President's Message

ISSN 2372-2517 (Online), ISSN 2372-2479 (Print) METALEPTEAMETALEPTEA THE NEWSLETTER OF THE ORTHOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY

* Table of Contents is now clickable, which will President’s Message take you to a desired page. By MICHAEL SAMWAYS President [1] PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE [email protected] he Orthopterists’ Soci- [2] SOCIETY NEWS th ety (OS) Congress in [2] The 12 International Congress of Orthopterology “Orthoptera in a Brazil is almost here! Changing World” by MARCOS LHANO The OS congresses are always wonderfully [10] REGIONAL REPORTS TT interactive, with a great [10] Eastern Europe, North and Central exchange of ideas and knowledge on Asia by MICHAEL G. SERGEEV [11] Northern Africa by MOHAMED this fascinating group of insects. Bra- ABDELLAHI EBBE zil is particularly exciting as its biodiversity is legendary and its orthopter- [13] T.J. COHN GRANT REPORTS an fauna vast and still largely in need [13] Give it all we got tonight? A shifting terminal investment thresh- actively chaired by Axel Hochkirch. of exploration. Also, there have been old in male cricket calling effort by many vigorous developments in Bra- Singing species also have something KRISTIN DUFFIELD zilian Orthoptera research in recent unique to offer: an acoustic profile of years, giving the country a dynamic the landscape. Acoustically-profiling [15] OSF GRANT REPORTS buzz…Orthopterology and Olympics! a landscape for conservation is a non- [15] Photo documentation of types in the Hungarian Natural History Museum The OS is today a truly international invasive assessment method, known as well as the Otto Herman collec- society with members from all across as ecoacoustics, that can be used tion and collecting distributional and the globe. It has also become an to make management decisions for taxonomic data of Balkan Orthoptera important forum for many disciplines conserving large areas of land, even species by GELLÉRT PUSKÁS [20] Working report on OSF Grant from phylogenetics and acoustics, to outside of protected areas. Ecoacous- “Calling songs of West Palearctic Tet- physiology and behaviour, to popula- tics as a tool is also gaining ground tigonioidea” by KLAUS-GERARD HELLER tion control of outbreaks, and even for integrating agricultural production conservation. This is a diverse array and the conservation of biodiversity [21] CONTRIBUTED ARTICLES of disciplines with the various and (see Grant, PBC & Samways, MJ. [21] Rainproof katydids from the Yungas in the Argentine Northwest by varied range of orthopteran species 2016. Ecoacoustics of a produc- HOLGER BRAUN providing subjects for a wide range of tion/protected area mosaic for better [22] Collecting in Gorongosa Na- initiatives. Yet we are losing so much conservation. Conservation Biology tional Park, Mozambique by RICARDO biodiversity worldwide that it is es- (in press)). This new approach holds MARIÑO-PÉREZ & BERT FOQUET [25] Collecting in Costa Rica: sential that we do our best to conserve great promise, especially so in view of in search of Orthoptera by RICARDO as many orthopteran species as soon the real opportunities for conservation MARIÑO-PÉREZ, DEREK A. WOLLER, as possible. This can be done in essen- that now lie in the agro-forestry sec- BERT FOQUET, & RYAN T. SELKING tially two ways: 1) focus on particu- tor, with there being little likelihood lar species and their needs and 2) as of many more substantial protected [30] EDITORIAL components in biodiversity as part of areas being proclaimed in most parts large-scale conservation initiatives. of the world. The conservation-of-species com- At the Brazil Congress, Alexandre ponent of the OS is integrated with Latchininsky becomes the new OS the IUCN/Species Survival Commis- President and David Hunter the new sion’s Grasshopper Specialist Group, President-Elect. During my term as Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 1 METALEPTEA President I have received the most various matters. I would very much professional, dedicated, and dynamic amazing support from the OS Board like to thank the Board and the OS society. Warm regards to all Orthop- and from many other advisors on membership for making the OS such a terists!

The 12th International Congress of Orthopterology “Orthoptera in a Changing World” (October 30 - November 3, 2016, Ilhéus, Brazil) ear friends, we have a special price at this hotel, The next ICO is com- which includes: 5 nights in an apart- ing! And it will be a ment: single, double, or triple during th great privilege to host the event period from 30 October By MARCOS LHANO th you here in Brazil, in the to 04 November at the Hotel Praia President, ICO 2016 DD city of Ilhéus, Bahia. do Sol; daily breakfast, plus 6 meals [email protected] Since the last announcement in (lunch on the days of 31st October and Metaleptea, we have made a lot 01st, 02nd, & 03rd November; dinner on Organized by: th rd • Orthopterists’ Society of progress to provide you with an the days of 30 October & 03 No- • Federal University of the outstanding event where it will be vember: all meals without beverages); Recôncavo of Bahia (UFRB) possible to discuss the latest findings and regular transfer from the airport in the various fields of orthopterology. to hotel to airport. Sponsors: As you already know, the meet- Also, we want you to know that • Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel ing will be held at the Hotel Praia your flight tickets could be cheaper (CAPES), Brazilian Ministry of do Sol (www.praiadosol.com.br – In if you book a flight from your city to Education (MEC) Portuguese), which is in front of the Salvador (airport code SSA) and then • The Bahia State Research Support beach, close to the suburbs of Ilhéus, a second one from Salvador to Ilhéus. Foundation (FAPESB), Secretariat and 5 minutes by car (2 km) from the The GT5 group (Congress Secretariat) of Science, Technology and Innovation of State of Bahia airport (the organization will provide can help you to find the best prices (SECTI) transfer from and to the airport for for the domestic flights within Brazil. • National Council for Scientific all ICO attendees). The hotel is small You can ask for a quotation directly and Technological Development with beautiful gardens, a swimming from the ICO website, so please do (CNPq), Brazilian Ministry of pool, and restaurants. Remember that not hesitate to contact them. Science and Technology (MCT)

PLENARY CONFERENCES AND SYMPOSIA PROGRAM:

30th October (Sunday) Hour Description Location 8:00-17:00 Registration Registration Desk Opening Ceremony Marcos Lhano (President, 12th ICO, 2016) 17:00-18:00 Conference Room Alexandre Latchininsky (University of Wyoming, USA) (incoming Presi- dent OS) Plenary Lecture “Birth and Early Childhood of Orthopterology in South America with Emphasis on Native Taxonomists” 18:00-19:00 Conference Room Francisco de Assis G de Mello (UNESP, São Paulo State University, Brazil)

19:00-21:00 Welcome Reception Hotel Praia do Sol

Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 2 METALEPTEA 31st October (Monday) Hour Description Location Workshop: Orthoptera Species File: beyond a taxonomic database 8:00-09:45 Organizer: Maria Marta Cigliano & Holger Braun (Museo de La Plata, Room 1 UNLP, Argentina) 9:30-10:00 Coffee Break Hall Symposium: “The orthopteran systematics in a changing world” Organizer: Hojun Song and Ricardo Mariño-Pérez (Texas A&M Univer- sity, USA)

“Towards a cleaner, easier and informative taxonomic practice: a nota- tion system to express Orthoptera meristic characters in descriptive and revisionary work” Francisco de Assis G. de Mello

“Phylogenetic studies within the neotropical Romaleinae (Orthoptera, Acridoidea, Romaleidae)” Martina E. Pocco, N. Guzmán, Viviana A. Confalonieri, Hojun Song, and Maria Marta Cigliano 10:00-12:00 Room 1 “Current knowledge of Pyrgomorphidae Systematics using morphological and molecular data” Ricardo Mariño-Pérez and Hojun Song

“First morphological phylogeny of Neotropical Phalangopsidae, with special reference to male genital characters” Pedro Guilherme B. de Souza Dias

“Expanding the boundaries of the new morphological frontier: ex- ploring functionality in 3D (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplus: Puer Group)” Derek A. Woller and Hojun Song

12:00-13:30 Lunch Hotel Praia do Sol 13:30-15:30 Session on Systematics and Taxonomy Room 1 Plenary Lecture “Orthopteran systematics: Past, present, and future” 16:00-17:00 Conference Room Hojun Song (Texas A&M University, USA) 17:00-18:00 Poster Session Hall 18:00 Social Program: Cocktail

1st November (Tuesday) Hour Description Location Information Session: Red List 8:00-09:45 Room 1 Organizer: Axel Hochkirch (Trier University, Germany) 9:30-10:00 Coffee Break Hall

Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 3 METALEPTEA 1st November (Tuesday) Hour Description Location Symposium: Orthoptera Conservation Organizer: Axel Hochkirch (Trier University, Germany)

“Testing the Efficacy of Global Biodiversity Hotspots for Insect Conser- vation: The Case of South African Katydids” Corinna Bazelet

“Orthoptera conservation in Mexico, current status and challenges” Ricardo Marino-Pérez

“Big Data or Data deluge? How new information technologies can con- tribute to Orthoptera conservation” 10:00-12:00 Room 1 Klaus Riede

“Orthoptera (weta) conservation in New Zealand” Corinne Watts

“The conservation strategy of the Crau Plain Grasshopper – Practical implementation, first results and open questions” Linda Bröder

“The conservation status of European Orthoptera – results from the first continental red list assessments” Axel Hochkirch 12:00-13:30 Lunch Hotel Praia do Sol 13:30-15:30 Session on Ecology & conservation Room 1 Symposium: Locust and grasshopper control: Efficacy, Economics and Environment. Can all three E’s be achieved simultaneously? Organizer: Alexandre Latchininsky (University of Wyoming, USA)

“Characterization of zones of high and low frequency presence of the Desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål, 1775) populations in Mau- ritania using satellite imagery” M.A. Ould Babah, M.F. Courel, J.F. Duranton, K.O. Maeno, and A.V. 13:30-15:30 Latchininsky Room 2

“Development of the 2015-16 plague of the South American locust, Schistocerca cancellata (Serville, 1838) in Argentina” David Hunter and Maria Laura de Wysiecki

“Grasshopper control in North America: recent trends” Alexandre V. Latchininsky

Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 4 METALEPTEA 1st November (Tuesday) Hour Description Location “Locust Control in Australia: Hitting the Right Target” Chris Adriaansen

“The use of Biopesticides as part of IPM of Locusts and Grasshoppers” 13:30-15:30 Room 2 David Hunter

