DOCSLIB.ORG

978-3-421-04835

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
978-3-421-04835 Bibliografie A. Primärquellen I. Archivquellen Deutschland Bundesarchiv (BArch), Berlin-Lichterfelde Stiftung Archiv für Parteien und Massenorganisationen der DDR (SAPMO) Politbüro des ZK der SED 1989 ZK der SED, Büro Erich Honecker Büro Egon Krenz Bundesarchiv, Koblenz Bundeskanzleramt B136 Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts (PAAA), Berlin Akten zum deutschen Einigungsprozess 1989/90 (aus diversen Beständen des Zwischenarchivs, mit Kürzel E) Estland Välisministeerium arhiiv (EST VM), Tallinn Islandi 1990–2 Saksamaa 1990–2 Soome Taani USA 1990–1 (I), 1991–2 (II) Venemaa/Ukraina 1990–1 Prantsusmaa 1991.a–1993.a Saksa 1991–2/1993 ÜLD Välisminister Lennart Meri kõned ja ettekanded, 3. juuni 1990–25. märts 1992 Rahvusarhiiv eraarhiiviosakond – endine Parteiarhiiv, Tallinn 1–05–EKP KK üldosakonna ‘eri kaust’ 1945–89 1–43–EKP KK üldosakond 1989 a.: Ideoloogia komisjon, Riigiõiguse osakond 1–44–EKP KK üldosakond 1990 a.: Ideoloogia osakond 1–45–EKP KK NLKP platvormil (nn. Annuse partei) 1990–1: Ideoloogia osakonna koostatud analüüsiid ühiskondlik- poliitilisest situationist Eestis mais-juunis 1991 Frankreich Ministère des Affaires Etrangères (MAE), Archives Diplomatiques (AD), Paris Direction Europe, série Allemagne 1986–90 Direction Europe, série RFA 1986–90 Direction Europe, série URSS 1986–90 Island Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archive (ICE MFA), Reykjavik Iceland 8.G.2–6 Russland Archiv Gorbatschow–Fonda (AGF), Moskau Rossiski Gossudarstwenny Archiw Nowejischej Istorii (RGANI), Moskau Staatsarchiv der Russischen Föderation (GARF), Moskau Vereinigtes Königreich Churchill Archives Centre (CAC), Cambridge Margaret Thatcher Papers The National Archives (TNA), Kew, Surrey Prime Minister’s Office (PREM) Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) Vereinigte Staaten George H. W. Bush Presidential Library (GHWBPL), College Station, TX George Bush Presidential Records Council of Economic Advisers Michael Boskin Files Memcons and Telcons NSC Files Nicholas Burns Files Nicholas Burns and Ed Hewett Files Craig Chellis Files Richard Davis Files Nancy Bearg Dyke Files Deputies Committee Files H-Files Ed Hewett Files Robert M. Gates Files David Gompert Files John A. Gordon Files Richard Haass Papers Jane E. Holl Files Arnold Kanter Files Virginia Lampley Files Barry Lowenkron Files Susan Koch Files Douglas Paal Papers Torkel Patterson Files Roman Popadiuk Files Condoleezza Rice Papers Scowcroft Collection, Presidential Correspondence Files – Presidential Memcon Files Scowcroft Special Separate China Notes – China 1989 (sensitive) Scowcroft Special Separate USSR Notes Files – Gorbachev Files Scowcroft Special Separate USSR Notes Files – Yeltsin Files WHORM Files Hoover Institution Archives (HIA), Stanford, CA Estonian Subject Collection, ID CSUZXX 810–A Russian Archives project, Fond 89 T. G. Stepanov–Mamaladze Papers (TSMP) Zelikow and Rice Papers, 1989–95 (ZRP) International Monetary Fund Archives (IMFA), Washington, DC Alan Whittome Papers (AWP) Michel Camdessus Papers (MCP) National Security Archive (NSA), George Washington University (GWU), Washington, DC Russian and East European Archival Documents Database (READD– RADD Collection) Seeley G. Mudd Library (SML), Princeton, NJ James A. Baker III Papers (JAB) II. Archivquellen, veröffentlicht oder online verfügbar Auswärtiges Amt (Hg.), Umbruch in Europa: Die Ereignisse im 2. Halbjahr 1989 – eine Dokumentation. Bonn 1990. Bao, Pu (Hg.), The Last Secret: The Final Documents from the June Fourth Crackdown. Hongkong 2019. Bozóki, András, The Round-Table Talks of 1989: The Genesis of Hungarian Democracy – Analysis and Documents. Budapest 2002. CIA. Ronald Reagan: Intelligence and the End of the Cold War. RRPL, Simi Valley, CA, 2. November 2011, cia.gov/library/ publications/cold-war/ronald-reagan-intelligence-and-the-end- of-the-cold-war/Reagan-and-intelligence.pdf. –, Reagan Collection, cia.gov/library/readingroom/collection/ reagan-collection. End of the Cold War Forum (Konez cholodnoj woiny), Moskau. endofcoldwarforum.org. Fischer, Benjamin B., und Gerald K. Haines (Hg.), At Cold War’s End: US Intelligence on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, 1989–1991 [Dokumente: Ein Kompendium der nationalen Geheimdienstberichte und Einschätzungen]. Washington, DC, 2001. Freedman, Lawrence (Hg.), Europe Transformed: Documents on the End of the Cold War. London 1990. Galkin, Aleksandr, und Anatoli Tschernjajew (Hg.), Michail Gorbatschow und die deutsche Frage: Sowjetische Dokumente 1986–1991. München 2011. Gorbatschow, Michail, Sobranije Sotschineni. 