Environmental Earth Sciences

Environmental Earth Sciences

Series Editors James W. LaMoreaux P.E. LaMoreaux and Associates, Tuscaloosa, USA

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8394

Hüseyin Gökçeku¸s · Umut Türker · James W. LaMoreaux Editors

Survival and Sustainability

Environmental Concerns in the 21st Century

123 Editors Assoc. Prof. Dr. Umut Türker Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Gökçeku¸s Near East University Near East University Dept. Civil Engineering Dept. Civil Engineering Nicosia, North Cyprus Mersin 10 Nicosia, North Cyprus Mersin 10 Turkey [email protected] Turkey [email protected]

Prof. Dr. James W. LaMoreaux P.E. LaMoreaux and Associates 2612 University Blvd. Tuscaloosa AL 35403 USA [email protected]

ISBN 978-3-540-95990-8 e-ISBN 978-3-540-95991-5 DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-95991-5 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York

Library of Congress Control Number: 2010925151

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

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Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword

The International Conference on Environment: Survival and Sustainability, held at the Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus 19-24 February 2007, dealt with environmental threats and proposed solutions at all scales. The 21 themes addressed by the conference fell into four broad categories: Threats to Survival and Sustainability; Technological Advances towards Survival and Sustainability; Activities and Tools for Social Change; Defining Goals for Sustainable Societies. Activities and tools that move the society towards greater sustainability were emphasized at the conference. These included environmental law and ethics, envi- ronmental knowledge, technology and information systems, media, environmental awareness, education and lifelong learning, the use of literature for environmen- tal awareness, the green factor in politics, international relations and environmental organizations. The breadth of the issues addressed at the conference made clear the need for greatly increased interdisciplinary and international collaboration in the survival and sustainability concept. The exchanges at the conference represent a step in this direction. It is hoped that this book will serve to contribute to increase in awareness towards various environmental issues as well as drawing more attention to the urgency of international cooperation and collaboration in pursuing sustainable environmental management.

Near East University, Nicosia Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Gökçeku¸s North Cyprus

v

Contents

Part I Conservation and Management of Biodiversity Characterization of Serratia sp. K1RP-49 for Application to the Rhizoremediation of Heavy Metals ...... 3 So-Yeon Koo and Kyung-Suk Cho Predators in ‘Agri-environmental’ Sweden: Rural Heritage and Resistance Against Wolf Propagation ...... 15 Annelie Sjölander-Lindqvist Seas, Ecological Balance and Sustainable Environment. Heavy Metals in the Water of Lake Ohrid and in Fish Species Belbica – Alburnus alburnus alborella de Filippi ...... 29 Suzana Aliu, S. Jusufi, Majlinda Daci, and Shefket Dehari Space Analysis and the Detection of the Changes for the Follow-Up of the Components Sand-Vegetation in the Area of Mecheria, Algerie ...... 37 Haddouche Idriss, Mederbal Khaladi, and Saidi Slim Biodiversity and Actual Status of Narta and Dukati Lagoons in Albania ...... 51 Liljana Elmazi and Evelina Bazini Approximation of Sea Surface to Optimize Tide Gauge Network .... 61 A.N. Vlasov, D.B. Volkov-Bogorodsky, V.A. Kurochkina, M.G. Mnushkin, and C.J. Blasi Improvement of Germination of Three Endemic Species of the Sierra Nevada (S. Spain) ...... 67 M. Díaz-Miguel, F. Serrano, and J.L. Rosúa Early Growth of Quercus castaneifolia (C.A. Meyer) Seedlings as Affected by Weeding, Shading and Irrigation ...... 75 Masoud Tabari, Javad Mirzaei, and Hadi Daroodi

vii viii Contents

The Role of Plant Diversity in Sustainable Exploitation in Highland Rangelands (Alborz Mountain – Iran) ...... 85 R. Safaian, H. Arzani, H. Azarnivand, and N. Safaian Role of Indigenous People in Conservation of Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants: An Indian Case Study ...... 91 Pooja Joshi and Nilanjana Rao Stand Structure and Spatial Patterns of Trees in Mixed Hyrcanian Beech Forest, Iran ...... 103 H. Habashi, S.M. Hosseini, R. Rahmani, and J. Mohammadi Nutrient-Food Chain Modeling for Lake Prespa ...... 117 Spiro Grazhdani and Spase Shumka Tolerance of Different Wild Oats Biotypes to Different Oat Killers and Their Impact on Wheat ...... 129 Imtiaz Khan, Gul Hassan, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan, and Meher Gul

Effects of L-Proline and Cold Treatment on Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Anther Culture ...... 137 Dudu Özkum and R. Tipirdamaz Examination of Some Parameters for Ecological Growth of Maize in Pelic Vertisol ...... 145 I. Stoimenova, E. Djonova, A. Taleva, and N. Kaloyanova Effect of Bacterial and Fungal Abundance in Soil on the Emission of Carbon Dioxide from Soil in Semi-arid Climate in India ...... 151 Rashmi Kant, Chirashree Ghosh, Lokendra Singh, and Neelam Tripathi

Part II Cultural Heritage and Environmental Factors The Evaluation of Sustainability of Organic Farms in Tuscany ..... 165 Chiara Certomà and Paola Migliorini Evaluation of the Sustainability on Cultural Heritage and Environmental Factors in Architecture from a Tourism Point of View: Ayvalik Historical City Center ...... 179 Olcay Çetiner and Ay¸segül Çetiner Gökyilmaz Preserving the Mediterranean Landscape: The Role of Local Traditional Food ...... 187 Giovanni Quaranta and Caterina Salvia Climate Change Critical to Cultural Heritage ...... 195 P. Brimblecombe, C.M. Grossi, and I. Harris Cultural Landscapes and Conservation Issues: Side Case ...... 207 Elmas Erdogan Contents ix

Survival of the Vernacular Environments in North Cyprus Through Sustainable Tourism Implementation ...... 223 Özlem Ogaç Türker Environmental Basis of Sustainable Tourism Along Sensitive Coastal Areas – Principles and Applications ...... 235 D. Orhon, H. Gökçeku¸s, and Seval Sözen

Part III Economics, Development, Sustainability and Risks Medical Waste Survey in a University Hospital: Do Intern Doctors and Emergency Nurses Know and Pay Attention to Segregation of Wastes? ...... 245 F. Nur Aksakal, Evin Aras, Mustafa N. Ilhan,˙ and Sefer Aycan An Investigation of Appropriate Economic Instruments for Preventing the Negative Impacts of Construction Projects on the Environmental Utility ...... 253 Javad Jassbi, Fatemeh Razavian, and Hanieh Nikoomaram “Breaking Eco-limits” in Coal Mining in the Ústí Region in the Czech Republic: Possibilities, Decision-Making and Consequences ...... 267 Iva Ritschelová, Miroslav Farský, and Egor Sidorov Relationship Between Tourist Education and Development Perception About Environmental Impact of Tourism Development ... 279 R. Shakeri and A. Barati Assessment of Dangerous Substances Release from Construction Products to Environment ...... 289 Nicoleta Schiopu, Emmanuel Jayr, Jacques Méhu, and Pierre Moszkowicz Challenges of the Implementation of the WEEE Directive in the Danish Context ...... 303 Chiara Gobbi A Sustainable and Economically Recycling Real Estate Development Project: A Case Study for Istanbul Park ...... 315 H. Demir, F. Balik Sanli, M. Gur, and C. Goksel Analysis of Land Use Changes in Nigeria: With Application of Integrated Bio-economic Spatial Model ...... 329 Igbekele A. Ajibefun Green Marketing Willingness of Bulgarian Market: Comparison with Italy ...... 341 Teodoro Gallucci, Giovanni Lagioia, Julia Uzunova, and Vesselina Dimitrova x Contents

