupling (process) Fastening JFET integrated circuits Linking BT: JFET circuits BT: Manufacturing systems RT: JFETs Materials processing RT: Couplings JFETs Fasteners This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 263 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Joining materials Plasma welding Junction FETs Soldering equipment USE: JFETs NT: Bonding processes Crimping Junction lasers Soldering USE: Semiconductor lasers Splicing Welding Junctionless nanowire transistors BT: MOSFET Joint ventures Nanoelectronics USE: International collaboration RT: Nanowires Silicon-on-insulator Joints BT: Skeleton Junctions BT: Semiconductor devices Josephson devices NT: Heterojunctions USE: Superconducting devices Hybrid junctions P-n junctions Josephson effect Waveguide junctions BT: Tunneling RT: Josephson junctions Junk e-mail USE: Unsolicited e-mail Josephson junctions UF: Josephson logic Junk email Superconducting junction USE: Unsolicited e-mail devices BT: Superconducting devices Jupiter RT: Josephson effect BT: Planets

Josephson logic k neighbor methods USE: Josephson junctions USE: Nearest neighbor methods

Journalism k neighbour methods BT: Publishing USE: Nearest neighbor methods Social sciences RT: Broadcasting K-band Electronic publishing BT: Microwave bands Information services Multimedia communication K-NN methods Radio broadcasting USE: Nearest neighbor methods Social networking (online) Kaizen JPEG USE: Continuous improvement USE: Transform coding Kalman filtering JPEG2000 USE: Kalman filters USE: Transform coding Kalman filters Judd-Ofelt theory UF: Kalman filtering BT: Spectral analysis BT: Filters RT: Fluorescence RT: Estimation Photoluminescence Nonlinear dynamical systems Junction detectors Prediction methods USE: Semiconductor counters Sensor fusion This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 264 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Nephrolithiasis Kaons Renal calculi USE: Mesons Urinary calculesis BT: Kidney Karhunen-Loeve transforms Medical conditions BT: Transforms RT: Lithotripsy

KBO Kilns USE: Kuiper belt BT: Furnaces RT: Calcination Kelvin Curing BT: Temperature measurement Firing Heat treatment Kernel BT: Mathematics Kindle Operating systems USE: Consumer electronics AND NT: Null space Electronic publishing System kernels Kinematic analysis Kerr effect USE: Kinematics BT: Electrooptic effects RT: Magnetooptic effects Kinematic faults USE: Kinematics Key performance indicator UF: KPI Kinematic model BT: Measurement USE: Kinematics Performance evaluation Kinematic noise Keyboards USE: Kinematics BT: Computer peripherals RT: Ergonomics Kinematics UF: Kinematic analysis Keystroke dynamics Kinematic faults BT: Biometrics (access control) Kinematic model Kinematic noise Keyways BT: Mechanical factors BT: Plugs NT: Motor coordination

Keyword search Kinetic energy UF: Keyword searches BT: Kinetic theory Keyword searching RT: Mechanical energy BT: Search methods Potential energy RT: Indexing Thermal energy

Keyword searches Kinetic molecular theory USE: Keyword search USE: Kinetic theory

Keyword searching Kinetic theory USE: Keyword search UF: Collision theory Kinetic molecular theory Kidney Kinetic-molecular theory BT: Urogenital system Kinetics NT: Kidney stones BT: Motion control Physics Kidney stones NT: Kinetic energy This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 265 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Kinetic-molecular theory Knowledge based systems USE: Kinetic theory UF: Knowledge systems Knowledge-based systems Kinetics Rule based systems USE: Kinetic theory BT: Artificial intelligence RT: Decision support systems Kirchhoff approximation Deductive databases USE: Kirchhoff's Law Intelligent systems Knowledge acquisition Kirchhoff current law Knowledge representation USE: Kirchhoff's Law Linked data Software agents Kirchhoff scattering NT: Expert systems USE: Kirchhoff's Law Mobile agents

Kirchhoff's Law Knowledge discovery UF: Kirchhoff approximation BT: Knowledge engineering Kirchhoff current law RT: Data mining Kirchhoff scattering Data science BT: Spectroscopy Information retrieval Knowledge management Kirk effect USE: Kirk field collapse effect Knowledge engineering BT: Artificial intelligence Kirk field collapse effect RT: Knowledge management UF: Kirk effect NT: Inference mechanisms BT: Bipolar transistors Knowledge acquisition Knowledge discovery Klystrons Knowledge representation UF: Gyroklystrons BT: Electron tubes Knowledge management RT: Amplifiers UF: Intellectual capital Cavity resonators BT: Computer applications Colliding beam accelerators Management Oscillators RT: Competitive intelligence Relativistic effects Information management Knowledge discovery Knee Knowledge engineering BT: Extremities Management information systems Knee joint replacements Semantic Web USE: Prosthetics NT: Knowledge transfer

Knitted fabric composites Knowledge representation USE: Fabrics BT: Knowledge engineering RT: Expert systems Knowledge acquisition Formal concept analysis BT: Knowledge engineering Knowledge based systems RT: Context awareness Linked data Econophysics OWL Expert systems NT: Description logic Knowledge based systems Fuzzy cognitive maps Self-organizing feature Ontologies maps Thesauri This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 266 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Knowledge systems Labor productivity USE: Knowledge based systems USE: Productivity

Knowledge transfer Labor resources BT: Information management UF: Labor supply Knowledge management Labour resources Labour supply Knowledge-based systems Manpower planning USE: Knowledge based systems BT: Human resource management Kohonen maps Personnel USE: Self-organizing feature RT: Equal opportunities maps Recruitment

KPI Labor supply USE: Key performance indicator USE: Labor resources

Krypton Laboratories BT: Chemical elements BT: Test facilities RT: Engineering education Kuiper belt Research and development UF: KBO Student experiments Kuiper belt objects NT: Remote laboratories Kuiper belts BT: Solar system Labour productivity USE: Productivity Kuiper belt objects USE: Kuiper belt Labour resources USE: Labor resources Kuiper belts USE: Kuiper belt Labour supply USE: Labor resources L-band BT: Microwave bands Lacquers BT: Chemical products Lab-on-a-chip Coatings UF: Lab-on-chip Materials BT: System-on-chip RT: Paints

Lab-on-chip Lagrange duality USE: Lab-on-a-chip USE: Lagrangian functions

Label swapping Lagrange functions USE: Multiprotocol label USE: Lagrangian functions switching Lagrange relaxation Labeling USE: Lagrangian functions UF: Labelling BT: Packaging Lagrangian functions RT: Applicators UF: Lagrange duality Packaging machines Lagrange functions Lagrange relaxation Labelling BT: Quantum mechanics USE: Labeling This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 267 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Lakes Mobile radio BT: Geoscience BT: Mobile communication RT: Reservoirs Radio communication Rivers RT: 5G mobile communication Sediments Ad hoc networks Water Bluetooth Water pollution Channel estimation Water resources Indoor navigation Water storage Land mobile radio Wetlands equipment Location awareness Laminates Mobile antennas BT: Materials Mobile handsets RT: Lamination Multiuser detection Personal area networks Lamination Radio access networks BT: Materials processing Routing protocols RT: Laminates Software radio NT: Cellular radio Lamps BT: Lighting Land mobile radio cellular systems RT: Light sources USE: Cellular radio Lighting control Ultraviolet sources Land mobile radio equipment NT: Discharge lamps UF: Land-mobile radio Electrodeless lamps equipment Filament lamps BT: Radio communication Fluorescent lamps equipment LED lamps Vehicular and wireless technologies LAN RT: Land mobile radio USE: Local area networks Telephone equipment Transceivers LAN emulation NT: Mobile antennas UF: Local area network emulation Land mobile radio networks BT: Optical fiber networks BT: Cellular technology

LAN interconnection Land mobile radio service BT: Internetworking USE: Land mobile radio RT: Computer networks Local area networks Land pollution Metropolitan area networks BT: Pollution Wide area networks RT: Industrial pollution Wireless LAN Land use planning Oil pollution Land mine detection Radioactive pollution USE: Landmine detection NT: Soil pollution

Land mines Land surface USE: Landmine detection BT: Geoscience RT: Land surface temperature Land mobile radio UF: Land mobile radio service Land surface temperature Land-mobile radio UF: Ground temperature This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 268 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Land temperature Landline telephone BT: Geoscience and remote USE: Landline sensing RT: Global warming Landmine detection Land surface UF: Land mine detection Ocean temperature Land mines Remote sensing Landmines BT: Buried object detection Land temperature RT: Military equipment USE: Land surface temperature Radar imaging Remote sensing Land transportation UF: Ground transportation Landmines Planetary landers USE: Landmine detection BT: Transportation RT: Global Positioning System Landslides Land vehicles BT: Geology NT: Rail transportation RT: Hazards Road transportation Lane departure warning systems Land use planning BT: Road safety BT: Environmental Vehicle safety management RT: Collision avoidance RT: Floods Lane detection Land pollution NT: Lane keeping assist Reservoirs systems Water storage Lane detection Land vehicles BT: Vehicle safety UF: Flexible fuel vehicles RT: Collision avoidance Ground vehicles Lane departure warning BT: Vehicles systems RT: Land transportation Road safety Rail transportation NT: Bicycles Lane keeping assist systems Electric vehicles UF: Lane keeping assistance Road vehicles Lane-keeping assistance BT: Lane departure warning Land-mobile radio systems USE: Land mobile radio Lane keeping assistance Land-mobile radio cellular systems USE: Lane keeping assist USE: Cellular radio systems

Land-mobile radio equipment Lane-keeping assistance USE: Land mobile radio USE: Lane keeping assist equipment systems

Landline Lanthanum UF: Home phone BT: Metals Landline telephone NT: Lanthanum compounds Main line POTS Lanthanum compounds BT: Telephone equipment BT: Lanthanum

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Laparoscopes Fuzzy systems BT: Surgical instruments RT: Minimally invasive surgery Large-screen displays USE: Large screen displays Laparoscopic surgery USE: Minimally invasive surgery Larynx UF: Voice tract Laplace equations BT: Respiratory system UF: Inverse transforms Laplace operator Laser ablation Laplace transform BT: Laser applications Laplacian BT: Mathematics Laser applications BT: Lasers Laplace operator RT: CD recording USE: Laplace equations Endoscopes Gyroscopes Laplace transform Heating systems USE: Laplace equations Holography Measurement by laser Laplacian beam USE: Laplace equations Optical recording Photoacoustic effects Lapping Stereolithography BT: Machining NT: Dark states RT: Surface finishing Distributed feedback devices Laptops Laser ablation USE: Microcomputers AND Laser beam cutting Portable computers Laser beam machining Laser fusion Large Hadron Collider Laser theory UF: LHC Magnetooptic recording BT: Test facilities RT: Particle accelerators Laser beam cutting BT: Laser applications Large scale integration RT: Laser beam machining UF: LSI Large-scale integration Laser beam machining BT: Circuits BT: Laser applications Integrated circuits Machining NT: Ultra large scale integration RT: Laser beam cutting Very large scale integration Wafer scale integration Laser beams UF: Laser guide stars Large screen displays BT: Beams UF: Large-screen displays RT: Bragg gratings BT: TV equipment Electrooptic modulators Laser theory Large-scale integration Lasers USE: Large scale integration Optical beams Optical vortices Large-scale systems Refractive index BT: System analysis and design Supercontinuum generation RT: Complex systems Thermal lensing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 270 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Laser cavity resonators Laser science BT: Cavity resonators USE: Laser theory RT: Optical resonators Surface emitting lasers Laser sintering UF: Selective laser sintering Laser diodes BT: Materials preparation USE: Diode lasers AND RT: Design automation Semiconductor lasers Prototypes Stereolithography Laser excitation UF: Electron beam pumping Laser stability Excitation of lasers BT: Lasers Pumping of lasers RT: Stability analysis BT: Lasers NT: Optical pumping Laser surgery BT: Surgery Laser feedback BT: Laser noise Laser theory UF: Laser physics Laser fusion Laser science BT: Laser applications BT: Laser applications RT: Laser beams Laser guide stars Lasers USE: Laser beams Optical beams Optical design Laser materials processing Optics BT: Materials processing Particle beams Quantum mechanics Laser mode locking BT: Laser modes Laser transitions BT: Lasers Laser modes BT: Lasers Laser tuning NT: Laser mode locking BT: Semiconductor lasers Tuning Laser noise RT: Optical tuning BT: Noise Optical signal processing Laser velocimetry RT: Lasers and electrooptics BT: Measurement by laser NT: Laser feedback beam

Laser physics Lasers USE: Laser theory UF: Infrared lasers BT: Lasers and electrooptics Laser printers RT: Laser beams BT: Printers Laser theory Light sources Laser radar Nanobiophotonics UF: Lidar Optical distortion Optical radar Oscillators BT: Radar Stereolithography RT: Geophysical measurement Stimulated emission techniques Superluminescent diodes Optical scattering Threshold current This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 271 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Ultraviolet sources UF: Legal aspects Waveguide lasers BT: Legal factors NT: Atom lasers NT: Censorship Chemical lasers Commercial law Diode lasers Consumer protection Free electron lasers Contract law Gas lasers Criminal law Laser applications Employment law Laser excitation Forensics Laser modes Law enforcement Laser stability Patent law Laser transitions Trademarks Power lasers Pump lasers Law enforcement Quantum well lasers UF: Police Ring lasers BT: Law Semiconductor lasers RT: Censorship Solid lasers Digital forensics Surface emitting lasers Image forensics X-ray lasers Legal factors Threat assessment Lasers and electrooptics RT: Erbium Layered division multiplexing Laser noise UF: LDM NT: Electro-optical devices Layered-division- Electrooptic effects multiplexing Lasers BT: Multiplexing Optics RT: Frequency division Optoelectronic devices multiplexing Photonics Layered manufacturing Latches BT: Manufacturing systems BT: Bistable circuits RT: Computational geometry Stereolithography Lattice Boltzmann USE: Lattice Boltzmann methods Layered media USE: Nonhomogeneous media Lattice Boltzmann methods UF: Lattice Boltzmann Layered-division-multiplexing BT: Boltzmann distribution USE: Layered division Lattices multiplexing RT: Fluid dynamics Layout Lattices BT: Graphics UF: Optical lattices RT: Art BT: Mathematics Geometry NT: Lattice Boltzmann methods Integrated circuit layout Wiring Launching (electromagnetic) USE: Electromagnetic launching LCD USE: Liquid crystal displays Launching (electrothermal) USE: Electrothermal launching LCDs USE: Liquid crystal displays Law This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 272 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Lcos BT: Sensor systems and USE: Liquid crystal on silicon applications RT: Packaging LDM Testing USE: Layered division Vacuum systems multiplexing Leakage currents LDPA UF: Gate leakage current USE: Log-periodic dipole BT: Current antennas RT: Electron traps Fault currents LDPC NT: Gate leakage USE: Parity check codes Leaky wave antennas Ldpc codes UF: Leaky-wave antennas USE: Parity check codes BT: Antennas

Leaching Leaky-wave antennas BT: Chemical processes USE: Leaky wave antennas

Lead Lean production UF: Pb BT: Manufacturing systems BT: Metals Production systems RT: Graphite RT: Production management Lead compounds NT: Lead isotopes Learning (artificial intelligence) BT: Artificial intelligence Lead acid batteries RT: AI accelerators UF: Lead-acid batteries Fuzzy cognitive maps BT: Batteries Gaussian processes Image annotation Lead compounds Manifold learning BT: Compounds NT: Distance learning RT: Lead Electronic learning Naive Bayes methods Lead isotopes Nearest neighbor methods BT: Lead Learning automata Lead time reduction UF: Learning automaton BT: Production management BT: Learning systems RT: Production planning Project management Learning automaton USE: Learning automata Lead-acid batteries USE: Lead acid batteries Learning management systems BT: Computer aided instruction Leadership Learning systems BT: Human resource RT: Computer applications management Electronic learning RT: Business Management Government Training Organizations Learning mechanisms Leak detection USE: Learning systems

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Learning methods UF: AC llght emitting diode USE: Learning systems lamps AC-LED lamps Learning systems Light emitting diode lamps UF: Learning mechanisms BT: Lamps Learning methods Light emitting diodes Learning-based method RT: Light sources BT: Artificial intelligence RT: Adaptive systems LEDs Context awareness USE: Light emitting diodes Cybernetics Inference mechanisms Left handed materials Iterative learning control USE: Metamaterials Mobile agents Pattern recognition Left-handed materials Software agents USE: Metamaterials White matter NT: Backpropagation Leg Cognitive systems BT: Extremities Hybrid learning Learning automata Legal aspects Learning management USE: Law systems Semisupervised learning Legal factors Supervised learning BT: Engineering management Unsupervised learning RT: Censorship Ethical aspects Learning-based method Governmental factors USE: Learning systems IEEE Corporate activities Law enforcement Least mean squares methods NT: Copyright protection BT: Least squares Law approximations Patents Mean square error methods Product liability Software protection Least squares approximations Trademarks UF: Least-squares approximations Legged locomotion BT: Numerical analysis UF: Biped locomotion RT: Approximation methods Gait assessment Curve fitting Gait control Mean square error methods Gait disorders Optimization Walking Recursive estimation BT: Mobile robots NT: Least mean squares RT: Biological control systems methods Control systems Motion control Least-squares approximations Stairs USE: Least squares approximations Legislation BT: Government LED NT: General Data Protection USE: Light emitting diodes Regulation

LED lamps Length measurement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 274 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Measurement RT: Micrometers Li Size measurement USE: Lithium

Lens li-fi USE: Lenses USE: Light fidelity

Lenses Li-ion batteries UF: Lens USE: Lithium-ion batteries BT: Optical devices RT: Focusing Li-S batteries Optical materials USE: Lithium-sulfur batteries

LEO Libraries USE: Low earth orbit satellites BT: Information services NT: Software libraries Lesions BT: Tumors Licence NT: Tissue damage USE: Licenses

Levee License plate recognition UF: Dike USE: Optical character Levee system recognition software BT: Geoscience Licenses Levee system UF: Licence USE: Levee Licensing BT: Contracts Level control RT: Must-carry UF: Liquid level control BT: Mechanical variables Licensing control USE: Licenses NT: Gyroscopes Licensing (nuclear facilities) Level measurement USE: Nuclear facility regulation UF: Liquid level measurement BT: Geodesy Lidar USE: Laser radar Level set BT: Calculus Life estimation RT: Gradient methods UF: Accelerated testing BT: Estimation Levels, energy RT: Aging USE: Energy states Failure analysis Fatigue Levitation Insulation life BT: Physics NT: Electrostatic levitation Life long learning Magnetic levitation USE: Continuing professional development LF noise USE: Low-frequency noise Life sciences UF: Computational life sciences LHC BT: Science - general USE: Large Hadron Collider RT: Animals This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 275 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Biology Light-emitting diodes Plants (biology) BT: Optoelectronic devices RT: Microcavities Life sciences computing Molecular beam USE: Computational modeling applications P-n junctions Life testing Visible light communication BT: Testing NT: Inorganic light emitting RT: Reliability diodes LED lamps Lifetime estimation Organic light emitting UF: Lifetime measurement diodes Lifetime tests Superluminescent diodes BT: Measurement Light fidelity Lifetime measurement UF: li-fi USE: Lifetime estimation lifi BT: Wireless LAN Lifetime tests RT: High-speed optical USE: Lifetime estimation techniques IEEE 802.15 Standard lifi Optical fiber networks USE: Light fidelity Radio frequency Visible light communication Lifting equipment Wireless communication UF: Hoists Wireless fidelity Jacks BT: Materials handling Light fields equipment BT: Optics RT: Freight handling Materials handling Light interferometry Pulleys USE: Optical interferometry Winches NT: Cranes Light polarisation USE: Optical polarization Ligaments BT: Musculoskeletal system Light polarization USE: Optical polarization Light attenuation USE: Attenuation Light rail systems UF: Light railways Light deflectors Streetcars BT: Optical devices BT: Rail transportation RT: Bragg gratings RT: Public transportation

Light emitters Light railways USE: Light emitting diodes USE: Light rail systems

Light emitting diode lamps Light scattering USE: LED lamps BT: Scattering RT: Optical scattering Light emitting diodes Resonance light scattering UF: LED LEDs Light sources Light emitters BT: Optics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 276 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Arc discharges RT: High intensity discharge Glow discharge devices lamps High intensity discharge Lamps lamps Light sources LED lamps Lighting Lamps Lasers Lightning Lighting BT: Meteorology Lighting control RT: Dielectric breakdown Photometry Electrostatic processes Supercontinuum generation Storms Synchrotron radiation NT: Lightning protection NT: Electroluminescent devices Fast light Lightning protection Luminescent devices BT: Lightning Phosphors Protection Slow light Stray light Lightweight structures Superluminescent diodes BT: Structural shapes Ultraviolet sources RT: Aerospace engineering Aerospace industry Light trapping Aerospace materials UF: Plasmonic solar cells Honeycomb structures BT: Photovoltaic cells Metal foam RT: Reflectivity Sandwich structures Thin wall structures Light-emitting diodes USE: Light emitting diodes Limbic system BT: Brain Lighting UF: Arc lamps Limit cycle Illumination USE: Limit-cycles BT: Optical devices RT: Building services Limit-cycle Buildings USE: Limit-cycles Filament lamps Fluorescent lamps Limit-cycles Gas discharge devices UF: Limit cycle High intensity discharge Limit-cycle lamps BT: Mathematics Light sources Lighting control Limiting Photometry BT: Signal processing Quantum radar RT: Nonlinear distortion Visible light communication Voltage control NT: Daylighting Electrical ballasts Linac Emergency lighting USE: Linear particle accelerator Lamps Solid state lighting LINACS USE: Linear accelerators Lighting control UF: Illumination control Line enhancers BT: Optical control BT: Adaptive systems RT: Digital filters This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 277 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Filtering theory Tracking loops

Line output transformer Linear feedback shift registers USE: Flyback transformers BT: Shift registers

Line-of-sight propagation Linear filtering BT: Electromagnetic radiation USE: Maximum likelihood detection Linear accelerators UF: LINACS Linear frequency modulation BT: Particle accelerators USE: Chirp modulation RT: Collimators Linear integrated circuits Linear algebra USE: Analog integrated circuits UF: Linear systems (algebraic) BT: Algebra Linear matrix inequalities RT: Eigenvalues and BT: Mathematics eigenfunctions RT: Linear systems NT: Linear programming Uncertain systems Matrices Vectors Linear parameter varying systems USE: Linear systems Linear antenna arrays BT: Antenna arrays Linear particle accelerator UF: Linac Linear approximation Particle accelerator BT: Approximation methods BT: High energy physics RT: Nonlinear equations instrumentation computing Nonlinear systems Linear predictive coding Linear circuits BT: Prediction methods BT: Circuits RT: Ohmic contacts Linear programming UF: Linear-programming Linear codes BT: Linear algebra BT: Block codes RT: Algorithms RT: Error correction Microeconomics NT: Polar codes Operations research Optimization methods Linear discriminant analysis NT: Data envelopment analysis UF: Linear discriminant Integer programming classification BT: Statistics Linear regression RT: Machine learning BT: Regression analysis NT: Maximum likelihood linear Linear discriminant classification regression USE: Linear discriminant analysis Linear systems Linear feedback control systems UF: Linear parameter varying BT: Control systems systems Cybernetics BT: Mathematics RT: Linear systems RT: Control systems NT: Frequency locked loops Linear feedback control Phase locked loops systems State feedback Linear matrix inequalities This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 278 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Principal component analysis Linkedin Transfer functions USE: Social networking (online)

Linear systems (algebraic) Linking USE: Linear algebra USE: Joining processes

Linear-programming Linux USE: Linear programming BT: High level languages

Linearisation techniques Lipid bilayers USE: Linearization techniques USE: Lipidomics

Linearity Lipidomics BT: Electromagnetic UF: Lipid bilayers measurements Lipids BT: Molecular biomarkers Linearization techniques RT: Fats UF: Linearisation techniques BT: Mathematics Lipids RT: Control system synthesis USE: Lipidomics Control systems MOSFET circuits Lips Modulation BT: Head Operational amplifiers RT: Stomatognathic system Transmitters Liquefied natural gas Linguistic indexing UF: LNG USE: Image annotation BT: Natural gas

Linguistics Liquid cooling BT: Natural languages BT: Cooling RT: Semiotics NT: Indirect liquid cooling NT: Phonetics Pragmatics Liquid crystal devices UF: Liquid-crystal devices Link aggregation BT: Displays BT: Telecommunication RT: Electro-optical devices network topology Liquid crystals Microdisplays Linkages Thin film transistors USE: Couplings NT: Liquid crystal displays Liquid crystal on silicon Linked data BT: Internet Liquid crystal displays RT: Big Data UF: LCD Database systems LCDs Knowledge based systems Liquid-crystal displays Knowledge representation BT: Liquid crystal devices Metadata NT: Active matrix liquid crystal NoSQL databases displays Ontologies Open data Liquid crystal on silicon Query processing UF: Lcos Semantic Web BT: Liquid crystal devices This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 279 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Integrated optoelectronics Batteries Microdisplays NT: Lithium compounds

Liquid crystal polymers Lithium batteries UF: Liquid-crystal polymers BT: Batteries BT: Polymers Lithium compounds

Liquid crystals Lithium compounds BT: Crystals BT: Lithium RT: Liquid crystal devices RT: Alloying Batteries Liquid flow NT: Lithium batteries USE: Fluid flow Lithium niobate

Liquid insulation Lithium ion batteries USE: Dielectric liquids USE: Lithium-ion batteries

Liquid level control Lithium niobate USE: Level control BT: Lithium compounds

Liquid level measurement Lithium-ion batteries USE: Level measurement UF: Li-ion batteries Lithium ion batteries Liquid nitrogen BT: Batteries BT: Cryogenics Refrigerants Lithium-sulfur batteries UF: Li-S batteries Liquid waveguides BT: Batteries BT: Hollow waveguides Lithography Liquid-crystal devices UF: Photolithography USE: Liquid crystal devices BT: Manufacturing RT: Nanotechnology Liquid-crystal displays Printing USE: Liquid crystal displays Proximity effects NT: Colloidal lithography Liquid-crystal polymers Extreme ultraviolet USE: Liquid crystal polymers lithography Interferometric lithography Liquids Nanolithography BT: Fluids Soft lithography RT: Aerosols Stereolithography Electrohydraulics X-ray lithography Materials science and technology Lithotripsy Spraying BT: Medical treatment NT: Water RT: Kidney stones Lithotriptors LiquiFerrofluid USE: Ferrofluid Lithotriptors BT: Biomedical equipment Lithium RT: Lithotripsy UF: Li BT: Metals Liver RT: Alloying BT: Digestive system This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 280 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Liver diseases Load modeling Liver diseases BT: Modeling BT: Liver Power system modeling RT: Power demand Liver neoplasms BT: Neoplasms Load shedding BT: Load management Livestock RT: Power distribution USE: Agriculture Load tap changers LNG USE: On load tap changers USE: Liquefied natural gas Load variations Load balancing USE: Load management USE: Load management Loaded antennas Load compensation BT: Antennas USE: Load management Loaded waveguides Load composition BT: Electromagnetic USE: Load management waveguides RT: Dielectric materials Load flow Waveguide discontinuities UF: Power flow BT: Power system management Loading NT: Load flow analysis BT: Freight handling RT: Containers Load flow analysis Filling UF: Power flow analysis Grippers BT: Load flow Pulleys RT: Power system security Power transmission Loans and mortgages UF: Mortgages Load flow control BT: Financial management UF: Power flow control BT: Power system control Local area network emulation NT: Power factor correction USE: LAN emulation

Load forecasting Local area networks BT: Power demand UF: LAN RT: Load management BT: Communication systems Digital systems Load management RT: Distributed computing UF: Load balancing Ethernet Load compensation FDDI Load composition Field buses Load variations File servers BT: Energy management IEEE 802.3 Standard RT: Energy storage IPTV Load forecasting Internetworking Pallets LAN interconnection Power demand Media Access Protocol Vehicle-to-grid Multiprocessor NT: Load shedding interconnection This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 281 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Office automation Open systems Log-normal distribution Protocols UF: Log normal distribution Regional area networks BT: Probability distribution Storage area networks Token networks Log-periodic dipole antennas Virtual private networks UF: LDPA NT: Wireless LAN BT: Antennas

Local authorities Logic USE: Local government UF: Formal logic BT: Computational and artificial Local government intelligence UF: Local authorities RT: Boolean algebra BT: Government Cognitive science Computer science Local oscillators Logic circuits BT: Oscillators Logic functions NT: Fuzzy logic Localization Multivalued logic USE: Location awareness Probabilistic logic Sufficient conditions Location awareness UF: Geo tagging Logic arrays Localization BT: Circuits Location based services Logic circuits Location metadata NT: Programmable logic arrays Mobile location management Logic CAD Mobile radio mobility USE: Logic design management BT: Mobile communication Logic circuit testing RT: Cellular radio USE: Logic testing Intercell interference Land mobile radio Logic circuits Mobile computing BT: Circuits Navigation Switching circuits Personal communication RT: Adders networks Computers and information Position measurement processing Wireless communication Counting circuits NT: Network location Digital circuits awareness Digital integrated circuits Flip-flops Location based services Logic USE: Location awareness Logic design Logic devices Location metadata Logic functions USE: Location awareness Multiplying circuits Pulse inverters Log normal distribution Shift registers USE: Log-normal distribution NT: Combinational circuits Logic arrays Log periodic antennas Programmable logic arrays BT: Antenna arrays This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 282 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Superconducting logic RT: Procurement circuits NT: Reverse logistics Supply chains Logic design UF: Circuit design (logic) Long short term memory Logic CAD UF: LSTM BT: Design automation BT: Artificial neural networks RT: Circuit synthesis RT: Machine learning Design for testability Design methodology Long Term Evolution Engineering education UF: LTE Logic circuits LTE advanced Timing BT: 3GPP Standards NT: Reconfigurable logic Communication standards RT: 4G mobile communication Logic devices High-speed networks BT: Circuits and systems Mobile communication RT: Logic circuits Mobile handsets NT: Logic gates Wireless communication Programmable logic devices Look-up table USE: Table lookup Logic functions BT: Boolean functions Lookup table RT: Logic USE: Table lookup Logic circuits Multivalued logic Loop-filtering algorithm USE: Filtering algorithms Logic gates BT: Logic devices LOPT RT: Boolean algebra USE: Flyback transformers

Logic inverters Loran USE: Pulse inverters USE: Radio navigation

Logic programming Lorentz covariance BT: Programming UF: Lorentz force NT: Constraint handling Lorentz invariance BT: Physics Logic test USE: Logic testing Lorentz force USE: Lorentz covariance Logic testing UF: Logic circuit testing Lorentz invariance Logic test USE: Lorentz covariance BT: Integrated circuit testing RT: Design for testability Loss measurement BT: Measurement Logical decomposition RT: Attenuation measurement USE: System analysis and design Magnetic losses Optical losses Logistics NT: Packet loss UF: Physical distribution management Lot sizing BT: Production management BT: Production control This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 283 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Materials requirements Greenhouse effect planning Renewable energy sources

Loudspeakers Low-earth-orbit BT: Audio systems USE: Low earth orbit satellites RT: Acoustic distortion Low-frequency noise Low density parity check codes UF: LF noise USE: Parity check codes Low frequency noise BT: Noise Low earth orbit satellites UF: LEO Low-latency communication Low-earth-orbit USE: Low latency communication BT: Artificial satellites Low-noise amplifiers Low fossile fuel economy UF: Low noise amplifiers USE: Low-carbon economy BT: Amplifiers

Low frequency noise Low-pass filters USE: Low-frequency noise UF: Low pass filters BT: Filters Low latency communication UF: Low-latency communication Low-power electronics BT: Communication systems UF: Low power electronics NT: Ultra reliable low latency Ultra low power* communication Ultra-low power* BT: Consumer electronics Low noise amplifiers RT: Electronic equipment USE: Low-noise amplifiers Nanogenerators

Low pass filters Low-temperature plasmas USE: Low-pass filters UF: Low temperature plasmas BT: Plasmas Low power electronics RT: Plasma applications USE: Low-power electronics Low-voltage Low temperature plasmas USE: Low voltage USE: Low-temperature plasmas LSI Low voltage USE: Large scale integration UF: Low-voltage BT: Voltage measurement LSTM USE: Long short term memory Low-carbon economy UF: Decarbonisation LTE Decarbonised economy USE: Long Term Evolution Decarbonization Decarbonized economy LTE advanced Low fossile fuel economy USE: Long Term Evolution BT: Power system economics RT: Carbon Lubricants Ecosystems UF: Cutting fluids Environmental BT: Production materials management RT: Lubrication Global warming This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 284 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Lubricating oils BT: Chemical elements UF: Oil filters Oiling (lubrication) Lyapunov function BT: Oils USE: Lyapunov methods

Lubrication Lyapunov methods BT: Mechanical factors UF: Lyapunov function RT: Friction Lyapunov stability Lubricants BT: System analysis and design Mechanical bearings RT: Control design Functional analysis Luminescence Stability BT: Optics RT: Luminescent devices Lyapunov stability Muon colliders USE: Lyapunov methods Scintillators NT: Bioluminescence Lymph nodes Electroluminescence BT: Lymphatic system Fluorescence Phosphorescence Lymphatic system Photoluminescence BT: Anatomy Thermoluminescence NT: Lymph nodes

Luminescent devices M2M BT: Light sources USE: Machine-to-machine Optical devices communications RT: Luminescence Muon colliders MAC NT: Electroluminescent devices USE: Media Access Protocol

Lunar MAC protocol USE: Moon USE: Media Access Protocol

Lung Mach-Zehnder interferometers BT: Respiratory system UF: Mach-Zehnder modulation RT: Pulmonary diseases BT: Interferometers Pulmonology Mach-Zehnder modulation Lung cancer USE: Mach-Zehnder BT: Cancer interferometers

Lung diseases Machine added indexing USE: Pulmonary diseases USE: Machine assisted indexing

Lung neoplasms Machine aided indexing BT: Neoplasms USE: Machine assisted indexing

LUT Machine assisted indexing USE: Table lookup UF: Automated indexing Automatic indexing Lutecium MAI USE: Lutetium Machine added indexing Machine aided indexing Lutetium Machine indexing UF: Lutecium Machine-added indexing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 285 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Machine-aided indexing RT: Bio-inspired computing Machine-assisted indexing Cognitive systems BT: Indexes Convolutional neural RT: Indexing networks Deep architecture Machine components Energy informatics BT: Machinery Generative adversarial Mechanical products networks RT: Couplings Linear discriminant analysis Engines Long short term memory Gears Naive Bayes methods Turbomachinery Predictive analytics Wheels Radiomics NT: Air cleaners NT: Adversarial machine Belts learning Cams Boosting Engine cylinders Deep learning Exhaust systems Dimensionality reduction Impellers Random forests Intake systems Reinforcement learning Manifolds Relevance vector machines Mechanical splines Robot learning Pistons Statistical learning Rotors Shafts Machine learning algorithms Valves BT: Algorithms

Machine control Machine morality BT: Industrial electronics USE: Machine ethics NT: Machine vector control Machine shops Machine ethics BT: Production facilities UF: Computational ethics RT: Machine tools Computational morality Machinery production Machine morality industries BT: Ethics Machining Technology RT: Artificial intelligence Machine tool spindles Philosophical UF: Spindle bearings considerations BT: Machine tools RT: Mechanical splines Machine indexing Shafts USE: Machine assisted indexing Machine tools Machine intelligence BT: Production equipment BT: Computational and artificial RT: Clamps intelligence Coordinate measuring RT: Machine-to-machine machines communications Cutting tools NT: Pattern analysis Fixtures Gears Machine learning Hand tools UF: Dictionary learning Hobbing machines Machine-learning Machine shops BT: Artificial intelligence Machining This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 286 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Manufacturing BT: Communication systems Mechanical guides RT: IP networks Turning Industrial Internet of Things NT: Dies Internet of Things Drilling machines Machine intelligence Grinding machines Remote monitoring Machine tool spindles Tactile Internet Metalworking machines Wireless communication Milling machines Wireless sensor networks Presses NT: Massive machine type Sawing machines communications

Machine translation Machinery BT: Computational linguistics BT: Industry applications Natural language RT: Machinery production processing industries Machining Machine vector control Materials handling BT: Machine control equipment RT: AC-DC power converters Production equipment DC-DC power converters NT: Agricultural machinery Ball bearings Machine vision Belts UF: Vision systems Drives (nonbiological) Electric machines BT: Image processing Fans RT: Automatic optical inspection Furnaces IEEE 1394 Standard Gears Image analysis Hydraulic systems Image recognition Machine components Manufacturing automation Motors Observers Printing machinery Pattern recognition Pumps Stereo vision Textile machinery Visual systems NT: Object recognition Machinery production industries Object segmentation BT: Manufacturing industries RT: Machine shops Machine windings Machinery BT: Windings Machining Machine-added indexing BT: Materials processing USE: Machine assisted indexing RT: Burnishing Clamps Machine-aided indexing Deburring USE: Machine assisted indexing Finishing Machine shops Machine-assisted indexing Machine tools USE: Machine assisted indexing Machinery Manufacturing Machine-learning NT: Boring USE: Machine learning Drilling Electrochemical machining Machine-to-machine communications Hobbing machines UF: M2M Lapping This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 287 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Laser beam machining Milling Magnetic anisotropy Planing BT: Magnetics Sawing NT: Magnetic domain walls Turning Magnetic domains Virtual machining Magnetic moments Perpendicular magnetic Macrocell networks anisotropy UF: Macrocells BT: Cellular networks Magnetic anomaly detection RT: Rural areas BT: Magnetic variables measurement Macrocells RT: Magnetic fields USE: Macrocell networks Object detection

Macroeconomics Magnetic anomaly detectors BT: Economics BT: Magnetometers RT: Government RT: Magnetic fields International trade Military equipment Public finance Object detection NT: Privatization Magnetic bearings Maglev USE: Magnetic levitation USE: Magnetic levitation Magnetic circuits Maglev trains BT: Circuits USE: Magnetic levitation vehicles RT: Coils Magnetic devices Maglev transportation Windings USE: Magnetic levitation vehicles Magnetic communication Maglev vehicles BT: Communication systems USE: Magnetic levitation vehicles RT: Electromagnetic induction Near field communication Magnesium UF: Mg Magnetic confinement BT: Metals BT: Plasma confinement NT: Magnesium compounds RT: Electromagnets Fusion power generation Magnesium compounds Tokamak devices BT: Magnesium Tokamaks NT: Magnesium oxide Magnetic core losses Magnesium oxide USE: Magnetic losses UF: Irtran 5 MgO Magnetic cores BT: Magnesium compounds BT: Magnetic devices RT: Ceramics RT: Inductors Optical materials NT: Transformer cores

Magnetic analysis Magnetic devices BT: Magnetics BT: Magnetics RT: Electromagnetic analysis RT: Magnetic circuits Magnetic fields Magnetic materials NT: Magnetization NT: Accelerator magnets This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 288 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Ferrite devices Magnetic reconnection Magnetic cores Magnetic separation Magnetic gears Magnetostatics Magnetic heads Toroidal magnetic fields Magnetic memory Magnetic modulators Magnetic films Magnetooptic devices UF: Magnetic thin films Magnetoresistive devices BT: Films Magnetostrictive devices Magnetic materials Solenoids RT: Thin films Transformer cores NT: Ferrimagnetic films Undulators Ferrite films Garnet films Magnetic domain walls BT: Magnetic anisotropy Magnetic filters USE: Magnetic separation Magnetic domains BT: Magnetic anisotropy Magnetic fluids USE: Magnetic liquids Magnetic field induced strain BT: Magnetomechanical effects Magnetic flux RT: Ferroelectric films BT: Magnetics Ferroelectric materials RT: Remanence MISFETs NT: Flux pinning Semiconductor diodes Magnetic flux density Semiconductor films Magnetic flux leakage Semiconductor-metal interfaces Magnetic flux density BT: Magnetic flux Magnetic field measurement BT: Magnetic variables Magnetic flux leakage measurement BT: Magnetic flux RT: Magnetic fields Nondestructive testing RT: Corrosion Magnetic fields Pipelines BT: Magnetics RT: Biomagnetics Magnetic force microscopy Compass BT: Magnetics Critical current density RT: Atomic force microscopy (superconductivity) Magnetic forces Electromagnetic fields Magnetic analysis Magnetic forces Magnetic anomaly BT: Magnetics detection RT: Electromagnetic forces Magnetic anomaly Force detectors Magnetic force microscopy Magnetic field Magnetic levitation measurement NT: Coercive force Magnetic levitation vehicles Maxwell equations Magnetic gears Remanence BT: Gears SQUID magnetometers Magnetic devices Saturation magnetization RT: Electromagnetic devices Synchrotrons Magnetic levitation NT: Geomagnetism Permanent magnets This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 289 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Power transmission Permeability Variable speed drives NT: Amorphous magnetic materials Magnetic heads Antiferromagnetic materials BT: Magnetic devices Diamagnetic materials RT: Magnetic recording Ferrimagnetic films Magnetoresistive devices Ferrimagnetic materials Ferrite films Magnetic hysteresis Ferrites BT: Magnetics Ferrofluid RT: Hysteresis Ferromagnetic materials Remanence Garnet films Garnets Magnetic levitation Magnetic films UF: Maglev Magnetic liquids Magnetic bearings Magnetic semiconductors BT: Levitation Magnetic superlattices Magnetics Paramagnetic materials RT: Electromagnets Soft magnetic materials Magnetic forces Magnetic gears Magnetic measurements Rail transportation USE: Magnetic variables NT: Magnetic levitation vehicles measurement

Magnetic levitation vehicles Magnetic memory UF: Maglev trains UF: Magnetic storage Maglev transportation BT: Magnetic devices Maglev vehicles Memory BT: Magnetic levitation RT: Magnetic recording Rail transportation NT: Floppy disks RT: Electromagnets Hard disks High-speed rail transportation Magnetic modulators Magnetic fields BT: Magnetic devices Permanent magnets Modulation Superconducting magnets Magnetic moments Magnetic liquids BT: Magnetic anisotropy UF: Magnetic fluids BT: Magnetic materials Magnetic multilayers BT: Magnetics Magnetic losses RT: Coatings UF: Magnetic core losses BT: Magnetics Magnetic nanoparticles RT: Eddy currents BT: Nanoparticles Loss measurement Magnetic noise Magnetic materials BT: Magnetic recording BT: Magnetics Materials Magnetic particles RT: Biomagnetics BT: Magnetics Boron alloys RT: Biomagnetics Magnetic devices Microelectromechanical Magnetoelasticity devices Magnetostriction This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 290 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Magnetic permeability Image reconstruction USE: Permeability Magnetic resonance NT: Diffusion tensor imaging Magnetic properties Functional magnetic BT: Magnetics resonance imaging Magnetic resonance Magnetic reconnection elastography BT: Magnetic fields Magnetic resonance fingerprinting Magnetic recording UF: Perpendicular recording Magnetic semiconductors BT: Recording BT: Magnetic materials RT: Magnetic heads Semiconductor materials Magnetic memory NT: Digital magnetic recording Magnetic sensors Heat-assisted magnetic BT: Magnetics recording Sensors Magnetic noise NT: Spin valves Magnetooptic recording Microwave-assisted Magnetic separation magnetic recording UF: Magnetic filters Perpendicular magnetic BT: Magnetic fields recording RT: Particle separators Shingled magnetic recording Magnetic shielding BT: Electromagnetic shielding Magnetic resonance BT: Resonance Magnetic stimulation Resonant frequency BT: Medical treatment RT: Ferroresonance Magnetic resonance Magnetic storage imaging USE: Magnetic memory NT: Antiferromagnetic resonance Magnetic superlattices Ferromagnetic resonance BT: Magnetic materials Nuclear magnetic Superlattices resonance Paramagnetic resonance Magnetic susceptibility BT: Magnetics Magnetic resonance elastography BT: Magnetic resonance Magnetic switching imaging BT: Magnetics

Magnetic resonance fingerprinting Magnetic thin films BT: Magnetic resonance USE: Magnetic films imaging Magnetic tunnel junctions Magnetic resonance imaging USE: Magnetic tunneling UF: Biomedical MRI MRI Magnetic tunneling NMR imaging UF: Magnetic tunnel junctions Nuclear magnetic Magnetic tunnelling resonance imaging Spin-dependent tunneling BT: Imaging Spin-dependent tunnelling RT: Diagnostic radiography BT: Magnetoelectric effects This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 291 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Tunneling Magnetisation processes RT: Magnetoelectronics USE: Magnetization processes Spin polarized transport Magnetisation reversal Magnetic tunnelling USE: Magnetization reversal USE: Magnetic tunneling Magnetization Magnetic variables control UF: Magnetisation BT: Control systems BT: Magnetic analysis

Magnetic variables measurement Magnetization processes UF: Magnetic measurements UF: Magnetisation processes BT: Measurement BT: Magnetics NT: Magnetic anomaly RT: Hysteresis detection NT: Magnetization reversal Magnetic field Saturation magnetization measurement Magnetometers Magnetization reversal Permeability measurement UF: Magnetisation reversal BT: Magnetization processes Magnetics NT: Biomagnetics Magneto electrical resistivity imaging Demagnetization technique Gyromagnetism UF: MERIT Magnetic analysis BT: Imaging Magnetic anisotropy RT: Geophysical measurement Magnetic devices techniques Magnetic fields Magnetic flux Magnetoacoustic effects Magnetic force microscopy UF: Acoustomagnetic effects Magnetic forces BT: Magnetics Magnetic hysteresis RT: Acoustics Magnetic levitation Magnetomechanical effects Magnetic losses Magnetic materials Magnetoelasticity Magnetic multilayers BT: Magnetomechanical effects Magnetic particles RT: Magnetic materials Magnetic properties NT: Magnetostriction Magnetic sensors Magnetic susceptibility Magnetoelectric effects Magnetic switching BT: Magnetics Magnetization processes NT: Hall effect Magnetoacoustic effects Magnetic tunneling Magnetoelectric effects Magnetoelectronics Magnetomechanical effects Magnetoresistance Magnetooptic effects Spintronics Magnets Magnonics Magnetoelectronic devices Microwave magnetics USE: Magnetoelectronics Nonlinear magnetics Remanence Magnetoelectronics UF: Magnetoelectronic devices Magnetisation BT: Magnetoelectric effects USE: Magnetization RT: Magnetic tunneling Magnetoresistive devices This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 292 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Spin polarized transport BT: Magnetic devices RT: Magnetooptic effects Magnetoencephalography BT: Biomagnetics Magnetooptic effects RT: Biomedical image UF: Photomagnetic effects processing BT: Magnetics Brain RT: Kerr effect Magnetooptic devices Magnetofluid dynamics Magnetooptic recording USE: Magnetohydrodynamics Optics NT: Faraday effect Magnetofluiddynamics Gyrotropism USE: Magnetohydrodynamics Magnetooptic recording Magnetohydrodynamic power generation BT: Laser applications BT: Power generation Magnetic recording RT: Magnetohydrodynamics RT: Magnetooptic effects

Magnetohydrodynamics Magnetoresistance UF: Hydromagnetics UF: Magnetoresistivity MHD BT: Magnetoelectric effects Magnetofluid dynamics RT: Magnetoresistive devices Magnetofluiddynamics Nanocontacts BT: Dynamics Spin polarized transport Hydrodynamics NT: Anisotropic Mechanical factors magnetoresistance RT: Electrohydraulics Ballistic magnetoresistance Fluid flow Colossal Magnetohydrodynamic magnetoresistance power generation Enhanced magnetoresistance Magnetomechanical effects Extraordinary UF: Piezomagnetic effects magnetoresistance BT: Magnetics Giant magnetoresistance RT: Magnetoacoustic effects Ordinary Mechanical factors magnetoresistance Stress Tunneling NT: Magnetic field induced magnetoresistance strain Magnetoelasticity Magnetoresistive devices Magnetostriction UF: Magnetoresistors BT: Magnetic devices Magnetometers RT: Giant magnetoresistance UF: Magnetometry Magnetic heads BT: Magnetic variables Magnetoelectronics measurement Magnetoresistance NT: Magnetic anomaly Tunneling detectors magnetoresistance SQUID magnetometers Magnetoresistivity Magnetometry USE: Magnetoresistance USE: Magnetometers Magnetoresistors Magnetooptic devices USE: Magnetoresistive devices UF: Photomagnetic devices This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 293 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Magnetosphere USE: Mainframes UF: Magnetotail BT: Terrestrial atmosphere Main line RT: Geomagnetism USE: Landline

Magnetostatic waves Mainframes BT: Waves UF: Main frames RT: Electromagnetic BT: Digital computers propagation RT: Microcomputers Magnetostatics Time sharing computer systems Magnetostatics BT: Magnetic fields Maintenance RT: Magnetostatic waves BT: Reliability

Magnetostriction Maintenance engineering BT: Magnetoelasticity UF: Repair Magnetomechanical effects BT: Engineering - general RT: Magnetic materials RT: Automatic testing Magnetostrictive devices Availability Configuration management Magnetostrictive devices Fault diagnosis BT: Magnetic devices Inspection RT: Magnetostriction Monitoring Sensors Remaining life assessment Testing Magnetotail NT: Maintenance management USE: Magnetosphere Predictive maintenance Preventive maintenance Magnetrons Systems support BT: Electron tubes RT: Relativistic effects Maintenance management Sputtering BT: Maintenance engineering Technical management Magnets BT: Magnetics Major depressive disorder RT: Cobalt USE: Depression Saturation magnetization NT: Electromagnets Maldistribution Micromagnetics BT: Reliability Permanent magnets Malicious software Magnonics USE: Malware BT: Magnetics Malignancy MAI USE: Cancer USE: Machine assisted indexing Malignant Mail USE: Cancer USE: Postal services Malignant tumors Mail (electronic) BT: Tumors USE: Electronic mail Malware Main frames UF: Malicious software This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 294 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Software Management training RT: Anti-virus software Operations research Cyber espionage Personnel Phishing Productivity Privacy NT: Asset management Security Best practices NT: Computer viruses Building management Computer worms systems Ransomware Business continuity Rootkit Business process Trojan horses management Business process re- Mammary glands engineering BT: Glands Communication system operations and management Mammary neoplasms Conference management USE: Breast neoplasms Content management Contingency management Mammography Contract management BT: Biomedical imaging Contracts RT: Medical tests Customer relationship management Man machine systems Decision making USE: Man-machine systems Dependability management Distributed management Man-machine interfaces Enterprise resource USE: User interfaces planning Facilities management Man-machine systems Financial management UF: Cyborgs Governmental factors Man machine systems Human resource BT: Systems, man, and management cybernetics Information management RT: Androids Interface management Cybernetics International collaboration Ergonomics Knowledge management Human computer Marketing management interaction Organizational aspects Human factors Outsourcing Persuasive systems Process planning Tactile Internet Production management NT: Digital intelligence Program management Extended reality Project management Interactive systems Public relations Quality management Management Requirements management UF: Reliability management Research and development BT: Business management RT: Analytic hierarchy process Resource management Company reports Risk analysis Ethical aspects Safety management Learning management Security management systems Storage management Management information Supply chain management systems Technical management This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 295 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Technology management Manipulator sensing systems Management accounting USE: Robot sensing systems BT: Financial management RT: Company reports Manipulator vision systems NT: Cost accounting USE: Robot vision systems

Management information base Manipulators UF: MIB UF: Arms (robotic) BT: Computer network BT: Robots management RT: Assembly RT: Information systems Assembly systems Telecommunication Control equipment network management Control systems Virtual environments Industrial control Manufacturing automation Management information systems Materials handling BT: Information systems Mechanical variables RT: Customer relationship control management Motion control Knowledge management Nonlinear systems Management Position control Supply chain management Service robots NT: Portals Servomechanisms Servosystems Management training Telerobotics BT: Training NT: End effectors RT: Continuing education Manipulator dynamics Management Micromanipulators

MANET Manipulators (nonrobotic) USE: Mobile ad hoc networks USE: Remote handling

Manganese Manpower planning UF: Mn USE: Labor resources BT: Metals NT: Manganese alloys Manuals UF: Technical manuals Manganese alloys BT: Professional BT: Manganese communication RT: Documentation Manifold learning Training BT: Dimensionality reduction Writing RT: Learning (artificial intelligence) Manufactured products UF: Counterfeit goods Manifolds BT: Manufacturing UF: Exhaust manifolds RT: Product customization BT: Machine components Product design RT: Engines Product development Exhaust systems NT: Ceramic products Valves Chemical products Consumer products Manipulator dynamics Electrical products BT: Manipulators Food products This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 296 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Fuels Mobile robots Glass products Process control Mechanical products Programmable control Metal products Robots Paper products NT: Computer aided Paper pulp manufacturing Plastic products Computer integrated Rubber products manufacturing Sports equipment Computer numerical control Textile products Flexible manufacturing Tools systems Windows Manufacturing economics Manufacturing USE: Industrial economics BT: Industry applications RT: Bonding Manufacturing facilities Business USE: Production facilities Discrete-event systems Industrial plants Manufacturing industries Machine tools BT: Industries Machining NT: Aerospace industry Materials handling Cement industry Materials processing Ceramics industry Production control Clothing industry Production engineering Electrical products industry Production facilities Electronics industry Production systems Food industry Productivity Footwear industry Soldering Fuel processing industries Stereolithography Glass industry Welding Machinery production Wheels industries Wire drawing Metal product industries NT: Assembly Plastics industry Assembly systems Pulp and paper industry Embossing Rubber industry Fabrication Shipbuilding industry Green manufacturing Textile industry Lithography Toy manufacturing industry Manufactured products Manufacturing systems Manufacturing management Mass customization USE: Production management Smart manufacturing Tolerance analysis Manufacturing process USE: Manufacturing processes Manufacturing automation UF: Factory automation Manufacturing processes BT: Automation UF: Compliant mechanisms Industrial electronics Froth flotation RT: Assembly Manufacturing process Assembly systems BT: Manufacturing systems Automatic optical inspection RT: Rapid prototyping Industrial control Machine vision Manufacturing systems Manipulators BT: Manufacturing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 297 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Production systems BT: Animals RT: Bleaching RT: Aquaculture Industrial facilities NT: Dolphins Production engineering Whales NT: Agile manufacturing Automobile manufacture Marine cables Batch production systems USE: Underwater cables Blanking Cellular manufacturing Marine equipment Flow production systems BT: Marine technology Food manufacturing RT: Marine robots Forging Glass manufacturing Marine navigation Integrated manufacturing BT: Navigation systems Oceanic engineering and Intelligent manufacturing marine technology systems RT: Marine robots Job production systems Sea state Joining processes Layered manufacturing Marine pollution Lean production BT: Water pollution Manufacturing processes RT: Marine accidents Mass production Oil pollution Melt processing Oils Pulp manufacturing Thermal pollution Sheet metal processing Thermoforming Marine robots Three-dimensional printing BT: Marine vehicles Robots Many core processing Underwater technology USE: Multicore processing RT: Autonomous underwater vehicles Many core systems Boats USE: Multicore processing Marine equipment Marine navigation Many valued logic Military vehicles USE: Multivalued logic Mobile robots Oceanography Manycore computing Rescue robots USE: Manycore processors Underwater vehicles

Manycore processors Marine safety UF: Manycore computing BT: Safety BT: Multicore processing RT: Marine accidents RT: Program processors Marine technology Marine vehicles Marine accidents BT: Accidents Marine science RT: Marine pollution USE: Oceanography Marine safety Marine vehicles Marine technology UF: Ocean technology Marine animals BT: Oceanic engineering and UF: Ocean animals marine technology Sea animals RT: Excavation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 298 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Marine safety Brand management Oceans Distribution strategy Underwater vehicles Market opportunities NT: Marine equipment Mass customization Marine transportation Promotion - marketing Underwater cables Underwater communication Markov decision processes Underwater equipment USE: Markov processes Underwater structures Underwater technology Markov network USE: Markov random fields Marine transportation BT: Marine technology Markov processes RT: Global Positioning System UF: Markov decision processes Seaports BT: Stochastic processes NT: Marine vehicles RT: Belief propagation Dynamic programming Marine vegetation Hidden Markov models UF: Ocean vegetation Infinite horizon Sea vegetation NT: Markov random fields BT: Vegetation Markov random fields Marine vehicles UF: Markov network UF: Ships BT: Markov processes BT: Marine transportation RT: Marine accidents Markup languages Marine safety BT: Computer languages Propellers RT: Cascading style sheets Seaports Semantic Web NT: Boats NT: HTML Marine robots OWL Underwater vehicles Page description languages SGML Market opportunities XML BT: Marketing management RT: Consumer behavior Mars Customer profiles BT: Planets Disruptive innovation Disruptive technologies Martensite Emissions trading BT: Crystalline materials Steel Market research RT: Smart materials BT: Customer relationship management Martime communications Engineering management BT: Communication networks RT: Brand management Competitive intelligence Masers Consumer products UF: Microwave lasers Customer satisfaction BT: Microwave devices Microwave technology Marketing management RT: Atomic clocks BT: Management Relativistic effects RT: Electronic commerce Stimulated emission Public relations NT: Gyrotrons NT: Advertising This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 299 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

MASH Material properties USE: Multi-stage noise shaping BT: Materials NT: Creep Mashing Elasticity USE: Mashups Elongation Resilience Mashups Rigidity UF: Mashing BT: Web services Material storage World Wide Web BT: Materials, elements, and compounds Masking threshold RT: Canning BT: Psychoacoustic models Energy storage NT: Bulk storage Mass customization Containers BT: Manufacturing Fuel storage Marketing management Secure storage Stacking Mass production Storage automation BT: Manufacturing systems Warehousing RT: Production management Water storage

Mass spectrometry Materials USE: Mass spectroscopy BT: Materials, elements, and compounds Mass spectroscopy RT: Materials handling UF: Mass spectrometry Oxidation BT: Spectroscopy NT: Acoustic materials Additives Massive machine type communications Aggregates UF: MMTC Amorphous materials mmtc Auxetic materials BT: Machine-to-machine Biological materials communications Biomedical materials RT: Intelligent systems Building materials Catalysts Massive MIMO Ceramics BT: MIMO communication Composite materials Conducting materials Master-slave Corrosion inhibitors BT: Protocols Crystalline materials Crystals Mastercard Dielectric materials USE: Credit cards Films Fluids Masticatory muscles Hazardous materials BT: Stomatognathic system Inorganic materials Lacquers Matched filters Laminates BT: Filters Magnetic materials RT: Filtering theory Material properties Media Matching pursuit algorithms Mesoporous materials BT: Algorithms Metal foam Metallic materials This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 300 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Metamaterials Materials handling Nanostructured materials equipment Oils Pallets Optical materials Remote handling Organic inorganic hybrid materials Materials handling equipment Organic materials BT: Materials handling Paints RT: Machinery Paper pulp Production equipment Petrochemicals Waste handling equipment Phase change materials NT: Containers Photoconducting materials Grippers Plastics Lifting equipment Polymer foams Pulleys Polymer gels Remote handling Polymers equipment Production materials Winches Radioactive materials Raw materials Materials handling systems Resins USE: Materials handling Resists Semiconductor materials Materials preparation Sheet materials UF: Atmospheric sintering Smart materials BT: Materials science and Solids technology Superconducting materials RT: Corrosion inhibitors Surfactants Flame retardants Terahertz materials NT: Doping Textiles Firing Thermoelectric materials Ion implantation Waste materials Laser sintering Wire Sputtering

Materials handling Materials processing UF: Materials handling systems UF: Mineral processing Scrubbers BT: Production BT: Materials science and RT: Bonding technology Canning RT: Canning Corrosion inhibitors Compaction Electrochemical deposition Die casting Fabrication Dispatching Finishing Lifting equipment Foundries Manipulators Manufacturing Manufacturing Materials science and Materials technology Mobile robots Metalworking machines Pipelines Plasma welding Radioactive waste Soldering Radioactive waste disposal Welding Robots NT: Annealing Stacking Bleaching NT: Cleaning Casting Decontamination Coatings Freight handling Curing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 301 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Etching Impurities Heat treatment Materials handling Joining processes Materials preparation Lamination Materials reliability Laser materials processing Materials testing Machining Metallurgy Melt processing Microstructure Plasma materials Periodic structures processing Pigmentation Plating Separation processes Pressing Surface engineering Punching Surfaces Refining Shearing Materials testing Smelting BT: Materials science and Softening technology Swaging Testing NT: Accelerated aging Materials reliability Acoustic testing BT: Materials science and Adhesive strength technology Bonding forces Reliability Delamination RT: Green's function methods Elastic recovery Nondestructive testing Materials requirements planning UF: MRP Materials, elements, and compounds BT: Production planning NT: Chemical elements RT: Lot sizing Compounds Scheduling Material storage Supply chain management Materials Supply chains Materials science and NT: Bills of materials technology Metals Materials science USE: Materials science and Maternity benefits technology USE: Employee welfare