25 Bde. Moskau 2008-2015. –, Gipfelgespräche: Geheime Protokolle aus meiner Amtszeit. Berlin 1994. Haines, Gerald K., und Robert E. Leggett (Hg.), CIA’s Analysis of the Soviet Union, 1947–1991. Washington, DC, 2001. Hanhimäki, Jussi, und Odd A. Westad (Hg.), The Cold War: A History in Documents and Eyewitness Accounts. Oxford 2003. Hertle, Hans-Hermann, Der Fall der Mauer: Die unbeabsichtigte Selbstauflösung des SED-Staates [mit Dokumentenanhang]. Opladen 1999. –, und Gerd-Rüdiger Stephan (Hg.), Das Ende der SED: Die letzten Tage des Zentralkomitees. Berlin 2013. Hilger, Andreas (Hg.), Diplomatie für die deutsche Einheit: Dokumente des Auswärtigen Amts zu den deutsch-sowjetischen Beziehungen 1989/90. München 2011. Hollitzer, Tobias (Hg.), Die friedliche Revolution in Leipzig: Bilder, Dokumente und Objekte. Leipzig 2012. Judt, Matthias (Hg.), DDR-Geschichte in Dokumenten: Beschlüsse, Berichte, interne Materialien und Alltagszeugnisse. Berlin 1998. Kaiser, Karl, Deutschlands Vereinigung: Die Internationalen Aspekte [mit den wichtigen Dokumenten]. Bergisch Gladbach 1993. Karner, Stefan, et al. (Hg.), Der Kreml und die deutsche Wiedervereinigung. Interne sowjetische Analysen. Dokumente. Berlin 2015. –, Der Kreml und die ›Wende‹ 1989: Interne Analysen der sowjetischen Führung zum Fall der kommunistischen Regime: Dokumente. Innsbruck 2014. Küchenmeister, Daniel, und Gerd-Rüdiger Stephan (Hg.), Honecker – Gorbatschow: Vieraugengespräche. Berlin 1993. Küsters, Hanns J., und Daniel Hofmann (Hg.), Deutsche Einheit: Sonderedition aus den Akten des Bundeskanzleramtes 1989/90 [Dokumente zur Deutschlandpolitik]. München 1998. Kuhn, Ekkehard, Gorbatschow und die deutsche Einheit: Aussagen der wichtigsten russischen und deutschen Beteiligten. Bonn 1993. Margaret Thatcher Foundation (MTF), UK, margaretthatcher.org Meißner, Werner, und Anja Feege (Hg.), Die DDR und China 1945–1990: Politik – Wirtschaft – Kultur. Eine Quellensammlung. Berlin 1995. Möller, Horst, et al. (Hg.), Die Einheit: Das Auswärtige Amt, das DDR-Außenministerium und der Zwei-plus-Vier-Vertrag. Göttingen 2015. The National Security Archive. Electronic Briefing Book No.16, »Tiananmen Square, 1989: The Declassified History«. George Washington University (1. Juni 1999), nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB16/ –, Electronic Briefing Book No. 47, »The US Tiananmen Papers«. GWU (4. Juni 2001), nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/ NSAEBB47/. –, Electronic Briefing Book No. 87, »North Korea and Nuclear Weapons: The Declassified US Record«. GWU (25. April 2003), nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB87/. –, Electronic Briefing Book No. 238, »The INF Treaty and the Washington Summit: 20 Years Later«, GWU (10. Dezember 2007), nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB238/index.htm. –, Electronic Briefing Book No. 245, »›Prevent the Reemergence of a New Rival‹ – The Making of the Cheney Regional Defense Strategy, 1991–1992«. GWU (26. Februar 2008), nsarchive2.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb245/. –, Electronic Briefing Book No. 250, »The Diary of Anatoly S. Chernyaev, 1987«, nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB250/ Chernyaev_Diary_1987.pdf. –, Electronic Briefing Book No. 250, »The Diary of Anatoly S. Chernyaev, 1988«, nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB250/ Chernyaev_Diary_1988.pdf. –, Electronic Briefing Book No. 275, »The Diary of Anatoly S. Chernyaev, 1989«, nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/ NSAEBB275/1989%20for%20posting.pdf. –, Electronic Briefing Book No. 317, »The Diary of Anatoly S. Chernyaev, 1990«, nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB317/ chernyaev_1990.pdf. –, Electronic Briefing Book No. 345, »The Diary of Anatoly S. Chernyaev, 1991«, nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB345/ The%20Diary%20of%20Anatoly%20Chernyaev,%201991.pdf. –, Electronic Briefing Book No. 296, »The Soviet Origins of Helmut Kohl’s 10 Points«, GWU (18. November 2009), nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB296/index.htm –, Electronic Briefing Book No. 