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Butvar Properties and Uses

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Butvar Properties and Uses Pub. No. 2008084E (Supersedes 2008084D) Butvar ® POLYVINYL BUTYRAL RESIN PROPERTIES & USES Coatings Performance Materials by CONTENTS Introduction 1 Properties 2 Chemistry 2 Properties Tables 3 Product Types 6 Butvar:The Right Resin Solutions 6 Compatibility 13 Insolubizing Reactions 15 Reaction With Phenolics 15 Reaction With Epoxies 15 Reaction With Dialdhehydes 16 Reaction With Isocyanates 16 Reaction With Melamines 16 Applications 17 Wire Enamels 17 Surface Coatings 17 Wash Primers 17 Military Specification Wash Primers 17 Non-specification Wash Primers: B-1030 With Butvar 18 Single Package Wash Primer: B-1011 With Butvar 18 Chromate-free Wash Primers With Butvar 19 Metal Coatings 20 Wood Finishes 21 Protective Wash Coats and Sealers 21 Knot Sealers 21 Adhesives 22 Structural Adhesives 22 Phenolic Resins 22 Epoxies and Other Thermosetting Resins 22 High-strength Bonding Procedure 23 Performance Characteristics 23 Adhesive Strengths 23 Hot Melt Adhesives 24 Textile Coatings 24 Advantages as Textile Coating 24 Ceramic Binder Applications 25 Tape Casting 26 Thick Films 26 Toners and Printing Inks 27 Storage and Handling 28 Storage 28 Toxicity and FDA Status 28 Quality Control 28 Material Sources Inside Back Cover Worldwide Sales Offices Back Cover Enfocus Software - Customer Support INTRODUCTION olyvinyl butyral resins are employed in a wide USES array of industrial and commercial applications. Some of the applications in which Butvar is a vital PThese unique resins offer impressive performance, ingredient include: as well as outstanding versatility. Ceramic binders Butvar® polyvinyl butyral resins have a combination of Inks/dry toners properties that make them a key ingredient in a variety Wood coatings of successful formulations. Some of these properties Wash primers for which Butvar is widely used are: outstanding binding Composite fiber binders efficiency, optical clarity, adhesion to a large number Structural adhesives of surfaces, and toughness combined with flexibility. Other diverse uses Solutia offers six grades of Butvar resin that cover a broad Butvar resin was pioneered by Monsanto in the 1930s as range of chemical and physical properties.These resins the key ingredient for automotive safety glass interlayers. are generally well suited either as a major ingredient of It still enjoys widespread use in automotive and architec- a formulation or in smaller quantities to enhance the tural applications for laminated safety glass. properties of other resins. TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS Solutia’s technical support and research staff for Butvar resins can assist in your specific application needs.The Solutia Customer Service Center at 1-800-964-5224 stands ready to receive your orders for samples and technical literature, as well as purchase orders for shipment of Butvar resin. ® Registered trademark of Solutia, Inc. BUTVAR 1 Enfocus Software - Customer Support PROPERTIES CHEMISTRY The conditions of the acetal reaction and the concentration Acetals, such as polyvinyl butyral, are formed by the of the particular aldehyde and polyvinyl alcohol used are well-known reaction between aldehydes and alcohols. closely controlled to form polymers containing predeter- The addition of one molecule of an alcohol to one mined proportions of hydroxyl groups, acetate groups molecule of an aldehyde produces a hemiacetal. and acetal groups.The final product may be represented Hemiacetals are rarely isolated because of their by the following stylized structure: inherent instability, but, rather, are further reacted with The proportions of A, B and C are controlled, and they another molecule of alcohol to form a stable acetal. are randomly distributed along the molecule. Polyvinyl acetals are prepared from aldehydes and polyvinyl alcohols. Polyvinyl alcohols are high molecular weight resins containing various percentages of hydroxyl and acetate groups produced by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate. H H H 1 1 1 R C + R OH R C OR + R OH R C ( OR )2 + H2O O Alcohol OH Alcohol Aldehyde Hemiacetal Acetal HHCH2 H H CH2 C C CH2 C CH2 C OO OH O C CO H C3H7 CH3 AB C PV Butyral PV Alcohol PV Acetate 2 BUTVAR Enfocus Software - Customer Support TABLE 1 Physical Properties of Butvar® Resins (white, free-flowing powder) ASTM Property Units Method B-72 B-74 B-76 B-79 B-90 B-98 *Volatiles, max % 3.5 3.