“Can we further improve Desert Locust’s preventive strategy?” Michel Lecoq Plenary Lecture “Biodiversity and Landscape Ecology of Orthoptera” 16:00-17:00 Conference Room Thomas Fartmann (University Osnabrück, Germany) 17:00-18:00 Poster Session Hall 18:00 Social Program: Nation’s Party

2nd November (Wednesday) Hour Description Location Workshop: New generation sequencing (NGS) methods 8:00-09:45 Room 1 Organizer: Ioana C. Chintauan-Marquier, CNRS MNHN Paris, France Workshop: Recording and signal processing 8:00-09:45 Room 2 Organizer: Fernando Montealegre Zapata (University of Lincoln, UK) 9:30-10:00 Coffee Break Hall Symposium: Morphology, molecules and evolution in Orthoptera Organizer: Ioana C. Chintauan-Marquier & Laure Desutter-Grandcolas, (MNHN Paris, France)

“Each musician his instrument: 3-D imaging reveals stunning conver- gences in crickets, katydids and their allies” Laure Desutter-Grandcolas, Lauriane Jacquelin, Ioana C.Chintauan- Marquier, Philippe Grandcolas, and André Nel

“RNA in Polyneoptera insects. De novo transcriptomic insights into the molecular substrate underlying evolutionary adaptations in Amphia- 10:00-12:00 custa cricket (Orthoptera, Phalangopsidae)” Room 1 Ioana C. Chintauan-Marquier, Fiona McCarthy, Philippe Grandcolas, Richard A. Nichols, and Laure Desutter-Grandcolas

“Phylomorphology of Psorodonotus: ecology explains morphological conservatism” Sarp Kaya and Battal Ciplak

“Searching numts in gigantic genome of Orthoptera: length and frequency of paralog copies of COI” Sarp Kaya and Battal Ciplak 12:00-13:30 Lunch Hotel Praia do Sol Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 5 METALEPTEA 2nd November (Wednesday) Hour Description Location 12:00-13:30 OS Board Meeting Room 2 13:30-15:30 Session on Grasshopper & Locust Control Room 1 Symposium: Phylogeography and speciation Organizer: Battal Çiplak (Akdeniz University, Turkey)

“The ignored model budding speciation: light from Psorodonotus veno- sus (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) species group” Battal Ciplak and Sarp Kaya

“Dynamic Biogeography of Acridid Outbreaks in the Palaearctic Region” Mikhail G. Sergeev 13:30-15:30 Room 2 “The importance of capturing unbiased species histories for testing phylogeograhic hypothesis and the promise of next generation sequencing data” İsmail K. Saglam

“Integrating phylogenetic and niche modelling to elucidate the diversi- fication process in south American grasshoppers (Acrididae: Melanopli- nae)” M. Celeste Scattolini, Viviana A. Confalonieri and María M. Cigliano Plenary Lecture “New methods in population genetics and their em- 16:00-17:00 pirical assessment in grasshoppers” Conference Room Marie-Pierre Chapuis (CIRAD-BIOS, France) 17:00-18:00 Poster Session Hall 19:00 Gala Dinner

3rd November (Thursday) Hour Description Location Workshop: Acoustic monitoring of biodiversity 8:00-09:45 Room 1 Organizer: Fernando Montealegre Zapata (University of Lincoln, UK) Information Session: R program 8:00-09:45 Room 2 Carlos Sperbe (Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil) 9:30-10:00 Coffee Break Hall Symposium: Acoustic and vibrational communication in Orthoptera Organizer: Fernando Montealegre Zapata (University of Lincoln, UK)

“Singing and optimal baffling behaviour in the tree cricket Oecanthus henryi” 10:00-12:00 Room 1 Erica Morley

“Data mining soundscapes for Orthoptera songs: Big Data or data deluge?” Klaus Riede Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 6 METALEPTEA 3rd November (Thursday) Hour Description Location “Let me see what you hear: transparency in bush-cricket auditory systems” Fabio Sarria

“Context-specific signaling with different carrier frequencies - the case of the bush-cricket genus Gonatoxia” Karsch 1889 Klaus-G Heller and Claudia Hemp

“Sounds From The Past: From fossil to song in Ensifera” Thorin Jonsson

10:00-12:00 Room 1 “A new system of communication in crickets derived by sensory exploi- tation of anti-predator behavior (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae)”

Tony Robillard

“Two mysterious little katydids from the Ecuadorian Andes and their ultrasonic calling songs” Holger Braun

“Auditory mechanics in katydids: dual sound inputs in the pressure dif- ference receiver” Fernando Montealegre-Z 10:00-12:00 Session on Phylogeography & Speciation Room 2 12:00-13:30 Lunch Hotel Praia do Sol Symposium: Orthopterology in a changing Brazil Organizer: Carlos Sperber (Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil)

“Groping for the ecological niche of forest litter crickets” Carlos Frankl Sperber

“Jumping among dinosaurs: (re)discovering the orthopterofauna of early Cretaceous from the Crato Formation, Brazil” 13:30-15:30 Room 1 Pedro GB Souza Dias

“A short history for a giant country: revision and situation of the Tet- tigoniidae of Brazil” Juliana Chamorro Rengifo

“The Gryllinae group in Brazil: state of art and future perspective” Darlan R. Redu 13:30-15:30 Session on Behavior and Communication Room 2

Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 7 METALEPTEA 3rd November (Thursday) Hour Description Location Plenary Lecture “Environmental Friendly Technology Systems for L&G 16:00-17:00 in China” Conference Room Long Zhang (China Agricultural University, Beijing, China) 17:00-17:30 Honours and Best Student Awards Conference Room 17:30-18:30 OS meeting and Closing session Conference Room

4th November (Friday) One day tour (See the options at the “Tourism Reservations” at the ICO website)

From 5th November (Saturday) Post Conference Tour

SOCIAL EVENTS: to note that it will be mainly a Orthoptera research, particularly the touristic and photographic tour work of retired or Emeritus Orthopter- • Welcome cocktail since it is not allowed to collect ists who have devoted their entire life • “Nations´ Party” (will be a party insects or any other organisms to the study of Orthoptera. Complete where the attendants will be asked without the collecting permits in applications consist of a letter of to bring some typical costume/ Brazil. The ICO2016 organization nomination with a brief description hat/shirt, etc. and will be invited is not able to make any arrange- of the accomplishments of the candi- to sing a song from their country ments for collecting permits for date proposed, along with one or two - a tradition that began during the the whole group or individual. If letters of support. Proposals should be last ICO, in China) somebody is interested in col- sent to Michael Samways (samways@ • Gala dinner lecting Orthoptera material, each sun.ac.za) by September 30, 2016. • Daily tours to Itacaré/Morro de scientist will be responsible for The OS Executive Board will choose São Paulo/Barra Grande/Camamú getting the permits to collect among the candidates and the award- and other places (price will be and the paperwork/permits to ees will receive a personalized award indicated on the webpage, and the carry the material outside Brazil certificate to reflect the nature of their reserve can be made directly at (they are different permits) at the contributions to Orthopterology. The the ICO website) Brazilian Government: Ministry presentation will be made at the 12th • One day tour: On Friday 4th of the Environment’s (MMA) International Congress of Orthopterol- November (See the options at the and at the Ministry of Science ogy, that will be held in Ilheus, Brazil, “Tourism Reservations” at the and Technology (MCT). Also we October 30 to November 3, 2016. ICO website) kindly ask to those who get the • Post Conference Tour: a trip to permits notify the local committee 2016 TED COHN AWARD the amazing Chapada Diamantina in advance, so we can manage the FOR EXCELLENCE AS region and Salvador city. This is a Post Conference Tour according A YOUNG PROFESSIONAL very attractive tour that will soon to the Brazilian laws because all ORTHOPTERIST : be announced on the Congress the Chapada Diamantina region is The Ted Cohn Award for Excellence website in the next days. Notice a National Park. as a Young Professional Orthopter- that we will be starting our tour ist is for young professionals, aged at the city of Ilhéus and finish it AWARDS: 35 or less, who are at the last stage at the city of Salvador (the capital of dissertation, or doing a postdoc, of Bahia state). So, we kindly 2016 D.C.F. RENTZ AWARD or even early-stage research or other encourage you to book your travel FOR LIFE-TIME DEDICATION relevant professional position. There plans accordingly. For those who TO ORTHOPTEROLOGY: are two $2500 awards, one for applied will take part in the tour, the last The “D.C.F. Rentz Award for Life- and another for non-applied Orthop- night at the hotel in Ilhéus (from time Dedication to Orthopterology” terists. Because it is an excellence 4th to 5th) is already included in is intended to recognize the outstand- award, it should be based on research the tour package. It is important ing contributions of the nominee to products, such as publications. The Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 8 METALEPTEA application is based on 1-page per- a hallmark presentation. The candi- check whether you need to take sonal statement, CV, 1 most signifi- dates for the prize-winner should be any vaccinations or other preven- cant publication, and 1-2 letters of students and young scientists who tive measures. The advice of the support. Proposals should be sent to received their Ph.D. no longer than Brazilian National Health Surveil- Michael Samways (samways@sun. five years ago. The award panel will lance Agency (ANVISA) is that ac.za) by September 30, 2016. The consist of three Orthopterists’ Society vaccination against yellow fever OS Executive Board will choose members with international expertise is not necessary for travel to the amongst the candidates and the on different aspects of Orthopterology coastal cities, including Ilhéus. awards will be presented at the 12th and the poster and oral presentation • Voltage: Local voltage is International Congress of Orthopter- must have been exhibited/given dur- 110-127V/60Hz ology in Ilheus, Brazil, October 30 to ing ICO2016. The criteria for the Best • What to bring: The sun is usu- November 3, 2016. Oral Presentation and Poster Award ally intense, so it is advisable to are: Clarity of submitted abstract, pack: sunglasses, hat, sunblock, 2016 SIR BORIS UVAROV significant contribution to the study of and lip protector. For walks, AWARD IN APPLIED Orthoptera fauna, importance of the tennis shoes are the best option. ORTHOPTEROLOGY: work, novelty of the work, and design Always have cash on you as there The Sir Boris Uvarov Award in Ap- of the poster and of the oral presenta- are places that will not take credit plied Orthopterology is presented by tion. Presentation of the award will cards or cheques. the Association of Applied Acridology be made at the 12th International • Currency: The currency in Brazil International and the Orthopterists Congress of Orthopterology in Ilheus, is the ‘Real’ (plural ‘reais’), Society. The award for outstanding Brazil, October 30 to November 3, abbreviated as R$. The real is achievement in applied Orthopterol- 2016, during the Closing Ceremony divided into 100 ‘centavos’. The ogy and consists of a plaque and a of the event. current exchange rate is around $2500 prize. Application/nomination R$ 3.50 to US$ 1, however it packages must be received by the Ex- Ilhéus: can fluctuate quite significantly, ecutive Director of the Association for • Weather forecast: All seasons therefore it is best to check before Applied Acridology International, Dr. are good to visit Bahia because you travel. Alexandre Latchininsky (Latchini@ it is hot during all year long and • We recommend that you visit our uwyo.edu), by September 30, 2016. the annual average temperature is website every week to stay up-to- Nominees/candidates will be judged 26°C. date: http://www.ico2016.com.br by an award panel consisting of three Orthopterists’ Society members with As President of the ICO2016 orga- international expertise in both theoret- nization, I am delighted to host you ical and practical locust and/or grass- here, and welcome to Bahia! hopper management plus 2 previous recipients of the award. The panel will be selected by the Executive • Time Zone: The time zone is the Board of the Orthopterists’ Society same as Brasilia - Brazil’s capital Presentation of the award will be (Brasília Standard Time - BRT), made at the 12th International Con- which is three hours behind gress of Orthopterology in Ilheus, Greenwich Mean Time (GMT- Brazil, October 30 to November 3, 03:00). During ICO, Brazil will 2016. have the “Daylights saving time” (DST; or summer time) but Bahia Best Poster and Oral Presentation is not included and the clocks Awards: The purpose of the Best must be turned backward 1 hour Poster and Presentation Award is to from the Brasilia time. encourage students and young sci- • Vaccine: Brazil does not cur- entists (who received their Ph.D. no rently require foreign nationals longer than five years ago) to display to be vaccinated against yellow outstanding presentations and post- fever or any other diseases. How- ers during ICO2016. These awards ever, it is the responsibility of are intended to reward the presenters the traveler to consult your local for the extra effort it takes to prepare health services before your trip to Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 9 METALEPTEA Regional Reports - What’s happening around the world? East Europe North and Central Asia