Materials science and technology Mathematical analysis UF: Materials science BT: Mathematical model BT: Materials, elements, and NT: Formal concept analysis compounds Fractional calculus RT: Austenite Modal analysis Crystals Gases Mathematical model Liquids BT: Mathematics Materials processing RT: Artificial neural networks Solid-state physics NT: Mathematical analysis Solids NT: Absorption Mathematical programming Aging BT: Mathematics Chemical analysis Optimization methods Contamination Degradation Mathematics Filtration RT: Bio-inspired computing Hysteresis Econometrics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 302 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Maximum likelihood Random processes detection Root mean square STEM Sequences Viterbi algorithm Set theory Waveguide theory Simulated annealing NT: Accuracy Smoothing methods Algebra Spirals Algorithms Statistics Arithmetic Stochastic processes Azimuth Superposition calculus Boundary value problems Taylor series Calculus Tensors Closed-form solutions Topology Combinatorial mathematics Transforms Computational efficiency Transmission line matrix Conformal mapping methods Convergence Uncertain systems Convex functions Utility theory Cyclic redundancy check Dynamical systems Mathematics computing Eigenvalues and BT: Computer applications eigenfunctions NT: Matlab Equations Estimation Matlab Euclidean distance UF: Matrix laboratory Finite difference methods BT: Mathematics computing Finite element analysis RT: Computer aided instruction Fourier series Numerical analysis Functional analysis Simulation Geometry Software libraries Gradient methods Graph theory Matrices Harmonic analysis UF: Matrix algebra Iterative methods BT: Linear algebra Kernel RT: Method of moments Laplace equations Mode matching methods Lattices NT: Jacobian matrices Limit-cycles Matrix decomposition Linear matrix inequalities Singular value Linear systems decomposition Linearization techniques Mathematical model Matrix algebra Mathematical programming USE: Matrices Method of moments Minimization Matrix converters Mode matching methods UF: Matrix convertors Network theory (graphs) BT: Power conversion Nonlinear equations RT: Power electronics Nonlinear systems Numerical analysis Matrix convertors Optimization USE: Matrix converters Piecewise linear techniques Predator prey systems Matrix decomposition Probability BT: Matrices Quaternions RT: Signal processing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 303 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Statistics Linear filtering BT: Algorithms Matrix laboratory RT: Filtering theory USE: Matlab Mathematics Probability Matter waves Statistics UF: De Broglie methods De broglie hypothesis Maximum likelihood estimation BT: Waves UF: MLE BT: Estimation Maximum a posteriori estimation Statistics UF: Maximum a posteriori RT: Set theory estimator Tracking Maximum a posteriori framework Maximum likelihood linear regression Maximum a posteriori BT: Linear regression method Maximum a posteriori Maximum power point trackers probability UF: MPPT Maximum a-posteriori Maximum power point Maximum aposteriori tracking BT: Estimation theory BT: Solar power generation RT: Inverters Maximum a posteriori estimator Power conversion USE: Maximum a posteriori Solar energy estimation Maximum power point tracking Maximum a posteriori framework USE: Maximum power point USE: Maximum a posteriori trackers estimation Maxwell equations Maximum a posteriori method BT: Equations USE: Maximum a posteriori RT: Electric fields estimation Magnetic fields Perfectly matched layers Maximum a posteriori probability USE: Maximum a posteriori Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution estimation UF: Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics Maximum a-posteriori BT: Probability distribution USE: Maximum a posteriori estimation Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics USE: Maxwell-Boltzmann Maximum aposteriori distribution USE: Maximum a posteriori estimation MC-CDMA USE: Multicarrier code division Maximum likelihood decoding multiple access BT: Decoding RT: Algorithms MCCDMA USE: Multicarrier code division Maximum likelihood detection multiple access UF: Additive metric Complexity constrained MDDI detection This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 304 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Musical instrument digital Geologic measurements interfaces Geophysical measurements Interferometry Mean square error methods Key performance indicator BT: Approximation methods Length measurement RT: Error analysis Lifetime estimation Estimation theory Loss measurement Least squares Magnetic variables approximations measurement NT: Least mean squares Measurement by laser methods beam Measurement errors Measurement Measurement techniques UF: Metrics Measurement uncertainty Performance measurement Measurement units Performance metrics Mechanical variables BT: Instrumentation and measurement measurement Micrometers RT: Containers Moisture measurement Data acquisition Noise measurement Instruments Nuclear measurements Measurement standards Optical variables Phase frequency detectors measurement Telemetry Particle beam Testing measurements Transducers Particle measurements NT: Accelerometers Performance evaluation Acoustic measurements Phase measurement Antenna measurements Plasma measurements Anthropometry Pollution measurement Area measurement Pressure measurement Atmospheric Pulse measurements measurements Reflectometry Atomic measurements Reproducibility of results Bathymetry Scintillation counters Biomedical measurement Sea state Calorimetry Semiconductor device Coordinate measuring measurement machines Sensitivity Density measurement Shape measurement Distance measurement Size measurement Distortion measurement Software measurement Doppler measurement Soil measurements Dosimetry Spectral efficiency Dynamic range Spectroscopy Electric variables Thermal variables measurement measurement Electromagnetic Time measurement measurements UHF measurements Extraterrestrial Ultrasonic variables measurements measurement Fluid flow measurement Viscosity Frequency measurement Wavelength measurement Gain measurement Wide area measurements Gas chromatography pH measurement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 305 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Precision engineering Measurement by laser beam Pressure vessels BT: Measurement NT: Mechanical power RT: Laser applications transmission NT: Laser velocimetry Mechanical systems

Measurement errors Mechanical factors BT: Measurement UF: Mechanical properties RT: Error analysis BT: Physics Statistical analysis RT: Acoustic noise Electrostriction Measurement standards Magnetomechanical effects BT: Standards categories Mechanical bearings RT: ISO Mechanical variables Measurement control Measurement units Oils Structural engineering Measurement techniques NT: Acceleration BT: Measurement Aerodynamics RT: Measurement uncertainty Bending NT: Calibration Biomechanics Dynamic equilibrium Damping Dynamics Measurement uncertainty Fatigue BT: Measurement Force RT: Estimation Friction Measurement techniques Hydrodynamics Kinematics Measurement units Lubrication UF: Units (measurement) Magnetohydrodynamics BT: Measurement Photoelasticity RT: Measurement standards Pressure effects NT: International System of Shock (mechanics) Units Strain Nanometers Stress Surface cracks Mechanical bearings Surface stress BT: Friction Torque RT: Ball bearings Vibrations Lubrication Volume relaxation Mechanical factors Workability NT: Rolling bearings Mechanical guides Mechanical cables UF: Guideways (mechanical) UF: Cables (mechanical) Slideways (mechanical) BT: Cables BT: Mechanical products RT: Machine tools Mechanical energy Position control BT: Mechanical systems RT: Kinetic energy Mechanical power transmission Potential energy UF: Continuously variable transmission Mechanical engineering Powertrain BT: Engineering - general BT: Mechanical engineering RT: Mechanical products RT: Cams This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 306 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Drives Mechanical systems Engines BT: Mechanical engineering Gears RT: Gears Oils Mechatronics Power systems Microelectromechanical Shafts devices NT: Torque converters Pneumatic systems Turbomachinery Mechanical products NT: Mechanical energy UF: Ball screws Micromechanical devices BT: Manufactured products Suspensions (mechanical Production systems) RT: Escalators Mechanical engineering Mechanical variables control Structural rings BT: Control systems NT: Automotive components RT: Flexible structures Axles Frequency control Bellows Manipulators Blades Mechanical factors Brakes Mobile robots Couplings Motor drives Fasteners Robots Flanges NT: Displacement control Gears Force control Hoses Level control Machine components Motion control Mechanical guides Pitch control (position) Needles Position control Orifices Shape control Pistons Size control Pressure vessels Strain control Seals Stress control Springs Thickness control Steering systems Torque control Structural shapes Velocity control Tires Vibration control Vents Weight control Wheels Mechanical variables measurement Mechanical properties BT: Measurement USE: Mechanical factors RT: Frequency measurement Transducers Mechanical sensors NT: Angular velocity BT: Sensors Displacement NT: Capacitive sensors measurement Force measurement Mechanical splines Motion measurement BT: Machine components Position measurement RT: Gears Rotation measurement Machine tool spindles Strain measurement Shafts Stress measurement Thickness measurement Mechanical stress Torque measurement USE: Stress Velocity measurement Vibration measurement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 307 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Volume measurement BT: Middleware Weight measurement Medical computing Mechanical vibrations USE: Biomedical computing USE: Vibrations Medical conditions Mechanobiology UF: Medical disorders BT: Biology BT: Medical services RT: Biological system modeling NT: Aneurysm Biomechanics Atrophy Cell signaling Autism Nanomedicine Blindness Cataracts Mechatronics Congestive heart failure BT: Electron devices Cybersickness RT: Autonomous vehicles Deafness Control equipment Depression Intelligent control Diabetes Intelligent sensors Diseases Mechanical systems Hemorrhaging Microelectromechanical Hypertension devices Hyperthermia Microelectromechanical Injuries systems Kidney stones Robots Obesity Vehicular automation Paralysis NT: Biomechatronics Pregnancy Sleep apnea Media (medical condition) BT: Materials Thrombosis RT: Closed captioning Tumors Design tools NT: Nonhomogeneous media Medical control systems Photorealism BT: Control systems Random media RT: Assistive technology Biomedical equipment Media access control Orthotics USE: Media Access Protocol Prosthetics

Media Access Protocol Medical devices UF: MAC BT: Biomedical equipment MAC protocol RT: Biomedical communication Media access control Medium access control Medical diagnosis BT: Access protocols UF: Diagnosis (medical) RT: Local area networks Patient diagnosis Metropolitan area networks BT: Medical services RT: Biomedical imaging Media sharing Web sites Diagnostic radiography USE: Multimedia Web sites Diseases Electroencephalography Media streaming Medical expert systems USE: Streaming media Occupational medicine Radiography Mediation Translational research This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 308 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Autopsy Wearable robots Bronchoscopy NT: Rehabilitation robotics Colonography Computer aided diagnosis Medical robots Medical signal detection USE: Medical robotics Nanomedicine Plethysmography Medical services Sensitivity and specificity UF: Doctor Emergency medical Medical diagnostic imaging services BT: Biomedical imaging Health care RT: Cancer Healthcare Positron emission Nursing tomography Physician Solid scintillation detectors BT: Engineering in medicine Tumors and biology NT: Anatomical structure RT: Behavioral sciences Chemotherapy Medical disorders Emergency services USE: Medical conditions Translational research NT: Assisted living Medical equipment Catheterization USE: Biomedical equipment AND Clinical diagnosis Medical instruments Cybercare Electronic healthcare Medical expert systems Health information BT: Biomedical computing management Expert systems Hospitals RT: Medical diagnosis In vitro Medical treatment In vivo Medical conditions Medical image processing Medical diagnosis USE: Biomedical image Medical tests processing Medical treatment Occupational medicine Medical imaging Point of care USE: Biomedical imaging Prosthetics Public healthcare Medical information systems Sensory aids BT: Biomedical computing Smart healthcare Computer applications Vaccines Information systems X-rays NT: Electronic medical records Medical signal detection Medical instruments BT: Medical diagnosis UF: Medical equipment BT: Biomedical equipment Medical simulation Instruments BT: Simulation

Medical robotics Medical specialties UF: Medical robots BT: Engineering in medicine Surgical robots and biology BT: Robots NT: Anesthesiology RT: Biomedical equipment Cardiology Endomicroscopy Dermatology This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 309 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Gastroenterology Neutron capture therapy Gerontology Noninvasive treatment Gynecology Orthopedic procedures Neonatology Orthotics Neurology Patient rehabilitation Oncology Pharmaceuticals Ophthalmology Precision medicine Pathology Proton therapy Pediatrics Surgery Pulmonology Medium access control Medical tests USE: Media Access Protocol BT: Medical services RT: Mammography Medium resolution imaging spectrometer NT: Amniocentesis USE: MERIS Biopsy Cancer detection Medium voltage Colonoscopy UF: Medium-voltage Pregnancy test BT: Voltage measurement

Medical treatment Medium-voltage UF: Patient identification USE: Medium voltage Patient treatment Therapy Meeting planning BT: Medical services BT: Planning RT: Biohazards Biomedical applications of Meetings radiation UF: Technical meetings Medical expert systems BT: Professional Occupational medicine communication Psychiatry RT: Public speaking NT: Anesthesia Teleconferencing Angioplasty NT: Conferences Brachytherapy Brain stimulation Meetings (technical) Cancer treatment USE: Conferences Chemotherapy Clinical trials Mel frequency cepstral coefficient Cryotherapy UF: MFCC Defibrillation Mel-frequency cepstral Dentistry coefficient Electrical stimulation BT: Cepstral analysis Electronic medical prescriptions Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient Electroporation USE: Mel frequency cepstral Embolization coefficient Fibrillation Geriatrics Melanoma Hepatectomy BT: Skin cancer Hospitals Hyperthermia Melt processing Intubation BT: Manufacturing systems Lithotripsy Materials processing Magnetic stimulation RT: Die casting Neuromuscular stimulation Smelting This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 310 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Vacuum arc remelting Memory management UF: Garbage collection Membrane potentials (computers) UF: Membrane voltage BT: Computer architecture Transmembrane potential Memory BT: Cells (biology) RT: Memory architecture RT: Action potentials Memory modules Neurons Storage management

Membrane voltage Memory modules USE: Membrane potentials BT: Printed circuits RT: Integrated circuits Membranes Memory management USE: Biomembranes Memory resistors Memetics USE: Memristors BT: Evolution (biology) RT: Cultural differences Memoryless channel Genetics USE: Memoryless systems

Memoirs Memoryless systems USE: Autobiographies UF: Memoryless channel BT: Probability Memory UF: Data storage Memristor circuits BT: Computers and information USE: Memristors processing RT: CMOS memory circuits Memristors Memory architecture UF: Memory resistors Phase change materials Memristor circuits Recording BT: Resistors NT: Analog memory RT: Neuromorphic engineering Associative memory Resistive RAM Buffer storage Cache memory MEMS Content addressable USE: Microelectromechanical storage systems Flash memories Magnetic memory MEMS switches Memory management USE: Microswitches Nonvolatile memory Phase change memory Mental disorders Random access memory UF: Mental illness Read only memory BT: Psychiatry Read-write memory Registers Mental health Scanning probe data BT: Human factors storage Psychology Semiconductor memory RT: Behavioral sciences

Memory architecture Mental illness BT: Computer architecture USE: Mental disorders RT: Memory Memory management Mental models USE: Cognitive science This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 311 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Mentoring Mesh generation BT: Career development BT: Computer displays RT: Training RT: Computer graphics

Mercury (metals) Mesh networks UF: Hg BT: Ad hoc networks BT: Chemical elements Metals Mesomycetozoea BT: Organisms Mercury (planets) BT: Planets Mesons UF: Kaons Mergers Muons USE: Corporate acquisitions Pions BT: Elementary particles Merging RT: Cosmic rays BT: Data handling RT: Sorting Mesoporous USE: Mesoporous materials MERIS UF: Medium resolution imaging Mesoporous materials spectrometer UF: Mesoporous BT: Spectroscopy BT: Materials RT: Electrocatalysts MERIT USE: Magneto electrical Message authentication resistivity imaging technique BT: Data security RT: Cryptography Merit pay Digital signatures USE: Incentive schemes Message systems NT: Steganography Mesencephalon USE: Midbrain Message passing BT: Distributed processing MESFET circuits RT: Belief propagation BT: FET circuits RT: MESFETs Message service NT: MESFET integrated circuits UF: Messaging service WeChat MESFET integrated circuits BT: Web services BT: FET integrated circuits Integrated circuits Message systems MESFET circuits BT: Communications RT: MESFETs technology NT: Microwave FET integrated RT: Cluster computing circuits Digital signatures Message authentication MESFETs NT: Electronic mail UF: Schottky FETs Electronic messaging BT: Field effect transistors Postal services RT: MESFET circuits Publish subscribe systems MESFET integrated circuits Voice mail Schottky barriers NT: Microwave FETs Message-oriented middleware This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 312 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Middleware RT: Metal products

Messaging service Metal products USE: Message service BT: Manufactured products RT: Ball bearings Meta data Blanking USE: Metadata Metal product industries Metals industry Meta search Swaging USE: Metasearch NT: Metal enclosures

Meta-modeling Metal vapor lasers USE: Metamodeling USE: Gas lasers

Meta-search Metal-insulator structures USE: Metasearch BT: Insulators RT: Electrodes Metabolic networks MIS devices USE: Biochemistry MOS integrated circuits NT: MIM capacitors Metabolism MIM devices USE: Biochemistry Metal-insulator-metal capacitors Metabolomics USE: MIM capacitors BT: Molecular biomarkers Metal-insulator-metal devices Metacomputing USE: MIM devices BT: Distributed computing NT: Grid computing Metal-insulator-semiconductor devices USE: MIS devices Metadata UF: Meta data Metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor BT: Data models USE: MOSFET circuits RT: Image annotation Linked data Metal-oxide semiconductors NT: Annotations USE: MOS devices

Metal cutting tools Metal-oxide-nitride-oxide-semiconductors BT: Cutting tools USE: MONOS devices RT: Plasma jets Metal-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon Metal enclosures USE: MONOS devices BT: Metal products Metal-oxide-semiconductor devices Metal foam USE: MOS devices BT: Materials RT: Lightweight structures Metal-semiconductor interfaces Metals USE: Semiconductor-metal Polymer foams interfaces

Metal oxide semiconductor heterojunction FETs Metallic materials USE: MOSHFETs BT: Materials RT: Cermet Metal product industries BT: Manufacturing industries Metallic superlattices This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 313 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Superlattices Mercury (metals) Metallization Metallisation Neodymium USE: Metallization Nickel Niobium Metallization Palladium UF: Metallisation Platinum BT: Metals Rare earth metals RT: Wiring Samarium NT: Integrated circuit Silver metallization Steel Strontium Metallurgy Tin BT: Materials science and Titanium technology RT: Iron alloys Yttrium Metals Zinc

Metalorganic vapor deposition Metals industry USE: MOCVD UF: Aluminium industry Aluminum industry Metals BT: Industries UF: Alloys RT: Metal products BT: Materials, elements, and Smelting compounds RT: Blanking Metalworking machines Die casting BT: Machine tools Filler metals RT: Cutting tools Inorganic compounds Materials processing Metal foam Metals Metallurgy Metalworking machines Metamaterial cloaking NT: Alloying USE: Optical cloaking Aluminum Barium Metamaterials Bismuth UF: Acoustic metamaterials Boron Left handed materials Cadmium Left-handed materials Calcium Microwave metamaterials Chromium BT: Materials Cobalt RT: Metasurfaces Copper Nanocomposites Digital alloys Optical materials Erbium Refractive index Gallium Smart materials Germanium Split ring resonators Gold NT: Electromagnetic Hafnium metamaterials Indium Optical cloaking Iron Optical metamaterials Lanthanum Lead Metamodeling Lithium UF: Meta-modeling Magnesium BT: Modeling Manganese This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 314 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Metamorphic HEMTs Snow USE: mHEMTs Storms Weather forecasting Metasearch Wind UF: Federated search Federated searching Meter reading Meta search BT: Power system Meta-search measurements BT: Search methods NT: Automatic meter reading RT: Triples (Data structure) Smart meters Web search Meters Metastasis BT: Instruments UF: Metastatic disease NT: Dynamometers BT: Cancer Flowmeters RT: Diseases Goniometers Potentiometers Metastatic disease Radiometers USE: Metastasis Tachometers Vibrometers Metasurfaces Voltmeters BT: Surfaces Watthour meters RT: Metamaterials Wattmeters Thin films Methane Meteorological factors BT: Natural gas BT: Geoscience RT: Carbon emissions RT: Fading channels Multipath channels Methanol UF: Carbinol Meteorological radar Methyl alcohol UF: Radar meteorology Wood alcohol BT: Radar Wood naphtha RT: Backscatter Wood spirits Radar imaging BT: Chemical compounds RT: Anti-freeze Meteorology Fuels UF: Climate Solvents Weather BT: Geophysics Method of moments RT: Air pollution UF: Galerkin method Atmosphere Method-of-moments Atmospheric MoM measurements Moment methods Data assimilation BT: Mathematics Environmental factors Numerical analysis Ice RT: Boundary-element methods Ionosphere Integral equations Pressure effects Matrices Remote sensing Terrestrial atmosphere Method-of-moments NT: Humidity USE: Method of moments Lightning Monsoons Methyl alcohol Rain USE: Methanol This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 315 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Metrics Mice USE: Measurement UF: Mouse BT: Animals Metro area networks USE: Metropolitan area networks Mice flows USE: Communication system Metrology traffic AND BT: Science - general Computer networks NT: Optical metrology Micro air vehicles Metropolitan area networks USE: Unmanned aerial vehicles UF: Metro area networks BT: Communication systems Micro computers Computer networks USE: Microcomputers Digital systems RT: Distributed computing Micro-computers IEEE 802.16 Standard USE: Microcomputers Internetworking LAN interconnection Micro-electro-mechanical devices Media Access Protocol USE: Microelectromechanical Multiprocessor devices interconnection Open systems Micro-electro-mechanical systems Protocols USE: Microelectromechanical Regional area networks systems Token networks Micro-electromechanical devices Metropolitan areas USE: Microelectromechanical USE: Urban areas devices

MFCC Micro-electromechanical systems USE: Mel frequency cepstral USE: Microelectromechanical coefficient systems

Mg Micro-hydro USE: Magnesium USE: Microhydro power

MgO Micro-optical components USE: Magnesium oxide USE: Microoptics

MHD Micro-opticalmechanical devices USE: Magnetohydrodynamics USE: Microoptics mHEMTs Microactuators UF: Metamorphic HEMTs BT: Actuators BT: HEMTs Microelectromechanical devices MIB RT: Microrelays USE: Management information base Microarchitecture BT: Software architecture MIC USE: Microwave integrated Microassembly circuits UF: Die attach This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 316 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Die bonding Home computing BT: Assembly Mainframes RT: Flip-chip devices Microprocessors Integrated circuit Office automation manufacture NT: Portable computers Micromachining Workstations Semiconductor device manufacture Microcontact printing USE: Soft lithography Microbial eletrolysis cells USE: Fuel cells Microcontrollers BT: Control equipment Microbial fuel cells Microprocessors USE: Fuel cells RT: CMOS technology Control systems Microbiology High-speed integrated BT: Biology circuits NT: Electroporation Neurocontrollers Virology System-on-chip

Microcavities Microdisplays BT: Optical resonators BT: Displays RT: Cavity resonators RT: Liquid crystal devices Light emitting diodes Liquid crystal on silicon Microoptics Microoptics Photoluminescence Spontaneous emission Microeconomics Whispering gallery modes BT: Economics RT: Linear programming Microcell networks Monopoly UF: Microcells Oligopoly Small cell networks Supply and demand BT: Cellular networks NT: Economies of scale RT: Ultra-dense networks Industrial economics

Microcells Microelectrodes USE: Microcell networks BT: Electrodes RT: Neurophysiology Microchannels Neurostimulation BT: Hydraulic diameter Microelectromechanical devices Microchip lasers UF: Micro-electro-mechanical BT: Solid lasers devices Micro-electromechanical Microchips devices USE: Integrated circuits BT: Microelectromechanical systems Microcomputers RT: Magnetic particles UF: Laptops Mechanical systems Micro computers Mechatronics Micro-computers Micromachining Minicomputers Microsensors Personal computers NT: Microactuators BT: Computers Micromotors RT: Consumer electronics Micropumps This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 317 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Microvalves Power system reliability Smart grids Microelectromechanical systems UF: MEMS Microgrippers Micro-electro-mechanical USE: Grippers systems Micro-electromechanical Microhydro power systems UF: Micro-hydro BT: Electron devices BT: Hydroelectric power RT: Mechatronics generation Nanoelectromechanical RT: Appropriate technology systems NT: Microelectromechanical Microinjection devices BT: Biology Radiofrequency microelectromechanical systems Micromachining BT: Electronic equipment Microelectronic implants manufacture BT: Implants RT: Electrochemical machining Embossing Microelectronic stimulation Etching USE: Electrical stimulation Integrated circuit manufacture Microelectronics Microassembly BT: Electronic equipment Microelectromechanical RT: Integrated circuits devices Semiconductor device Microfabrication manufacture BT: Fabrication Micromechanical devices Micromagnetics RT: Fiducial markers BT: Magnets Nanotechnology Micromanipulators Microfiltration BT: Manipulators BT: Filtration RT: Contamination Micromechanical devices UF: Micromechanical systems Microfluidics Microsystems BT: Electron devices BT: Electron devices Fluidics Mechanical systems RT: Biochips RT: Microoptics Biomedical engineering Nanogenerators Fluidic microsystems NT: Biomedical Hydrodynamics microelectromechanical systems Fluidic microsystems Micrographs Microfabrication USE: Photomicrography Micromechanical systems Microgrids USE: Micromechanical devices BT: Power grids RT: Distributed power Micrometers generation UF: Micrometres Power distribution networks Micrometry Power generation Microns Power system management BT: Measurement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 318 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Distance measurement Interferometry Microphone arrays Length measurement BT: Microphones Strain measurement Thickness measurement Microphones BT: Audio systems Micrometres NT: Microphone arrays USE: Micrometers Microphotographs Micrometry USE: Photomicrography USE: Micrometers Microphotography Micromirrors USE: Photomicrography UF: Digital micromirror devices BT: Microoptics Microprocessor chips Mirrors BT: Microprocessors RT: Optical arrays RT: Flip-chip devices Optical projectors Substrates Yield estimation Micromotors NT: AI accelerators BT: Microelectromechanical devices Microprocessors Motors BT: Circuits Rotating machines Integrated circuits RT: CMOS technology Microns Embedded systems USE: Micrometers Flip-chip devices Microcomputers Microoptical components Processor scheduling USE: Microoptics System-on-chip NT: Automatic logic units Microoptics Biomimetics UF: Micro-optical components Coprocessors Micro-opticalmechanical Microcontrollers devices Microprocessor chips Microoptical components Vector processors BT: Optics RT: Integrated optics Microprogramming Integrated optoelectronics UF: Firmware Microcavities BT: Programming Microdisplays RT: Computer architecture Micromechanical devices Software Microswitches NT: Micromirrors Micropumps BT: Microelectromechanical Microorganisms devices UF: Bacteria Pumps Bacterial content Viruses (microorganisms) Microrelays BT: Organisms BT: Relays RT: Biological cells RT: Microactuators Immune system Molecular biophysics Microsatellites NT: Adenoviruses USE: Small satellites Viruses (medical) This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 319 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Microscopy RT: Microwave communication BT: Imaging Instruments Microstrip lines RT: Optical imaging USE: Microstrip NT: Atomic force microscopy Electron microscopy Microstrip resonators Endomicroscopy BT: Microstrip components Scanning microwave RT: Resonance microscopy Scanning probe microscopy Microstructure BT: Materials science and Microsensors technology BT: Electromechanical sensors RT: Crystal microstructure RT: Control systems Microelectromechanical Microstructured fibers devices USE: Photonic crystal fibers Wireless sensor networks Microstructured fibres Microsoft Excel USE: Photonic crystal fibers USE: Spreadsheet programs Microsurgery Microsoft Windows BT: Surgery USE: Operating systems Microswitches Microstrip UF: MEMS switches UF: Microstrip lines BT: Switches BT: Planar transmission lines RT: Microoptics RT: Broadband antennas NT: Microstrip components Microsystems USE: Micromechanical devices Microstrip antenna arrays UF: Microstrip arrays Microvalves BT: Antenna arrays BT: Microelectromechanical RT: Antennas devices Aperture coupled antennas Valves Microstrip antennas Microwave amplifiers Microstrip antennas BT: Microwave devices BT: Antennas RT: Aperture coupled antennas Microwave antenna arrays Microstrip antenna arrays BT: Antenna arrays Patch antennas Microwave antennas Microstrip arrays BT: Antennas USE: Microstrip antenna arrays Microwave bands Microstrip components BT: Microwave technology BT: Microstrip NT: C-band RT: Power combiners K-band Power dividers L-band Thick film inductors NT: Microstrip resonators Microwave circuits BT: Circuits Microstrip filters Microwave technology BT: Filters RT: Analog circuits This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 320 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Distributed parameter circuits Microwave integrated circuits Microwave devices UF: MIC Microwave integrated BT: Integrated circuits circuits RT: Analog integrated circuits Microwave photonics Microwave circuits NT: MMICs Microwave communication BT: Communication systems Microwave lasers Microwave technology USE: Masers RT: Microstrip filters Microwave photonics Microwave magnetics NT: Rectennas BT: Magnetics

Microwave devices Microwave measurement BT: Microwave technology BT: Electromagnetic RT: Electromagnetic measurements waveguides RT: Microwave technology Microwave circuits NT: Microwave frequencies Microwave photonics Photonic crystals Microwave metamaterials Superconducting USE: Metamaterials microwave devices NT: Masers Microwave oscillators Microwave amplifiers BT: Oscillators Microwave filters Microwave transistors Microwave ovens BT: Consumer electronics Microwave FET integrated circuits Consumer products BT: MESFET integrated circuits Home appliances RT: Microwave FETs Ovens

Microwave FETs Microwave photonics BT: MESFETs BT: Microwave technology Microwave transistors Photonics RT: Microwave FET integrated RT: Electrooptic modulators circuits Elementary particles Integrated optoelectronics Microwave filters Microwave circuits BT: Microwave devices Microwave communication Microwave devices Microwave frequencies Optical modulation BT: Microwave measurement Microwave propagation Microwave generation BT: Electromagnetic BT: Microwave technology propagation NT: High power microwave RT: Broadband antennas generation Electromagnetic waveguides Microwave heating USE: Electromagnetic heating Microwave radar USE: Radar Microwave imaging BT: Imaging Microwave radiometry RT: Remote sensing BT: Radiometry This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 321 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Message-oriented Microwave sensors middleware BT: Microwave technology Web services

Microwave technology Mie scattering BT: Microwave theory and BT: Electromagnetic scattering techniques RT: Electromagnetic analysis RT: Microwave measurement Electromagnetic fields Radar Electromagnetic forces NT: Baluns Electromagnetic Beam steering measurements Circulators Electromagnetic Masers propagation Microwave bands Microwave circuits Mil standards Microwave communication USE: Military standards Microwave devices Microwave generation Military aircraft Microwave photonics BT: Military equipment Microwave sensors RT: Aircraft Hyperspectral sensors Microwave theory and techniques NT: Payloads NT: Microwave technology Millimeter wave technology Military command and control Submillimeter wave USE: Command and control technology systems

Microwave transistors Military communication BT: Microwave devices BT: Communication systems NT: Microwave FETs RT: Command and control systems Microwave-assisted magnetic recording Cross layer design BT: Magnetic recording Electronic countermeasures Hyperspectral sensors Midbrain Military satellites UF: Mesencephalon Ultra wideband BT: Brain communication Central nervous system NT: Reconnaissance RT: Forebrain Hindbrain Military computing BT: Computer applications Middleboxes RT: Mobile computing BT: Computer network management Military equipment Internet BT: Aerospace and electronic systems Middleware RT: Defense industry BT: Client-server systems Explosion protection Software Ground support RT: Computer applications Landmine detection Computer networks Magnetic anomaly Internet of Things detectors Publish subscribe systems Night vision NT: Mediation Open area test sites Wearable robots This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 322 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Military aircraft Millimeter wave integrated Military satellites circuits Military vehicles NT: Millimeter wave transistors Weapons Millimeter wave integrated circuits Military satellites UF: Millimeter-wave integrated BT: Artificial satellites circuits Military equipment BT: Circuits RT: Global Positioning System Integrated circuits Hyperspectral sensors Millimeter wave circuits Military communication Millimeter wave technology RT: Analog integrated circuits Military standards Millimeter wave devices UF: Mil standards NT: MIMICs BT: Standards categories Millimeter wave measurements Military vehicles UF: Millimeter-wave BT: Military equipment measurements Vehicles BT: Electromagnetic RT: Marine robots measurements RT: Millimeter wave technology Milk USE: Dairy products Millimeter wave monolithic integrated circuits USE: MIMICs Millennial generation USE: Millennials Millimeter wave propagation UF: Millimeter-wave Millennials propagation UF: Generation Y BT: Electromagnetic Millennial generation propagation BT: Social groups RT: Millimeter wave communication Millimeter wave circuits UF: Millimeter-wave circuits Millimeter wave radar BT: Circuits UF: Millimeter-wave radar Millimeter wave technology BT: Millimeter wave technology RT: Analog circuits Radar Distributed parameter circuits Millimeter wave technology Millimeter wave devices UF: Millimeter-wave technology NT: Millimeter wave integrated BT: Microwave theory and circuits techniques RT: Millimeter wave Millimeter wave communication measurements UF: Millimeter-wave NT: Millimeter wave circuits communication Millimeter wave devices mmwave communication Millimeter wave integrated BT: Radio communication circuits RT: Millimeter wave Millimeter wave radar propagation Millimeter wave transistors Millimeter wave devices UF: Millimeter-wave transistors UF: Millimeter-wave devices BT: Millimeter wave devices BT: Millimeter wave technology Transistors RT: Millimeter wave circuits This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 323 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Millimeter-wave circuits UF: Metal-insulator-metal USE: Millimeter wave circuits devices BT: Metal-insulator structures Millimeter-wave communication RT: Semiconductor-insulator USE: Millimeter wave interfaces communication MIMICs Millimeter-wave devices UF: Millimeter wave monolithic USE: Millimeter wave devices integrated circuits Millimeter-wave monolithic Millimeter-wave integrated circuits integrated circuits USE: Millimeter wave integrated BT: Millimeter wave integrated circuits circuits Monolithic integrated Millimeter-wave measurements circuits USE: Millimeter wave RT: MMICs measurements Radiofrequency integrated circuits Millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuits USE: MIMICs MIMO communication UF: MIMO systems Millimeter-wave propagation Multiple antenna systems USE: Millimeter wave Multiple input multiple propagation output Multiple input multiple Millimeter-wave radar output systems USE: Millimeter wave radar Multiple-input multiple- output Millimeter-wave technology Multiple-input multiple- USE: Millimeter wave technology output systems Multiple-input-multiple- Millimeter-wave transistors output USE: Millimeter wave transistors Multivariable systems BT: Communication systems Millimicron RT: 3G mobile communication USE: Nanometers Control systems IEEE 802.11 Standard Milling IEEE 802.11n Standard BT: Machining IEEE 802.16 Standard RT: Boring MISO communication Milling machines Multipath channels NOMA Milling machines OFDM BT: Machine tools Optimization methods RT: Ball milling Radio communication Cutting tools SIMO communication Milling SISO communication NT: Massive MIMO MIM capacitors Rician channels UF: Metal-insulator-metal capacitors MIMO radar BT: Metal-insulator structures BT: Multistatic radar

MIM devices MIMO systems USE: MIMO communication This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 324 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Minimum analog-digital integrated circuits Mind-machine interfaces USE: Analog-digital integrated USE: Brain-computer interfaces circuits

Mineral processing Mining equipment USE: Materials processing BT: Production equipment RT: Mining industry Mineral resources BT: Minerals Mining industry BT: Industries Mineralization RT: Excavation BT: Minerals Fracking Fuel processing industries Minerals Geoengineering BT: Geology Hyperspectral sensors NT: Mineral resources Mining equipment Mineralization Raw materials Ores NT: Coal mining

Miniaturized satellites Minmax techniques USE: Small satellites USE: Minimax techniques

Minicomputers Mirrors USE: Microcomputers BT: Optical devices RT: Optical materials Minimally invasive surgery Optical reflection UF: Laparoscopic surgery Reflection BT: Surgery NT: Distributed Bragg reflectors RT: Laparoscopes Micromirrors

Minimax techniques MIS devices UF: Minmax techniques UF: Metal-insulator- BT: Statistics semiconductor devices RT: Artificial intelligence BT: Semiconductor devices Game theory RT: Metal-insulator structures Minimization methods Semiconductor-insulator interfaces Minimisation NT: Charge coupled devices USE: Minimization MOS devices

Minimisation methods MISFETs USE: Minimization methods BT: Field effect transistors RT: CMOSFET logic devices Minimization Magnetic field induced UF: Minimisation strain BT: Mathematics RT: Optimization MISO communication NT: Minimization methods UF: multiple input single-output multiple-input single output Minimization methods multiple-input single-output UF: Minimisation methods BT: Communication systems BT: Minimization RT: MIMO communication RT: Approximation methods SIMO communication Minimax techniques SISO communication

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Missile guidance BT: Statistics BT: Missiles RT: Feature extraction RT: Target recognition Image segmentation Probabilistic logic Missiles UF: Torpedoes MLE BT: Weapons USE: Maximum likelihood RT: Aerospace control estimation Ground support NT: Missile guidance MLFMA UF: Multilevel fast multipole Mission critical systems algorithm UF: Mission-critical systems BT: Algorithms BT: Contingency management MMICs Mission-critical systems UF: Monolithic microwave USE: Mission critical systems integrated circuits BT: Microwave integrated Mixed analog digital integrated circuits circuits USE: Mixed analog-digital Monolithic integrated integrated circuits circuits RT: Analog integrated circuits Mixed analog-digital integrated circuits MIMICs UF: Mixed analog digital Radiofrequency integrated integrated circuits circuits BT: Analog-digital integrated circuits MMTC RT: Analog processing circuits USE: Massive machine type System-on-chip communications

Mixed convection mmtc USE: Convection USE: Massive machine type communications Mixed integer linear programming UF: Mixed-integer linear mmwave communication programming USE: Millimeter wave BT: Integer linear programming communication

Mixed reality Mn BT: Simulation USE: Manganese RT: Augmented reality Multimedia systems MNN Virtual reality USE: Multi-layer neural network

Mixed-integer linear programming Mobile ad hoc networks USE: Mixed integer linear UF: MANET programming Wireless ad hoc network BT: Ad hoc networks Mixers BT: Frequency conversion Mobile agents RT: Demodulation BT: Knowledge based systems Modulation RT: Computer applications Nonlinear circuits Distributed computing Intelligent systems Mixture models Learning systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 326 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Mobile computing Mobile video Software agents Software radio Ultra-dense networks Mobile antennas BT: Antennas Mobile computing Land mobile radio BT: Computers and information equipment processing RT: Land mobile radio RT: Ad hoc networks Bring your own device Mobile application development Crowdsensing USE: Application programming Crowdsourcing interfaces Data dissemination Edge computing Mobile applications Location awareness UF: Mobile apps Military computing BT: Computer applications Mobile agents RT: Mobile communication Mobile learning Mobile handsets Software defined Wireless communication networking Telecommunication Mobile apps computing USE: Mobile applications User experience NT: Wireless access points Mobile communication BT: Communication systems Mobile device security Near field communication USE: Mobile security RT: Acoustic communication (telecommunication) Mobile devices Block codes USE: Mobile handsets Film bulk acoustic resonators Mobile handsets Indoor communication UF: Mobile devices Long Term Evolution Mobile phones Mobile applications BT: Telephone sets Mobile handsets RT: Dual band Multiuser detection Land mobile radio Network resource Long Term Evolution management Mobile applications Radio communication Mobile communication Routing protocols Personal communication Time-varying channels networks Transceivers Tablet computers Vehicular ad hoc networks Transceivers NT: 3G mobile communication UHF communication 4G mobile communication NT: Smart phones 5G mobile communication 6G mobile communication Mobile learning Ambient networks BT: Electronic learning Cellular technology Mobile communication Dual band RT: Distance learning Land mobile radio Mobile computing Location awareness Mobile learning Mobile location management Mobile nodes USE: Location awareness Mobile security This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 327 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Mobile nodes Mobile communication BT: Mobile communication Telecommunication Mobile television network management USE: TV

Mobile office Mobile TV USE: Teleworking BT: TV

Mobile payment Mobile video USE: Online banking BT: Mobile communication Streaming media Mobile phones RT: Video recording USE: Mobile handsets MOCVD Mobile radio UF: Metalorganic vapor USE: Land mobile radio deposition BT: Chemical vapor deposition Mobile radio mobility management USE: Location awareness Modal analysis BT: Mathematical analysis Mobile robot sensing systems RT: Vibration measurement USE: Robot sensing systems Mode matching methods Mobile robot vision systems BT: Mathematics USE: Robot vision systems Numerical analysis Statistical analysis Mobile robots RT: Antenna theory BT: Robots Matrices RT: Agricultural robots Waveguide theory Assembly systems Control systems Model checking Humanoid robots BT: System testing Industrial control RT: Algorithms Manufacturing automation Concurrent computing Marine robots Formal verification Materials handling Static analysis Mechanical variables control Model driven engineering Motion control UF: Model-driven engineering Motion detection BT: Software design Nonlinear systems Service robots Model predictive control Stairs USE: Predictive control Telerobotics Unmanned aerial vehicles Model reduction Vehicles USE: Reduced order systems Vehicular automation Wearable robots Model-based reasoning NT: Autonomous automobiles USE: Inference mechanisms Climbing robots Legged locomotion Model-driven development BT: Software development Mobile security management UF: Mobile device security BT: Computer security Model-driven engineering This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 328 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Model driven engineering System identification Systems modeling Model-predictive control USE: Predictive control Modelling USE: Modeling Modeling UF: Modelling Modems System modeling UF: Modulator-demodulators BT: Systems engineering and BT: Communication equipment theory Computer peripherals RT: Computer graphics RT: Data communication Data visualization Demodulation Digital simulation Modulation Haptic interfaces Human in the loop Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer Monte Carlo methods USE: MODIS Numerical simulation Petri nets Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Plasma simulation USE: MODIS Power system analysis computing MODFET circuits Systems Modeling BT: FET circuits Language RT: MODFETs Time series analysis Rail to rail amplifiers NT: Analytical models Rail to rail operation Atmospheric modeling NT: MODFET integrated circuits Brain modeling Building information MODFET integrated circuits management BT: MODFET circuits Computational modeling RT: MODFETs Context modeling Data models MODFETs Data-driven modeling UF: Heterostructure FETs Deformable models SDHTs Digital elevation models Selectively doped Emulation heterojunction transistors Graphical models TEGFETs Green's function methods Two-dimensional electron Hidden Markov models gas FETs Input variables BT: Field effect transistors Integrated circuit modeling RT: HEMTs Inverse problems MODFET circuits Load modeling MODFET integrated circuits Metamodeling Numerical models MODIS Object oriented modeling UF: Moderate resolution Power system modeling imaging spectroradiometer Process modeling Moderate-resolution Semiconductor device Imaging Spectroradiometer modeling BT: Payloads Semiconductor process Spectroradiometers modeling Signal representation Modular construction Simulation BT: Construction Solid modeling RT: Buildings This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 329 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Prefabricated construction USE: Modulation

Modular multi-level converters Modulator-demodulators USE: Multilevel converters AND USE: Modems Voltage-source converters Modulators Modular multilevel converters USE: Modulation USE: Multilevel converters Modules (abstract algebra) Modulation BT: Abstract algebra UF: Modulation format Modulation index Moisture Modulation-coding BT: Geophysics Modulators RT: Moisture control BT: Communications Moisture measurement technology Trees - insulation Signal processing RT: Direct sequence spread Moisture control spectrum communication BT: Control systems Encoding RT: Moisture IEEE 802.11 Standard NT: Humidity control IEEE 802.11g Standard IEEE 802.11n Standard Moisture measurement Linearization techniques BT: Measurement Mixers RT: Moisture Modems Soil measurements OFDM NT: Humidity measurement Phase locked loops Tracking loops Molded case circuit breakers Transmitters UF: Molded-case circuit NT: Amplitude modulation breakers Chirp modulation BT: Circuit breakers Demodulation RT: Short-circuit currents Digital modulation Frequency modulation Molded-case circuit breakers Magnetic modulators USE: Molded case circuit Modulation coding breakers Optical modulation Phase modulation Molding equipment Pulse modulation UF: Moulding equipment Pulse width modulation BT: Production equipment

Modulation coding Molecular beam applications BT: Modulation BT: Molecular beams RT: Encoding RT: Light emitting diodes Information theory Semiconductor devices NT: Interleaved codes Semiconductor lasers

Modulation format Molecular beam epitaxial growth USE: Modulation BT: Epitaxial growth RT: Crystals Modulation index Gallium USE: Modulation Thin films

Modulation-coding Molecular beams This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 330 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Beams Organic light emitting RT: Epitaxial growth diodes Thin films NT: Molecular beam Molecular imaging applications BT: Biomedical imaging

Molecular biology Molecular sieves BT: Biological processes BT: Chemical processes NT: Biochips RT: Adsorption

Molecular biomarkers Molybdenum BT: Biomarkers BT: Chemical elements RT: Drugs NT: Genomics MoM Glycomics USE: Method of moments Lipidomics Metabolomics Moment methods Proteomics USE: Method of moments

Molecular biophysics Money management UF: Biological macromolecules USE: Financial management Biomolecules BT: Biophysics Monitoring RT: Biochemistry BT: Instrumentation and Biomedical equipment measurement Biomedical imaging RT: Alarm systems Biomedical materials Maintenance engineering Cellular biophysics Power system management DNA NT: Computerized monitoring Genetic engineering Environmental monitoring Genetics Patient monitoring Microorganisms Process monitoring Radiation monitoring Molecular clones Remote monitoring USE: Cloning Surveillance Water monitoring Molecular communication (telecommunication) Monolithic integrated circuits BT: Biological systems UF: Monolithic integration Communication systems BT: Circuits RT: Nanocommunication Integrated circuits (telecommunication) NT: MIMICs MMICs Molecular computing BT: Computers and information Monolithic integration processing USE: Monolithic integrated Nanotechnology circuits RT: DNA computing Quantum chemistry Monolithic microwave integrated circuits USE: MMICs Molecular electronics UF: Biomolecular electronics Monopoly BT: Nanotechnology BT: Economics RT: Graphene devices RT: Microeconomics Nanoelectronics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 331 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

MONOS devices Morphology UF: Metal-oxide-nitride-oxide- BT: Natural language semiconductors processing Metal-oxide-nitride-oxide- RT: Entomology silicon BT: Semiconductor devices Mortar BT: Building materials Monsoons Chemical products BT: Meteorology RT: Construction industry RT: Rain Storms Mortgages USE: Loans and mortgages Monte Carlo methods UF: Importance sampling MOS capacitors Monte Carlo simulations BT: MOS devices Monte-Carlo methods RT: Capacitors Monte-Carlo simulations BT: Statistical analysis MOS devices RT: Computational UF: Metal-oxide electromagnetics semiconductors Modeling Metal-oxide-semiconductor Probability devices Simulated annealing BT: MIS devices Simulation RT: Semiconductor-insulator interfaces Monte Carlo simulations NT: MOS capacitors USE: Monte Carlo methods MOSFET Negative bias temperature Monte-Carlo methods instability USE: Monte Carlo methods MOS integrated circuits Monte-Carlo simulations BT: MOSFET circuits USE: Monte Carlo methods RT: Metal-insulator structures

Mood MOS transistors BT: Psychology USE: MOSFET

Moon MOSFET UF: Lunar UF: MOS transistors BT: Satellites nMOSFETs pMOSFETs Moore's Law BT: Field effect transistors BT: Integrated circuit MOS devices technology RT: CMOS technology CMOSFET logic devices Mopeds Gate drivers USE: Motorcycles TFETs NT: CMOSFETs Morals FinFETs USE: Ethics Interface states Junctionless nanowire Morphological operations transistors BT: Image processing RT: Topology MOSFET circuits

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UF: Metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Motion detection BT: Circuits UF: Motion sensors FET circuits BT: Signal detection RT: Active inductors RT: Alarm systems Linearization techniques Corner detection Operational amplifiers Image motion analysis Power dissipation Image sensors Rail to rail amplifiers Infrared detectors Rail to rail operation Mobile robots Threshold voltage Motion control NT: CMOSFET circuits Surveillance MOS integrated circuits Video signal processing Power MOSFET Video surveillance

MOSHFETs Motion estimation UF: Metal oxide semiconductor BT: Parameter estimation heterojunction FETs RT: Object tracking BT: Field effect transistors Motion measurement Motion analysis BT: Mechanical variables BT: Robot kinematics measurement NT: Active contours RT: Doppler measurement Motion segmentation Gaze tracking Robot localization Velocity measurement NT: Tracking Motion artifacts Tribology BT: Biomedical image processing Motion pictures Video signal processing UF: Cinema Films (Motion pictures) Motion compensation Movies BT: Control systems BT: Broadcasting RT: Image communication RT: Cameras Cinematography Motion control Entertainment industry BT: Mechanical variables Imaging control Optical projectors RT: Aerospace control Legged locomotion Motion planning Manipulators BT: Motion control Mobile robots RT: Navigation Motion detection Robot control Motor coordination Servosystems Motion segmentation Structure from motion BT: Motion analysis Trajectory Trajectory tracking Motion sensors Velocity control USE: Motion detection NT: Collision avoidance Collision mitigation Motor control Kinetic theory USE: Motor drives Motion planning Path planning Motor coordination Visual servoing BT: Kinematics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 333 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Motion control NT: Teeth Paralysis Movies Motor drives USE: Motion pictures UF: Motor control BT: Drives Moving object databases RT: Industrial control USE: Visual databases Mechanical variables control Moving picture experts group Motors USE: MPEG standards Sensorless control Servosystems Moving Pictures Experts Group Torque control BT: IEC Variable speed drives ISO Velocity control Voltage control MP3 USE: Digital audio players AND Motorbikes Portable media players USE: Motorcycles MPEG Motorcycles USE: Transform coding UF: Mopeds Motorbikes MPEG 1 Standard Scooters BT: MPEG standards BT: Road vehicles MPEG 2 Standard Motors BT: MPEG standards BT: Energy conversion Machinery MPEG 4 Standard RT: Coils UF: MPEG4 Motor drives BT: MPEG standards Sensorless control RT: Digital multimedia NT: AC motors broadcasting Brushless motors High efficiency video coding Commutation Streaming media DC motors Vector quantization Electric motors Video codecs Hysteresis motors Video coding Induction motors Video signal processing Micromotors Permanent magnet motors MPEG 7 Standard Servomotors UF: MPEG7 Traction motors BT: MPEG standards Universal motors RT: Audio coding Content management Moulding equipment Digital multimedia USE: Molding equipment broadcasting Multimedia communication Mouse Multimedia systems USE: Mice MPEG standards Mouth UF: Moving picture experts BT: Digestive system group Head BT: IEC Standards RT: Stomatognathic system ISO Standards This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 334 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Digital multimedia Multiagent models broadcasting Multiagent systems Image coding BT: Adaptive systems Streaming media RT: Agent-based modeling Transform coding Autonomous vehicles Video codecs System analysis and design Video coding Vehicular automation Video signal processing NT: Collaborative intelligence NT: MPEG 1 Standard MPEG 2 Standard Multi-attribute optimization MPEG 4 Standard USE: Pareto optimization MPEG 7 Standard Multi-carrier code division multiple access MPEG4 USE: Multicarrier code division USE: MPEG 4 Standard multiple access

MPEG7 Multi-casting USE: MPEG 7 Standard USE: Multicast communication

MPLS Multi-core processing USE: Multiprotocol label USE: Multicore processing switching Multi-core processors MPPT USE: Multicore processing USE: Maximum power point trackers Multi-factor authentication BT: Access control MRI Authentication USE: Magnetic resonance imaging Multi-hop USE: Spread spectrum MRP communication USE: Materials requirements planning Multi-layer neural network UF: MNN Mud BT: Neural networks USE: Sediments Multi-level converters Mufflers USE: Multilevel converters USE: Exhaust systems Multi-level inverters Multi modal integration USE: Multilevel inverters USE: Multisensory integration Multi-level invertors Multi sensory integration USE: Multilevel inverters USE: Multisensory integration Multi-modal sensors Multi stage noise shaping USE: Multimodal sensors USE: Multi-stage noise shaping Multi-objective programming Multi-agent models USE: Pareto optimization USE: Multi-agent systems Multi-resolution Multi-agent systems USE: Multiresolution analysis UF: Multi-agent models This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 335 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Multi-robot systems Frequency division UF: Multirobot systems multiaccess BT: Robotics and automation Multicarrier code division NT: Swarm robotics multiple access Subscriber loops Multi-stage noise shaping Time division multiple UF: MASH access Multi stage noise shaping Time division synchronous Multistage noise shaping code division multiple access BT: Noise shaping Zero correlation zone

Multi-threaded comput* Multiaccess systems USE: Multithreading USE: Multiaccess communication

Multi-threaded systems Multiagent models USE: Program processors USE: Multi-agent systems

Multi-threading systems Multiagent systems USE: Program processors USE: Multi-agent systems

Multi-user channels Multicarrier code division multiple access USE: Multiuser channels UF: MC-CDMA MCCDMA Multi-user detection Multi-carrier code division USE: Multiuser detection multiple access BT: Multiaccess communication Multi-vibrators RT: Code division multiplexing USE: Multivibrators Communication channels OFDM Multiaccess communication Protocols UF: CDMA Spread spectrum CSMA communication Carrier sense multiaccess Telecommunications Code division multiaccess Time division synchronous Code division multiple code division multiple access access Code-division multiple Multicast algorithms access BT: Algorithms Code-division multiple- access Multicast communication Multiaccess systems UF: Multi-casting Random access Multicasting communication BT: Communication systems BT: Cellular technology RT: Ad hoc networks Communication systems Multicast protocols RT: 3G mobile communication Optical wavelength Delay estimation conversion Multiplexing Routing OFDM Telecommunications Telecommunications Wavelength division Viterbi algorithm multiplexing NT: Access charges NT: Multicast VPN Direct-sequence code- division multiple access Multicast protocols BT: Protocols This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 336 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Internet BT: Feedforward neural Multicast communication networks Routing protocols Multilayers Multicast VPN USE: Nonhomogeneous media BT: Multicast communication Multileaf collimators Multicasting USE: Collimators USE: Multicast communication Multilevel converters Multichip modules UF: Modular multi-level BT: Integrated circuit packaging converters Packaging Modular multilevel converters Multiconductor transmission lines Multi-level converters BT: Transmission lines BT: Converters RT: Coupled mode analysis Multilevel fast multipole algorithm Multicore USE: MLFMA USE: Multicore processing Multilevel inverters Multicore processing UF: Multi-level inverters UF: Many core processing Multi-level invertors Many core systems Multilevel invertors Multi-core processing BT: Inverters Multi-core processors Multicore Multilevel invertors BT: Parallel architectures USE: Multilevel inverters NT: Embedded multicore processing Multilevel systems Manycore processors BT: Hierarchical systems

Multidimensional signal processing Multilinear systems BT: Signal processing USE: Nonlinear systems RT: Image processing NT: Video signal processing Multimedia communication BT: Communication systems Multidimensional systems Multimedia systems BT: Systems engineering and RT: B-ISDN theory Broadband communication Diffserv networks Multifilamentary superconductors Digital multimedia BT: Superconducting materials broadcasting Huffman coding Multifrequency antennas IEEE 802.16 Standard BT: Antennas ISDN Intserv networks Multigrid methods Journalism BT: Numerical analysis MPEG 7 Standard Multimedia computing Multihop Streaming media USE: Spread spectrum Transcoding communication NT: Hypermedia

Multilayer perceptrons Multimedia computing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 337 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Multimedia systems USE: Multisensory integration RT: Audio user interfaces Collaborative work Multimodal sensing Computer graphics USE: Multimodal sensors Computers and information processing Multimodal sensors Content management UF: Multi-modal sensors Information systems Multimodal sensing Multimedia communication BT: Sensors Multimedia databases RT: Sensor fusion Video sequences NT: Multimedia Web sites Multiobjective programming USE: Pareto optimization Multimedia databases BT: Database systems Multipath channels Databases BT: Communication channels Multimedia systems RT: Channel estimation RT: Audio databases Diversity methods Huffman coding Fading channels Multimedia computing MIMO communication Meteorological factors Multimedia products Multiuser detection USE: Videos Radio propagation Terrain factors Multimedia systems Ultra wideband BT: Consumer electronics communication RT: Authoring systems Electronic publishing Multiple access interference Huffman coding BT: OFDM MPEG 7 Standard Mixed reality Multiple antenna systems NT: Multimedia communication USE: MIMO communication Multimedia computing Multimedia databases Multiple input multiple output USE: MIMO communication Multimedia Web sites UF: Dailymotion Multiple input multiple output systems Flickr USE: MIMO communication Image sharing Web sites Instagram multiple input single-output Media sharing Web sites USE: MISO communication Photo sharing Web sites Pinterest Multiple sclerosis Snapchat BT: Diseases Video sharing Web sites Vimeo Multiple signal classification Youtube UF: MUSIC BT: Multimedia computing BT: Noise measurement Web sites RT: Social networking (online) Multiple-input multiple-output Streaming media USE: MIMO communication Video on demand Video sharing Multiple-input multiple-output systems USE: MIMO communication Multimodal integration This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 338 2021 IEEE Thesaurus multiple-input single output USE: MISO communication Multiprocessor interconnection UF: Interconnection networks multiple-input single-output Parallel processor USE: MISO communication interconnection BT: Computer architecture Multiple-input-multiple-output RT: Computer networks USE: MIMO communication Data communication Local area networks Multiplexed Metropolitan area networks USE: Multiplexing Wide area networks NT: Hypercubes Multiplexing UF: Multiplexed Multiprocessor interconnection networks BT: Communications BT: Computer networks technology RT: Arrayed waveguide gratings Multiprocessor scheduling Multiaccess communication USE: Processor scheduling NT: Code division multiplexing Demultiplexing Multiprotocol label switching Frequency division UF: Label swapping multiplexing MPLS Layered division BT: Communication switching multiplexing Packet switching Multiplexing equipment Protocols OFDM RT: Asynchronous transfer Space division multiplexing mode Time division multiplexing Internet Wavelength division Routing protocols multiplexing Multiresolution analysis Multiplexing equipment UF: Multi-resolution BT: Multiplexing BT: Wavelet analysis RT: Communication equipment NT: Add-drop multiplexers Multirobot systems USE: Multi-robot systems Multiplying circuits BT: Circuits Multisensor systems RT: Digital integrated circuits BT: Sensor fusion Logic circuits RT: Robot sensing systems

Multiprocessing systems Multisensory integration BT: Parallel processing UF: Multi modal integration RT: AI accelerators Multi sensory integration Computer networks Multimodal integration Computers and information BT: Sense organs processing Concurrency control Multiskilling Distributed computing UF: Job rotation Parallel languages BT: Human resource Parallel programming management Pipeline processing RT: Industrial training NT: Data flow computing Job specification Processor scheduling Vocational training Systolic arrays This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 339 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Multispectral imaging Multivibrators BT: Imaging UF: Multi-vibrators BT: Electronic circuits Multistage noise shaping USE: Multi-stage noise shaping Multiwave mixing BT: Optical mixing Multistatic radar BT: Radar Munitions NT: MIMO radar USE: Weapons

Multitasking Muon colliders BT: Computers and information UF: Muon sources processing BT: Colliding beam devices NT: Parametric study RT: Luminescence Luminescent devices Multithreaded systems Storage rings USE: Program processors Muon sources Multithreading USE: Muon colliders UF: Multi-threaded comput* Multithreading comput* Muons BT: Parallel processing USE: Mesons

Multithreading comput* Muscles USE: Multithreading BT: Musculoskeletal system NT: Myocardium Multithreading systems Neuromuscular USE: Program processors Musculoskeletal system Multiuser channels BT: Anatomy UF: Multi-user channels NT: Cartilage BT: Communication channels Fascia Ligaments Multiuser detection Muscles UF: Multi-user detection Skeleton BT: Signal detection Tendons RT: Cellular radio Land mobile radio MUSIC Mobile communication USE: Multiple signal classification Multipath channels Spread spectrum Music communication UF: Computer music Musical Multivalued logic BT: Acoustics UF: Many valued logic RT: Audio systems Ternary logic White noise BT: Logic NT: Computer generated music RT: Logic functions Electronic music Musical instrument digital Multivariable systems interfaces USE: MIMO communication Rhythm Timbre Multivariate regression BT: Regression analysis Music information retrieval BT: Information retrieval This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 340 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Cepstral analysis BT: Social networking (online) Video sharing Music recommendation Web sites USE: Recommender systems NACE International Musical UF: National Association of USE: Music Corrosion Engineers BT: Standards organizations Musical instrument digital interfaces UF: MDDI NACE Standards BT: Computer interfaces BT: Standards publications Music RT: Digital communication Nails BT: Integumentary system Must carry USE: Must-carry Naive Bayes algorithms USE: Naive Bayes methods Must-carry UF: Must carry Naive Bayes classification BT: Cable TV USE: Naive Bayes methods Government policies RT: Licenses Naive Bayes classifiers TV USE: Naive Bayes methods