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Molecular wt. (weight average in thousands) – (1) 170-250 120-150 90-120 50-80 70-100 40-70 Solution viscosity 15% by weight cp. (2) 7,000-14,000 3,000-7,000 500-1,000 100-400 600-1,200 200-400 Solution viscosity 10% by weight cp. (2) 1,600-2,500 800-1,300 200-450 75-200 200-400 75-200 *Ostwald solution viscosity cp. (3) 170-260 37.0-47.0 18.0-28.0 9.0-16.0 13.0-17.0 6.0-9.0 Specific gravity 23˚/23˚ (±0.002) – D792-50 1.100 1.100 1.083 1.083 1.100 1.100 Burning rate ipm D635-56T 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 Refractive index (±0.0005) – D542-50 1.490 1.490 1.485 1.485 1.490 1.490 Water absorption (24 hours) % D570-59aT 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 *Hydroxl content expressed as % polyvinyl alcohol ––17.5-20.0 17.5-20.0 11.5-13.5 11.0-13.5 18.5-20.5 18.0-20.0 Acetate content expressed as % polyvinyl acetate ––0-2.5 0-2.5 0-2.5 0-2.5 0-1.5 0-2.5 Butyral content expressed as % poly- vinyl butyral, approx. ––80 80 88 88 80 80 *Specification properties Percent Temperature Product Solids Solvent (˚C) All properties were determined by ASTM methods except the following: Anhydrous Molecular weight was determined via size exclusion chromatography with B-72 7.5 Methanol 20 low-angle laser light scattering (SEC/LALLS) method of Cotts and Ouano SD 29 in tetra-hydrofuran.† B-76, B-79 5.0 Ethyl Alcohol 25 Solution viscosity was determined in 15% by weight solutions in 60:40 toluene: B-74, Anhydrous ethanol at 25˚C, using a Brookfield Viscometer. Also in 10% solution in 95% B-90, B-98 6.0 Methanol 20 ethanol @ 25˚C using an Ostwald-Cannon-Fenske Viscometer. Ostwald solution viscosity for each product type measured with an Ostwald- † P.Dublin, ed., Microdomains In Polymer Solutions (New York: Plenum Press, 1985), Cannon-Fenske Viscometer.The solvents and solids levels used are as follows: pp. 101-119. BUTVAR 3 Enfocus Software - Customer Support PROPERTIES TABLE 2 Chemical Properties of Butvar® Resins ASTM Property Units Method B-72 B-74 B-76 B-79 B-90 B-98 Resistance to: Weak acids – D543-56T EEEEEE Strong acids – D543-56T EEEEEE Weak bases – D543-56T EEEEEE Strong bases – D543-56T EEEEEE Organic solvents: Alcohols – D543-56T PPPPPP Chlorinated – D543-56T G G F F G G Aliphatic – D543-56T E E F F E E Aromatic – D543-56T F F P P F F Esters – D543-56T F F P P F F Ketones – D543-56T F F P P F F Key: E – excellent G – good F – fair P – poor TABLE 3 Mechanical Properties of Butvar Resins ASTM Property Units Method B-72 B-74 B-76 B-79 B-90 B-98 Tensile strength: Yield 103 psi D638-58T 6.8-7.8 6.8-7.8 5.8-6.8 5.8-6.8 6.3-7.3 6.3-7.3 Break 103 psi D638-58T 7.0-8.0 7.0-8.0 4.6-5.6 4.6-5.6 5.7-6.7 5.6-6.6 Elongation: Yield % D638-58T 888888 Break % D638-58T 70 75 110 110 100 110 Modulus of elasticity (apparent) 105 psi D638-58T 3.3-3.4 3.3-3.4 2.8-2.9 2.8-2.9 3.0-3.1 3.1-3.2 Flexural strength, yield 103 psi D790-59T 12-13 12-13 10.5-11.5 10.5-11.5 11-12 11-12 Hardness, Rockwell: M – D785-51 115 115 100 100 115 110 E – D785-51 20 20 5 5 20 20 Impact strength Izod, notched 1/2" x 1/2" ft.lb./in. D256-56 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 4 BUTVAR Enfocus Software - Customer Support TABLE 4 Thermal Properties of Butvar® Resins ASTM Property Units Method B-72 B-74 B-76 B-79 B-90 B-98 Flow temperature, 1,000 psi ˚C D569-59 145-155 135-145 110-115 110-115 125-130 105-110 Glass transition temperature – Tg ˚C (4) 72-78 72-78 62-72 62-72 72-78 72-78 Ash content at 550˚C: In nitrogen % (5) <3.0 <3.0 <2.0 <2.0 <3.0 <3.0 In air % (5) <1.0 <1.0 <0.75 <0.75 <0.75 <0.75 Heat distortion temperature ˚C D648-56 56-60 56-60 50-54 50-54 52-56 45-55 Heat sealing temperature ˚F` (6) 220 220 200 200 205 200 Glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined by Differential Scanning Heat-sealing temperature was determined on a 1-mil dried film on paper cast Calorimeter (DSC) over a range of 30˚C to 100˚C on dried granular resin. from a 10% solution in 60:40 toluene: ethanol. A dwell time of 1.5 seconds at a 60 Ash content of the Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) was determined as a psi line pressure was used on the heat sealer. weight loss versus temperature profile conducted at a heating rate of 10˚C/min.
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