The Distribution of Carcinogenic Heavy Metals in Cyprus Soil ..... 353 M. Ertan Akun, Rezan Fahrioglu˘ Yamacı, Christophoros Charalambous, Savvas Lechtvich, and Mustafa B.A. Djamgoz Biotechnology: A Powerful Tool for Human Survival and Sustainability 361 Anwar Nasim Ecotourism – Environment Relationship in Contemporary Eastern Europe Countries. Its Facts, Myths and Challenges. The Case of Albania and Macedonia ...... 371 Liljana Elmazi and Jovan Stojanoski Earthquake is Manmade Catastrophe Rather than a Natural Disaster: Turkey ...... 383 Özgür Yilmazer, Özlem Yilmazer, Ali Özvan, Yasemin Leventeli, and Ilays Yilmazer Mitigation of Seismic Risk on Earthen Buildings ...... 391 Marcial Blondet Land Use Conversion and Agricultural Intensification in Tropical Hill Slopes: A Geographical Approach ...... 401 David Lopez Cornelio

Part IV Energy and Development: New and Renewable Energy Role of Renewable Energy in Development of Self Sufficient Housing in Developing Countries ...... 425 Debashis Sanyal Energy and Environmental Significance of an Alternative Fuels Utilization Produced with to Liquid Technology ...... 435 Nenad Kukulj and Tomislav Kurevija Sustainability Concept for Energy, Water and Environment Systems . . 447 Naim Hamdia Afgan Energy and Sustainable Development: Environmental Impacts of Energy Use in Africa ...... 471 Muawya Ahmed Hussein Economizing the Energy Consumption in Circular Surface Aerator . . 481 Achanta Ramakrishna Rao and Bimlesh Kumar Sewage Biogas Conversion into Electricity by Using Small Systems ... 491 Suani Teixeira Coelho, Sílvia Maria Stortini González Velázquez, Osvaldo Stella Martins, and Fernando Castro de Abreu Algae Biofuels as a Possible Alternative to Environmentally Doubtful Conventional Methods of Biodiesel Production ...... 499 Tomislav Kurevija and Nenad Kukulj Contents xi

Investigation of Combustion Kinetics of Five Waste Wood Samples with Thermogravimetric Analysis ...... 511 Sema Yurdakul Yorulmaz and Aysel Atimtay On Integration of Mirror Collector and Stirling Engine for Solar Power System ...... 521 B.F. Yousif, Ammar Al-Shalabi, and Dirk G. Rilling

Part V Environment and Health Antioxidant Activities of Molokhia (Corchorus olitorius L.) Extracts . . 535 Nilgün Öztürk and Filiz Savaroglu˘ Solid Medical Waste Management in Healthcare Centers in Palestine . 545 Issam A. Al-Khatib, Mohamed Abu-Dayah, Hussein Hajjeh, and Tayseer Al-Shanbleh Sustainable Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in Hospital Buildings ...... 557 Çigdem˘ Belgin Dikmen and Arzuhan Burcu Gültekin The Regional Level of Microelements in the Food Materials ...... 567 Aida Sahmurova, Gunay (Yildiz) Tore, Atakan Ongen, and Suna Ozden Celik Microbiological Pollution Levels of Some Vegetable Specimens Taken From Public Markets of Three Central Towns of Konya-Turkey . 581 K. Gur, H.N. Uçan, andS. ¸ Dursun Assessment of Metal Pollution Based on Multivariate Statistical Modelling of Soils from Gediz and Buyuk Menderes Rivers ...... 591 M. Bakaç and M.N. Kumru A Commonly Used Pesticide Endosulfan in Diet Could Cause Hepatomegaly and Kidney Tumor When Combined with Nitrosamines 599 Recai Ogur and Omer Faruk Tekbas Effect of Different Time and Temperature of Various Cooking Methods on Sulfonamide Residues in Chicken Balls ...... 607 M.R. Ismail-Fitry, S. Jinap, B. Jamilah, and A.A. Saleha Reassessment of Tritium Dose Coefficients ...... 615 A. Melintescu, D. Galeriu, and H. Takeda Approaches on H5N1 Avian Influenza Spreading in Relation with Human Health Risk ...... 623 Monica Popa, Daniela Cur¸seu, Dana Sîrbu, Ioan Stoian, and Adriana Manciu The Relationship Between Infant Methemoglobinemia and Environmental Exposure to Nitrates ...... 635 Daniela Cur¸seu, Dana Sîrbu, Monica Popa, and Alina Ionutas xii Contents

West Nile Virus: Risk Factors of Spreading, Prevention and Control Measures ...... 641 Dana Sîrbu, Monica Popa, Daniela Cur¸seu, Ovidiu Ghiran, and Adriana Manciu The Determinants of Improved Water Supply for Rural Households in Kenya: A Differential Diagnosis Framework for Community Health ...... 653 David W. Nerubucha Health Effects Due to Indoor Air Pollution ...... 665 John A. Hoskins

Part VI Environmental Awareness, Education and Ethics Promotion of Nursery School Teacher and Junior Grade Teacher Education for Environment and Sustainable Development in the Republic of Croatia According to the Concept of Lifelong Learning ...... 679 Vinka Uzelac and Dunja Andic Spatial Analyses for Environmental Impacts of Landfill Areas ..... 691 D.Z. Seker, S. Kaya, N. Musaoglu, H. Demirel, A. Tanik, and E. Sertel The Ethical Basis of Environmental Law ...... 699 Tapan Narayana The Creation of New Ways of Acting in the Water Administration Field – the Implementation of the EU-WFD in Sweden . 707 Petra Adolfsson Education for “Sense of Place” in a Wide, Complex Land. A Challenge for Environmental Education ...... 719 Andrew Brookes The Humanly Dimension of Media that Affects Masses and Various TV Programmes ...... 729 Armagan˘ Gökçearslan Engaging the Public in Environmental Decisions: Strategies for Environmental Education and Communication ...... 741 Martha C. Monroe Reconstruction of the Worldview as Strategy for Environmental Survival and Sustainability ...... 751 Ibrahim Shogar Public Participation in Environmental Decision-Making on Major Energy Projects in Turkey: The Case of BTC Crude Oil Pipeline Project ...... 759 Nuriye Say and Deniz Babu¸s Contents xiii

From Human Social “Matrix” to Perception of Social Structures and Corporate Actors ...... 769 David Schnaiter Negative Effects of Creating Environmental Awareness of Public Relations Applications by Alming of Political Propagandas ...... 777 Emel Tozlu Aslan