Mutual conductance Naive Bayes methods USE: Transconductance UF: Naive Bayes algorithms Naive Bayes classification Mutual coupling Naive Bayes classifiers BT: Electromagnetic coupling BT: Bayes methods Learning (artificial Mutual funds intelligence) BT: Financial management Pattern classification RT: Data mining Mutual information Machine learning UF: Transinformation Probability BT: Information theory Supervised learning Support vector machines Myelin Text analysis BT: Nerve fibers RT: Axons Nakagami distribution BT: Probability distribution Myocardial USE: Myocardium NAND flash USE: Flash memories Myocardium UF: Myocardial Nano biophotonics BT: Muscles USE: Nanobiophotonics

Myopia Nano communication USE: Vision defects USE: Nanocommunication (telecommunication) Myspace USE: Social networking (online) Nano devices USE: Nanoscale devices MySpace This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 341 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Nano generators BT: Nanoscale devices USE: Nanogenerators RT: Enhanced magnetoresistance Nano packaging Magnetoresistance USE: Nanopackaging Nanoelectronics Nanowires Nano ribbons USE: Nanoribbons Nanocrystal USE: Nanocrystals Nanoactuators USE: Actuators AND Nanocrystals Nanoelectronics UF: Nanocrystal BT: Crystalline materials Nanobiophotonics Nanoparticles UF: Nano biophotonics RT: Quantum dots BT: Nanobiotechnology NT: Colloidal nanocrystals Photonics RT: Biomedical imaging Nanodevices Biosensors USE: Nanoscale devices Lasers Nanoparticles Nanoelectromechanical systems Nanoscale devices UF: NEMS BT: Nanotechnology Nanobioscience RT: Microelectromechanical BT: Biology systems Nanotechnology RT: Colloidal lithography Nanoelectronics Nanofluidics UF: Nanoactuators NT: DNA computing BT: Nanotechnology Nanobiotechnology RT: Graphene devices Molecular electronics Nanobiotechnology Nanocontacts BT: Nanobioscience NT: Junctionless nanowire RT: Nanomedicine transistors NT: Nanobiophotonics Nanofabrication Nanocarriers BT: Nanotechnology BT: Nanomaterials RT: Drug delivery Nanofiltration USE: Filtration Nanocommunication (telecommunication) UF: Nano communication Nanofluidics BT: Communication systems UF: Nanofluids Nanotechnology BT: Fluidics RT: Biomedical communication Nanotechnology Molecular communication RT: Nanobioscience (telecommunication) Wireless networks Nanofluids Wireless sensor networks USE: Nanofluidics

Nanocomposites Nanogenerators BT: Nanostructured materials UF: Nano generators RT: Metamaterials BT: Energy harvesting RT: Electric generators Nanocontacts Low-power electronics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 342 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Micromechanical devices Nanotopography Nanowires Soft lithography Piezoelectric devices NT: Colloidal lithography Triboelectricity Vibrations Nanophotonics BT: Nanotechnology Nanoimprint lithography Photonics USE: Nanolithography Nanoporous materials Nanolithography BT: Nanostructured materials UF: Nanoimprint lithography BT: Lithography Nanopositioning Nanotechnology BT: Nanotechnology RT: Nanopatterning Position control Soft lithography Nanopowders Nanomaterials USE: Nanoparticles BT: Nanotechnology RT: Nanopackaging Nanoribbons NT: Nanocarriers UF: Nano ribbons BT: Nanostructures Nanomedicine BT: Biomedical monitoring Nanosatellites Medical diagnosis USE: Small satellites RT: Cellular biophysics Mechanobiology Nanoscale devices Nanobiotechnology UF: Nano devices Nanoparticles Nanodevices BT: Nanotechnology Nanometers RT: Nanobiophotonics UF: Millimicron Single electron devices Nanometres NT: Nanocontacts BT: Measurement units Nanotube devices

Nanometres Nanosensors USE: Nanometers BT: Nanotechnology Sensors Nanopackaging RT: Biomedical equipment UF: Nano packaging Nanoparticles BT: Nanotechnology Nanostructures Packaging RT: Nanomaterials Nanostructured materials UF: Core-shelf nanostructures Nanoparticles BT: Materials UF: Nanopowders Nanotechnology BT: Nanostructures NT: Nanocomposites RT: Nanobiophotonics Nanoporous materials Nanomedicine Nanosensors Nanostructures NT: Magnetic nanoparticles BT: Nanotechnology Nanocrystals RT: Nanosensors NT: Nanoparticles Nanopatterning Nanoribbons BT: Nanotechnology Nanotubes RT: Nanolithography Nanowires This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 343 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Semiconductor Nanowires nanostructures BT: Nanostructures RT: Junctionless nanowire Nanotechnology transistors RT: Atomic force microscopy Nanocontacts Epitaxial growth Nanogenerators Fluidics Wires Lithography Microfabrication Narrowband Nanotube devices BT: Bandwidth Power dissipation Communication systems Quantum mechanics RT: Wideband Semiconductor device manufacture NASA Single electron devices UF: National Aeronautics & Very large scale integration Space Administration NT: Bionanotechnology National Aeronautics and Casimir effect Space Administration Molecular computing BT: US Government agencies Molecular electronics RT: Space exploration Nanobioscience Space missions Nanocommunication Space technology (telecommunication) Nanoelectromechanical Nash equilibrium systems BT: Game theory Nanoelectronics Nanofabrication National Aeronautics & Space Administration Nanofluidics USE: NASA Nanolithography Nanomaterials National Aeronautics and Space Administration Nanopackaging USE: NASA Nanopatterning Nanophotonics National Association of Corrosion Engineers Nanopositioning USE: NACE International Nanoscale devices Nanosensors National Bureau of Standards Nanostructured materials USE: NIST Nanostructures Self-assembly National Electric Code Self-replicating machines UF: National electric safety code Nanotopography BT: ANSI Standards BT: Surface topography RT: Colloidal lithography National electric safety code Nanopatterning USE: National Electric Code

Nanotube devices National Fire Protection Agency BT: Nanoscale devices USE: NFPA RT: Nanotechnology National Fire Protection Association Nanotubes USE: NFPA BT: Nanostructures NT: Carbon nanotubes National Institute of Standards & Technology Semiconductor nanotubes USE: NIST

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National Institute of Standards and Technology Semantics USE: NIST Semiotics Syntactics National Institutes of Health NT: Chatbot UF: NIH Machine translation BT: US Department of Health Morphology and Human Services Sentiment analysis Tokenization National security BT: Terrorism Natural languages RT: Control system security UF: Natural speech Cyber warfare BT: Systems, man, and cybernetics National Society Agreement awards RT: Artificial intelligence BT: IEEE Awards activities Computer languages NT: Linguistics National Telecommunications and Information Natural language Administration processing USE: NTIA Natural response National vocational qualification USE: Transient response USE: Vocational training Natural speech Natural fibers USE: Natural languages UF: Natural fibres BT: Textile fibers Navier-Stokes equations RT: Cotton BT: Differential equations Wool Fluid dynamics NT: Bamboo RT: Finite volume methods Viscosity Natural fibres USE: Natural fibers Navigation UF: Direction-finding Natural gas Geomagnetic navigation BT: Fossil fuels BT: Intelligent transportation RT: Energy resources systems Fracking Vehicular and wireless Gases technologies Natural gas industry RT: Compass NT: Liquefied natural gas Ground support Methane Location awareness Motion planning Natural gas industry Position measurement BT: Industries Sensor systems RT: Natural gas NT: Aircraft navigation Petroleum industry Course correction Pipelines Dead reckoning Indoor navigation Natural language processing Inertial navigation UF: NLP Marine navigation BT: Natural languages Radio navigation RT: Phonetics Satellite navigation systems Pragmatics Sonar navigation Semantic search Semantic technology Nb This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 345 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Niobium Nearfield communication Nb3Sn USE: Near field communication USE: Niobium-tin Neck NBS BT: Body regions USE: NIST Needles NBTI BT: Mechanical products USE: Negative bias temperature RT: Biomedical equipment instability Textile machinery

NC machines Negative bias temperature instability USE: Computer numerical control UF: NBTI BT: MOS devices Nd USE: Neodymium Negative feedback BT: Feedback Near field communication UF: NFC Negative feedback amplifier Nearfield communication USE: Feedback amplifiers BT: Communication standards Radio communication Negative feedback loops RT: Magnetic communication BT: Feedback loop NT: Mobile communication NEMA Near field radiation pattern BT: Standards organizations USE: Near-field radiation pattern NEMS Near-field radiation pattern USE: Nanoelectromechanical UF: Near field radiation pattern systems BT: Antenna radiation patterns Neodymium Nearest neighbor methods UF: Nd UF: K-NN methods BT: Metals Nearest neighbor searches NT: Neodymium alloys Nearest neighbour methods Neodymium compounds k neighbor methods k neighbour methods Neodymium alloys BT: Learning (artificial BT: Neodymium intelligence) RT: Alloying Nonparametric statistics Pattern recognition Neodymium compounds RT: Data mining BT: Neodymium Pattern classification Pattern clustering Neon Regression analysis BT: Chemical elements Search methods Statistical analysis Neonatology BT: Medical specialties Nearest neighbor searches RT: Pediatrics USE: Nearest neighbor methods Neoplasia Nearest neighbour methods USE: Neoplasms USE: Nearest neighbor methods This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 346 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Neoplasms Spine UF: Neoplasia Synapses BT: Biological tissues NT: Breast neoplasms Net neutrality Liver neoplasms USE: Network neutrality Lung neoplasms Skin neoplasms Network address translation BT: Computer network Nephrolithiasis management USE: Kidney stones Network analyzers Neptunium BT: Instruments BT: Chemical elements Network architecture Nerve cells BT: Network topology USE: Neurons Telecommunication network management Nerve endings NT: Active networking BT: Nervous system Information-centric networking Nerve fibers Network function BT: Neurons virtualization NT: Axons Network slicing Myelin Network coding Nerve tissues BT: Information theory BT: Nervous system RT: Network security

Nervous system Network control systems BT: Anatomy USE: Networked control systems RT: Bioelectric phenomena Computational Network function virtualization neuroscience UF: NFV Neural networks BT: Computer networks Neurological diseases Network architecture Neurology RT: Application virtualization Neuromuscular stimulation Cloud computing Neuropathology Intrusion detection NT: Autonomic nervous system Servers Brain Software defined Brain mapping networking Central nervous system NT: Cloud radio access Cranial networks Ganglia Glial cells Network interfaces Nerve endings BT: Interface phenomena Nerve tissues RT: Interface management Neural pathways Neuroanatomy Network intrusion Neurons BT: Data breach Neuroradiology RT: Data security Neuroscience Network security Peripheral nervous system Privacy Pituitary gland NT: Network intrusion detection Spinal cord This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 347 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Network intrusion detection BT: Systems engineering and BT: Intrusion detection theory Network intrusion NT: DC distribution systems

Network location awareness Network theory (graphs) BT: Location awareness BT: Computer science Mathematics Network neutrality Physics UF: Internet neutrality RT: Social sciences Net neutrality BT: Telecommunication Network throughput network management USE: Throughput

Network of workstations Network topology USE: Cluster computing BT: Communications technology Network operating systems RT: Overlay networks BT: Operating systems Telecommunication RT: Software defined network topology networking NT: Complex networks NT: Autonomic systems Computer network reliability Network architecture Network reconnaissance UF: Footprinting Network traffic BT: Network security USE: Telecommunication traffic

Network resource management Network-on-a-chip UF: Dynamic service delivery USE: Network-on-chip BT: Resource management Telecommunication Network-on-chip network management UF: Network-on-a-chip RT: Cellular radio BT: System-on-chip Mobile communication NT: Intercell interference Networked control systems UF: Network control systems Network security BT: Control systems BT: Computer networks RT: Real-time systems Security System of systems RT: Communication networks Network coding Neural activity Network intrusion UF: Neural oscillation NT: Network reconnaissance BT: Brain

Network servers Neural chips BT: Computer networks USE: Neural network hardware

Network slicing Neural circuits BT: Network architecture BT: Circuits RT: Augmented reality Neural engineering RT: Neurons Network synthesis BT: Computer network Neural engineering management UF: Neuro engineering Neuroengineering Network systems BT: Biomedical engineering This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 348 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Brain-computer interfaces Biological neural networks Intracranial pressure Cellular neural networks sensors Feedforward neural NT: Neural circuits networks Neural microtechnology Graph neural networks Neural nanotechnology Multi-layer neural network Neural prosthesis Neural network hardware Radial basis function Neural implants networks UF: Brain implants Recurrent neural networks BT: Brain Implants Neural oscillation RT: Deep brain stimulation USE: Neural activity

Neural microtechnology Neural pathways BT: Neural engineering BT: Nervous system

Neural nanotechnology Neural prostheses BT: Neural engineering USE: Prosthetics

Neural nets Neural prosthesis USE: Neural networks BT: Neural engineering

Neural network hardware Neurites UF: Neural chips UF: Neuronal process BT: Neural networks BT: Neurons RT: AI accelerators Analog integrated circuits Neuro engineering Integrated circuits USE: Neural engineering Neurocontrollers Neuro fuzzy networks Neural networks USE: Fuzzy neural networks UF: Neural nets Wavelet neural networks Neuro imaging BT: Computational and artificial USE: Neuroimaging intelligence RT: AI accelerators Neuro transmitters Adaptive systems USE: Neurotransmitters Artificial intelligence Associative memory Neuro-feedback Backpropagation USE: Neurofeedback Bio-inspired computing Cybernetics Neuro-fuzzy networks Deep architecture USE: Fuzzy neural networks Dynamic programming Fuzzy cognitive maps Neuro-imaging Generative adversarial USE: Neuroimaging networks Nervous system Neuro-transmitters Neurophysiology USE: Neurotransmitters Nonlinear dynamical systems Neuroanatomy Pattern classification BT: Anatomy Systems neuroscience Nervous system NT: Artificial neural networks This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 349 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Neurocontrollers RT: Control systems BT: Intelligent control NT: Neurostimulation RT: Artificial intelligence Microcontrollers Neuromorphic computing Neural network hardware USE: Neuromorphic engineering

Neurodynamics Neuromorphic engineering BT: Brain UF: Neuromorphic computing RT: Neurophysiology BT: Neuromorphics RT: AI accelerators Neuroengineering Artificial neural networks USE: Neural engineering CMOS integrated circuits Memristors Neurofeedback Neurophysiology UF: Neuro-feedback Synapses BT: Feedback Neuromorphics Neuroglia BT: Very large scale integration USE: Glial cells RT: Analog circuits NT: Neuromorphic engineering Neuroimaging UF: Neuro imaging Neuromuscular Neuro-imaging BT: Muscles BT: Biomedical image processing Neuromuscular stimulation Brain mapping UF: Functional electrical RT: Neuroradiology stimulation NT: Functional neuroimaging BT: Medical treatment RT: Nervous system Neuroinformatics BT: Bioinformatics Neuronal networks Informatics USE: Biological neural networks Neuroscience RT: Analytical models Neuronal process Big Data USE: Neurites Computational modeling Data science Neurone Synapses USE: Neurons

Neurological diseases Neurons UF: Neurological disorders UF: Nerve cells BT: Diseases Neurone RT: Nervous system BT: Nervous system Spinal cord injury RT: Action potentials Membrane potentials Neurological disorders Neural circuits USE: Neurological diseases Synapses NT: Dendrites (neurons) Neurology Nerve fibers BT: Medical specialties Neurites RT: Nervous system Neuromodulation Photoreceptors Neuromodulation Soma BT: Neurons Physiology Neuropathic pain This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 350 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Pain Neurosurgery Neuropathology BT: Surgery BT: Pathology NT: Deep brain stimulation RT: Nervous system Neurotechnology Neurophysiology BT: Brain BT: Brain Technology RT: Biomedical signal processing Neurotransmission Microelectrodes USE: Neurotransmitters Neural networks Neurodynamics Neurotransmitters Neuromorphic engineering UF: Neuro transmitters Science - general Neuro-transmitters NT: Biological neural networks Neurotransmission Neuroplasticity Synaptic transmission BT: Transmitters Neuroplasticity RT: Synapses UF: Brain plasticity Cortical plasticity Neutrino BT: Neurophysiology USE: Neutrino sources

Neuropsychology Neutrino sources BT: Brain UF: Neutrino Psychology Neutrinos BT: Elementary particles Neuroradiology RT: Radioactive materials BT: Nervous system Radiology Neutrinos RT: Electromagnetics USE: Neutrino sources Neuroimaging Neutron beams Neuroscience USE: Particle beams BT: Nervous system Science - general Neutron capture therapy NT: Clinical neuroscience UF: BNCT Cognitive neuroscience Boron neutron capture Computational therapy neuroscience BT: Medical treatment Neuroinformatics RT: Biological effects of Systems neuroscience radiation Transcranial direct current Dosimetry stimulation Transcranial magnetic Neutron radiation effects stimulation BT: Radiation effects

Neurostimulation Neutron scattering BT: Neuromodulation USE: Neutron spin echo RT: Deep brain stimulation Microelectrodes Neutron spin echo NT: Transcranial direct current UF: Neutron scattering stimulation BT: Spectroscopy Transcranial magnetic stimulation Neutrons This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 351 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Elementary particles BT: Computer networks RT: Cosmic rays RT: 3G mobile communication 4G mobile communication New media age 5G mobile communication USE: Information age IP networks Internet New Radio Packet switching BT: 5G mobile communication Pervasive computing Radio access technologies Quality of service RT: 3GPP Telecommunications

Newborns Next generation networks USE: Pediatrics USE: Next generation networking

Newton Fourier method Next-generation networks USE: Newton method USE: Next generation networking

Newton method NFB UF: Newton Fourier method USE: Feedback amplifiers Newton Raphson method Newton's method NFC Newton-Fourier method USE: Near field communication Newton-Raphson method Newtons method NFPA BT: Numerical analysis UF: National Fire Protection RT: Optimization methods Agency Poles and zeros National Fire Protection Association Newton Raphson method BT: Standards organizations USE: Newton method NFV Newton's method USE: Network function USE: Newton method virtualization

Newton-Fourier method NGN USE: Newton method USE: Next generation networking

Newton-Raphson method NGNA USE: Newton method USE: Next generation networking

Newtons method Ni USE: Newton method USE: Nickel

Next generation network architecture Nickel USE: Next generation networking UF: Ni BT: Metals Next generation networking NT: Nickel alloys UF: 21CN Nickel compounds 21st century networks NGN Nickel alloys NGNA BT: Nickel Next generation network RT: Alloying architecture Next generation networks Nickel cadmium batteries Next-generation networks BT: Batteries This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 352 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Silicon nitride Nickel compounds BT: Nickel Nitrogen compounds BT: Nitrogen Night vision NT: Ammonia BT: Infrared imaging RT: Image sensors NLP Military equipment USE: Natural language processing NIH USE: National Institutes of Health nMOSFETs USE: MOSFET Niobium UF: Nb NMR BT: Metals USE: Nuclear magnetic RT: Type II superconductors resonance NT: Niobium alloys Niobium compounds NMR imaging USE: Magnetic resonance Niobium alloys imaging BT: Niobium RT: Alloying Noise NT: Niobium-tin BT: Signal processing RT: Autoregressive processes Niobium compounds Cyclic redundancy check BT: Niobium Distortion Electromagnetic Niobium-tin interference UF: Nb3Sn Interference BT: Niobium alloys Noise generators Superconducting materials Noise measurement Tin alloys Roundoff errors NT: 1/f noise NISO Standards Additive noise BT: Standards publications Colored noise Gaussian noise NIST Laser noise UF: NBS Low-frequency noise National Bureau of Noise cancellation Standards Phase noise National Institute of Signal to noise ratio Standards & Technology Superconducting device National Institute of noise Standards and Technology White noise BT: Standards organizations US Department of Noise abatement Commerce USE: Noise reduction

NIST Standards Noise cancellation BT: Standards publications UF: Noise cancellers BT: Acoustic noise Nitrogen Noise BT: Chemical elements RT: Filtering Gases NT: Nitrogen compounds Noise cancellers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 353 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Noise cancellation USE: Noise measurement

Noise figure NOMA BT: Noise measurement UF: non-orthogonal multiple RT: Signal to noise ratio access BT: Communication systems Noise generators RT: MIMO communication BT: Signal generators OFDM RT: Noise Radio communication

Noise level Non relational databases BT: Acoustic noise USE: NoSQL databases

Noise measurement Non-gyroscopes UF: Noisy USE: Gyroscopes BT: Measurement RT: Distortion measurement non-orthogonal multiple access Electric variables USE: NOMA measurement Noise Non-parametric statistics Packet loss USE: Nonparametric statistics NT: Multiple signal classification Noise figure Non-united-states activities Noise shaping USE: IEEE Professional activities

Noise reduction Non-volatile memory UF: Audio enhancement USE: Nonvolatile memory De-noising Denoising Non-volatile single electron memory Noise abatement USE: Nonvolatile single electron Noise suppression memory BT: Acoustic noise NT: Active noise reduction Non-volatile single-electron memory Noise robustness USE: Nonvolatile single electron Wiener filters memory

Noise robust Nonconductive adhesives USE: Noise robustness BT: Adhesives

Noise robustness Nondestructive testing UF: Noise robust BT: Materials testing BT: Noise reduction RT: Acoustic emission Ultrasonic transducers Noise shaping NT: Magnetic flux leakage UF: Noise-shaping BT: Noise measurement Nondeterministic polynomial-time hard NT: Multi-stage noise shaping USE: NP-hard problem

Noise suppression Nongyroscopes USE: Noise reduction USE: Gyroscopes

Noise-shaping Nonhomogeneous media USE: Noise shaping UF: Composite media Inhomogeneous media Noisy Layered media This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 354 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Multilayers Nonlinear dynamical systems Periodic media UF: Nonlinear dynamics Stratified media BT: Dynamical systems BT: Media Nonlinear systems RT: Random media RT: Chaos Econophysics Noninvasive diagnosis Fuzzy sets USE: Noninvasive treatment Kalman filters Neural networks Noninvasive measurement Pattern formation USE: Noninvasive treatment Possibility theory Predator prey systems Noninvasive surgery Spatiotemporal phenomena USE: Noninvasive treatment Uncertainty

Noninvasive technique Nonlinear dynamics USE: Noninvasive treatment USE: Nonlinear dynamical systems Noninvasive treatment UF: Noninvasive diagnosis Nonlinear equations Noninvasive measurement BT: Equations Noninvasive surgery Mathematics Noninvasive technique RT: Algebra BT: Medical treatment Linear approximation RT: Pulse oximeter Nonlinear systems NT: Embolization Numerical analysis Pulse oximetry NT: Bifurcation

Nonlinear acoustics Nonlinear filters BT: Acoustics BT: Filters RT: Acoustic distortion RT: Detectors Nonlinear wave Phase locked loops propagation Nonlinear magnetics Nonlinear circuits BT: Magnetics BT: Circuits RT: Ferroresonance RT: Chaos Mixers Nonlinear network analysis Power conversion BT: Circuit analysis Rail to rail inputs Nonlinear circuits Rail to rail outputs NT: Nonlinear network analysis Nonlinear optical devices BT: Nonlinear optics Nonlinear control systems RT: Optical detectors BT: Control systems RT: Control nonlinearities Nonlinear optics Piecewise linear techniques BT: Optics RT: Electrooptic effects Nonlinear distortion Pattern formation BT: Distortion Photonic crystals RT: Limiting Thermal lensing Predistortion NT: Fiber nonlinear optics NT: Harmonic distortion Nonlinear optical devices Intermodulation distortion Optical mixing Optical saturation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 355 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Photorefractive effect Nonvolatile single-electron Raman scattering memory Supercontinuum generation BT: Nonvolatile memory

Nonlinear systems Nonvolatile single-electron memory UF: Bilinear systems USE: Nonvolatile single electron Multilinear systems memory BT: Mathematics RT: Control systems Normal distribution Linear approximation USE: Gaussian distribution Manipulators Mobile robots North America Nonlinear equations BT: Continents Robots NT: Chaos North Pole Nonlinear dynamical BT: Arctic systems Nose Nonlinear wave propagation BT: Head BT: Propagation Sense organs RT: Nonlinear acoustics NT: Olfactory

Nonparametric statistics NoSQL databases UF: Non-parametric statistics UF: Non relational databases BT: Statistics Nonrelational databases NT: Nearest neighbor methods BT: Database systems RT: Big Data Nonrelational databases Data structures USE: NoSQL databases Data warehouses Distributed databases Nonuniform electric fields Linked data BT: Electric fields Query processing

Nonuniform sampling Notch filters BT: Sampling methods UF: Band-stop filters BT: Filters Nonuniform transmission lines USE: Distributed parameter Notice of Violation circuits BT: IEEE publications RT: Intellectual property Nonvolatile memories Plagiarism USE: Nonvolatile memory NP hard problem Nonvolatile memory USE: NP-hard problem UF: Non-volatile memory Nonvolatile memories NP-C BT: Memory USE: NP-complete problem NT: Nonvolatile single electron memory NP-complete problem UF: NP-C Nonvolatile single electron memory BT: Complexity theory UF: Non-volatile single electron memory NP-hard problem Non-volatile single-electron UF: NP hard problem memory This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 356 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Nondeterministic polynomial-time hard Nuclear energy BT: Complexity theory USE: Nuclear power generation NT: Traveling salesman problems Nuclear facility licensing USE: Nuclear facility regulation NTIA UF: National Nuclear facility regulation Telecommunications and Information UF: Licensing (nuclear facilities) Administration Nuclear facility licensing BT: US Department of BT: Power industry Commerce RT: Radioactive waste

Nuclear and plasma sciences Nuclear fission NT: Biomedical applications of USE: Fission reactors radiation Colliding beam devices Nuclear fuels Electron emission BT: Energy resources Elementary particles Fuels Fusion power generation Radioactive materials Fusion reactors RT: Nuclear power generation Gamma-rays Radioactive waste Gas discharge devices High energy physics Nuclear imaging instrumentation computing UF: Gamma-ray imaging Ion beam applications BT: Imaging Nuclear electronics Nuclear and plasma Nuclear imaging sciences Nuclear medicine RT: Nuclear medicine Nuclear physics Radiography Particle accelerators NT: Energy resolution Particle beam handling Ion emission Particle beam injection Plasmas Nuclear magnetic resonance Radiation effects UF: NMR Radiation hardening BT: Magnetic resonance (electronics) Radiation monitoring Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging Radiation safety USE: Magnetic resonance Reactor instrumentation imaging Scintillation counters Thermionic emission Nuclear measurements BT: Measurement Nuclear batteries RT: Atomic measurements USE: Atomic batteries CAMAC Fastbus Nuclear bombs Position sensitive particle USE: Nuclear weapons detectors Radiation detectors Nuclear electronics Spectroscopy BT: Nuclear and plasma NT: Particle tracking sciences RT: FET circuits Nuclear medicine High energy physics BT: Engineering in medicine instrumentation computing and biology This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 357 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Nuclear and plasma BT: Nuclear physics sciences RT: Elementary particles RT: Energy resolution Entropy Gamma-rays Nuclear phase Nuclear imaging transformations Positron emission Phase change materials tomography Nuclear wastes Nuclear phase transformations USE: Radioactive pollution UF: Nuclear phase transitions Phase transformations, Nuclear weapons nuclear UF: Nuclear bombs Phase transitions, nuclear BT: Weapons BT: Nuclear physics RT: Nuclear thermodynamics Null space BT: Kernel Nuclear phase transitions USE: Nuclear phase Null value transformations UF: Nullvalue BT: Data structures Nuclear physics RT: Programming BT: Nuclear and plasma sciences Nullvalue RT: Hafnium USE: Null value NT: Alpha particles Beta rays Number portability Ignition BT: Telecommunication Ion sources services Isotopes Nuclear phase Numerical analysis transformations BT: Mathematics Nuclear thermodynamics RT: Convolution Relativistic effects Deconvolution Difference equations Nuclear Power Generating Stations Differential equations USE: Nuclear power generation Error analysis Integral equations Nuclear power generation Inverse problems UF: Atomic energy Matlab Nuclear Power Generating Nonlinear equations Stations Numerical models Nuclear energy Transforms BT: Power generation NT: Adaptive mesh refinement RT: Nuclear fuels Approximation methods NT: Atomic batteries Convergence of numerical Fission reactors methods Fusion power generation Finite difference methods Finite element analysis Nuclear reactors (fission) Finite volume methods USE: Fission reactors Gradient methods Independent component Nuclear reactors (fusion) analysis USE: Fusion reactors Iterative methods Least squares Nuclear thermodynamics approximations This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 358 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Method of moments BT: Image analysis Mode matching methods RT: Image matching Multigrid methods Internet of Things Newton method Magnetic anomaly Numerical simulation detection Numerical stability Magnetic anomaly Relaxation methods detectors Sparse matrices Robot vision systems Splines (mathematics) NT: Buried object detection Surface fitting Time difference of arrival Symmetric matrices Transmission line matrix Object oriented databases methods BT: Database systems Databases Numerical models RT: Object oriented methods BT: Modeling RT: Numerical analysis Object oriented methods BT: Programming Numerical simulation RT: Object oriented databases BT: Numerical analysis Object oriented RT: Modeling programming Plasma simulation Simulation Object oriented modeling BT: Modeling Numerical stability BT: Numerical analysis Object oriented programming RT: Algorithms UF: Object-oriented programming Nursing BT: Programming USE: Medical services RT: C languages C# languages Nuts (fasteners) Object oriented methods USE: Fasteners Python Software libraries NVQ Software reusability USE: Vocational training NT: Dispatching

Nylon fiber Object recognition USE: Synthetic fibers UF: Image object recognition BT: Machine vision O-rings RT: Image matching USE: Structural rings Image recognition Object tracking OATS Robot vision systems USE: Open area test sites NT: Affordances Target recognition Obesity BT: Medical conditions Object segmentation BT: Machine vision Obituaries NT: Subspace constraints BT: IEEE indexing Object tracking Object detection BT: Tracking UF: Image object detection RT: Cinematography Target detection Image motion analysis This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 359 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Image segmentation Medical treatment Motion estimation Occupational health Object recognition Trajectory Occupational pensions Video signal processing USE: Pensions

Object-oriented programming Occupational safety USE: Object oriented UF: OSHA programming BT: Health and safety RT: Accidents Observability Domestic safety BT: Control theory Electric shock Employee welfare Observatories Eye protection BT: Astronomy Industrial accidents RT: Telescopes Occupational health Protection Observers Protective clothing BT: State estimation Radioactive materials RT: Machine vision Risk analysis NT: Disturbance observers Working environment noise Earth Observing System Occupational stress Obstacle avoidance BT: Occupational health USE: Collision avoidance RT: Employee welfare Hazards Occipital Lobe BT: Brain OCDM USE: Code division multiplexing Occupational health UF: Health (occupational) Ocean animals BT: Health and safety USE: Marine animals RT: Accidents Biological effects of Ocean circulation radiation BT: Oceanography Domestic safety RT: Ocean waves Electric shock Sea level Employee welfare Tides Environmental factors Ergonomics Ocean composition Eye protection USE: Oceans Occupational medicine Occupational safety Ocean salinity Pollution BT: Oceans Protective clothing RT: Salinity (geophysical) Radioactive materials NT: SMOS mission Risk analysis Safety Ocean technology Toxicology USE: Marine technology Working environment noise NT: Occupational stress Ocean temperature UF: Sea surface temperature Occupational medicine BT: Oceanic engineering and BT: Medical services marine technology RT: Medical diagnosis Oceans This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 360 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Global warming Land surface temperature OCR USE: Optical character Ocean vegetation recognition software USE: Marine vegetation Octrees Ocean waves BT: Data structures BT: Hydrology RT: Ocean circulation OFDM NT: Sea state UF: Orthogonal frequency Wave power division multiple access Orthogonal frequency Oceanic engineering and marine technology division multiplexing NT: Marine navigation BT: Multiplexing Marine technology RT: 3G mobile communication Ocean temperature Acoustic communication Oceanographic techniques (telecommunication) Water pollution Communication channels Digital signal processing Oceanographic techniques MIMO communication BT: Oceanic engineering and Modulation marine technology Multiaccess communication RT: Acoustic imaging Multicarrier code division Hydrologic measurements multiple access Radar applications NOMA Remote sensing NT: Multiple access interference OFDM modulation Oceanography Partial transmit sequences UF: Marine science Peak to average power Oceanology ratio BT: Geoscience RT: Marine robots OFDM modulation Oceans BT: OFDM NT: Ocean circulation OFETs Oceanology UF: Organic FETS USE: Oceanography Organic field effect transistors Oceans Organic field-effect UF: Ocean composition transistors Planetary oceans BT: Field effect transistors BT: Geoscience RT: Geophysics Office automation Marine technology BT: Automation Oceanography RT: Bring your own device Sea ice Communication systems Sea measurements Data communication Water Desktop publishing NT: Ocean salinity Document handling Ocean temperature Electronic mail Sea coast Information systems Sea floor Local area networks Sea level Microcomputers Sea surface Teleconferencing Tides Text processing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 361 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Unsolicited e-mail BT: Insulation Voice mail RT: Oils NT: Workflow management NT: Oil filled cables software Oil platforms Offshore distribution systems USE: Offshore installations USE: Offshore installations Oil pollution Offshore installations BT: Pollution UF: Gas platforms RT: Accidents Offshore distribution Land pollution systems Marine pollution Offshore power plants Oils Oil platforms Petroleum BT: Structural engineering Petroleum industry RT: Oil drilling Petroleum industry Oil refineries Power industry BT: Petroleum industry

Offshore power plants Oil sands USE: Offshore installations USE: Hydrocarbons

OGC Oil shale USE: Open Geospatial USE: Hydrocarbons Consortium Oil tanks Ohmic contacts USE: Fuel storage BT: Contacts RT: Linear circuits Oiling (lubrication) USE: Lubricating oils Ohmmeters USE: Electrical resistance Oils measurement BT: Materials RT: Engines Oil drilling Fats UF: Drilling oil Fluids BT: Petroleum industry Fractionation RT: Drilling Fuel processing industries Fuel processing industries Insulation Offshore installations Marine pollution Technology Mechanical factors Well logging Mechanical power transmission Oil filled cables Oil insulation BT: Oil insulation Oil pollution RT: Cable insulation Petroleum Petroleum industry Oil filters Pipelines USE: Lubricating oils Water pollution NT: Lubricating oils Oil industry Vegetable oils USE: Petroleum industry OLED Oil insulation USE: Organic light emitting UF: diodes This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 362 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Otologic surgery Olfactory Surgery oncology BT: Nose BT: Surgery RT: Cancer Olfactory bulb Oncology BT: Forebrain Sense organs Oncology BT: Medical specialties Oligopoly RT: Cancer BT: Economics Chemotherapy RT: Game theory Oncological surgery Microeconomics Tumors

Omnidirectional antennas Online banking BT: Antennas UF: Digital currency E-banking On board unit E-currency BT: Communication equipment Electronic banking RT: Dedicated short range Electronic currency communication Internet banking Vehicle-to-everything Mobile payment Virtual currency On demand software BT: Banking USE: Software as a service Online services RT: Bitcoin On load tap changers Cryptocurrency UF: Load tap changers Electronic commerce On-load tap changers NT: Distributed ledger Onload tap changers BT: Power transformers Online indexing Tap changers USE: Indexing RT: Voltage control Online services On the job training UF: Inverted classroom UF: On-the-job training On-line services BT: Training Reverse teaching RT: Industrial training BT: Information retrieval RT: Cloud gaming On-chip Electronic learning USE: System-on-chip Internet NT: Online banking On-demand software USE: Software AND Online shopping Software as a service USE: Electronic commerce

On-line services Online voting USE: Online services USE: Electronic voting

On-load tap changers Onload tap changers USE: On load tap changers USE: On load tap changers

On-the-job training Ontologies USE: On the job training UF: Ontology BT: Knowledge representation Oncological surgery RT: Linked data This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 363 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Open data Ranking (statistics) Open loop systems Semantic Web UF: Open loop control Semantic search BT: Control systems Thesauri RT: Feedforward systems NT: Description logic Operational amplifiers

Ontology Open source hardware USE: Ontologies UF: Opensource hardware BT: Hardware ONU USE: Optical network units Open source software UF: Open-source OOO BT: Software USE: Out of order RT: Public domain software

Op amp Open systems USE: Operational amplifiers UF: OSI BT: Computers and information Open Access processing BT: Open systems System analysis and design Publishing RT: Common Information Model NT: Public domain software (electricity) Computer networks Open area test sites Internetworking UF: OATS Interoperability BT: Test facilities Local area networks RT: Electromagnetic Metropolitan area networks compatibility and interference Open data Electromagnetic Standards interference Wide area networks Immunity testing NT: Open Access Military equipment Open Educational Resources Open data Physical layer BT: Data handling RT: Electronic publishing Open wireless architecture Government policies UF: OWA Internet BT: Wireless communication Linked data Ontologies Open-source Open systems USE: Open source software Public domain software Semantic Web Opensource hardware USE: Open source hardware Open Educational Resources BT: Educational courses Operating cost reduction Open systems USE: Costing

Open Geospatial Consortium Operating systems UF: OGC UF: Android (operating system) BT: Standards organizations Computer operating systems Open loop control Executive programs USE: Open loop systems Microsoft Windows This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 364 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Robot operating systems USE: Optical flow Supervisory programs BT: System software Optical add-drop multiplexers RT: Computer security UF: ROADMS Cyber-physical systems BT: Add-drop multiplexers Program processors Software defined Optical amplification networking USE: Stimulated emission System recovery NT: Booting Optical amplifiers Embedded systems BT: Optics Input-output programs RT: Erbium Kernel NT: Doped fiber amplifiers Network operating systems Erbium-doped fiber System kernels amplifiers Semiconductor optical Operational amplifiers amplifiers UF: Op amp BT: Active circuits Optical arrays Amplifiers BT: Optical devices RT: FET circuits RT: Micromirrors Linearization techniques Phased arrays MOSFET circuits Open loop systems Optical attenuators NT: Feedback amplifiers UF: Variable optical attenuators BT: Attenuators Operations research Optical devices BT: Business RT: Optical communication RT: Linear programming equipment Management Optical losses Optimization methods Principal component Optical beam splitting analysis BT: Optical beams Resource management Statistics Optical beams TOPSIS BT: Beams NT: Inventory control RT: Bragg gratings Virtual enterprises Laser beams Laser theory Ophthalmology NT: Optical beam splitting BT: Medical specialties RT: Cornea Optical bistability Eyes UF: Bistability (optical) Iris BT: Electrooptic effects Pupils RT: Electro-optical devices Retina Optical switches

Opinion mining Optical buffering USE: Sentiment analysis BT: Optical fiber communication

Opportunistic software systems Optical burst switching development BT: Burst switching BT: Programming Optical character recognition software Optic flow UF: License plate recognition This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 365 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

OCR BT: Optical design BT: Software RT: Design methodology NT: High-speed optical Optical cloaking techniques UF: Metamaterial cloaking BT: Metamaterials Optical detectors Optical materials BT: Optical sensors RT: Nonlinear optical devices Optical code division multiplexing NT: Bar codes USE: Code division multiplexing Optical device fabrication Optical coherence tomography UF: Optical device manufacture BT: Tomography BT: Fabrication RT: Eyes Optical devices RT: Electronic equipment Optical collimators manufacture BT: Optical devices Optical device manufacture Optical communication USE: Optical device fabrication USE: Optical fiber communication Optical devices Optical communication equipment UF: Optical components BT: Communication equipment BT: Optics RT: Biomedical optical imaging RT: Biomedical optical imaging Optical attenuators Endomicroscopy Optical switches Gratings NT: Optical transmitters Optical materials NT: Bragg gratings Optical components Collimators USE: Optical devices Displays Holographic optical Optical computing components BT: Computers and information Lenses processing Light deflectors Lighting Optical control Luminescent devices BT: Control systems Mirrors RT: Optical switches Optical arrays NT: Lighting control Optical attenuators Optical variables control Optical collimators Optical device fabrication Optical coupling Optical filters BT: Electromagnetic coupling Optical resonators RT: Optical fiber couplers Optical sensors Thermooptical devices Optical crosstalk BT: Optics Optical diffraction RT: Optical fiber communication BT: Electromagnetic diffraction RT: Photonic band gap Optical design NT: Diffraction gratings BT: Optics RT: Laser theory Optical distortion NT: Optical design techniques BT: Optics RT: Lasers Optical design techniques Optical noise This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 366 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Thermal lensing Free-space optical communication Optical distortion measurement Optical buffering USE: Distortion measurement Optical fiber networks Optical fiber subscriber Optical engineering loops BT: Engineering - general Optical interconnections Optics Optical packet switching RT: Optical materials Optical wavelength conversion Optical feedback SONET BT: Image processing Scheduling algorithms RT: Distributed feedback Visible light communication devices Optical fiber couplers Optical fiber amplifiers UF: Optical fibre couplers UF: Optical fibre amplifiers BT: Optical fibers BT: Optical fibers RT: Optical coupling RT: Amplifiers Optical fiber devices Optical fiber applications UF: Optical fibre devices UF: Optical fibre applications BT: Optical fiber applications BT: Optics RT: Optical fibers RT: Channel spacing NT: Optical fiber sensors Code division multiplexing Optical fiber cables Optical fiber dispersion Optical fiber communication UF: Optical fibre dispersion Optical fibers BT: Dispersion NT: Optical fiber devices Optical fiber filters Optical fiber cables BT: Optical filters UF: Communication cables (optical) Optical fiber LAN Optical fibre cables UF: Optical fiber local area BT: Cables network RT: Optical fiber applications Optical fibre LAN Splicing Optical fibre local area network Optical fiber communication BT: Optical fiber networks UF: Infrared communication Optical communication Optical fiber local area network Optical fibre communication USE: Optical fiber LAN Optical links BT: Communication systems Optical fiber loss RT: Avalanche photodiodes USE: Optical fiber losses Broadband communication Indoor communication Optical fiber losses Optical crosstalk UF: Optical fiber loss Optical fiber applications Optical fibre losses Optical transmitters BT: Optical fibers Quantum communication Silicon photonics Optical fiber networks Synchronous digital UF: Optical fibre networks hierarchy Optical networks NT: FDDI Optical-fiber networks This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 367 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Optical-fibre networks Optical fiber devices BT: Optical fiber communication Optical fiber testing RT: Light fidelity Optical materials NT: All-optical networks Optical propagation LAN emulation Optical waveguide theory Optical fiber LAN Optical wavelength Optical network units conversion Passive optical networks Supercontinuum generation Protection switching Temperature sensors Wavelength assignment NT: Optical fiber amplifiers Optical fiber couplers Optical fiber polarization Optical fiber losses UF: Optical fibre polarisation Optical fiber polarization Polarization-maintaining Optical fiber theory optical fibers Plastic optical fiber BT: Optical fibers Wavelength conversion RT: Optical fiber sensors Optical interferometry Optical fibre amplifiers NT: Polarization mode USE: Optical fiber amplifiers dispersion Optical fibre applications Optical fiber sensors USE: Optical fiber applications UF: Fiber optic sensors Fibre optic sensors Optical fibre cables Optical fibre sensors USE: Optical fiber cables BT: Optical fiber devices Optical sensors Optical fibre communication RT: Optical fiber polarization USE: Optical fiber communication Partial discharge measurement Optical fibre couplers USE: Optical fiber couplers Optical fiber subscriber loops UF: FTTH Optical fibre devices Fiber-in-the-loop USE: Optical fiber devices Optical fibre subscriber loops Optical fibre dispersion BT: Optical fiber communication USE: Optical fiber dispersion

Optical fiber testing Optical fibre LAN UF: Optical fibre testing USE: Optical fiber LAN BT: Testing RT: Optical fibers Optical fibre local area network USE: Optical fiber LAN Optical fiber theory UF: Optical fibre theory Optical fibre losses BT: Optical fibers USE: Optical fiber losses RT: Electromagnetic field theory Optical fibre networks Optical fibers USE: Optical fiber networks UF: Optical fibres BT: Fiber optics Optical fibre polarisation Optical waveguides USE: Optical fiber polarization RT: Electromagnetic waveguides Optical fibre sensors Optical fiber applications USE: Optical fiber sensors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 368 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Optical fibre subscriber loops Optical interconnections USE: Optical fiber subscriber UF: Optical interconnects loops BT: Optical fiber communication

Optical fibre testing Optical interconnects USE: Optical fiber testing USE: Optical interconnections

Optical fibre theory Optical interferometry USE: Optical fiber theory UF: Light interferometry BT: Interferometry Optical fibres RT: Optical fiber polarization USE: Optical fibers Speckle Talbot effect Optical films BT: Films Optical lattices RT: Integrated optics USE: Lattices Optical materials Optical links Optical filters USE: Optical fiber communication BT: Optical devices RT: Photography Optical losses NT: Optical fiber filters BT: Optics RT: Loss measurement Optical flow Optical attenuators UF: Optic flow Optical scattering BT: Optical imaging Relativistic effects Optical materials BT: Materials Optical frequency combs RT: Glass USE: Optical harmonic Indium tin oxide generation Lenses Magnesium oxide Optical frequency conversion Metamaterials BT: Frequency conversion Mirrors Optical devices Optical gratings Optical engineering USE: Gratings Optical fibers Optical films Optical harmonic generation Optics UF: Optical frequency combs Organic inorganic hybrid BT: Optics materials Phase change materials Optical heterodyning Photonic crystals USE: Optical mixing SIMO communication NT: Colloidal nanocrystals Optical imaging Optical cloaking BT: Imaging Optical polymers RT: Infrared imaging Optical retarders Microscopy Optical superlattices Remote sensing Photorefractive materials NT: Optical flow Optical projectors Optical measurements Talbot effect USE: Optical variables Thermoreflectance imaging measurement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 369 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Optical polarisation Optical metamaterials BT: Optics UF: Photonic metamaterials RT: Photoelasticity BT: Metamaterials NT: Polarization shift keying RT: Electromagnetic Stokes parameters metamaterials Optical polymers Optical metrology BT: Optical materials BT: Metrology Polymers

Optical microscopy Optical projectors BT: Optics UF: projectors (optical) BT: Optical imaging Optical mixing Video equipment UF: Optical heterodyning RT: Image processing BT: Nonlinear optics Micromirrors Optics Motion pictures RT: Photorefractive materials NT: Multiwave mixing Optical propagation UF: Infrared propagation Optical modulation BT: Electromagnetic BT: Modulation propagation RT: Indoor communication RT: Optical fibers Microwave photonics Thermooptic effects Optical transmitters NT: Optical surface waves NT: Electrooptic modulators Optical waveguides Intensity modulation Optical pulse compression Optical multilayers BT: Pulse compression USE: Optical superlattices methods

Optical network units Optical pulse generation UF: ONU BT: Pulse generation BT: Optical fiber networks RT: Optical pulse shaping

Optical networks Optical pulse shaping USE: Optical fiber networks BT: Pulse shaping methods RT: Optical pulse generation Optical noise BT: Integrated circuit noise Optical pulses RT: Optical distortion BT: Optics NT: Speckle Optical pumping Optical packet switching BT: Laser excitation BT: Optical fiber communication Optical radar Optical planar waveguides USE: Laser radar BT: Optical waveguides Optical receivers Optical polarisation BT: Receivers USE: Optical polarization Optical recording Optical polarization BT: Recording UF: Light polarisation RT: Laser applications Light polarization NT: CD recording This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 370 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Optical sensors Optical reflection BT: Optical devices BT: Electromagnetic reflection Sensors RT: Antireflection coatings RT: Image sensors Mirrors NT: Optical detectors Optical scattering Optical fiber sensors Reflectivity Reflectometry Optical signal detection Thermooptic effects BT: Signal detection RT: Photodetectors Optical refraction BT: Physical optics Optical signal processing RT: Photorefractive effect BT: Signal processing Photorefractive materials NT: Laser noise Refractive index Thermooptic effects Optical solitons BT: Optics Optical regenerators Solitons USE: Repeaters RT: Optical vortices

Optical resonators Optical superlattices BT: Optical devices UF: Optical multilayers RT: Digital filters BT: Optical materials Laser cavity resonators Superlattices Resonance Split ring resonators Optical surface waves NT: Microcavities BT: Optical propagation Optical ring resonators Optical switch Optical retarders USE: Optical switches UF: Half-wave plates Quarter-wave plates Optical switches BT: Optical materials UF: Optical switch Optics BT: Switches RT: Polarimetry RT: Optical bistability Optical communication Optical ring resonators equipment UF: Ring resonators Optical control BT: Optical resonators Photothyristors Smart pixels Optical saturation Thermooptical devices BT: Nonlinear optics Optics Optical transmitters BT: Optical communication Optical scan voting systems equipment BT: Electronic voting systems Transmitters RT: Bragg gratings Optical scattering Diodes BT: Electromagnetic scattering Optical fiber communication RT: Laser radar Optical modulation Light scattering Photodiodes Optical losses Semiconductor lasers Optical reflection Semiconductor optical Speckle amplifiers

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Optical tuning Signal processing BT: Optics RT: Multicast communication Tuning Optical fibers RT: Laser tuning Telecommunications

Optical variables control Optical-fiber networks BT: Optical control USE: Optical fiber networks RT: Frequency control Phase control Optical-fibre networks USE: Optical fiber networks Optical variables measurement UF: Optical measurements Optics BT: Measurement BT: Lasers and electrooptics RT: Frequency measurement RT: Erbium Phase measurement Fourier transforms Reflectometry Laser theory Wavelength measurement Magnetooptic effects NT: Ellipsometry Optical materials Photometry NT: Adaptive optics Reflection coefficient Birefringence Refractive index Brightness Color Optical vortex Electron optics USE: Optical vortices Extinction coefficients Fiber optics Optical vortices Fluorescence UF: Optical vortex Four-wave mixing Vortices, optical Geometrical optics BT: Physical optics Integrated optics RT: Laser beams Light fields Optical solitons Light sources Luminescence Optical waveguide components Microoptics BT: Optical waveguides Nonlinear optics Optical amplifiers Optical waveguide theory Optical crosstalk BT: Optical waveguides Optical design RT: Optical fibers Optical devices Optical distortion Optical waveguides Optical engineering BT: Optical propagation Optical fiber applications Waveguide components Optical harmonic RT: Electrooptic modulators generation Integrated optics Optical losses Photonic crystals Optical microscopy NT: Arrayed waveguide gratings Optical mixing Electrooptical waveguides Optical polarization Optical fibers Optical pulses Optical planar waveguides Optical retarders Optical waveguide Optical saturation components Optical solitons Optical waveguide theory Optical tuning Particle beam optics Optical wavelength conversion Photoluminescence BT: Optical fiber communication Physical optics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 372 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Ray tracing MIMO communication Stray light Newton method Ultrafast optics Operations research Whispering gallery modes Processor scheduling Response surface Optimal control methodology BT: Control systems Search methods RT: Game theory Single machine scheduling H infinity control Traveling salesman NT: Bang-bang control problems Infinite horizon NT: Affordances Circuit optimization Optimal matching Concave programming BT: Graph theory Design optimization Fireworks algorithm Optimal scheduling Gradient methods BT: Optimization H infinity control Mathematical programming Optimisation Optimized production USE: Optimization technology Pareto optimization Optimisation methods Quadratic programming USE: Optimization methods Simulated annealing

Optimised production technology Optimized production technology USE: Optimized production UF: Optimised production technology technology BT: Optimization methods Optimising compilers Production control USE: Optimizing compilers RT: Production planning Production systems Optimization UF: Optimisation Optimizing compilers Performance optimisation UF: Optimising compilers Performance optimization BT: Program processors BT: Mathematics RT: Artificial bee colony Opto-electronic devices algorithm USE: Optoelectronic devices Doping profiles Least squares Optoacoustic effects approximations USE: Photoacoustic effects Minimization Parametric study Optoelectronic and photonic sensors Performance analysis BT: Sensors TOPSIS NT: Cost function Optoelectronic devices Optimal scheduling UF: Opto-electronic devices Optimization methods BT: Lasers and electrooptics Trajectory optimization RT: Electro-optical devices Phototransistors Optimization methods NT: Charge-coupled image UF: Optimisation methods sensors BT: Optimization Integrated optoelectronics RT: Infinite horizon Light emitting diodes Linear programming Photoconducting devices This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 373 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Photodetectors Organic compounds Superluminescent diodes BT: Compounds RT: Carbon Optothermal effects NT: Carbon compounds USE: Photothermal effects Organic semiconductors Volatile organic compounds Optothyristors USE: Photothyristors Organic electronics UF: Paper electronics Oral communication BT: Electronic equipment UF: Speech communication RT: Synapses BT: Professional communication Organic FETS NT: Public speaking USE: OFETs Speech Organic field effect transistors Orange technology USE: OFETs USE: Social implications of technology Organic field-effect transistors USE: OFETs Orbital calculations BT: Energy states Organic inorganic hybrid materials UF: Inorganic organic hybrid Orbital debris materials USE: Space debris Inorganic-organic hybrid materials Orbital robotics Organic-inorganic hybrid BT: Robots materials Organically modified Orbits silicates BT: Astrophysics Ormosils RT: Geostationary satellites BT: Materials NT: Orbits (stellar) RT: Inorganic compounds Planetary orbits Optical materials

Orbits (stellar) Organic light emitting diodes BT: Orbits UF: OLED RT: Stellar motion Organic light-emitting diodes Ordinance Polymer led USE: Weapons BT: Light emitting diodes RT: Electroluminescence Ordinary differential equations Molecular electronics BT: Differential equations NT: Active matrix organic light emitting diodes Ordinary magnetoresistance BT: Magnetoresistance Organic light-emitting diodes USE: Organic light emitting Ores diodes BT: Minerals Organic materials Organic chemicals BT: Materials BT: Chemistry NT: Hydrocarbons Organic semiconductors BT: Organic compounds This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 374 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Semiconductor materials Role transfer NT: Pentacene Scheduling Stakeholders Organic thin film transistors Team working UF: OTFT Organic thin-film transistors Organizational communication BT: Thin film transistors USE: Industrial communication

Organic thin-film transistors Organizational culture USE: Organic thin film transistors USE: Organizational aspects

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials Organizational structure USE: Organic inorganic hybrid USE: Organizational aspects materials Organizations Organically modified silicates BT: Business USE: Organic inorganic hybrid RT: Leadership materials NT: BNSC Companies Organisational aspects Government USE: Organizational aspects Sociotechnical systems United Kingdom Space Organisational culture Agency USE: Organizational aspects Organobromine compounds Organisational structure USE: Bromine compounds USE: Organizational aspects Organs (biological) Organisms USE: Biological systems BT: Biological systems NT: Algae Orientation control Animals USE: Position control Archaea Fish Orientation determination Fungi USE: Position measurement Mesomycetozoea Microorganisms Orientation measurement Plants (biology) USE: Position measurement

Organizational aspects Orifices UF: Business organisation BT: Mechanical products Business organization Organisational aspects Ormosils Organisational culture USE: Organic inorganic hybrid Organisational structure materials Organizational culture Organizational structure Orthogonal frequency division multiple access BT: Management USE: OFDM RT: Business process re- engineering Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing Industrial communication USE: OFDM NT: Business communication Corporate acquisitions Orthopedic procedures Data governance BT: Medical treatment Facilities management This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 375 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Orthopedic surgery BT: Bone diseases BT: Surgery Osteoporosis Orthotics BT: Bone diseases BT: Medical treatment RT: Cancellous bone RT: Assistive technology Biomedical engineering OTFT Biomedical equipment USE: Organic thin film transistors Medical control systems Prosthetics Otologic surgery Sensory aids USE: Oncological surgery Wearable robots OTT Oscillations USE: Over-the-top media USE: Oscillators services

Oscillators Out of order UF: Oscillations UF: OOO BT: Circuits and systems BT: Instruction sets RT: Circuits Damping Outlier detection Klystrons USE: Anomaly detection Lasers Resonant frequency Output feedback Vibrations BT: Feedback circuits NT: Digital-controlled oscillators Injection-locked oscillators Output power Local oscillators USE: Power generation Microwave oscillators Phase noise Outsourcing Ring oscillators BT: Management Voltage-controlled RT: Crowdsourcing oscillators Ovarian cancer Oscilloscopes BT: Cancer UF: Cathode-ray oscilloscopes BT: Instruments Ovens RT: Electric variables BT: Home appliances measurement NT: Microwave ovens Test equipment Over-the-top media services OSHA UF: OTT USE: Occupational safety BT: Streaming media

OSI Overflow oscillations USE: Open systems USE: Finite wordlength effects

Osmium Overhead distribution lines BT: Chemical elements USE: Power distribution lines

Osmosis Overhead transmission lines BT: Chemical processes USE: Power transmission lines NT: Electro-osmosis Overlay networks Osteoarthritis BT: Computer networks This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 376 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Network topology USE: IEEE 1394 Standard Transport protocols P2MP OWA USE: Point-to-multipoint USE: Open wireless architecture communications

OWL P2P UF: Web ontology language USE: Peer-to-peer computing BT: Markup languages Semantic Web P802.11 RT: Knowledge representation USE: IEEE 802.11 Standard

Oxidation PAAS BT: Chemical processes USE: Platform as a service RT: Materials NT: Combustion Pacemakers BT: Biomedical equipment Oxygen RT: Cardiology BT: Chemical elements Gases Packaging RT: Pulse oximetry BT: Industry applications RT: Filling Ozonation Leak detection UF: Ozone treatment Packaging machines BT: Wastewater treatment Seals RT: Environmental factors NT: Bagging Pollution control Bottling Canning Ozone generators Encapsulation USE: Discharges (electric) Food packaging Labeling Ozone treatment Multichip modules USE: Ozonation Nanopackaging Plastic packaging Ozonizers Wrapping USE: Discharges (electric) Packaging machines P-I-N BT: Production equipment USE: PIN photodiodes RT: Bagging Bottling P-i-n diodes Labeling BT: Semiconductor devices Packaging Semiconductor diodes Wrapping RT: CMOSFET logic devices Electrooptic modulators Packet loss Vertical cavity surface BT: Loss measurement emitting lasers Packet switching RT: Data communication P-n junctions Noise measurement BT: Junctions RT: Light emitting diodes Packet radio Photodiodes USE: Packet radio networks Semiconductor diodes Packet radio networks P1394 UF: Packet radio This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 377 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Radio communication Pair-wise error probability USE: Pairwise error probability Packet switching BT: Communication switching Pairwise correlations RT: ARPANET USE: Pairwise error probability Data transfer IEEE 802.3 Standard Pairwise error probability Next generation networking UF: Pair-wise error probability NT: Burst switching Pairwise correlations Frame relay BT: Probability Multiprotocol label switching Palladium Packet loss BT: Metals

Pacs Palletising USE: Picture archiving and USE: Pallets communication systems Palletizing Paediatrics USE: Pallets USE: Pediatrics Pallets Page description languages UF: Palletising UF: Postscript Palletizing BT: Markup languages BT: Materials handling RT: Desktop publishing RT: Containers High level languages Load management

Paging strategies Palm print recognition USE: Paging systems USE: Palmprint recognition

Paging systems Palmprint identification UF: Paging strategies USE: Palmprint recognition BT: Cellular radio RT: Wireless communication Palmprint recognition UF: Palm print recognition Pain Palmprint identification BT: Injuries BT: Biometrics (access control) NT: Ischemic pain RT: Identification of persons Neuropathic pain Palmtop computers Painting USE: Personal digital assistants BT: Surface finishing Surface treatment Pancreas RT: Coatings BT: Digestive system Paints Photorealism Pandemics BT: Epidemics Paints RT: COVID-19 BT: Chemical products Coronaviruses Coatings Diseases Materials Influenza RT: Ink Lacquers Pansharpened Painting USE: Pansharpening

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Pansharpening Paper products UF: Pansharpened Pulp and paper industry BT: Image processing Pulp manufacturing RT: Image quality Paper technology Paper electronics BT: Industry applications USE: Organic electronics RT: Paper making Paper making machines Paper industry Paper products USE: Pulp and paper industry Pulp and paper industry

Paper making PAPR BT: Pulp and paper industry USE: Peak to average power RT: Bleaching ratio Paper making machines Paper products Paraelectric materials Paper pulp USE: Dielectric materials Paper technology Pulp manufacturing Parallel algorithms Spinning machines BT: Algorithms Parallel processing Paper making machines BT: Production equipment Parallel architectures Pulp and paper industry BT: Computer architecture RT: Paper making RT: Parallel machines Paper products Parallel processing Paper pulp NT: Multicore processing Paper technology Pulp manufacturing Parallel computing Spinning machines USE: Parallel processing

