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STUDII DE GEN Colecţia Studii De Gen Este Coordonată De Mihaela Miroiu STUDII DE GEN Colecţia Studii de gen este coordonată de Mihaela Miroiu. Mihaela Miroiu (coord.) Andreea Molocea, Ioana Vlad, Cristian Ionuţ Branea © 2015 by Editura POLIROM Această carte este protejată prin copyright. Reproducerea integrală sau parţială, multipli­ carea prin orice mijloace şi sub orice formă, cum ar fi xeroxarea, scanarea, transpunerea în format electronic sau audio, punerea la dispoziţia publică, inclusiv prin internet sau Mişcări feministe şi ecologiste prin reţele de calculatoare, stocarea permanentă sau temporară pe dispozitive sau sisteme cu posibilitatea recuperării informaţiilor, cu scop comercial sau gratuit, precum şi alte în România (1990­2014) fapte similare săvârşite fără permisiunea scrisă a deţinătorului copyrightului repre­ zintă o încălcare a legislaţiei cu privire la protecţia proprietăţii intelectuale şi se pedepsesc penal şi/sau civil în conformitate cu legile în vigoare. Pe copertă : © www.polirom.ro Editura POLIROM Iaşi, B­dul Carol I nr. 4 ; P.O. BOX 266, 700506 Bucureşti, Splaiul Unirii nr. 6, bl. B3A, sc. 1, et. 1, sector 4, 040031, O.P. 53 Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României : MIROIU, MIHAELA Mişcări feministe şi ecologiste în România : (1990-2014) / Mihaela Miroiu (coord.), Andreea Molocea, Ioana Vlad, Cristian Ionuţ Branea. – Iaşi : Polirom, 2015 Bibliogr. Index ISBN 978­973­46­5319­5 I. Miroiu, Mihaela (coord.) II. Molocea, Andreea III. Vlad, Ioana IV. Branea, Cristian Ionuţ 396(498) POLIROM Printed in ROMANIA 2015 Cuprins Prezentarea autorilor ..............................................................................9 Listă de abrevieri ...................................................................................11 Introducere (Mihaela Miroiu) ...............................................................13 (Re)construcţia feminismului românesc în cadrul mişcării de femei (1990­2000) ..........................................19 Introducere .......................................................................................19 Contexul tranziţiei româneşti şi societatea civilă ..........................20 Organizaţii Phoenix şi organizaţii feministe ..................................23 PNUD, prima încercare de oganizare a ONG­urilor în jurul unei agende (1994) .................................28 Lipsa feminismului grassroots ........................................................31 (Re)începuturile nevăzute ale mişcării feministe şi apariţia AnEi ..........................................................................34 Prima manifestare feministă de stradă: Protestul anti­Playboy ...............................................................39 Patriarhalismul politicii româneşti ................................................43 Lupta pentru cote de reprezentare politică. Programul 222 ............................................................................49 Istorii personale: cum au devenit feministele... feministe? .............................................................53 Concluzii ...........................................................................................63 Anexe ................................................................................................67 Bibliografie .......................................................................................81 Dezvoltări în mişcarea românească de femei după 2000 .....................89 Introducere .......................................................................................89 Relaţii de gen în perioada postcomunistă .......................................90 Cadrul legislativ, între presiuni externe Cooperarea internaţională în reglementările şi presiuni interne ......................................................................94 pentru managementul cianurii şi riscurile scurgerii Mişcare socială versus ONGizare ...................................................97 de cianură din Baia Mare ........................................................251 Universul cercetării .......................................................................102 Prima iniţiativă multi­stakeholders pentru managementul cianurii: Codul Cianurii .................................253 Cooperare, rezistenţă şi conflict în relaţia cu statul ....................104 Organizaţii furnizoare de servicii ..........................................104 Reglementările mineritului aurifer cu cianuri în Uniunea Europeană .............................................................255 Organizaţii de advocacy .........................................................108 Interzicerea mineritului cu cianură Procese de cooperare între organizaţiile în Uniunea Europeană .............................................................257 de femei şi