Architecture KITTY LAI SHU YIN S1617644 UNIT 5 TRANS
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UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN: TECTONICS UNIT 5 TRANSFORMING SCOTLAND’S TOWNS KITTY LAI SHU YIN MA (Hons) Architecture 2019 - 20 Re-Thinking The High Street s1617644 FALKIRK COMMUNITY LIBRARY Unit 5 Transforming Scotland’s Towns Re-Thinking The High Street Located in the central lowlands of Scotland, Falkirk was histor- ically a crucial town for agriculture and manufacturing, which also connects to larger cities such as Edinburgh and Glasgow. Due to changes in retail and commercial patterns, the closure of retail shops caused a lack of variety and mobility in Falkirk’s high street. This addresses the need to reintroduce new and diverse energies in the high street. Falkirk is also the social and economic centre to 20 nearby dependent towns. Hence, the revitalisation of the Falkirk High Street is crucial not only for the local community but for the wider region. In a broader sense, the study of Falkirk town centre demonstrates the need for new purpose and vibrancy in many other high streets in Scotland today as they struggle to survive. With desert- ed town centres and automobile-dependent residential neigh- bourhoods, the call for the return of high-density living become more immediate. 02 According to USP figures, Falkirk has a significant number of res- idents who travel over 30 km to work and to study; these figures are much higher than other towns with more further education opportunities. The past of Falkirk has informed us of the momen- tous history of Technical institutes since the 1940s. It was until the 1960s when all of the four original trade training centres merged into a single Technical College, now known as the Forth Valley College. It is the only higher and further education institute in Falkirk today. We believe that education is the key catalyst of town regeneration since Falkirk has sufered from most of its popula- Former Falkirk Bus Terminal tion travelling beyond the town for work and study. The project creates a lifelong learning hub that ofers a diverse education and living experience. The area includes a community library, studio and workshop spaces, a theatre with housing and a student housing on top of an education and sports complex. Traf- fic and buses are rerouted into this area in order to bring people back into the High Street and reactivate the town centre. Retail on High Street Callendar Riggs Past We looked at the evolution of the landscape of the High Street 1. Research — due to our site’s proximity to an extensive amount of green space. The theme of education also emerged as we found a Past, Present, Future constant emphasis on handcrafts and vocational education in Falkirk’s past. Changes in the boundary of green space Evolution of the ring road Hundred Years of Falkirk High Street High Street Housing Houses at the time was 2 Silver Row to 3 storeys high, slated. This area used to be site of Housing on some streets public buildings, e.g. St Francis Primary School, graveyard, pri- 03 Extendslike Back from Row the were High very Street vate houses and Masonic Arms. toirregularly the Market built. Road. 2 storey The development programme in the late 1950s has brought Town Steeple closure and demolition to Sil- Forth Valley College The physical and cultural sym- improvement scheme in 1903, First gas work ver Row, with the are replaced The previous Forth Valley bol of Falkirk. The frst steeple Owned by the Falkirk Gas by Callendar Shopping Centre. College in Falkirk closed in was built in 1697. The current Company, the small manu Due to unpopularity, it was December 2019, New Falkirk one dates from 1814, designed facturing plant was built in demolished in the late 1960s, Campus is the opened in by Scottish architect David High Station Road 1829 opposite to the lodge of replaced with the current Cal- January 2020, now known as Hamilton. Formerly known as Cow Belmont House. lendar Square since 1994. the largest Forth Valley College Wynd, the town coucil decided Campus among the other two to rename the road as High in Alloa and Stirling. Station Road, which leads up to Falkirk High station. 