Part VII Environmental Science and Technology Monitoring of Wetlands by Using Multitemporal Landsat Data; A Case Study from Fethiye – Turkey ...... 785 I.˙ Ozdemir, K. Ozkan, A. Mert, and S. Gülsoy Analyzing Changes in Coastal Biospheres using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Techniques, Northern Nile Delta, Egypt ...... 795 H. Effat, M.N. Hegazy, and H.El. Gameely Exploring the Egyptian Terrain Characteristics from Space for Strategic Planning ...... 805 M.N. Hegazy and H. Effat Composting and Solid Waste Management in Dhaka City ...... 815 Md. Niamul Bari, Md. Kumruzzaman, Mohammad Harun ur Rashid, and Md. Muzibur Rahman Assessment of Dissolved Pollutants in Krishna River Using Mass Balance Approach ...... 825 M. Chandra Sekhar and B. Shailamber Copper (II) Removal from Water by Natural Zeolites ...... 831 Sukru Dursun, M. Emin Argun, Nazan Celik, and Fatma Celebi Biodegradation of 4-Chlorophenol in Biosurfactant Supplemented Activated Sludge ...... 841 Ayla Uysal and Aysen Turkman Use of Silk Industry Waste – Silkworm Pupa: A Remediation of Environmental Pollution ...... 851 B. Noroozi, S.H. Bahrami, and M. Arami Using Susceptibility Measurements on Polluted Areas by Exhaust Gases ...... 861 Ali Aydin Biowaste as a Resource for Bioproduct Development ...... 875 J. Pieter H. van Wyk xiv Contents

Textile Azo Dyes Decolourization by Combined Ultrasonication and Microbial Removal ...... 885 H. Tugba˘ Gümü¸sdere, Tuba Artan, Afife Güvenç, Gönül Dönmez, and Ülkü Mehmetoglu˘ Identification of Wastewater Leaching into the Wells by HPLC-SEC Using UV and Fluorescence Detection ...... 893 Hilda Marta Szabo and Tuula Tuhkanen Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Cotton Stalk: As a Bioadsorbent ...... 899 Murat Erta¸s, Bilal Acemioglu,˘ M. Hakkı Alma, and Mustafa Usta Removal of Cyanide from Solutions by Air Oxidation and Adsorption . 907 Ersin Yener Yazici, Hacı Deveci, Ibrahim˙ Alp, Tugba˘ Yılmaz, and Oktay Celep Effects of Various Backwash Scenarios on Membrane Fouling in a Membrane Bioreactor ...... 917 N. Yigit, G. Civelekoglu, I. Harman, H. Köseoglu,˘ and M. Kitis

NOx Formation of Co-combustion of Sweet Sorghum – Lignite (Orhaneli) Mixtures in Fluidised Beds ...... 931 M. Handan Çubuk, Derya B. Özkan, and Özlem Emanet Pretreatment of Ceftriaxone Formulation Effluents: Drawbacks and Benefits ...... 943 T. Tezgel, F. Germirli Babuna, I. Arslan-Alaton, G. Iskender, and O. Okay Reducing the Toxicity and Recalcitrance of a Textile Xenobiotic Through Ozonation ...... 955 F. Germirli Babuna, N. Oructut, I. Arslan-Alaton, G. Iskender, and O. Okay Bioidentification of Xenobiotics in Water as a Part of Pollution Control 967 Valerii Tonkopii Biosorption of CR+6 from Aqueous Solution with Activated Sludge Biosolids (Ref. NO: MT11-OP-475) ...... 973 AzizSencan, ¸ H. Cahit Sevindir, Mehmet Kiliç, and Mustafa Karaboyaci Effect of Chromium on Growth Attributes in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) ...... 985 M. Fozia Anjum, M. Anjum Zia, M. Ashraf, and Z.M. Khalid Use of Surfactants in Soil and Groundwater Remediation ...... 995 Aras Gezer and Ahmet Karagunduz Co-digestion Approaches to Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste with Primary Sludge for a Municipal Treatment Plant in Turkey ...... 1005 R.K. Dereli, M.E. Ersahin, C.Y. Gomec, O. Ozdemir, and Izzet Ozturk Contents xv

Radiochronological Methods as Tools to Study Environmental Pollution 1015 H.N. Erten Are Certain Invertebrate Species Sensitive Bioindicators of the Air Pollution? ...... 1023 Liliana Vasiliu-Oromulu, Viorica Honciuc, Sanda Maican, Cristina Munteanu, Minodora Stanescu,˘ Cristina Fiera, Mihaela Ion, and Dorina Purice Determination of Heavy Metal Pollution in Some Honey Samples from Yozgat Province, Turkey ...... 1037 Ahmet Aksoy, Zeliha Leblebici, and Yavuz Bagci˘ Removal of Direct Orange-46 from Aqueous Solutions Using MN-Diatomite ...... 1045 Selay Aksoy, Mesut Tekba¸s, Güleda Engin, and Nihal Bekta¸s Environmental Problems from the Open Dump in Gümü¸shane Province and Investigation of Biological Recycling for the Organic Solid Wastes ...... 1055 S. Serkan Nas and Adem Bayram Adsorption Behavior of Radionuclides, 137Cs and 140Ba, onto Solid Humic Acid ...... 1065 O. Çelebi and H.N. Erten The Fate of Chlortetracycline During the Anaerobic Digestion of Manure from Medicated Calves ...... 1087 Osman A. Arikan Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution onto Bentonite . 1097 J. Krstic,´ Z. Mojovic,´ A. Abu Rabi, D. Loncareviˇ c,´ N. Vukelic,´ and D. Jovanovic´ The Evaluation of the Pb(II) Removal Efficiency of Duckweed Lemna Minor (L.) from Aquatic Mediums at Different Conditions . . . 1107 Yagmur˘ Uysal and Fadime Taner Biodegradation of a Tannery and Chemical Plant Producing Asetilsalisilikat Wastewater Mixture ...... 1117 E.U. Cokgor, O. Karahan, and D. Orhon Boron Removal in Seawater Desalination by Reverse Osmosis Membranes – the Impacts of Operating Conditions ...... 1127 H. Köseoglu,˘ N. Kabay, M. Yüksel, S. Sarp, Ö. Arar, and M. Kitis Respirometric Evaluation of Strong Wastewater Activated Sludge Treatment for a Complex Chemical Industry ...... 1139 E. Ubay Cokgor, G. Insel, E. Aydın, S. Ozdemir, and D. Orhon xvi Contents

