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UMNP Mountains Manual 2017
Mountain Adventures Manual utahmasternaturalist.org June 2017 UMN/Manual/2017-03pr Welcome to Utah Master Naturalist! Utah Master Naturalist was developed to help you initiate or continue your own personal journey to increase your understanding of, and appreciation for, Utah’s amazing natural world. We will explore and learn aBout the major ecosystems of Utah, the plant and animal communities that depend upon those systems, and our role in shaping our past, in determining our future, and as stewards of the land. Utah Master Naturalist is a certification program developed By Utah State University Extension with the partnership of more than 25 other organizations in Utah. The mission of Utah Master Naturalist is to develop well-informed volunteers and professionals who provide education, outreach, and service promoting stewardship of natural resources within their communities. Our goal, then, is to assist you in assisting others to develop a greater appreciation and respect for Utah’s Beautiful natural world. “When we see the land as a community to which we belong, we may begin to use it with love and respect.” - Aldo Leopold Participating in a Utah Master Naturalist course provides each of us opportunities to learn not only from the instructors and guest speaKers, But also from each other. We each arrive at a Utah Master Naturalist course with our own rich collection of knowledge and experiences, and we have a unique opportunity to share that Knowledge with each other. This helps us learn and grow not just as individuals, but together as a group with the understanding that there is always more to learn, and more to share. -
Ayahuasca: Spiritual Pharmacology & Drug Interactions
Ayahuasca: Spiritual Pharmacology & Drug Interactions BENJAMIN MALCOLM, PHARMD, MPH [email protected] MARCH 28 TH 2017 AWARE PROJECT Can Science be Spiritual? “Science is not only compatible with spirituality; it is a profound source of spirituality. When we recognize our place in an immensity of light years and in the passage of ages, when we grasp the intricacy, beauty and subtlety of life, then that soaring feeling, that sense of elation and humility combined, is surely spiritual. The notion that science and spirituality are somehow mutually exclusive does a disservice to both.” – Carl Sagan Disclosures & Disclaimers No conflicts of interest to disclose – I don’t get paid by pharma and have no potential to profit directly from ayahuasca This presentation is for information purposes only, none of the information presented should be used in replacement of medical advice or be considered medical advice This presentation is not an endorsement of illicit activity Presentation Outline & Objectives Describe what is known regarding ayahuasca’s pharmacology Outline adverse food and drug combinations with ayahuasca as well as strategies for risk management Provide an overview of spiritual pharmacology and current clinical data supporting potential of ayahuasca for treatment of mental illness Pharmacology Terms Drug ◦ Term used synonymously with substance or medicine in this presentation and in pharmacology ◦ No offense intended if I call your medicine or madre a drug! Bioavailability ◦ The amount of a drug that enters the body and is able to have an active effect ◦ Route specific: bioavailability is different between oral, intranasal, inhalation (smoked), and injected routes of administration (IV, IM, SC) Half-life (T ½) ◦ The amount of time it takes the body to metabolize/eliminate 50% of a drug ◦ E.g. -
The Migraine Attack As a Homeostatic, Neuroprotective Response to Brain Oxidative Stress: Preliminary Evidence for a Theory
ISSN 0017-8748 Headache doi: 10.1111/head.13214 VC 2017 American Headache Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Views and Perspectives The Migraine Attack as a Homeostatic, Neuroprotective Response to Brain Oxidative Stress: Preliminary Evidence for a Theory Jonathan M. Borkum, PhD Background.—Previous research has suggested that migraineurs show higher levels of oxidative stress (lipid peroxides) between migraine attacks and that migraine triggers may further increase brain oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is trans- duced into a neural signal by the TRPA1 ion channel on meningeal pain receptors, eliciting neurogenic inflammation, a key event in migraine. Thus, migraines may be a response to brain oxidative stress. Results.—In this article, a number of migraine components are considered: cortical spreading depression, platelet acti- vation, plasma protein extravasation, endothelial nitric oxide synthesis, and the release of serotonin, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Evidence is presented from in vitro research and animal and human studies of ischemia suggesting that each component has neuroprotective functions, decreasing oxidant production, upregulating antioxidant enzymes, stimulating neurogenesis, preventing apoptosis, facilitating mitochondrial biogenesis, and/or releasing growth factors in the brain. Feedback loops between these components are described. Limitations and challenges to the model are discussed. Conclusions.—The theory is presented that migraines are an integrated -