Paper mills Parallel languages BT: Production facilities BT: High level languages Pulp and paper industry RT: Multiprocessing systems RT: Industrial plants Parallel processing Paper products Parallel programming Paper pulp Pulp manufacturing Parallel machines Spinning machines BT: Computers RT: Parallel architectures Paper products Parallel processing BT: Manufactured products RT: Paper making Parallel processing Paper making machines UF: Array processing Paper mills Parallel computing Paper pulp Parallelism Paper technology BT: Computers and information Pulp and paper industry processing RT: Cluster computing Paper pulp Concurrency control BT: Manufactured products Digital computers Materials Parallel architectures RT: Paper making Parallel languages Paper making machines Parallel machines Paper mills Parallel programming This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 379 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Multiprocessing systems Multithreading Parameter identification Parallel algorithms USE: Parameter estimation Pipeline processing Parameter uncertainty Parallel processor interconnection USE: Uncertain systems USE: Multiprocessor interconnection Parametric model USE: Parametric statistics Parallel programming BT: Programming Parametric statistics RT: Multiprocessing systems UF: Parametric model Parallel languages BT: Statistics Parallel processing VHDL Parametric study BT: Multitasking Parallel robots RT: Optimization BT: Robots Parasitic capacitance Parallelism BT: Capacitance USE: Parallel processing Parasitic diseases Paralysis BT: Diseases BT: Medical conditions RT: Motor coordination Parasympathetic nervous system BT: Autonomic nervous system Paramagnetic materials BT: Magnetic materials Pareto analysis RT: Paramagnetic resonance BT: Statistical analysis RT: Cause effect analysis Paramagnetic resonance Quality management BT: Magnetic resonance NT: Pareto optimization RT: Paramagnetic materials Pareto optimisation Parameter estimation USE: Pareto optimization UF: Parameter identification BT: Signal analysis Pareto optimization Statistical analysis UF: Multi-attribute optimization RT: Control systems Multi-objective Power system analysis programming computing Multiobjective programming Spectral analysis Pareto optimisation NT: Amplitude estimation Vector optimization Direction-of-arrival BT: Optimization methods estimation Pareto analysis Frequency estimation RT: Genetic algorithms Motion estimation Phase estimation Parietal lobe Time of arrival estimation BT: Brain

Parameter extraction Parity check BT: Electromagnetic USE: Codes measurements RT: Bipolar transistor circuits Parity check codes Very large scale integration UF: LDPC This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 380 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Ldpc codes NT: Accelerator magnets Low density parity check Colliding beam accelerators codes Cyclotrons Parity-check codes Electron accelerators BT: Codes Ion accelerators RT: Decoding Linear accelerators NT: Iterative decoding Photon collider Plasma accelerators Parity-check codes Proton accelerators USE: Parity check codes Storage rings Synchrocyclotrons Parkinson's disease Synchrotrons BT: Diseases Particle beam handling Parotid BT: Nuclear and plasma USE: Salivary glands sciences RT: Particle beams Partial differential equations BT: Differential equations Particle beam injection RT: Boundary value problems UF: Injected beams Fourier transforms BT: Nuclear and plasma NT: Boundary-element methods sciences Poisson equations RT: Particle beams

Partial discharge measurement Particle beam measurements BT: Electric variables BT: Measurement measurement RT: Particle beams RT: Electrical safety Insulation life Particle beam optics Insulation testing UF: Ion optics Optical fiber sensors BT: Optics RT: Electrodynamics Partial discharges Particle beams BT: Dielectric breakdown NT: Atom optics RT: Corona Electron optics Stimulated emission Partial response channels BT: Communication channels Particle beams UF: Accelerator beams Partial response signaling Neutron beams BT: Digital modulation Proton beams BT: Beams Partial transmit sequences Elementary particles BT: OFDM RT: Colliding beam accelerators Laser theory Particle accelerator Particle accelerators USE: Linear particle accelerator Particle beam handling Particle beam injection Particle accelerators Particle beam BT: Nuclear and plasma measurements sciences Particle beam optics RT: Colliding beam devices Storage rings Large Hadron Collider Synchrotrons Particle beams NT: Atomic beams Voltage multipliers Electron beams This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 381 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Ion beams Particle tracking Particle charging BT: Nuclear measurements BT: Electrostatic processes RT: High energy physics RT: Semiconductor detectors instrumentation computing Tracking Particle collisions BT: Elementary particles Particle-swarm optimization USE: Particle swarm optimization Particle detectors USE: Radiation detectors Particles (elementary) USE: Elementary particles Particle filters BT: Filters Particulate measurements USE: Particle measurements Particle measurements UF: Particulate measurements Partitioning algorithms BT: Measurement BT: Algorithms RT: Current density High energy physics Passband instrumentation computing BT: Digital communication Position sensitive particle Radio communication detectors RT: Baseband

Particle physics Passivation USE: High energy physics BT: Surface treatment RT: Corrosion Particle production BT: Electrostatic processes Passive circuits RT: Aerosols BT: Circuits Spraying Passive filters Particle scattering BT: Passive networks BT: Scattering RT: Filters RT: Scanning electron microscopy Passive microwave remote sensing BT: Remote sensing Particle separators UF: Separators Passive networks BT: Separation processes BT: Telecommunication RT: Magnetic separation network topology NT: Passive filters Particle swarm USE: Particle swarm optimization Passive optical networks UF: PON Particle swarm optimization Passive-optical-network UF: Particle swarm BT: Optical fiber networks Particle-swarm optimization RT: EPON Swarm intelligence Swarm optimization Passive radar BT: Evolutionary computation BT: Radar RT: Artificial bee colony RT: Radar detection algorithm Radar imaging Fireworks algorithm Stochastic processes Passive RFID tags This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 382 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: RFID tags USE: Medical diagnosis

Passive-optical-network Patient identification USE: Passive optical networks USE: Medical treatment

Password Patient monitoring BT: Access control BT: Monitoring Computer security RT: Chemotherapy RT: Authentication Electronic medical records Fall detection Patch antennas Point of care BT: Antennas RT: Microstrip antennas Patient rehabilitation BT: Medical treatment Patent law RT: Rehabilitation robotics BT: Law Patient treatment Patents USE: Medical treatment BT: Legal factors RT: Intellectual property Pattern analysis US Government agencies BT: Machine intelligence RT: Surface reconstruction Path planning UF: piano mover's problem Pattern classification BT: Motion control UF: Signal classification RT: Course correction BT: Decision making Indoor navigation RT: Feature extraction Vehicle routing Nearest neighbor methods NT: Trajectory Neural networks Trajectory planning Pattern recognition Trajectory tracking Support vector machines NT: Naive Bayes methods Pathogens UF: Germs Pattern clustering BT: Diseases BT: Clustering methods RT: Epidemics RT: Image reconstruction Nearest neighbor methods Pathological Pattern matching USE: Pathology Signal analysis Signal detection Pathological processes Signal processing BT: Pathology NT: Cadaver Pattern formation Death BT: Process design RT: Chaos Pathology Nonlinear dynamical UF: Pathological systems BT: Medical specialties Nonlinear optics RT: Autopsy Spatiotemporal phenomena Diseases NT: Histopathology Pattern matching Neuropathology BT: Pattern recognition Pathological processes RT: Pattern clustering Spatiotemporal phenomena Patient diagnosis NT: Image matching This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 383 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

PCRAM Pattern recognition USE: Phase change random UF: Image pattern recognition access memory BT: Computers and information processing PD control RT: Automatic optical inspection UF: PID control Computer vision Proportional + derivative Feature extraction control Feedforward neural Proportional derivative networks control Hidden Markov models Proportional plus derivative Learning systems control Machine vision Proportional-derivative Pattern classification control Principal component Proportional-integral- analysis derivative Publish subscribe systems BT: Control systems Random forests Robot vision systems PDA Shape USE: Personal digital assistants Spatiotemporal phenomena Statistical learning PDAs Symbols USE: Personal digital assistants NT: Active shape model Activity recognition PDF Character recognition USE: Portable document format Clustering methods Data mining Peace technology Face recognition BT: Social implications of Fingerprint recognition technology Gesture recognition Handwriting recognition Peak signal to noise ratio Nearest neighbor methods USE: PSNR Pattern matching Speech recognition Peak signal-to-noise ratio Text recognition USE: PSNR

Payloads Peak to average power ratio BT: Military aircraft UF: PAPR Space technology Peak-to-average power NT: MODIS ratio Peak-to-average ratio Pb BT: OFDM USE: Lead Peak-to-average power ratio PCA USE: Peak to average power USE: Principal component ratio analysis Peak-to-average ratio PCG USE: Peak to average power USE: Phonocardiography ratio

PCM Pediatrics USE: Phase change materials UF: Babies Baby This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 384 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Child Pelvis Children BT: Body regions Infant Infants Pen test Newborns USE: Penetration testing Paediatrics Toddler Penetration testing BT: Medical specialties UF: Pen test RT: Neonatology BT: Computer security

Peer to peer communications Pensions USE: Peer-to-peer computing UF: Occupational pensions Personal pensions Peer to peer computing Stakeholder pensions USE: Peer-to-peer computing State pensions BT: Remuneration Peer to peer exchange RT: Employee welfare USE: Peer-to-peer computing Termination of employment

Peer to peer network Pentacene USE: Peer-to-peer computing BT: Organic semiconductors

Peer-to-peer communications Peptides USE: Peer-to-peer computing BT: Biochemistry

Peer-to-peer computing Perfectly matched layers UF: File sharing BT: Propagation P2P RT: Finite difference methods Peer to peer Finite element analysis communications Maxwell equations Peer to peer computing Peer to peer exchange Performance analysis Peer to peer network UF: Dynamic program analysis Peer-to-peer Performance index communications BT: Programming Peer-to-peer exchange RT: Optimization Peer-to-peer network NT: Performance gain BT: Computer networks Distributed computing Performance evaluation RT: Cluster computing BT: Measurement Distributed ledger RT: Benchmark testing Workstations NT: Key performance indicator

Peer-to-peer exchange Performance gain USE: Peer-to-peer computing BT: Performance analysis

Peer-to-peer network Performance index USE: Peer-to-peer computing USE: Performance analysis

Peltier effect Performance loss BT: Thermoelectricity BT: Computer performance

Pelvic bones Performance measurement BT: Bones USE: Measurement

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Performance metrics USE: Permanent magnet USE: Measurement machines

Performance optimisation Permanent magnet synchronous motors USE: Optimization USE: Permanent magnet motors

Performance optimization Permanent magnets USE: Optimization BT: Magnets RT: Magnetic gears Performance related pay Magnetic levitation vehicles USE: Incentive schemes Permanent magnet machines Perineum Remanence BT: Body regions Permanent-magnet generators Periodic media USE: Permanent magnet motors USE: Nonhomogeneous media Permanent-magnet motors Periodic structures USE: Permanent magnet motors BT: Materials science and technology Permeability NT: Gratings UF: Magnetic permeability Photonic crystals BT: Electromagnetic analysis RT: Magnetic materials Peripheral equipment Permeability measurement USE: Computer peripherals Permeability measurement Peripheral nervous system BT: Magnetic variables BT: Nervous system measurement RT: Permeability Permanent magnet generators BT: Permanent magnet Permission machines UF: Access rights File system permissions Permanent magnet machines BT: Computer security UF: Permanent magnet synchronous machines Permittivity BT: Electric machines BT: Electric variables Rotating machines RT: Dielectric constant RT: Permanent magnet motors Dielectric materials Permanent magnets Permittivity measurement NT: Permanent magnet generators Permittivity measurement BT: Dielectric measurement Permanent magnet motors RT: Permittivity UF: Permanent magnet synchronous motors Perovskites Permanent-magnet BT: Crystalline materials generators Permanent-magnet motors Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy BT: Motors BT: Magnetic anisotropy RT: Permanent magnet machines Perpendicular magnetic recording UF: Vertical recording Permanent magnet synchronous machines BT: Magnetic recording This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 386 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Disk drives Palmtop computers BT: Handheld computers Perpendicular recording USE: Magnetic recording Personal pensions USE: Pensions Persistent currents BT: Current Personal protective equipment RT: High-temperature BT: Health and safety superconductors RT: Protective clothing Superconducting magnets Personnel Persistent identifiers BT: Human resource BT: Data structures management RT: Digital systems RT: Appraisal Information retrieval Bring your own device Education Personal area networks Employment UF: Piconets Equal opportunities Scatternets Management BT: Radio communication Productivity RT: Computer networks Training Data communication NT: Labor resources Land mobile radio Personal communication Personnel monitoring networks USE: Radiation monitoring Wireless LAN Zigbee Persuasive systems NT: Bluetooth BT: Decision making Body area networks Social computing Body sensor networks RT: Behavioral sciences Wireless personal area Human factors networks Man-machine systems Psychology Personal communication networks UF: Personal communication Perturbation methods services UF: Perturbation techniques BT: Communication systems BT: Approximation methods RT: Cellular radio NT: Cavity perturbation Digital systems methods IEEE 802.15 Standard Location awareness Perturbation techniques Mobile handsets USE: Perturbation methods Personal area networks Zigbee Pervasive computing UF: Everyware Personal communication services Ubicomp USE: Personal communication BT: Computers and information networks processing Systems, man, and Personal computers cybernetics USE: Microcomputers RT: Artificial intelligence Context awareness Personal digital assistants Next generation networking UF: PDA NT: Ubiquitous computing PDAs Wearable computers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 387 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Gas industry Pest control Natural gas industry UF: Insect control Offshore installations Vermin control Oil pollution BT: Environmental Oils management Petrochemicals RT: Agriculture Petroleum Hazards Pipelines NT: Oil drilling PET Oil refineries USE: Positron emission Well logging tomography PFD Petascale computing USE: Phase frequency detectors BT: Computers and information processing PGA RT: Supercomputers USE: Electronics packaging

Petri nets pH measurement BT: System analysis and design BT: Chemical analysis RT: Discrete-event systems Measurement Modeling Phantoms Petrochemicals BT: Biomedical imaging BT: Chemical products RT: Dosimetry Materials Positron emission RT: Chemical industry tomography Chemistry Single photon emission Fuels computed tomography Petroleum X-ray applications Petroleum industry X-ray detection Plastic products X-ray imaging Plastics Pharmaceutical technology Petrol BT: Chemical technology USE: Petroleum RT: Biochemistry Chemistry Petroleum Pharmaceuticals UF: Gasoline Petrol Pharmaceuticals BT: Chemical products BT: Chemical products Fuels Medical treatment RT: Fuel processing industries RT: Biochemistry Oil pollution Chemistry Oils Pharmaceutical technology Petrochemicals NT: Drugs Petroleum industry NT: Hydrocarbons Pharynx BT: Digestive system Petroleum industry RT: Stomatognathic system UF: Oil industry BT: Industries Phase change materials RT: Chemical industry UF: PCM Fractionation BT: Materials Fuel processing industries RT: Memory This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 388 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Nuclear thermodynamics Phase-locked-loops Optical materials BT: Linear feedback control Phase change memory systems Solar heating Signal processing RT: Frequency locked loops Phase change memory Modulation BT: Memory Nonlinear filters RT: Phase change materials Resistive RAM Phase locked-loops NT: Phase change random USE: Phase locked loops access memory Phase measurement Phase change RAM BT: Measurement USE: Phase change random RT: Acoustic measurements access memory Electric variables measurement Phase change random access memory Optical variables UF: PCRAM measurement Phase change RAM Phase-change RAM Phase modulation Phase-change random BT: Modulation access memory RT: Demodulation BT: Phase change memory Electrooptic modulators Random access memory NT: Continuous phase modulation Phase control Differential phase shift UF: Phase-control keying BT: Power electronics Phase shift keying RT: Electric variables control Optical variables control Phase noise Phase transformers BT: Noise Oscillators Phase detection RT: Time-domain analysis BT: Signal detection NT: Phase frequency detectors Phase shift keying UF: PSK Phase distortion Phase-shift keying BT: Distortion Phase-shift-keying RT: Delay effects QPSK BT: Phase modulation Phase estimation NT: Binary phase shift keying BT: Parameter estimation Quadrature phase shift keying Phase frequency detectors UF: PFD Phase shifters BT: Phase detection BT: Circuits RT: Frequency measurement RT: Butler matrices Measurement NT: Phase transformers Voltage Voltage control Phase shifting interferometry BT: Interferometry Phase locked loops UF: PLL Phase transformations, nuclear Phase locked-loops USE: Nuclear phase Phase-locked loops transformations This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 389 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Ethical aspects Phase transformers Machine ethics BT: Phase shifters Quantum mechanics Transformers Social factors RT: Circuits Technology Phase control Technology social factors

Phase transitions, nuclear Phishing USE: Nuclear phase BT: Computer security transformations Information security RT: Malware Phase-change RAM USE: Phase change random PHM access memory USE: Prognostics and health management Phase-change random access memory USE: Phase change random Phonetics access memory BT: Linguistics RT: Natural language Phase-control processing USE: Phase control Semiotics Speech processing Phase-locked loops NT: Acoustic phonetics USE: Phase locked loops Phonocardiogram Phase-locked-loops USE: Phonocardiography USE: Phase locked loops Phonocardiography Phase-shift keying UF: PCG USE: Phase shift keying Phonocardiogram BT: Cardiography Phase-shift-keying RT: Biomedical monitoring USE: Phase shift keying Cardiology Heart rate measurement Phased arrays UF: Antenna phased arrays Phonographs BT: Antenna arrays USE: Audio systems RT: Optical arrays NT: Steerable antennas Phonons BT: Elementary particles Phasor measurement units RT: Acoustics UF: PMU Crystals PMUs Electrons Synchrophasors Indium phosphide BT: Electric variables measurement Phosphorescence BT: Luminescence PHEMTs RT: Phosphors UF: Pseudomorphic HEMTs BT: HEMTs Phosphors BT: Light sources Philosophical considerations RT: Phosphorescence BT: Social implications of technology Phosphorus RT: Econophysics BT: Chemical elements This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 390 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Materials Photo sharing Web sites RT: Photoconducting devices USE: Multimedia Web sites Photoconductivity Photodetectors Photoacoustic effects Semiconductor materials UF: Optoacoustic effects BT: Spectroscopy Photoconductivity RT: Acoustic testing UF: Photocurrent Laser applications BT: Conductivity Photothermal effects RT: Photoconducting devices NT: Photoacoustic imaging Photoconducting materials

Photoacoustic imaging Photoconductors BT: Biomedical imaging USE: Photoconducting materials Photoacoustic effects Photocurrent Photobleaching USE: Photoconductivity BT: Photochemistry Photodarkening Photocatalysis USE: Photochromism BT: Catalysis Photochemistry Photodetector RT: Photocatalysts USE: Photodetectors

Photocatalysts Photodetectors BT: Catalysts UF: Photodetector RT: Photocatalysis BT: Optoelectronic devices Radiation detectors Photocathodes RT: Image sensors USE: Cathodes Infrared detectors Optical signal detection Photochemistry Photoconducting devices BT: Chemistry Photoconducting materials RT: Water splitting Photoelectricity NT: Photobleaching NT: Photodiodes Photocatalysis Phototransistors Superconducting Photochromism photodetectors UF: Photodarkening BT: Photonics Photodiodes RT: Color BT: Photodetectors RT: Optical transmitters Photocomposition P-n junctions USE: Text processing NT: Avalanche photodiodes PIN photodiodes Photoconducting devices BT: Optoelectronic devices Photoelasticity RT: Photoconducting materials BT: Mechanical factors Photoconductivity RT: Optical polarization Photodetectors Piezooptic effects Semiconductor devices Stress NT: Electrophotography Photoelectricity Photoconducting materials UF: Photoemission UF: Photoconductors Phototubes This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 391 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Electricity USE: Magnetooptic effects Electron devices RT: Electron emission Photometry Photodetectors BT: Geoscience and remote Photomultipliers sensing Photovoltaic cells Optical variables NT: Photovoltaic effects measurement RT: Light sources Photoelectron microscopy Lighting UF: Photoemission electron Radiometry microscopy BT: Electron microscopy Photomicrographs USE: Photomicrography Photoemission USE: Photoelectricity Photomicrography UF: Micrographs Photoemission electron microscopy Microphotographs USE: Photoelectron microscopy Microphotography Photomicrographs Photogalvanic effects BT: Photography USE: Photovoltaic effects Photomultipliers Photography BT: Vacuum technology BT: Imaging RT: Avalanche photodiodes RT: Cameras Electron multipliers Electrophotography Photoelectricity Image capture Image storage Photon collider Optical filters BT: Particle accelerators NT: Cinematography Digital photography Photon crystal fibers Image forensics USE: Photonic crystal fibers Photomicrography Photorealism Photon crystal fibres USE: Photonic crystal fibers Photoionisation USE: Ionization Photonic band gap UF: Band gap Photoionization Band-gap USE: Ionization Bandgap Photonic bandgap Photolithography BT: Photonic crystals USE: Lithography RT: Electromagnetic wave polarization Photoluminescence Optical diffraction UF: Electrophotoluminescence BT: Luminescence Photonic bandgap Optics USE: Photonic band gap RT: Judd-Ofelt theory Microcavities Photonic bandgap fibers UF: Photonic bandgap fibres Photomagnetic devices BT: Photonic crystal fibers USE: Magnetooptic devices Photonic bandgap fibres Photomagnetic effects USE: Photonic bandgap fibers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 392 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Biophotonics Photonic crystal fibers Microwave photonics UF: Microstructured fibers Nanobiophotonics Microstructured fibres Nanophotonics Photon crystal fibers Photochromism Photon crystal fibres Photothermal effects Photonic crystal fibres Silicon photonics Photonic-crystal fibers Spontaneous emission Photonic-crystal fibres BT: Photonic crystals Photoplethysmography NT: Holey fibers BT: Biomedical measurement Photonic bandgap fibers Plethysmography

Photonic crystal fibres Photorealism USE: Photonic crystal fibers BT: Media Photography Photonic crystals RT: Art UF: 2-D photonic crystals Cameras 2D photonic crystals Human image synthesis Photonic cyrstal fibers Painting Two dimensional photonic crystals Photoreceptors Two-dimensional photonic BT: Neurons crystals BT: Periodic structures Photorefractive effect RT: Microwave devices BT: Nonlinear optics Nonlinear optics RT: Birefringence Optical materials Optical refraction Optical waveguides Photorefractive materials Spontaneous emission Refractive index NT: Photonic band gap Photonic crystal fibers Photorefractive materials BT: Optical materials Photonic cyrstal fibers RT: Birefringence USE: Photonic crystals Holography Optical mixing Photonic integrated circuits Optical refraction BT: Integrated circuits Photorefractive effect

Photonic metamaterials Photoresists USE: Optical metamaterials USE: Resists

Photonic-crystal fibers Photothermal effects USE: Photonic crystal fibers UF: Optothermal effects Thermal wave imaging Photonic-crystal fibres BT: Photonics USE: Photonic crystal fibers RT: Photoacoustic effects

Photonics Photothyristors BT: Lasers and electrooptics UF: Optothyristors RT: Electromagnetic BT: Thyristors metamaterials RT: Optical switches Epitaxial growth Silicon devices Phototransistors Synapses BT: Photodetectors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 393 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Transistors RT: Optoelectronic devices Physical distribution management Radiation detectors USE: Logistics

Phototubes Physical layer USE: Photoelectricity BT: Open systems NT: Physical layer security Photovoltaic cells UF: Solar cells Physical layer security BT: Electron devices BT: Physical layer Energy conversion RT: Photoelectricity Physical optics Photovoltaic effects BT: Optics Photovoltaic systems NT: Optical refraction NT: Light trapping Optical vortices

Photovoltaic effects Physical theory of diffraction UF: Photogalvanic effects BT: Electromagnetic diffraction BT: Photoelectricity RT: Photovoltaic cells Physical unclonable function Photovoltaic systems UF: PUF NT: Shunts (electrical) Physically unclonable function Photovoltaic power systems BT: Control system security USE: Photovoltaic systems Semiconductor device manufacture Photovoltaic systems RT: Cryptography UF: Photovoltaic power systems Security BT: Solar power generation Semiconductor devices RT: Hybrid power systems Smart devices Photovoltaic cells Photovoltaic effects Physical vapor deposition Water pumps UF: Physical vapor transport NT: Building integrated Physical vapour deposition photovoltaics Physical vapour transport Fill factor (solar cell) BT: Plasma materials Solar panels processing RT: Sputtering Phylogenetic tree USE: Phylogeny Physical vapor transport USE: Physical vapor deposition Phylogenetics USE: Phylogeny Physical vapour deposition USE: Physical vapor deposition Phylogeny UF: Cladistics Physical vapour transport Phylogenetic tree USE: Physical vapor deposition Phylogenetics BT: Evolution (biology) Physically unclonable function USE: Physical unclonable Physical design function BT: System analysis and design Systems engineering and Physician theory USE: Medical services RT: Integrated circuit layout This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 394 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Physics PI controller BT: Science - general USE: PI control RT: Buoyancy NT: Acoustics piano mover's problem Astrophysics USE: Path planning Beams Biophysics Pickling Dark energy BT: Surface treatment Entropy RT: Chemistry Fluid flow Geophysics Pico-hydro High energy physics USE: Picohydro power Kinetic theory Levitation Picohydro power Lorentz covariance UF: Pico-hydro Mechanical factors BT: Hydroelectric power Network theory (graphs) generation Physics education RT: Appropriate technology Quantum mechanics Rydberg atoms Piconets Solid-state physics USE: Personal area networks String theory Thermal factors Picture archiving and communication Waves systems UF: Pacs Physics computing BT: Image communication BT: Computer applications RT: Biomedical communication Biomedical computing Physics education Biomedical imaging BT: Engineering education Physics Picture phones USE: Videophone systems Physiology BT: Biology Picture processing RT: Entomology USE: Image processing NT: Action potentials External stimuli Picturephones Neuromodulation USE: Videophone systems

PhysiStimuli PID control USE: External stimuli USE: PD control

PI control Piecewise linear approximation UF: PI controller BT: Piecewise linear techniques Proportional + integral control Piecewise linear techniques Proportional-integral control BT: Mathematics Proportional-integral RT: Control system analysis controller Control system synthesis Proportional-integral- Difference equations derivative control Nonlinear control systems Proportional-integral- NT: Piecewise linear derivative controller approximation BT: Control systems Piezoceramics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 395 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Piezoelectric materials Pyroelectricity Stress Piezoelectric actuators Ultrasonic transducers BT: Actuators NT: Piezoelectric effect Piezoelectric polarization Piezoelectric devices BT: Dielectric devices Piezomagnetic effects RT: Acoustic devices USE: Magnetomechanical effects Acoustoelectric devices Nanogenerators Piezooptic effects Piezoelectric films BT: Acoustooptic effects Piezoelectric materials RT: Photoelasticity Piezoelectricity Pressure effects Piezoresistive devices Stress Surface acoustic wave devices Piezoresistance UF: Piezoresistive Piezoelectric effect BT: Electric variables BT: Piezoelectricity Resistance RT: Piezoelectricity Piezoelectric effects Piezoresistive devices USE: Piezoelectricity Pressure effects Stress Piezoelectric films BT: Dielectric films Piezoresistive Films USE: Piezoresistance Piezoelectric materials RT: Piezoelectric devices Piezoresistive devices Piezoelectricity UF: Piezoresistors BT: Semiconductor devices Piezoelectric materials RT: Piezoelectric devices UF: Piezoceramics Piezoresistance BT: Dielectric materials Pressure measurement RT: Acoustic materials Crystals Piezoresistors Piezoelectric devices USE: Piezoresistive devices Piezoelectricity NT: Piezoelectric films Pigmentation BT: Color Piezoelectric polarization Materials science and BT: Piezoelectricity technology NT: Pigments Piezoelectric transducers BT: Transducers Pigments BT: Pigmentation Piezoelectricity UF: Piezoelectric effects PIN diodes BT: Electricity USE: PIN photodiodes Ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pin grid arrays RT: Electrostriction USE: Electronics packaging Piezoelectric devices Piezoelectric films PIN photodiodes Piezoelectric materials UF: P-I-N Piezoresistance PIN diodes This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 396 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Photodiodes Pituitary gland BT: Glands Pink noise Nervous system USE: 1/f noise Pixel Pins BT: Digital images BT: Plugs PLA Pinterest USE: Programmable logic arrays USE: Multimedia Web sites Plagiarism Pions BT: Professional USE: Mesons communication RT: Copyright protection Pipeline processing Notice of Violation UF: Computer pipeline Publishing processing Pipelining Planar antennas BT: Parallel processing USE: Planar arrays RT: Multiprocessing systems Systolic arrays Planar array USE: Planar arrays Pipelines BT: Fluid flow Planar arrays RT: Chemical industry UF: Planar antennas Magnetic flux leakage Planar array Materials handling BT: Antenna arrays Natural gas industry Oils Planar motors Petroleum industry BT: Electric motors

Pipelining Planar transmission lines USE: Pipeline processing BT: Transmission lines RT: Spurline Piracy (software) NT: Coplanar transmission lines USE: Computer crime Finline Microstrip Pistons Slot lines BT: Machine components Stripline Mechanical products RT: Bellows Planar waveguides Engine cylinders BT: Electromagnetic Engines waveguides Gaskets RT: Rectangular waveguides Shafts Structural rings Planarisation USE: Planarization Pitch control (audio) BT: Audio systems Planarization Variable speed drives UF: Chemical mechanical planarisation Pitch control (position) Chemical mechanical BT: Mechanical variables planarization control Planarisation BT: Surface treatment This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 397 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Dielectric films RT: Decision making Integrated circuits Economics NT: Meeting planning Planetary chemistry Schedules USE: Astrochemistry Strategic planning Technical planning Planetary composition Technology planning USE: Extraterrestrial measurements AND Plants (biology) Planets BT: Organisms RT: Life sciences Planetary landers NT: Bamboo USE: Land transportation AND Space vehicles Plants (industrial) USE: Industrial plants Planetary oceans USE: Oceans AND Plasma accelerators Planets BT: Particle accelerators Plasma devices Planetary orbits BT: Orbits Plasma applications BT: Plasmas Planetary volcanic activity RT: Low-temperature plasmas USE: Planetary volcanoes Plasma materials processing Planetary volcano NT: Plasma devices USE: Planetary volcanoes Plasma immersion ion implantation Planetary volcanoes Plasma welding UF: Planetary volcanic activity Tokamaks Planetary volcano BT: Volcanoes Plasma chemistry BT: Plasma properties Planets UF: Planetary composition Plasma confinement Planetary oceans BT: Plasmas BT: Solar system NT: Inertial confinement RT: Extraterrestrial phenomena Magnetic confinement NT: Earth Jupiter Plasma density Mars BT: Plasma properties Mercury (planets) Pluto Plasma devices Saturn BT: Plasma applications Venus RT: Gas discharge devices Plasmas Planing NT: Plasma accelerators BT: Machining Plasma jets RT: Finishing Tokamaks Surface roughness Surface treatment Plasma diagnostics BT: Plasmas Planning RT: Plasma measurements UF: System planning BT: Engineering management Plasma display panel This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 398 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Flat panel displays Plasma transport processes Plasma immersion ion implantation BT: Plasmas BT: Ion implantation Plasma applications Plasma waves RT: Semiconductor impurities BT: Waves RT: Plasmas Plasma jets BT: Plasma devices Plasma welding RT: Metal cutting tools BT: Plasma applications Propulsion RT: Joining processes Materials processing Plasma materials processing Plasmas BT: Materials processing RT: Plasma applications Plasma x-ray sources NT: Chemical vapor deposition BT: X-ray imaging Ignition RT: X-ray lasers Physical vapor deposition Plasma-assisted combustion Plasma measurements BT: Combustion BT: Measurement Plasmas RT: Plasma diagnostics Plasmas Plasmas BT: Nuclear and plasma Plasma properties sciences BT: Plasmas RT: Arc discharges RT: Electron mobility Discharges (electric) Stability analysis Ionization NT: Dusty plasmas Ionosphere Plasma chemistry Plasma devices Plasma density Plasma measurements Plasma sheaths Plasma waves Plasma stability Plasma welding Plasma temperature Relativistic effects Plasmons NT: Atmospheric-pressure plasmas Plasma sheaths Low-temperature plasmas BT: Plasma properties Plasma applications Plasma confinement Plasma simulation Plasma diagnostics BT: Plasmas Plasma properties RT: Modeling Plasma simulation Numerical simulation Plasma sources Tokamaks Plasma transport processes Plasma-assisted Plasma sources combustion BT: Plasmas RT: Ion implantation Plasmon Ion sources USE: Plasmons

Plasma stability Plasmonic solar cells BT: Plasma properties USE: Light trapping

Plasma temperature Plasmonics BT: Plasma properties USE: Plasmons This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 399 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Plastic containers Plasmons BT: Manufactured products UF: Plasmon RT: Bottling Plasmonics Chemical industry BT: Plasma properties Chemical products NT: Surface plasmons Chemistry Consumer products Plastic bottles Petrochemicals USE: Plastic products Plastics Plastics industry Plastic containers USE: Plastic products Plastics BT: Chemical products Plastic films Materials BT: Films RT: Petrochemicals Plastics Plastic packaging RT: Plastic insulation Plastic products Plastic insulators Plastics industry Polymers Plastic IC packaging Resins USE: Plastic integrated circuit NT: Epoxy resins packaging Fiber reinforced plastics Plastic films Plastic insulation Plastic optical fiber BT: Insulation RT: Dielectric materials Plastics industry Plastic films BT: Manufacturing industries Plastic insulators RT: Chemical industry Plastic products Plastic insulators Plastics BT: Insulators RT: Fiber reinforced plastics Platform as a service Plastic films UF: PAAS Plastic insulation BT: Cloud computing Plastic packaging Platform virtualization Plastic integrated circuit packaging BT: Computers and information UF: Plastic IC packaging processing BT: Integrated circuit packaging RT: Virtual machine monitors

Plastic optical fiber Plating BT: Optical fibers BT: Materials processing Plastics NT: Chrome plating

Plastic packaging Platinum BT: Packaging BT: Metals RT: Bagging NT: Platinum alloys Electronics packaging Encapsulation Platinum alloys Integrated circuit packaging BT: Platinum Plastic insulators RT: Alloying Plastics Plethysmography Plastic products BT: Biomedical measurement UF: Plastic bottles Medical diagnosis This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 400 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Photoplethysmography Pockels readout optical modulator PLL USE: Electrooptic modulators USE: Phase locked loops Podcast Plug-in electric vehicles USE: Digital audio broadcasting BT: Electric vehicles Poincare group Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles USE: Poincare invariance BT: Hybrid electric vehicles RT: Charging stations Poincare invariance UF: Poincare group Plugboard BT: Transforms USE: Breadboard Point of care Plugs BT: Documentation BT: Connectors Medical services NT: Keyways RT: Biomedical communication Pins Clinical diagnosis Patient monitoring Plumbago Smart healthcare USE: Graphite Point-to-multipoint communications Pluto UF: P2MP BT: Planets PTMP BT: Wireless communication Plutonium RT: Internet BT: Chemical elements Internet telephony pMOSFETs Poisons USE: MOSFET USE: Toxicology

PMU Poisson equation USE: Phasor measurement units USE: Poisson equations

PMUs Poisson equations USE: Phasor measurement units UF: Poisson equation BT: Partial differential equations PNAs RT: Electrostatics USE: Presence network agents Polar codes Pneumatic actuators BT: Block codes BT: Actuators Linear codes RT: Channel coding Pneumatic systems Error correction codes BT: Control systems Reed-Muller codes RT: Bellows Fluidics Polar cyclones Mechanical systems USE: Cyclones

Pneumology Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar USE: Pulmonology BT: Synthetic aperture radar

Pnictide superconductors Polarimetry USE: Superconducting materials UF: Solar polarimetry This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 401 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Electromagnetic Police measurements USE: Law enforcement RT: Ellipsometry Optical retarders Polishing machines BT: Production equipment Polarisation RT: Deburring USE: Polarization Rough surfaces Surface finishing Polaritons Surface roughness BT: Energy states NT: Surface plasmon polaritons Pollution BT: Environmental factors Polarization RT: Contamination UF: Circular polarisation Design for disassembly Circular polarization Environmental economics Polarisation Green products BT: Electromagnetic scattering Occupational health Pollution control Polarization mode dispersion Pollution measurement UF: Polarization-mode Sewage treatment dispersion Toxicology BT: Optical fiber polarization Waste disposal NT: Air pollution Polarization shift keying Emissions trading BT: Optical polarization Industrial pollution Land pollution Polarization-maintaining optical fibers Oil pollution USE: Optical fiber polarization Radioactive pollution Thermal pollution Polarization-mode dispersion Urban pollution USE: Polarization mode Water pollution dispersion Pollution control Poles & zeros BT: Environmental USE: Poles and zeros management RT: Carbon emissions Poles and towers Decontamination UF: Pylons Electrostatic precipitators Towers Environmental monitoring Wood poles Greenhouse effect BT: Transmission lines Ozonation RT: Power distribution lines Pollution Power transmission lines Pollution measurement NT: Telephone poles Sewage treatment Sludge treatment Poles and zeros UF: Poles & zeros Pollution measurement Roots BT: Measurement Zeros RT: Environmental monitoring BT: Transfer functions Pollution RT: Circuits Pollution control Control systems Newton method Polonium Polynomials BT: Chemical elements

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Polycaprolactone RT: Ceramic products BT: Polymers Ceramics industry RT: Smart materials Porous silicon Polyethylene BT: Silicon BT: Polymers NT: Thermoplastic polyethylene Portable computers UF: Laptops Polyimides Portable PCs BT: Polymers BT: Microcomputers NT: Handheld computers Polymer coatings USE: Polymer films Portable document format UF: PDF Polymer films BT: Document handling UF: Polymer coatings RT: Document image BT: Films processing RT: Dielectric thin films Portable media players Polymer foams UF: MP3 BT: Materials Portable Multimedia players RT: Insulation Portable video players Insulators iPOD Metal foam BT: Audio systems Resins Digital communication Home automation Polymer gels RT: Digital audio broadcasting BT: Materials Tablet computers

Polymer led Portable Multimedia players USE: Organic light emitting USE: Portable media players diodes Portable PCs Polymers USE: Portable computers UF: Electroactive polymers BT: Materials Portable video players RT: Colloidal lithography USE: Portable media players Plastics NT: Azobenzene Portals Biopolymers BT: Management information Liquid crystal polymers systems Optical polymers RT: Information retrieval Polycaprolactone Web sites Polyethylene Polyimides Portfolios UF: Electronic portfolios Polynomials BT: Professional BT: Equations communication RT: Poles and zeros Pose estimation PON BT: Estimation USE: Passive optical networks RT: Computer vision

Porcelain Position control BT: Ceramics UF: Orientation control This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 403 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Mechanical variables BT: Probability control RT: Fuzzy logic RT: Attitude control Nonlinear dynamical Capacitive transducers systems Manipulators Mechanical guides Post human Servosystems USE: Posthuman NT: Nanopositioning Post-filtering algorithm Position measurement USE: Filtering algorithms UF: Attitude determination Orientation determination Post-human Orientation measurement USE: Posthuman Source location BT: Mechanical variables Post-wall waveguides measurement USE: Substrate integrated RT: Direction-of-arrival waveguides estimation Distance measurement Postal services Gaze tracking UF: Mail Geodesy BT: Message systems Location awareness RT: Electronic mail Navigation Tracking Posthuman UF: Post human Position sensitive particle detectors Post-human BT: Ionizing radiation sensors BT: Systems, man, and RT: High energy physics cybernetics instrumentation computing RT: Artificial intelligence Nuclear measurements Transhuman Particle measurements Semiconductor counters Postscript USE: Page description languages Positive train control BT: Control systems Potassium Rail transportation BT: Chemical elements RT: Feedback Railway accidents Potential energy Railway safety BT: Energy conservation RT: Kinetic energy Positron emission tomography Mechanical energy UF: PET BT: Tomography Potential transformers RT: Biomedical applications of USE: Voltage transformers radiation Medical diagnostic imaging Potential well Nuclear medicine UF: Potential wells Phantoms Quantum confinement Tumors BT: Energy conversion NT: Whole-body PET Potential wells Positrons USE: Potential well BT: Elementary particles Potentiometers Possibility theory BT: Meters This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 404 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Resistors BT: Electric variables control Voltage measurement RT: Electric current control Power factor correction POTS Pulse width modulation USE: Landline converters

Powders Power conversion BT: Coatings BT: Converters RT: Ceramics RT: Choppers (circuits) Maximum power point Power amplifiers trackers UF: Radio frequency power Nonlinear circuits amplifiers Power conditioning Radiofrequency power Power electronics amplifiers Power semiconductor BT: Amplifiers devices NT: High power amplifiers Power supplies Predistortion Pulse width modulation converters Power and energy standards Regulators BT: Standards categories Switched systems NT: AC-AC converters Power cable insulation AC-DC power converters BT: Cable insulation DC-AC power converters RT: Power cables DC-DC power converters Matrix converters Power cables Power conversion BT: Cables harmonics Power transmission lines Voltage-source converters RT: Conductors Power cable insulation Power conversion harmonics Power distribution lines BT: Power conversion NT: Underground power cables RT: Harmonic distortion

Power capacitors Power demand BT: Capacitors UF: Power consumption NT: Supercapacitors BT: Power supplies Power system planning Power combiners RT: Electricity supply industry BT: Waveguide components Energy conservation RT: Microstrip components Energy resources Power dividers Load management Stripline components Load modeling Power distribution Power conditioning NT: Demand response BT: Power electronics Load forecasting RT: Power conversion Pulse width modulation Power dissipation converters BT: Circuits NT: Power smoothing RT: CMOS logic circuits MOSFET circuits Power consumption Nanotechnology USE: Power demand Power transmission System-on-chip Power control This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 405 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Power distribution Power electronics UF: Distribution of electric UF: Electric power power RT: High-voltage techniques BT: Power systems Matrix converters RT: Electricity supply industry Power conversion Industrial power systems Power filters Load shedding Pulse width modulation Power demand converters Transactive energy Rectifiers NT: DC distribution systems Resonant inverters Power distribution control Switching converters Power distribution faults Voltage-source converters Power distribution lines NT: Adiabatic Power distribution networks Converters Power distribution planning Current limiters Power distribution reliability Gate drivers Inverters Power distribution control Phase control BT: Power distribution Power conditioning RT: Voltage control Power semiconductor devices Power distribution faults Power semiconductor BT: Power distribution switches Snubbers Power distribution lines Three-phase electric power UF: Overhead distribution lines BT: Power distribution Power engineering RT: Conductors BT: Power engineering and Poles and towers energy Power cables RT: Power engineering education Power distribution networks NT: Ferroresonance BT: Power distribution High-voltage techniques RT: Microgrids Power engineering Power grids computing Smart grids Power system simulation NT: Active distribution networks Power engineering and energy Power distribution planning RT: Electrochemical devices BT: Power distribution NT: Electric variables control Power system planning Energy Power engineering Power distribution reliability Power generation BT: Power distribution Power systems Power system reliability Power engineering computing Power distribution transformers BT: Computer applications USE: Power transformers Power engineering RT: Power system analysis Power dividers computing BT: Waveguide components RT: Microstrip components Power engineering education Power combiners BT: Engineering education Stripline components RT: Power engineering

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Power exchange Magnetohydrodynamic USE: Power markets power generation Nuclear power generation Power factor Power generation control USE: Reactive power Power generation dispatch Power generation planning Power factor correction Power generation reliability BT: Electric current control Solar power generation Load flow control Trigeneration RT: Power control Turbomachinery Power transmission Wind energy generation Voltage control Wind power generation

Power filters Power generation control UF: Power line filters BT: Automatic control BT: Filters Power generation RT: Power electronics NT: Spurline Power generation dispatch BT: Power generation Power flow USE: Load flow Power generation economics BT: Economics Power flow analysis RT: Power generation USE: Load flow analysis NT: Electricity supply industry deregulation Power flow control USE: Load flow control Power generation planning BT: Power generation Power generation UF: Generation of electric Power generation reliability power BT: Power generation Output power Power plants Power grids Power stations UF: Electricity grids BT: Power engineering and BT: Power systems energy RT: Power distribution networks RT: Batteries Wind energy integration Fuel cells NT: Microgrids Generators Smart grids Microgrids Power generation Power harmonic filters economics BT: Power system harmonics Power supplies Pulsed power systems Power harvesting Space power stations USE: Energy harvesting NT: Automatic generation control Power industry Cogeneration UF: Electric utilities Distributed power BT: Industries generation RT: Offshore installations Geothermal power Power system faults generation Telecontrol equipment Hydroelectric power NT: Electrical equipment generation industry Electricity supply industry This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 407 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Nuclear facility regulation USE: Power system reliability Power system interconnection Power overhead lines BT: Power transmission lines Power injection molding RT: Railway electrification USE: Injection molding Power plants Power injection moulding USE: Power generation USE: Injection molding Power pools Power integrated circuits USE: Power markets BT: Circuits Integrated circuits Power quality RT: Power semiconductor UF: Power supply quality devices Voltage sags BT: Power supplies Power lasers RT: Electricity supply industry BT: Lasers Power system harmonics RT: Power semiconductor Power system transients devices Power semiconductor devices Power line communications BT: Power electronics BT: Transmission lines Semiconductor devices RT: Power MOSFET Power line filters Power conversion USE: Power filters Power integrated circuits Power lasers Power management NT: Power transistors USE: Power system management Power semiconductor switches Power markets BT: Power electronics UF: Electricity markets Semiconductor devices Electricity trading NT: Bipolar transistors Power exchange Thyristors Power pools Power trading Power smoothing Power wheeling BT: Power conditioning BT: Electricity supply industry deregulation Power spectra RT: Emissions trading USE: Spectral analysis Power transmission Transactive energy Power stations USE: Power generation Power measurement BT: Electric variables Power stations (space) measurement USE: Space power stations RT: Wattmeters NT: Dynamometers Power stations (substations) USE: Substations Power MOSFET BT: MOSFET circuits Power steering RT: Power semiconductor BT: Automotive engineering devices Power supplies Power outages BT: Power systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 408 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Power conversion Power generation Power system faults Pulsed power systems BT: Power systems Uninterruptible power RT: Electricity supply industry systems Error correction NT: Battery chargers Fuzzy set theory Charging stations Power industry Current supplies Power system protection Emergency power supplies Signal analysis Inductive charging Islanding Power system harmonics Power demand BT: Power systems Power quality RT: Power quality Power system restoration NT: Power harmonic filters Switched mode power supplies Power system interconnection Traction power supplies BT: Power industry Umbilical cable RT: Power systems Power transmission Power supplies to apparatus USE: Umbilical cable Power system management UF: Power management Power supply industry Telecommunication power USE: Electricity supply industry management BT: Power systems Power supply quality RT: Microgrids USE: Power quality Monitoring Preventive maintenance Power system analysis computing NT: Load flow BT: Computer applications Power systems Power system measurements RT: Digital simulation BT: Power systems Modeling NT: Meter reading Parameter estimation Power engineering Power system modeling computing BT: Modeling Software packages RT: Power systems NT: Load modeling Power system control BT: Electric variables control Power system planning RT: Control system security BT: Power systems Power systems RT: Demand side management NT: Bidirectional power flow Electricity supply industry Load flow control NT: Power demand SCADA systems Power distribution planning

Power system dynamics Power system protection BT: Power systems BT: Power systems Product safety engineering Power system economics RT: Arresters BT: Power systems Circuit breakers RT: Electricity supply industry Fuses deregulation Grounding Transactive energy Power system faults NT: Low-carbon economy Power system transients This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 409 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Protective relaying Power system relaying NT: Electrical safety Power system restoration Substation protection Power system security Surge protection Power system simulation Skin effect Power system relaying Telecontrol equipment BT: Relays Time-frequency analysis RT: Power systems Voltage fluctuations Protective relaying NT: Data center power Hybrid power systems Power system reliability Industrial power systems UF: Power outages PSCAD BT: Power systems Power distribution RT: Microgrids Power grids Power system stability Power supplies Reliability Power system analysis NT: Power distribution reliability computing Power system dynamics Power system restoration Power system economics BT: Power supplies Power system faults RT: Electricity supply industry Power system harmonics Power systems Power system management Power system Power system security measurements BT: Security Power system planning RT: Load flow analysis Power system protection Power systems Power system reliability Reactive power control Power system stability Power transmission Power system simulation Pulsed power systems BT: Power engineering Reactive power RT: Power systems Substations Transformers Power system stability Uninterruptible power BT: Power systems systems RT: Power system reliability Wind energy integration

Power system transients Power Systems Computer Aided Design BT: Electromagnetic transients USE: PSCAD RT: Arresters Power quality Power trading Power system protection USE: Power markets NT: Transient analysis Power transformer insulation Power systems BT: Power transformers UF: Electric power RT: Insulation BT: Power engineering and energy Power transformers RT: Civil engineering UF: Power distribution Mechanical power transformers transmission BT: Transformers Power system control RT: Transformer cores Power system Windings interconnection NT: On load tap changers Power system modeling This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 410 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Power transformer Powered exoskeleton insulation USE: Wearable robots

Power transistors Powertrain BT: Power semiconductor USE: Mechanical power devices transmission RT: Driver circuits Praeseodymium Power transmission USE: Praseodymium UF: Transmission of electric power Pragmatics BT: Power systems BT: Linguistics RT: Electric current control Semiotics Load flow analysis RT: Communication symbols Magnetic gears Context Power dissipation Natural language Power factor correction processing Power markets Professional Power system communication interconnection Power transmission lines Praseodymium NT: Common Information Model UF: Praeseodymium (electricity) BT: Chemical elements DC power transmission Flexible AC transmission Pre-college engineering systems UF: Precollege engineering HVDC transmission BT: Educational programs Inductive power transmission Preamplifiers Static VAr compensators BT: Amplifiers Transmission lines Wireless power Precision engineering transmission BT: Engineering - general RT: Industrial engineering Power transmission lines Mechanical engineering UF: Overhead transmission lines Precision medicine BT: Transmission lines BT: Medical treatment RT: Conductors DC distribution systems Precoding Poles and towers BT: Encoding Power transmission Superconducting Precollege engineering transmission lines USE: Pre-college engineering NT: Gas insulated transmission lines Predator prey systems Power cables UF: Predator-prey models Power overhead lines Predator-prey systems BT: Biology Power wheeling Mathematics USE: Power markets RT: Chaos Differential equations Powered armor Game theory USE: Wearable robots Nonlinear dynamical systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 411 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Stability BT: Maintenance engineering

Predator-prey models Predictive models USE: Predator prey systems BT: Prediction methods RT: Predictive analytics Predator-prey systems USE: Predator prey systems Predistortion UF: Inverse distortion Prediction algorithms BT: Power amplifiers BT: Algorithms RT: Nonlinear distortion

Prediction methods Prefabricated buildings BT: Artificial intelligence USE: Prefabricated construction RT: Estimation Forecasting Prefabricated construction Gaussian processes UF: Prefabricated buildings Kalman filters BT: Construction Prediction theory Construction industry Signal processing RT: Building materials Spectral analysis Buildings Speech processing Modular construction NT: Linear predictive coding Predictive coding Prefetching Predictive encoding BT: Instruction sets Predictive models Preforms Prediction theory BT: Assembly BT: Statistics RT: Artificial intelligence Pregnancy Estimation UF: Pregnant Prediction methods BT: Medical conditions

Predictive analysis Pregnancy test USE: Predictive analytics BT: Medical tests

Predictive analytics Pregnant UF: Predictive analysis USE: Pregnancy BT: Statistical analysis RT: Data mining Presence network agents Machine learning UF: PNAs Predictive models BT: Communications technology Predictive coding BT: Prediction methods Presses BT: Machine tools Predictive control RT: Dies UF: Model predictive control Pressing Model-predictive control BT: Process control Pressing RT: Control engineering BT: Materials processing RT: Presses Predictive encoding BT: Prediction methods Pressure control BT: Control systems Predictive maintenance This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 412 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Pressure effects BT: Statistical analysis BT: Mechanical factors RT: Feature extraction RT: Meteorology Independent component Piezooptic effects analysis Piezoresistance Linear systems Operations research Pressure gauges Pattern recognition BT: Instruments Transform coding RT: Atmospheric measurements Print readers Density measurement USE: Character recognition Fluid flow measurement Force measurement Printed circuit boards Geophysical measurements USE: Printed circuits Pressure measurement Pressure sensors Printed circuits Torque measurement UF: Circuit boards Printed circuit boards Pressure measurement BT: Circuits BT: Measurement RT: Electronics packaging RT: Piezoresistive devices Integrated circuit layout Pressure gauges Substrates Pressure sensors Wiring Tactile sensors NT: Flexible printed circuits NT: Altimetry Memory modules Tire pressure Printers Pressure sensors BT: Computer peripherals BT: Sensors RT: Printing RT: Pressure gauges NT: Laser printers Pressure measurement Printing Pressure vessels BT: Information technology BT: Mechanical products RT: Character generation RT: Concrete Ink Fission reactors Lithography Mechanical engineering Printers Steel Printing machinery Publishing Preventive maintenance Typesetting BT: Maintenance engineering NT: Digital printing RT: Accident prevention Ink jet printing Power system management Teleprinting Reliability Three-dimensional printing Safety NT: Condition monitoring Printing machinery UF: Printing presses Pricing BT: Machinery BT: Financial management RT: Printing

Primary motor cortex Printing presses BT: Brain USE: Printing machinery

Principal component analysis Privacy UF: PCA BT: Technology social factors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 413 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Authorization Fourier transforms Communication system Gamma distribution security Information geometry Computer security Maximum likelihood Cryptography detection Cyberethics Monte Carlo methods Data privacy Naive Bayes methods Data protection Random processes Data security Statistical analysis Differential privacy Statistics General Data Protection Stochastic processes Regulation Stochastic systems Malware Viterbi algorithm Network intrusion Weibull distribution Trust management NT: Ant colony optimization NT: Eavesdropping Bayes methods Privacy breach Error probability Forecasting Privacy breach Memoryless systems BT: Information security Pairwise error probability Privacy Possibility theory RT: Data breach Probability distribution Data security Random variables Statistical distributions Privacy preserving data mining Uncertainty USE: Data privacy Probability computing Privacy-invasive software BT: Computers and information UF: Invasive software processing BT: Software RT: Computer crime Probability density function Computer security BT: Integral equations Unsolicited e-mail RT: Distribution functions NT: Spyware Probability distribution Privatisation BT: Probability USE: Privatization NT: Exponential distribution Log-normal distribution Privatization Maxwell-Boltzmann UF: Privatisation distribution BT: Macroeconomics Nakagami distribution RT: Industrial economics Probes Probabilistic computing BT: Instruments BT: Computers and information processing Problem-solving BT: Cognitive science Probabilistic logic RT: Human factors BT: Logic RT: Mixture models Process control BT: Industrial control Probability RT: Bleaching BT: Mathematics Chemical reactors RT: Belief propagation Continuous production Distribution functions Manufacturing automation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 414 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Process design RT: Contracts Process modeling Logistics Process planning Proposals Production control Supply chains NT: Predictive control Three-term control Product codes Two-term control BT: Codes RT: Decoding Process design Error correction BT: Design methodology Radiofrequency RT: Chemical engineering identification Design for disassembly NT: Bar codes Design for quality Process control Product customisation Process planning USE: Product customization Product design Service computing Product customization NT: Pattern formation UF: Product customisation Process modeling BT: Product development RT: Customer satisfaction Process modeling Manufactured products BT: Modeling Product design Process design RT: Process control Product design BT: Design methodology Process monitoring RT: Concurrent engineering BT: Monitoring Design for disassembly Design for quality Process planning Design tools BT: Management Group technology Production Manufactured products Production management Process design Production planning Product customization RT: Process control Product development Process design Prototypes NT: Business process Requirements engineering integration Business process Product development management BT: Crowdsourcing Cause effect analysis Engineering management Root cause analysis RT: Brand management Manufactured products Processor scheduling Product design UF: Multiprocessor scheduling Quality function deployment BT: Concurrency control Rapid prototyping Multiprocessing systems Reverse engineering RT: Microprocessors Virtual prototyping Optimization methods NT: Graphical user interfaces NT: Scheduling algorithms Product customization Product lifecycle Processors (program) management USE: Program processors Software product lines Time to market Procurement BT: Supply chain management Product liability This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 415 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Legal factors Production engineering RT: Consumer products Production equipment Product safety Production facilities Quality assurance Production management Quality management Production materials NT: Warranties Production systems Productivity Product life cycle management Shafts USE: Product lifecycle Springs management Transfer molding

Product lifecycle management Production control UF: Product life cycle BT: Industrial control management Production System lifecycle RT: Adaptive scheduling management Cellular manufacturing BT: Product development Group technology RT: Release engineering Inventory control NT: Prognostics and health Manufacturing management Process control Production systems Product safety Supply chain management BT: Safety NT: Continuous production RT: Accidents Lot sizing Consumer products Optimized production Product liability technology Scheduling Product safety engineering RT: Software safety Production economics NT: Consumer protection USE: Industrial economics Power system protection Safety Production engineering Vehicle crash testing BT: Engineering - general Production Product warranties RT: Industrial engineering USE: Warranties Inventory management Manufacturing Product warranty Manufacturing systems USE: Warranties Production equipment Production management Production Production materials BT: Industry applications NT: Production planning RT: Containers Wheels Production equipment Wire drawing BT: Production NT: Ball milling RT: Gears Compression molding Machinery Embossing Materials handling Food products equipment Group technology Production engineering Injection molding NT: Applicators Materials processing Clamps Mechanical products Cutting tools Process planning Fixtures Production control Machine tools This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 416 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Mining equipment Inhibitors Molding equipment Ink Packaging machines Joining materials Paper making machines Lubricants Polishing machines Retardants Soldering equipment Production planning Production facilities BT: Production engineering UF: Factories Production management Manufacturing facilities RT: Demand forecasting BT: Production Lead time reduction RT: Manufacturing Optimized production Warehousing technology NT: Foundries NT: Capacity planning Greenhouses Materials requirements Industrial facilities planning Industrial plants Process planning Machine shops Paper mills Production systems BT: Production Production management RT: Discrete-event systems UF: Manufacturing Industrial plants management Manufacturing BT: Management Optimized production Production technology RT: Continuous improvement Production control Continuous production NT: Assembly systems Industrial engineering Exhaust systems Inventory control Intelligent manufacturing Lean production systems Mass production Lean production Production engineering Manufacturing systems Productivity Steering systems Research and development management Productivity Technology management UF: Labor productivity Waste management Labour productivity NT: Control charts BT: Production Inventory management RT: Business Lead time reduction Human factors Logistics Incentive schemes Process planning Industrial psychology Production planning Management Manufacturing Production materials Personnel BT: Materials Production management Production Profitability RT: Additives Cast iron Professional aspects Chemical products BT: Engineering profession Hydraulic fluids Production engineering Professional communication NT: Abrasives UF: Technical communication Aerospace materials RT: Collaborative work Automotive materials Cooperative communication This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 417 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Pragmatics USE: Automatic programming Semantics Semiotics Program management Syntactics UF: Programme management NT: Collaboration BT: Management Communication aids RT: Project management Communication Technical management effectiveness Communication symbols Program processors Context UF: Assemblers (program) Databases Compilers (program) Global communication Interpreters (program) Grammar Multi-threaded systems Information analysis Multi-threading systems Information integrity Multithreaded systems Information resources Multithreading systems Information retrieval Processors (program) Information science BT: System software Information services RT: Input-output programs Information systems Manycore processors Information technology Operating systems Manuals NT: Application specific Meetings processors Oral communication Graphics processing units Plagiarism Instruction sets Portfolios Optimizing compilers Professional societies Public speaking Program profiling Rhetoric USE: Programming Writing Programmable circuits Professional societies BT: Circuits BT: Professional NT: Field programmable analog communication arrays Programmable logic arrays Profit sharing schemes Programmable logic USE: Incentive schemes devices

Profitability Programmable control BT: Economics BT: Digital control RT: Cost accounting RT: Industrial control Econometrics Manufacturing automation Financial management NT: Flow graphs Productivity Programmable logic arrays Progenitor cells UF: PLA BT: Cells (biology) BT: Circuits RT: Stem cells Logic arrays Logic circuits Prognostics and health management Programmable circuits UF: PHM RT: Programmable logic BT: Product lifecycle devices management Programmable logic controllers Program generators This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 418 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Programmable logic Programming environments devices BT: Software engineering RT: Computer aided software Programmable logic devices engineering UF: Programmable logic Programming controllers Software debugging BT: Circuits Software tools Logic devices Programmable circuits Programming languages RT: High level synthesis USE: Computer languages Programmable logic arrays Programming profession Programmable read only memory UF: Computer programming USE: PROM profession BT: Programming Programme management RT: Employment USE: Program management Engineering profession