Cellulose Acetate-Polyethersulfone (CA-PS) Blend Ultrafiltration Membranes for Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment .... 1149 Ani Idris and Iqbal Ahmad Rehabilitation of Wastewater Treatment Plant of Sakhnin City in Israel by Using Advanced Technologies ...... 1161 Yasar Avsar, Hussein Tarabeah, Shlomo Kimchie, Izzet Ozturk, and Hadi Naamneh Removal of Mn(II) Ions from the Aqueous Solutions by Cotton Boll . . 1171 H. Duygu Ozsoy and Halil Kumbur Optimization of Electrochemical Oxidation of Textile Dye Wastewater Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) ...... 1181 Bahadır K. Körbahti Dynamic Modelling of Bioconversion of Domestic Wastewater Sludge for Cellulase Enzyme ...... 1193 N.A. Kabbashi, Md. Zahangir Alam, and Khadijah B. Abdul Rahim Treatment of H-Acid Containing Wastewater by Wet Peroxide Oxidation ...... 1203 Zhao Binxia, Li Hongya, Wang Jin, Bai Weili, Zhang Xiaoli, and Jin Qiting Ambient Ozone Levels in the Eastern Mediterranean Region and Assessment of Its Effect on the Forested Mountain Areas of Southern Turkey ...... 1213 Evrim Akkoyunlu, Rukiye Tipirdamaz, Saime Ba¸saran, Halil Sariba¸sak, Dudu Özkum, and Gülen Güllü Physico-chemical Study of Bagasse and Bagasse Ash from the Sugar Industries of NWFP Pakistan and Remediation of Environmental Problems Caused by Refused Bagasse Ash ...... 1225 Khurshid Ali, Noor-ul-Amin, Tahir Shah, and Saeed-ur-Rehman Adsorption of Different Reactive Dyes onto Surfactant-Modified Zeolite: Kinetic and Equilibrium Modeling ...... 1237 Bulent Armagan, Mustafa Turan, and Dogan Karadag Water Quality Index for Municipal Water Supply of Attock City, Punjab, Pakistan ...... 1255 Humera Qasim Khan Reaction Kinetics of Spent Reactive Dye Bath Ozonation Process .... 1263 T. Ölmez, I. Kabda¸slı, and O. Tünay Copper Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions by Usıng Red Mud – An Aluminium Industry Waste ...... 1275 Semra Çoruh and Osman Nuri Ergun Global Warming: How Much of a Threat to Tropical Forests? ...... 1283 Philip M. Fearnside Contents xvii

The European Sea Level Service Information System for Coastal Activities ...... 1293 Christoph J. Blasi A Review on the Impact of the North Sea – Caspian Pattern (NCP) on Temperature and Precipitation Regimes in the Middle East . 1301 H. Kutiel Wave Damping and Retardance by Emergent Vegeatation ...... 1313 Oral Yagci,˘ Umut Türker, and M. Sedat Kabda¸sli The Effect of Sludge History on Aerobic Sludge Stabilization Efficiency 1321 G. Insel, H. Gökçeku¸s, S. Sözen, E. Dulekgurgen and D. Orhon Morphological and Physiological Features of an Aerobic Granular EBPR Biomass Fed with Propionate ...... 1327 Ebru Dulekgurgen, Nazik Artan and Derin Orhon

Part VIII Integrated Water Resources Management Water Quality Variation in a Tank Cascade Irrigation System: A Case Study from Malagane Cascade, Sri Lanka ...... 1345 Kushani Mahatantila, Rohana Chandrajith, H.A.H. Jayasena, and Sampath Marasinghe Investigation of Flood Event Possibility over Iran Using Flood Index . . 1355 Kazem Nosrati, Mohsen Mohseni Saravi, and Afsaneh Shahbazi Analysis of First-Flush Load from Urban Catchment in Isfahan, Iran . 1363 Afsaneh Shahbazi, Kazem Nosrati, and Mohsen Mohseni Saravi Assesment of Ecological Flow for Mountain Rivers of the Kura Basin . 1369 Rovshan Abbasov Effictiveness of Water Resources Use in Aral Sea Basin and Lower Reaches of the Amu Darya River ...... 1381 M. Ikramova, A. Khodjiev, and K. Misirkhonov Uncertainties in the Water Budget Computations of Develi ClosedBasininTurkey ...... 1397 Ibrahim Gurer and F. Ebru Yildiz Impacts Assessment of Newly Constructed Highways via Spatial Information Sciences ...... 1409 H. Demirel, M. Çetin, and N. Musaoglu Water Resources in the Slovak Republic and Their Protection ..... 1421 Jozef Kriš, Faško Martin, and Škultétyová Ivona E-Waste Management ...... 1433 Santosh M. Avvannavar, Ravi Kiran Mutnuru, and S. Shrihari xviii Contents

Extreme Rainfall Events and Uncertainty in the Mediterranean Basin . 1439 Hadas Reiser and Haim Kutiel

Part IX Pesticides in the Environment and Food Commodities An Investigation of Pesticide Transport in Soil and Groundwater in the Most Vulnerable Site of Bangladesh ...... 1451 Anika Yunus and A.H.M. Faisal Anwar Conservation of Beneficial Insects for Sustainable Agriculture ..... 1463 M. Anjum Suhail, M. Arshad, Jalal Arif, and M. Dildar Gogi Organochlorine Pesticides in Soil and Sediment from an Urban Zone of Novi Sad, Serbia ...... 1469 Nataša Ðurišic-Mladenovi´ c,´ Biljana Škrbic,´ and Jelena Cvejanov Conversion of Agricultural Wastes into Value Added Product with High Protein Content by Growing Pleurotus ostreatus ...... 1483 Ahmad Al-Momany and Kholoud Ananbeh Plants as a Source of Biopesticides for Pest Control: A New Perspective 1491 E. Hassan and D. Prijono Study of Some Factors of Variation of intake on Course by Dairy Ewes 1501 T. Najar, Aziza-Guesmi Boubaker, A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez, and M.R Mosquera-Losada Index ...... 1509 Contributors

Rovshan Abbasov Hydrometeorolgy Scientific Research Institute (HSRI) A2 1073, Baku, B. Agayev St. 100(A), Azerbaijan, [email protected] Fernando Castro de Abreu CENBIO – Brazilian Reference Center on Biomass, IEE – Institute of Electrotechnics and Energy, USP – University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 1289 CEP 05508-010, São Paulo, Brazil, [email protected] Mohamed Abu-Dayah Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Nir Zeit, Palestine, [email protected] Bilal Acemioglu˘ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam, Kahramanmaras 46100, Turkey, [email protected] Petra Adolfsson GRI, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden, [email protected] Naim Hamdia Afgan Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal, [email protected] Iqbal Ahmad Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia, [email protected] Igbekele A. Ajibefun Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, [email protected] Evrim Akkoyunlu Department of Environmental Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06532 Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] F. Nur Aksakal Department of Public Health, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] Ahmet Aksoy Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey, [email protected]

xix xx Contributors

Selay Aksoy Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Institute of Technology, 41400, Gebze, Turkey, [email protected] M. Ertan Akun Chairman, Department of Industrial Engineering, Cyprus International University, Haspolat, North Cyprus, [email protected] Md. Zahangir Alam Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Unit (BERU), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia, [email protected] Khurshid Ali Institute of Chemical Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan, [email protected] Suzana Aliu Study of Polytechnic Center, State University of Tetovo, Tetovo, Macedonia, [email protected] Issam A. Al-Khatib Institute of Community and Public Health and Faculty of Engineering, Birzeit University, Ramallah, Palestine, [email protected] M. Hakkı Alma Department of Industrial Engineering of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, University of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam, Kahramanmaras, 46100, Turkey, [email protected] Ahmad Al-Momany Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, [email protected] Ibrahim˙ Alp Mineral Processing Division, Department of Mining Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey, [email protected] Ammar Al-Shalabi Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Malacca Campus, Multimedia University, 75450 MMU, Malacca, Malaysia, [email protected] Tayseer Al-Shanbleh Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, Nicosia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, [email protected] Kholoud Ananbeh Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, [email protected] Dunja Andic Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Rijeka, Trg Ivana Klobucariˇ ca´ 1, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia, [email protected] M. Fozia Anjum Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, [email protected] A.H.M. Faisal Anwar Department of Water Resources Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh, [email protected] M. Arami Textile Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, [email protected] Contributors xxi