By MICHAEL G. SERGEEV Novosibirsk State University Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals RUSSIA [email protected]

A comprehensive book about Or- thoptera of the Korean Peninsula was prepared by an international team: Sergey Storozhenko of the Institute of Biology and Soil Sciences in Vladi- vostok, Russia, and Taewoo Kim and Mi-Jeong Jeon of the National Institute of Biological Resources in Incheon, Korea. The book includes full descriptions of all taxa, taxonomic keys, and numerous color and Onconotus servillei Fischer de Waldheim in the Kulunda steppe (South Siberia) black and white illustrations; it was published in English in 2015. Several field studies of ecology, distribution, and diversity of orthop- near the boundary with Kazakhstan. teroids were organized during the In 2016, the populations of two rare summer season of 2016. One of them species of katydids were found. was organized in Tuva under an um- One of them was Miramiola pusilla brella of the Russian Foundation for (Miram), the adults of which are Basic Research. Tuva is an interest- very small and associated with short ing and important region of South grasses of the dry steppes, such as Siberia situated near the significant Festuca valesiaca. The second species biogeographic boundaries between is from the genus Onconotus, namely the Siberian taiga, the steppes of O. servillei Fischer de Waldheim, Kazakhstan and Mongolia, and the which prefers the meadows in the Gobi desert. The orthopteran fauna steppe zone. Both species are dis- of the region includes forms associ- tributed from the steppes of South- ated with different parts of Eurasia. In East Europe until the eastern part of August of 2016, the northwestern part Kazakhstan and the southern part of of Tuva was studied. The expedition West Siberia. crossed the southern slope of the West The international team of orthopter- Sayan Mts. and found some popula- ists also continued some ecological tions of more or less rare species studies of the Migratory and Italian (Schmidtiacris schmidti (Ikonnikov), locusts in the Amu Darya Basin and Bohemanella frigida (Boheman), the Aral Sea area of Central Asia. etc.). Calliptamus abbreviatus Ikon- Outbreaks of the Migratory, Italian, nikov was one of the main dominants and Moroccan locusts occurred in in the mountain steppes, and Arcyp- different semi-arid and arid regions of Schmidtiacris schmidti (Ikonnikov) — the main tera fusca (Pallas) on the mountain the former USSR. range of this species is in the Far East, North- meadows. East China, Korea, and Japan. Several insular Some studies of insect diversity populations are in the southern Transbaikal region and in Tuva. were continued in the central part of the Kulunda steppe in South Siberia, Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 10 METALEPTEA Northern Africa FAO Commission for Controlling - You can find more on the following the Desert Locust in the Western websites : By MOHAMED ABDELLAHI EBBE Region (CLCPRO): Mohamed FAO/DLIS: http://www.fao.org/ag/ DG CNLA Mauritanie MAURITANIA Lemine Hamouny; locusts/en/activ/DLIS/drones/index. [email protected] • The Executive Secretary of the html FAO Commission for Controlling FAO/CLCPRO: http:// Evaluation of the potential use of the Desert Locust in the Cen- clcpro-empres.org/locust/in- drones for Desert Locust survey tral Region (CRC): Mamoon Al dex.php/fr/component/content/ and planned preventive control in Alawi; article?id=335&Itemid=278 Mauritania • The CLCPRO Technical Assis- FAO/CRC: http://desertlocust-crc.org The Food and Agriculture Organi- tant: Hichem Dridi; FAO Locust Watch: http://www.fao. zation of the United Nations (FAO) • The Director of the National Lo- org/ag/locusts is investigating the potential use of cust Centre in Mauritania, current Hemav: http://hemav.com drones to help face the significant CLCPRO President, and Regional Translated and edited by Mohamed Ab- challenges in the battle against the Representative of the Orthopter- ist Society: Mohamed Abdellahi dellahi OULD BABAH with the support Desert Locust in Africa, the Near and close collaboration of the stake hold- East, and Southwest Asia, and to Ould Babah; • The Innovation Manager of HE- ers, Keith Cressman, Mohamed Lemine improve existing tools for detection Hamouny, and Carlos Ferraz. and early warning, particularly in MAV (Spain): Carlos Ferraz. remote, inaccessible, and insecure The meeting finalized a concept Dedicated green team for areas. FAO’s regional locust commis- locust control in Mauritania sion in Northwest and West Africa, paper and work plan for a pilot project in the Western Region. The initial through Friendly Green Muscle CLCPRO, in collaboration with the biopesticide against desert locust FAO Desert Locust Information field evaluation of this new technology will take place in Mauritania in hopper bands in Tiris Zemmour, Service (DLIS) in Rome organized a Mauritania planning meeting at CLCPRO head- November of 2016. During the 2015-2016 desert locust quarters in Algiers on April 27, 2016 - Please see the video on the project: (Schistocerca gregaria Forsk) control that was attended by: https://vimeo.com/163805528 (pass- campaign in Mauritania, the aim was • The Senior Locust Forecasting word: OUTMAV2015) to reduce dependence on the use of Officer at DLIS, FAO HQ: Keith - Source : http://clcpro-empres.org/lo- chemical insecticides on the environ- Cressman; cust/index.php/fr/component/content/ ment. This was done by instead apply- • The Executive Secretary of the article?id=335&Itemid=278 ing the fungus Metarhizium acridum (Green Muscle), which is regarded as being a low risk to humans and livestock, and having few effects on non-target organisms. This work was carried out by a dedicated “Green Team” from the National Locust Control Centre (CNLA) who tested treatments on desert locust hopper bands with a powder formulation of M. acridum. The area of intervention was in the Wilaya of Tiris Zemmour, 70 km north of the town of Zouerate, (23° 15’ N / 12° 18’ W). In March-April, this area, characterized by presence of several wadis, was harboring many locust-breeding spots with consider- able density of nymphal bands and adult locusts. The vegetation was dominated by tufts of Schouwia the- Participants at the planning meeting for the potential use of drones for Desert Locust survey baica at the end of their life cycle. Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 11 METALEPTEA