Programmed instruction Project engineering USE: Educational technology BT: Engineering management NT: Scheduling Programming Turnkey project UF: Program profiling BT: Computer science Project management RT: Aerospace and electronic BT: Management systems RT: Building information Digital computers management Flowcharts Concurrent engineering Null value Lead time reduction Programming environments Program management Runtime Requirements engineering Self-assembly Requirements management Software Research and development Software debugging management Software tools Scrum (Software Structured Query Language development) Syntactics System integration NT: Augmented reality Technology management Automatic programming NT: Proposals Concatenated codes Turnkey project Functional programming Granular computing Projectiles Integer linear programming BT: Weapons Logic programming Microprogramming Projection algorithms Object oriented methods BT: Algorithms Object oriented programming Projective geometry Opportunistic software BT: Geometry systems development Parallel programming Projective shadowing Performance analysis USE: Shadow mapping Programming profession Robot programming projectors (optical) USE: Optical projectors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 419 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Chemical products PROM UF: Programmable read only Propellers memory BT: Aircraft propulsion BT: Read only memory RT: Aircraft NT: EPROM Blades Engines Promethium Impellers BT: Chemical elements Marine vehicles Shafts Promotion - marketing UF: Sales promotion Proportional + derivative control BT: Marketing management USE: PD control RT: Public relations Proportional + integral control Proof of Work USE: PI control BT: Computer security Protocols Proportional control RT: Blockchain BT: Control systems Denial-of-service attack Proportional derivative control Propagation USE: PD control UF: Wave equations Wave propagation Proportional plus derivative control BT: Waves USE: PD control RT: Damping Electromagnetic Proportional-derivative control waveguides USE: PD control NT: Attenuation Electromagnetic Proportional-integral control propagation USE: PI control Insertion loss Nonlinear wave Proportional-integral controller propagation USE: PI control Perfectly matched layers Reflection Proportional-integral-derivative Scattering USE: PD control Transient response Proportional-integral-derivative control Propagation constant USE: PI control BT: Electromagnetic propagation Proportional-integral-derivative controller USE: PI control Propagation delay BT: Delay effects Proposals UF: Technical proposals Propagation loss BT: Project management USE: Propagation losses RT: Contracts Procurement Propagation losses Technical requirements UF: Propagation loss Writing BT: Electromagnetic propagation Propulsion BT: Vehicular and wireless Propellants technologies This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 420 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Engines Occupational safety Plasma jets Security Traction motors Uninterruptible power Vehicle-to-grid systems NT: Aerospace propulsion NT: Explosion protection Aircraft propulsion Lightning protection Electromagnetic launching Radiation protection Electrothermal launching Rockets Protection switching UF: Automatic protection Prosencephalon switching USE: Forebrain BT: Optical fiber networks

Prostate cancer Protective clothing BT: Cancer BT: Clothing Safety devices Prosthesis RT: Clothing industry USE: Prosthetics Eye protection Occupational health Prosthetic hand Occupational safety BT: Prosthetics Personal protective equipment Prosthetic limbs Safety BT: Prosthetics Protective relaying Prosthetics UF: Distance relays UF: Hip joint replacements Protective relays Knee joint replacements BT: Relays Neural prostheses RT: Instrument transformers Prosthesis Power system protection BT: Medical services Power system relaying RT: Assistive technology Bioceramics Protective relays Biological control systems USE: Protective relaying Biomedical equipment Medical control systems Protein engineering Orthotics BT: Biomedical engineering Sensory aids Wearable robots Protein sequence NT: Artificial biological organs BT: Proteins Artificial limbs Prosthetic hand Proteins Prosthetic limbs BT: Biochemistry Visual prosthesis NT: Protein sequence

Protactinium Proteomics BT: Chemical elements BT: Molecular biomarkers

Protection Protocols BT: Safety UF: Communication protocols RT: Circuit breakers BT: Communication systems Fuses RT: Ad hoc networks Galvanizing Bluetooth Grounding Concurrency control Hazardous areas Frame relay This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 421 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

IEEE 802.11 Standard Thermal factors IEEE 802.11e Standard NT: Proton radiation effects IEEE 802.11g Standard Single event latchup IEEE 802.11n Standard IPTV Proton radiation effects Internet of Things BT: Proton effects Local area networks RT: Bipolar transistors Metropolitan area networks Ion radiation effects Multicarrier code division Protons multiple access Radiation effects Software defined Semiconductor devices networking Silicon-on-insulator TCPIP Wide area networks Proton therapy NT: Access protocols BT: Medical treatment Asynchronous transfer RT: Biological effects of mode radiation Consensus protocol Cryptographic protocols Protons Master-slave BT: Elementary particles Multicast protocols RT: Cosmic rays Multiprotocol label Ions switching Proton accelerators Proof of Work Proton effects Routing protocols Proton radiation effects Smart contracts Transport protocols Prototypes Wireless application BT: Design methodology protocol RT: Laser sintering Zero knowledge proof Product design Stereolithography Proton accelerators Virtual prototyping BT: Particle accelerators NT: Breadboard RT: Ion accelerators Rapid prototyping Protons Proximity effects Proton beam effects UF: Current crowding USE: Proton effects BT: Electromagnetics RT: Conductors Proton beams Lithography USE: Particle beams Pry and Bean model Proton effects USE: Bean model UF: Biological effects of protons Proton beam effects PSCAD BT: Electrothermal effects UF: Power Systems Computer Quantum mechanics Aided Design RT: Elementary particle BT: Design automation exchange interactions Power systems Elementary particles Software packages High energy physics RT: EMTDC instrumentation computing Protons Pseudobinary semiconductors Radiation effects USE: Semiconductor materials Space vehicles This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 422 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Pseudomorphic HEMTs Mental health USE: PHEMTs Mood Neuropsychology Pseudonoise coded communication Psychometric testing USE: Spread spectrum communication Psychometric testing BT: Psychology Pseudonoise coded radar RT: Industrial psychology USE: Spread spectrum radar PTMP Pseudorandom sequences USE: Point-to-multipoint USE: Random sequences communications

PSK Public domain software USE: Phase shift keying BT: Open Access Software PSNR RT: Copyright protection UF: Peak signal to noise ratio Open data Peak signal-to-noise ratio Open source software BT: Signal to noise ratio NT: Python R language pSPICE USE: SPICE Public finance UF: Government borrowing PSTN Government expenditure USE: Communication networks BT: Governmental factors RT: Financial management Psychiatry Government BT: Behavioral sciences Macroeconomics RT: Medical treatment NT: Mental disorders Public health USE: Public healthcare Psychoacoustic models BT: Auditory system Public healthcare NT: Masking threshold UF: Public health BT: Medical services Psychoacoustics RT: Epidemiology BT: Acoustics RT: Auditory system Public infrastructure BT: Asset management Psychology RT: Electricity supply industry BT: Behavioral sciences Environmental Social sciences management RT: Affective computing Government policies Cognition Public policy Cognitive science Rural areas Digital intelligence Urban areas Emotion recognition Urban planning Employee welfare NT: Critical infrastructure Persuasive systems Social engineering Public key (security) BT: Cryptography NT: Active perception NT: Public key cryptography Emotional responses Industrial psychology Public key cryptography This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 423 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Public key cryptosystems Publish/subscrbe systems BT: Public key USE: Publish subscribe systems NT: Elliptic curve cryptography Identity-based encryption Publishing BT: Computer applications Public key cryptosystems RT: Bibliographies USE: Public key cryptography Copyright protection Digital printing Public policy Document handling BT: Government policies Guidelines RT: Public infrastructure Plagiarism Printing Public relations Text processing BT: Management NT: Bibliometrics RT: Customer relationship Company reports management Desktop publishing Marketing management Electronic publishing Promotion - marketing Journalism Open Access Public speaking Scientific publishing UF: Speechmaking BT: Oral communication PUF Professional USE: Physical unclonable communication function RT: Meetings Pulleys Public switched telephone network BT: Materials handling USE: Communication networks equipment RT: Freight handling Public transportation Lifting equipment UF: Subways Loading Taxi Trolley cars Pulmonary diseases Uber UF: Lung diseases BT: Transportation Respiratory diseases RT: Light rail systems BT: Diseases Rail transportation RT: Lung Urban areas Respiratory system

Publish subscribe systems Pulmonology UF: Publish-subscribe systems UF: Chest medicine Publish/subscrbe systems Pneumology BT: Message systems Respiratory medicine RT: Content management Respirology Middleware BT: Medical specialties Pattern recognition RT: Lung Queueing analysis Respiratory system

Publish-subscribe Pulp and paper industry BT: Distributed information UF: Paper industry systems BT: Manufacturing industries RT: Forestry Publish-subscribe systems Paper products USE: Publish subscribe systems Paper pulp Paper technology This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 424 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Pulp manufacturing Biomedical measurement Spinning machines RT: Noninvasive treatment Wood industry Pulse oximetry NT: Paper making Paper making machines Pulse oximetry Paper mills BT: Instrumentation and measurement Pulp manufacturing Noninvasive treatment BT: Manufacturing systems RT: Biomedical measurement RT: Paper making Oxygen Paper making machines Pulse oximeter Paper mills Remote sensing Paper pulp Pulp and paper industry Pulse shaping Wood industry USE: Pulse shaping methods

Pulse amplifiers Pulse shaping methods BT: Amplifiers UF: Pulse shaping BT: Signal processing Pulse circuits NT: Optical pulse shaping UF: Bistable multivibrator BT: Circuits Pulse transformers RT: Digital circuits BT: Transformers NT: Flip-flops Pulse width modulated power converters Pulse compression methods USE: Pulse width modulation BT: Signal processing converters NT: Optical pulse compression Pulse width modulation Pulse generation UF: PWM UF: Impulse generation Pulsewidth modulation Pulse generators Pulsewidth-modulation BT: Signal generators BT: Modulation NT: Optical pulse generation RT: AC generators AC machines Pulse generators AC motors USE: Pulse generation Converters DC generators Pulse inverters DC machines UF: Logic inverters DC motors BT: Inverters Pulse width modulation RT: Logic circuits converters NT: Pulse width modulation Pulse measurements inverters UF: Impulse measurements Space vector pulse width BT: Measurement modulation RT: Electric variables measurement Pulse width modulation converters UF: PWM converters Pulse modulation PWM convertors BT: Modulation Pulse width modulated RT: Demodulation power converters Pulse width modulation Pulse oximeter convertors BT: Biomedical equipment This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 425 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Pulsewidth modulation converters Pulsewidth modulation converters Pulsewidth modulation USE: Pulse width modulation convertors converters BT: Converters RT: Power conditioning Pulsewidth modulation convertors Power control USE: Pulse width modulation Power conversion converters Power electronics Pulse width modulation Pulsewidth-modulation Voltage-source converters USE: Pulse width modulation

Pulse width modulation convertors Pump lasers USE: Pulse width modulation BT: Lasers converters Pumping of lasers Pulse width modulation inverters USE: Laser excitation UF: PWM inverters PWM invertors Pumps Pulse width modulation BT: Machinery invertors RT: Bellows BT: Pulse width modulation Compressors RT: AC motors Impellers AC-DC power converters Turbomachinery Converters NT: Fuel pumps DC motors Heat pumps DC-DC power converters Insulin pumps Micropumps Pulse width modulation invertors Water pumps USE: Pulse width modulation inverters Punching BT: Materials processing Pulsed electroacoustic methods RT: Sheet metal processing BT: Acoustoelectric effects RT: Acoustoelectric devices Pupils Charge measurement BT: Eyes Insulation testing RT: Ophthalmology Space charge Purification Pulsed laser deposition BT: Cleaning BT: Chemical vapor deposition RT: Air cleaners Decontamination Pulsed power supplies Refining BT: Pulsed power systems Sugar refining

Pulsed power systems Pursuit algorithms BT: Power systems BT: Algorithms RT: Energy storage High-voltage techniques PWM Power generation USE: Pulse width modulation Power supplies NT: Pulsed power supplies PWM converters USE: Pulse width modulation Pulsewidth modulation converters USE: Pulse width modulation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 426 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

PWM convertors qbit USE: Pulse width modulation USE: Qubit converters QCD vacuum PWM inverters USE: Elementary particle vacuum USE: Pulse width modulation inverters QFD USE: Quality function deployment PWM invertors USE: Pulse width modulation QFP inverters USE: Electronics packaging

Pylons QoE USE: Poles and towers USE: Quality of experience

Pyroelectric devices QoS BT: Dielectric devices USE: Quality of service RT: Pyroelectricity Qox Pyroelectricity USE: Quality of experience BT: Electricity Ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, QPSK and frequency control USE: Phase shift keying RT: Ferroelectric materials Piezoelectricity QR codes Pyroelectric devices USE: Bar codes Thermal factors Quad flat packs Python USE: Electronics packaging BT: Computer languages Public domain software Quadratic programming RT: Functional programming BT: Optimization methods Object oriented programming Quadrature amplitude modulation Software libraries UF: QAM BT: Amplitude modulation Q factor USE: Q-factor Quadrature phase shift keying BT: Phase shift keying Q measurement NT: Differential quadrature BT: Electric variables phase shift keying measurement RT: Q-factor Qualifications BT: Training Q-factor RT: Continuing professional UF: Q factor development Quality factor Standards BT: Electric variables RT: Capacitors Quality assessment Q measurement BT: Quality management

QAM Quality assurance USE: Quadrature amplitude BT: Quality management modulation RT: Consumer protection Data integrity This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 427 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Design for quality Product liability IEEE 802.11e Standard Reliability Product liability System improvement Quality awards NT: Quality assessment Quality control Quality assurance Quality function deployment Quality awards Six sigma Quality control Total quality management Quality function deployment NT: Best practices Total quality management

Quality awards Quality of experience BT: Quality management UF: QoE RT: Continuous improvement Qox Quality assurance BT: Communication systems Quality function deployment Customer satisfaction Total quality management RT: Quality of service User experience Quality control BT: Quality management Quality of service RT: Contamination UF: QoS Coordinate measuring Quality-of-service machines BT: Communication systems Data integrity Customer satisfaction Design for quality RT: Conformance testing Failure analysis IEEE 802.11e Standard IEEE 802.11e Standard IP networks Quality assurance Next generation networking Quality function deployment Quality of experience Reliability Service level agreements Six sigma Spatial diversity Total quality management Telecommunication computing Quality factor NT: Admission control USE: Q-factor Quality-of-service Quality function deployment USE: Quality of service UF: QFD BT: Quality management Quantisation RT: Concurrent engineering USE: Quantization (signal) Product development Quality assurance Quantization (signal) Quality awards UF: Quantisation Quality control Quantization effects Quantization errors Quality management Signal quantisation UF: ISO 9000 Signal quantization BT: Management BT: Signal processing RT: Control charts RT: Analog-digital conversion Customer relationship Data compression management Digital representation Customer satisfaction Encoding Data governance Finite wordlength effects Design for quality Signal sampling ISO Standards NT: Vector quantization Pareto analysis This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 428 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Quantization effects Quantum cellular automata USE: Quantization (signal) Quantum chemistry Quantum circuit Quantization errors Quantum networks USE: Quantization (signal) Quantum simulation Qubit Quantum algorithm BT: Quantum computing Quantum confinement USE: Potential well Quantum capacitance BT: Capacitance Quantum cryptography Quantum mechanics BT: Cryptography RT: CNTFETs Quantum mechanics

Quantum cascade lasers Quantum dash UF: Cascade lasers USE: Quantum dots BT: Quantum well lasers RT: Quantum mechanics Quantum decoherence BT: Quantum mechanics Quantum cellular automata RT: Coherence BT: Quantum computing Quantum dot lasers Quantum channel UF: Quantum-dot lasers BT: Communication channels BT: Semiconductor lasers Quantum information RT: Quantum dots science Quantum mechanics RT: Qubit Quantum well lasers

Quantum chemistry Quantum dots BT: Chemistry UF: Quantum dash Quantum computing Quantum-dot RT: Molecular computing Quantum-dots BT: Semiconductor devices Quantum circuit RT: Nanocrystals BT: Circuits Quantum dot lasers Quantum communication Quantum mechanics Quantum computing Quantum information Quantum entanglement science UF: Entangled states BT: Quantum mechanics Quantum communication RT: Quantum radar BT: Communication systems Quantum state RT: Channel capacity Teleportation Information theory Optical fiber communication Quantum information science Teleportation BT: Information science NT: Quantum circuit Quantum mechanics Quantum networks NT: Quantum channel Quantum circuit Quantum computing BT: Computers and information Quantum key distribution processing BT: Communication system Electron devices security RT: Coherence time Quantum mechanics NT: Quantum algorithm RT: Cryptography This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 429 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Quantum mechanics Quantum state UF: Quantum theory BT: Quantum mechanics BT: Physics RT: Quantum entanglement RT: Laser theory Nanotechnology Quantum system Philosophical BT: Quantum mechanics considerations Quantum cascade lasers Quantum teleportation Quantum dot lasers USE: Teleportation Quantum dots Quantum well devices Quantum theory Quantum well lasers USE: Quantum mechanics Resonant frequency Solid-state physics Quantum vacuum String theory USE: Elementary particle vacuum NT: Coherence time Density functional theory Quantum well devices Lagrangian functions UF: Quantum-well devices Proton effects Quantumwell devices Quantum capacitance BT: Electron devices Quantum cryptography RT: Electrooptic modulators Quantum decoherence Quantum mechanics Quantum entanglement Resonant tunneling devices Quantum information Tunneling science NT: Quantum well lasers Quantum key distribution Quantum wells Quantum optics Two dimensional hole gas Quantum simulation Quantum state Quantum well lasers Quantum system UF: Quantum-well lasers Relativistic quantum BT: Lasers mechanics Quantum well devices Schrodinger equation Semiconductor devices Stationary state Semiconductor lasers Teleportation Solid lasers Tunneling RT: Quantum dot lasers Quantum mechanics Quantum networks Quantum wells BT: Quantum communication Semiconductor optical Quantum computing amplifiers Surface emitting lasers Quantum optics Two dimensional hole gas BT: Quantum mechanics NT: Quantum cascade lasers

Quantum radar Quantum wells BT: Radar UF: Semiconductor quantum Remote sensing wells RT: Lighting BT: Electrons Quantum entanglement Quantum well devices RT: Quantum well lasers Quantum simulation Surface emitting lasers BT: Quantum computing Two dimensional hole gas Quantum mechanics Simulation Quantum-dot This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 430 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Quantum dots Query pipeline Quantum-dot lasers USE: Query processing USE: Quantum dot lasers Query process Quantum-dots USE: Query processing USE: Quantum dots Query processing Quantum-well devices UF: Query evaluation USE: Quantum well devices Query optimisation Query optimization Quantum-well lasers Query pipeline USE: Quantum well lasers Query process Query routing Quantumwell devices BT: Database systems USE: Quantum well devices RT: Linked data NoSQL databases Quarter-wave plates Semantic search USE: Optical retarders Query routing Quartz crystals USE: Query processing BT: Crystals Queueing analysis Quasi-doping UF: Queueing theory BT: Semiconductor device BT: Traffic control manufacture RT: Publish subscribe systems RT: Semiconductor device Scheduling doping Queueing theory Quasi-resonant inverters USE: Queueing analysis USE: Resonant inverters R & D management Quasi-resonant invertors USE: Research and development USE: Resonant inverters management

Quaternions R language BT: Mathematics BT: Computer languages Public domain software Qubit RT: Data analysis UF: qbit Data mining BT: Quantum computing Data visualization RT: Coherence time Statistical analysis Quantum channel Rabbits Query evaluation BT: Animals USE: Query processing Rad hardened Query languages USE: Radiation hardening USE: Database languages (electronics)

Query optimisation Rad-hard USE: Query processing USE: Radiation hardening (electronics) Query optimization USE: Query processing Radar This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 431 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Microwave radar BT: Aerospace and electronic Radar cross section systems USE: Radar cross-sections Geoscience and remote sensing Radar cross sections RT: Microwave technology USE: Radar cross-sections Radar detection Radar scattering Radar cross-section NT: Airborne radar USE: Radar cross-sections Bistatic radar Cognitive radar Radar cross-sections Doppler radar UF: Radar cross section Ground penetrating radar Radar cross sections High frequency radar Radar cross-section Laser radar BT: Radar Meteorological radar Radar measurements Millimeter wave radar Reflection Multistatic radar Passive radar Radar detection Quantum radar BT: Radar applications Radar applications Signal detection Radar clutter RT: Ground penetrating radar Radar cross-sections Passive radar Radar equipment Radar Radar theory Ultra wideband radar Spaceborne radar Spread spectrum radar Radar equipment Synthetic aperture radar BT: Radar Ultra wideband radar Radar imaging Radar antennas BT: Radar applications BT: Antennas RT: Ground penetrating radar Landmine detection Radar applications Meteorological radar BT: Radar Passive radar RT: Oceanographic techniques Remote sensing NT: Radar countermeasures Synthetic aperture radar Radar detection Ultra wideband radar Radar imaging Radar measurements Radar interferometry Radar polarimetry BT: Interferometry Radar remote sensing NT: Synthetic aperture radar Radar tracking interferometry

Radar clutter Radar measurements BT: Radar BT: Radar applications RT: Jamming RT: Remote sensing NT: Radar cross-sections Radar countermeasures BT: Electronic warfare Radar meteorology Radar applications USE: Meteorological radar RT: Adaptive arrays Electronic countermeasures Radar polarimetry Jamming UF: SAR imaging Spread spectrum radar This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 432 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Synthetic aperture radar Dosimetry imaging Nuclear measurements BT: Radar applications Phototransistors Radiation detector circuits Radar remote sensing Radiation monitoring BT: Radar applications Spectroscopy RT: Spaceborne radar X-ray detectors NT: Bolometers Radar scattering Gamma-ray detectors BT: Electromagnetic scattering Infrared detectors RT: Radar Photodetectors Semiconductor radiation Radar signal processing detectors BT: Signal processing Silicon radiation detectors

Radar theory Radiation dosage BT: Radar BT: Radiation monitoring

Radar tracking Radiation dosimetry BT: Radar applications USE: Dosimetry RT: Target tracking Radiation effects Radial basis function networks UF: Irradiation UF: RBF networks BT: Nuclear and plasma Radial basis function neural sciences networks RT: Biomedical applications of BT: Neural networks radiation RT: Artificial intelligence Brachytherapy Computer networks High energy physics Cybernetics instrumentation computing Interpolation Proton effects Proton radiation effects Radial basis function neural networks Radiation monitoring USE: Radial basis function Radiation protection networks Safety NT: Biological effects of Radiation counters radiation USE: Radiation detectors Gamma-ray effects Ion radiation effects Radiation detection Neutron radiation effects USE: Radiation detectors Scintillators Single event latchup Radiation detector circuits Space radiation BT: Circuits Terahertz radiation RT: Counting circuits Total ionizing dose Radiation detectors Radiation hardening (electronics) Radiation detectors UF: Rad hardened UF: Counters Rad-hard Particle detectors BT: Electronic equipment Radiation counters manufacture Radiation detection Nuclear and plasma Ratemeters sciences BT: Ionizing radiation sensors RT: Ionizing radiation RT: Atomic measurements Satellite communication This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 433 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Total ionizing dose USE: Automotive components

Radiation imaging Radio access networks BT: Imaging UF: RAN RT: Biomedical imaging BT: Telecommunications RT: 3G mobile communication Radiation monitoring 4G mobile communication UF: Health physics Land mobile radio Personnel monitoring Radio communication BT: Monitoring Telecommunication Nuclear and plasma services sciences NT: Cloud radio access RT: Dosimetry networks Radiation detectors Radiation effects Radio access technologies Radiation protection BT: Communication networks Radioactive pollution NT: New Radio Reactor instrumentation NT: Radiation dosage Radio astronomy UF: Radio telescopes Radiation pattern BT: Antennas and propagation USE: Antenna radiation patterns Astronomy RT: Reflector antennas Radiation protection Telescopes UF: Radiation shielding Radiological protection Radio broadcasting BT: Protection BT: Broadcasting Radiation safety Radio communication RT: Biological effects of RT: Digital multimedia radiation broadcasting Contamination Journalism Dosimetry NT: Frequency modulation Fission reactors Radio networks Radiation effects Radiation monitoring Radio communication Radioactive pollution BT: Communication systems RT: Bandwidth Radiation safety Convolutional codes BT: Nuclear and plasma Cross layer design sciences Diversity methods Safety Film bulk acoustic NT: Radiation protection resonators IEEE 802.11 Standard Radiation shielding IEEE 802.11g Standard USE: Radiation protection IEEE 802.11n Standard IEEE 802.15 Standard Radiation therapy Intercell interference USE: Biomedical applications of MIMO communication radiation Mobile communication NOMA Radiative recombination Radio access networks BT: Spontaneous emission Radio communication RT: Semiconductor materials equipment Radio propagation Radiators (automotive) SIMO communication This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 434 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

SISO communication BT: Radio communication Wireless LAN RT: Light fidelity NT: Baseband Wireless fidelity Bluetooth NT: High frequency Cellular technology Indoor radio communication Radio frequency identification Land mobile radio USE: Radiofrequency Millimeter wave identification communication Near field communication Radio frequency integrated circuits Packet radio networks USE: Radiofrequency integrated Passband circuits Personal area networks Radio broadcasting Radio frequency interference Radio communication USE: Radiofrequency countermeasures interference Radio frequency Radio links Radio frequency power amplifiers Radio spectrum USE: Power amplifiers management Satellite communication Radio interference Satellite ground stations USE: Electromagnetic Software radio interference Zigbee Radio interferometry Radio communication countermeasures UF: Radiowave interferometry BT: Communication system BT: Interferometry security Radio communication Radio LAN RT: Adaptive arrays USE: Wireless LAN Electronic countermeasures Electronic warfare Radio links Jamming BT: Radio communication Spread spectrum RT: Transport protocols communication Radio navigation Radio communication equipment UF: Loran BT: Communication equipment BT: Navigation RT: Antennas RT: Air traffic control Radio communication Indoor navigation Telephone equipment Satellite navigation systems NT: Base stations Transponders Ham radios Land mobile radio Radio networks equipment BT: Radio broadcasting Radio transceivers Transponders Radio propagation BT: Electromagnetic Radio control propagation BT: Control systems RT: Fading channels Multipath channels Radio frequency Radio communication UF: RF Radiowave propagation Radio-frequency Rayleigh channels Radiofrequency This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 435 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Radio receivers NT: Nuclear fuels USE: Receivers Radioactive decay Radioactive waste Radio resource management USE: Resource management Radioactive pollution UF: Nuclear wastes Radio spectrum management BT: Pollution UF: Frequency allocation RT: Hazardous areas Spectrum management Incineration BT: Radio communication Industrial pollution RT: Communication standards Land pollution NT: Direct sequence spread Radiation monitoring spectrum communication Radiation protection White spaces Radioactive materials Radioactive waste Radio telescopes Radioactive waste disposal USE: Radio astronomy Safety Waste materials Radio transceivers BT: Radio communication Radioactive tracer equipment USE: Radiotracer Transceivers NT: Dynamic spectrum access Radioactive waste BT: Radioactive materials Radio transmitters Waste materials BT: Transmitters RT: Hazardous areas Hazardous materials Radio-frequency Incineration USE: Radio frequency Materials handling Nuclear facility regulation Radio-frequency identification Nuclear fuels USE: Radiofrequency Radioactive pollution identification Waste disposal Waste management Radio-frequency interference NT: Radioactive waste disposal USE: Radiofrequency interference Radioactive waste disposal BT: Radioactive waste Radioactive decay Waste disposal BT: Radioactive materials RT: Incineration Materials handling Radioactive label Radioactive pollution USE: Radiotracer Vitrification Waste handling Radioactive materials UF: Alphavoltaic power sources Radiofrequency Betavoltaic power sources USE: Radio frequency Radioisotopes BT: Materials Radiofrequency amplifiers RT: Isotopes UF: Radiofrequency power Neutrino sources amplifiers Occupational health BT: Amplifiers Occupational safety Radioactive pollution Radiofrequency identification Safety UF: RFID This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 436 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Radio frequency Radiofrequency power amplifiers identification USE: Power amplifiers AND Radio-frequency Radiofrequency amplifiers identification BT: Sensor systems and Radiographic image enhancement applications BT: Biomedical image RT: Internet of Things processing Product codes Radiofrequency integrated Radiography circuits BT: Imaging NT: RFID tags RT: Biomedical applications of radiation Radiofrequency integrated circuits Medical diagnosis UF: RFIC Nuclear imaging Radio frequency integrated X-ray detection circuits X-ray imaging BT: Integrated circuits NT: Diagnostic radiography RT: MIMICs MMICs Radioisotope thermoelectric generators Radiofrequency BT: Atomic batteries identification Radioisotopes Radiofrequency interference USE: Radioactive materials UF: Radio frequency interference Radiological protection Radio-frequency USE: Radiation protection interference BT: Electromagnetic Radiology interference BT: Biomedical image RT: Superconducting filters processing NT: Intercell interference NT: Neuroradiology

Radiofrequency micro-electro-mechanical Radiometers systems BT: Meters USE: Radiofrequency Radiometry microelectromechanical systems NT: Spectroradiometers

Radiofrequency micro-electromechanical Radiometry systems BT: Electromagnetic USE: Radiofrequency measurements microelectromechanical systems Geoscience and remote sensing Radiofrequency microelectromechanical RT: Imaging systems Photometry UF: RF micro-electro- Remote sensing mechanical systems Temperature measurement RF microelectromechanical NT: Microwave radiometry systems Radiometers Radiofrequency micro- electro-mechanical systems Radiomics Radiofrequency micro- BT: Biomedical image electromechanical systems processing BT: Microelectromechanical RT: Machine learning systems Radiotracer This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 437 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Radioactive label UF: RRO Radioactive tracer BT: Rail to rail operation BT: Chemical compounds RT: Nonlinear circuits Rail to rail amplifiers Radiowave interferometry USE: Radio interferometry Rail traffic USE: Rail transportation Radiowave propagation BT: Electromagnetic Rail transportation propagation UF: Rail line RT: Radio propagation Rail lines Rail traffic Radium Rail ways BT: Chemical elements Railways BT: Land transportation Radomes RT: Block signalling BT: Antenna accessories Land vehicles Magnetic levitation Radon Public transportation BT: Chemical elements NT: High-speed rail transportation Rail guns Light rail systems USE: Railguns Magnetic levitation vehicles Positive train control Rail line Railway communication USE: Rail transportation Railway electrification

Rail lines Rail ways USE: Rail transportation USE: Rail transportation

Rail to rail amplifiers Railguns BT: Rail to rail operation UF: Rail guns RT: Amplifiers BT: Electromagnetic launching MODFET circuits RT: Rails MOSFET circuits Rail to rail inputs Rails Rail to rail outputs BT: Structural shapes RT: Flanges Rail to rail inputs Railguns UF: RRI BT: Rail to rail operation Railway accidents RT: Nonlinear circuits UF: Derailments Rail to rail amplifiers BT: Accidents RT: Positive train control Rail to rail operation Railway engineering BT: Circuits Railway safety RT: Amplifiers CMOSFET circuits Railway bridges MODFET circuits USE: Structural panels MOSFET circuits NT: Rail to rail amplifiers Railway communication Rail to rail inputs BT: Rail transportation Rail to rail outputs Telecommunications NT: Block signalling Rail to rail outputs GSM-R This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 438 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Railway electrification RAN BT: Rail transportation USE: Radio access networks RT: Power overhead lines AND Regional area networks Railway engineering BT: Civil engineering Random access communication RT: Railway accidents USE: Multiaccess communication NT: Railway safety Random access memory Railway safety UF: RAM BT: Railway engineering Random access storage RT: Positive train control BT: Memory Railway accidents NT: DRAM chips Safety devices Phase change random access memory Railways Resistive RAM USE: Rail transportation SDRAM SRAM cells Rain SRAM chips BT: Meteorology RT: Floods Random access storage Monsoons USE: Random access memory

Rain fades Random forests USE: Rain fading BT: Machine learning Random processes Rain fading RT: Decision trees UF: Rain fades Pattern recognition BT: Interference Regression analysis

RAKE receivers Random media BT: Receivers UF: Turbulent media RT: Signal to noise ratio BT: Media RT: Chaos Raleigh fading Nonhomogeneous media USE: Rayleigh channels Random number generation Raleigh fading channels BT: Cryptography USE: Rayleigh channels RT: Random sequences Stochastic processes RAM White noise USE: Random access memory Random processes Raman effect BT: Mathematics USE: Raman scattering RT: Algorithms Probability Raman scattering Signal processing UF: Raman effect Statistical analysis Raman spectroscopy Time series analysis BT: Electromagnetic scattering NT: Brownian motion Nonlinear optics Random forests

Raman spectroscopy Random sequences USE: Raman scattering UF: Pseudorandom sequences This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 439 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Sequences RT: Audio coding RT: Cryptography Channel coding Random number Channel spacing generation Distortion Image coding Random variables Signal analysis BT: Probability Signal processing RT: Stochastic processes Source coding Stochastic systems Speech coding Video coding Ranging NT: Channel rate control USE: Distance measurement Rate-distortion Ranking (statistics) UF: Rate distortion BT: Statistics BT: Information theory RT: Information retrieval RT: Data compression Ontologies Search methods Ratemeters Semantic Web USE: Radiation detectors Vocabulary Rats Ransomware BT: Animals BT: Malware Raw materials Rapid eye movement sleep BT: Materials UF: REM sleep RT: Mining industry BT: Sleep Ray tracing Rapid prototyping UF: Ray-tracing BT: Prototypes BT: Geometrical optics RT: CADCAM Optics Design methodology RT: Computer graphics Manufacturing processes Stray light Product development Software engineering Ray-tracing Three-dimensional printing USE: Ray tracing Virtual prototyping Rayleigh channels Rapid thermal annealing UF: Raleigh fading BT: Annealing Raleigh fading channels RT: Semiconductor devices Rayleigh-fading BT: Fading channels Rapid thermal processing RT: Radio propagation BT: High-temperature techniques Rayleigh scattering RT: Heating systems BT: Electromagnetic scattering

Rare earth metals Rayleigh-Benard convection BT: Metals USE: Convection

Rate distortion Rayleigh-fading USE: Rate-distortion USE: Rayleigh channels

Rate distortion theory RBF networks BT: Information theory This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 440 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Radial basis function Readout electronics networks BT: Displays RT: Detectors RDF SQUIDs USE: Resource description framework Real time USE: Real-time systems Re-configurable devices USE: Reconfigurable devices Real time control USE: Real-time systems Reachability analysis BT: Graph theory Real time monitoring USE: Real-time systems Reactive power UF: Power factor Real time processing VAR USE: Real-time systems BT: Power systems RT: Reactive power control Real time systems Static VAr compensators USE: Real-time systems

Reactive power control Real-time control BT: Electric variables control USE: Real-time systems RT: Power system security Reactive power Real-time monitoring Voltage control USE: Real-time systems

Reactor instrumentation Real-time processing BT: Nuclear and plasma USE: Real-time systems sciences RT: Radiation monitoring Real-time systems UF: Real time Reactors Real time control USE: Inductors Real time monitoring Real time processing Read only memory Real time systems UF: ROM Real-time control BT: Memory Real-time monitoring RT: Read-write memory Real-time processing NT: PROM BT: Computers and information processing Read-write memory RT: Control systems BT: Memory Endomicroscopy RT: Read only memory Hardware-in-the-loop simulation Readability formulas High energy physics USE: Readability metrics instrumentation computing Networked control systems Readability metrics NT: Telexistence UF: Readability formulas WebRTC Readability tests BT: Writing Reasoning USE: Cognition AND Readability tests Cognitive systems USE: Readability metrics Reasoning about programs This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 441 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Type interference BT: Reconfigurable BT: Software engineering architectures RT: Wireless communication Rebreathers USE: Rebreathing equipment Reconfigurable logic BT: Logic design Rebreathing equipment UF: Rebreathers Reconfigurable radio BT: Underwater equipment USE: Software radio

Receive antennas Reconnaissance USE: Receiving antennas BT: Military communication Security Received signal strength indicator RT: Remote sensing UF: RSSI Surveillance BT: Communication system signaling Reconstruction algorithm Signal processing USE: Reconstruction algorithms

Receivers Reconstruction algorithms UF: Radio receivers UF: Reconstruction algorithm BT: Communication equipment Reconstruction methods RT: Demodulation BT: Tomography Signal detection RT: Image processing NT: Optical receivers Three-dimensional displays receivers Receiving antennas Reconstruction methods USE: Reconstruction algorithms Receiving antennas UF: Receive antennas Recording BT: Antennas BT: Signal processing Receivers RT: Memory RT: Spatial diversity NT: Audio recording Transmitting antennas Digital recording Disk recording Receptor (biochemistry) Magnetic recording BT: Biochemistry Optical recording Video recording Recommender systems UF: Music recommendation Recruitment BT: Information filtering BT: Human resource RT: Collaborative filtering management RT: Equal opportunities Reconfigurable architectures Job specification BT: Computer architecture Labor resources NT: Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces Rectangular waveguides BT: Electromagnetic Reconfigurable devices waveguides UF: Re-configurable devices RT: Planar waveguides BT: Hardware RT: Field programmable gate Rectennas arrays BT: Antennas Microwave communication Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces RT: Converters This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 442 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Estimation Rectifiers Simulation BT: Circuits RT: Bridge circuits Reduced-order model Power electronics USE: Reduced order systems Voltage multipliers Reduced-order systems Rectifying circuits USE: Reduced order systems BT: AC-DC power converters Redundancy Recurrent neural nets BT: Fault tolerance USE: Recurrent neural networks RT: Codes Reliability Recurrent neural networks UF: RNN Redundancy (employment) Recurrent neural nets USE: Termination of employment BT: Neural networks NT: Hopfield neural networks Reed Solomon codes USE: Reed-Solomon codes Recursive estimation BT: Bayes methods Reed-Muller codes RT: Least squares BT: Error correction codes approximations RT: Polar codes

Recycle Reed-Solomon codes USE: Recycling UF: Reed Solomon codes BT: Error correction codes Recycling UF: Recycle Refining BT: Environmental BT: Materials processing management RT: Chemical technology RT: Food waste Cleaning Purification Red blood cells Smelting BT: Blood Sugar refining

Reddit Reflectance USE: Social networking (online) USE: Reflectivity AND Web sites Reflection BT: Propagation Reduced instruction set computing RT: Mirrors UF: RISC Scattering BT: Instruction sets NT: Acoustic reflection Backscatter Reduced order model Electromagnetic reflection USE: Reduced order systems Fresnel reflection Radar cross-sections Reduced order systems UF: Model reduction Reflection coefficient Reduced order model BT: Optical variables Reduced-order model measurement Reduced-order systems Waveguide discontinuities BT: Systems engineering and RT: Amplitude estimation theory This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 443 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Reflective binary codes Space cooling UF: Gray codes NT: Liquid nitrogen Grey codes BT: Binary codes Refrigeration BT: Cooling Reflectivity UF: Reflectance Refrigerators BT: Waves BT: Home appliances RT: Geometrical optics Home automation Light trapping Optical reflection Refuse Sonar detection USE: Waste materials Telecommunications Refuse incineration Reflectometry USE: Incineration BT: Measurement RT: Electromagnetic Regeneration engineering measurements BT: Tissue engineering Electromagnetic reflection Optical reflection Regional area networks Optical variables UF: RAN measurement BT: Communication systems RT: IEEE 802.22 Standard Reflector antennas Local area networks BT: Antennas Metropolitan area networks RT: Aperture antennas Wireless communication Radio astronomy NT: WRAN

Reflow soldering Registers BT: Soldering BT: Memory NT: Shift registers Refractive index UF: Refractivity Regression analysis BT: Optical variables BT: Statistical analysis measurement RT: Correlation coefficient RT: Birefringence Econometrics Dispersion Nearest neighbor methods Gain measurement Random forests Laser beams NT: Linear regression Metamaterials Multivariate regression Optical refraction Photorefractive effect Regression tree analysis Semiconductor device BT: Decision trees measurement Semiconductor lasers Regulation BT: Government policies Refractivity NT: Tariffs USE: Refractive index Regulators Refractoring BT: Control equipment USE: Code refractoring RT: Current control Electric variables control Refrigerants Power conversion BT: Coolants Voltage control RT: Heat pumps This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 444 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Rehabilitation robotics Software development UF: Assistive robotics management BT: Medical robotics Source coding Robots RT: Assistive technology Releng Patient rehabilitation USE: Release engineering

Reinforcement learning Relevance vector machines BT: Machine learning BT: Classification algorithms Machine learning Relational databases RT: Bayes methods BT: Databases Support vector machines RT: Structured Query Language Triples (Data structure) Reliability UF: Reliability management Relativistic effects System reliability BT: Nuclear physics RT: Aging RT: Electron beams Dependability management Free electron lasers Electron traps Klystrons Failure analysis Magnetrons Life testing Masers Power system reliability Plasmas Preventive maintenance NT: Optical flow Quality control Quality management Relativistic quantum mechanics Redundancy BT: Quantum mechanics Risk analysis System improvement Relaxation methods System recovery BT: Numerical analysis Thermal management RT: Simulated annealing NT: Availability Fault diagnosis Relaxor ferroelectrics Fault tolerance BT: Ferroelectric materials Fluctuations Integrated circuit reliability Relay networks (telecommunication) Maintenance BT: Communication networks Maldistribution Relays Materials reliability Reliability engineering Relays Reliability theory BT: Switchgear Robustness RT: Switching circuits Semiconductor device NT: Digital relays reliability Microrelays Software reliability Power system relaying Stability Protective relaying Telecommunication Relay networks network reliability (telecommunication) Road side unit Reliability engineering BT: Reliability Release engineering RT: Weibull distribution UF: Releng BT: Software engineering Reliability management RT: Product lifecycle USE: Management AND management Reliability This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 445 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Remote monitoring Reliability theory BT: Monitoring BT: Reliability Remote sensing RT: Machine-to-machine Reluctance generators communications BT: Synchronous generators Remote sensing Reluctance machines BT: Geoscience and remote BT: Rotating machines sensing Synchronous machines RT: Atmospheric NT: Reluctance motors measurements Earth Reluctance motors Geologic measurements BT: Reluctance machines Geophysical measurement Synchronous motors techniques NT: Switched reluctance motors Geophysical measurements Imaging REM sleep Infrared imaging USE: Rapid eye movement sleep Land surface temperature Landmine detection Remaining life assessment Meteorology BT: Testing Microwave imaging RT: Failure analysis Oceanographic techniques Maintenance engineering Optical imaging Pulse oximetry Remanence Radar imaging BT: Magnetics Radar measurements RT: Magnetic fields Radiometry Magnetic flux Reconnaissance Magnetic hysteresis Sea measurements Permanent magnets Soil measurements Sonar measurements Remote control Surveillance BT: Control equipment Terrain mapping Vegetation mapping Remote handling Water resources UF: Manipulators (nonrobotic) NT: Hyperspectral sensors BT: Materials handling Passive microwave remote RT: Remote handling sensing equipment Quantum radar Telecontrol equipment Remote monitoring

Remote handling equipment Remotely guided vehicles BT: Materials handling USE: Unmanned vehicles equipment RT: Remote handling Remotely operated automobiles Telerobotics USE: Unmanned vehicles Waste handling equipment Remotely operated cars Remote laboratories USE: Unmanned vehicles BT: Laboratories Remotely operated vehicles Remote learning USE: Unmanned vehicles USE: Distance learning Remuneration This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 446 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Human resource BT: Biomedical measurement management Measurement RT: Employee welfare NT: Incentive schemes Reproductible research Pensions USE: Reproducibility of results

Renal calculi Reproductive cloning USE: Kidney stones USE: Cloning

Rendering (computer graphics) Requirements engineering BT: Computer graphics BT: Systems engineering and RT: Image synthesis theory RT: Product design Renewable energy Project management USE: Renewable energy sources Requirements management Software engineering Renewable energy resources Stakeholders USE: Renewable energy sources NT: Technical requirements

Renewable energy sources Requirements management UF: Renewable energy BT: Management Renewable energy Systems engineering and resources theory Renewable-energy RT: Project management BT: Energy conservation Requirements engineering Environmental management ReRAM RT: Low-carbon economy USE: Resistive RAM Wave power NT: Biomass Rescue robots BT: Robots Renewable-energy RT: Emergency services USE: Renewable energy sources Hazards Marine robots Repair USE: Maintenance engineering Research & development USE: Research and development Repeaters UF: Optical regenerators Research and development BT: Communication equipment UF: Research & development BT: Engineering - general Replica molding RT: Electrical engineering USE: Soft lithography Engineering profession Industrial engineering Replica moulding International collaboration USE: Soft lithography Laboratories Research and development Report writing management USE: Writing Reverse engineering Science - general Representational state transfer Technology BT: Software architecture Virtual enterprises Virtual manufacturing Reproducibility of results Virtual prototyping UF: Reproductible research NT: Translational research This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 447 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Research and development management Resins UF: R & D management BT: Materials BT: Engineering management RT: Plastics Management Polymer foams RT: Concurrent engineering NT: Epoxy resins Engineering profession Production management Resistance Project management BT: Electric variables Research and development RT: Electrical resistance Technology management measurement Venture capital Resistance heating NT: Innovation management Skin effect NT: Electric resistance Research initiatives Piezoresistance BT: Engineering management Surface resistance Thermal resistance Reservoirs Viscosity BT: Water resources Water storage Resistance heating RT: Dams UF: Electric heating Lakes BT: Heating systems Land use planning RT: Electrothermal actuators Water Resistance

Residual networks Resistive RAM USE: Residual neural networks UF: RRAM ReRAM Residual neural networks BT: Random access memory UF: Residual networks RT: Memristors BT: Artificial neural networks Phase change memory

Residual stress Resistive transducers USE: Residual stresses BT: Transducers

Residual stresses Resistivity UF: Residual stress USE: Conductivity BT: Stress Resistivity measurement Resilience USE: Conductivity measurement UF: Resiliency Resilient systems Resistors BT: Material properties BT: Electronic components RT: Electrical ballasts Resiliency Potentiometers USE: Resilience NT: Memristors Switched capacitor Resilient systems networks USE: Resilience Varistors

Resin transfer molding Resists USE: Transfer molding UF: Photoresists BT: Materials Resin transfer moulding USE: Transfer molding Resonance This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 448 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Cavity resonators BT: Tunneling Dielectric resonator RT: Quantum well devices antennas Resonance Film bulk acoustic Single electron devices resonators Microstrip resonators Resonant tunnelling devices Optical resonators USE: Resonant tunneling devices Resonant inverters Resonant tunneling devices Resonant-tunneling devices Resonator filters USE: Resonant tunneling devices Resonators Vibrations Resonant-tunnelling devices NT: Ferroresonance USE: Resonant tunneling devices Magnetic resonance Resonance light scattering Resonator filters Stochastic resonance BT: Filters RT: Resonance Resonance frequency USE: Resonant frequency Resonators BT: Amplifiers Resonance light scattering RT: Acoustics BT: Resonance Resonance Spectroscopy Tuners RT: Light scattering NT: Cavity resonators Split ring resonators Resonant circuits USE: RLC circuits Resource allocation USE: Resource management Resonant converters BT: Converters Resource description framework UF: RDF Resonant frequency BT: Semantic Web UF: Resonance frequency BT: Frequency Resource distribution RT: Oscillators USE: Resource management Quantum mechanics NT: Magnetic resonance Resource management UF: Allocation Resonant inverters Radio resource UF: Quasi-resonant inverters management Quasi-resonant invertors Resource allocation Resonant invertors Resource distribution BT: Inverters Resource sharing RT: Power electronics Resource utilisation Resonance Resource utilization Resources management Resonant invertors BT: Management USE: Resonant inverters RT: Business process integration Resonant tunneling devices Business process UF: Resonant tunnelling management devices Cluster computing Resonant-tunneling devices Environmental engineering Resonant-tunnelling Forestry devices Operations research This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 449 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

System integration NT: Elastic computing Retardants Network resource BT: Production materials management RT: Inhibitors Resource virtualization NT: Flame retardants

Resource sharing Retina USE: Resource management UF: Retinal BT: Eyes Resource utilisation RT: Ophthalmology USE: Resource management NT: Retinal vessels

Resource utilization Retinal USE: Resource management USE: Retina

Resource virtualization Retinal vessels BT: Resource management BT: Retina

Resources management Retinopathy USE: Resource management BT: Diseases

Respiratory diseases Retirement USE: Pulmonary diseases BT: Human resource management Respiratory medicine USE: Pulmonology Reverberation BT: Acoustics Respiratory system UF: Asthma Reverberation chambers Bronchi BT: Electromagnetic BT: Anatomy compatibility RT: Intubation Pulmonary diseases Reverse engineering Pulmonology BT: Engineering - general Ventilators RT: Product development NT: Larynx Research and development Lung Reverse logistics Respirology BT: Logistics USE: Pulmonology Reverse osmosis Response surface methodology BT: Chemical processes BT: Surface fitting RT: Desalination RT: Optimization methods Reverse teaching Restful API USE: Education AND BT: Application programming Online services interfaces Software architecture Reversible computing BT: Computational modeling Resumes Time complexity BT: Writing Reviews Retail price index BT: Writing USE: Economic indicators This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 450 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RF Ribs USE: Radio frequency BT: Thorax

RF interference Riccati equations USE: Electromagnetic BT: Equations interference Rician channels RF micro-electro-mechanical systems UF: Rician fading USE: Radiofrequency Rician fading channels microelectromechanical systems BT: MIMO communication

RF microelectromechanical systems Rician fading USE: Radiofrequency USE: Rician channels microelectromechanical systems Rician fading channels RF signals USE: Rician channels BT: Signal processing Rigidity RFIC BT: Material properties USE: Radiofrequency integrated circuits Ring generators BT: Automatic testing RFID Testing USE: Radiofrequency identification Ring lasers BT: Lasers RFID tags RT: Gyroscopes BT: Radiofrequency NT: Fiber lasers identification NT: Active RFID tags Ring oscillators Passive RFID tags BT: Oscillators

Rhenium Ring resonators BT: Chemical elements USE: Optical ring resonators

Rheology RISC BT: Fluid dynamics USE: Reduced instruction set RT: Viscosity computing

Rhetoric Risk analysis BT: Professional BT: Management communication RT: Accident prevention Accidents Rhodium Decision making BT: Chemical elements Occupational health Occupational safety Rhombencephalon Reliability USE: Hindbrain Safety Technology social factors Rhythm Venture capital BT: Music NT: Fault trees Risk management Ribonucleic acid Threat assessment USE: RNA Risk assessment This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 451 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Risk management Road safety BT: Roads Risk handling RT: Automated highways USE: Risk management Automotive engineering Lane detection Risk management Road accidents UF: Risk assessment Vehicle-to-everything Risk handling NT: Lane departure warning Risk minimization systems Risk mitigation Risk reduction Road side unit BT: Risk analysis BT: Relays RT: Contract management Vehicular ad hoc networks

Risk minimization Road traffic control USE: Risk management BT: Road transportation Traffic control Risk mitigation USE: Risk management Road transportation UF: Highways Risk reduction BT: Land transportation USE: Risk management RT: Civil engineering Global Positioning System Rivers NT: Road traffic control BT: Geoscience Roads RT: Excavation Traffic congestion Floods Lakes Road vehicles Sediments BT: Land vehicles Water RT: Road accidents Water pollution Roads Water resources NT: Automobiles Wetlands Motorcycles

RLC circuits Roadmaps (technology planning) UF: Resonant circuits BT: Strategic planning BT: Circuits Technology forecasting Tunable circuits and devices ROADMS USE: Optical add-drop RNA multiplexers UF: Ribonucleic acid BT: Biological cells Roads BT: Road transportation RNN RT: Civil engineering USE: Recurrent neural networks Excavation Road vehicles Road accidents NT: Road safety BT: Accidents RT: Road safety Roaming Road vehicles BT: Wireless communication RT: Dual band Road bridges GSM USE: Structural panels Robot automobiles This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 452 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Autonomous automobiles Robot sensor networks USE: Robot sensing systems Robot cars USE: Autonomous automobiles Robot vision systems UF: Manipulator vision systems Robot control Mobile robot vision systems UF: Robotic control BT: Robot sensing systems BT: Control systems RT: Image sensors Robots Imaging RT: Force control Intelligent robots Motion planning Object detection Trajectory tracking Object recognition NT: Robot motion Pattern recognition Stereo vision Robot kinematics NT: Visual servoing BT: Robots NT: Motion analysis Robot-assisted surgery USE: Surgery Robot learning BT: Machine learning Robotic assembly Robots UF: Assembly robots RT: Artificial intelligence BT: Assembly systems RT: Robotics and automation Robot localization BT: Motion analysis Robotic control RT: Robot sensing systems USE: Robot control

Robot motion Robotic motion UF: Robotic motion USE: Robot motion BT: Robot control Robotic programming Robot operating systems USE: Robot programming USE: Operating systems Robotics and automation Robot programming RT: Image motion analysis UF: Robotic programming Industrial Internet of Things BT: Programming Robotic assembly Robots NT: Animatronics Automation Robot sensing systems Autonomous systems UF: Manipulator sensing Multi-robot systems systems Robots Mobile robot sensing systems Robots Robot sensor networks BT: Robotics and automation BT: Robots RT: Assembly systems Sensor systems and Botnet applications Control equipment RT: Multisensor systems Control systems Robot localization Cybernetics NT: Robot vision systems Industrial control Simultaneous localization Manufacturing automation and mapping Materials handling Tactile sensors Mechanical variables control This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 453 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Mechatronics Nonlinear systems Rocks Servosystems BT: Geology NT: Agricultural robots Androids Rodents Aquatic robots BT: Animals Automata Autonomous robots Roentgenium Bio-inspired robotics BT: Chemical elements Cognitive robotics Computer vision Role transfer Educational robots BT: Organizational aspects Evolutionary robotics Humanoid robots Roller bearings Intelligent robots USE: Rolling bearings Manipulators Marine robots Rolling bearings Medical robotics UF: Roller bearings Mobile robots Rolling contact bearings Orbital robotics Rolling element bearings Parallel robots BT: Mechanical bearings Rehabilitation robotics RT: Ball bearings Rescue robots Robot control Rolling contact bearings Robot kinematics USE: Rolling bearings Robot learning Robot programming Rolling element bearings Robot sensing systems USE: Rolling bearings Service robots Snake robots Rollover Soft robotics BT: Vehicle dynamics Telerobotics Visual odometry ROM Wearable robots USE: Read only memory

Robust control Roof mounted photovoltaics UF: Active disturbance rejection USE: Building integrated control photovoltaics BT: System analysis and design RT: Disturbance observers Roof mounted solar cell arrays USE: Building integrated Robust stability photovoltaics BT: Stability Root cause analysis Robustness BT: Process planning BT: Reliability RT: Failure analysis RT: Control systems Sensitivity Root kit Stability USE: Rootkit Uncertain systems Root mean square Rockets UF: Root mean square error BT: Propulsion Root mean square value RT: Engines BT: Mathematics Ground support Statistics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 454 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Polishing machines Root mean square error Surface roughness USE: Root mean square Terrain factors NT: Corrugated surfaces Root mean square value USE: Root mean square Round robin BT: Scheduling algorithms Rootkit UF: Root kit Roundoff errors BT: Malware BT: Finite wordlength effects RT: Error analysis Roots Noise USE: Poles and zeros Routing Rotating machines BT: Communication systems BT: Electric machines RT: Multicast communication RT: Brushes Routing protocols Coils Soft switching DC generators NT: Wavelength routing Synchronous motors Windings Routing protocols NT: Generators BT: Protocols Hysteresis motors RT: Internet Induction machines Land mobile radio Induction motors Mobile communication Micromotors Multicast protocols Permanent magnet Multiprotocol label machines switching Reluctance machines Routing Servomotors Wireless access points Standby generators RPI Rotation measurement USE: Economic indicators UF: Rotation representation BT: Mechanical variables RRAM measurement USE: Resistive RAM

Rotation representation RRI USE: Rotation measurement USE: Rail to rail inputs

Rotational measurement RRO USE: Velocity control USE: Rail to rail outputs

Rotational speed RSSI USE: Velocity control USE: Received signal strength indicator Rotors BT: Electric machines Rubber Machine components BT: Insulators RT: Rubber industry Rough sets Rubber products BT: Set theory Rubber industry Rough surfaces BT: Manufacturing industries BT: Surfaces RT: Chemical industry This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 455 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Rubber SaaS Rubber products USE: Software as a service

Rubber products Safety BT: Manufactured products BT: Industry applications RT: Hoses Product safety engineering Rubber RT: Alarm systems Rubber industry Control system security Wastewater treatment Electric shock NT: Tires Environmental factors Explosions Rubidium Eye protection BT: Chemical elements Fires Hazardous areas Rule based systems Occupational health USE: Knowledge based systems Preventive maintenance Protective clothing Runtime Radiation effects BT: Software engineering Radioactive materials RT: Programming Radioactive pollution NT: Dynamic compiler Risk analysis Runtime environment NT: Aerospace safety Domestic safety Runtime environment Emergency services BT: Runtime Explosion protection Fire safety Runtime library Hazards BT: Formal languages Health and safety Marine safety Rural areas Product safety BT: Geography Protection RT: Macrocell networks Radiation safety Public infrastructure Safety devices Safety management Ruthenium Vehicle safety BT: Chemical elements Safety devices Rydberg atoms BT: Safety UF: Rydberg sensors RT: Accident prevention BT: Electric variables Alarm systems measurement Railway safety Physics Smoke detectors NT: Eye protection Rydberg sensors Fire extinguishers USE: Rydberg atoms Protective clothing

S parameters Safety in the home USE: Scattering parameters USE: Domestic safety

S-parameters Safety management USE: Scattering parameters BT: Management Safety S/N RT: Dependability management USE: Signal to noise ratio Sagnac interferometers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 456 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Interferometry Thin wall structures

Sales promotion Sanitary engineering USE: Promotion - marketing BT: Engineering - general RT: Environmental Saliency detection management BT: Image processing Sewage treatment RT: Feature detection Waste disposal Feature extraction Waste management Visual systems Waste materials Wastewater Salinity (geophysical) Wastewater treatment BT: Soil measurements Water pollution RT: Geochemistry Ocean salinity SAR Sea measurements USE: Specific absorption rate Sea surface salinity AND Synthetic aperture radar Salivary glands UF: Parotid SAR imaging BT: Glands USE: Radar polarimetry Stomatognathic system SAS Samarium USE: Synthetic aperture sonar BT: Metals NT: Samarium alloys Satellite antennas BT: Antennas Samarium alloys BT: Samarium Satellite born radar USE: Spaceborne radar Sampled data circuits BT: Circuits Satellite borne radar USE: Spaceborne radar Sampled data systems BT: Discrete-time systems Satellite broadcasting UF: DBS Sampling methods Direct broadcast satellites BT: Statistics Satellite broadcasts RT: Signal sampling BT: Broadcasting NT: Compressed sensing Satellite communication Nonuniform sampling RT: Global Positioning System

SAN Satellite broadcasts USE: Storage area networks USE: Satellite broadcasting

Sandblasting Satellite communication BT: Surface treatment UF: Communication satellites RT: Surface roughness BT: Communication systems Radio communication Sandwich structures RT: Artificial satellites BT: Structural shapes Convolutional codes RT: Honeycomb structures Global Positioning System Lightweight structures Handover Sheet materials Radiation hardening Structural panels (electronics) This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 457 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Transponders BT: Machine tools NT: Downlink RT: Sawing Satellite broadcasting Satellite ground stations SCADA systems Uplink UF: Supervisory control and data acquisition systems Satellite constellations Supervisory control and BT: Satellite navigation systems data-acquisition systems BT: Control systems Satellite ground stations Power system control BT: Communication systems Supervisory control Radio communication RT: Substation automation Satellite communication RT: Communication equipment BT: System analysis and design Satellite navigation systems BT: Navigation Scalp RT: Radio navigation BT: Head Time dissemination NT: Global Positioning System Scandium Global navigation satellite BT: Chemical elements system Satellite constellations Scanning electron microscopy UF: SEM Satellites BT: Electron microscopy BT: Solar system RT: Electron beam applications RT: Artificial satellites Particle scattering NT: Geostationary satellites Geosynchronous satellites Scanning microwave microscopy Moon BT: Microscopy Small satellites RT: Atomic force microscopy