Ö. Arar Department of Chemistry, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey, [email protected] Evin Aras Department of Public Health, Resident, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] M. Emin Argun Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, [email protected] Osman A. Arikan Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey, [email protected] Bulent Armagan Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Harran University, 63300 Sanlıurfa, Turkey, [email protected] M. Arshad Department of Agricultural Entomology, Insect Biodiversity and Biosystematics Research Laboratory, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, [email protected] I. Arslan-Alaton Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] Nazik Artan Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey, [email protected] Tuba Artan Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Tandogan,˘ 06100 Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] H. Arzani Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, [email protected] M. Ashraf Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, [email protected] Emel Tozlu Aslan Faculty of Communication, Near East University, T.R.N.C – Nicosia, Cyprus, [email protected]; [email protected] Aysel Atimtay Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06531 Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] Yasar Avsar Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] Santosh M. Avvannavar Department of Chemical Engineering, Technische Universiteit, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, [email protected] Sefer Aycan Department of Public Health, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] Ali Aydin Geophysical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Pamukkale University, 20017 Kınıklı, Denizli, Turkey, [email protected] xxii Contributors

E. Aydın Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] Ay¸segül Çetiner Gökyilmaz AB Mimarlık, Necip Bey Sitesi Ku¸sadası, Aydin, [email protected] H. Azarnivand Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, [email protected] F. Germirli Babuna Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] Deniz Babu¸s Department of Landscape Architecture, Çukurova University, 01330 Balcalı, Adana, Turkey, [email protected] Yavuz Bagci˘ Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey, [email protected]; [email protected] S.H. Bahrami Textile Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, [email protected] M. Bakaç Buca Faculty of Education, Department of Physics, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca – Izmir, Turkey, [email protected] A. Barati Natural resources faculty, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran, [email protected] Md. Niamul Bari Department of Civil Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, [email protected] Saime Ba¸saran Ministry of Environment and Forestry, West Mediterranean Research Institude, Antalya, Turkey, [email protected] Adem Bayram Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey, [email protected] Evelina Bazini Marketing and Tourism Department, Faculty of Commerce, University of Vlora, Vlora, Albania, [email protected]; [email protected] Nihal Bekta¸s Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Institute of Technology, 41400, Gebze, Turkey, [email protected] Zhao Binxia College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road No.229, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China, [email protected] C.J. Blasi Federal Institute of Hydrology, D-56002 Koblenz, Germany, [email protected] Marcial Blondet Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru, [email protected] Aziza-Guesmi Boubaker Institut National Agronomique de Tunis, 42, Av Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunis, [email protected] Contributors xxiii

P. Brimblecombe School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK, [email protected] Andrew Brookes La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3086, Australia, [email protected] Fatma Celebi Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, [email protected] O. Çelebi Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] Oktay Celep Mineral Processing Division, Department of Mining Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey, [email protected] Nazan Celik Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, [email protected]; [email protected] Suna Ozden Celik Environmental Engineering Department, Corlu Engineering Faculty, Trakya University, 59860 Corlu-Tekirdag, Turkey, [email protected] Chiara Certomà Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy, [email protected] M. Çetin Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering, Gebze Institute of Technology, Muallimköy 41400, Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey, [email protected] Olcay Çetiner Department of Architecture, Yildiz Technical University, Barboros str., 34349 Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected]; [email protected] Rohana Chandrajith Department of Geology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, [email protected] Christophoros Charalambous Frederick Institute of Technology, Nicosia, Cyprus, [email protected] Kyung-Suk Cho Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea, [email protected] A. S. Çıggın Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] G. Civelekoglu Department of Environmental Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, [email protected]; [email protected] Suani Teixeira Coelho CENBIO – Brazilian Reference Center on Biomass, IEE – Institute of Electrotechnics and Energy, USP – University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 1289 CEP 05508-010, São Paulo, Brazil, [email protected] xxiv Contributors

E. Ubay Cokgor Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] David Lopez Cornelio Correo central de Huanuco, Huanuco, Peru, [email protected]; [email protected] Semra Çoruh Department of Environmental Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey, [email protected] M. Handan Çubuk Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Heat and Thermodynamics Division, Yıldız Technical University, 80750 Yıldız, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] Daniela Cur¸seu Environmental Health Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania, [email protected] Jelena Cvejanov Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected] Majlinda Daci Department of Chemistry, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosova, [email protected] Hadi Daroodi Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Siences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran, [email protected] Shefket Dehari Study of Polytechnic Center, State University of Tetovo, Tetovo, Macedonia, [email protected] H. Demir Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34349-Besiktas Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] H. Demirel Faculty of Civil Engineering, Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] R.K. Dereli Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] Hacı Deveci Mineral Processing Division, Department of Mining Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey, [email protected] M. Díaz-Miguel Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Edificio Politécnico, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain, [email protected] Çigdem˘ Belgin Dikmen Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey, [email protected] Contributors xxv

Vesselina Dimitrova Department of International Economic Relations, University of Economics Varna, 77, Kniaz Boris I blv., Varna 9002, Bulgaria, [email protected] Mustafa B.A Djamgoz Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK, [email protected] E. Djonova Department of Soil Microbiology, N. Poushkarov Institute of Soil Science, 7 Shosse Bankya Str., 1080, Bulgaria, [email protected] Gönül Dönmez Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Tandogan,˘ 06100 Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] Ebru Dulekgurgen Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey, [email protected] Nataša Ðurišic-Mladenovi´ c´ Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected] M. Sukru Dursun Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, [email protected] H. Effat The National Authority of Remote Sensing and Space Science (NARSS), Cairo, Egypt, [email protected] Liljana Elmazi Faculty of Economics, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania, [email protected] Özlem Emanet Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Heat and Thermodynamics Division, Yıldız Technical University, 80750 Yıldız, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] Güleda Engin Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Institute of Technology, 41400, Gebze, Turkey, [email protected] Elmas Erdogan Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Di¸skapi, Ankara 06110, Turkey, [email protected] Osman Nuri Ergun Department of Environmental Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey, [email protected] M.E. Ersahin Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Institute of Technology, Gebze/Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey, [email protected] Murat Erta¸s Department of Industrial Engineering of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, University of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam, Kahramanmaras, 46100, Turkey, [email protected] H.N. Erten Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] xxvi Contributors

Miroslav Farský Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Jan Evangelista Purkyne, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic, [email protected] Philip M. Fearnside National Institute for Reseach in Amazonia (INPA), C.P. 478, 69.011-970 Manaus-Amazonas, Brazil, [email protected] Cristina Fiera Institute of Biology, Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, Po Box 56–53, 060031 Bucharest, Romania, [email protected] D. Galeriu Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Horia Hulubei National Institute of R&D for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 407 Atomistilor St., PO Box MG-6, RO-077125 Bucharest – Magurele, Romania, galdan@infin.nipne.ro; [email protected] Teodoro Gallucci Department of Geographical and Commodity Science, Section of Commodity Science and Ecology, University of Barivia C. Rosalba, 53, I-70124 Bari, Italy, [email protected] H.El. Gameely The National Authority of Remote Sensing and Space Science,(NARSS), Cairo, Egypt, [email protected] Aras Gezer Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Institute of Technology, Gebze/Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey, [email protected] Ovidiu Ghiran IPA S.A. R&D Institute, Cluj Subsidiary, Romania, [email protected] Chirashree Ghosh Centre of Environmental Management of Degraded Ecosystem (CEMDE), University of Delhi, New Delhi 11007, India, [email protected] Chiara Gobbi Department of Industrial Management and Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Building 423, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark, [email protected] M. Dildar Gogi Department of Agricultural Entomology, Insect Biodiversity and Biosystematics Research Laboratory, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, [email protected]; [email protected] Armagan˘ Gökçearslan Department of Graphics, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] H. Gökçeku¸s Department of Civil Engineering, Near East University, Nicosia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, [email protected] C. Goksel Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469-Maslak Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] C.Y. Gomec Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] Contributors xxvii