320, »The Washington/Camp David Summit 1990: From the Secret Soviet, American and German Files«. GWU (13. Juni 2010), nsarchive2.gwu.edu/ NSAEBB/NSAEBB320/index.htm –, Electronic Briefing Book No. 561, »Unilateral US Nuclear Pullback in 1991 Matched by Rapid Soviet Cuts«. GWU (30. September 2016), nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear- vault-russia-programs/2016–09–30/unilateral-us-nuclear- pullback-1991–matched. –, Electronic Briefing Book No. 610, »Engaging North Korea: Evidence from the Bush I Administration«. GWU (8. November 2017), nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/korea-nuclear-vault/ 2017–11–08/bush-43–chose-diplomacy-over-military-force-north- korea. –, Electronic Briefing Book No. 613, »NATO Expansion: What Gorbachev Heard«. GWU (12. Dezember 2017), nsarchive.gwu.edu/ briefing-book/russia-programs/2017–12–12/nato-expansion-what- gorbachev-heard-western-leaders-early. Nakath, Detlef, und Gerd-Rüdiger Stephan (Hg.), Countdown zur deutschen Einheit: Eine dokumentierte Geschichte der deutsch- deutschen Beziehungen 1987–1990. Berlin 1996. –, und Gero Neugebauer (Hg.), »Im Kreml brennt noch Licht«: Die Spitzenkontakte zwischen SED/PDS und KPdSU 1989–1991.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Russia's Foreign Policy Change and Continuity in National Identity
    Russia’s Foreign Policy Russia’s Foreign Policy Change and Continuity in National Identity Second Edition Andrei P. Tsygankov ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Lanham • Boulder • New York • Toronto • Plymouth, UK Published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 http://www.rowmanlittlefield.com Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom Copyright © 2010 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tsygankov, Andrei P., 1964- Russia's foreign policy : change and continuity in national identity / Andrei P. Tsygankov. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7425-6752-8 (cloth : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-0-7425-6753-5 (paper : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-0-7425-6754-2 (electronic) 1. Russia (Federation)--Foreign relations. 2. Soviet Union--Foreign relations. 3. Great powers. 4. Russia (Federation)--Foreign relations--Western countries. 5. Western countries--Foreign relations--Russia (Federation) 6. Nationalism--Russia (Federation) 7. Social change--Russia (Federation) I. Title. DK510.764.T785 2010 327.47--dc22 2009049396 ™ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Printed in the United States of America It is the eternal dispute between those who imagine the world to suit their policy, and those who arrange their policy to suit the realities of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Yeltsin's Winning Campaigns
    7 Yeltsin’s Winning Campaigns Down with Privileges and Out of the USSR, 1989–91 The heresthetical maneuver that launched Yeltsin to the apex of power in Russia is a classic representation of Riker’s argument. Yeltsin reformulated Russia’s central problem, offered a radically new solution through a unique combination of issues, and engaged in an uncompro- mising, negative campaign against his political opponents. This allowed Yeltsin to form an unusual coalition of different stripes and ideologies that resulted in his election as Russia’s ‹rst president. His rise to power, while certainly facilitated by favorable timing, should also be credited to his own political skill and strategic choices. In addition to the institutional reforms introduced at the June party conference, the summer of 1988 was marked by two other signi‹cant developments in Soviet politics. In August, Gorbachev presented a draft plan for the radical reorganization of the Secretariat, which was to be replaced by six commissions, each dealing with a speci‹c policy area. The Politburo’s adoption of this plan in September was a major politi- cal blow for Ligachev, who had used the Secretariat as his principal power base. Once viewed as the second most powerful man in the party, Ligachev now found himself chairman of the CC commission on agriculture, a position with little real in›uence.1 His ideological portfo- lio was transferred to Gorbachev’s ally, Vadim Medvedev, who 225 226 The Strategy of Campaigning belonged to the new group of soft-line reformers. His colleague Alexan- der Yakovlev assumed responsibility for foreign policy.