PMA-Sio2: Heteropolyacid Catalysis for Michael Addition-Convenient Route to Substituted-3-Indoles
Available online at www.derpharmachemica.com ISSN 0975-413X Der Pharma Chemica, 2017, 9(13):112-117 CODEN (USA): PCHHAX (http://www.derpharmachemica.com/archive.html) PMA-SiO2: Heteropolyacid Catalysis for Michael Addition-Convenient Route to Substituted-3-Indoles Vijay Kumar Pasala* Deapartment of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India ABSTRACT Synthesis of 3-substituted indoles in a hassel-free, ecofriendly manner by treating indoles with α, β-unsaturated carbonyl or nitro compounds under acidic conditions to give good to excellent yields with shorter reaction durations are described. The catalyst is recyclable for three to four times without great loss in the activity. Keywords: Phosphomolybdic Acid (PMA), Substituted indoles, α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, α, β-unsaturated nitro compounds, Michael addition INTRODUCTION Heterocyclic chemistry is one of the quintessential branches of organic synthesis beaconing towards new scaffolds with medicinal values, new methodologies to the existing active principles etc. One among such skeletons is indole. It is perhaps the most common heterocycles in chemistry and its derivatives are obtained from coal pitch, variety of plants or by the bacterial decay of tryptophan in the intestine [1]. Indole derivatives serve as signaling chemicals in plants and animals, as nucleus building blocks (serotonin [2] (A) a crucial neurotransmitter in the central nervous system [3]), as antibacterial [4], antiviral [5], protein kinase inhibitors [6], anticancer agents [7], entheogens (psilocybin (B) causes perceptional changes), hormones (melatonin (C) regulates sleep and wakefulness), antidepressants (roxindole (D), bufotenin (E)), sumatriptan (F) for the treatment of migraine and ondansetron (G) for the suppression of nausea and vastly found in natural products such as alkaloids (Corynanthe, Iboga, and Aspidosperma alkaloids) [8-10], indigoids etc., which originate, either fully or partly, from bio-oxidation of indoles [11]. -
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug
pharmaceutics Review Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug–Drug Interactions of New Anti-Migraine Drugs—Lasmiditan, Gepants, and Calcitonin-Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Receptor Monoclonal Antibodies Danuta Szkutnik-Fiedler Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Pozna´nUniversity of Medical Sciences, Sw.´ Marii Magdaleny 14 St., 61-861 Pozna´n,Poland; [email protected] Received: 28 October 2020; Accepted: 30 November 2020; Published: 3 December 2020 Abstract: In the last few years, there have been significant advances in migraine management and prevention. Lasmiditan, ubrogepant, rimegepant and monoclonal antibodies (erenumab, fremanezumab, galcanezumab, and eptinezumab) are new drugs that were launched on the US pharmaceutical market; some of them also in Europe. This publication reviews the available worldwide references on the safety of these anti-migraine drugs with a focus on the possible drug–drug (DDI) or drug–food interactions. As is known, bioavailability of a drug and, hence, its pharmacological efficacy depend on its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, which may be altered by drug interactions. This paper discusses the interactions of gepants and lasmiditan with, i.a., serotonergic drugs, CYP3A4 inhibitors, and inducers or breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors. In the case of monoclonal antibodies, the issue of pharmacodynamic interactions related to the modulation of the immune system functions was addressed. It also focuses on the effect of monoclonal antibodies on expression of class Fc gamma receptors (FcγR). Keywords: migraine; lasmiditan; gepants; monoclonal antibodies; drug–drug interactions 1. Introduction Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by a repetitive, usually unilateral, pulsating headache with attacks typically lasting from 4 to 72 h. -
Triptans Step Therapy/Quantity Limit Criteria
Triptans Step Therapy/Quantity Limit Criteria Program may be implemented with the following options 1) step therapy 2) quantity limits or 3) step therapy with quantity limits For Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Illinois Option 1 (step therapy only) will apply. Brand Generic Dosage Form Amerge® naratriptan tablets Axert® almotriptan tablets Frova® frovatriptan tablets Imitrex® sumatriptan injection*, nasal spray, tablets* Maxalt® rizatriptan tablets Maxalt-MLT® rizatriptan tablets Relpax® eletriptan tablets Treximet™ sumatriptan and naproxen tablets Zomig® zolmitriptan tablets, nasal spray Zomig-ZMT® zolmitriptan tablets * generic available and included as target agent in quantity limit edit FDA APPROVED INDICATIONS1-7 The following information is taken from individual drug prescribing information and is provided here as background