Spiro Grazhdani Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania, [email protected] C.M. Grossi School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK, [email protected] Meher Gul Pakistan Sport Board, Islamabad, Pakistan, [email protected] Gülen Güllü Department of Environmental Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06532 Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] S. Gülsoy, Faculty of Forestry Department of Soil Science and Ecology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, [email protected] Arzuhan Burcu Gültekin Faculty of Technical Education, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] H. Tugba˘ Gümü¸sdere Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Tandogan,˘ 06100 Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] K. Gur Environmental Engineering Department, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, [email protected] M. Gur Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34349-Besiktas Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Ibrahim Gurer Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Civil Engineering Department, Gazi University, Celal Bayar Bulvari Maltepe, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] Afife Güvenç Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Tandogan,˘ 06100 Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] H. Habashi Natural Resources Faculty, Tarbiat Modarres University, P.O. Box 46414-356 Noor, Mazandaran, Iran, [email protected] Hussein Hajjeh Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine, [email protected] I. Harman Department of Environmental Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, [email protected] I. Harris Climate Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK, [email protected] E. Hassan Integrated Crop Management, School of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Queensland, GATTON 4343 QLD, Australia, [email protected] Gul Hassan Department of Weed Science, Faculty of Crop Protection, NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan, [email protected] xxviii Contributors

M.N. Hegazy The National Authority of Remote Sensing and Space Science (NARSS), Cairo, Egypt, [email protected] Viorica Honciuc Ecology Taxonomy and Nature Conservation Centre, Institute of Biology Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania [email protected] Li Hongya College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China John A. Hoskins Independent Toxicologist, Haslemere, Surrey GU27 2 JH, UK, [email protected] S.M. Hosseini Natural Resources Faculty, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran, [email protected] Muawya Ahmed Hussein University of Dhofar, Salalah, Oman, [email protected] Ani Idris Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia, [email protected] Haddouche Idriss Département de Foresterie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tlemcen BP 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria, [email protected] Mustafa N. Ilhan˙ Department of Public Health, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected]; [email protected] M. Ikramova Central Asian Research Institute of Irrigation (SANIIRI), Karasu-4, 11, Tashkent 700187, Uzbekistan, [email protected] G. Insel Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] Mihaela Ion Romanian Academy Institute of Biology, Buila-Vânturarita National Park Administration, Romania, [email protected] Alina Ionutas Environmental Health Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania, [email protected] G. Iskender Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] M.R. Ismail-Fitry Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Putra Malaysia, ismailfi[email protected] Škultétyová Ivona Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Slovak University of Technology Bratislava, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, [email protected] B. Jamilah Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serangor, Malaysia, [email protected] Contributors xxix

Javad Jassbi Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management and Economy, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Campus, Tehran, Iran, [email protected] H.A.H. Jayasena Department of Geology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, [email protected] Emmanuel Jayr Sustainable Development Department, CSTB – Scientific and Technical Centre for the Building Industry, 24, rue Joseph Fourier, 38400 Saint Martin d’Hères, France, [email protected] Wang Jin College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, People’s Republic of China, [email protected] S. Jinap Centre of Excellence for Food Safety Research (CEFSR), Faculty of food Science and Technology, Universiti Puta Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia, [email protected] Pooja Joshi The Energy Resource Institute, New Delhi, India, [email protected] D. Jovanovic´ Department for Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, ICTM, Njegoševa12, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, [email protected] S. Jusufi Department of Chemistry, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosova, shjusufi@yahoo.com N. Kabay Department of Chemical Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey, [email protected] N.A. Kabbashi Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Unit (BERU), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia, [email protected] I. Kabda¸slı Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga˘ Kampüsü, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] M. Sedat Kabda¸slı Civil Engineering Faculty, Division of Hydraulics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey, [email protected] N. Kaloyanova Department of Soil Microbiology, N. Poushkarov Institute of Soil Science, 7 Shosse Bankya Str., 1080, Bulgaria, [email protected] Rashmi Kant Yamuna Biodiversity Park, School of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India, [email protected] Mustafa Karaboyaci Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Süleyman Demirel, Turkey, [email protected] Dogan Karadag Enviromental Engineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, 34669 Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] xxx Contributors

Ahmet Karagunduz Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Institute of Technology, Gebze, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey, [email protected] O. Karahan Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] S. Kaya Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey Z.M. Khalid National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan, [email protected] Mederbal Khaladi Centre universitaire de Mascara, 29000 Mascara, Algérie, [email protected] Imtiaz Khan Department of Weed Science, Faculty of Crop Protection, NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan, [email protected] Humera Qasim Khan National Center of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan, [email protected] Muhammad Ishfaq Khan Department of Weed Science, Faculty of Crop Protection, NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan, [email protected] A. Khodjiev Central Asian Research Institute of Irrigation (SANIIRI), Karasu-4, 11, Tashkent 700187, Uzbekistan, [email protected] Mehmet Kiliç Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Süleyman Demirel, Turkey, [email protected] Shlomo Kimchie Department of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technion Institute for Research and Development, Technion City, Haifa, Israel, [email protected] M. Kitis Department of Environmental Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, [email protected] So-Yeon Koo Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea, [email protected] Bahadır K. Körbahti Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Mersin, Çiftlikköy, 33343 Mersin, Turkey, [email protected] H. Köseoglu˘ Department of Environmental Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, [email protected] Jozef Kriš Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Slovak University of Technology Bratislava, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, [email protected] J. Krstic´ Department for Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, ICTM, Njegoševa12, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, [email protected] Contributors xxxi

Nenad Kukulj Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia, [email protected] Bimlesh Kumar Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, [email protected] Halil Kumbur Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin 33360, Turkey, [email protected] M.N. Kumru Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, Bornova-Izmir,˙ Turkey, [email protected] Md. Kumruzzaman Department of Civil Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, [email protected] Tomislav Kurevija Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia, [email protected] V.A. Kurochkina Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Moscow, Russia, [email protected] H. Kutiel Laboratory of Climatology, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel, [email protected] Giovanni Lagioia Department of Geographical and Commodity Science, Section of Commodity Science and Ecology, University of Bari, via C. Rosalba, 53, I-70124 Bari, Italy, [email protected] Zeliha Leblebici Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey, [email protected] Savvas Lechtvich Frederick Institute of Technology, Nicosia, Cyprus Yasemin Leventeli Yilmazer Education, 8. Cd., 89. Sk., 9/8, 06460 A.Ovecler, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] D. Loncareviˇ c´ Department for Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, ICTM, Njegoševa12, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, [email protected] Kushani Mahatantila Department of Geology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, [email protected] Sanda Maican Academic Românã, Institutl de Biologie Spl. Independentei nr.296, 060031 Bucureti, România, [email protected] Adriana Manciu IPA S.A. R&D Institute, Cluj Subsidiary, Romania, [email protected] Sampath Marasinghe Department of Geology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, [email protected] xxxii Contributors