    [Show full text]
  • Ap European History 2007 Scoring Guidelines
    AP® EUROPEAN HISTORY 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 3 Considering the period 1953 to 1991, analyze the problems within the Soviet Union that contributed to the eventual collapse of the Soviet system. 8–9 Points • Thesis explicitly identifies and defines the problems within the Soviet Union in the period 1953-91 that contributed to the collapse of the Soviet system. • Essay is clearly organized, consistently followed, and effective in support of the argument regarding the problems within the Soviet Union that led to the collapse of the Soviet system. • Essay is balanced, analyzing at least TWO major problems within the Soviet Union AND how and why such problems led to the collapse of the Soviet system; essay takes into account the chronological parameters required by the question. • At least TWO major problems within the Soviet Union that led to the collapse of the Soviet system are supported with multiple pieces of relevant evidence. • May contain errors that do not detract from the argument. 6–7 Points • Thesis is explicit and responsive to the question but may not fully define the problems within the Soviet Union that contributed to the collapse of the Soviet system. • Essay is adequately organized, supportive of the argument, but may on occasion stray off task in terms of the prompts of the question (analysis, problems within the Soviet Union, linkage of such problems to the collapse of the Soviet system, coverage of the period 1953-91). • Essay analyzes at least TWO major problems within the Soviet Union AND how and why such problems led to the collapse of the Soviet system but not in equal depth; essay may concentrate on the post-1985 period but suggests at least some awareness of the broader chronology required by the question.
    [Show full text]
  • Vernichten Oder Offenlegen? Zur Entstehung Des Stasi-Unterlagen-Gesetzes
    Silke Schumann Vernichten oder Offenlegen? Zur Entstehung des Stasi-Unterlagen-Gesetzes Eine Dokumentation der öffentlichen Debatte 1990/1991 Reihe A: Dokumente Nr. 1/1995 Der Bundesbeauftragte für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik Abteilung Bildung und Forschung 10106 Berlin E-Mail: [email protected] Die Meinungen, die in dieser Schriftenreihe geäußert werden, geben ausschließlich die Auffassungen der Autoren wieder. Abdruck und publizistische Nutzung sind nur mit Angabe des Verfassers und der Quelle sowie unter Beachtung des Urheberrechtsgesetzes gestattet. Schutzgebühr: 5,00 € Nachdruck der um ein Vorwort erweiterten 2. Auflage von 1997 Berlin 2020 ISBN 978-3-942130-39-4 Eine PDF-Version dieser Publikation ist unter der folgenden URN kostenlos abrufbar: urn:nbn:de:0292-97839421303940 Vorwort zur Neuauflage Im Vergleich mit den politischen Umbrüchen in den anderen postkommunistischen Ländern war die Friedliche Revolution 1989/90 in der DDR außerordentlich stark von der Auflösung der Stasi und der Auseinandersetzung um die Vernichtung ihrer Akten geprägt. Die Besetzung der regionalen Dienststellen im Dezember 1989 und der Zentrale des MfS (Ministerium für Staats- sicherheit) am 15. Januar 1990 bildeten Höhepunkte des revolutionären Geschehens. Die Fokus- sierung der Bürgerbewegung auf die Entmachtung des geheimpolizeilichen Apparats und die Sicherung seiner Hinterlassenschaft ist unübersehbar. Diese Fokussierung findet gleichsam ihre Fortsetzung in der Aufarbeitung der diktatorischen Vergangenheit der DDR in den darauffol- genden Jahren, in denen wiederum das Stasi-Thema und die Nutzung der MfS-Unterlagen im Vordergrund standen. Das könnte im Rückblick als zwangsläufige Entwicklung erscheinen, doch bei näherer Betrach- tung wird deutlich, dass das nicht der Fall war. Die Diskussionen des Jahres 1990 zeigen, dass die Nutzung von Stasi-Unterlagen für die Aufarbeitung der Vergangenheit selbst in Kreisen der Bürgerbewegung keineswegs unumstritten war.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander II and Gorbachev: the Doomed Reformers of Russia