Saturation detection Scanning probe data storage USE: Feedback BT: Memory

Saturation magnetisation Scanning probe microscopy USE: Saturation magnetization BT: Microscopy NT: Scanning thermal Saturation magnetization microscopy UF: Saturation magnetisation BT: Magnetization processes Scanning thermal microscopy RT: Magnetic fields BT: Scanning probe microscopy Magnets Scattering Saturn UF: Backscattering BT: Planets Wave scattering BT: Propagation SAW filters RT: Reflection BT: Electromechanical devices Scattering parameters NT: Acoustic scattering Sawing Brillouin scattering BT: Machining Electromagnetic scattering RT: Sawing machines Light scattering Particle scattering Sawing machines This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 458 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Scattering parameters UF: S parameters Schottky diode S-parameters USE: Schottky diodes BT: System analysis and design RT: Circuits Schottky diodes Scattering UF: Schottky diode BT: Semiconductor devices Scatternets Semiconductor diodes USE: Personal area networks RT: Schottky barriers Semiconductor-metal Scene analysis interfaces USE: Image analysis Schottky FETs Scene classification USE: MESFETs USE: Image analysis Schottky gate FET Schedules USE: Schottky gate field effect BT: Planning transistors RT: Scheduling Schottky gate field effect transistors Scheduling UF: Schottky gate FET BT: Organizational aspects BT: Field effect transistors Production control Project engineering Schrodinger equation RT: Materials requirements BT: Quantum mechanics planning RT: Electrons Queueing analysis Schedules Science - general Statistics RT: Econophysics Synchronization Neurophysiology NT: Adaptive scheduling Research and development Dynamic scheduling STEM Job shop scheduling NT: Astronomy Single machine scheduling Biology Chemistry Scheduling algorithms Electricity BT: Optical fiber communication Epidemiology Processor scheduling Geoscience NT: Round robin History Life sciences Scholarships Metrology BT: Educational programs Neuroscience Physics Schools Social sciences USE: Educational institutions Thermodynamics

Schottky barriers science technology engineering and math UF: Schottky contacts USE: STEM BT: Semiconductor-metal interfaces Science technology engineering mathematics RT: MESFETs USE: STEM Schottky diodes science, technology, engineering, and math Schottky contacts USE: STEM USE: Schottky barriers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 459 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Scientific computing UF: Computational science Sea animals BT: Computer applications USE: Marine animals

Scientific publishing Sea coast BT: Publishing BT: Oceans

Scintillation counters Sea floor BT: Measurement UF: Seafloor Nuclear and plasma BT: Oceans sciences RT: Sediments NT: Solid scintillation detectors NT: Bathymetry Sea floor roughness Scintillators BT: Radiation effects Sea floor roughness RT: Luminescence BT: Sea floor

SCM supply chains Sea ice USE: Supply chain management BT: Ice RT: Oceans Scooters USE: Motorcycles Sea level BT: Oceans SCR RT: Ocean circulation USE: Thyristors Sea measurements Screws UF: Current measurement USE: Fasteners (water) BT: Geophysical measurements Scrubbers RT: Oceans USE: Materials handling Remote sensing Salinity (geophysical) Scrum (Software development) Sonar measurements BT: Agile software development NT: Geoacoustic inversion RT: Feedback Project management Sea ports Software development USE: Seaports management Sea state SDH BT: Measurement USE: Synchronous digital Ocean waves hierarchy RT: Marine navigation Sea surface roughness SDHTs USE: MODFETs Sea surface BT: Oceans SDN RT: Surface waves USE: Software defined Wind networking NT: Sea surface roughness Sea surface salinity SDRAM UF: Synchronous DRAM Sea surface roughness Synchronous dynamic BT: Sea surface random access memory RT: Sea state BT: Random access memory This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 460 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Sea surface salinity RT: Artificial bee colony BT: Sea surface algorithm RT: Salinity (geophysical) Seat belts Sea surface temperature USE: Belts USE: Ocean temperature Sebaceious glands Sea vegetation USE: Sebaceous glands USE: Marine vegetation Sebaceous glands Seafloor UF: Sebaceious glands USE: Sea floor BT: Glands Skin Sealants USE: Sealing materials Second Life BT: Social networking (online) Sealing materials UF: Sealants Secondary cells BT: Joining materials USE: Batteries RT: Seals Secondary electron emission Seals USE: Electron emission BT: Mechanical products RT: Packaging Secondary generated hot electron injection Sealing materials UF: Secondary generated hot- Structural rings electron injection NT: Gaskets BT: Hot carrier injection Hermetic seals Secondary generated hot-electron injection Seaports USE: Secondary generated hot UF: Sea ports electron injection BT: Industrial facilities Transportation Secondary ion emission RT: Marine transportation USE: Ion emission Marine vehicles Secure storage Search engines BT: Material storage UF: Google RT: Security BT: Information retrieval Security Search methods BT: Industry applications BT: Information retrieval RT: Anti-virus software RT: Genetic algorithms Biometrics (access control) Gradient methods Bring your own device Nearest neighbor methods Business continuity Optimization methods Identification of persons Ranking (statistics) Malware NT: Keyword search Physical unclonable Metasearch function Search problems Protection Semantic search Secure storage Web search Surveillance NT: Access control Search problems Alarm systems BT: Search methods Capability-based security This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 461 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Computer security Earthquakes Control system security Seismic measurements Cryptography Seismic waves Data security Well logging Digital signatures Information security Selective laser sintering Network security USE: Laser sintering Power system security Reconnaissance Selectively doped heterojunction transistors Security management USE: MODFETs Terrorism Watermarking Selenium BT: Chemical elements Security management BT: Management Self organising feature maps Security USE: Self-organizing feature maps Security of data USE: Data security Self organizing feature maps USE: Self-organizing feature Sediments maps UF: Mud BT: Geoscience Self organizing maps RT: Lakes USE: Self-organizing feature Rivers maps Sea floor Soil Self organizing networks USE: Self-organizing networks Seebeck effect USE: Thermoelectricity Self replicating machines USE: Self-replicating machines Seismic measurements UF: Seismic visualization Self testing BT: Geophysical measurements USE: Automatic testing RT: Acoustic measurements Seismology Self-assembly BT: Nanotechnology Seismic retrofitting RT: Biological cells USE: Earthquake engineering Programming Semiconductor device Seismic visualization manufacture USE: Seismic measurements Thin films NT: Electrostatic self-assembly Seismic waves BT: Waves Self-aware RT: Acoustic waves BT: Cognition Earthquakes Elastodynamics Self-driving automobiles Explosions USE: Autonomous automobiles Seismology Shock waves Self-driving car USE: Autonomous automobiles Seismology BT: Geophysics Self-dynamic voltage scaling RT: Earthquake engineering USE: Dynamic voltage scaling This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 462 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Natural language Self-organizing feature maps processing UF: Kohonen maps Semantic Web SOM Self organising feature Semantic triple maps USE: Triples (Data structure) Self organizing feature maps Semantic Web Self organizing maps BT: Internet Self-organizing maps RT: Artificial intelligence BT: Artificial neural networks Content management RT: Feedforward neural Data models networks Distributed computing Knowledge acquisition Document handling Knowledge management Self-organizing maps Linked data USE: Self-organizing feature Markup languages maps Ontologies Open data Self-organizing networks Ranking (statistics) UF: Self organizing networks Semantic search BT: Wireless networks Semantic technology NT: OWL Self-replicating machines Resource description UF: Self replicating machines framework BT: Nanotechnology Semantics Self-study courses BT: Semiotics BT: Educational programs RT: Natural language processing Self-testing Professional USE: Built-in self-test communication Sign language Self-tuning regulators NT: Semantic search USE: Adaptive control Semantic technology

SEM Semi-insulating materials USE: Scanning electron USE: Semiconductor materials microscopy Semi-supervised learning Semantic search USE: Semisupervised learning BT: Search methods Semantics Semiconductivity RT: Context awareness BT: Conductivity Natural language Electron devices processing RT: Charge carriers Ontologies Query processing Semiconductor alloys Semantic Web USE: Semiconductor materials

Semantic technology Semiconductor charge carriers BT: Information technology USE: Charge carrier processes Semantics RT: Data models Semiconductor controlled rectifiers Encoding USE: Thyristors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 463 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Semiconductor counters Semiconductor device measurement UF: Junction detectors BT: Measurement BT: Semiconductor devices RT: Refractive index RT: Position sensitive particle Semiconductor device detectors noise Semiconductor device Semiconductor detectors reliability BT: Detectors Semiconductor device Semiconductor devices testing RT: Absorption Particle charging Semiconductor device modeling UF: Semiconductor device Semiconductor device breakdown models BT: Failure analysis BT: Modeling RT: Semiconductor device Semiconductor devices reliability RT: Semiconductor device Semiconductor device noise testing Tolerance analysis Semiconductor device models USE: Semiconductor device Semiconductor device doping modeling UF: Semiconductor doping BT: Semiconductor device Semiconductor device noise manufacture BT: Semiconductor devices RT: Doping RT: Integrated circuit noise Quasi-doping Semiconductor device Semiconductor materials measurement Semiconductor device Semiconductor device manufacture modeling BT: Electronic equipment manufacture Semiconductor device packaging RT: Fiducial markers BT: Components, packaging, Gettering and manufacturing technology Ion implantation RT: Integrated circuit packaging Microassembly Semiconductor devices Micromachining Nanotechnology Semiconductor device reliability Self-assembly BT: Reliability Semiconductor devices RT: Semiconductor device Surface cleaning breakdown Surface contamination Semiconductor device NT: Diffusion processes measurement Flip-chip devices High-k gate dielectrics Semiconductor device testing Physical unclonable BT: Testing function RT: Semiconductor device Quasi-doping breakdown Semiconductor device Semiconductor device doping measurement Semiconductor epitaxial layers Semiconductor devices Semiconductor growth UF: SIS devices Silicidation (semiconductor) Wafer bonding This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 464 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Semiconductor-insulator- semiconductor devices Semiconductor diodes BT: Electron devices BT: Semiconductor devices RT: Contacts RT: Diodes Epitaxial growth Magnetic field induced Field effect transistors strain Heterojunction bipolar P-n junctions transistors NT: P-i-n diodes Hot carriers Schottky diodes Integrated circuits Semiconductor-metal Molecular beam interfaces applications Superluminescent diodes Photoconducting devices Varactors Physical unclonable function Semiconductor doping Proton radiation effects USE: Semiconductor device Rapid thermal annealing doping Semiconductor device manufacture Semiconductor electronics industry Semiconductor device USE: Electronics industry packaging Silicon-on-insulator Semiconductor epitaxial layers Varistors UF: Silicon epitaxial layers NT: Flip-chip devices BT: Semiconductor device Gunn devices manufacture Hall effect devices RT: Bipolar transistors Junctions MIS devices Semiconductor films MONOS devices BT: Films P-i-n diodes RT: Buffer layers Piezoresistive devices Dielectric thin films Power semiconductor Magnetic field induced devices strain Power semiconductor Semiconductor growth switches Semiconductor materials Quantum dots Thick films Quantum well lasers Thin films SONOS devices Schottky diodes Semiconductor growth Semiconductor counters BT: Semiconductor device Semiconductor detectors manufacture Semiconductor device RT: Buffer layers modeling Crystal growth Semiconductor device Epitaxial layers noise Semiconductor films Semiconductor diodes Semiconductor materials Semiconductor lasers Semiconductor waveguides Semiconductor impurities Semiconductor-insulator BT: Impurities interfaces RT: Charge carrier processes Silicon devices Plasma immersion ion Superluminescent diodes implantation Surface emitting lasers Semiconductor materials Thermistors Transistors Semiconductor industry This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 465 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Electronics industry III-V semiconductor materials Semiconductor laser arrays Indium gallium arsenide BT: Semiconductor lasers Indium phosphide Magnetic semiconductors Semiconductor lasers Organic semiconductors UF: Injection lasers Semiconductor Junction lasers superlattices Laser diodes Silicon BT: Lasers Silicon germanium Semiconductor devices Substrates Solid lasers Wide band gap RT: Molecular beam semiconductors applications Optical transmitters Semiconductor memory Refractive index UF: Semiconductor storage NT: Laser tuning BT: Memory Quantum dot lasers RT: Integrated circuits Quantum well lasers NT: Integrated memory circuits Semiconductor laser arrays Semiconductor optical Semiconductor nanostructures amplifiers BT: Nanostructures Surface emitting lasers Semiconductor nanotubes Semiconductor materials BT: Nanotubes UF: Pseudobinary semiconductors Semiconductor optical amplifiers Semi-insulating materials UF: SOA Semiconductor alloys BT: Optical amplifiers BT: Materials Semiconductor lasers RT: Acoustoelectric effects RT: Optical transmitters Charge carriers Quantum well lasers Conducting materials Crystals Semiconductor process modeling Excitons BT: Modeling High-k dielectric materials RT: Circuit simulation Photoconducting materials Radiative recombination Semiconductor quantum wells Semiconductor device USE: Quantum wells doping Semiconductor films Semiconductor radiation detectors Semiconductor growth BT: Radiation detectors Semiconductor impurities Semiconductor thin films Semiconductor storage Silicon compounds USE: Semiconductor memory Tunneling NT: Amorphous semiconductors Semiconductor superlattices Deep level transient BT: Semiconductor materials spectroscopy Superlattices Elemental semiconductors Gallium Semiconductor thin films Gallium arsenide BT: Thin films Germanium RT: Epitaxial growth II-VI semiconductor Gallium materials Germanium This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 466 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Semiconductor materials NT: Pragmatics Silicon Semantics Syntactics Semiconductor waveguides BT: Semiconductor devices Semisupervised learning UF: Semi-supervised learning Semiconductor-insulator interfaces BT: Learning systems BT: Semiconductor devices RT: Supervised learning RT: CMOSFETs Unsupervised learning MIM devices MIS devices Senior citizens MOS devices UF: Elderly Silicon-on-insulator BT: Social groups RT: Aging Semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor devices Assisted living USE: Semiconductor devices Geriatrics Gerontology Semiconductor-metal interfaces UF: Metal-semiconductor Sense and avoid interfaces USE: Collision avoidance BT: Semiconductor diodes RT: Magnetic field induced Sense organs strain BT: Anatomy Schottky diodes NT: Ear NT: Schottky barriers Eyes Multisensory integration Semicustom integrated circuits Nose USE: Application specific Olfactory bulb integrated circuits Taste buds Visual systems Seminars BT: Educational programs Sensitivity NT: Webinars BT: Measurement RT: Circuit analysis Semiology Control systems USE: Semiotics Robustness Tolerance analysis Semiosis NT: Sensitivity analysis USE: Semiotics Sensitivity analysis Semiotic studies BT: Sensitivity USE: Semiotics Sensitivity and specificity Semiotics BT: Biomedical measurement UF: Semiology Medical diagnosis Semiosis Semiotic studies Sensor arrays BT: Communication symbols BT: Arrays RT: Communication symbols Sensor systems and Linguistics applications Natural language NT: Sensor fusion processing Phonetics Sensor fusion Professional BT: Sensor arrays communication RT: Active perception This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 467 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Kalman filters Intracranial pressure Multimodal sensors sensors NT: Multisensor systems Ionizing radiation sensors Magnetic sensors Sensor phenomena and characterization Mechanical sensors BT: Sensors Multimodal sensors Nanosensors Sensor placement Optical sensors BT: Sensors Optoelectronic and photonic sensors Sensor systems Pressure sensors BT: Aerospace and electronic Sensor phenomena and systems characterization Sensor systems and Sensor placement applications Sensor systems and RT: Navigation applications NT: Activity recognition Thermal sensors Gunshot detection systems Thick film sensors Thin film sensors Sensor systems and applications Vision sensors BT: Sensors Wearable sensors NT: Detectors Electric sensing devices Sensors (image) Leak detection USE: Image sensors Radiofrequency identification Sensory aids Robot sensing systems BT: Medical services Sensor arrays RT: Assistive technology Sensor systems Biomedical equipment Orthotics Sensorless control Prosthetics BT: Control systems NT: Hearing aids RT: AC machines DC machines Sentiment analysis Drives UF: Opinion mining Induction motors BT: Computational linguistics Inductive power Natural language transmission processing Motor drives RT: Emotion recognition Motors Information analysis

Sensors Separation processes UF: Sun sensors BT: Materials science and RT: Capacitive transducers technology Magnetostrictive devices NT: Fractionation Wireless sensor networks Particle separators NT: Acoustic sensors Chemical and biological Separators sensors USE: Particle separators Electromechanical sensors Force sensors September 11 Glucose sensors USE: Terrorism Inertial sensors Infrared sensors Sequence analysis Intelligent sensors USE: Sequences This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 468 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Service function chaining Sequences UF: Service function chains UF: Digital sequences BT: Software defined Sequence analysis networking BT: Mathematics RT: Codes Service function chains NT: Binary sequences USE: Service function chaining Random sequences Service level agreements Sequencing UF: SLA USE: Sequential analysis BT: Contracts Service computing Sequential analysis RT: Internet UF: Sequencing Quality of service BT: System analysis and design NT: Zero correlation zone Service oriented architecture USE: Service-oriented Sequential circuits architecture UF: Sequential logic circuits BT: Circuits Service robots BT: Robots Sequential diagnosis RT: Home automation BT: System analysis and design Manipulators Mobile robots Sequential logic circuits Wearable robots USE: Sequential circuits Service-oriented architecture Sequential production UF: SOA USE: Flow production systems Service oriented architecture Serious games Service-oriented BT: Games architectures Simulation BT: Web services RT: Service computing Servers Service-oriented systems BT: Client-server systems engineering RT: Network function virtualization Service-oriented architectures NT: Web servers USE: Service-oriented architecture Service composability USE: Interoperability Service-oriented systems engineering UF: SOSE Service computing BT: Systems engineering and BT: Information technology theory RT: Business RT: Formal specifications Cloud computing Service computing Process design Service-oriented Service-oriented architecture architecture Software engineering Service-oriented systems engineering Servo control Web services USE: Servosystems NT: Service level agreements Servo-control This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 469 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Servosystems UF: Standard Generalized Markup Language Servomechanisms BT: Markup languages BT: Servomotors RT: Actuators Shadow mapping Manipulators UF: Projective shadowing Shadowing Servomotors BT: Computer graphics UF: Servos RT: Three-dimensional displays BT: Motors Rotating machines Shadowing Servosystems USE: Shadow mapping NT: Servomechanisms Shafts Servos BT: Machine components USE: Servomotors Production RT: Couplings Servosystems Gears UF: Servo control Machine tool spindles Servo-control Mechanical power BT: Control equipment transmission RT: Actuators Mechanical splines Manipulators Pistons Motion control Propellers Motor drives Torque converters Position control NT: Camshafts Robots Velocity control Shape NT: Servomotors BT: Graphics RT: Geometry Set theory Pattern recognition BT: Algebra Shape control Mathematics Shape measurement RT: Boolean algebra Maximum likelihood Shape control estimation BT: Mechanical variables NT: Fuzzy set theory control Fuzzy sets RT: Shape Rough sets Shape measurement SEU BT: Measurement USE: Single event upsets RT: Shape

Sewage treatment Shape memory alloys BT: Waste handling BT: Alloying RT: Pollution RT: Actuators Pollution control Sanitary engineering Shape memory material Sludge treatment USE: Smart materials Water pollution Shape memory technology SF6 USE: Smart materials USE: Sulfur hexafluoride Share prices SGML BT: Economic indicators This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 470 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Dampers Shared ledger BT: Suspensions (mechanical USE: Distributed ledger systems) RT: Automotive components Sharing economy Damping BT: Economics Springs Vibration control Shearing BT: Materials processing Shock waves RT: Sheet metal processing BT: Waves RT: Aerodynamics Sheet materials Seismic waves BT: Materials Structural shapes Shoe manufacture RT: Sandwich structures USE: Footwear industry Sheet metal processing Structural panels Shoes Thin wall structures USE: Footwear

Sheet metal processing Short circuit currents BT: Manufacturing systems USE: Short-circuit currents RT: Blanking Embossing Short-circuit currents Punching UF: Short circuit currents Shearing BT: Current Sheet materials RT: Molded case circuit breakers Shewhart charts USE: Control charts Shortest path problem UF: Shortest-path-problem Shift registers BT: Graph theory BT: Registers RT: Traveling salesman RT: Logic circuits problems NT: Linear feedback shift registers Shortest-path-problem USE: Shortest path problem Shingled magnetic recording BT: Magnetic recording Shoulder BT: Extremities Shipbuilding industry NT: Axilla UF: Boat building industry BT: Manufacturing industries Shunts (electrical) RT: Construction industry BT: Electric current control Photovoltaic effects Ships USE: Marine vehicles Si USE: Silicon Shock USE: Electric shock SiC USE: Silicon carbide Shock (mechanics) BT: Mechanical factors Sick pay NT: Thermal shock USE: Employee welfare

Shock absorbers Side channel attacks This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 471 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Side-channel attacks Signal denoising UF: Signal de-noising Side-channel attacks BT: Signal reconstruction UF: Side channel attacks RT: Signal resolution BT: Cryptography Signal restoration Signal to noise ratio SiGe USE: Silicon germanium Signal design BT: Signal processing Sigma delta USE: Sigma-delta modulation Signal detection UF: Detection (signal) Sigma-delta modulation BT: Signal processing UF: Delta sigma RT: Blind source separation Sigma delta Channel estimation BT: Delta modulation Correlators Decision making Sign language Demodulation BT: Gesture recognition Pattern clustering RT: Assistive technology Receivers Deafness Signal resolution Semantics Source separation Time of arrival estimation Signal analysis NT: Acoustic signal detection UF: Waveform analysis Motion detection BT: Signal processing Multiuser detection RT: Autocorrelation Optical signal detection Blind source separation Phase detection Frequency-domain analysis Radar detection Pattern clustering Power system faults Signal estimation Rate distortion theory USE: Estimation Signal resolution Speech analysis Signal flow graphs Total harmonic distortion USE: Flow graphs Transient analysis Wavelet transforms Signal generators NT: Discrete-event systems UF: Function generators Harmonic analysis Waveform generators Parameter estimation BT: Signal processing Signal mapping NT: Noise generators Spectral analysis Pulse generation

Signal classification Signal integrity USE: Pattern classification BT: Signal processing

Signal constellation Signal mapping USE: Constellation diagram BT: Signal analysis

Signal de-noising Signal processing USE: Signal denoising UF: Vibrational signal processing Signal decomposition RT: Analog processing circuits USE: Signal resolution Antennas and propagation Band-pass filters This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 472 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Bandwidth Optical wavelength Biomedical computing conversion Bit rate Phase locked loops Correlators Pulse compression Data processing methods Decoding Pulse shaping methods Deconvolution Quantization (signal) Digital signal processors RF signals Discrete Fourier transforms Radar signal processing Empirical mode Received signal strength decomposition indicator Encoding Recording Estimation Signal analysis Estimation theory Signal design Feature extraction Signal detection Fourier series Signal generators Gaussian noise Signal integrity Independent component Signal reconstruction analysis Signal resolution Matrix decomposition Signal restoration Pattern clustering Signal sampling Prediction methods Signal synthesis Random processes Source separation Rate distortion theory Spectrogram Stability analysis Tracking loops Structure from motion Synapses Signal processing algorithms System-on-chip BT: Algorithms Transforms Transversal filters Signal quantisation Vectors USE: Quantization (signal) Wavelet transforms NT: Acoustic signal processing Signal quantization Adaptive signal processing USE: Quantization (signal) Amplifiers Array signal processing Signal reconstruction Attenuators BT: Signal processing Chirp RT: Inverse problems Convolution Signal sampling Decorrelation Signal to noise ratio Digital signal processing NT: Signal denoising Dispersion Distortion Signal representation Error correction BT: Modeling Fading channels RT: Approximation methods Filters Wavelet transforms Frequency locked loops Geophysical signal Signal resolution processing UF: Signal decomposition Limiting BT: Signal processing Modulation RT: Array signal processing Multidimensional signal Signal analysis processing Signal denoising Noise Signal detection Optical signal processing Spectral analysis This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 473 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Diversity reception Silica Signal restoration USE: Silicon compounds BT: Signal processing RT: Deconvolution Silicidation Distortion BT: Semiconductor device Signal denoising manufacture

Signal sampling Silicides BT: Signal processing BT: Silicon compounds RT: Quantization (signal) Sampling methods Silicon Signal reconstruction UF: Si Silicon materials Signal separation Siliconization USE: Source separation BT: Semiconductor materials RT: Amorphous semiconductors Signal synthesis Elemental semiconductors BT: Signal processing Epitaxial growth RT: Speech synthesis Semiconductor thin films Silicon compounds Signal to noise ratio Silicon devices UF: S/N Silicon germanium SNR Silicon-on-insulator Signal-to-noise ratio NT: Amorphous silicon Signal-to-noise-ratio Porous silicon BT: Noise Silicon alloys RT: Filters Silicon photonics Noise figure RAKE receivers Silicon alloys Signal denoising BT: Silicon Signal reconstruction RT: Alloying NT: PSNR NT: Germanium silicon alloys

Signal-to-noise ratio Silicon carbide USE: Signal to noise ratio UF: SiC BT: Silicon compounds Signal-to-noise-ratio USE: Signal to noise ratio Silicon compiler BT: Computer aided Signaling block systems manufacturing USE: Block signalling RT: Integrated circuit manufacture Signaling systems USE: Communication system Silicon compounds signaling UF: Silica Silicon dioxide Signalling block systems BT: Compounds USE: Block signalling RT: Critical current density Semiconductor materials Signature detection Silicon USE: Handwriting recognition Wide band gap semiconductors Signature verification NT: Silicides USE: Handwriting recognition Silicon carbide This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 474 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Silicon nitride Silicon-on-insulator UF: SOI Silicon controlled rectifiers SOS (silicon on sapphire) USE: Thyristors Silicon on insulator Silicon on insulator Silicon devices technology BT: Semiconductor devices Silicon-on-insulator RT: Doping technology Photonics BT: Circuits Silicon RT: Double-gate FETs Integrated circuits Silicon dioxide Interface states USE: Silicon compounds Junctionless nanowire transistors Silicon epitaxial layers Proton radiation effects USE: Semiconductor epitaxial Semiconductor devices layers Semiconductor-insulator interfaces Silicon germanium Silicon UF: SiGe Silicon germanium BT: Semiconductor materials Thin film circuits RT: Germanium NT: Silicon on sapphire Silicon Silicon-on-insulator Silicon-on-insulator technology Substrates USE: Silicon-on-insulator Transistors Silicon-on-sapphire Silicon materials USE: Silicon on sapphire USE: Silicon Silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon Silicon nitride USE: SONOS devices BT: Nitrogen Silicon compounds Siliconization USE: Silicon Silicon on insulator USE: Silicon-on-insulator Silver UF: Ag Silicon on insulator technology BT: Metals USE: Silicon-on-insulator SIMO communication Silicon on sapphire UF: Single input multiple output UF: Silicon-on-sapphire systems BT: CMOS technology BT: Communication systems Silicon-on-insulator RT: Antenna arrays RT: Substrates Diversity reception Feedback Silicon photonics MIMO communication BT: Photonics MISO communication Silicon Optical materials RT: Optical fiber communication Radio communication SISO communication Silicon radiation detectors BT: Radiation detectors Simple object access protocol RT: Ionizing radiation UF: SOAP BT: Web services This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 475 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Hetero-nanocrystal memory Simulated annealing BT: Mathematics Single electron transistors Optimization methods UF: Single-electron transistors RT: Annealing BT: Single electron devices Monte Carlo methods Relaxation methods Single event latchup BT: Proton effects Simulation Radiation effects UF: Simulation results BT: Modeling Single event transients RT: Application virtualization BT: Ionization Computer aided analysis Computer graphics Single event upsets Emulation UF: SEU Matlab BT: Ionization Monte Carlo methods Numerical simulation Single input multiple output systems Reduced order systems USE: SIMO communication NT: Computer simulation Digital simulation Single input single output systems Hardware-in-the-loop USE: SISO communication simulation Human in the loop Single machine scheduling Medical simulation BT: Scheduling Mixed reality RT: Optimization methods Quantum simulation Serious games single photon avalanche diodes Systems simulation USE: Single-photon avalanche diodes Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis Single photon emission computed USE: SPICE tomography UF: SPECT Simulation results BT: Computed tomography USE: Simulation RT: Cancer Collimators Simultaneous localization and mapping Phantoms UF: SLAM Tumors BT: Robot sensing systems Single-electron transistors Single atom lasers USE: Single electron transistors USE: Atom lasers Single-photon avalanche diodes Single electron devices UF: SPAD BT: Circuits and systems single photon avalanche Electron devices diodes RT: Nanoscale devices BT: Avalanche photodiodes Nanotechnology Resonant tunneling devices Single-wall carbon nanotubes NT: Single electron memory USE: Carbon nanotubes Single electron transistors Singular value decomposition Single electron memory BT: Matrices BT: Single electron devices This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 476 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Siri BT: Cancer USE: Virtual assistants NT: Melanoma

SIS devices (semiconductor) Skin effect USE: Semiconductor devices BT: Current density RT: Conductors SIS devices (superconductor) Power systems USE: Superconducting devices Resistance System analysis and design SISO communication UF: Single input single output Skin neoplasms systems BT: Neoplasms BT: Communication systems RT: Antenna arrays Skull Diversity reception BT: Head MIMO communication RT: Bones MISO communication Radio communication Skyrmions SIMO communication BT: Solitons Transmitters SLA Six sigma USE: Service level agreements BT: Total quality management RT: Quality assurance Slabs Quality control BT: Structural shapes

Size control Slag BT: Mechanical variables BT: Industrial waste control RT: Fly ash RT: Thickness control Waste disposal Waste management Size measurement BT: Measurement SLAM RT: Area measurement USE: Simultaneous localization Length measurement and mapping Thickness measurement Volume measurement SLD NT: Functional point analysis USE: Superluminescent diodes

Skeleton Sleep BT: Musculoskeletal system BT: Brain NT: Bones NT: Rapid eye movement sleep Joints Sleep apnea Spine Thorax Sleep apnea UF: Sleep apnoea Skin Snore activity BT: Integumentary system Snore signals NT: Dermis Snoring Epidermis BT: Medical conditions Sebaceous glands Sleep Sweat glands Sleep apnoea Skin cancer USE: Sleep apnea UF: Basal cell carcinoma This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 477 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Slideways (mechanical) BT: Satellites USE: Mechanical guides NT: CubeSat

Sliding mode control Smallsats UF: Sliding-mode control USE: Small satellites BT: Control systems SMAP mission Sliding-mode control UF: Soil Moisture Active USE: Sliding mode control Passive mission BT: Soil moisture Slot antennas BT: Antennas Smart actuators USE: Intelligent actuators Slot line components UF: Slotline components Smart buildings BT: Slot lines BT: Buildings

Slot lines Smart cameras UF: Slotline BT: Cameras BT: Planar transmission lines Computer vision NT: Slot line components RT: Distributed vision networks

Slotline Smart cards USE: Slot lines BT: User interfaces RT: Access control Slotline components Data processing USE: Slot line components Smart cities Slow light BT: Intelligent structures BT: Light sources Urban areas RT: Velocity measurement RT: Buildings Construction industry Sludge treatment Cyber-physical systems UF: Activated sludge process Energy informatics BT: Waste handling RT: Pollution control Smart clothing Sewage treatment USE: Smart textiles Wastewater Wastewater treatment Smart contracts BT: Contracts Slurries Protocols BT: Waste materials RT: Industrial waste Smart devices BT: Electronic equipment Small business technology transfer Wireless communication BT: Technology transfer RT: Physical unclonable function Small cell networks Smart healthcare USE: Microcell networks Smart manufacturing Tactile Internet Small satellites Virtual assistants UF: Microsatellites NT: Smart glasses Miniaturized satellites Nanosatellites Smart elastomers Smallsats USE: Dielectric elastomers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 478 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Shape memory technology Smart fabrics BT: Materials USE: Smart textiles RT: Austenite Azobenzene Smart factories Dielectric elastomers USE: Smart manufacturing Martensite Metamaterials Smart farming Polycaprolactone USE: Digital agriculture Smart manufacturing Smart transportation Smart garments NT: Biomimetic materials USE: Smart textiles Smart textiles

Smart glasses Smart medical services UF: Smartglasses USE: Smart healthcare BT: Smart devices Wearable computers Smart meters BT: Meter reading Smart grids RT: Automatic meter reading UF: Smart microgrids Smart grids Smart power grids BT: Power grids Smart microgrids RT: Cyber-physical systems USE: Smart grids Energy informatics Microgrids Smart phones Power distribution networks UF: Smartphones Smart meters BT: Mobile handsets Transactive energy RT: Bring your own device NT: Vehicle-to-grid Smart pixels Smart health BT: Image processing USE: Smart healthcare RT: Integrated optoelectronics Optical switches Smart healthcare UF: Smart health Smart power grids Smart medical services USE: Smart grids BT: Medical services RT: Electronic healthcare Smart sensors Point of care USE: Intelligent sensors Smart devices Smart spaces Smart homes BT: Ergonomics BT: Buildings Sociotechnical systems Home automation Smart structures Smart manufacturing USE: Intelligent structures UF: Smart factories BT: Manufacturing Smart textiles RT: Intelligent manufacturing UF: Electronic textiles systems Smart clothing Smart devices Smart fabrics Smart materials Smart garments BT: Smart materials Smart materials RT: Wearable computers UF: Shape memory material This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 479 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Smart transportation USE: Switched mode power BT: Transportation supplies RT: Automated highways Intelligent transportation SMPTE systems UF: Society of Motion Picture Intelligent vehicles and Television Engineers Smart materials BT: Standards organizations

Smart TV SMPTE Standards BT: TV BT: Standards publications RT: Internet Sn Smartglasses USE: Tin USE: Smart glasses Snake bots Smartphones USE: Snake robots USE: Smart phones Snake robots Smelting UF: Snake bots BT: Materials processing Snakebots RT: Blast furnaces BT: Robots Heat treatment Melt processing Snakebots Metals industry USE: Snake robots Refining Snapchat SMES USE: Multimedia Web sites USE: Superconducting magnetic energy storage Snore activity USE: Sleep apnea Smoke detectors BT: Alarm systems Snore signals RT: Domestic safety USE: Sleep apnea Fires Ionization chambers Snoring Safety devices USE: Sleep apnea Zigbee Snow Smoothed particle hydrodynamics BT: Meteorology USE: Fluid flow AND RT: Ice Hydrodynamics SNR Smoothing methods USE: Signal to noise ratio BT: Mathematics SNS devices SMOS mission USE: Superconducting devices UF: Soil moisture and ocean salinity Snubbers Soil moisture and ocean BT: Power electronics salinity mission BT: Ocean salinity SOA Soil moisture USE: Semiconductor optical amplifiers AND SMPS Service-oriented architecture This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 480 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Technology acceptance SOAP model USE: Simple object access NT: Cultural aspects protocol Cultural differences Environmental factors SOC Ethical aspects USE: System-on-chip Ethics Globalization Soccer International relations USE: Sports Peace technology Philosophical Social computing considerations BT: Collaborative work Social factors Internet Sustainable development RT: Behavioral sciences Technology Crowdsourcing Social computing Social intelligence Social networking (online) BT: Behavioral sciences NT: Persuasive systems Social computing Social intelligence Sociology RT: Cultural differences Social engineering (security) Digital intelligence BT: Information security Social factors RT: Human factors Psychology Social media Social factors USE: Social networking (online)

Social factors Social network theory BT: Social implications of BT: Sociotechnical systems technology RT: Complex networks RT: Bio-inspired computing Social networking (online) Digital divide Governmental factors Social networking International collaboration USE: Social networking (online) International relations Philosophical Social networking (online) considerations UF: Facebook Social engineering Linkedin (security) Myspace Social intelligence Reddit Technology planning Social media NT: Demography Social networking Developing countries Social networking services Technology social factors Social networks Social-network Social groups Twitter BT: Sociology WeChat NT: Millennials BT: Information retrieval Senior citizens RT: Blogs Crowdsourcing Social implications of technology Electronic mail UF: Orange technology Internet RT: Cyberethics Journalism Digital divide Multimedia Web sites Social computing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 481 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Social network theory BT: Electronic equipment Web sites RT: Flexible electronics NT: Computer mediated Inorganic materials communication Wearable computers MySpace Second Life Soft lithography UF: Microcontact printing Social networking services Replica molding USE: Social networking (online) Replica moulding BT: Lithography Social networks RT: Nanolithography USE: Social networking (online) Nanopatterning

Social sciences Soft magnetic materials BT: Science - general BT: Magnetic materials RT: Complex networks Network theory (graphs) Soft robotics NT: Behavioral sciences UF: Soft robots Journalism BT: Robots Psychology Sociology Soft robots USE: Soft robotics Social-network USE: Social networking (online) Soft switch USE: Soft switching Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers Soft switching USE: SMPTE UF: Soft switch Softswitch Socio-technical systems BT: Telecommunication USE: Sociotechnical systems computing RT: Routing Sociology BT: Social sciences Softening RT: Collective intelligence UF: Softening (metallurgical) NT: Digital divide BT: Materials processing Social groups RT: Annealing Social intelligence Softening (metallurgical) Sociotechnical systems USE: Softening UF: Socio-technical systems BT: Organizations Softswitch NT: Smart spaces USE: Soft switching Social network theory Software Sockets UF: Computer software BT: Connectors On-demand software BT: Computers and information Sodium processing BT: Chemical elements RT: Algorithms Computer languages Sodium chloride Computer science USE: Chlorine compounds Courseware Documentation Soft electronics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 482 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Enterprise resource Dew computing planning Microarchitecture Firewalls (computing) Representational state Geospatial analysis transfer Microprogramming Restful API Programming Software engineering Software as a service Software protection UF: On demand software Software standards On-demand software NT: Anti-virus software SaaS Application software Software-as-a-service Embedded software BT: Software Freeware RT: Cloud computing Malware Information processing Middleware Open source software Software debugging Optical character BT: Software recognition software RT: Programming Privacy-invasive software Programming environments Public domain software NT: Software design Software agents Software as a service Software defined networking Software debugging UF: SDN Software maintenance Software defined networks Software packages Software-defined Software performance networking Software quality BT: Computer networks Software reusability RT: Application programming Software safety interfaces Software systems Cloud computing Software tools Computer network System software management Distributed processing Software agents Intelligent networks BT: Software Mobile computing RT: Artificial intelligence Network function Computer applications virtualization Distributed computing Network operating systems Intelligent systems Operating systems Knowledge based systems Protocols Learning systems Virtual machining Mobile agents Virtualization NT: Agent-based modeling NT: Service function chaining Autonomous agents Botnet Software defined networks Intelligent agents USE: Software defined networking Software algorithms BT: Algorithms Software defined radio USE: Software radio Software architecture BT: Software engineering Software design RT: Distributed computing BT: Software debugging NT: Client-server systems RT: Web design Deep architecture NT: Model driven engineering This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 483 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Usability Software measurement BT: Measurement Software development management UF: Github Software packages BT: Engineering management BT: Software RT: Release engineering RT: Computer applications Scrum (Software Power system analysis development) computing Software product lines NT: EMTDC NT: Agile software development PSCAD Model-driven development SPICE

Software documentation Software performance USE: Documentation BT: Software RT: Algorithmic efficiency Software engineering Capability maturity model BT: Computers and information processing Software piracy RT: Code refractoring USE: Computer crime Functional point analysis Rapid prototyping Software product lines Requirements engineering BT: Product development Service-oriented systems Software engineering engineering RT: Software development Software management Static analysis Software maintenance Systems Modeling Language Software protection Visual BASIC BT: Copyright protection NT: Capability maturity model Legal factors Computer aided software RT: Digital rights management engineering Intellectual property Formal verification Software Programming environments Reasoning about programs Software prototyping Release engineering BT: System analysis and design Runtime Software architecture Software quality Software libraries BT: Software Software product lines RT: Algorithmic efficiency

Software libraries Software radio BT: Libraries UF: Reconfigurable radio Software engineering Software defined radio RT: Algorithms Software-defined radio Matlab BT: Mobile communication Object oriented Radio communication programming RT: Cellular radio Python Code division multiplexing Software reusability Land mobile radio Telecommunication Software maintenance computing BT: Software Transceivers RT: Software product lines Software reliability This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 484 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Reliability Soil Software reusability BT: Geoscience UF: Software reuse RT: Earth BT: Software Excavation RT: Capability maturity model Sediments Object oriented Soil measurements programming Soil pollution Software libraries NT: Soil moisture Soil properties Software reuse Soil texture USE: Software reusability Soil measurements Software reviews BT: Measurement BT: IEEE indexing RT: Geophysical measurements Moisture measurement Software safety Remote sensing BT: Software Soil RT: Product safety engineering NT: Salinity (geophysical)

Software standards Soil moisture BT: Standards categories BT: Soil RT: ISO NT: SMAP mission ISO Standards SMOS mission Software Soil Moisture Active Passive mission Software systems USE: SMAP mission BT: Software Soil moisture and ocean salinity Software testing USE: SMOS mission BT: Testing NT: Combinatorial testing Soil moisture and ocean salinity mission Fuzzing USE: SMOS mission

Software tools Soil pollution BT: Software BT: Land pollution RT: Computer aided software RT: Agriculture engineering Soil Programming Programming environments Soil properties Visual BASIC BT: Soil NT: Authoring systems Soil texture Software-as-a-service BT: Soil USE: Software as a service Solar cells Software-defined networking USE: Photovoltaic cells USE: Software defined networking Solar cooling BT: Cooling Software-defined radio USE: Software radio Solar eclipses BT: Sun SOI USE: Silicon-on-insulator Solar energy This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 485 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Energy resources RT: Maximum power point Solder joints trackers USE: Soldering Solar heating Solar power generation Soldering Solar radiation UF: Solder joints BT: Assembly Solar generation Fabrication USE: Solar power generation Joining processes RT: Bonding processes Solar heating Manufacturing BT: Energy conversion Materials processing Heating systems Soldering equipment RT: Phase change materials NT: Brazing Solar energy Flip chip solder joints Space heating Reflow soldering

Solar panels Soldering equipment BT: Photovoltaic systems BT: Production equipment Solar power generation RT: Joining materials Joining processes Solar polarimetry Soldering USE: Polarimetry Solderless breadboard Solar power generation USE: Breadboard UF: Solar generation BT: Power generation Solenoids RT: Building integrated BT: Magnetic devices photovoltaics RT: Switches Solar energy Transducers Solar powered vehicles NT: Maximum power point Solid lasers trackers UF: Color center lasers Photovoltaic systems Solid state lasers Solar panels Solid-state lasers BT: Lasers Solar powered vehicles RT: Thermal lensing BT: Electric vehicles Thermooptical devices RT: Battery powered vehicles NT: Microchip lasers Energy storage Quantum well lasers Solar power generation Semiconductor lasers Traction motors Surface emitting lasers Vehicle-to-grid Solid modeling Solar radiation BT: Modeling BT: Extraterrestrial phenomena RT: Solid-state physics RT: Solar energy Virtual reality Space radiation Solid oxide electrolyzer cells Solar system USE: Fuel cells BT: Astronomy NT: Kuiper belt Solid scintillation detectors Planets BT: Scintillation counters Satellites RT: Energy resolution Sun Medical diagnostic imaging This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 486 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Spectroscopy BT: Physics RT: Materials science and Solid state batteries technology UF: Solid-state batteries Quantum mechanics BT: Batteries Solid modeling

Solid state circuit design Solids UF: Solid-state circuit design BT: Materials BT: Solid state circuits RT: Crystals RT: Circuit synthesis Materials science and technology Solid state circuits NT: Young's modulus UF: Solid-state circuits RT: Circuits and systems Solitons Solid state drives BT: Waves NT: Circuit subsystems NT: Optical solitons Circuit theory Skyrmions FET circuits Gate leakage Solution design Solid state circuit design BT: Systems engineering and Transistors theory

Solid state drives Solvents BT: Digital storage BT: Chemical processes RT: DRAM chips RT: Methanol Flash memories Integrated memory circuits SOM Solid state circuits USE: Self-organizing feature maps Solid state lasers USE: Solid lasers Soma UF: Somata Solid state lighting BT: Neurons UF: Solid-state lighting RT: Brain BT: Lighting Somata Solid waste USE: Soma USE: Waste materials Sonar Solid-state batteries BT: Aerospace and electronic USE: Solid state batteries systems RT: Acoustic arrays Solid-state circuit design Chirp modulation USE: Solid state circuit design Ultrasonic transducers NT: Sonar applications Solid-state circuits Sonar equipment USE: Solid state circuits Synthetic aperture sonar

Solid-state lasers Sonar applications USE: Solid lasers BT: Sonar RT: Sonar navigation Solid-state lighting NT: Sonar detection USE: Solid state lighting Sonar measurements

Solid-state physics Sonar detection This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 487 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Acoustic signal detection USE: Audio systems Sonar applications RT: Reflectivity Source coding BT: Data compression Sonar equipment Encoding UF: Hydrophones Information theory BT: Sonar RT: Rate distortion theory Release engineering Sonar measurements BT: Sonar applications Source location RT: Remote sensing USE: Position measurement Sea measurements Source separation Sonar navigation UF: Signal separation BT: Navigation BT: Signal processing RT: Sonar applications RT: Adaptive signal detection Array signal processing SONET Signal detection UF: Synchronous optical NT: Blind source separation network BT: Communication standards South America Digital communication BT: Continents ETSI Standards Optical fiber communication South Pole RT: Asynchronous transfer BT: Antarctica mode Synchronous digital Space based radar hierarchy USE: Spaceborne radar Transport protocols Space born radar Sonification USE: Spaceborne radar BT: Audio systems Information processing Space charge BT: Charge carrier processes Sonogram Electrostatic processes BT: Ultrasonography RT: Pulsed electroacoustic RT: Spectrogram methods Vacuum technology SONOS devices UF: Silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide- Space communications silicon BT: Telecommunications BT: Semiconductor devices NT: Deep-space communications Sorting BT: Data handling Space cooling RT: Merging BT: Cooling RT: Buildings SOS (silicon on sapphire) Coolants USE: Silicon-on-insulator Refrigerants

SOSE Space debris USE: Service-oriented systems UF: Orbital debris engineering Space junk Space waste Sound systems BT: Space technology This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 488 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Space diversity Space stations USE: Spatial diversity BT: Artificial satellites NT: International Space Station Space division multiplexing Space power stations UF: Space-division multiplexing BT: Multiplexing Space technology UF: Space habitats Space exploration BT: Aerospace engineering UF: Space travel RT: Artificial satellites BT: Space technology Extraterrestrial phenomena RT: NASA Field programmable analog NT: Interplanetary exploration arrays Space missions NASA Space vehicles Space habitats NT: Payloads USE: Buildings AND Space debris Space technology Space exploration

Space heating Space travel BT: Heating systems USE: Space exploration RT: Building services Gas appliances Space vector pulse width modulation Solar heating UF: SVPWM Temperature control BT: Pulse width modulation Vents RT: AC motors Converters Space junk DC motors USE: Space debris Space vehicle electronics Space measurements USE: Aerospace electronics USE: Extraterrestrial measurements Space vehicle instrumentation USE: Aerospace electronics Space missions BT: Space exploration Space vehicle navigation RT: Interplanetary exploration USE: Space vehicles NASA Space vehicles Space phenomena UF: Planetary landers USE: Extraterrestrial phenomena Space vehicle navigation BT: Vehicles Space power stations RT: Aerospace accidents UF: Power stations (space) Aerospace control BT: Space stations Aerospace electronics RT: Power generation Aerospace materials Aerospace safety Space radiation Artificial satellites BT: Radiation effects Ground support RT: Ionization Proton effects Solar radiation Space technology NT: Space shuttles Space shuttles BT: Space vehicles Space waste RT: Aerospace safety USE: Space debris This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 489 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Sparse matrices Space-division multiplexing USE: Space division multiplexing Spatial augmented reality BT: Augmented reality Space-time codes BT: Codes Spatial coherence RT: Channel coding BT: Image processing Decoding Spatial databases Spaceborn radar BT: Databases USE: Spaceborne radar Spatial diversity Spaceborne radar UF: Antenna diversity UF: Satellite born radar Space diversity Satellite borne radar BT: Communication systems Space based radar Wireless communication Space born radar RT: Antennas Spaceborn radar Quality of service BT: Radar Receiving antennas RT: Radar remote sensing Synthetic aperture radar Spatial filters BT: Filters Spacecraft materials USE: Aerospace materials Spatial indexes UF: Spacial indices Spacial indices BT: Indexes USE: Spatial indexes Spatial resolution SPAD BT: Image resolution USE: Single-photon avalanche RT: Image quality diodes Spatio-temporal phenomena Spam USE: Spatiotemporal phenomena USE: Unsolicited e-mail Spatiotemporal phenomena Spamming UF: Spatio-temporal USE: Unsolicited e-mail phenomena BT: Chaos Spark gaps RT: Nonlinear dynamical BT: Electromagnetic analysis systems RT: Air gaps Pattern formation Electrodes Pattern matching Insulation Pattern recognition Sparks Switches Speaker recognition BT: Identification of persons Sparks RT: Biometrics (access control) BT: Electric breakdown Speech RT: Spark gaps Speech recognition Viterbi algorithm Sparse matrices UF: Sparse matrix Special issues BT: Numerical analysis USE: Special issues and sections

Sparse matrix Special issues and sections This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 490 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Special issues Measurement Special sections RT: Bandwidth BT: IEEE indexing Information processing

Special sections Spectral shape USE: Special issues and sections BT: Acoustics

Specific absorption rate Spectral waterfall UF: SAR USE: Spectrogram BT: Electromagnetic interference Spectral-domain USE: Spectral analysis Specification languages BT: Computer languages Spectrogram NT: Domain specific languages UF: Spectral waterfall Unified modeling language Voice print Voicegram Speckle Voiceprint BT: Optical noise BT: Signal processing RT: Optical interferometry RT: Sonogram Optical scattering Spectrometry SPECT USE: Spectroscopy USE: Single photon emission computed tomography Spectroradiometers BT: Radiometers Spectral analysis Spectral analysis UF: Power spectra NT: MODIS Spectral domain Spectral-domain Spectroscopy Spectrum analysis UF: Spectrometry Spectrum estimation BT: Measurement BT: Signal analysis RT: Atomic measurements RT: Direction-of-arrival Bandwidth estimation Fourier series Estimation Infrared spectra Frequency estimation Nuclear measurements Harmonic analysis Radiation detectors Parameter estimation Solid scintillation detectors Prediction methods Spectral analysis Signal resolution Thermoreflectance imaging Spectroscopy NT: Deep level transient Speech analysis spectroscopy Time series analysis Electrochemical impedance Transforms spectroscopy NT: Infrared spectra Electron paramagnetic Judd-Ofelt theory resonance Spectroradiometers Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Spectral domain Kirchhoff's Law USE: Spectral analysis MERIS Mass spectroscopy Spectral efficiency Neutron spin echo UF: Bandwidth efficiency Photoacoustic effects BT: Channel allocation Resonance light scattering This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 491 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Spectrum analysis Speech processing USE: Spectral analysis BT: Acoustic signal processing RT: Delay estimation Spectrum estimation Phonetics USE: Spectral analysis Prediction methods NT: Human voice Spectrum management Speech enhancement USE: Radio spectrum Speech synthesis management Voice activity detection

Speech Speech recognition BT: Oral communication BT: Identification of persons RT: Speaker recognition Pattern recognition RT: Cepstral analysis Speech activity detection Emotion recognition USE: Voice activity detection Feature extraction Speaker recognition Speech analysis Speech enhancement BT: Speech recognition Voice activity detection RT: Cepstral analysis NT: Automatic speech Frequency estimation recognition Signal analysis Speech analysis Spectral analysis Speech coding Speech synthesis Speech synthesis UF: Synthetic speech Voice response systems Speech codecs BT: Speech processing BT: Codecs RT: Biomedical equipment Communication equipment Signal synthesis RT: Decoding Speech analysis Speech coding Voice activity detection Vocoders NT: Chatbot

Speech coding Speechmaking BT: Encoding USE: Public speaking Information theory RT: Audio coding Speed control Rate distortion theory USE: Velocity control Speech analysis Speech codecs Speed measurement Vector quantization USE: Velocity measurement Vocoders Voice activity detection SPICE UF: Simulation Program with Speech communication Integrated Circuit Emphasis USE: Oral communication pSPICE BT: Software packages Speech detection RT: Circuit analysis USE: Voice activity detection Design automation Integrated circuits Speech enhancement BT: Speech processing Spin injection RT: Hearing aids USE: Spin polarized transport Speech recognition This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 492 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Spin polarised transport Paper mills USE: Spin polarized transport Pulp and paper industry Spinning Spin polarized transport Textile industry UF: Spin injection Textiles Spin polarised transport BT: Magnetoelectronics Spintronics RT: Magnetic tunneling UF: Fluxtronics Magnetoresistance Spinelectronics BT: Magnetoelectric effects Spin valves BT: Magnetic sensors Spirals RT: Hysteresis BT: Mathematics

Spin-dependent tunneling Splicing USE: Magnetic tunneling UF: Cable splicing Fusion splicing Spin-dependent tunnelling BT: Joining processes USE: Magnetic tunneling RT: Optical fiber cables Transmission lines Spinal cord BT: Nervous system Spline functions NT: Cerebrospinal fluid USE: Splines (mathematics) Spinal cord injury Splines (mathematics) Spinal cord injuries UF: B-Spline USE: Spinal cord injury Spline functions BT: Numerical analysis Spinal cord injury RT: Curve fitting UF: Spinal cord injuries BT: Spinal cord Split gate flash memory cells RT: Neurological diseases UF: Split-gate flash memory cells Spinal cord stimulation BT: Flash memory cells USE: Electrical stimulation Split ring resonators Spindle bearings BT: Resonators USE: Machine tool spindles RT: Electromagnetic metamaterials Spine Metamaterials BT: Nervous system Optical resonators Skeleton Terahertz metamaterials

Spinelectronics Split-gate flash memory cells USE: Spintronics USE: Split gate flash memory cells Spinning BT: Textile technology SPO RT: Spinning machines USE: Triples (Data structure) Textile fibers Spontaneous emission Spinning machines UF: Superradiance BT: Textile machinery BT: Photonics RT: Paper making RT: Microcavities Paper making machines Photonic crystals This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 493 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Radiative recombination Ultra wideband communication Sports UF: Baseball Spread spectrum radar Football UF: Frequency hop radar Hockey Pseudonoise coded radar Soccer BT: Radar Swimming RT: Chirp modulation Tennis Electronic countermeasures BT: Entertainment industry Electronic warfare RT: Games Radar countermeasures Sports equipment Spreadsheet programs Sports equipment UF: Microsoft Excel BT: Manufactured products BT: Data processing RT: Bicycles Sports Springs BT: Mechanical products Spot welding Production BT: Welding RT: Shock absorbers Suspensions (mechanical Spraying systems) BT: Surface finishing Wires RT: Aerosols Coatings Sprites (computer) Liquids BT: Computer graphics Particle production RT: Three-dimensional displays Surface charging Two dimensional displays NT: Thermal spraying Spur gears Spread spectrum communication USE: Gears UF: Frequency hop communication Spurline Frequency-hop BT: Power filters communication RT: Planar transmission lines Multi-hop NT: Spurline components Multihop Pseudonoise coded Spurline components communication BT: Spurline BT: Digital communication RT: 3G mobile communication Sputter deposition 4G mobile communication USE: Sputtering Bluetooth Channel estimation Sputter etching Chirp modulation BT: Sputtering Code division multiplexing RT: Cardiography Electronic countermeasures Electronic warfare Sputtering Multicarrier code division UF: Sputter deposition multiple access Thin film deposition Multiuser detection BT: Materials preparation Radio communication RT: Coatings countermeasures Films Time division synchronous Magnetrons code division multiple access Physical vapor deposition This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 494 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Sputter etching Signal processing System analysis and design Spyware NT: Stability criteria BT: Privacy-invasive software Stability criteria SQL BT: Stability analysis USE: Structured Query Language Stacking SQL injection BT: Material storage BT: Computer crime RT: Containers Information security Materials handling Warehousing SQUID magnetometers BT: Magnetometers Stairs RT: Magnetic fields BT: Construction RT: Elevators SQUIDs Escalators UF: Superconducting quantum Legged locomotion interference devices Mobile robots BT: Superconducting devices RT: Readout electronics Stakeholder pensions USE: Pensions Sr USE: Strontium Stakeholders BT: Customer relationship SRAM management USE: SRAM chips Organizational aspects RT: Decision making SRAM cells Requirements engineering BT: Random access memory Strategic planning

SRAM chips Standard Generalized Markup Language UF: SRAM USE: SGML BT: Random access memory RT: CMOS memory circuits Standardization BT: Engineering - general Stability RT: IEC BT: Reliability ISO RT: Asymptotic stability ISO Standards Control systems NT: Formal specifications Damping Guidelines Lyapunov methods Standards Predator prey systems Robustness Standards NT: Circuit stability BT: Standardization Robust stability RT: Conformance testing Stability analysis IEC Thermal stability ISO International collaboration Stability analysis Open systems BT: Stability Qualifications RT: Algorithms NT: Standards categories Differential equations Standards organizations Laser stability Standards publications Plasma properties This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 495 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Standards categories RT: Emergency power supplies BT: Standards NT: Communication standards Standby power supplies International Atomic Time USE: Emergency power supplies Measurement standards Military standards Stark effect Power and energy BT: Electrooptic effects standards Software standards Starter motors (automotive) USE: Automotive components Standards organizations BT: Standards STATCOM NT: 3GPP UF: Static compensator ANSI BT: Static VAr compensators ASA CSA Group State estimation DMTF BT: Estimation ETSI RT: Control systems IEC NT: Observers IEEE Standards Association State feedback ISO BT: Linear feedback control ITU systems NACE International NEMA State of charge NFPA BT: Battery chargers NIST Open Geospatial State pensions Consortium USE: Pensions SMPTE W3C State space theory USE: State-space methods Standards publications BT: Standards State-space methods NT: 3GPP Standards UF: State space theory ANSI Standards State-space model ASA Standards BT: Control system analysis CSA Group Standards RT: Time-domain analysis DMTF Standards ETSI Standards State-space model IEC Standards USE: State-space methods IEEE Standards ISO Standards Static analysis ITU Standards UF: Static projection NACE Standards Statis scoring NISO Standards BT: Statistical analysis NIST Standards System analysis and design SMPTE Standards RT: Model checking W3C Standards Software engineering

Standby generators Static compensator UF: Emergency power USE: STATCOM generators BT: Generators Static converters Rotating machines USE: Static power converters This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 496 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Pattern recognition Static induction transistors BT: Transistors Statistical testing USE: Statistical analysis Static power converters UF: Static converters Statistics BT: Converters BT: Mathematics RT: Econometrics Static projection Estimation theory USE: Static analysis Extrapolation Fourier transforms Static VAr compensators Information theory UF: SVC Interpolation BT: Power transmission Matrix decomposition RT: Reactive power Maximum likelihood NT: STATCOM detection Operations research Stationary state Probability UF: Ground state Scheduling BT: Quantum mechanics Weibull distribution NT: Adaptive estimation Statis scoring Autoregressive processes USE: Static analysis Boltzmann distribution Correlation Statistical analysis Correlation coefficient UF: Statistical testing Covariance matrices BT: Statistics Differential privacy RT: Measurement errors Dimensionality reduction Nearest neighbor methods Gamma distribution Probability Gaussian mixture model R language Higher order statistics Random processes Histograms Technology acceptance Linear discriminant analysis model Maximum likelihood Time series analysis estimation NT: Analysis of variance Minimax techniques Mode matching methods Mixture models Monte Carlo methods Nonparametric statistics Parameter estimation Parametric statistics Pareto analysis Prediction theory Predictive analytics Ranking (statistics) Principal component Root mean square analysis Sampling methods Regression analysis Statistical analysis Static analysis Time series analysis

Statistical distributions Stator bars BT: Probability BT: Stators NT: Distribution functions Gaussian distribution Stator cores Weibull distribution BT: Stators

Statistical learning Stator windings BT: Machine learning BT: Stators RT: Decision theory This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 497 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Stators NT: Stellar motion BT: Electric machines NT: Stator bars Stellar motion Stator cores BT: Stellar dynamics Stator windings RT: Orbits (stellar)

Steady state STEM USE: Steady-state UF: Science technology engineering mathematics Steady-state science technology UF: Steady state engineering and math BT: Dynamic equilibrium science, technology, RT: Transient analysis engineering, and math BT: Educational programs Steam engines RT: Curriculum development BT: Heat engines Educational courses RT: Boilers Engineering - general Water Mathematics Science - general Steel Technology BT: Metals RT: Pressure vessels Stem cell research NT: Martensite USE: Stem cells