Faško Martin Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Slovak University of Technology Bratislava, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, [email protected] Osvaldo Stella Martins CENBIO – Brazilian Reference Center on Biomass, IEE – Institute of Electrotechnics and Energy, USP – University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 1289 CEP 05508-010, São Paulo, Brazil, [email protected] Ülkü Mehmetoglu˘ Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Tandogan,˘ 06100 Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] Jacques Méhu INSA de Lyon – National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon, Laboratory of Environmental Assessment of Industrial Systems and Process (LAEPSI), 9, Rue de la Physique, 69100 Villeurbanne, France, [email protected] A. Melintescu Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Horia Hulubei National Institute of R&D for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 407 Atomistilor St., PO Box MG-6, RO-077125 Bucharest – Magurele, Romania, ancameli@ifin.nipne.ro A. Mert Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, [email protected] Paola Migliorini Department of Agronomy and land Management, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50141 Firenze, Italia, paola.migliroini@unifi.it Javad Mirzaei Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Siences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran, [email protected] K. Misirkhonov Central Asian Research Institute of Irrigation (SANIIRI), Karasu-4, 11, Tashkent 700187, Uzbekistan, [email protected] M.G. Mnushkin Institute of Applied Mechanics, RAS, Moscow, Russia, [email protected] J. Mohammadi Agriculture Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran, [email protected] Z. Mojovic´ Department for Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, Njegoševa12, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, [email protected] Martha C. Monroe School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611-0410, USA, mcmonroe@ufl.edu M.R Mosquera-Losada Crop Production Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain, [email protected] Contributors xxxiii

Pierre Moszkowicz INSA de Lyon – National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon, Laboratory of Environmental Assessment of Industrial Systems and Process (LAEPSI), 9, Rue de la Physique, 69100 Villeurbanne, France, [email protected] Cristina Munteanu University of Bucharest, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Center, Spl. Independentei, 91–95, Bucharest, Romania, [email protected] N. Musaoglu Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] Ravi Kiran Mutnuru Department of Applied Physics, Technische Universiteit, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, [email protected] Hadi Naamneh Towns Association for Environmental Quality (TAEQ)-Agan Beit Natufa (ABN), 1093 Sakhnin, Israel, [email protected] T. Najar Institut National Agronomique de Tunis, 42, Av Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunis, [email protected] Tapan Narayana Hidayatullah National Law University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India, [email protected] S. Serkan Nas Gümü¸shane Engineering Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 29000 Gümü¸shane, Turkey, [email protected] Anwar Nasim COMSTECH Secretariat, 33-Constitution Avenue, G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan, [email protected] David W. Nerubucha Lecturer of Economics, United States International University, Nairobi, Kenya, [email protected] Hanieh Nikoomaram Department of Environmental Management, Graduate College of the Environment and Energy, Science and Research Campus, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, [email protected] Noor-ul-Amin Institute of Chemical Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan, [email protected] B. Noroozi Textile Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, [email protected] Kazem Nosrati Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, [email protected] Recai Ogur Department of Environmental Health, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; GATA Halk Sagligi AD, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected]; [email protected] xxxiv Contributors

O. Okay Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] T. Ölmez Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga˘ Kampüsü, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] Atakan Ongen Environmental Engineering Department, Corlu Engineering Faculty, Trakya University, 59860 Corlu-Tekirdag, Turkey, [email protected] D. Orhon Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] N. Oructut Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] I.˙ Ozdemir Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, [email protected] O. Ozdemir Kayseri Water and Sewerage Administration, Mustafa Kemal Pasa Bulvari, 38090 Kocasinan, Kayseri, Turkey, [email protected] S. Ozdemir Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] K. Ozkan Faculty of Forestry Department of Soil Science and Ecology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, [email protected] Derya B. Özkan Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Heat and Thermodynamics Division, Yıldız Technical University, 80750 Yıldız, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] Dudu Özkum Near East University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey, [email protected] H. Duygu Ozsoy Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin 33360, Turkey, [email protected] Izzet Ozturk Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Institute of Technology, Gebze/Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey, [email protected] Nilgün Öztürk Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Anadolu Tepebasi, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey, [email protected] Ali Özvan Yilmazer Education, 8. Cd., 89. Sk., 9/8, 06460 A.Ovecler, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected]; [email protected] Monica Popa Department of Environmental Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, [email protected] Contributors xxxv

D. Prijono Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia, [email protected] Dorina Purice National Institute of Wood, Romanian Academy Institute of Biology, Bucharest, Romania, [email protected] Jin Qiting College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road No.229, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China, [email protected] Giovanni Quaranta UNIBAS, Potenza, Italy, [email protected] A. Abu Rabi Department for Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, Njegoševa12, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, [email protected] Khadijah B. Abdul Rahim Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic University, 50728 KL, Malaysia, [email protected] Md. Muzibur Rahman Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh R. Rahmani Natural Resources Faculty, Gorgan university, Gorgan, Iran, [email protected] Achanta Ramakrishna Rao Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, [email protected] Nilanjana Rao Environmental Consultant, E-50, Lajpat Nagar I, New Delhi, India, [email protected] Mohammad Harun ur Rashid Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh, [email protected] Fatemeh Razavian Department of Environmental Management, Graduate College of the Environment and Energy, Science and Research Campus, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, [email protected] Hadas Reiser Laboratory of Climatology, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel, [email protected] A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez Crop Production Department, University of Santiago de Compostela 27002, Lugo, Spain, [email protected] Dirk G. Rilling Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Malacca Campus, Multimedia University, 75450 MMU, Malacca, Malaysia, [email protected] Iva Ritschelová University of Jan Evangelista Purkyne,ˇ 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, The Czech Republic, [email protected] J.L. Rosúa Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Edificio Politécnico, Campus Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada, Spain, [email protected] xxxvi Contributors

Saeed-ur-Rehman Institute of Chemical Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan, [email protected] N. Safaian Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran, [email protected] R. Safaian College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, [email protected] Aida Sahmurova Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul University, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, [email protected] A.A. Saleha Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia Caterina Salvia UNIBAS, Potenza, Italy, [email protected] F. Balik Sanli Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34349-Besiktas Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Debashis Sanyal Department of Architecture, National Institute of Technology Raipur, P.O. Ravishankar University, Raipur Chhattisgarh 492010, India, [email protected] Mohsen Mohseni Saravi Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]. Halil Sarıba¸sak Ministry of Environment and Forestry, West Mediterranean Research Institude, Antalya, Turkey, [email protected] S. Sarp Department of Chemical Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey, [email protected] Filiz Savaroglu˘ Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, University of Eski¸sehir Osmangazi, 26480, Turkey, [email protected] Nuriye Say Department of Landscape Architecture, Çukurova University, 01330 Balcalı, Adana, Turkey, [email protected] Nicoleta Schiopu Sustainable Development Department, CSTB – Scientific and Technical Centre for the Building Industry, 24, rue Joseph Fourier, 38400 Saint Martin d’Hères, France; Laboratory of Environmental Assessment of Industrial Systems and Process (LAEPSI), INSA de Lyon – National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon, 9, Rue de la Physique, 69100 Villeurbanne, France, [email protected] David Schnaiter Division of Social Medicine, Department for Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Sonnenburgstrasse 16, A-6020 Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria, [email protected] Contributors xxxvii