information only. Not all FDA-approved indications may be considered medically necessary. All criteria are found in the section “Prior Authorization Criteria for Approval.” Amerge® Tablets1, Axert® Tablets2, Frova® Tablets3,Imitrex® injection4, Imitrex Nasal Spray5, Imitrex Tablets6, Maxalt® Tablets7, Maxalt-MLT® Tablets7, Relpax® Tablets8, Treximet™ Tablets9, Zomig® Tablets10, Zomig-ZMT® Tablets10, and Zomig® Nasal Spray11 Amerge (naratriptan), Axert (almotriptan), Frova (frovatriptan), Imitrex (sumatriptan), Maxalt (rizatriptan), Maxalt-MLT (rizatriptan orally disintegrating), Relpax (eletriptan), Treximet (sumatriptan/naproxen), Zomig (zolmitriptan), and Zomig-ZMT (zolmitriptan orally disintegrating) tablets, and Imitrex (sumatriptan) and Zomig (zolmitriptan) nasal spray are all indicated for the acute treatment of migraine attacks with or without aura in adults. They are not intended for the prophylactic therapy of migraine or for use in the management of hemiplegic or basilar migraine. Safety and effectiveness of all of these products have not been established for cluster headache, which is present in an older, predominantly male population. -
European Patent Office of Opposition to That Patent, in Accordance with the Implementing Regulations
(19) TZZ _T (11) EP 2 666 772 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: C07D 409/04 (2006.01) C07D 209/16 (2006.01) 01.03.2017 Bulletin 2017/09 C07D 209/18 (2006.01) C07D 209/38 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 13173141.6 (22) Date of filing: 12.12.2003 (54) Synthesis of amines and intermediates for the synthesis thereof Synthese von Aminen und Zwischenverbindungen für die Synthese davon Synthèse d’amines et intermédiaires pour leur synthèse (84) Designated Contracting States: • DEMERSON C A ET AL: "ETODOLIC ACID AND AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR RELATED COMPOUNDS CHEMISTRY AND HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIONS OF SOME POTENT DI-AND TRISUBSTITUTED (30) Priority: 20.12.2002 EP 02406128 1,3,4,9-TETRAHYDROPYRANO not 3,4-B 3/4 INDOLE-I-ACETIC ACIDS", JOURNAL OF (43) Date of publication of application: MEDICINALCHEMISTRY, AMERICAN CHEMICAL 27.11.2013 Bulletin 2013/48 SOCIETY, vol. 19, no. 3, 1 March 1976 (1976-03-01), pages391-395, XP000940626, ISSN: (62) Document number(s) of the earlier application(s) in 0022-2623, DOI: 10.1021/JM00225A010 accordance with Art. 76 EPC: • HARUYASU ET ALL: "Possible metabolic 03799560.2 / 1 572 647 Intermediatesfrom IAA to beta-acid in Rice Bran", AGR. BIOL. CHEM., vol. 40, no. 12, 1976, pages (73) Proprietor: BASF SE 2465-2470, XP002714693, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein (DE) • SOLL R M ET AL: "Multigram preparation of 1,8-diethyl-7-hydroxy-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropy (72) Inventors: rano[3,4-b]indole-1-acetic acid, a phenolic • Berens, Ulrich metabolite of the analgesic and antiinflammatory 79589 Binzen (DE) agent etodolac", THE JOURNAL OF ORGANIC • Dosenbach, Oliver CHEMISTRY, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 79415 Bad Bellingen (DE) [NOT]ETC. -
Patient Information Leaflet
Package Leaflet: Information for the user Sumatriptan 50 mg film-coated tablets Sumatriptan 100 mg film-coated tablets sumatriptan Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start using this medicine because it contains important information for you. • Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again. • If you have any further questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist. • This medicine has been prescribed for you only. Do not pass it on to others. It may harm them, even if their signs of illness are the same as yours. • If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. See section 4. What is in this leaflet 1. What Sumatriptan tablet is and what it is used for 2. What you need to know before you use Sumatriptan tablet 3. How to use Sumatriptan tablet 4. Possible side effects 5. How to store Sumatriptan tablet 6. Contents of the pack and other information 1. What Sumatriptan tablet is and what it is used for Sumatriptan belongs to a group of medicines called serotonin receptor (5-HT1) agonists. Migraine headaches are thought to result from the dilatation of blood vessels. Sumatriptan constricts these blood vessels, thus relieving the migraine headache. Sumatriptan tablet is used to treat migraine attacks with or without aura (aura is a premonition usually connected with flashes of light, serrated images, stars or waves). 2. What you need to know before you use Sumatriptan tablet Do not use Sumatriptan tablet: - if you are allergic to sumatriptan or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6). -
Polar Bear Sightings at Antelope Island State Park- Water Temperatures at 27 Degrees