Steel industry Stem cells BT: Industries UF: Stem cell research BT: Biological cells Steerable antennas RT: Cloning BT: Antennas Progenitor cells Beam steering Phased arrays Stereo image processing UF: Stereoscopic Steering systems BT: Stereo vision BT: Mechanical products Production systems Stereo vision RT: Automotive components UF: Three-dimensional vision Wheels BT: Imaging RT: Image matching Steganography Machine vision BT: Message authentication Robot vision systems RT: Cryptography NT: Stereo image processing

Steiner points Stereolithography USE: Steiner trees BT: Lithography RT: Laser applications Steiner trees Laser sintering UF: Steiner points Lasers Steiner vertices Layered manufacturing BT: Combinatorial mathematics Manufacturing Prototypes Steiner vertices USE: Steiner trees Stereophonic systems USE: Audio systems Stellar dynamics BT: Astrophysics Stereoscopic This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 498 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Stereo image processing Stock markets Sternum UF: Stock exchanges BT: Thorax BT: Economics

Stethoscope Stokes parameters BT: Biomedical equipment BT: Optical polarization

Stimulated emission Stomach UF: Optical amplification BT: Digestive system BT: Particle beam optics RT: Lasers Stomatognathic system Masers BT: Anatomy RT: Faces Stirling engines Lips BT: Heat engines Mouth Pharynx Stochastic distribution Tongue USE: Stochastic processes NT: Masticatory muscles Salivary glands Stochastic prediction USE: Stochastic processes Storage area networks UF: SAN Stochastic processes BT: Computer networks UF: Stochastic distribution RT: Data storage systems Stochastic prediction Local area networks Stochastic theory BT: Mathematics Storage automation RT: Computational UF: Automated storage and electromagnetics retrieval systems Diffusion processes BT: Automation Particle swarm optimization Material storage Probability RT: Warehousing Random number generation Storage batteries Random variables USE: Batteries Viterbi algorithm NT: Gaussian processes Storage battery Markov processes USE: Batteries

Stochastic resonance Storage management BT: Resonance BT: Capacity planning Management Stochastic systems RT: Memory management BT: Systems engineering and NT: Digital storage theory RT: Control systems Storage rings Probability BT: Particle accelerators Random variables RT: Ions Muon colliders Stochastic theory Particle beams USE: Stochastic processes Stored energy Stock exchanges USE: Energy storage USE: Stock markets This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 499 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Storm systems USE: Tropical cyclones Stray light BT: Light sources Storms Optics BT: Meteorology RT: Ray tracing RT: Lightning Monsoons Streaming media UF: Media streaming Strain Video streaming UF: Deformation BT: Communication system BT: Mechanical factors software RT: Elasticity RT: Data compression Elongation IEEE 802.11e Standard Strain control IPTV Strain measurement Internet NT: Tensile strain MPEG 4 Standard Uniaxial strain MPEG standards Multimedia Web sites Strain based sensors Multimedia communication USE: Capacitive sensors Unicast Video coding Strain control Video signal processing UF: Friction stir processing NT: Mobile video BT: Mechanical variables Over-the-top media control services RT: Strain Video on demand

Strain gauges Streetcars USE: Strain measurement USE: Light rail systems

Strain measurement Stress UF: Strain gauges UF: Mechanical stress BT: Mechanical variables BT: Mechanical factors measurement RT: Magnetomechanical effects RT: Micrometers Photoelasticity Strain Piezoelectricity Piezooptic effects Strain sensors Piezoresistance USE: Capacitive sensors Stress control Stress measurement Strategic planning NT: Compressive stress BT: Planning Internal stresses RT: Analytic hierarchy process Residual stresses Business intelligence Tensile stress Decision making Wind stress Information systems Stakeholders Stress (psychological) NT: Roadmaps (technology USE: Human factors planning) Stress control Stratified media BT: Mechanical variables USE: Nonhomogeneous media control RT: Stress Stratosphere Surface stress USE: Terrestrial atmosphere This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 500 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Stress measurement RT: Architecture BT: Mechanical variables Bridges measurement Building information RT: Stress management Construction String theory Flexible structures BT: Physics Floods RT: Quantum mechanics Intelligent structures Mechanical factors String vacuum NT: Offshore installations USE: Elementary particle vacuum Structural panels Stripboard circuit UF: Railway bridges UF: Veroboard Road bridges BT: Electronic circuits Suspension bridges BT: Structural shapes Stripline RT: Honeycomb structures BT: Planar transmission lines Sandwich structures Transmission lines Sheet materials NT: Stripline components Structural plates Thin wall structures Stripline components BT: Stripline Structural parameter RT: Power combiners USE: Structural engineering Power dividers Structural plates Strips BT: Electronic components BT: Structural shapes Structural shapes RT: Flanges Stroke (medical condition) Structural panels BT: Medical conditions Wheels

Strontium Structural rings UF: Sr UF: O-rings BT: Metals BT: Structural shapes NT: Strontium compounds RT: Engine cylinders Mechanical products Strontium compounds Pistons BT: Strontium Seals RT: Alloying Structural rods Structural beams BT: Structural shapes UF: Cantilever beams Girders Structural shapes BT: Structural shapes BT: Mechanical products RT: Building materials NT: Bars Bridges Structural discs Ducts UF: Disks (structures) Flexible structures BT: Structural shapes Honeycomb structures Lightweight structures Structural engineering Rails UF: Structural parameter Sandwich structures Structural stability Sheet materials BT: Civil engineering Slabs This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 501 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Strips USE: Underwater cables Structural beams Structural discs Submarine technology Structural panels USE: Underwater technology Structural plates Structural rings Submarines Structural rods USE: Underwater vehicles Structural shells Thin wall structures Submersibles Wires USE: Underwater vehicles

Structural shells Submillimeter wave circuits BT: Structural shapes BT: Circuits RT: Thin wall structures Submillimeter wave technology Structural stability RT: Analog circuits USE: Structural engineering Submillimeter wave devices Submillimeter wave filters Structure from motion NT: Submillimeter wave BT: Image processing integrated circuits RT: Motion control Signal processing Submillimeter wave communication Three-dimensional displays BT: Communication systems Two dimensional displays Submillimeter wave technology Structured Query Language UF: SQL Submillimeter wave devices BT: Database languages UF: Submillimeter wave RT: Programming systems Relational databases BT: Submillimeter wave technology Student engineers RT: Submillimeter wave circuits USE: Engineering students Submillimeter wave integrated circuits Student experiments NT: Submillimeter wave filters BT: Engineering education RT: Laboratories Submillimeter wave filters UF: Sub-mm wave filters Style sheet languages Submillimetre wave filters BT: Computer languages BT: Submillimeter wave devices NT: Cascading style sheets RT: Submillimeter wave circuits

Sub-mm wave filters Submillimeter wave integrated circuits USE: Submillimeter wave filters BT: Integrated circuits Submillimeter wave circuits Sub-sea cables Submillimeter wave USE: Underwater cables technology RT: Analog integrated circuits Subcontracting Submillimeter wave devices BT: Contracts Submillimeter wave measurements Subject predicate object BT: Electromagnetic USE: Triples (Data structure) measurements RT: Hyperspectral sensors Submarine cables This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 502 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Submillimeter wave BT: Power systems technology NT: Substation automation Substation protection Submillimeter wave propagation BT: Electromagnetic Substrate hot electron injection propagation UF: Substrate hot-electron injection Submillimeter wave systems BT: Hot carrier injection USE: Submillimeter wave devices Substrate hot-electron injection Submillimeter wave technology USE: Substrate hot electron BT: Microwave theory and injection techniques RT: Submillimeter wave Substrate integrated waveguides measurements UF: Post-wall waveguides NT: Submillimeter wave circuits BT: Waveguide lasers Submillimeter wave communication Substrates Submillimeter wave devices BT: Semiconductor materials Submillimeter wave RT: Epitaxial growth integrated circuits Microprocessor chips Printed circuits Submillimetre wave filters Silicon germanium USE: Submillimeter wave filters Silicon on sapphire

Subroutines Subthreshold conduction USE: Algorithms USE: Subthreshold current

Subscriber loops Subthreshold current BT: Communication systems UF: Subthreshold conduction Multiaccess communication Subthreshold drain current Subthreshold leakage Subscriber sets BT: Threshold voltage USE: Telephone sets Subthreshold drain current Subsea cables USE: Subthreshold current USE: Underwater cables Subthreshold leakage Subspace constraints USE: Subthreshold current BT: Object segmentation Subtraction techniques Substation automation BT: Image analysis BT: Substations RT: Biomedical image RT: Automation processing SCADA systems Substation protection Subways USE: Public transportation Substation protection BT: Power system protection Sucrose Substations USE: Sugar RT: Substation automation Sufficient conditions Substations BT: Logic UF: Power stations (substations) Sugar This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 503 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Sucrose BT: Agricultural products Sun Food products BT: Solar system RT: Sugar industry NT: Solar eclipses Sugar refining NT: Glucose Sun sensors USE: Sensors Sugar industry BT: Industries Super earths RT: Food industry USE: Extrasolar planets Food products Sugar Super hi-vision NT: Sugar refining USE: UHDTV

Sugar refining Super-resolution BT: Sugar industry USE: Superresolution RT: Food industry Food products Supercapacitors Food technology UF: Electrical double layer Purification capacitors Refining Ultracapacitors Sugar BT: Electrochemical devices Energy storage Sulfur Power capacitors UF: Sulphur RT: Capacitance BT: Chemical elements Capacitance measurement NT: Sulfur compounds Electrolytes

Sulfur compounds Supercomputers UF: Sulphur compounds BT: Computers BT: Sulfur RT: Petascale computing NT: Exascale computing Sulfur hexafluoride UF: SF6 Superconducting cables BT: Gas insulation BT: Superconducting transmission lines Sulphur RT: Superconducting coils USE: Sulfur Superconducting magnets

Sulphur compounds Superconducting coils USE: Sulfur compounds BT: Coils Superconducting devices Sum product algorithm RT: Superconducting cables UF: Sum-product algorithm Superconducting magnets BT: Iterative algorithms Superconducting device noise Sum product message passing BT: Noise USE: Belief propagation RT: Superconducting devices

Sum-product algorithm Superconducting devices USE: Sum product algorithm UF: Josephson devices SIS devices Summing circuits (superconductor) BT: Circuits SNS devices RT: Analog computers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 504 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Superconductor-insulator- superconductor devices Superconducting junction devices Superconductor-normal- USE: Josephson junctions superconductor devices BT: Superconductivity Superconducting logic circuits RT: Cryogenic electronics BT: Logic circuits High-temperature superconductors Superconducting magnet energy storage Superconducting device USE: Superconducting magnetic noise energy storage Superconducting films Thermal factors Superconducting magnetic energy storage NT: Josephson junctions UF: SMES SQUIDs Superconducting magnet Superconducting coils energy storage Superconducting magnets BT: Energy storage Superconducting Superconductivity microwave devices Superconducting Superconducting magnets photodetectors BT: Electromagnets Superconducting devices Superconducting epitaxial layers RT: Magnetic levitation vehicles BT: Epitaxial layers Persistent currents RT: Superconducting materials Superconducting cables Superconducting coils Superconducting filaments USE: Superconducting materials Superconducting materials UF: Pnictide superconductors Superconducting filaments and wires Superconducting filaments BT: Superconductivity Superconducting wires BT: Materials Superconducting films Superconductivity UF: Superconducting tapes RT: Critical current density BT: Superconductivity Cryogenic electronics RT: High-temperature Superconducting epitaxial superconductors layers Superconducting devices Thermal factors Surface impedance NT: Granular superconductors Surface resistance High-temperature Thick films superconductors Thin films Multifilamentary NT: Superconducting thin films superconductors Niobium-tin Superconducting filters Type II superconductors BT: Filters RT: Radiofrequency Superconducting microwave devices interference BT: Superconducting devices RT: Microwave devices Superconducting infrared detectors USE: Superconducting Superconducting photodetectors photodetectors UF: Superconducting infrared detectors Superconducting integrated circuits Superconducting ultraviolet BT: Integrated circuits detectors Superconductivity BT: Photodetectors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 505 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Superconducting devices RT: Infrared detectors Superconductor-insulator-superconductor devices Superconducting quantum interference devices USE: Superconducting devices USE: SQUIDs Superconductor-normal-superconductor devices Superconducting tapes USE: Superconducting devices USE: Superconducting films Superconductors (high temperature) Superconducting thin films USE: High-temperature BT: Superconducting films superconductors RT: Thin films Supercontinuum generation Superconducting transition temperature BT: Nonlinear optics BT: Superconductivity RT: Laser beams RT: High-temperature Light sources superconductors Optical fibers

Superconducting transmission lines Superlattices BT: Transmission lines BT: Crystalline materials RT: Power transmission lines NT: Magnetic superlattices NT: Superconducting cables Metallic superlattices Optical superlattices Superconducting ultraviolet detectors Semiconductor USE: Superconducting superlattices photodetectors Superluminescent diodes Superconducting wires UF: SLD USE: Superconducting materials BT: Light emitting diodes Light sources Superconductive tunneling Optoelectronic devices UF: Superconductive tunnelling Semiconductor devices BT: Superconductivity Semiconductor diodes Tunneling RT: Lasers

Superconductive tunnelling Superposition calculus USE: Superconductive tunneling BT: Mathematics

Superconductivity Superradiance NT: Bean model USE: Spontaneous emission Critical current density (superconductivity) Superresolution Flux pinning UF: Super-resolution Superconducting devices BT: Image resolution Superconducting filaments and wires Superstring vacuum Superconducting films USE: Elementary particle vacuum Superconducting integrated circuits Supervised learning Superconducting magnetic BT: Learning systems energy storage RT: Naive Bayes methods Superconducting materials Semisupervised learning Superconducting transition NT: Boosting temperature Superconductive tunneling Supervisory control This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 506 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Control systems Feedforward neural NT: SCADA systems networks Naive Bayes methods Supervisory control and data acquisition Pattern classification systems Relevance vector machines USE: SCADA systems NT: Support vector machine classification Supervisory control and data-acquisition systems Support vector regression USE: SCADA systems USE: Support vector machines

Supervisory programs Surface acoustic wave devices USE: Operating systems BT: Acoustic devices RT: Acoustoelectric devices Supply and demand Piezoelectric devices BT: Economics RT: Microeconomics Surface acoustic waves Utility theory UF: Acoustic surface waves BT: Acoustic waves Supply chain management Surface waves UF: SCM supply chains Waves BT: Management RT: Business process Surface charging integration BT: Electrostatic processes Business process RT: Spraying management NT: Triboelectricity Capacity planning Customer relationship Surface cleaning management BT: Cleaning Electronic commerce Surface treatment Management information RT: Semiconductor device systems manufacture Materials requirements Surface contamination planning Production control Surface contamination Supply chains BT: Contamination NT: Procurement RT: Semiconductor device manufacture Supply chains Surface cleaning BT: Logistics Surface treatment RT: Materials requirements planning Surface cracks Procurement BT: Mechanical factors Supply chain management NT: Distribution networks Surface discharges BT: Dielectric breakdown Support vector machine classification RT: Insulator testing BT: Support vector machines Surface emitting lasers Support vector machines BT: Lasers UF: SVM Semiconductor devices Support vector regression Semiconductor lasers BT: Computation theory Solid lasers RT: Artificial intelligence RT: Laser cavity resonators Quantum well lasers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 507 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Quantum wells Superconducting films NT: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers Surface roughness BT: Surfaces Surface engineering RT: Planing BT: Materials science and Polishing machines technology Rough surfaces RT: Surface treatment Sandblasting Surface morphology Surface finishing BT: Finishing Surface soil RT: Lapping BT: Surfaces Polishing machines NT: Burnishing Surface states Deburring BT: Energy states Painting Surface structures Spraying NT: Surfactants

Surface fitting Surface stress BT: Numerical analysis BT: Mechanical factors RT: Computational geometry Surfaces Computer graphics RT: Internal stresses Curve fitting Stress control Interpolation NT: Response surface Surface structures methodology BT: Surfaces NT: Surface states Surface impedance BT: Surfaces Surface tension RT: High-temperature BT: Surfaces superconductors RT: Surfactants Superconducting films Surface texture Surface morphology BT: Surfaces BT: Surfaces RT: Surface roughness Surface topography NT: Adsorption BT: Geometry Surfaces Surface plasmon polaritons NT: Nanotopography BT: Polaritons Surface plasmons Surface treatment BT: Surfaces Surface plasmons RT: Colloidal lithography BT: Plasmons Planing NT: Surface plasmon polaritons Surface contamination Surface engineering Surface reconstruction NT: Electrochemical deposition BT: Visualization Etching RT: Pattern analysis Finishing Galvanizing Surface resistance Painting BT: Resistance Passivation Surfaces Pickling RT: High-temperature Planarization superconductors Sandblasting This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 508 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Surface cleaning Oncological surgery Surfactants Orthopedic surgery

Surface waves Surgery oncology BT: Geophysics USE: Oncological surgery RT: Sea surface NT: Surface acoustic waves Surges BT: Electromagnetic transients Surface-mount technology RT: Surge protection BT: Integrated circuit manufacture Surgical instruments BT: Biomedical equipment Surfaces NT: Laparoscopes BT: Materials science and technology Surgical robots NT: Corrosion USE: Medical robotics Corrugated surfaces Metasurfaces Surveillance Rough surfaces BT: Monitoring Surface impedance RT: Conformance testing Surface morphology Hazardous areas Surface resistance Motion detection Surface roughness Reconnaissance Surface soil Remote sensing Surface stress Security Surface structures Terrorism Surface tension NT: Infrared surveillance Surface texture Video surveillance Surface topography Surface treatment Suspension bridges USE: Structural panels Surfactants BT: Materials Suspensions (mechanical systems) Surface states BT: Mechanical systems Surface treatment RT: Automotive components RT: Adsorption Springs Surface tension NT: Shock absorbers

Surge protection Sustainability BT: Power system protection USE: Sustainable development RT: Surges NT: Arresters Sustainable design USE: Green design Surgery UF: Robot-assisted surgery Sustainable development BT: Medical treatment UF: Sustainability RT: Biomedical equipment BT: Environmental Catheters management Endoscopes Social implications of NT: Ambulatory surgery technology Hepatectomy RT: Green computing Laser surgery Microsurgery SVC Minimally invasive surgery USE: Static VAr compensators Neurosurgery This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 509 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

SVM Switched mode power supplies USE: Support vector machines UF: SMPS Switched mode power SVPWM BT: Power supplies USE: Space vector pulse width modulation Switched reluctance motors BT: Reluctance motors Swaging RT: Brushless motors BT: Materials processing RT: Metal products Switched systems BT: Time-varying systems Swarm intelligence RT: Control systems USE: Particle swarm optimization Power conversion

Swarm optimization Switched-capacitor circuit USE: Particle swarm optimization USE: Switched capacitor circuits

Swarm robotics Switched-capacitor networks UF: Swarm robots USE: Switched capacitor BT: Multi-robot systems networks RT: Consensus control Switches Swarm robots BT: Control equipment USE: Swarm robotics Electronic components RT: Current control Sweat glands IEEE 802.3 Standard BT: Glands Solenoids Skin Spark gaps Switchgear Swimming Switching circuits USE: Sports NT: Contactors Microswitches Swimming robots Optical switches USE: Aquatic robots Switchgear Switched capacitor circuits BT: Control equipment UF: Switched-capacitor circuit RT: Current control BT: Switched circuits Fuses Switches Switched capacitor networks NT: Circuit breakers UF: Switched-capacitor Interrupters networks Relays BT: Resistors RT: Analog circuits Switching circuits Capacitors BT: Circuits RT: Circuit breakers Switched circuits Digital circuits BT: Circuits Relays RT: Telecommunications Switches NT: Switched capacitor circuits NT: Choppers (circuits) Logic circuits Switched mode power Switching converters USE: Switched mode power Zero current switching supplies Zero voltage switching

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Switching converters USE: Sympathetic nervous BT: Switching circuits system RT: Power electronics Zero current switching Symposia Zero voltage switching USE: Conferences

Switching convertors Synapses USE: Converters BT: Nervous system RT: Artificial intelligence Switching frequency Artificial neural networks BT: Switching systems Brain Communication channels Switching loss Computational intelligence UF: Switching losses Electrochemical devices BT: Switching systems Integrated optics Neuroinformatics Switching losses Neuromorphic engineering USE: Switching loss Neurons Neurotransmitters Switching systems Organic electronics BT: Communication systems Photonics RT: Communication switching Signal processing NT: Electronic switching systems Synaptic transmission Switching frequency USE: Neurotransmitters Switching loss Telecommunication Sync switching USE: Synchronization

Symbiosis Synchrocyclotrons UF: Symbiotic relationships BT: Particle accelerators BT: Biological processes Synchronisation Symbiotic relationships USE: Synchronization USE: Symbiosis Synchronization Symbols UF: Clock synchronization BT: Graphics Sync RT: Huffman coding Synchronisation Information retrieval BT: Timing Pattern recognition RT: Chaotic communication NT: CAPTCHAs Concurrency control Frequency locked loops Symmetric matrices Scheduling UF: Symmetric matrix Synchronous digital BT: Numerical analysis hierarchy Time dissemination Symmetric matrix Tracking loops USE: Symmetric matrices Synchronous digital hierarchy Sympathetic nervous system UF: SDH UF: Sympathetic outflow BT: Communication standards BT: Autonomic nervous system Communication systems ETSI Standards Sympathetic outflow RT: Digital communication This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 511 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Optical fiber communication UF: Synthesis gas SONET Synthetic gas Synchronization BT: Gases Transport protocols Syntactics Synchronous DRAM UF: Syntax USE: SDRAM BT: Semiotics RT: Communication symbols Synchronous dynamic random access memory Grammar USE: SDRAM Natural language processing Synchronous generators Professional BT: AC generators communication Synchronous machines Programming RT: Alternators NT: Reluctance generators Syntax USE: Syntactics Synchronous machines BT: AC machines Synthesis gas NT: Hysteresis motors USE: Syngas Reluctance machines Synchronous generators Synthesisers Synchronous motors USE: Synthesizers

Synchronous motors Synthesizers BT: Synchronous machines UF: Synthesisers RT: Rotating machines BT: Electronic music NT: Hysteresis motors Reluctance motors Synthetic aperture radar UF: SAR Synchronous optical network BT: Radar USE: SONET RT: Airborne radar Ground penetrating radar Synchrophasors Radar imaging USE: Phasor measurement units Spaceborne radar Synthetic aperture sonar Synchrotron radiation Ultra wideband radar BT: Synchrotrons NT: Inverse synthetic aperture RT: Biomedical applications of radar radiation Polarimetric synthetic Light sources aperture radar X-rays Synthetic aperture radar imaging Synchrotrons USE: Radar polarimetry BT: Particle accelerators RT: Colliding beam accelerators Synthetic aperture radar interferometry Electric fields BT: Radar interferometry High energy physics instrumentation computing Synthetic aperture sonar Magnetic fields UF: SAS Particle beams BT: Sonar NT: Synchrotron radiation RT: Synthetic aperture radar Undulators Synthetic biology Syngas UF: Synthetic life research This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 512 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Biology Fault tolerant systems Engineering in medicine Interconnected systems and biology Large-scale systems RT: Biological system modeling Lyapunov methods Computational biology Open systems Petri nets Synthetic fibers Physical design UF: Artificial fibers Robust control Artificial fibres Scalability Nylon fiber Scattering parameters Synthetic fibres Sequential analysis BT: Textile fibers Sequential diagnosis Software prototyping Synthetic fibres Static analysis USE: Synthetic fibers System dynamics System performance Synthetic gas System-level design USE: Syngas Systems Modeling Language Synthetic life research Systems modeling USE: Synthetic biology Task analysis Time factors Synthetic speech USE: Speech synthesis System availability USE: Availability SYSML USE: Systems Modeling System buses Language BT: Computer interfaces

System analysis System design USE: System analysis and design USE: System analysis and design

System analysis and design System dynamics UF: Logical decomposition BT: System analysis and design System analysis RT: Behavioral sciences System design Complex networks System metrics Feedback BT: Systems engineering and Flow production systems theory Timing RT: Configuration management Design methodology System identification Flowcharts BT: Modeling Multi-agent systems Skin effect System implementation Stability analysis BT: Systems engineering and System improvement theory System validation System verification System improvement Systems simulation BT: Systems engineering and NT: Asymptotic stability theory Control system analysis RT: Quality management Diakoptics Reliability Distributed processing System analysis and design Distributed vision networks System testing Fault detection This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 513 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

System integration BT: Systems engineering and System recovery theory UF: Deadlocks (computers) RT: Enterprise resource Error recovery (computers) planning BT: Computers and information Integrated manufacturing processing systems RT: Business continuity Project management Operating systems Resource management Reliability NT: Checkpointing System kernels Core dumps BT: Kernel Debugging Operating systems System reliability System level design USE: Reliability USE: System-level design System resilience System life cycle management USE: Fault tolerance USE: Technical management System software System lifecycle management BT: Software USE: Product lifecycle RT: Visual BASIC management NT: File systems Operating systems System metrics Program processors USE: System analysis and design Utility programs

System modeling System testing USE: Modeling BT: System validation System verification System of systems Testing BT: Systems engineering and RT: System improvement theory NT: Model checking RT: Complex networks Emergent phenomena System validation Networked control systems BT: Systems engineering and NT: Cyber-physical systems theory RT: System analysis and design System on chip NT: System testing USE: System-on-chip System verification System performance BT: Systems engineering and UF: Cooperative cache theory BT: System analysis and design RT: System analysis and design NT: Cooperative caching NT: System testing

System planning System-level design USE: Planning UF: System level design BT: System analysis and design System privacy management USE: Data security System-on-a-chip USE: System-on-chip System realization BT: Systems engineering and System-on-chip theory UF: On-chip This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 514 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

SOC Solution design System on chip Stochastic systems System-on-a-chip System analysis and design BT: Application specific System implementation integrated circuits System improvement RT: AI accelerators System integration Microcontrollers System of systems Microprocessors System realization Mixed analog-digital System validation integrated circuits System verification Power dissipation Systems architecture Signal processing Systems engineering NT: Lab-on-a-chip education Network-on-chip Systems operation Systems simulation Systematics Systems support UF: Biological systematics Systems thinking BT: Biology Task analysis Technical management Systems architecture BT: Systems engineering and Systems engineering education theory BT: Engineering education NT: Deep architecture Systems engineering and theory Systems biology BT: Biology Systems modeling BT: Modeling Systems engineering System analysis and design USE: Systems engineering and theory Systems Modeling Language UF: SYSML Systems engineering and theory BT: Computer languages UF: Systems engineering System analysis and design RT: Aerospace and electronic RT: Modeling systems Software engineering Business process integration Systems neuroscience Business process BT: Neuroscience management RT: Neural networks NT: Adaptive systems Capability engineering Systems operation Complex systems BT: Systems engineering and Configuration management theory Hierarchical systems Integrated design Systems simulation Interface management BT: Simulation Modeling Systems engineering and Multidimensional systems theory Network systems RT: System analysis and design Physical design Technical management Reduced order systems Requirements engineering Systems support Requirements management BT: Maintenance engineering Service-oriented systems Systems engineering and engineering theory This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 515 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Information exchange Systems thinking Machine-to-machine BT: Systems engineering and communications theory Man-machine systems RT: Systems, man, and Smart devices cybernetics Tactile sensors

Systems, man, and cybernetics Tactile sensors RT: Systems thinking UF: Tactile feedback NT: Behavioral sciences Touch sensors Biological control systems BT: Robot sensing systems Computational linguistics RT: Pressure measurement Cybernetics Tactile Internet Ergonomics Touch sensitive screens Human factors Identification of persons clouds Man-machine systems UF: Word cloud Natural languages BT: Tagging Pervasive computing Posthuman Tagging Teleworking UF: Hashtag Transhuman BT: Information retrieval User interfaces RT: Indexing Internet of Things Systolic arrays NT: Tag clouds BT: Multiprocessing systems RT: Pipeline processing TAI USE: International Atomic Time Table lookup UF: LUT Tail Look-up table BT: Animal structures Lookup table BT: Data structures Takagi-Sugeno model Image processing BT: Fuzzy logic RT: Fuzzy control Tablet computers Fuzzy systems UF: Tablet PC NT: Takagi-Sugeno-Kang BT: Computers model RT: Mobile handsets Portable media players Takagi-Sugeno-Kang model BT: Takagi-Sugeno model Tablet PC USE: Tablet computers Talbot effect BT: Optical imaging Tachometers RT: Interferometry BT: Meters Optical interferometry

Tactile feedback TAM USE: Tactile sensors USE: Technology acceptance model Tactile Internet BT: Haptic interfaces Tantalum Internet of Things BT: Chemical elements RT: 5G mobile communication Human-robot interaction Tap changers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 516 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Transformers TCP/IP protocol suite NT: On load tap changers USE: TCPIP

Tape casting TCPIP BT: Casting UF: TCP/IP RT: Ceramics TCP/IP protocol suite Transmission control Target detection protocol-internet protocol USE: Object detection Transmission control protocol/internet protocol Target recognition BT: IP networks BT: Object recognition RT: Computer networks RT: Missile guidance Data communication Digital communication Target tracking Internet BT: Tracking Protocols RT: Control systems Transport protocols Radar tracking TDM Targeted drug delivery USE: Time division multiplexing BT: Drug delivery TDSCDMA Tariffs USE: Time division synchronous BT: Regulation code division multiple access RT: Trade agreements Teaching Task analysis USE: Education BT: Business process management Teaching machines System analysis and design USE: Computer aided instruction Systems engineering and theory Team working BT: Organizational aspects Taste buds BT: Sense organs Teamwork BT: Collaboration Taxes USE: Finance Technetium BT: Chemical elements Taxi USE: Public transportation Technical assessment USE: Technical management Taxonomy BT: Information retrieval Technical communication USE: Professional Taylor expansion communication USE: Taylor series Technical data management Taylor series USE: Database systems AND UF: Taylor expansion Technical management BT: Mathematics Technical drawing TCP/IP BT: Design methodology USE: TCPIP RT: Engineering drawings Graphics This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 517 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Technological innovation Technical management UF: Innovation UF: System life cycle Invention management BT: Technology Technical assessment RT: Disruptive innovation Technical data Disruptive technologies management Technology social factors Technical risk management BT: Management Technology Systems engineering and BT: Social implications of theory technology RT: Program management RT: Engineering - general Systems simulation Oil drilling NT: Maintenance management Philosophical Technical planning considerations Research and development Technical manuals STEM USE: Manuals Technology forecasting Technology planning Technical meetings NT: Appropriate technology USE: Meetings Disruptive technologies Machine ethics Technical planning Neurotechnology BT: Planning Technological innovation Technical management Technology social factors Technology transfer Technical proposals Telepresence USE: Proposals Telexistence

Technical reports Technology acceptance model USE: Writing UF: TAM BT: Human factors Technical requirements Information theory BT: Requirements engineering RT: Computer aided instruction RT: Proposals Consumer behavior Information systems Technical risk management Social implications of USE: Technical management technology Statistical analysis Technical textiles Technology transfer USE: Textile products User centered design User experience Technical writing USE: Writing Technology forecasting UF: Futurism Technician training Technological forecasting USE: Training BT: Forecasting RT: Technology Technique for order of preference by simularity Technology social factors to ideal solution NT: Roadmaps (technology USE: TOPSIS planning)

Technological forecasting Technology management USE: Technology forecasting BT: Management RT: Data processing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 518 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Innovation management USE: Telecommunication control Production management Project management Telecom network management Research and development USE: Telecommunication management network management Technology transfer Telecom network reliability Technology planning USE: Telecommunication BT: Planning network reliability RT: Social factors Technology Telecom network topology USE: Telecommunication Technology social factors network topology BT: Social factors Technology Telecom services RT: Philosophical USE: Telecommunication considerations services Risk analysis Technological innovation Telecom signaling Technology forecasting USE: Communication system NT: Privacy signaling

Technology transfer Telecom switching BT: Technology USE: Telecommunication RT: Technology acceptance switching model Technology management Telecom system signaling NT: Small business technology USE: Communication system transfer signaling

Teeth Telecom traffic UF: Tooth USE: Telecommunication traffic BT: Mouth Telecommunication buffers TEGFETs UF: Telecom buffers USE: MODFETs BT: Data communication RT: Buffer storage Telecom USE: Telecommunications Telecommunication channels USE: Communication channels Telecom buffers USE: Telecommunication buffers Telecommunication computing UF: Communications computing Telecom channels Telecom computing USE: Communication channels BT: Computer applications Telecommunications Telecom computing RT: 3G mobile communication USE: Telecommunication 4G mobile communication computing Information-centric networking Telecom congestion control Mobile computing USE: Telecommunication Quality of service congestion control Software radio TV Telecom control Telecommunication control This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 519 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Telecommunication Telecommunication network management network management Telegraphy Telecommunication Telephony network reliability NT: Internetworking Telecommunication traffic Soft switching Telecommunication power management Telecommunication congestion control USE: Power system management UF: Telecom congestion control BT: Telecommunication Telecommunication security network topology USE: Communication system NT: Call admission control security

Telecommunication control Telecommunication services UF: Telecom control UF: Telecom services BT: Communication system BT: Telecommunications control RT: Radio access networks RT: Telecommunication NT: Acoustic communication computing (telecommunication) Number portability Telecommunication network management UF: Telecom network Telecommunication signalling management USE: Communication system BT: Telecommunication signaling network topology RT: Management information Telecommunication standards base USE: Communication standards Telecommunication computing Telecommunication switching NT: Mobile nodes UF: Telecom switching Network architecture BT: Switching systems Network neutrality Network resource Telecommunication traffic management UF: Network traffic Telecom traffic Telecommunication network reliability Traffic load UF: Communication network BT: Telecommunication reliability network topology Telecom network reliability RT: Communication system BT: Reliability traffic Telecommunication network topology Telecommunications NT: Diversity schemes UF: Telecom BT: Communication systems Telecommunication network topology RT: Convolutional codes UF: Telecom network topology Diversity reception BT: Telecommunications Film bulk acoustic RT: Dynamic spectrum access resonators Network topology Global Positioning System NT: Intelligent networks Helical antennas Link aggregation Multiaccess communication Passive networks Multicarrier code division Telecommunication multiple access congestion control Multicast communication Next generation networking This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 520 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Optical wavelength Data communication conversion RT: Deep-space Reflectivity communications Switched circuits Measurement Telecontrol equipment NT: Biomedical telemetry NT: Ambient intelligence Feedback communications Teleoperators IP networks BT: Telerobotics Radio access networks Railway communication Telephone equipment Space communications BT: Communication equipment Telecommunication RT: Land mobile radio computing equipment Telecommunication Radio communication network topology equipment Telecommunication Telephony services NT: Cellular phones Telematics Landline Telephone sets Telecommuting Vocoders USE: Teleworking Telephone poles Teleconferencing BT: Poles and towers UF: Videoconferencing BT: Communication systems Telephone sets RT: Image communication UF: Handsets Meetings Subscriber sets Office automation BT: Telephone equipment RT: Telephony Telecontrol equipment NT: Mobile handsets BT: Control equipment RT: Communication systems Telephony Data communication BT: Communication systems Power industry RT: Telecommunication Power systems computing Remote handling Telephone equipment Telecommunications Telephone sets Videophone systems Telegraphy BT: Communication systems Teleportation RT: Telecommunication UF: Quantum teleportation computing BT: Quantum mechanics RT: Information theory Telematics Quantum communication BT: Information technology Quantum entanglement Telecommunications RT: Cyberspace Telepresence BT: Human computer Telemedicine interaction BT: Biomedical communication Technology RT: Telepresence RT: Telemedicine

Telemetry Teleprinting BT: Aerospace and electronic UF: Teletype systems BT: Communication systems This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 521 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Data communication RT: Anechoic chambers Printing Electromagnetic RT: Digital communication compatibility and interference Electromagnetic Telerobotics interference BT: Robots Electronic equipment RT: Delay systems testing Human factors Manipulators Temperature Mobile robots BT: Thermal factors Remote handling RT: Temperature control equipment Temperature measurement NT: Teleoperators NT: Temperature distribution

Telescopes Temperature control BT: Instruments BT: Thermal variables control RT: Astronomy RT: Space heating Observatories Temperature Radio astronomy Thermal factors Ventilation Teletext NT: Cooling BT: Communication systems Heating systems Information services RT: Data communication Temperature dependence Videotex BT: Thermal factors

Teletype Temperature distribution USE: Teleprinting BT: Temperature RT: Insulators Television USE: TV Temperature measurement BT: Thermal variables Teleworking measurement UF: Mobile office RT: Bolometers Telecommuting Radiometry Virtual office Temperature BT: Systems, man, and Temperature sensors cybernetics Thermistors Thermoresistivity Telexistence NT: Cryobiology BT: Human computer Cryogenics interaction Cryotherapy Real-time systems Global warming Technology Kelvin Thomson effect Tellurium BT: Chemical elements Temperature sensors BT: Thermal sensors TEM cells RT: Bragg gratings UF: GHZ transverse Optical fibers electromagnetic cells Temperature measurement GTEM cells Transducers Transverse electromagnetic NT: Thermometers cells BT: Test facilities Temporal lobe This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 522 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Brain USE: Multivalued logic NT: Hippocampus Terrain factors Tendons BT: Interference BT: Musculoskeletal system RT: Earth Multipath channels Tennis Rough surfaces USE: Sports Terrain mapping Tensile strain UF: Topography (earth) BT: Strain BT: Geoscience and remote RT: Tensile stress sensing RT: Earth Tensile stress Geologic measurements BT: Stress Geophysical measurements RT: Tensile strain Global Positioning System Remote sensing Tensors Vegetation mapping BT: Mathematics NT: Digital elevation models

Terahertz materials Terrestrial atmosphere BT: Materials UF: Earth atmosphere NT: Terahertz metamaterials Stratosphere Troposphere Terahertz metamaterials BT: Geoscience and remote BT: Electromagnetic sensing metamaterials RT: Atmospheric Terahertz materials measurements RT: Split ring resonators Geophysics Meteorology Terahertz radiation NT: Clouds BT: Electromagnetic radiation Global warming Radiation effects Ionosphere Magnetosphere Terahertz wave imaging BT: Imaging Terrorism UF: 9/11 Terbium 9/11 attack BT: Chemical elements 911 attack September 11 Termination of employment Terrorist UF: Dismissal (employment) BT: Security Redundancy (employment) RT: Biohazards BT: Employment Surveillance Human resource Threat assessment management US Department of RT: Pensions Homeland Security Weapons Terminology NT: Bioterrorism UF: Definitions Cyber terrorism Glossaries National security BT: Information retrieval NT: Dictionaries Terrorist USE: Terrorism Ternary logic This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 523 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Test data compression Remaining life assessment BT: Data compression Ring generators Semiconductor device Test equipment testing BT: Testing Software testing RT: Oscilloscopes System testing NT: Automatic test equipment Test equipment Test facilities Test facilities BT: Testing Text analysis NT: Anechoic chambers BT: Data mining Laboratories RT: Annotations Large Hadron Collider Naive Bayes methods Open area test sites NT: Text categorization TEM cells Wind tunnels Text categorization UF: Text classification Test generation BT: Text analysis USE: Test pattern generators RT: Data analysis

Test pattern generators Text classification UF: Test generation USE: Text categorization BT: Automatic test pattern generation Text messaging USE: Electronic messaging Testing BT: Industrial electronics Text mining Instrumentation and BT: Data mining measurement RT: Triples (Data structure) RT: Cause effect analysis Fault diagnosis Text processing Hardware-in-the-loop UF: Photocomposition simulation Word processing Inspection BT: Data processing Leak detection RT: Desktop publishing Maintenance engineering Document handling Measurement Office automation NT: Aerospace testing Publishing Automatic testing Text recognition Benchmark testing NT: Typesetting Built-in self-test Circuit testing Text recognition Conformance testing BT: Pattern recognition Electronic equipment RT: Character recognition testing Text processing Error analysis Error-free operations Textile fibers Failure analysis UF: Fibers Frequency response Textile fibres Impulse testing BT: Textiles Insulator testing RT: Cotton Integrated circuit testing Spinning Life testing Textile products Materials testing Textile technology Optical fiber testing Weaving This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 524 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Wool Fabrics NT: Natural fibers Textile fibers Synthetic fibers Wool Yarn TFETs Textile fibres UF: Tunnel field effect USE: Textile fibers transistors BT: Field effect transistors Textile industry RT: MOSFET BT: Manufacturing industries RT: Clothing industry TFT Cotton USE: Thin film transistors Spinning machines Textile machinery Thalamus Textile products BT: Brain Textile technology Weaving Thallium BT: Chemical elements Textile machinery BT: Machinery Theodolites RT: Needles BT: Instruments Textile industry RT: Geodesy Textile products Geologic measurements Textile technology Geophysical measurement Textiles techniques NT: Spinning machines Theoretical neuroscience Textile products USE: Computational UF: Technical textiles neuroscience BT: Manufactured products RT: Textile fibers Therapy Textile industry USE: Medical treatment Textile machinery Textile technology Thermal analysis Textiles BT: Thermal variables control NT: Thermomechanical Textile technology processes BT: Industries RT: Bleaching Thermal conductivity Textile fibers BT: Thermal factors Textile industry RT: Grain boundaries Textile machinery Thermal resistance Textile products NT: Heat transfer Textiles NT: Spinning Thermal decomposition Weaving BT: Thermolysis

Textiles Thermal degradation BT: Materials BT: Thermolysis RT: Spinning machines Textile machinery Thermal energy Textile products BT: Heating systems Textile technology RT: Energy Weaving Kinetic energy NT: Cotton Thermal engineering This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 525 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Thermal loading Thermal engineering BT: Thermal stresses BT: Engineering - general RT: Cooling Thermal management Heat recovery BT: Thermal factors Heating systems RT: Enthalpy Thermal energy Reliability Thermal factors Thermal variables control Thermal management of electronics Thermal variables BT: Components, packaging, measurement and manufacturing technology NT: Electronic packaging Thermal expansion thermal management BT: Thermal factors Electronics cooling RT: Electrothermal actuators NT: Thermal force Thermal noise UF: Johnson Nyquist noise Thermal factors BT: Circuit noise UF: High-temperature effects RT: Conductors BT: Physics RT: Annealing Thermal plumes Critical current density USE: Thermal pollution Heat treatment Proton effects Thermal pollution Pyroelectricity UF: Heat islands Superconducting devices Thermal plumes Superconducting materials Urban heat islands Temperature control BT: Pollution Thermal engineering RT: Air pollution Thermal stability Global warming Thermal variables control Industrial pollution Thermal variables Marine pollution measurement Waste heat NT: Temperature Water pollution Temperature dependence Thermal conductivity Thermal quenching Thermal expansion BT: Cooling Thermal management Thermal stresses Thermal resistance Thermoelasticity BT: Resistance Thermoelectricity RT: Thermal conductivity Thermolysis Thermooptic effects Thermal sensors Thermoresistivity BT: Sensors NT: Electrothermal actuators Thermal force Temperature sensors BT: Thermal expansion Thermal shock Thermal lensing BT: Shock (mechanics) BT: Thermooptic effects Thermal stresses RT: Laser beams Nonlinear optics Thermal spraying Optical distortion BT: Spraying Solid lasers Thermal stability This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 526 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Stability Thermochromism RT: Integrated circuit reliability BT: Thermooptic effects Thermal factors Thermodynamics Thermal stresses BT: Science - general BT: Thermal factors NT: Enthalpy NT: Thermal loading Isobaric Thermal shock Isothermal processes

Thermal variables control Thermoelasticity BT: Control systems BT: Thermal factors RT: Thermal engineering Thermal factors Thermoelectric devices NT: HVAC BT: Thermoelectricity Temperature control Thermal analysis Thermoelectric effect USE: Thermoelectricity Thermal variables measurement BT: Measurement Thermoelectric materials RT: Calorimetry BT: Materials Thermal engineering Thermoelectricity Thermal factors Transducers Thermoelectricity NT: Temperature measurement UF: Seebeck effect Thermoelectric effect Thermal wave imaging BT: Electricity USE: Photothermal effects Energy conversion Thermal factors Thermionic emission NT: Electrothermal effects BT: Nuclear and plasma Peltier effect sciences Thermoelectric devices RT: Electron emission Thermoelectric materials Ion emission Transmission electron Thermoforming microscopy BT: Manufacturing systems Vacuum arcs Thermoluminescence Thermionic valves BT: Luminescence USE: Electron tubes Thermolysis Thermistors BT: Chemical processes BT: Semiconductor devices Thermal factors RT: Temperature measurement NT: Thermal decomposition Thermoresistivity Thermal degradation

Thermo-mechanics Thermomechanical processes USE: Thermomechanical UF: Thermo-mechanics processes Thermomechanics BT: Thermal analysis Thermo-optic effects USE: Thermooptic effects Thermomechanics USE: Thermomechanical Thermo-optical devices processes USE: Thermooptical devices Thermometers This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 527 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Temperature sensors Integrated circuits RT: Hybrid integrated circuits Thermonuclear fusion Thick film devices USE: Fusion reactors Thick film inductors

Thermooptic effects Thick film devices UF: Thermo-optic effects BT: Electron devices BT: Thermal factors RT: Thick film circuits RT: Birefringence Thick films Optical propagation NT: Thick film inductors Optical reflection Optical refraction Thick film inductors Thermooptical devices BT: Inductors NT: Thermal lensing Thick film devices Thermochromism RT: Microstrip components Thermoreflectance Thick film circuits Thick films Thermooptical devices UF: Thermo-optical devices Thick film sensors BT: Optical devices UF: Thick-film sensors RT: Integrated optics BT: Sensors Optical switches Solid lasers Thick films Thermooptic effects BT: Films RT: Dielectric films Thermoplastic polyethylene Semiconductor films BT: Polyethylene Superconducting films NT: UHMWPE Thick film devices Thick film inductors Thermoreflectance BT: Thermooptic effects Thick-film sensors USE: Thick film sensors Thermoreflectance imaging BT: Optical imaging Thickness control RT: Spectroscopy BT: Mechanical variables control Thermoresistivity RT: Size control BT: Thermal factors RT: Temperature measurement Thickness measurement Thermistors BT: Mechanical variables measurement Thermostats RT: Micrometers BT: Control equipment Size measurement

Thesauri Thigh UF: Thesaurus BT: Extremities BT: Knowledge representation Writing Thin film circuits RT: Ontologies BT: Circuits Integrated circuits Thesaurus RT: Hybrid integrated circuits USE: Thesauri Silicon-on-insulator Thin film devices Thick film circuits Thin film inductors BT: Circuits This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 528 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Thin film deposition BT: Structural shapes USE: Sputtering RT: Honeycomb structures Lightweight structures Thin film devices Sandwich structures BT: Electron devices Sheet materials RT: Amorphous semiconductors Structural panels Doping profiles Structural shells Giant magnetoresistance Thin film circuits Thin-film transistors Thin films USE: Thin film transistors NT: Film bulk acoustic resonators Third generation mobile communication Thin film inductors USE: 3G mobile communication Thin film transistors Thomson effect Thin film inductors BT: Temperature measurement BT: Inductors Thin film devices Thorax RT: Thin film circuits BT: Body regions Thin films Skeleton NT: Ribs Thin film sensors Sternum BT: Sensors Thorium Thin film transistors BT: Chemical elements UF: TFT Thin-film transistors Threat assessment BT: Active matrix technology BT: Risk analysis Field effect transistors RT: Law enforcement Thin film devices Terrorism RT: Displays Liquid crystal devices Three dimensional displays NT: Organic thin film transistors USE: Three-dimensional displays

Thin films Three dimensional integrated circuits BT: Films USE: Three-dimensional RT: Diamond-like carbon integrated circuits Dielectric films Epitaxial layers Three-dimensional displays Magnetic films UF: 3-D displays Metasurfaces 3-D modeling Molecular beam epitaxial 3-D modelling growth 3-D reconstruction Molecular beams 3D displays Self-assembly 3D modeling Semiconductor films 3D modelling Superconducting films 3D reconstruction Superconducting thin films Three dimensional displays Thin film devices BT: Displays Thin film inductors RT: Reconstruction algorithms NT: Buffer layers Shadow mapping Epitaxial growth Sprites (computer) Semiconductor thin films Structure from motion NT: Bundle adjustment Thin wall structures X3D This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 529 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Three-dimensional integrated circuits Throughput (communication systems) UF: 3D integrated circuits USE: Information rates Three dimensional integrated circuits Thulium BT: Integrated circuits BT: Chemical elements

Three-dimensional printing Thumb UF: 3D printing BT: Fingers Additive manufacturing BT: Manufacturing systems Thyratrons Printing BT: Electron tubes RT: Ink jet printing RT: Gas discharge devices Rapid prototyping Thyristor circuits Three-dimensional television BT: Circuits BT: TV RT: Thyristors

Three-dimensional vision Thyristors USE: Stereo vision UF: Diacs SCR Three-phase electric power Semiconductor controlled BT: Power electronics rectifiers RT: Conductors Silicon controlled rectifiers Voltage control Triacs BT: Power semiconductor Three-term control switches BT: Process control RT: Thyristor circuits NT: Photothyristors Threshold current BT: Current Thyroid RT: Electron devices BT: Glands Lasers Ti Threshold voltage USE: Titanium BT: Voltage RT: Integrated circuit noise Tides MOSFET circuits BT: Oceans Transistors RT: Ocean circulation NT: Subthreshold current Tiles Thresholding (Imaging) BT: Building materials BT: Image segmentaton RT: Ceramic products RT: Image edge detection Ceramics Floors Thrombosis BT: Medical conditions Timbre BT: Music Through-silicon vias UF: TSV Time complexity BT: Integrated circuits BT: Computational complexity RT: Computational modeling Throughput NT: Reversible computing UF: Network throughput BT: Communication channels Time delay This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 530 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Delay effects RT: Differential equations

Time difference of arrival Time measurement UF: Time-difference-of-arrival BT: Measurement BT: Object detection RT: Time-frequency analysis Watches Time dissemination NT: Clocks BT: Time measurement Time dissemination RT: Satellite navigation systems Timing Synchronization Time of arrival estimation Time division multiaccess UF: TOA estimation USE: Time division multiple Time-of-arrival estimation access BT: Parameter estimation RT: Array signal processing Time division multiple access Direction-of-arrival UF: Time division multiaccess estimation BT: Multiaccess communication Signal detection

Time division multiplexed Time series analysis USE: Time division multiplexing UF: time-series analysis BT: Statistics Time division multiplexing RT: Autocorrelation UF: TDM Autoregressive processes Time division multiplexed Chaotic communication BT: Multiplexing Modeling Random processes Time division synchronous code division Spectral analysis multiple access Statistical analysis UF: TDSCDMA BT: Multiaccess communication Time sharing computer systems RT: 3G mobile communication UF: Time-sharing computer 4G mobile communication systems Cellular radio Time-sharing systems Multicarrier code division BT: Computers and information multiple access processing Spread spectrum RT: Mainframes communication Time to market Time domain analysis BT: Design methodology USE: Time-domain analysis Product development RT: Concurrent engineering Time factors BT: System analysis and design Time varying circuits RT: Bang-bang control BT: Circuits NT: Continuous time systems Discrete-time systems Time varying systems Time invariant systems USE: Time-varying systems Time-varying systems Time warp simulation Time frequency analysis BT: Discrete event simulation USE: Time-frequency analysis Time-difference-of-arrival Time invariant systems USE: Time difference of arrival BT: Time factors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 531 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Time-domain analysis Timing jitter UF: FDTD BT: Jitter Time domain analysis RT: Timing BT: Electromagnetic analysis RT: Phase noise Tin State-space methods UF: Sn Waves BT: Metals NT: Tin alloys Time-frequency analysis Tin compounds UF: Time frequency analysis BT: Frequency-domain analysis Tin alloys RT: Biomedical signal BT: Tin processing RT: Alloying Fourier transforms NT: Niobium-tin Frequency measurement Image processing Tin compounds Power systems BT: Tin Time measurement Video signal processing Tire pressure BT: Pressure measurement Time-of-arrival estimation Tires USE: Time of arrival estimation Tires time-series analysis UF: Tyres USE: Time series analysis BT: Mechanical products Rubber products Time-sharing computer systems RT: Automobile manufacture USE: Time sharing computer Automotive components systems Vehicles Wheels Time-sharing systems NT: Tire pressure USE: Time sharing computer systems Tissue damage BT: Lesions Time-varying channels BT: Communication channels Tissue engineering RT: Mobile communication UF: Tissue scaffolds Wireless LAN BT: Biomedical engineering RT: Biological materials Time-varying systems Colloidal lithography UF: Time varying systems Diamond-like carbon BT: Time factors Genetic engineering RT: Control systems NT: Regeneration engineering NT: Switched systems Tissue scaffolds Timing USE: Tissue engineering BT: Time measurement RT: Clocks Tissues Logic design USE: Biological tissues System dynamics Timing jitter Titanates NT: Bit rate USE: Titanium compounds Delays Synchronization Titania USE: Titanium dioxide This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 532 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Titanium Tokenization UF: Ti BT: Data security BT: Chemical elements Natural language Metals processing NT: Titanium alloys Titanium compounds Tolerance analysis Titanium dioxide UF: Circuit tolerance analysis Titanium nitride Tolerating problems BT: Manufacturing Titanium alloys RT: Circuit analysis BT: Titanium Circuit optimization RT: Alloying Semiconductor device breakdown Titanium compounds Sensitivity UF: Titanates BT: Titanium Tolerating problems USE: Tolerance analysis Titanium dioxide UF: Titania Tomographic BT: Titanium USE: Tomography

Titanium nitride Tomography BT: Titanium UF: Tomographic BT: Imaging TMR RT: Biomedical imaging USE: Tunneling Geophysical measurement magnetoresistance techniques Image reconstruction TOA estimation NT: Computed tomography USE: Time of arrival estimation Electrical capacitance tomography Toddler Electrical impedance USE: Pediatrics tomography Optical coherence Tokamak devices tomography BT: Tokamaks Positron emission RT: Magnetic confinement tomography Toroidal magnetic fields Reconstruction algorithms

Tokamaks Tomosynthesis BT: Fusion reactors USE: Biomedical imaging Plasma applications Plasma devices Tongue RT: Magnetic confinement BT: Digestive system Plasma simulation RT: Stomatognathic system NT: Tokamak devices Tools Token networks BT: Manufactured products BT: Communication systems NT: Hand tools Computer networks Digital systems Tooth RT: Local area networks USE: Teeth Metropolitan area networks Wide area networks Topography (earth) This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 533 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Terrain mapping Engines Gears Topological insulators Shafts BT: Insulators Torque

Topology Torque convertors BT: Mathematics USE: Torque converters RT: Graph theory Morphological operations Torque measurement UF: Torque ripple TOPSIS BT: Mechanical variables UF: Technique for order of measurement preference by simularity to ideal solution RT: Pressure gauges BT: Decision theory Torque RT: Decision making NT: Dynamometers Fuzzy set theory Operations research Torque ripple Optimization USE: Torque measurement

Tornado Torso USE: Tornadoes BT: Body regions

Tornadoes Total harmonic distortion UF: Tornado BT: Distortion measurement Tornados Harmonic distortion BT: Geoscience RT: Signal analysis

Tornados Total ionizing dose USE: Tornadoes BT: Radiation effects RT: Aerospace electronics Toroidal magnetic fields Radiation hardening BT: Magnetic fields (electronics) RT: Tokamak devices Total quality management Torpedoes UF: TQM USE: Missiles BT: Quality management RT: Business process re- Torque engineering BT: Mechanical factors Design for quality RT: Torque control Quality assurance Torque converters Quality awards Torque measurement Quality control NT: Continuous improvement Torque control Six sigma BT: Mechanical variables control Touch screens RT: Motor drives USE: Touch sensitive screens Torque Touch sensitive screens Torque converters UF: Touch screens UF: Torque convertors BT: Computer displays BT: Mechanical power RT: Haptic interfaces transmission Tactile sensors RT: Automotive components Drives Touch sensors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 534 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Tactile sensors Tracking loops Tourism industry UF: Delay lock loops BT: Industries BT: Linear feedback control systems Towers Signal processing USE: Poles and towers RT: Modulation Synchronization Town gas Tracking USE: Coal gas Traction motors Toxic chemicals BT: Motors BT: Chemical hazards RT: Battery powered vehicles Toxicology Fuel cell vehicles Hybrid electric vehicles Toxicology Propulsion UF: Poisons Solar powered vehicles BT: Hazards RT: Chemical hazards Traction power supplies Hazardous materials BT: Power supplies Occupational health Pollution Tractors NT: Toxic chemicals USE: Agricultural machinery

Toy industry Trade BT: Industries USE: Business

Toy manufacturing industry Trade (international) UF: Toys USE: International trade BT: Manufacturing industries RT: Electronics industry Trade agreements UF: Free trade Toys GATT USE: Toy manufacturing industry General agreement on tariffs and trade TQM BT: Economics USE: Total quality management RT: Globalization International collaboration Tracheal intubation International trade USE: Intubation Tariffs

Tracking Trade unions BT: Motion measurement USE: Industrial relations RT: Iterative learning control Maximum likelihood Trademarks estimation BT: Law Particle tracking Legal factors Position measurement RT: Copyright protection Tracking loops Velocity measurement Traffic congestion NT: Object tracking BT: Road transportation Target tracking RT: Traffic control Trajectory tracking Underwater tracking Traffic control Video tracking UF: Traffic pattern This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 535 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Traffic simulation Trajectory tracking BT: Control systems BT: Path planning RT: Communication systems Tracking Computer network RT: Motion control management Robot control Traffic congestion NT: Queueing analysis Trans human Road traffic control USE: Transhuman Vehicle routing Trans-human Traffic load USE: Transhuman USE: Telecommunication traffic Transaction databases Traffic pattern BT: Databases USE: Traffic control NT: Itemsets

Traffic simulation Transactive control USE: Traffic control USE: Transactive energy

Training Transactive energy UF: Technician training UF: Transactive control BT: Education BT: Energy management RT: Accreditation RT: Power distribution Continuing education Power markets Continuing professional Power system economics development Smart grids Electronic learning Learning management Transceivers systems BT: Communication equipment Manuals RT: Land mobile radio Mentoring equipment Personnel Mobile communication NT: Certification Mobile handsets Industrial training Software radio Management training NT: Radio transceivers On the job training Qualifications Transcoding Vocational training BT: Encoding RT: Data compression Training data Image coding BT: Data analysis Multimedia communication Video coding Trajectory BT: Path planning Transconductance RT: Motion control UF: Mutual conductance Object tracking BT: Conductivity NT: Trajectory optimization RT: Transconductors

Trajectory optimization Transconductors BT: Optimization BT: CMOS integrated circuits Trajectory RT: Transconductance

Trajectory planning Transcranial direct current stimulation BT: Path planning BT: Neuroscience Neurostimulation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 536 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

MPEG standards Transcranial magnetic stimulation Principal component BT: Neuroscience analysis Neurostimulation Vector quantization

Transducers Transformer cores BT: Electronic components BT: Magnetic cores RT: Electric variables Magnetic devices measurement RT: Power transformers Measurement Transformers Mechanical variables measurement Transformer oil Solenoids USE: Oil insulation Temperature sensors Thermal variables Transformer windings measurement USE: Windings NT: Acoustic transducers Biomedical transducers Transformers Capacitive transducers BT: Power systems Chemical transducers RT: Coils Inductive transducers Core loss Piezoelectric transducers Inductive power Resistive transducers transmission Ultrasonic transducer Transformer cores arrays Voltage multipliers Windings Transfer function NT: Baluns USE: Transfer functions Current transformers Flyback transformers Transfer functions High-frequency UF: Transfer function transformers BT: Differential equations Instrument transformers RT: Control systems Phase transformers Damping Power transformers Linear systems Pulse transformers NT: Poles and zeros Tap changers

Transfer molding Transforms UF: Resin transfer molding BT: Mathematics Resin transfer moulding RT: Numerical analysis Transfer moulding Signal processing BT: Production Spectral analysis NT: Discrete transforms Transfer moulding Empirical mode USE: Transfer molding decomposition Fourier transforms Transferred electron devices Karhunen-Loeve transforms USE: Gunn devices Poincare invariance Wavelet transforms Transform coding UF: JPEG Transhuman JPEG2000 UF: Trans human MPEG Trans-human BT: Data compression Transhumanism RT: Digital photography This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 537 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Systems, man, and Translational science cybernetics USE: Translational research RT: Posthuman Transmembrane potential Transhumanism USE: Membrane potentials USE: Transhuman Transmissible disease Transient analysis USE: Infectious diseases UF: Transients BT: Power system transients Transmission control protocol-internet protocol RT: Electromagnetic transients USE: TCPIP Signal analysis Steady-state Transmission control protocol/internet protocol USE: TCPIP Transient gratings USE: Gratings Transmission electron microscopy BT: Electron microscopy Transient response RT: Electron beams UF: Natural response Thermionic emission BT: Propagation RT: Damping Transmission line antennas BT: Antennas Transients RT: Transmission lines USE: Transient analysis Transmission line circuits Transinformation USE: Distributed parameter USE: Mutual information circuits