1820 1890 1950 2020 Technical College Old Market Place Cow Wynd Doaks Dance Hall Tram station Falkirk Technical College Falkirk was a market town until Falkirk was once a walled A dance hall opened in Sep- There were two tramways in opened in September 1963, the second half of 19th century. town with fve entranc tember 1933 by Johnny Doaks, Falkirk, one ran round a circular it merged with Clackmannan The centre of High Street es, one of which is Cow The Roxy Theatre used to hold dancing classes. route linking the outer parts College in 2005 to form Forth was the site of markets, public Wynd. Town’s cattle were Originally the Erskine Church- of Falkirk from 1905 – 1936, Valley College. The merged proclamations, punishments herded out of the stone from the 18th Century, turned and another service operated college had eight departments, and executions. gate in Cow Wynd to to an Electric Theatre in 1910 between High Street and Lau- including Applied Science, En- pasture. and became the Roxy Theatre rieston from 1909 – 1924. gineering, Social Science, Care New churches in 1938. The theatre that was and Education. located in Silver Row, closed in March 1958 due to redevel- opment of the area in the late Age group A day in the life of an ofce staf A day in the life of grandma 04 To Forth Valley College From Falkirk Grahamston Station To Kelpies From Banknock To the bank To a cafe From Callendar House From Falkirk High Station Present In the present section, we focused on the connectivity of Falkirk as well as the living experience of local residents. We also discov- ered a lack of cultural facilities such as gym, theatre and library in the town centre. Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Active Travel Network 05 1820s Pre-industrial Falkirk History As the Second World War came to an end, there was a Despite the establishment of Carron Ironworks in 1759, heavy industry took a long time before greating growing recognition that Britain wanted to improve work- infuencing the development of Falkirk. The factors that created growth and prosperity in Falkirk was the force at every level required better education and training. the Forth and Clyde Canal completed in 1790 and the Falkirk Trysts. This resulted in Falkirk the four trade training centres, where Overall world population craft apprentices and technicians were offered to the job Today’s 2050 training, to enhance skills for the working purpose. High Street Housing Houses at the time was 2 to 3 storeys high, slated. Housing on some streets of like Back Row were very 2.5 billion people The irregularly built. Belmont House Town Steeple An elegant two storey man- The physical and cultural sym- sion owned by the sisters and bol of Falkirk. The frst steeple mother of Madeleine Hamilton Education Falkirk was built in 1697. The current East Bridge Road Smith, a 19th century Glasgow East burn one dates from 1814, designed Main entrance into the socialite. Her mother was the Suggested from the map of by Scottish architect David town from the east in daughter of architect David Falkirk in the Great Reform Act Hamilton. 18th century. Hamilton. 1932, there had been a water- course that ran from the Forth and Clyde Canal and passed Falkirk Future Mega-cities Future Rose Park Cottage the periphery of the town. A neat one storey cottage Mega-cities are cities with on Kerse Lane with garden 10 million inhabitants or more attached. Summer Sun The Four Trade Training Centres in the beginning: 1) In 1944, the frst was the County Trades School According to Unitied Nations’ projections, for building trade apprentices in the old Poors House in High Station Road. 2) County Mining Institute in Park Street opened in urbanisation combined with the overall 1947, formerly a the Grammar School of Falkirk. 3) In 1950, previous Blackbraes Primary School was of Old Market Place Cow Wynd Callendar Road converted into a centre for young workers in retail growth of the world’s population would Falkirk was a market town until Falkirk was once a walled The route to Falkirk and manufacturing, often subjects that no tradition- the second half of 19th century. town with fve entranc- from Edinburgh. It was The centre of High Street es, one of which is Cow opened in 1829. al apprenticeships was available. add another 2.5 billion to the urban popu- was the site of markets, public Wynd. Town’s cattle were 4) At the time the district still depended on 30 odd Falkirk Cattle Trysts The Cleddans proclamations, punishments herded out of the stone foundries and in 1952, the old Burnbank Foundry and executions. gate in Cow Wynd to The greatest cattle fairs in A common green enjoyed pasture. Europe in the 18th and 19th by the townfolks that has in Bainsford was developed sd the Foundry Trades lation by 2050. centuries. Farmers from all many uses such as gallows in Training Centre. Scotland and northern England the 17th century and parade came to sell their cattle at the ground for Falkirk Volunteers Over the next decade, these schools had expanded Trysts. They were held annu- 19th century. Since the completion of Forth and Clyde Canal in 1790, 19 foundries had been Falkirk ally in August, September and their range of subjects, leading the numbers of at- largest one in October. Falkirk on a Tryst Night established in or near Falkirk: James Grossart (1802–1891) tendants to increase dramatically.