The Importance of National and International Zoo Cooperation

EDITORIAL L.C. Faulkne, Editorial e r Animal Care and Iatrogenic Animal Disease sci ntists, encou aged by a caring public, can develop technologies that accom e s Lloyd C. Faulkner, Editorial Advisory Board modat animal sen ibilities and also meet human needs. e r r e er The Importance of National and International Zoo latro enic diseas s a e caused_ by the h aler, o are associat d with th apy. _ � Medical Nemesis_ _ � r lv n Illich s 1llumrnated this p oblem in humans. Although vet Cooperation � e s r e e s errnary care 1s not th focu of conce n, the animal health probl ms addr s ed in Jeremy J.C. Mallinson, Editorial Advisory Board Animal achines e r r Ruth Harrison's � are th esult of animal ca e technologies. e r e r e r r both in e drug reactions ar Th mo e one is aware of the p oblems facing the animal kingdom Adver� a eal but relatively small iatrog nic isk for r r e e r e . s r and in captivity, the mo e one app eciat s that th long-te m futur of animal patient . Inappropriate drugs, or improper mixtu es or combinations of the wild e r s r r e e s e national as w ll as international coope a health haza ds that a e not adequately appr ciat d. Co metic captive populations reli s heavily on e drug are_ animal e e e s _ e r e r r s and the willingness of peopl who are sp su gery i more wid ly acknowledged as a cause of iat ogenic diseas , particula tion, the so ting out of r sponsibiliti e � re r r s e cializing in the b eding of th eatened and endange ed p cies to 'farm' th ly rn pets and show animals. r er e e s e r e the best inte est of the species conc ned. How ver, it is r c Mo t care-associat d animal diseases esult from th inappropriate applica- stocks available in e e e e s . r r r r e thes goal can only be achieved if zoo dir ctors mov toward tion 0� echnology coupled with a cont ibuto y apathy o nescience towa d th ogniz d that r r _ � e e e adopting th policies carried out by good I ivestock farme s by pooling thei ani sens1bilit1es_ f food animals. Th se afflictions becam common as socioeco r r e es re � e r e r e data banks that nomic ond1t1ons- placed d mands on more efficient meat p oduction. mal r sou c s, sharing thei husband y t chniqu and c ating � e er e e s r e s long term. Animal sci nti ts and veterina ians have been content with int n ive will help to guid and look aft th s e e e e r s e of th Jers y Wildlif P eservation Tru t is to establi h man�gem nt systems that neglect animal sensibilities and may compromise The chief objectiv re r r e r self-sustaining breeding populations of ra and en public health. These p oduction systems a e commonly link d intimately with under cont olled conditions r e r r e r danger d species. During the compa atively short life of the T ust, it has become the use of d ugs th�t compensat , at least pa tially, for the animal health damage r r e e e of one of the arest zoological collections in the wo ld. th t would otherw1se r sult. Antibiotics in animal fe d is a prim example of such the custodian e e � r r e e e can b summar- a lrnkage and its_ esultant potential for comp omising human health. Th d v lopment of the conservation bre ding programs ree ized in th stages: The concerns of animal husbandmen, veterinarians, and companion animal e e e ers e er r e e s e r e r until ow hav be n cent ed on human gain o ben fit to the xclu ion of alter (A) Th setting up of a b e ding g oup of a speci s in th coll ction � � e s r it repr sent a self-sustaining population. native solutions which posit animal sensibilities, mic obial resistance, and public r r e e s rs e r b eeding popula health as coequal concerns. We have abandoned th arts of predec s o who (Bl Th dist ibution of the p ogeny such that viable r e e e e s e we forced to u tion can mat rialize elsewhere. : : dis_ ase-preventing managerial skills b caus their drugs and e e r er r e r e e re r e e r es voi has b en fi mly stablish d, tu ning devicw s re so l1m1ted. We have elinquished our roles as good shepherds to the (C) Onc a captiv e s er e e e r e er surplu animals eith to their nativ environm nt (if such a r intro wond rs of chemothe apeutics, antibiotics, and bio ngine ing. r re e e e r e whe the We hav b en fre d of the const aints of technologies that limited animal duction is consider d possible) o to another suitable habitat e r s e e speci s can be studied, p oviding that such an introduction doe not care to h_ alth-promoting systems, and healing has enjoyed greater d mand than r r r e cause any imbalance in nature. p evention. A med with new knowledge, new d ugs, new d vices and skills e e e r e r se e er s e e e e e e Th animals in th Trust's collection r p es nt a good c oss ction of n vet inaria hav com to be highly regarded as heal rs. W have att mpt d t� ere s e e e e � - r es r e s dang d specie . In some cas s, these hav be n loaned to the Trust by various mak med1crne compensate for poo liv tock management and i r spon ible e e e s e e e e s governments. For exampl , th pink pig on, Rodrigues fruit bat and fody, the et hu �andry. W have be n abl to perform medical and surgical wond r for e er e e r s � r e Round Island's Gu nth 's g cko,_T lfai 's kink and boa are all on loan from the owners who refused the esponsibilities of human stewardship. r er e e r Mau itius gov nm nt; St. Lucia parrots from the St. Lucia government; and the The technologies that lure us from th esponsibilities of proper concern for r e e e e e . r r r pigmy hog f om th gov rnm nt of Assam. In other cas s, th Trust acts as an ex animals _can also erode ou humanistic rega d for the value of life itself. D ugs e e r r r r s e e e t nsion or as one of the ext nsions to othe o ganizations' breeding p og ams, a d ?ev1ce properly d velop d with the aim of less ning pain and lending more r e � e e e e e.g., Hawaiian goose and white-winged wood duck f om th Wildfowl Trust, Ed d1g�1�y to death ma�e it 'easi r' to take lif and to make d ath d cisions. Many r r e r s re er wa ds' pheasant f om the World Pheasant Association, th Congo peacock f om dec1 1ons to euthan1ze are made with animal welfa as the foremost conc n. e r e r s e e th Royal Antwe p Zoological Soci ty, Sumatran orangutan f om the Zoological Yet, 'good death' drug and d vices often facilitate these d cisions for the con e r e e _ e r v nience of people, leaving the question of animal w lfa e aside. Soci ty of London and the golden lion tamarin f om th National Zoological e International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems Park, Washington, D.C. Th advent of the is a r e r s er In the absence of fu ther importations of rare animals from the wild, zoos h althy sign that there is a body of vete inarians, animal scienti ts, and oth s e e r r s r e e e will undoubt dly have to pool th i animal esource , for with the majority of who ca e about ani�al s nsibilities. As an educator, I am ncourag d by the e e e r e e e er r sp ci s, no one zoo or ven small g oup of zoos can in th long run hop to kno ledg that vet inary students, animal science students, and other schola s r e r r r r � e e r are rncreasrngly_ sensitiv to the problems of animals. Vet rina ians and animal gua antee th type of rese voi and viable gene pool that is necessa y to epre- 75 74 J STUD ANIM PROB 1(2) 1980 INT I STUD ANIM PROB 1(2) 1980 INT NEWSi!!!.l tion exists between large numbers J.J.C.Mallin,on of cats and better rodent control Editorial REVIEW on a given farm.

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