Transistors Transmission line discontinuities BT: Semiconductor devices BT: Transmission lines Solid state circuits RT: Freight handling RT: Aluminum gallium nitride NT: Waveguide discontinuities Bipolar transistors CMOS technology Transmission line matrix methods Silicon germanium BT: Mathematics Threshold voltage Numerical analysis NT: Field effect transistors Heterojunction bipolar Transmission line measurements transistors BT: Electric variables Millimeter wave transistors measurement Phototransistors RT: Impedance measurement Static induction transistors Transmission lines

Translational medicine Transmission line theory USE: Translational research BT: Transmission lines RT: Capacitance Translational research Conductivity UF: Bench to bedside Crosstalk Translational medicine Frequency Translational science Inductance BT: Biomedical engineering Research and development Transmission lines RT: Medical diagnosis UF: Transmission-line Medical services BT: Power transmission RT: Baluns This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 538 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Circuit noise Radio communication Civil engineering equipment Coaxial cables RT: Radio navigation Distributed parameter Satellite communication circuits Helical antennas Transport protocols Splicing BT: Protocols Transmission line antennas RT: IP networks Transmission line Overlay networks measurements Radio links NT: Cables SONET Electromagnetic Synchronous digital waveguides hierarchy Multiconductor transmission TCPIP lines Planar transmission lines Transportation Poles and towers BT: Intelligent transportation Power line communications systems Power transmission lines RT: Bridges Stripline Freight containers Superconducting NT: Air transportation transmission lines Escalators Transmission line Green transportation discontinuities Land transportation Transmission line theory Public transportation Seaports Transmission of electric power Smart transportation USE: Power transmission Vehicles

Transmission-line Transportation industry USE: Transmission lines BT: Industries

Transmit antennas Transversal filters USE: Transmitting antennas BT: Filters RT: Digital filters Transmitters Filtering theory BT: Communication equipment Signal processing RT: Linearization techniques Modulation Transverse electromagnetic cells SISO communication USE: TEM cells NT: Auxiliary transmitters Diversity methods Traveling salesman Neurotransmitters USE: Traveling salesman Optical transmitters problems Radio transmitters Transmitting antennas Traveling salesman problems UF: Traveling salesman Transmitting antennas Travelling salesman UF: Transmit antennas problem BT: Antennas BT: NP-hard problem Transmitters RT: Optimization methods RT: Receiving antennas Shortest path problem

Transponders Traveling wave tubes BT: Communication equipment UF: Travelling wave tubes This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 539 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Electron tubes BT: Cooling Heating systems Travelling salesman problem Power generation USE: Traveling salesman RT: Cogeneration problems Trigger circuits Travelling wave tubes BT: Circuits USE: Traveling wave tubes Trions Tree data structures BT: Electrons BT: Data structures NT: Binary trees Triples (Data structure) UF: SPO Tree graphs Semantic triple BT: Graph theory Subject predicate object RT: Circuit topology Triplestore BT: Data storage systems Tree searching RT: Database systems USE: Decision trees Information retrieval Metasearch Trees (botanical) Relational databases USE: Vegetation Text mining

Trees - insulation Triplestore UF: Water trees USE: Triples (Data structure) BT: Insulators RT: Humidity Tritium batteries Insulation life USE: Atomic batteries Moisture Trojan horses Trellis codes UF: Trojans USE: Convolutional codes BT: Malware RT: Cyber espionage Triacs USE: Thyristors Trojans USE: Trojan horses Triboelectricity BT: Electricity Trolley cars Electrostatic processes USE: Public transportation Surface charging RT: Nanogenerators Tropical cyclones UF: Cyclonic storms Tribology Storm systems BT: Motion measurement Tropical depressions Tropical storms Trigen BT: Cyclones USE: Trigeneration Tropical depressions Trigeneration USE: Tropical cyclones UF: CHCP Combined heat, cooling Tropical storms and power USE: Tropical cyclones Combined heat, cooling, and power Troposphere Trigen USE: Terrestrial atmosphere This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 540 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Tumors Truncation errors USE: Finite wordlength effects Tunable circuits and devices BT: Circuits and systems Trust management Frequency control BT: Decision making RT: Inductors Information security Tuners RT: Access control Tuning Computer security NT: RLC circuits Cryptography Tuned circuits Privacy NT: Trusted computing Tuned circuits BT: Tunable circuits and Trusted computing devices BT: Computer security Trust management Tuners BT: Instruments Tsunami Tuning BT: Geoscience RT: Frequency control Frequency synthesizers TSV Resonators USE: Through-silicon vias Tunable circuits and devices Tubes USE: Electron tubes Tungsten UF: Wolfram Tumor BT: Metals USE: Tumors Tuning Tumor cells BT: Frequency control USE: Tumors RT: Tunable circuits and devices Tumor detection NT: Laser tuning USE: Tumors Optical tuning Tuners Tumors UF: Tumor Tuning forks Tumor cells USE: Vibrations Tumor detection Tumours Tunnel effect BT: Medical conditions USE: Tunneling RT: Cancer Medical diagnostic imaging Tunnel field effect transistors Oncology USE: TFETs Positron emission tomography Tunneling Single photon emission UF: Tunnel effect computed tomography BT: Electron devices NT: Benign tumors Quantum mechanics Breast tumors RT: Quantum well devices Colonic polyps Semiconductor materials Lesions NT: Gate leakage Malignant tumors Josephson effect Magnetic tunneling Tumours Resonant tunneling devices This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 541 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Superconductive tunneling Turbulent media Tunneling USE: Random media magnetoresistance Turing machines Tunneling magnetoresistance BT: Automata UF: TMR RT: Digital computers Tunnelling magnetoresistance Turning BT: Magnetoresistance BT: Machining Tunneling RT: Boring RT: Magnetoresistive devices Machine tools

Tunnelling magnetoresistance Turnkey project USE: Tunneling BT: Project engineering magnetoresistance Project management

Turbines Tutorials BT: Turbomachinery BT: Educational programs RT: Aircraft propulsion IEEE indexing Boilers Compressors TV Turbogenerators UF: Mobile television Wind energy TV broadcasting NT: Hydraulic turbines Television Wind turbines BT: Communications technology Turbo codes RT: Closed captioning BT: Channel coding Electronic learning RT: Error correction Entertainment industry Viterbi algorithm Flat panel displays HbbTV Standards Turbo generators Image communication USE: Turbogenerators Must-carry TV equipment Turbogenerators Telecommunication UF: Turbo generators computing BT: Turbomachinery UHDTV RT: Turbines Visual communication Wind power generation NT: Analog TV Cable TV Turbomachine blades Color TV USE: Turbomachinery Digital TV Mobile TV Turbomachinery Smart TV UF: Turbomachine blades Three-dimensional BT: Power generation television RT: Blades Web TV Compressors Engines TV broadcasting Machine components USE: TV Mechanical systems Pumps TV equipment NT: Turbines BT: Communication equipment Turbogenerators RT: TV Video equipment This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 542 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Large screen displays TV receivers Typesetting BT: Text processing TV interference RT: Printing BT: Interference RT: Echo interference Tyres Gaussian noise USE: Tires

TV receivers Uber BT: TV equipment USE: Public transportation

Twitter Ubicomp USE: Blogs AND USE: Pervasive computing Social networking (online) Ubiquitous computing Two dimensional displays UF: Ubiquitous wireless* UF: 2-D displays BT: Pervasive computing 2D displays RT: Ambient intelligence Two-dimensional displays NT: Context-aware services BT: Displays RT: Sprites (computer) Ubiquitous wireless* Structure from motion USE: Ubiquitous computing

Two dimensional hole gas UDN UF: 2-d hole gas USE: Ultra-dense networks 2d hole gas BT: Quantum well devices UHD RT: Quantum well lasers USE: UHDTV Quantum wells UHDTV Two dimensional photonic crystals UF: 4K UHD USE: Photonic crystals 8K UHD Super hi-vision Two-dimensional displays UHD USE: Two dimensional displays Ultra HD Ultra HD TV Two-dimensional electron gas FETs Ultra-high definition TV USE: MODFETs Ultra-high definition television Two-dimensional photonic crystals BT: HDTV USE: Photonic crystals RT: ITU Standards TV Two-term control BT: Process control UHF antennas BT: Antennas Type II superconductors UHF technology BT: Superconducting materials RT: UHF devices RT: Flux pinning Niobium UHF circuits UF: Ultra-high-frequency Type interference circuits USE: Reasoning about programs BT: Circuits UHF technology Type testing RT: Analog circuits USE: Conformance testing NT: UHF integrated circuits This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 543 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: Ultra high molecular weight UHF communication polyethylene UF: Ultra-high-frequency BT: Thermoplastic polyethylene communication BT: Communication systems UK Space Agency UHF technology USE: United Kingdom Space RT: Mobile handsets Agency

UHF devices ULSI UF: Ultra-high-frequency USE: Ultra large scale integration devices BT: UHF technology Ultra HD RT: UHF antennas USE: UHDTV UHF integrated circuits Ultra HD TV UHF integrated circuits USE: UHDTV UF: Ultra-high-frequency integrated circuits Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene BT: Circuits USE: UHMWPE Integrated circuits UHF circuits Ultra large scale integration UHF technology UF: ULSI RT: Analog integrated circuits BT: Circuits UHF devices Integrated circuits Large scale integration UHF measurements UF: Ultra-high-frequency Ultra low power* measurements USE: Low-power electronics BT: Measurement RT: UHF technology Ultra reliable low latency communication UF: URLLC UHF propagation Ultra-reliable low latency UF: UHF radio propagation communication Ultra-high-frequency Ultra-reliable low-latency propagation communication BT: Electromagnetic BT: Low latency communication propagation RT: Broadband antennas Ultra violet USE: Ultraviolet sources UHF radio propagation USE: UHF propagation Ultra wide-band USE: Ultra wideband technology UHF technology UF: Ultra-high-frequency Ultra wideband technology USE: Ultra wideband technology BT: Communications technology Ultra wideband antennas RT: UHF measurements UF: UWB antennas NT: UHF antennas Ultrawideband antennas UHF circuits BT: Broadband antennas UHF communication Ultra wideband technology UHF devices RT: Ultra wideband radar UHF integrated circuits Ultra wideband communication UHMWPE UF: UWB communication This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 544 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Ultrawideband USE: UHF communication communication BT: Ultra wideband technology Ultra-high-frequency devices RT: Broadband communication USE: UHF devices Military communication Multipath channels Ultra-high-frequency integrated circuits Spread spectrum USE: UHF integrated circuits communication Ultra-high-frequency measurements Ultra wideband radar USE: UHF measurements UF: UWB radar Ultrawideband radar Ultra-high-frequency propagation BT: Radar USE: UHF propagation Ultra wideband technology RT: Ground penetrating radar Ultra-high-frequency technology Radar detection USE: UHF technology Radar imaging Synthetic aperture radar Ultra-low power* Ultra wideband antennas USE: Low-power electronics

Ultra wideband technology Ultra-reliable low latency communication UF: UWB technology USE: Ultra reliable low latency Ultra wide-band communication Ultra wideband Ultra-wide-band Ultra-reliable low-latency communication Ultra-wideband USE: Ultra reliable low latency Ultrawideband communication Ultrawideband technology BT: Communications Ultra-violet technology USE: Ultraviolet sources NT: Ultra wideband antennas Ultra wideband Ultra-wide-band communication USE: Ultra wideband technology Ultra wideband radar Ultra-wideband Ultra-dense networks USE: Ultra wideband technology UF: UDN BT: Cellular networks Ultracapacitors Mobile communication USE: Supercapacitors RT: 5G mobile communication Microcell networks Ultrafast electronics BT: High-speed electronics Ultra-high definition television USE: UHDTV Ultrafast optics BT: Optics Ultra-high definition TV USE: UHDTV Ultrasonic applications USE: Acoustic applications Ultra-high definition video BT: High definition video Ultrasonic devices USE: Acoustic devices Ultra-high-frequency circuits USE: UHF circuits Ultrasonic imaging UF: Ultrasonic techniques Ultra-high-frequency communication Ultrasound This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 545 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, USE: Ultra wideband antennas and frequency control RT: Amniocentesis Ultrawideband communication Biomedical imaging USE: Ultra wideband NT: Ultrasonography communication

Ultrasonic techniques Ultrawideband radar USE: Ultrasonic imaging USE: Ultra wideband radar

Ultrasonic transducer arrays Ultrawideband technology BT: Transducers USE: Ultra wideband technology

Ultrasonic transducers Umbilical cable BT: Ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, UF: Power supplies to and frequency control apparatus RT: Nondestructive testing BT: Power supplies Piezoelectricity Sonar UML USE: Unified modeling language Ultrasonic variables measurement BT: Measurement UMTS USE: 3G mobile communication Ultrasonics USE: Acoustics Uncertain systems UF: Parameter uncertainty Ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency BT: Mathematics control RT: Control systems NT: Ferroelectric materials Linear matrix inequalities Frequency control Robustness Piezoelectricity Uncertainty Pyroelectricity Ultrasonic imaging Uncertainty Ultrasonic transducers BT: Probability RT: Cognitive science Ultrasonography Fuzzy sets BT: Biomedical image Nonlinear dynamical processing systems Ultrasonic imaging Uncertain systems NT: Sonogram NT: Evidence theory Forecast uncertainty Ultrasound USE: Ultrasonic imaging Underarm USE: Axilla Ultraviolet sources UF: UV sources Underground communication cables Ultra violet USE: Communication cables Ultra-violet BT: Light sources Underground object detection RT: Lamps USE: Buried object detection Lasers Underground objects Ultrawideband USE: Buried object detection USE: Ultra wideband technology Underground power cables Ultrawideband antennas BT: Power cables This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 546 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Underwater vehicles Undersea communication NT: Marine robots USE: Underwater communication Underwater communication Underwater equipment Underwater acoustics Underwater structures BT: Acoustics Underwater tracking Underwater autonomous vehicles BT: Tracking USE: Autonomous underwater vehicles Underwater vehicles UF: Aquatic vehicles Underwater cables Submarines UF: Marine cables Submersibles Sub-sea cables BT: Marine vehicles Submarine cables RT: Marine robots Subsea cables Marine technology BT: Cables Underwater equipment Marine technology Underwater technology

Underwater communication Undulators UF: Undersea communication UF: Wiggler magnets BT: Communication systems BT: Magnetic devices Marine technology Synchrotrons Underwater technology RT: Free electron lasers X-rays Underwater drones USE: Unmanned underwater Unemployment vehicles BT: Human resource management Underwater equipment UF: Diving equipment Uniaxial strain Flotation devices BT: Strain BT: Marine technology Underwater technology Unicast RT: Underwater vehicles BT: Computer networks NT: Rebreathing equipment RT: Streaming media

Underwater exploration robots Unified messaging USE: Unmanned underwater BT: Electronic mail vehicles Electronic messaging

Underwater robots Unified modeling language USE: Unmanned underwater UF: UML vehicles BT: Specification languages RT: Client-server systems Underwater sensor networks Common Information Model USE: Wireless sensor networks (electricity)

Underwater structures Uniform Resource Identifier BT: Marine technology USE: Uniform resource locators Underwater technology Uniform resource locators Underwater technology UF: URL UF: Submarine technology Uniform Resource Identifier BT: Marine technology Uniform resource name This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 547 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Web sites Unmanned autonomous vehicles Uniform resource name UF: Unmanned autonomous USE: Uniform resource locators cars BT: Autonomous vehicles Uninterruptible power systems NT: Autonomous aerial vehicles BT: Power systems Autonomous underwater RT: Batteries vehicles Emergency power supplies Power supplies Unmanned underwater vehicles Protection UF: Underwater drones Underwater exploration United Kingdom Space Agency robots UF: UK Space Agency Underwater robots BT: Organizations BT: Unmanned vehicles

Units (measurement) Unmanned vehicles USE: Measurement units UF: Remotely guided vehicles Remotely operated Universal mobile telecommunication service automobiles USE: 3G mobile communication Remotely operated cars Remotely operated vehicles Universal motors BT: Intelligent vehicles BT: Motors RT: Agricultural robots NT: Unmanned aerial vehicles Universal Serial Bus Unmanned underwater UF: USB vehicles BT: Communication standards Information technology Unsolicited e-mail UF: Junk e-mail Universities Junk email USE: Educational institutions Spam Spamming Unmanned aerial vehicles Unsolicited electronic e- UF: Aerial robots mail Micro air vehicles Unsolicited electronic email Unmanned air vehicles Unsolicited email Unmanned airborne BT: Electronic mail vehicles RT: Computer crime BT: Unmanned vehicles Office automation RT: Mobile robots Privacy-invasive software NT: Drones Unsolicited electronic e-mail Unmanned air vehicles USE: Unsolicited e-mail USE: Unmanned aerial vehicles Unsolicited electronic email Unmanned airborne vehicles USE: Unsolicited e-mail USE: Unmanned aerial vehicles Unsolicited email Unmanned autonomous cars USE: Unsolicited e-mail USE: Unmanned autonomous vehicles Unsupervised learning BT: Learning systems Unmanned autonomous vehicle RT: Formal concept analysis USE: Autonomous vehicles This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 548 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Generative adversarial networks Urogenital system Semisupervised learning BT: Anatomy NT: Bladder Uplink Kidney BT: Satellite communication US activities Upper bound USE: IEEE United States BT: Boundary conditions activities

Uranium US Department of Agriculture BT: Chemical elements BT: US Government

Urban areas US Department of Commerce UF: Cities and towns BT: US Government City NT: NIST Metropolitan areas NTIA Urban environments BT: Geography US Department of Defense RT: Public infrastructure UF: DoD Public transportation BT: US Government NT: Smart cities Urban planning US Department of Energy UF: DoE Urban environments BT: US Government USE: Urban areas US Department of Health and Human Urban heat islands Services USE: Thermal pollution BT: US Government agencies NT: National Institutes of Health Urban modeling USE: Urban planning US Department of Homeland Security BT: US Government Urban planning RT: Cyberattack UF: City planning Terrorism Urban modeling BT: Urban areas US Department of Transportation RT: Public infrastructure UF: DOT NT: Urban policy BT: US Government

Urban policy US Government BT: Urban planning BT: Government NT: US Department of Urban pollution Agriculture BT: Pollution US Department of Commerce Urinary calculesis US Department of Defense USE: Kidney stones US Department of Energy US Department of URL Homeland Security USE: Uniform resource locators US Department of Transportation URLLC US Government agencies USE: Ultra reliable low latency US local government communication This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 549 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

US Government agencies Affordances BT: US Government Ambient intelligence RT: Patents Browsers NT: FAA Computer interfaces FCC Computer peripherals FDA Displays NASA Gaze tracking US Department of Health User experience and Human Services Web design NT: Audio user interfaces US local government Brain-computer interfaces BT: US Government Data visualization Emotion recognition Usability Exoskeletons BT: Software design Graphical user interfaces Human computer USB interaction USE: Universal Serial Bus Human-robot interaction Human-vehicle systems User centered design Smart cards UF: User-centered design User-centred design User-centered design BT: Design methodology USE: User centered design RT: Technology acceptance model User-centred design USE: User centered design User computer interfaces USE: User interfaces User-computer interfaces USE: User interfaces User experience BT: Ergonomics User-created content RT: Affective computing USE: User-generated content Human computer interaction User-generated content Human factors UF: Consumer-generated Mobile computing media Quality of experience User generated content Technology acceptance User-created content model BT: Data acquisition User interfaces Utility programs User friendliness BT: System software USE: Human computer interaction Utility theory BT: Mathematics User generated content RT: Supply and demand USE: User-generated content UV sources User interfaces USE: Ultraviolet sources UF: Man-machine interfaces User computer interfaces UWB antennas User-computer interfaces USE: Ultra wideband antennas BT: Systems, man, and cybernetics UWB communication RT: Adaptive learning This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 550 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Ultra wideband BT: Electron devices communication RT: Field emitter arrays Gettering UWB radar Space charge USE: Ultra wideband radar NT: Photomultipliers Vacuum electronics UWB technology Vacuum systems USE: Ultra wideband technology Vacuum tubes V2G USE: Electron tubes USE: Vehicle-to-grid VAD V2I USE: Voice activity detection USE: Vehicle-to-infrastructure Valuation V2V USE: Cost accounting USE: Vehicular ad hoc networks Valves V2X BT: Fluid flow USE: Vehicle-to-everything Hydraulic equipment Machine components Vaccines RT: Fluid flow control BT: Medical services Manifolds NT: Microvalves Vacuum arc remelting BT: Melt processing Vanadium BT: Chemical elements Vacuum arcs BT: Vacuum breakdown Vanes RT: Electron emission USE: Blades Thermionic emission Vacuum systems VANET USE: Vehicular ad hoc networks Vacuum breakdown BT: Dielectric breakdown VAR RT: Electron emission USE: Reactive power Vacuum systems NT: Vacuum arcs Varactors BT: Capacitors Vacuum electronics Semiconductor diodes BT: Vacuum technology Variable frequency drives Vacuum energy USE: Variable speed drives USE: Elementary particle vacuum Variable optical attenuators Vacuum systems USE: Optical attenuators BT: Vacuum technology RT: Bellows Variable selection Casimir effect USE: Input variables Leak detection Vacuum arcs Variable speed drives Vacuum breakdown UF: Variable frequency drives NT: Gettering BT: Drives RT: Magnetic gears Vacuum technology Motor drives This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 551 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Pitch control (audio) UF: Trees (botanical) BT: Biology Variable structure systems RT: Forestry BT: Adaptive systems Vegetation mapping NT: Crops Varistors Marine vegetation BT: Resistors RT: Arresters Vegetation mapping Semiconductor devices BT: Geoscience and remote sensing Vascular system RT: Agriculture USE: Circulatory system Forestry Geophysical measurement VCO techniques USE: Voltage-controlled Remote sensing oscillators Terrain mapping Vegetation VCR USE: Video recording Vehicle crash testing BT: Automotive engineering VCSEL Product safety engineering USE: Vertical cavity surface RT: Vehicles emitting lasers Vehicle detection Vector optimization BT: Automotive engineering USE: Pareto optimization Vehicle driving Vector processors BT: Automotive engineering BT: Microprocessors Vehicle dynamics Vector quantisation BT: Automotive engineering USE: Vector quantization RT: Hardware-in-the-loop simulation Vector quantization Vehicles UF: Vector quantisation NT: Rollover BT: Quantization (signal) RT: Codes Vehicle routing Encoding BT: Traffic control Image coding RT: Intelligent vehicles MPEG 4 Standard Path planning Speech coding Transform coding Vehicle safety Video coding BT: Automotive engineering Safety Vectors RT: Vehicle-to-everything BT: Linear algebra NT: Advanced driver assistance RT: Eigenvalues and systems eigenfunctions Lane departure warning Signal processing systems Lane detection Vegetable oils BT: Oils Vehicle to vehicle communication RT: Food products USE: Vehicular ad hoc networks

Vegetation Vehicle-to-everything This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 552 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: V2X RT: Dedicated short range BT: Communication systems communication Intelligent vehicles Mobile communication RT: Advanced driver assistance Vehicle-to-everything systems Vehicles On board unit Vehicular automation Road safety NT: Road side unit Vehicle safety Vehicular ad hoc networks Vehicular and wireless technologies NT: Vehicle-to-infrastructure UF: Vehicular technologies NT: Automotive engineering Vehicle-to-grid Land mobile radio UF: V2G equipment BT: Electric vehicles Navigation Smart grids Propulsion RT: Battery powered vehicles Vehicles Demand side management Wireless sensor networks Distributed power generation Vehicular automation Fuel cell vehicles BT: Automation Hybrid electric vehicles RT: Autonomous vehicles Load management Intelligent vehicles Propulsion Mechatronics Solar powered vehicles Mobile robots Multi-agent systems Vehicle-to-infrastructure Vehicular ad hoc networks UF: V2I BT: Vehicle-to-everything Vehicular technologies USE: Vehicular and wireless Vehicle-to-vehicle technologies USE: Vehicular ad hoc networks Veins Vehicles BT: Blood vessels BT: Transportation Vehicular and wireless Velocity control technologies UF: Rotational measurement RT: Mobile robots Rotational speed Tires Speed control Vehicle crash testing BT: Mechanical variables Vehicle dynamics control Vehicular ad hoc networks RT: Aerospace control NT: Connected vehicles Angular velocity Hydrogen powered vehicles Cruise control Intelligent vehicles Motion control Land vehicles Motor drives Military vehicles Servosystems Space vehicles NT: Angular velocity control

Vehicular ad hoc networks Velocity measurement UF: V2V UF: Speed measurement VANET BT: Mechanical variables Vehicle to vehicle measurement communication RT: Angular velocity Vehicle-to-vehicle Doppler measurement BT: Ad hoc networks Flowmeters This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 553 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Motion measurement RT: Distributed Bragg reflectors Slow light P-i-n diodes Tracking Vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers Ventilation USE: Vertical cavity surface BT: Cooling emitting lasers RT: Air conditioning HVAC Vertical recording Temperature control USE: Perpendicular magnetic Vents recording NT: Fans Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers Ventilators USE: Vertical cavity surface BT: Biomedical equipment emitting lasers RT: Intubation Respiratory system Very high speed integrated circuits UF: VHSIC Ventricle system BT: Integrated circuits BT: Brain Very large scale integration Vents UF: VLSI BT: Mechanical products Very-large-scale-integration RT: Air conditioning BT: Circuits Buildings Integrated circuits Ducts Large scale integration Space heating RT: Damascene integration Ventilation Nanotechnology Windows Parameter extraction NT: Neuromorphics Venture capital Wafer scale integration BT: Economics Financial management Very long instruction word RT: Business continuity USE: VLIW Enterprise resource planning Very-high-frequency circuits Research and development USE: VHF circuits management Risk analysis Very-high-frequency devices USE: VHF devices Venus BT: Planets Very-large-scale-integration USE: Very large scale integration Vermin control USE: Pest control Very-long-instruction-word USE: VLIW Veroboard USE: Stripboard circuit VHDL UF: VHSIC Hardware Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers Description Language UF: VCSEL BT: Hardware design Vertical cavity surface- languages emitting lasers RT: Electronic design Vertical-cavity surface- automation and methodology emitting lasers Field programmable gate BT: Surface emitting lasers arrays This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 554 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Integrated circuits Dynamics Parallel programming Elastodynamics Nanogenerators VHF circuits Oscillators UF: Very-high-frequency circuits Resonance BT: Circuits Vibration control RT: Analog circuits Vibration measurement Helical antennas VHF devices Vibrometers BT: Meters VHF devices RT: Vibration measurement UF: Very-high-frequency devices Video analytics BT: Communications USE: Visual analytics technology RT: VHF circuits Video annotation USE: Image annotation VHSIC USE: Very high speed integrated Video codecs circuits BT: Codecs Communication equipment VHSIC Hardware Description Language Video equipment USE: VHDL RT: Decoding Image coding Vibrating bodies MPEG 4 Standard USE: Vibrations MPEG standards Video coding Vibration control BT: Mechanical variables Video coding control UF: Advanced video coding RT: Damping Videocoding Isolation technology BT: Video signal processing Shock absorbers RT: Image coding Vibration measurement MPEG 4 Standard Vibrations MPEG standards Rate distortion theory Vibration measurement Streaming media BT: Mechanical variables Transcoding measurement Vector quantization RT: Modal analysis Video codecs Vibration control NT: DVD Vibrations High efficiency video coding Vibrometers Video compression Vibrational signal processing BT: Video signal processing USE: Signal processing RT: Data compression

Vibrations Video description UF: Mechanical vibrations BT: Assistive technology Tuning forks Audio systems Vibrating bodies Videos BT: Mechanical factors RT: Acoustic noise Video equipment Acoustics UF: Camcorders Damping BT: Communication equipment This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 555 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Consumer electronics Fall detection TV equipment Firewire Video recording Gaze tracking NT: Optical projectors IEEE 1394 Standard Video codecs Image annotation Videos Image recognition MPEG 4 Standard Video games MPEG standards USE: Games Motion detection Object tracking Video on demand Streaming media BT: Streaming media Time-frequency analysis RT: Broadband communication NT: Motion artifacts Digital multimedia Video coding broadcasting Video compression Multimedia Web sites Video streaming Video recording USE: Streaming media UF: VCR VTR Video surveillance BT: Recording BT: Surveillance RT: DVD RT: Motion detection Image storage Mobile video Video tracking Video equipment BT: Image motion analysis NT: High definition video Tracking Videos Webcams video-game USE: Games Video reviews BT: IEEE indexing Videocoding USE: Video coding Video sequence USE: Video sequences Videoconferences BT: Collaborative tools Video sequences UF: Video sequence Videoconferencing BT: Computer graphics USE: Teleconferencing RT: Image databases Image processing Videophone systems Multimedia computing UF: Picture phones Picturephones Video sharing BT: Communication systems BT: Information retrieval RT: Image communication RT: Internet Telephony Multimedia Web sites Visual communication NT: MySpace Videos Video sharing Web sites UF: Multimedia products USE: Multimedia Web sites BT: Video equipment Video recording Video signal processing NT: Video description BT: Multidimensional signal processing Videotex RT: Authentication UF: Viewdata This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 556 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Communication systems USE: Virtual manufacturing Information services RT: Data communication Virtual groups Teletext UF: Virtual teams BT: Collaboration Viewdata USE: Videotex Virtual machine monitors UF: Hypervisors Vimeo VMMs USE: Multimedia Web sites BT: Computers and information processing Virology RT: Platform virtualization BT: Microbiology RT: Epidemics Virtual machines Viruses (medical) USE: Virtual machining

Virtual artifact Virtual machining BT: Artificial intelligence UF: Virtual machines Brain BT: Machining Digital systems Virtual manufacturing Virtual reality RT: Software defined networking Virtual assistants Virtual prototyping UF: Alexa Virtual reality Bixby Cortana Virtual manufacturing Siri UF: Digital factories BT: Computer applications Virtual factories RT: Smart devices BT: Computer applications RT: CADCAM Virtual colonoscopy Computer integrated BT: Colonoscopy manufacturing Concurrent engineering Virtual currency Research and development USE: Online banking Virtual enterprises Virtual prototyping Virtual enterprises Virtual reality BT: Computer applications NT: Virtual machining Data processing Economics Virtual office Operations research USE: Teleworking RT: Electronic commerce Internet Virtual private networks Research and development UF: VPN Virtual manufacturing BT: Computer networks Virtual reality RT: Data security Internet Virtual environments Local area networks BT: Virtual reality Wide area networks RT: Internet of Things NT: Extranets Management information base Virtual prototyping NT: Virtualization BT: Design methodology RT: Product development Virtual factories Prototypes This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 557 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Rapid prototyping USE: Credit cards Research and development Virtual machining Viscera Virtual manufacturing BT: Body regions Virtual reality Viscosity Virtual reality BT: Fluids BT: Computer graphics Measurement Graphics Resistance RT: 3D audio RT: Navier-Stokes equations Affordances Rheology Cyberspace Digital representation Visible light communication Digital transformation UF: VLC Digital twin BT: Data communication Immersive audio Optical fiber communication Mixed reality RT: Light emitting diodes Solid modeling Light fidelity Virtual enterprises Lighting Virtual machining Virtual manufacturing Vision Virtual prototyping USE: IEEE mission and vision Virtualization NT: Augmented reality Vision (biological) Augmented virtuality USE: Visual systems Avatars Cybersickness Vision Based Robot Control Extended reality USE: Visual servoing Immersive experience Virtual artifact Vision defects Virtual environments UF: Amblyopia X reality Color blindness Myopia Virtual teams BT: Visual systems USE: Virtual groups Vision sensors Virtualization BT: Sensors BT: Virtual environments RT: Image processing RT: Software defined networking Vision systems (nonbiological) Virtual reality USE: Machine vision

Viruses (computer) Visual USE: Computer viruses USE: Visualization

Viruses (medical) Visual analytics BT: Microorganisms UF: Video analytics RT: Virology BT: Visualization NT: Coronaviruses RT: Information representation Influenza Visual BASIC Viruses (microorganisms) BT: Computer languages USE: Microorganisms RT: Software engineering Software tools Visa gold System software This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 558 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Animation Visual communication Design tools BT: Communication systems Educational technology RT: Image communication Image forensics Image resolution NT: Curve fitting TV Surface reconstruction Videophone systems Visual analytics Visual effects Visual databases UF: Moving object databases Viterbi algorithm BT: Databases BT: Algorithms RT: Dynamic programming Visual effects Information theory BT: Visualization Mathematics RT: Animation Multiaccess communication Computer graphics Probability Speaker recognition Visual odometry Stochastic processes BT: Computer vision Turbo codes Robots Vitrification Visual perception BT: Chemical technology BT: Visual systems RT: Radioactive waste disposal

Visual prostheses Vivaldi antennas USE: Visual prosthesis UF: Vivaldi-antennas BT: Broadband antennas Visual prosthesis UF: Electronic visual prosthesis Vivaldi-antennas Visual prostheses USE: Vivaldi antennas BT: Prosthetics RT: Blindness VLC USE: Visible light communication Visual servoing UF: Vision Based Robot Control VLIW BT: Motion control UF: Very long instruction word Robot vision systems Very-long-instruction-word BT: Central Processing Unit Visual systems UF: Vision (biological) VLSI BT: Sense organs USE: Very large scale integration RT: Head Machine vision VMMs Saliency detection USE: Virtual machine monitors NT: Vision defects Visual perception Vocabulary BT: Information retrieval Visualisation RT: Ranking (statistics) USE: Visualization Vocational training Visualization UF: NVQ UF: Visual National vocational Visualisation qualification BT: Computer graphics BT: Training Graphics RT: Industrial training This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 559 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Multiskilling Volcanic ash BT: Volcanoes Vocoders RT: Ash BT: Communication equipment Telephone equipment Volcano RT: Speech codecs USE: Volcanoes Speech coding Volcanoes Voice activity detection UF: Volcano UF: Speech activity detection BT: Geoscience Speech detection NT: Planetary volcanoes VAD Volcanic activity BT: Speech processing Volcanic ash RT: Speech coding Speech recognition Voltage Speech synthesis BT: Electric variables RT: Automatic voltage control Voice mail Capacitance-voltage BT: Message systems characteristics RT: Electronic mail Electrophysiology Office automation Phase frequency detectors Voltage control Voice over Internet protocol Voltage measurement USE: Internet telephony NT: Breakdown voltage Dynamic voltage scaling Voice over IP Threshold voltage USE: Internet telephony Voltage fluctuations

Voice print Voltage breakdown USE: Spectrogram USE: Dielectric breakdown

Voice response systems Voltage control USE: Speech synthesis UF: Voltage mode control Voltage regulation Voice tract Voltage-mode control USE: Larynx BT: Electric variables control RT: Electric current control Voice-over-Internet protocol Limiting USE: Internet telephony Motor drives On load tap changers Voicegram Phase frequency detectors USE: Spectrogram Power distribution control Power factor correction Voiceprint Reactive power control USE: Spectrogram Regulators Three-phase electric power VOIP Voltage USE: Internet telephony Voltage multipliers NT: Automatic voltage control Volatile organic compounds BT: Organic compounds Voltage controlled oscillators USE: Voltage-controlled Volcanic activity oscillators BT: Volcanoes Voltage fluctuations This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 560 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Voltage Voltage-source convertors RT: Power systems BT: Converters Power conversion Voltage measurement RT: AC-DC power converters BT: Electric variables HVDC transmission measurement Power electronics RT: Automatic voltage control Pulse width modulation Potentiometers converters Voltage Voltage transformers Voltage-source convertors Voltmeters USE: Voltage-source converters NT: Low voltage Medium voltage Voltmeters BT: Meters Voltage mode control RT: Voltage measurement USE: Voltage control Volume estimation Voltage multipliers USE: Volume measurement BT: Circuits RT: AC-DC power converters Volume measurement Charge pumps UF: Volume estimation Particle accelerators BT: Mechanical variables Rectifiers measurement Transformers RT: Size measurement Voltage control NT: Capacitors Volume relaxation Diodes BT: Mechanical factors

Voltage regulation Volunteer computing USE: Voltage control USE: Computer applications AND Distributed processing Voltage sags USE: Power quality Vortices, optical USE: Optical vortices Voltage source inverters BT: Inverters Voting BT: Government Voltage transformers NT: Electronic voting UF: Potential transformers BT: Instrument transformers VPN RT: Voltage measurement USE: Virtual private networks

Voltage-controlled oscillators VPU UF: VCO USE: Graphics processing units Voltage controlled oscillators VSC BT: Oscillators USE: Voltage-source converters

Voltage-mode control VTR USE: Voltage control USE: Video recording

Voltage-source converters W3C UF: Modular multi-level UF: World Wide Web converters Consortium VSC BT: Standards organizations This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 561 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Washing machines W3C Standards BT: Electric machines BT: Standards publications Electrical products Home appliances Wafer bonding Home automation BT: Bonding processes Semiconductor device Waste compaction manufacture USE: Waste reduction

Wafer level packaging Waste disposal USE: Wafer scale integration BT: Waste management RT: Effluents Wafer scale integration Pollution UF: Wafer level packaging Radioactive waste Wafer-level packaging Sanitary engineering BT: Circuits Slag Integrated circuits NT: Incineration Large scale integration Radioactive waste disposal Very large scale integration Waste electrical and electronic equipment Wafer-level packaging USE: Electronic waste USE: Wafer scale integration Waste handling Walking BT: Waste management USE: Legged locomotion RT: Radioactive waste disposal Waste reduction WAMS NT: Sewage treatment USE: Wide area measurements Sludge treatment Waste handling equipment WAN Wastewater treatment USE: Wide area networks Waste handling equipment WANs BT: Waste handling USE: Wide area networks RT: Materials handling equipment WAP Remote handling USE: Wireless access points equipment AND Wireless application Waste heat protocol BT: Energy conversion RT: Boilers Warehousing Cogeneration BT: Material storage Energy conservation RT: Production facilities Industrial waste Stacking Thermal pollution Storage automation Waste incineration Warning systems USE: Incineration USE: Alarm systems Waste management Warranties BT: Environmental UF: Product warranties management Product warranty RT: Biodegradation BT: Product liability Effluents Production management This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 562 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Radioactive waste Sanitary engineering Sanitary engineering Sludge treatment Slag Waste management Waste materials Wastewater Wastewater treatment Water conservation NT: Waste disposal Water pollution Waste handling NT: Ozonation Waste recovery Waste reduction Watches BT: Clocks Waste materials RT: Consumer products UF: Refuse Time measurement Solid waste BT: Materials Water RT: Fuels UF: H2O Radioactive pollution BT: Liquids Sanitary engineering RT: Hydrodynamics Waste management Hydrologic measurements Waste recovery Hydrology Water pollution Lakes NT: Effluents Oceans Electronic waste Reservoirs Food waste Rivers Industrial waste Steam engines Radioactive waste Wastewater Slurries Water heating Wastewater Water pollution Water resources Waste recovery Water splitting BT: Waste management Water storage RT: Waste materials Wetlands Waste reduction NT: Water quality

Waste reduction Water conservation UF: Waste compaction UF: Water recycling BT: Waste management BT: Environmental RT: Design for disassembly management Waste handling RT: Wastewater treatment Waste recovery Water resources NT: Compaction Water storage NT: Desalination Wastewater BT: Waste materials Water heating RT: Industrial waste BT: Heating systems Sanitary engineering RT: Water Sludge treatment Wastewater treatment Water jet cutting Water UF: Abrasive water jet cutting Water pollution BT: Cutting tools Water pumps Water monitoring Wastewater treatment BT: Monitoring UF: Dissolved air flotation Water resources BT: Waste handling RT: Rubber products Water pollution This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 563 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Oceanic engineering and Water storage marine technology BT: Material storage Pollution RT: Crops RT: Effluents Lakes Industrial pollution Land use planning Lakes Water Oils Water conservation Rivers NT: Dams Sanitary engineering Reservoirs Sewage treatment Thermal pollution Water trees Waste materials USE: Trees - insulation Wastewater Wastewater treatment Watermark Water USE: Watermarking Water quality Water resources Watermarking NT: Marine pollution UF: Audio watermarking Digital watermarking Water pumps Image watermarking BT: Pumps Watermark RT: Automotive components BT: Security Cooling RT: Embossing Hydraulic equipment Internet of Things Irrigation Photovoltaic systems Watt hour meters Wastewater USE: Watthour meters

Water quality Watt-hour meters BT: Water USE: Watthour meters RT: Water pollution Watthour meters Water recycling UF: Watt hour meters USE: Water conservation Watt-hour meters BT: Meters Water resources RT: Energy measurement BT: Environmental management Wattmeters RT: Lakes BT: Meters Remote sensing RT: Power measurement Rivers Water WAVE Water conservation USE: Wireless Access in Water pollution Vehicular Environments NT: Desalination Reservoirs Wave diffraction Water monitoring USE: Diffraction

Water splitting Wave energy conversion BT: Chemical processes UF: Wave energy converters RT: Chemical reactors BT: Energy conversion Hydrogen Hydroelectric power Photochemistry generation Water Wave energy converters This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 564 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Wave energy conversion Waveguide junctions BT: Junctions Wave equations USE: Propagation Waveguide lasers BT: Electromagnetic Wave functions waveguides BT: Waves RT: Lasers RT: Conformal mapping NT: Substrate integrated Elementary particle waveguides exchange interactions Functional analysis Waveguide obstacles NT: Wavelet analysis USE: Waveguide discontinuities Wavelet domain Waveguide theory Wave power UF: Guided electromagnetic BT: Energy resources wave propagation Ocean waves BT: Electromagnetic RT: Renewable energy sources waveguides RT: Antennas Wave propagation Conformal mapping USE: Propagation Mathematics Mode matching methods Wave scattering Waveguide components USE: Scattering Waveguide discontinuities Waveguide transitions Waveform analysis USE: Signal analysis Waveguide transitions BT: Waveguide discontinuities Waveform generators RT: Waveguide theory USE: Signal generators Wavelength assignment Waveguide components BT: Optical fiber networks BT: Electromagnetic waveguides Wavelength conversion RT: Circulators BT: Optical fibers Conformal mapping RT: Wavelength converters Gap waveguide Helical antennas Wavelength converters Waveguide theory UF: Wavelength convertors NT: Optical waveguides BT: Converters Power combiners RT: Wavelength conversion Power dividers Wavelength convertors Waveguide discontinuities USE: Wavelength converters UF: Irises Waveguide obstacles Wavelength division multiplexed BT: Transmission line USE: Wavelength division discontinuities multiplexing RT: Electromagnetic waveguides Wavelength division multiplexing Loaded waveguides UF: WDM Waveguide theory Wavelength division NT: Reflection coefficient multiplexed Waveguide transitions Wavelength-division multiplexing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 565 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Multiplexing RT: Acoustic propagation RT: Bragg gratings Acoustic scattering Multicast communication Electromagnetic NT: WDM networks propagation Electromagnetic radiation Wavelength measurement Electromagnetic scattering BT: Measurement Time-domain analysis RT: Acoustic measurements NT: Atmospheric waves Electromagnetic Berry phase measurements Doppler effect Frequency measurement Electrodynamics Hyperspectral sensors Magnetostatic waves Optical variables Matter waves measurement Plasma waves Propagation Wavelength routing Reflectivity BT: Routing Seismic waves Shock waves Wavelength-division multiplexing Solitons USE: Wavelength division Surface acoustic waves multiplexing Wave functions

Wavelet analysis WDM BT: Wave functions USE: Wavelength division RT: Wavelet transforms multiplexing NT: Multiresolution analysis WDM networks Wavelet coefficients BT: Wavelength division BT: Wavelet transforms multiplexing

Wavelet domain Weapons BT: Wave functions UF: Bomb Munitions Wavelet neural networks Ordinance USE: Neural networks BT: Military equipment RT: Defense industry Wavelet packets Electronic countermeasures BT: Wavelet transforms Terrorism NT: Guns Wavelet transforms Missiles BT: Transforms Nuclear weapons RT: Harmonic analysis Projectiles Signal analysis Signal processing Wearable computers Signal representation UF: Body borne computers Wavelet analysis Wearable Health Monitoring NT: Biorthogonal modulation System Continuous wavelet Wearable computing transforms Wearable devices Discrete wavelet transforms Wearable electronics Wavelet coefficients Wearables Wavelet packets BT: Computers Pervasive computing Waves RT: Fall detection BT: Physics Smart textiles This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 566 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Soft electronics Web 2.0 NT: Smart glasses BT: Internet

Wearable computing Web and internet services USE: Wearable computers UF: Baidu Internet services Wearable devices BT: Web services USE: Wearable computers Web browsers Wearable electronics USE: Browsers USE: Wearable computers Web cams Wearable Health Monitoring System USE: Webcams USE: Wearable computers Web design Wearable robots UF: Web site design UF: Hardsuit BT: Web sites Powered armor RT: Authoring systems Powered exoskeleton Content management BT: Robots Software design RT: Assistive technology User interfaces Biomechanics NT: Web page design Human-robot interaction Web pages Medical robotics Military equipment Web filters Mobile robots USE: Information filters Orthotics Prosthetics Web mining Service robots BT: Data mining

Wearable sensors Web ontology language BT: Sensors USE: OWL

Wearables Web page design USE: Wearable computers BT: Web design

Weather Web pages USE: Meteorology BT: Web design

Weather forecasting Web real-time communications UF: Weather prediction USE: WebRTC BT: Meteorology NT: Wind forecasting Web robot USE: Bot (Internet) Weather prediction USE: Weather forecasting Web search BT: Search methods Weaving RT: Metasearch BT: Textile technology NT: Crawlers RT: Cotton Fabrics Web servers Textile fibers BT: Servers Textile industry Web services Textiles Web services This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 567 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

BT: Internet Video recording Middleware RT: Web services RT: Asynchronous communication Webinars Cloud computing BT: Seminars Service computing Webcams WebRTC NT: Mashups UF: Web real-time Message service communications Service-oriented BT: Application programming architecture interfaces Simple object access Real-time systems protocol Web services WS-BPEL Web TV WeChat Web and internet services USE: Message service AND Web servers Social networking (online) WebRTC WEEE Web services business process execution USE: Electronic waste language USE: WS-BPEL Weibo USE: Blogs Web site design USE: Web design Weibull distribution BT: Statistical distributions Web sites RT: Failure analysis UF: Reddit Probability BT: Computer applications Reliability engineering Information retrieval Statistics RT: Computer networks Content management Weibull fading channels Extranets BT: Fading channels Internet Portals Weight control Social networking (online) BT: Mechanical variables Wikipedia control World Wide Web NT: Multimedia Web sites Weight measurement MySpace BT: Mechanical variables Uniform resource locators measurement Web design Welding Web television BT: Fabrication USE: Web TV Joining processes RT: Bonding processes Web TV Brazing UF: Web television Fasteners BT: Broadcasting Manufacturing TV Materials processing Web services NT: Spot welding

Webcams Well logging UF: Web cams BT: Geophysics BT: Cameras Petroleum industry This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 568 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

RT: Oil drilling RT: Action potentials Seismology Axons Brain Wet etching Learning systems BT: Etching White noise Wetlands BT: Noise BT: Ecosystems RT: AWGN channels Geoscience Music RT: Hydrology Random number Lakes generation Rivers NT: AWGN Water White spaces Whale optimization algorithms BT: Radio spectrum BT: Algorithms management RT: Biomimetics Whitelists Whales BT: Information filters BT: Marine animals RT: Access control Blacklisting WhatsApp Countermeasures USE: Freeware AND (computer) Internet telephony Electronic mail

Wheelchairs Whole body imaging BT: Assistive technology BT: Biomedical image processing Wheels BT: Mechanical products Whole-body PET RT: Automobile manufacture BT: Positron emission Automotive components tomography Automotive engineering Axles wi-fi Flanges USE: Wireless fidelity Machine components Manufacturing Wi-Fi 6 Production USE: IEEE 802.11ax Standard Steering systems Structural plates Wi-Max Tires USE: WiMAX

Whispering gallery modes Wide area measurement systems UF: Whispering-gallery modes USE: Wide area measurements BT: Optics RT: Microcavities Wide area measurements UF: WAMS Whispering-gallery modes Wide area measurement USE: Whispering gallery modes systems Wide-area measurement White blood cells systems BT: Blood Wide-area measurements BT: Measurement White matter BT: Central nervous system Wide area networks This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 569 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

UF: WAN Internet WANs Web sites BT: Communication systems Computer networks Wikis RT: Electronic learning USE: Wikipedia Frame relay IEEE 802.3 Standard Wild fires Internetworking USE: Fires LAN interconnection Multiprocessor Wildfires interconnection USE: Fires Open systems Protocols Wildlife Token networks BT: Animals Virtual private networks WiMax Wide band gap semiconductors USE: WiMAX BT: Semiconductor materials RT: Gallium alloys Wimax Silicon compounds USE: WiMAX

Wide-area measurement systems WiMAX USE: Wide area measurements UF: Wi-Max WiMax Wide-area measurements Wimax USE: Wide area measurements Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access Wideband BT: Wireless communication BT: Bandwidth RT: IEEE 802.16 Standard Communication systems RT: Narrowband Winches BT: Materials handling Wideband amplifiers equipment USE: Broadband amplifiers RT: Cables Lifting equipment Wideband antennas USE: Broadband antennas Wind BT: Meteorology Wiener filters RT: Sea surface BT: Noise reduction Wind energy Wind power generation wifi NT: Wind forecasting USE: Wireless fidelity Wind speed Wind stress Wiggler magnets USE: Undulators Wind energy UF: Wind-energy WiGig BT: Energy resources USE: IEEE 802.11 Standard RT: Turbines Wind Wikipedia Wind forecasting UF: Wikis Wind power generation BT: Information services Wind turbines RT: Collaboration NT: Wind energy conversion Encyclopedias This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 570 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Wind energy conversion Wind BT: Energy conversion RT: Wind speed Wind energy Wind power generation Wind tunnels BT: Aerospace testing Wind energy generation Test facilities BT: Power generation RT: Aerodynamics RT: Wind forecasting Aerospace simulation Wind turbines NT: Wind energy integration Wind turbines BT: Turbines Wind energy integration RT: Doubly fed induction UF: Wind integration generators Wind power grid integration Wind energy BT: Power systems Wind energy generation Wind energy generation Wind forecasting RT: Power grids Wind-energy Wind farm USE: Wind energy USE: Wind farms Windings Wind farms UF: Transformer windings UF: Wind farm BT: Electromagnetic fields BT: Energy resources RT: AC machines Coils Wind forecasting Electric machines BT: Weather forecasting Magnetic circuits Wind Power transformers RT: Wind energy Rotating machines Wind energy generation Transformers Wind turbines NT: Machine windings

Wind integration Windows USE: Wind energy integration BT: Building materials Manufactured products Wind power RT: Glass products USE: Wind power generation Vents

Wind power generation Windscreen wipers UF: Wind power USE: Automotive components BT: Power generation RT: Turbogenerators Windscreens Wind USE: Automotive components Wind energy NT: Wind energy conversion Windshield wipers USE: Automotive components Wind power grid integration USE: Wind energy integration Windshields USE: Automotive components Wind speed BT: Wind Windup RT: Wind stress BT: Feedback control

Wind stress Wine industry BT: Stress BT: Industry applications This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 571 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

NT: Wineries IEEE 802.11 Standard IEEE 802.11p Standard Wineries IEEE 802.22 Standard BT: Wine industry Inductive charging Light fidelity Wire Location awareness BT: Materials Long Term Evolution RT: Communication cables Machine-to-machine Conductors communications Wiring Mobile applications Paging systems Wire drawing Reconfigurable intelligent BT: Wires surfaces RT: Manufacturing Regional area networks Production Wireless LAN Wireless fidelity Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments NT: Cognitive radio UF: WAVE Cooperative communication BT: Wireless networks Dedicated short range RT: IEEE 802.11p Standard communication Intelligent vehicles GSM Open wireless architecture Wireless access networks Point-to-multipoint USE: Wireless networks communications Roaming Wireless access points Smart devices UF: WAP Spatial diversity BT: Computer networks WRAN Hardware WiMAX Mobile computing Wireless access points Wireless communication Wireless application RT: IEEE 802.11 Standard protocol Routing protocols Wireless networks Wireless LAN Wireless fidelity Wireless energy transmission USE: Wireless power transfer Wireless ad hoc network USE: Mobile ad hoc networks Wireless fidelity UF: wi-fi Wireless application protocol wifi UF: WAP BT: Wireless LAN BT: Protocols RT: IEEE 802.11 Standard Wireless communication Light fidelity Radio frequency Wireless cellular systems Wireless access points BT: Wireless networks Wireless communication

Wireless charging Wireless handheld devices USE: Inductive charging USE: Handheld computers

Wireless communication Wireless LAN UF: Wireless systems UF: Radio LAN BT: Communication systems WLAN RT: Bluetooth Wireless Metropolitan Area Dynamic spectrum access Networks This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 572 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Wireless local area UF: Wireless energy networks transmission BT: Local area networks BT: Wireless power RT: Ad hoc networks transmission Bluetooth Butler matrices Wireless power transmission IEEE 802.11 Standard BT: Power transmission IEEE 802.11e Standard RT: Conductors IEEE 802.11g Standard Wireless networks IEEE 802.11n Standard NT: Wireless power transfer IEEE 802.15 Standard LAN interconnection Wireless regional area networks Personal area networks USE: WRAN Radio communication Time-varying channels Wireless security Wireless access points USE: Communication system Wireless communication security Wireless sensor networks NT: Light fidelity Wireless sensor networks Wireless fidelity UF: Underwater sensor networks Wireless local area networks BT: Communication systems USE: Wireless LAN Vehicular and wireless technologies Wireless mesh networks RT: Ad hoc networks BT: Communication systems Cyber-physical systems RT: Wireless sensor networks Distributed vision networks Edge computing Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks Internet of Things USE: Wireless LAN Machine-to-machine communications Wireless networks Microsensors UF: Wireless access networks Nanocommunication BT: Wireless communication (telecommunication) RT: Acoustic communication Sensors (telecommunication) Wireless LAN IEEE 802.11p Standard Wireless mesh networks IEEE 802.22 Standard NT: Body sensor networks Nanocommunication Event detection (telecommunication) WRAN Wireless systems Wireless power USE: Wireless communication transmission NT: AODV Wires Self-organizing networks BT: Structural shapes Wireless Access in RT: Nanowires Vehicular Environments Springs Wireless cellular systems NT: Wire drawing

Wireless personal area networks Wiring UF: WPAN BT: Electric variables BT: Personal area networks RT: Building services Cables Wireless power transfer Conductors Layout This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 573 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Metallization BT: Office automation Printed circuits Wire Workflow management system USE: Workflow management WLAN software USE: Wireless LAN Working conditions Wolfram USE: Employee welfare USE: Tungsten Working environment noise Women's issues UF: Environmental noise USE: Gender issues BT: Acoustic noise RT: Ergonomics Wood alcohol Hazards USE: Methanol Occupational health Occupational safety Wood industry BT: Industries Workplace RT: Forestry USE: Employment Pulp and paper industry Pulp manufacturing Workshops USE: Conferences Wood naphtha USE: Methanol Workstation clusters USE: Cluster computing Wood poles USE: Poles and towers Workstations BT: Microcomputers Wood spirits RT: Cluster computing USE: Methanol Computer displays Computer graphics Wool Peer-to-peer computing BT: Agricultural products Textiles World Wide Web RT: Clothing UF: WWW Fabrics BT: Computer applications Natural fibers RT: Cyberspace Textile fibers Internet Yarn Web sites NT: Bot (Internet) Word cloud Mashups USE: Tag clouds World Wide Web Consortium Word processing USE: W3C USE: Text processing Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access Work-place USE: WiMAX USE: Employment Worm gears Workability USE: Gears BT: Mechanical factors Worms Workflow management software USE: Grippers UF: Workflow management system Worms (computer) This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 574 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

USE: Computer worms USE: Handwriting recognition

Wounds WS-BPEL BT: Injuries UF: Web services business process execution language Woven fabric composites BT: Computer languages USE: Fabrics Web services RT: Business process re- WPAN engineering USE: Wireless personal area Information processing networks WWW WRAN USE: World Wide Web UF: Wireless regional area networks WWW robot BT: Regional area networks USE: Bot (Internet) Wireless communication RT: IEEE 802.22 Standard X reality Wireless networks UF: Cross reality XR Wrapping BT: Augmented reality BT: Packaging Virtual reality RT: Packaging machines X-ray applications Wrist BT: X-rays BT: Arms RT: Collimators Phantoms Writing X-ray detection UF: Business writing NT: X-ray imaging Engineering writing X-ray lasers Report writing Technical reports X-ray detection Technical writing BT: X-rays BT: Professional RT: Diagnostic radiography communication Diffraction RT: Manuals Electromagnetic radiation Proposals Phantoms NT: Abstracts Radiography Bibliographies X-ray applications Biographies X-ray detectors Dictionaries X-ray imaging Documentation Grammar X-ray detectors Readability metrics BT: Ionizing radiation sensors Resumes RT: Crystallography Reviews Electromagnetic radiation Thesauri Gamma-ray detectors Radiation detectors Written character recognition X-ray detection USE: Handwriting recognition X-ray imaging X-rays Written characters USE: Handwriting recognition X-ray diffraction BT: Electromagnetic diffraction Written-character recognition This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 575 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

X-ray imaging BT: X-ray applications XR RT: Gamma-ray detectors USE: X reality Phantoms Radiography XRD X-ray detection USE: X-ray scattering X-ray detectors NT: Plasma x-ray sources XSS USE: Cross-site scripting X-ray lasers BT: Lasers Y-Ba-Cu-O X-ray applications USE: Yttrium barium copper RT: Plasma x-ray sources oxide X-rays Yachts X-ray lithography USE: Boats BT: Lithography Yagi-Uda antennas X-ray scattering BT: Antennas UF: XRD BT: X-rays Yarn BT: Textile fibers X-ray tomography RT: Wool BT: X-rays YBa2Cu3O7 X-rays USE: Yttrium barium copper BT: Medical services oxide RT: Collimators Electromagnetic radiation YBCO Synchrotron radiation USE: Yttrium barium copper Undulators oxide X-ray detectors X-ray lasers Yield estimate NT: X-ray applications USE: Yield estimation X-ray detection X-ray scattering Yield estimation X-ray tomography UF: Yield estimate BT: Estimation X3D RT: Circuit analysis BT: Computer graphics Crops Three-dimensional displays Microprocessor chips RT: ISO Standards Young modulus Xenon USE: Young's modulus BT: Gases Young's modulus Xerography UF: Young modulus USE: Electrophotography BT: Solids

XML Youtube UF: Automatic Test Markup USE: Multimedia Web sites Language Extensible Markup Ytterbium Language BT: Chemical elements BT: Markup languages This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 576 2021 IEEE Thesaurus

Yttrium Zigbee BT: Chemical elements BT: Radio communication Metals RT: Automation NT: Yttrium compounds Biomedical equipment Bluetooth Yttrium barium copper oxide IEEE 802.15 Standard UF: Y-Ba-Cu-O Personal area networks YBCO Personal communication YBa2Cu3O7 networks BT: High-temperature Smoke detectors superconductors Yttrium compounds Zinc RT: Barium compounds UF: Zn BT: Metals Yttrium compounds NT: Zinc compounds BT: Yttrium RT: Alloying Zinc compounds NT: Yttrium barium copper BT: Zinc oxide NT: Zinc oxide

ZCS Zinc oxide USE: Zero current switching UF: ZnO BT: Zinc compounds Zero correlation zone NT: Indium gallium zinc oxide BT: Codes Multiaccess communication ZINDO Sequential analysis USE: Computational modeling

Zero current switching Zip fasteners UF: ZCS USE: Fasteners Zero-current switching BT: Switching circuits Zirconium RT: Inverters BT: Chemical elements Switching converters Zn Zero knowledge proof USE: Zinc BT: Cryptography Protocols ZnO USE: Zinc oxide Zero voltage switching UF: ZVS Zoology Zero-voltage switching BT: Biology BT: Switching circuits NT: Animals RT: Inverters Entomology Switching converters ZVS Zero-current switching USE: Zero voltage switching USE: Zero current switching

Zero-voltage switching USE: Zero voltage switching

Zeros USE: Poles and zeros

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Created by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for the benefit of humanity. Page 577