    University of Vermont UVM ScholarWorks UVM Honors College Senior Theses Undergraduate Theses 2017 Alexander II and Gorbachev: The Doomed Reformers of Russia Kate V. Lipman The University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses Recommended Citation Lipman, Kate V., "Alexander II and Gorbachev: The Doomed Reformers of Russia" (2017). UVM Honors College Senior Theses. 158. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/158 This Honors College Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Theses at UVM ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in UVM Honors College Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of UVM ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Alexander II and Gorbachev: The Doomed Reformers of Russia Kate V. Lipman Thesis Submitted for College Honors in History Advisor: Denise J. Youngblood The University of Vermont May 2017 2 Note on Sources: There is, surprisingly, little available in English on the reign of Alexander II, therefore I rely primarily on the works of W.E. Mosse, N.G.O Pereira, and the collection of works on Russia’s reform period edited by Ben Eklof. W.E. Mosse’s book Alexander II and the Modernization of Russia, a secondary source, provides in-depth descriptions of the problems facing Alexander II when he came into power, the process of his reforms, descriptions of the reforms, and some of the consequences of those reforms including his assassination in 1881. Similarly, N.G.O Pereira’s Tsar-Liberator: Alexander II of Russia 1818-1881 is a secondary source, describing some of his reforms, but focuses most specifically on the process of the emancipation of the serfs, the emancipation itself and the impact it had on the population.
    [Show full text]
  • Folge 31 Vom 04.08.2007
    Das Ostpreußenblatt Nr. 31 – 4. August 2007 U NABHÄNGIGE WOCHENZEITUNG FÜR D EUTSCHLAND C5524 - PVST. Gebühr bezahlt DIESE WOCHE Umschwärmte KLAUS D. VOSS: Kanzlerin: „Ich fahre erst ein- mal nach Bayreuth Via Baltica Politik und erfreue mich ein afür hat die EU-Kommis- bißchen an der Mu- Dsion uneingeschränktes Arbeitsplatz Krisengebiet sik, und dann nach Lob verdient: Sie hat Polen da- Trotz Terrorgefahren suchen Salzburg. Ich werde von abgebracht, ein einzigarti- viele Deutsche ihr Glück auch noch ein paar ges Naturschutzgebiet zu zer- an Kriegsschauplätzen 2 Tage zu Hause aus- stören, wenigstens bis auf wei- spannen. Schauen teres. Der Bau der Autobahn wir mal“, so be- Via Baltica wäre jetzt durch das Preußen / Berlin schrieb Angela Mer- Rospuda-Tal getrieben worden, kel ihre Pläne für ein Biotop südlich der Rominter Stardirigent im Antifa-Feuer den Sommerurlaub. Heide aus Flußtal und Nieder- Rolf Reuter soll Die Wagner-Fest- moor, wie es westlich des Ural Bundesverdienstkreuz spiele in Bayreuth kein zweites gibt. aberkannt werden 3 scheinen die CDU- Polen ist das sperrigste Mit- Chefin zumindest glied der Gemeinschaft; die EU begeistert zu haben, hat Warschau daran erinnern Hintergrund auch wenn die müssen, daß das Land sich nach Musik hier keines- dem Beitritt nicht nur die Vor- Hexenkessel wegs im Mittel- teile greifen darf, sondern sich der Eitelkeiten punkt stand. Lesen auch den Regeln der Union oder Wenn Kunst zum Sie hierzu Seite 4. unterwerfen muß. Die EU Event verkommt 4 schützt intakte Naturlandschaf- Foto: Sven Simon ten als gemeinsamen Besitz. Die Via Baltica soll die drei Deutschland baltischen Staaten in Warschau an das europäische Schnellstra- Invasion der Gastarbeiter ßennetz anschließen.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kgb's Image-Building Under