POLAR BEAR SIGHTINGS AT ANTELOPE ISLAND STATE PARK- WATER TEMPERATURES AT 27 DEGREES Utahns don crazy costumes and brave frigid air and water temperatures to raise funds for the Utah Special Olympics. DATE: Saturday, February 16 TIME: 10 a.m. LOCATION: Antelope Island State Park Marina Exit 332 off I-I5 Antelope Island State Park Assistant Manager Chris Haramoto reports water temperature at approximately 27 degrees. Due to salinity content, Great Salt Lake rarely freezes. Air temperature is expected to be near 40 degrees. Great Salt Lake State Marina hosts the 2008 Polar Plunge to benefit the Utah Special Olympics. Participants donate $25 for the privilege of jumping into the icy water, all to benefit a great cause. Wildlife viewing events for 2008 The DWR hosts several free wildlife-viewing events each year. The events provide a great opportunity for people to get outdoors and enjoy the state's wildlife! The events also provide great stories for the media and a chance to capture some awesome footage and photographs. More information is available in the latest Wildlife Review story titled "Get more than a glimpse -- Attend a Watchable Wildlife activity." Please click here to read the story: http://www.wildlife.utah.gov/wr/ Fishing volunteers still needed Training for adults who want to serve as volunteers in Utah's youth fishing clubs continues through mid-March. You can learn more by listening to the latest "Discover Utah Wildlife" radio shows. They're available at http://www.wildlife.utah.gov/radio/ . Big Game Hunters: You Can Still Apply for a Bonus Point or a Preference Point Applications accepted until Feb. -
Analysis of Algae-Vulnerable Lakes in Utah Using R Plotting Tools to Visualize Water Quality Data
Analysis of Algae-Vulnerable Lakes in Utah Using R Plotting Tools to Visualize Water Quality Data Sunayna Dasgupta and Aiswarya Rani Pappu Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Utah Abstract - Algae formation in water body is a direct B. CHL a quantification outcome of eutrophication. Eutrophication adversely Detection and quantification of chlorophyll a (CHL a) impacts the biological, physical, chemical and aesthetic has proven to be an effective way to assess the presence of components of a water body. It usually occurs due to algae in a water body [8]. Since algae have chlorophyll as increased rate of nutrient loading in the form of nitrogen their primary photosynthetic pigment, CHL a quantification and phosphorous. This study presents a comparative will provide useful information for measuring algal analysis of algae vulnerable lakes/waterbodies in Utah population density in a water body. Chlorophyll is the green State and categorize them based on Tropic State Index. pigment, which acts as an essential component to trap Keywords: eutrophication, algae, lakes sunlight and convert it to energy for metabolism. I. INTRODUCTION C. Algae vulnerable lakes in Utah A. Problem According to a recent report, three of Utah’s largest Algae are primarily aquatic, single or multicellular public drinking water systems, tap reservoirs, and twenty organisms containing chlorophyll. Examples of algae rivers have developed green biota in them. Utah Division of include: diatoms, green and red algae, and primitive Water Quality released a list of algae vulnerable water photosynthetic bacteria such as Cyanobacteria (blue green bodies [3]: algae). Algal biomass acts as one of the primary surface Huntington Creek* water quality criterion. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter &ce, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back o f the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Io5)nnaüon Company 300 North Zed) Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 LIQUID CRYSTAL AND HYDROPHILIC GEL MEDIA FOR IONTOPHORESIS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Manesh A. -
2016 Utah Angler Periodic Survey: Project Summary Report
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All In-stream Flows Material In-stream Flows 11-2017 2016 Utah Angler Periodic Survey: Project Summary Report R. J. Lilieholm Utah Division of Wildlife Resources J. M. Keating Utah Division of Wildlife Resources R. S. Krannich Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/instream_all Part of the Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Lilieholm, R. J.; Keating, J. M.; and Krannich, R. S., "2016 Utah Angler Periodic Survey: Project Summary Report" (2017). All In-stream Flows Material. Paper 10. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/instream_all/10 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the In-stream Flows at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All In-stream Flows Material by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 2016 Utah Angler Periodic Survey Project Summary Report Prepared by R.J. Lilieholm, J.M. Keating, and R.S. Krannich Utah Division of Wildlife Resources November 2017 Table of Contents Executive Summary ...............................................................................................................iv Section 1: Introduction ...........................................................................................................1 Background and Justification ............................................................................................1 Building on Past Angler Surveys ......................................................................................2