Damage on Schowia thebaÏca caused by third-stage desert locust hopper bands

Experimental wire mesh cages for mortality assessment The efficacy was monitored These successful desert control with the use of cages and field treatments via friendly environmental assessment. In cages, mortality means carried out by CNLA Green exceeded 80% after 8 and 12 Team resulted in significant preven- days respectively for monitoring tive measures against the destruction nymphs compared to control in of agricultural areas around Zouerate which mortality did not exceed and with no detected negative envi- 3%. In the field, a reduction of ronmental impacts. 60-70% of the initial density of the treated hopper bands was Source: Synthesized and edited by Mo- observed after two weeks unlike hamed Abdellahi OULD BABAH and Sidi the control block. A total of 19 Ould Ely from a field report by Mohamed ha of hopper bands were treated. Atheimine. Additionally, the fungus was transported and stored under ambient conditions with similar temperatures to desert locust areas, and used in wadis characterized by dense vegetation with large clumps. All these factors did not reduce the effectiveness Preparation of the biopesticide and treatments with of the fungus after application micro-ulva + on hopper bands. Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 12 METALEPTEA Theodore J. Cohn Research Grant Reports Give it all we got tonight? A shifting terminal investment threshold in male cricket calling effort By KRISTIN DUFFIELD Illinois State University, U.S.A. [email protected] f particular interest in depend on context. the evolution of life Specifically, extrin- history strategies are sic or intrinsic fac- potential trade-offs be- tors further influenc- tween immune defens- ing RRV beyond the OO es and reproductive threat posed by, for traits; while investments in these traits instance, an infec- promote an individual’s fitness, they tion, may alter an incur significant costs (1). Trade-offs individual’s assess- necessitate that increased investment ment of the threat of in one trait results in decreased invest- infection and affect ment in another. As a consequence of whether that indi- such trade-offs, the conventional view vidual terminally has been that individuals faced with invests or increases some cue of their impending mortal- immune defenses. ity, such as injury or disease, should For example, RRV shift investment away from reproduc- is directly corre- tion and towards defense and repair lated with age; as to ensure their continued survival. individuals move However, a growing body of evidence towards the end of suggests that some individuals often their lifespan, their increase investment in current repro- prospect of future duction at a cost of decreased immune reproductive oppor- function following the perception of tunities decreases. a mortality cue. While these results Therefore, age seem counter-intuitive, they can be may determine the explained within the framework of severity of an infec- life history theory via the terminal tion cue required investment hypothesis. This hypoth- to trigger terminal esis predicts that as an individual’s investment, and this residual reproductive value (RRV), or tipping point, which the expectation for future offspring, can be referred to as Figure 1. Reproductive investment given an increasing level of a decreases, their investment in cur- the terminal invest- survival threat for two age classes. These predictions are based on the hypothesis that a terminal investment threshold exists and is rent reproduction should increase ment threshold, may dependent on changes in intrinsic (age) and extrinsic (survival threat) (2). Such individuals are essentially thus be dynamic and residual reproductive value (RRV). making a last ditch effort, reducing dependent on age. the associated costs of a decreased re- Figure 1 illustrates invest in reproduction at an interme- productive lifespan, to maximize their our predictions for how we expect in- diate level to balance the trade-off lifetime reproductive fitness. dividuals of two different age classes between reproduction and immunity. The strategy of terminal investment (young and old) to invest in repro- At increasing levels of a threat, we and the intensity at which a cue of ductive effort given an increase in a would expect individuals to increase decreased RRV is considered suf- threat to survival. At low levels of, or investment in immunity to combat the ficient to trigger a shift of investment in the absence of, a survival threat, threat and, because immune defense is towards current reproduction may we predict that individuals should costly, we expect a decrease in invest- Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 13 METALEPTEA an increasing spectrum of an infection cue (see Fig. 2 for specific treatments) which included a Naïve (unmanipulated), Sham, Low, Moderate, and High infection cue dose. In this experi- ment, heat-killed Escherichia coli, a gram-negative bacterium, functioned as the infection cue because it is known to illicit an immune response in many insect species (7) including G. sigillatus (Duffield et al. in preparation). Heat-killing ensures that the components of the bacterial cells still constitute a cue of infection without Figure 2. Experimental design. the confounding effects of bacterial proliferation and pathogenic effects, ment towards reproduction. However, sigillatus, a species at a high level of survival threat at for which methods for which the individual deems resistance quantifying time spent to be futile, we would expect the calling and activating individual to adopt a terminal invest- an immune response ment strategy and increase investment via a non-pathogenic to reproduction (the terminal invest- infection cue have ment threshold point). We expect this been previously terminal investment threshold point established. We pre- to be different between young and old dicted that male deco- age classes due to intrinsic differences rated crickets, when in RRV. Specifically, we expect older cued to a decrease individuals to be more sensitive or in RRV through a responsive to threats to survival than non-pathogenic im- younger individuals, and thus require mune response, would a smaller threat to elicit terminal terminally invest by investment. increasing the time Orthopteran insects are well-known they spend calling. for their acoustic signaling, which Additionally, we plays a critical role in mate acquisi- expected the point at tion. In crickets (Gryllidae), males which males terminal- produce a species-specific calling ly invest to be contin- song through stridulation of their fore- gent on age. Spe- wings. Because calling is often es- cifically, we predicted sential for gaining access to females, that older individuals the more time a male spends calling would terminally the more likely he will be successful invest in calling effort at finding a mate. However, calling at lower infection effort is costly both in terms of energy cue doses than young (3) as well as increased predation individuals. risk (4, 5), and males that call more In a randomized vigorously in early adulthood often block design, males suffer decreased longevity (6). As from two distinct Figure 3. Custom-built sound relay equipment. Top photo is the part of the work funded by the Cohn “young” or “old” age entire array. Bottom photo shows one individual box. During call award, we assessed the existence of a classes were random- recording periods, one male resides in an individual box (which shifting terminal investment threshold ly assigned to one of contains a lid-mounted condenser microphone) and is then placed within Styrofoam insulation to prevent cross-talk. in male decorated crickets, Gryllodes five treatments from

Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 14 METALEPTEA ensuring that any observed response cues of infection (and thus changes John Hunt, Thomas Houslay, and James is due to a shift in investment by the in their perceived intrinsic RRV) and Rapkin, all at the University of Exeter, cricket, rather than a result of manipu- terminally invest at lower levels of and my co-advisors, Ben Sadd and Scott lation or direct sickness effects caused infection cue than young males. Cur- Sakaluk at Illinois State University. by the pathogen. The time spent rently, we are running immune assays calling for each individual male was on hemolymph from males subject to References Cited recording for two consecutive nights the same age class and infection cue 1. B. C. Sheldon & S. Verhulst, Eco- logical immunology: costly parasite following infection cue treatment us- dose treatment (Fig. 2). These assays defences and trade-offs in evolution- ing a custom-built sound monitoring may reveal age-specific investment ary ecology. Trends Ecol. Evol. 11, apparatus (Fig. 3). in immunity among males subject to 317–321 (1996). We found evidence that both male different treatments, and also provide 2. T. H. Clutton-Brock, Reproductive age and infection cue alter the amount a more complete understanding of Effort and Terminal Investment in of time a male spends calling over the trade-offs underlying shifts in repro- Iteroparous Animals. Am. Nat. 123, call recording period. Notably, there ductive investment associated with 212–229 (1984). appeared to be an interaction between terminal investment. 3. W. W. Hoback & W. E. Wagner. age class and infection cue dose such Natural selection is rooted in varia- The energetic cost of calling in the Gryllus lineati- that young Naïve males called more tion in reproductive success among variable field cricket, ceps. Physiol. Entomol., 22, 286-290 than old Naïve males, but that old individuals; thus, our understand- (1997). males called more than young males ing of evolutionary and ecological 4. S. K. Sakaluk, J. J. Belwood. Gecko at Moderate and High infection cue processes relies on our knowledge of phonotaxis to cricket calling song: doses. Essentially, then, young males the mechanisms that drive variation a case of satellite predation. Anim. call more than old males when left in reproductive tactics. This study Behav., 32, 659-662 (1984). unmanipulated, but old males call contributes to our understanding of 5. W. Cade (1975). Acoustically orient- more than young males at high infec- the evolution of phenotypic plasticity ing parasitoids: fly phonotaxis to tion cue doses. These findings provide in reproductive effort in accordance cricket song. Science. 190, 1312- evidence that male crickets change with variation in RRV. 1313. reproductive investment strategies 6. J. Hunt et al., High-quality male field crickets invest heavily in sexual Acknowledgements: following particularly high levels display but die young. Nature. 432, Many thanks to the Orthopterists’ Society of an infection cue. Moreover, these 1024–1027 (2004). for funding this research. Thanks also to results suggest that the propensity 7. J. Rolff, S. Reynolds (eds.), Insect Marion Sakaluk for help with animal hus- to terminally invest depends on age. Infection and Immunity: Evolution, bandry and Kylie Hampton for piloting Based on these findings, it appears Ecology, and Mechanisms (Oxford immune assay methods. This work was University Press, 2009). that older males are more sensitive to done in collaboration with my co-authors, The Orthoptera Species File Grant Reports Photo documentation of types in the Hungarian Natural History Museum as well as the Otto Herman collection and collecting distributional and taxonomic data of Balkan Orthoptera species By GELLÉRT PUSKÁS Hungarian Natural History Museum, HUNGARY [email protected] ith the help of Albania, Bosnia, and Herzegovina. data-deficient and/or very rare and a 2015 Orthop- Moreover, these investigations high- little known species: Leptophyes tera Species File lighted the fact that this region is still intermedia, L. asamo, Poecilimon (OSF) grant, we notably under-researched and study albolineatus, Pachytrachis tumidus, gained a consider- of it has serious scientific potential. Rammeihippus dinaricus, Chorthip- WW able amount of During trips in the summer of 2015, pus willemsei, Stenobothrus clavatus new data on the Orthoptera fauna of we gathered new data on several etc. These data were useful for IUCN

Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 15 METALEPTEA Red List status assessments, which Table 1. Taxa with male calling song added to OSF (click species name to link have been created for all European to OSF) taxa, and the data will also help us Taxon County to determine the taxonomic status of some groups (e.g. Poecilimon el- Bicolorana bicolor bicolor (Philippi, 1830) Bosnia-Herzegovina egans group). Apart from several new Chorthippus willemsei Harz, 1971 Albania species from the fauna of Albania, Conocephalus fuscus fuscus (Fabricius, 1793) Albania Bosnia, and Herzegovina, we found Isophya clara Ingrisch & Pavićević, 2010 Montenegro unknown taxa as well , descriptions Leptophyes intermedia Ingrisch & Pavićević, 2010 Montenegro of which are in progress (Pachytra- chis sp.) or still need more material Leptophyes laticauda (Frivaldszky, 1868) Montenegro (Chorthippus albomarginatus group). Metrioptera hoermanni (Werner, 1906) Bosnia-Herzegovina Papers derived from faunistic, taxo- Oecanthus dulcisonans Gorochov, 1993 Albania nomic, and bioacoustic results are in Pachytrachis gracilis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861) Bosnia-Herzegovina preparation. Pachytrachis tumidus Ingrisch & Pavićević, 2010 Bosnia-Herzegovina Activities: Poecilimon affinis dinaricus Ingrisch & Pavićević, 2010 Bosnia-Herzegovina • Collecting trip, 19-28. Jul. 2015: Poecilimon albolineatus Ingrisch & Pavićević, 2010 Montenegro Bosnia-Herzegovina (Željeznica Poecilimon ampliatus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Montenegro valley, Treskavica Mts), Monte- Poecilimon ebneri Ramme, 1933 Albania negro (Durmitor, Lovćen Mts), Albania (Shkodra lake, Fusha e Poecilimon gracilis (Fieber, 1853) Albania Balldrenit, Kodra e Portës, Dajti, Poecilimon jonicus jonicus (Fieber, 1853) Albania Krraba Pass, Belsh, Orikum, Mt Poecilimon pseudornatus Ingrisch & Pavićević, 2010 Bosnia-Herzegovina ‘Maja e Qiramangës’, Griba Mts, Psorodonotus illyricus Ebner, 1923 Montenegro mount Mali i Lunxhërisë, pass Sepiana sepium (Yersin, 1854) Albania ‘Qafa e Qarrit’, Pepellash, Val- lamarë Mts, Ohrid lake). Stenobothrus clavatus Willemse, 1979 Albania • Collecting trip, 4-10. Aug. 2015: Uromenus dyrrhachiacus (Karny, 1918) Albania Bosnia-Herzegovina (Raduša Orthoptera species living in the uploaded on 31 January, 2016) Mts, Čvrsnica Mts, Neretva val- Balkans (158 images of 96 speci- (Table 3) ley, Prenj Mts, Velika Bjelasnica, mens) (Table 2) • photos of museum specimens Orjen Mts, Baba Mts). • distributional data with exact (mostly types) of 67 taxa (507 im- • Type photographing, 12-13. Jun. GPS coordinates of Orthoptera ages of 85 specimens) 2015: Zoological Museum of the taxa collected or observed on our • corrections of type information of Babeş-Bolyai Unversity, Cluj, two Balkan trips (identifications taxa types that were photographed Romania (Otto Herman collec- are still in progress - 851 records tion). • Type photographing, 18-20. Jan. 2016: Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria (species described by Otto Herman or living in the Balkans). • Type photographing in the Hun- garian Natural History Museum, Budapest.