feministe ................................................................115 Oportunităţi şi ameninţări drept catalizatori Interzicerea mineritului cu cianură în România ..........................259 pentru cooperare .................................................................118 Rolul organizaţiilor naţionale şi internaţionale Coaliţia împotriva violenţei domestice ..................................119 în impunerea interzicerii totale a cianurilor Coaliţia antidiscriminare .......................................................126 folosite în mineritul aurifer .....................................................261 Coaliţia pentru drepturi reproductive ...................................128 Salvaţi Roşia Montană ca mişcare de dreptate Factori care împiedică dezvoltarea coaliţiilor .......................135 de mediu ...................................................................................267 Concluzii .........................................................................................138 Concluzii .........................................................................................277 Anexe ..............................................................................................139 Bibliografie .....................................................................................282 Bibliografie .....................................................................................184 Index tematic .......................................................................................293 Despre metamorfozele feminismului recent ......................................189 Index de nume ......................................................................................299 Preambul ........................................................................................189 Drumul anevoios spre feminismul activist ...................................191 De unde am plecat şi unde suntem? De la feminism la feminisme ...................................................196 Concluzii .........................................................................................213 Bibliografie .....................................................................................215 Statul, politicile de mediu şi activismul ecologist în Romania ..........219 Preambul ........................................................................................219 Statul şi problemele de mediu înainte de 1990 ............................220 Ecologia şi problemele de mediu în politica post decembristă .......................................................................226 Certej, Baia Mare, Roşia Montană şi ecologia politică a mineritului cu cianură în Europa .........................................233 Cianura, impact social şi de mediu ...............................................235 Mineritul aurifer cu cianură în România şi accidentul de mediu de la Baia Mare ........................................................240 Prezentarea autorilor MIHAELA MIROIU este prof. univ. dr. şi conducătoare de doctorat în Ştiinţe politice la Şcoala Naţională de Studii Politice şi Administrative (SNSTA), Bucureşti. Coordonează colecţia „Studii de gen” a Editurii Polirom. Între cărţile ei academice se numără: Gândul Umbrei. Abordări feministe în filosofia contemporană (1995), Convenio. Despre natură, femei şi morală (Polirom, 1996, 2002), România. Starea de fapt (1997, în colab.), Societatea retro (1999), Guidelines for Promoting Gender Equity in Higher Education in Central and Eastern Europe (2003), Drumul către autonomie (Polirom, 2004). A editat şi coeditat 11 lucrări, între care la Polirom: Lexicon feminist (2002), Patriarhat şi emancipare în gândirea politică românească (2002), Ideologii politice actuale (2012). Pentru contribuţia sa la dezvoltarea cercetării a fost recom­ pensată cu Outstanding Achievements Award de către Association for Women in Slavic Studies Eurasian and East­European Studies (AWSS), Los Angeles (2010). ANDREEA MOLOCEA este licenţiată în Ştiinţe politice În 2010 a absolvit Masteratul de Gen, Politici şi Minorităţi, iar în 2013 a obţinut titlul de doctor în Ştiinţe Politice. Din 2009 până în 2013 a fost membră şi apoi vicepreşedintă a Centrului FILIA. A lucrat până în februarie 2015 ca funcţionar public în cadrul Departamentului pentru Egalitate de Şanse între Femei şi Bărbaţi. Interesele sale acoperă zona egalităţii de gen, critica culturală a patriarhatului şi a mitului frumuseţii, dar şi tot ceea ce ţine de capacitarea femeilor şi stima de sine a acestora. A publicat articole în jurnale academice pe teme diverse, între care: epistemologie feministă, ideologii politice, gen şi publicitate, gen şi alegere raţională, dar şi pe teme culturale, fiind blogger Adevărul: „Vreau ca nici unei femei (indiferent de orientare sexuală, religie sau
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