D.Z. Seker Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] M. Chandra Sekhar Water and Environment Division, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506 004, India, [email protected] AzizSencan ¸ Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Arts and Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Süleyman Demirel University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, [email protected] F. Serrano Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Edificio Politécnico, Campus Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada, Spain, [email protected] E. Sertel Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] H. Cahit Sevindir Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science-Arts, University of Süleyman Demirel, Turkey, [email protected] Tahir shah National Center of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan, [email protected] Afsaneh Shahbazi Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Madares University, Iran, [email protected] B. Shailamber Department of Civil Engineering, Water & Environment Division, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506 004, India, [email protected] R. Shakeri Natural Resources Faculty, Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran, [email protected] Ibrahim Shogar Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, [email protected], [email protected] S. Shrihari Department of Civil Engineering, NITK, Surathkal, Srinivasnagar, Mangalore 575025, India, [email protected]; [email protected] Spase Shumka Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania, [email protected] Egor Sidorov Jan Evangelista Purkyne University, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic, [email protected] Lokendra Singh Centre for Inter-disciplinary Studies of Mountain & Hill Environment (CISMHE), University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India, [email protected] Dana Sîrbu Environmental Health Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania, [email protected] xxxviii Contributors

Annelie Sjölander-Lindqvist Centre for Public Sector Research (CEFOS), Göteborg University, Göteborg Box 720, SE-405 30, Sweden, [email protected] Biljana Škrbic´ Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected] Saidi Slim Département EMVT-CIRAD TA 30/E Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, [email protected] Seval Sözen Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] Minodora Stanescu˘ Institute of Biology, Department of Ecology and Natural Protection, Splaiul Indenpendentei Street 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania, [email protected] Ioan Stoian S.C. I.P.A. – S.A. Subsidiary Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, offi[email protected] I. Stoimenova N. Poushkarov Institute of Soil Science, Sofia, Bulgaria, [email protected] Jovan Stojanoski Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, University of Bitola, Bitola, Macedonia, [email protected] M. Anjum Suhail Department of Agricultural Entomology, Insect Biodiversity and Biosystematics Research Laboratory, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, [email protected] Hilda Marta Szabo Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, Fin-33101, Tampere, Finland, hilda.szabo@tut.fi Masoud Tabari Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran, [email protected] H. Takeda National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Environmental and Toxicological Sciences Research Group, Chiba, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Japan, [email protected] A. Taleva Department of Soil Microbilogy, N. Poushkarov Institute of Soil Science, 7 Shosse Bankya str., 1080, Bulgaria, [email protected] Fadime Taner Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, Turkey, [email protected] A. Tanik Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] Contributors xxxix

Hussein Tarabeah Towns Association for Environmental Quality (TAEQ)-Agan Beit Natufa (ABN), 1093 Sakhnin, Israel, [email protected] Omer Faruk Tekbas Department of Environmental Health, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; GATA Halk Sagligi AD, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] Mesut Tekba¸s Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Institute of Technology, 41400, Gebze, Turkey, [email protected] T. Tezgel Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] R. Tıpırdamaz Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Beytepe Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] Rukiye Tıpırdamaz Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, 06532 Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] Valerii Tonkopii Institute of Limnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 196105 St. Petersburg, Russia, [email protected] Gunay (Yildiz) Tore Environmental Engineering Department, Corlu Engineering Faculty, Trakya University, 59860 Corlu-Tekirdag, Turkey, [email protected] Neelam Tripathi Centre of Environmental Management of Degraded Ecosystem (CEMDE), University of Delhi, New Delhi 11007, India, [email protected] Tuula Tuhkanen Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, Fin-33101 Tampere, Finland, tuula.tuhkanen@tut.fi O. Tünay Environmental Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga˘ Kampüsü, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] Mustafa Turan Environmental Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] Özlem Ogaç Türker Department of Interior Architecture, Eastern Mediterranean University, Gazimagusa,˘ Northern Cyprus, [email protected] Umut Türker Department of Civil Engineering, Near East University, Lefkosa, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey, [email protected] Aysen Turkman Department of Environmental Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tınaztepe Campus, Buca, Izmir, Turkey, [email protected] H.N. Uçan Environmental Engineering Department, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, [email protected] xl Contributors

Mustafa Usta Department of Industrial Engineering of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey, [email protected] Ayla Uysal Department of Environmental Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tınaztepe Campus, Buca, Izmir, Turkey, [email protected] Yagmur˘ Uysal Kahramanmara¸s Sütçü Imam˙ University, Av¸sar Campus, 46100 Kahramanmara¸s, Turkey, [email protected] Vinka Uzelac Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Rijeka, Trg Ivana Klobucariˇ ca´ 1, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia, [email protected] Julia Uzunova Department of Marketing, University of Economics Varna, 77, Kniaz Boris I blv., Varna, Bulgaria, [email protected] Liliana Vasiliu-Oromulu Romanian Academy Institute of Biology, Spl. Independentei 296 Bucharest-6 Romania, [email protected] Sílvia Maria Stortini González Velázquez CENBIO – Brazilian Reference Center on Biomass, IEE – Institute of Electrotechnics and Energy, USP – University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 1289 CEP 05508-010, São Paulo, Brazil, [email protected] A.N. Vlasov Institute of Applied Mechanics, RAS, Moscow, Russia, [email protected] D.B. Volkov-Bogorodsky Institute of Applied Mechanics, RAS, Moscow, Russia, [email protected] N. Vukelic´ Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Republic of Serbia, [email protected] Bai Weili College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, People’s Republic of China, [email protected] J. Pieter H. van Wyk Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Limpopo, Box 225, Medunsa Campus, 0204, Medunsa South Africa, [email protected] Zhang Xiaoli College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road No.229, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China, [email protected] Oral Yagci˘ Civil Engineering Faculty, Division of Hydraulics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey, [email protected] Rezan Fahrioglu˘ Yamacı Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus, [email protected] Ersin Yener Yazici Mineral Processing Division, Department of Mining Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey, [email protected] Contributors xli

N. Yigit Department of Environmental Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, [email protected] F. Ebru Yildiz Department of Research-Plan and Highway, Bank of Provinces, Opera, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] Tugba˘ Yılmaz Mineral Processing Division, Department of Mining Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey, [email protected] Ilyas Yilmazer YY University, Van, Turkey, [email protected] Özgür Yilmazer Yilmazer Education, 8. Cd., 89. Sk., 9/8, 06460 A, Ovecler, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] Özlem Yilmazer YY University, Van, Turkey, [email protected] Sema Yurdakul Yorulmaz Environmental Engineering Department, METU, 06531 Ankara, Turkey, [email protected] B.F. Yousif Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Malacca Campus, Multimedia University, 75450 MMU, Malacca, Malaysia, [email protected] M. Yüksel Ege University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 35100 Izmir, Turkey, [email protected] Anika Yunus Department of Water Resources Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh, [email protected] M. Anjum Zia Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, [email protected]