Benefits for Orthoptera Species File: • recordings of the male calling songs of 21 Orthoptera species from Albania, Bosnia, Herzegovi- na, and Montenegro (Table 1) • photos of live specimens of 41 Holotype of Barbitistes kaltenbachi Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 16 METALEPTEA Table 2. Taxa with images of live specimens added to OSF (click species name to link to OSF)

Taxon Specimen Image Sex County Acrometopa macropoda (Burmeister, 1838) 2 3 m, f AL, BIH Anterastes serbicus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 6 7 m, f, juv. AL, MK Arcyptera brevipennis brevipennis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861) 2 5 m, f BIH Arcyptera microptera microptera (Fischer von Waldheim, 1833) 2 2 m, f MK Chorthippus willemsei Harz, 1971 2 4 m, f AL Dociostaurus genei genei (Ocskay, 1832) 2 2 m AL Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis bordigalensis (Latreille, 1804) 3 4 m, f AL Euthystira brachyptera brachyptera (Ocskay, 1826) 1 1 f MK Galvagniella albanica (Mishchenko, 1952) 3 3 m, pair BIH Gampsocleis abbreviata abbreviata Herman, 1874 6 8 m, f, juv. AL, MK Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer, 1773 1 1 m AL Isophya clara Ingrisch & Pavićević, 2010 2 2 m, f MNE Isophya modestior Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 3 3 m, f AL, BIH Isophya speciosa (Frivaldszky, 1868) 4 5 m, f AL, MNE Leptophyes boscii Fieber, 1853 2 2 m, f BIH Leptophyes intermedia Ingrisch & Pavićević, 2010 2 4 m, f MNE Leptophyes laticauda (Frivaldszky, 1868) 4 5 m, f AL, BIH, MNE Metrioptera hoermanni (Werner, 1906) 3 7 m, f BIH Miramella irena (Fruhstorfer, 1921) 2 2 m, f AL Modestana ebneri excurvata (Willemse, 1975) 2 2 m, f MK Modestana modesta (Fieber, 1853) 3 3 f BIH, MNE Myrmeleotettix maculatus maculatus (Thunberg, 1815) 1 1 f AL Oecanthus dulcisonans Gorochov, 1993 1 6 m AL Omocestus minutus (Brullé, 1832) 2 2 m AL Oropodisma macedonica Ramme, 1951 2 2 f MK Pachytrachis tumidus Ingrisch & Pavićević, 2010 2 5 m, f BIH Platycleis affinis affinis Fieber, 1853 1 1 m AL Poecilimon albolineatus Ingrisch & Pavićević, 2010 5 5 m, f MNE Poecilimon zimmeri Ramme, 1933 3 3 m, f AL Ramburiella turcomana (Fischer von Waldheim, 1833) 1 2 f AL Rammeihippus dinaricus (Götz, 1970) 2 5 m, f BIH Saga natoliae Serville, 1838 1 3 f AL Sepiana sepium (Yersin, 1854) 2 5 m AL Stenobothrus clavatus Willemse, 1979 3 10 m, f AL Stenobothrus lineatus lineatus (Panzer, 1796) 1 1 f MNE Stenobothrus rubicundulus Kruseman & Jeekel, 1967 2 2 m AL, MK Tettigonia balcanica Chobanov & Lemonnier-Darcemont, 2014 1 2 m AL Tropidopola graeca graeca Uvarov, 1926 2 10 m, f AL Tylopsis lilifolia (Fabricius, 1793) 2 5 m, f AL Uromenus dyrrhachiacus (Karny, 1918) 4 12 m, f AL Yersinella raymondii (Yersin, 1860) 1 1 f BIH

Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 17 METALEPTEA Table 3. Taxa with museum specimen images added to OSF (click species name to link to OSF)

***: new synonymy is needed;

H: holotype; S: syntype; S*: syntype labelled as holotype; S**: syntype labelled as paratype; L: lectotype; A: allotype; A*: labelled as allotype; but same sex as holotype; LA: lectoallotype; P: paratype; PL: paralectotype; n: not a type;

HNHM: Hungaryan Natural History Museum (Budapest, Hungary); NHMW: Naturhistorisches Museum (Vienna, Austria); ZMBBU: Zoological Museum, Babeş-Bolyai University (Cluj, Romania). Name [synonymy] Type Sex Specimen Image Depository Acrida bara Steinmann, 1963 H m 1 8 HNHM Acrida coronata Steinmann, 1963 H m 1 8 HNHM Acrida crida Steinmann, 1963 H m 1 10 HNHM Acrida exota Steinmann, 1963 H m 1 9 HNHM Acrida formosana Steinmann, 1963 H m 1 8 HNHM Acrida fumata Steinmann, 1963 H m 1 9 HNHM Acrida gyarosi Steinmann, 1963 H m 1 7 HNHM Acrida hsiai Steinmann, 1963 H m 1 8 HNHM Acrida montana Steinmann, 1963 H m 1 8 HNHM Acrida rufipes Steinmann, 1963 H m 1 8 HNHM Acrida shanghaica Steinmann, 1963 H m 1 8 HNHM Acrida tjiamuica Steinmann, 1963 H m 1 8 HNHM Andreiniimon nuptialis (Karny, 1918) S m 1 6 NHMW Anterastes serbicus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 S, n mf 3 11 NHMW Arcyptera brevipennis brevipennis (Brunner von attenwyl, 1861) S m 1 5 NHMW Asiotmethis nigripedis Steinmann, 1966 H, P mf 2 10 HNHM Asiotmethis tauricus flavipes Steinmann, 1966 H m 1 6 HNHM Barbitistes constrictus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 L m 1 6 NHMW Barbitistes kaltenbachi Harz, 1965 S* m 1 5 NHMW Barbitistes obtusus Targioni-Tozzetti, 1881 n m 1 7 NHMW Barbitistes yersini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 L, PL mf 2 9 NHMW Calliptamus barbarus palaestinensis Ramme, 1930 P f 1 7 HNHM Calliptamus barbarus pallidipes f. salina Maran, 1954 P f 1 3 HNHM [= Calliptamus barbarus barbarus (Costa, 1836)] Calliptamus italicus insularis Ramme, 1951 P f 1 3 HNHM [= Calliptamus italicus italicus (Linnaeus, 1758)] Chifanicus divum (Steinmann, 1965) H f 1 8 HNHM Chrotogonus armatus Steinmann, 1965 H f 1 9 HNHM Chrotogonus changi Steinmann, 1965 H f 1 4 HNHM [= Chrotogonus armatus Steinmann, 1965] Chrotogonus russicus Steinmann, 1965 H, P mf 2 10 HNHM [= Chrotogonus turanicus Kuthy, 1905] Chrotogonus skopini Steinmann, 1965 H f 1 4 HNHM [= Chrotogonus turanicus Kuthy, 1905] Circotettix stenometopus (Strohecker & Buxton, 1963) P m 1 5 HNHM Conocephalus kisi kisi Harz, 1967 H, P mf 2 13 NHMW Euchorthippus declivus stichai Maran, 1954 P mf 2 10 HNHM [= Euchorthippus declivus (Brisout de Barneville, 1848)] Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 18 METALEPTEA

Name [synonymy] Type Sex Specimen Image Depository Gampsocleis abbreviata abbreviata Herman, 1874 S, n m 2 11 NHMW Gryllus chopardi Kis, 1967 P m 1 5 HNHM [= Modicogryllus truncatus (Tarbinsky, 1940)] Isophya dobrogensis Kis, 1994 H m 1 7 HNHM Leptophyes boscii Fieber, 1853 S m 1 5 NHMW Melanoplus gurneyi Strohecker, 1960 P m 1 4 HNHM Metaballus sagaeformis Herman, 1874 L, n mf 3 13 NHMW Metaplastes ornatus (Ramme, 1931) A f 1 5 NHMW Microtes helferi (Strohecker, 1960) P m 1 4 HNHM Modestana modesta (Fieber, 1853) S* f 1 8 NHMW Montana montana montana (Kollar, 1833) H f 1 7 NHMW Montana stricta (Zeller, 1849) H f 1 7 NHMW Neduba steindachneri (Herman, 1874) S m 1 6 NHMW Odontopodisma carpathica Kis, 1961 P m 1 7 HNHM Oedaleus infernalis pendulus Steinmann, 1965 H m 1 3 HNHM [= Dociostaurus maroccanus (Thunberg, 1815)] Oedipoda aurea jordanica Steinmann, 1965 H m 1 6 HNHM Oedipoda discessa Steinmann, 1965 H f 1 5 HNHM Oedipoda perurbana Steinmann, 1965 H f 1 4 HNHM [= Oedipoda miniata miniata (Pallas, 1771)] Oedipoda schochii monotona Steinmann, 1965 H f 1 6 HNHM Oedipoda turkestanica Steinmann, 1965 H f 1 8 HNHM Paradrymadusa sordida (Herman, 1874) S mf 3 14 NHMW Pholidoptera aptera karnyi Ebner, 1908 H, n mf 2 13 NHMW Pholidoptera dalmatica maritima Zeuner, 1931 S** m 1 5 NHMW Pholidoptera ebneri Ramme, 1931 H, A mf 2 17 NHMW Pholidoptera frivaldszkyi (Herman, 1871) S mf 2 12 ZMBBU Pholidoptera macedonica cavallae Kaltenbach, 1965 H m 1 7 NHMW Polysarcus scutatus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882) S m 1 9 NHMW Rhachidorus marginatus Herman, 1874 L, LA mf 2 10 NHMW Saga gracilis Kis, 1962 H m 1 7 HNHM Sphingonotus beybienkoi percomis Steinmann, 1968 H, A* f 2 10 HNHM [= Sphingonotus eurasius eurasius Mishchenko, 1937] Sphingonotus eurasius bazyluki Steinmann, 1968 H f 1 6 HNHM [= Sphingonotus eurasius eurasius Mishchenko, 1937] Sphingonotus maculatus culpatus Steinmann, 1968 H m 1 4 HNHM [= Sphingonotus maculatus maculatus Uvarov, 1925] Sphingonotus tenuipennis secundus Steinmann, 1968 H m 1 4 HNHM [= Sphingonotus eurasius eurasius Mishchenko, 1937] Thamnotrizon mikoi Herman, 1871 S mf 2 13 ZMBBU [= Pholidoptera aptera aptera (Fabricius, 1793)]*** Uromenus dyrrhachiacus (Karny, 1918) S m 1 6 NHMW Zeuneriana marmorata (Fieber, 1853) S f 1 9 NHMW

Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 19 METALEPTEA

Holotype of Acrida shanghaica (left), and lectotype of Metaballus sagaeformis (right) Working report on OSF Grant “Calling songs of West Palearctic Tettigonioidea” By KLAUS-GERARD HELLER GERMANY [email protected] ew recordings of the 1 Anterastes antitauricus 30 Parapholidoptera antaliae calling songs of 50 spe- 2 Anterastes babadaghi 31 Parapholidoptera distincta cies of West Palearctic 3 Anterastes ucari 32 Parapholidoptera signata Tettigonioidea have been added to Orthop- 4 Bolua turkiyae 33 Parapholidoptera spinulosa NN tera Species File (OSF). 5 Eupholidoptera anatolica 34 Parapholidoptera ziganensis After digitization, all available sound 6 Eupholidoptera annulipes 35 Pholidoptera brevipes files of the respective species (Table 7 Eupholidoptera cypria 36 Pholidoptera transylvanica 1) were examined with the most suitable ones selected for uploading. 8 Eupholidoptera epirotica 37 Poecilimon aegaeus These files were then cleaned and 9 Eupholidoptera forcipata 38 Poecilimon angulatus trimmed to an appropriate length. In 10 Eupholidoptera karabagi 39 Poecilimon deplanatus many species, they were combined 11 Eupholidoptera krueperi 40 Poecilimon ege with special recordings of the wing 12 Eupholidoptera kykladica 41 Poecilimon gerlindae movements during singing and additionally saved as two-channel record- 13 Eupholidoptera mersinensis 42 Poecilimon graciloides ings. Following this, with the assis- 14 Eupholidoptera tucherti 43 Poecilimon ikariensis tance of Holger Braun, the metadata 15 Eupholidoptera unimacula 44 Poecilimon inflatus were prepared and all files, often two 16 Eupholidoptera uvarovi 45 Poecilimon izmirensis or more per species (all together, 84 files), were sent to OSF. 17 Isophya anatolica 46 Poecilimon kutahiensis 18 Isophya mavromoustakisi 47 Poecilimon lodosi 19 Isophya miksici 48 Poecilimon martinae martinae 20 Isophya salmani 49 Poecilimon pulcher 21 Isophya staneki 50 Poecilimon roseoviridis 22 Lithodusa helverseni 51 Poecilimon serratus 23 Montana armeniaca 52 Poecilimon soulion 24 Montana taurica 53 Poecilimon tschorochensis 25 Odontura glabricauda 54 Poecilimon unispinosus 26 Odontura stenoxypha arcuata 55 Psorodonotus specularis 27 Odontura stenoxypha stenoxypha 56 Rhacocleis crypta Table 1 (right). List of recorded spe- 28 Paradrymadusa aksirayi 57 Rhacocleis lithoscirtetes cies with sound files sent to OSF. 29 Paradrymadusa brevicerca 58 Scotodrymadusa syriaca

Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 20 METALEPTEA Rainproof katydids from the Yungas in the Argentine Northwest By HOLGER BRAUN Museo de La Plata, ARGENTINA [email protected] he Yungas are a type of mountain forest on the eastern slope of the An- des from Peru, Bolivia, and northern Argentina. TT The southernmost extensions are still a little bit reminiscent of mountain rainforest in Ecuador, were I did fieldwork between 1997 and 2000 and a few times afterward. Sev- eral species of birds I knew from there also occur in the Yungas in the Argen- tine Northwest. After having visited the region three times in the wrong season for katydids (birding trips in early and mid spring in the southern hemisphere), I finally went there in March of this year, staying for a week in the private reserve Eco-Portal de Piedra (Sierra de Santa Bárbara, Pro- vinica de Jujuy). Since Typophyllum inflatum lives in the woods around the Iguazú Falls in the northeastern tip of Argentina (Braun 2015), I was hoping to discover a species of little walking leaf in the Yungas too. However, searching at night the understory vegetation along the trails, occasionally listening with an ultrasound detector, neither could I find one, nor did I hear the pure-tone sound typical of forest- Figure 1. A few impressions of the forest; top: trees in clouds and small creek at almost 2000 dwelling Typophyllum species. m; middle: mountain forest at medium elevation; bottom: transitional forest (Chaco Húmedo/ Altogether only eleven species of Yungas) at around 1100 m. katydids were found, three Cono- cephalinae and eight Phaneropterinae. cerci, and coloration. The first record chypterous female which cannot be Many of the individuals were covered of this neotropical genus for Argen- accommodated in any of the described with tiny droplets (Fig. 2C), due to tina. Among the Phaneropterinae genera of short-winged Phanerop- the rainy weather, often the entire for- are Ceraia cf. cornutoides Caudell, terinae (Fig. 2E). When I arrived, est being within clouds. At the edge of a species of the so far monospecific the owners of the reserve retreived the wood near the cabin were calling genus Enthephippion (possibly Am- from the freezer a female specimen of Conocephalus borellii (Giglio-Tos) aura olivacea Brunner von Wattenwyl Gongrocnemis hilaris (Brunner von and a species of Neoconocephalus. A described from Brazil, currently in Wattenwyl) (Pseudophyllinae) which unique blue-headed Copiphorini male genus Homotoicha), Hyperophora they had found a few weeks earlier. turned out to belong to an unknown brasiliensis Brunner von Wattenwyl, After three days with a lot of rain it species of Moncheca, resembling M. Scaphura sp., and Stilpochlora incisa cleared up and the top of the cordil- viridis (Redtenbacher), but differing Brunner von Wattenwyl. Perhaps the lera became finally visible, so it was in shape of fastigium, morphology of most interesting find is a unique bra- possible to ascend to a refuge at 2000 Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 21 METALEPTEA Figure 2. Some m. However, on a nocturnal search in Phaneropterinae: A. the surrounding forest not a single ka- Stilpnochlora incisa , tydid could be seen or heard. Appar- male (total length 7.5 cm); B. Scaphura ently too late in the season for higher sp., female (a rather elevations, overall very few insects diurnal mimic of were around up there. I am planning spider wasps); C. to return earlier in the next year. not yet identified species, female; D. Enthephippion sp., Acknowledgements female; E. female I am very grateful to the Strelkov family belonging to an of Eco-Portal de Piedra for their hospital- unknown genus ity and company on the search for katy- (15 mm without dids (and birds). I am looking forward to ovipositor). returning to their beautiful reserve.

Reference Cited Braun, H. 2015. The little walking leaves from Iguazú National Park (NE Argentina) – comparisons between subtropical and tropical Typophyllum species (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pterochrozinae). Journal of Orthop- tera Research. 24(2):55–58.

Figure 3. Male of an undescribed species of Mon- checa (Copiphorini), rain-protected on underside of a leaf; oscillogram and linear spectrogram of one call (cage recording, 21ºC).

Collecting in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique By RICARDO MARIÑO-PÉREZ & BERT FOQUET Texas A&M University, U.S.A. [email protected], [email protected] Introduction miombo, with dominant trees of the tion Project (for more information Gorongosa National Park is a genus Brachystegia. After wildlife visit www.gorongosa.org). The park natural paradise located in the cen- endured heavy blows during the civil is also the main focus of a large scale tral part of Mozambique and extends war (1977-1992), it is now recover- biodiversity-survey, making it one over approximately 4,000 km2. It is ing. Management and conservation of the better-studied areas in Africa. composed of savanna, woodland, and is a joint effort between the Govern- We, two Ph.D. students from the Song grasslands. The savanna is a par- ment of Mozambique and The Carr laboratory of Insect Systematics and ticular closed-canopy savanna called Foundation/The Gorongosa Restora- Evolution at Texas A&M University,

Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 22 METALEPTEA

Figures 1-3. Some pyrgomorphs. 1. Atractomorpha acutipennis acutipennis. 2. Chrotogonus hemipterus (fully-winged form). 3. Chorotogonus hemipterus (short-winged form).

on the systematics of Pyrgomorphidae. The National Park is home to 10 species of this interesting grasshopper family, making it an optimal locality to study their behavior.

A quest for pyrgomorphs This turned out to be harder than expected because most species of pyrgomorphs were nowhere to be found. While our first day yielded two species of pyrgomorphs, Atrac- tomorpha acutipennis acutipennis (Guérin- Méneville, 1844 )(Fig. 1) and Chrotogonus hemipterus Schaum, 1853 (Fig. 2-3), this good luck completely stopped after that. Every suitable location for other species of pyrgomorphs led to no results, while the two mentioned species could be found at basically all localities Figures 4-15. Some Caelifera. 4. Hemiacris fervens. 5. Catantopinae. 6. Loboschmidti milleri. 7-8. Thericles sp. 9. in which their habitat Eumastacoidea. 10. Mesopsis laticornis. 11. Acorypha pallidicornis. 12. Oxycatantops spissus. 13. Pamphagidae. 14 was present. Interest- Abisares viridipennis. 15. Lobosceliana sp. ingly, we found both long-winged (Fig. 2) visited Gorongosa for two weeks dur- season. Our trip was in line with the and short-winged (Fig. ing last July in the middle of the dry Ph.D. project of RMP, who is working 3) forms of Chrotogonus and both forms even sometimes coexisted at Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 23 METALEPTEA ally a catantopine. Only on the very last day did we finally find an adult female of the genus Lobosceliana, which can sadly not be identified to the species level (Fig. 15). It was very amusing to see flying members of Cyrtacanthacridinae while driving in the jeep, after which we often quickly stopped, got out, and tried hard to catch the specimens; we usually succeeded after some minutes. Their size was remarkable as in the case of Ornithacris cyanea (Stoll, 1813) (Fig. 16). We also collected Cyrtacanthac- ris tatarica (Linnaeus, 1758) (not Figure 16. Ornithacris cyanea. illustrated). Furthermore, we collected several the same locality. It is hard to know species of katydids, like Terpnistria exactly why we only found two spe- sp. (not pictured), Zabalius oph- cies of Pyrgomorphidae. Probably thalmicus (Walker, 1896) (Fig. 17), several factors were at play here, Tylopsis sp. (Fig. 18), and the scary including the extremely dry rainy sea- Enyaliopsis sp. (Fig. 19). This last son this year. Luckily for us, collect- one was present in large numbers ing other Orthoptera was easier. at the campsite, but we were never- theless unable to find an adult. The General collecting remaining groups of Orthoptera were Apart from Gorongosa National well-covered too, with an immature Park, the orthopteran fauna of Mo- specimen each of both Gryllacrididae Figures 17-20. Some Ensifera. 17. Zabalius zambique is not well-studied and Or- ophthalmicus. 18. Tylopsis sp. 19. Enyaliopsis and Stenopelmatidae, several speci- thoptera Species File contains records sp. 20. Gryllotalpa africana. mens of Tridactylidae and Tetrigidae, for only 99 species of Orthoptera and around 10 mole crickets of the from this country. We found several the subfamily that was ever present species Gryllotalpa africana Palisot species not included in this list during in all habitats was Gomphocerinae. de Beauvois, 1805 (Fig. 20). our relatively short stay and were Even they sometimes came in unusual surprised by the amount of atypical forms, like this rather convincing The African experience grasshoppers we encountered. Some grass-mimic, Mesopsis laticornis Having collected orthopterans of our favorites were Hemiacris fer- (Krauss, 1877) (Fig. 10). Some typi- before in, respectively, the Ameri- vens of the subfamily Hemiacridinae cal old world groups we commonly cas and Europe, collecting in Africa (Fig. 4) and immatures of the family encountered were Calliptaminae, was a new experience for both of us. Lentulidae (not pictured), which were represented by the single species Since the civil war in Mozambique both quite commonly encountered Acorypha pallidicornis (Stål, 1876) ended, antelopes, lions, elephants, on small branches of brushy plants (Fig. 11), and Catantopinae, of which hippos, and crocodiles are thriving and trees. Another species, living on we found several species, including in the park. This means that every the bark of trees, was the unidenti- Oxycatantops spissus (Walker, 1870) body of water, every grassy field, and fied, and very unusual, catantopine (Fig. 12). Another target during our every small bush becomes a potential in Figure 5, of which we only found trip was Pamphagidae. Four species hiding place for predators and big one specimen. These were certainly of these huge grasshoppers are re- four-footers (Figs. 21-23). Having not the only unusual grasshoppers corded for Gorongosa National Park, a ranger with us at all times was an we collected; we also encountered but our early search efforts yielded assurance we quickly learned to ap- several members of the Eumastacoi- only immatures of both Pamphagidae preciate. At one of the known locali- dea, including Loboschmidti milleri (Fig. 13) and Abisares viridipennis ties for Dictyophorus griseus griseus (Descamps, 1964) (Fig. 6), Thericles (Burmeister, 1838) (Fig. 14). The (Reiche & Fairmaire, 1849), we not sp. (Fig. 7 & 8), and an unidenti- latter can easily be confused with a only came across ridiculously-fresh fied immature (Fig. 9). Of course, pamphagid at first sight, but is actu- elephant stool (Fig. 24), but we also Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 24 METALEPTEA Acknowledgements We are very grateful to Piotr Naskrecki who has been working on an inventory of insects and other animals in Gorongosa National Park in recent years. He was the main reason why we chose Gorongo- sa as a destination above other localities in Africa and he made our field work easier by guid- ing us towards the best locations. Additionally, Naskrecki helped us to identify the great major- ity of the species that we collected. We would further like to thank all Figures 21-24. Some habitats of Gorongosa National Park. other personnel working had a visit from three lions a mere dangerous in African, but, luckily, at the Chitengo campsite 200 m in distance away from us while it seldom attacks people. Gratefully, who helped us with the logistics of travel collecting outside our vehicle. An- none of these close encounters spoiled and field work in the park, including, but other noteworthy encounter happened the fun of collecting in an environ- not restricted to, Marc Stalmans, Jason on our final day when we saw a black ment so rich in mammals, birds, and Denlinger, Ricardo Guta, Anne Marching- ton, Vasco Galante, and the whole team of mamba sliding away from the general insects, where every day brought a park rangers. area in which we collected the adult new surprise. pamphagid. This snake is the most Collecting in Costa Rica: in search of Orthoptera By RICARDO MARIÑO-PÉREZ, DEREK A. WOLLER, BERT FOQUET, & RYAN T. SELKING Song Laboratory of Insect Systematics and Evolution Texas A&M University, U.S.A. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Introduction Costa Rica. The primary goal of the until dusk, took a short dinner break, Costa Rica possesses a high diver- trip was to collect local Schistocerca and went right back out to collect sity of species of Orthoptera consid- species in 100% ethanol for DNA- Ensifera at night. ering its relatively small size (only preservation purposes. However, 51,100 km2 or 0.034% of the total other goals included collecting other Site 1: Tapantí National Park (580 land mass on Earth!). There are 190 orthopterans for later DNA extraction, km2) species of Caelifera and 291 species preserving particular grasshopper This park, located close to Cartago of Ensifera reported (OSF, 2016), species in RNAlater to examine gene City and only 35 km away from San which combined, make up 1.75% of expression, and simply drying numer- José, consists of humid mountainous the orthopteran diversity of the world. ous species of interest to pin upon forests at an elevation between 1,300 As a part of an ongoing research proj- returning. For identification purposes to 2,500 m.a.s.l. Furthermore, it has ect, our advisor Dr. Hojun Song took we used Hugh Rowell’s highly help- one of the highest precipitation levels the four of us, his graduate students, ful Grasshoppers of Costa Rica and (7,000 mm per year) in Costa Rica. on a magnificent two-week expedi- Panama. Each day we got an early These factors have a very clear influ- tion to multiple National Parks in start and basically collected Caelifera ence on the humidity-loving flora that

Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 25 METALEPTEA

Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 26 METALEPTEA

Plate 1. Some Orthoptera encountered during our expedition to Costa Rica: A. Homeomastax sp.; B. Hylopedetes cruentus; C. Munatia sp.; D. Silvitettix cf. communis; E. Plectronotus scaber; F. prob. Chiriquia serrata; G. Microtylopteryx fusiformis; H. prob. Mimetica sp.; I. Anaphidna rubricorpus; J. Rhicnoderma humilis; K. Chromacris trogon; L. Steirodon sp.; M. prob. Schedocentrus sp.; N. Phlugis sp.; O. Phalangopsidae; P. Copio- cera specularis; Q. Copiphora cf. hastata; R. Chromacris sp.; S. Lithoscirtus tesselatus; T. Rhachicreagra melanota; U. Munatia punctata; V. prob. Orophus sp.; W& X. Orophus cf. conspersus; Y. prob. Lophaspis hebardi; Z&AA. Mimetica cf. incisa; BB. Gryllacrididae; CC. Melanonotus powellorum; DD. Processing orthopteran material at night; EE, FF & GG. Members of the expedition hard at work in the field. dominates the park, which in turn, ferns, such as Homeomastax sp. (Fig. Then, as we were driving by some influences the orthopteran fauna in A). We also collected Hylopedetes interesting-looking plants, the keen the park. The first thing we collected cruentus Rehn, 1929 (Fig. B) of the eyes of our newest lab member (RS) were some eumastacoids sitting on subfamily Rhytidochrotinae on ferns. managed to spot a female of the big, Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 27 METALEPTEA beautiful romaleid Munatia sp. (Fig. Site 2: Carara National Park of Costa Rica (well that, and you can C) on the plant’s enormous leaves. (52 km2) easily see sloths and various mon- These plants were growing in a very This park is located only 1 km from keys here, which we did!). Although humid bend of the main unpaved road the Pacific Ocean, with an elevation we only spent one day here, our near a small stream, where we man- between 100 to 640 m.a.s.l. For- visit yielded great things, like a new aged to find a few more well-camou- est types include tropical rainforest, subfamily of Acrididae: Copiocerinae, flagedMunatia specimens. One of the tropical wet forest, and tropical moist represented by a single specimen of most commonly encountered species forest. While it is known by most Copiocera specularis Gerstaecker, in this park was the gomphocerine tourists as a prime locality for see- 1889 (Fig. P). Also, even though it Silvitettix cf. communis (Fig. D). Fur- ing the magnificent scarlet macaws was daytime, we found a conocepha- thermore, we were surprised to find (which we saw!), it should now line nymph, Copiphora cf. hastata that the seemingly endless moss beds also be known as a prime locality (Fig. Q) near a beautiful waterfall not that lined the main road, enabled by to see (and collect, if you have the long after we encountered a rather the high humidity, contained impres- proper permit, of course) Rhicno- large snake hiding in front of us just sive levels of Tetrigidae. Among them derma humilis Rehn, 1905 (Fig. J) off the main trail. were Plectronotus scaber Morse, of the romaleid tribe Bactrophorini. 1900 (Fig. E) and probably Chiriquia Once again, the excellent eyes of RS Site 4: Monteverde Cloud Forest serrata (Fig. F). Additionally, Micro- found the first specimen, and much Biological Reserve (105 km2) tylopteryx fusiformis Rehn, 1905 (Fig. to our delight, we then found more In the final destination of the trip G) of the subfamily Ommatolampidi- and more. Believe it or not, after (and one of the greenest places nae was quite abundant. Moving on to many hours of collecting them, we we’ve ever seen!), we spent three Ensifera, the amazing finds continued. saw so many that we decided to stop days in a very specific cloud forest For instance, when looking at the collecting the Rhicnoderma. In the habitat, filled with epiphytes, ferns, nymph in Figure H, probably belong- end, this turned out to be one of the and lichens. Strikingly, despite this ing to the genus Mimetica of the best-collected series of the entire trip. abundance of seemingly-excellent tettigoniid subfamily Pterochrozinae, It is a remarkable species due to its flora, our first and last day in the park you have to appreciate the abdomen striking sexual dimorphism in terms were almost without grasshoppers. extensions that resemble lichens. In of color. Clearly, it was mating season Our second day showed us why this fact, one night for almost an hour (and because of how frequently we saw might be: sunny, open spots are rare using a microscope and forceps), we them copulating. Contrastingly, we in Monteverde due to the dense for- debated whether or not these lichen- collected only a single specimen of est and resident grasshoppers seem like pieces were truly part of its body each of the romaleids: Chromacris to flock to them. Thus, if you know or if they were true lichens just grow- trogon (Gerstaecker, 1873) (Fig. K), where to find such spots, you can find ing on its body; this level of mimicry and Colpolopha bruneri Rehn 1905 the grasshoppers, and thanks to two of goes far beyond our expectations! The (not pictured). Once we switched to the local rangers, Randall and Nés- very next day, we were amazed even night-collecting mode we found an tor, our second day really stood out further when we found Anaphidna enormous Steirodon sp. (Fig. L) of the because that’s exactly where they took rubricorpus (Cadena-Castañeda, subfamily Phaneropterinae, a pseudo- us: to several excellent spots inacces- 2012) (Fig. I) of the phaneropterine phylline, probably Schedocentrus sp. sible to tourists. Fortunately, being tribe Dysoniini. As you can see, the (Fig. M), a very small meconematine, open seems to be more important mimicry even extends into the spiral- Phlugis sp. (Fig. N), and an unidenti- than being sunny because it rained ing antennae! Lastly, we also feel fied species of the family Phalangop- very hard on us for most of the day compelled to mention that we were sidae (Fig. O). Lastly for this area, we (Fig. EE), but we still caught lots of privileged to see a very rare sight found one of the strangest tetrigids of incredible taxa. The habitats consisted during our first night of collecting: a this trip: a tree-dweller with yellow- of grass, ferns, and brushy plants, and tapir! We came around a curve in our ish-white longitudinal stripes (not we found about ten different species vehicle and this mesmerizing mam- pictured), of which we sadly, only of grasshoppers in them that we had mal was suddenly in front us, walking managed to collect a single specimen. not seen anywhere else on the trip. towards our vehicle and then into the Among them, a green metallic Litho- woods; unfortunately, we were all too Site 3: Manuel Antonio National scirtus tesselatus Rowell, 2000 (Fig. excited to take a single photograph. Park (20 km2) S) of the subfamily Proctolabinae and This park is quite small and runs the ommatolampidine Rhachicreagra alongside the Pacific Ocean, which is melanota Jago & Rowell, 1981 (Fig. the reason it is the most touristic park T). We also found a male of the ro- Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 28 METALEPTEA maleid Munatia punctata Stål, 1875 Final Thoughts Society for “Most Dangerous Catch” (Fig. U) and an unidentifiedPararhic - If you have ever been on a field because he leaned far out over a cliff noderma (not pictured). Finally, to our expedition such as this one, then you (hidden inside all the green) and nar- surprise, in a coffee plantation outside will understand the extraordinary rowly avoided death thanks to DAW’s Monteverde, Song found an aggrega- lengths you must often go through helping hand. The good news is that tion of nymphs and adults of Chro- to process all the material for a safe he caught it (R. melanota in Fig. T)… macris sp. (Fig. R). He was on a tour return. We often spent 2-4 hours each and he’s still alive! with his family, which just shows you night doing this, and got very good Overall, we were extremely im- that orthopterists always have to be at turning anything in the room into a pressed with the quantity and quality ready for anything. Near-by, we also makeshift processing center as shown of the material that we collected in found 2nd and 3rd instars of the only in Figure DD. Specimens were all only four areas in two weeks. We can Pyrgomorphidae recorded for Central collected alive into “Port-A-Bugs” for only imagine the number of species America, Prosphena scudderi Bolívar, Song to examine in order to determine that could be collected during system- 1884 (not pictured). which preservation route each speci- atic collecting events throughout the Regarding Ensifera, in Figures W men would take. First, the material year. We collected far more species and X it is possible to see different for RNAlater was processed, followed than the ones we mentioned here and morphs of Orophus cf. conspersus by putting the rest of the material we are excited to sort through our that were found within a few meters into cyanide killing jars to preserve preserved specimens and pin our dry of each other. A possible third morph, color. Next, all specimens were sorted material in order to identify them all. also found near-by, can be seen in to morphospecies; some material Perhaps we will write again when we Figure V, but we are currently unsure went into 100% ethanol while the have updates to share. if it is the same species; regardless, remaining material was processed for We thank CONAGEBIO for permit the diversity within such a small area eventual pinning. For the big speci- R-034-2016-OT-CONAGEBIO, all is astounding! At night, as always, mens, this was done via evisceration the National Park rangers for their we saw terrific ensiferans, such as a followed by filling them with stuff- kind assistance, and a special thanks probable Lophaspis hebardi Rehn, ing powder and cotton. After this, all to Randall Zamora Castro and Nés- 1947 (Fig. Y) and two specimens of material was put into paper envelopes tor Guevara, Research Assistants in the vastly polymorphic Mimetica cf. and kept inside plastic containers with Monteverde Cloud Forest Biological incisa (Figs. Z & AA). As with the desiccant. Reserve, for their excellent guidance lichen mimics mentioned earlier, the As mentioned earlier, rain was in locating amazing orthopterans. ability of these katydids to have their prevalent in Monteverde, but a true Also, special thanks to Oscar Javier wings mimic leaves so well (even to orthopterist keeps on collecting (and Cadena-Castañeda, Hendrik Devriese, the level of texture) is simply remark- taking detailed field notes) as you can and Josip Skejo for the identification able and the evolutionary processes see in Fig. EE. We even tried search- of several species of Ensifera and that led to this ability are difficult to ing the canopy for the more elusive Tetrigidae. If you would like to see imagine. We also saw lots of uniden- orthopterans using a metal suspension more photos from our expedition, fol- tified Gryllacrididae (e.g. Fig. BB) bridge hanging high above the forest low this link to the Costa Rica photo and Melanonotus powellorum Rentz, floor, but all we found was this great section of Song Lab’s website: http:// 1975 (Fig. CC), a pseudophylline of photo (Fig. FF). Lastly, BF should tinyurl.com/zbtul2s. the tribe Cocconotini, and the small win an award from the Orthopterists’ leaf mimic Pycnopalpa bicordata (Saint-Fargeau & Serville, 1825) (not pictured) among several other species of ensiferans. We must also point out that, despite targeted search efforts, we failed to find the katydids from this region that mimic lichens from the tribe Dysoniini, like members of the genera Markia and Lichenomor- phus. All of us were very excited to see one in person, so it will remain a goal for the next expedition.

The Song Lab and Family in Costa Rica Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 29 METALEPTEA people who will be presenting, it is I would like to thank all those who Editorial likely to be a small meeting, but I have contributed to this issue as well By HOJUN SONG certainly hope that we will be able to as our Associate Editor, Derek A. Editor, Metaleptea discuss big ideas about the future of Woller, for his continued assistance in [email protected] orthopterology, our society, and how the editorial process. he summer of 2016 flew best to move forward. This will be my To publish in Metaleptea, please by so quickly and it’s fifth ICO, after Montellier, Canmore, send your contribution to hsong@ hard to believe that it’s Antalya, and Kunming, and I am very tamu.edu with a subject line starting already the middle of excited about this Congress. with [Metaleptea]. As for the format, September. For those of As always, this issue is full of a MS Word document is preferred and TT us who are living in the interesting contents and it certainly images should be in JPEG or TIFF northern hemisphere, summer is often conveys the correct impression that format with a resolution of at least the busiest time of the year filled with orthopterists are a busy and active 144 DPI. Please do not embed figures fieldwork, grant writing, and travel, group of scientists. I was particularly in the Word document, but send along and my summer was no exception. In excited to see the OSF grant reports. separate figure files. The next issue May, I visited Dan Otte at the Acad- Our society has invested in the OSF of Metaleptea will be published in emy of Natural Sciences in Philadel- for quite some time and it is fantastic January of 2017, so please send me phia to discuss a collaborative project to see that numerous people are work- content promptly. I look forward to on South African lentulids. In June, ing hard to continue to improve it. hearing from you soon! I visited Maria Marta Cigliano and Martina Pocco in Argentina to start a collaborative project on the South Officers of the Orthopterists’ Society American locust, Schistocerca cancellata. July was mostly spent writing President: Michael Samways, Department of Conservation Ecology a grant proposal and working with & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa. visiting student researchers in my lab. [email protected] In August, I took my four graduate President-Elect: Alexandre Latchininsky, Department of Ecosystem Science students (in fact, you can read about and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA. their experience in this very issue) [email protected] and my family to Costa Rica for two Executive Director: David Hunter, Locust and Grasshopper Control, weeks to collect Orthoptera. 125 William Webb Drive, McKellar ACT 2617 Australia. Now, it is the beginning of the fall [email protected] semester here in College Station and Treasurer: Pamm Mihm, 2417 Fields South Drive, Champaign, IL 61822 I find myself struggling to teach two USA. [email protected]. graduate-level courses, simultane- Managing Editor JOR: Corinna S.Bazelet, Department of Conservation ously writing multiple manuscripts, Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South editing a couple of journals and this Africa. [email protected] newsletter, while also closely working Editorial Assistant JOR: Nancy Morris, Department of Biology, University with my students on their upcoming of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada. presentations at the International Con- [email protected] gress of Entomology (ICE) in Orlando Manager Orthopterists’ Society Website: Piotr Naskrecki, Museum of as well as the International Congress Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. of Orthopterology (ICO) in Brazil! [email protected] After that, I will probably struggle to Associate Manager OS Website: David C.F. Rentz, 19 Butler Dr., Kuranda, work on multiple grant proposals to Queensland, Australia. [email protected] meet the January deadline. Very busy, Editor Metaleptea: Hojun Song, Department of Entomology, Texas A&M and certainly tiring, but we academics University, College Station, TX, USA. [email protected] somehow manage to go on and actu- Associate Editor Metaleptea: Derek A. Woller, Department of Entomology, ally have fun along the way (at least Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. [email protected] once in a while). Well, I did not mean Orthoptera Species File Officer: María Marta Cigliano, División to rant, but it sure seems so. Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, This year is special for our Society La Plata, Argentina. [email protected] because we will meet in Brazil for The Ted Cohn Research Fund Manager: Michel Lecoq, CIRAD, France. the 12th ICO. Based on the roster of [email protected] Volume 36 (3) / September 2016 30