    SPREADING THE WORD: THE KGB’S IMAGE-BUILDING UNDER GORBACHEV by Jeff Trimble The Joan Shorenstein Center PRESS ■ POLI TICS Discussion Paper D-24 February 1997 ■ PUBLIC POLICY ■ Harvard University John F. Kennedy School of Government INTRODUCTION The KGB, under many different sets of graduate student at the Pushkin Russian Lan- initials, evokes frightening memories of the guage Institute in Moscow during the 1979-80 Soviet period of Russian history. A garrison academic year, later as Moscow correspondent state within a state, it provided the terror that for U.S. News & World Report from 1986 to glued the Soviet Union into a unitary force for 1991, Trimble observed the changes not just in evil. Few bucked the system, and dissent was the old KGB but in the old Soviet Union and, in limited, for the most part, to whispers over this paper, based on his own research, he ex- dinner or under the sheets. Millions were herded plains their significance. At a time in American into the communist version of concentration life when we seem to be largely indifferent to the camps, or transported to Siberia, or simply rest of the world, we are indebted to Trimble for executed for crimes no more serious than having his reminder that the past is not too far removed the wrong economic or ideological pedigree. from the present. The KGB, by its brutal behavior, came to be The question lurking between the lines is identified throughout the world with the Soviet whether the changes in image are in fact system of government. When the system, with changes in substance as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Domestic and Foreign Problems of the Brezhnev Era CHAPTER 5 Domestic and Foreign Problems of the Brezhnev Era
    Chapter 5: Domestic and foreign problems of the Brezhnev era CHAPTER 5 Domestic and foreign problems of the Brezhnev era This chapter analyses Leonid Brezhnev’s rule of the USSR until his death in 1982. The extent to which this was an era of political, economic and social stagnation is fully explored. Soviet foreign policy in the 1970s is also discussed, in particular the reasons for the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan and its consequences. You need to consider the following questions throughout this chapter: + What were the key features of the USSR’s politics, society and economy under Brezhnev? + Was Brezhnev’s leadership to blame for Soviet stagnation from 1964 to 1982? + What challenges did Soviet foreign policy face in the Brezhnev era? + To what extent were the USSR’s aims achieved in Afghanistan? + Why did the USSR invade Afghanistan? + How serious were the socio-economic and political problems confronting the USSR by the time of Brezhnev’s death? 1 Politics, economy and society under Brezhnev Key question: What were the key features of the USSR’s politics, society and economy under Brezhnev? By 1964, Nikita Khrushchev, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of KEY TERM the Soviet Union (CPSU), was viewed by senior party members as increasingly unable to exercise the necessary leadership and stability Presidium Dominant, required for the USSR to uphold its world position. policy-making body within the CPSU formed by the Khrushchev was removed from party leadership following a plot by Council of Ministers, members of the Presidium, in which Leonid Brezhnev played a leading part.
    [Show full text]
  • 10. Bundesversammlung Bundesrepublik Deutschland
    10. BUNDESVERSAMMLUNG DER BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND BERLIN, MONTAG, DEN 23. MAI 1994 10. Bundesversammlung — Berlin, Montag, den 23. Mai 1994 Inhalt Eröffnung durch Präsidentin Dr. Rita Süssmuth 3 A Konstituierung der Bundesversammlung . 5 B Zur Geschäftsordnung Dr. Rolf Schlierer (Republikaner) 5 B Erster Wahlgang 6 C Ergebnis des ersten Wahlgangs 7 A Zweiter Wahlgang 7 C Ergebnis des zweiten Wahlgangs 7 C Dritter Wahlgang 8 A Ergebnis des dritten Wahlgangs 8 B Annahme der Wahl durch Dr. Roman Herzog 8 B Ansprache von Dr. Roman Herzog 8 B Schlußworte der Präsidentin Dr. Rita Süssmuth 9 C Liste der Mitglieder der Bundesversammlung, die an der Wahl teilgenommen haben . 10 A Liste der entschuldigten Mitglieder der Bundesversammlung 16 B 10. Bundesversammlung — Berlin, Montag, den 23. Mai 1994 10. Bundesversammlung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Berlin, Montag, den 23. Mai 1994 Stenographischer Bericht Von dieser Stelle aus möchte ich unserem Bundes- präsidenten, Richard von Weizsäcker, und seiner Frau Beginn: 11.00 Uhr Marianne von Weizsäcker unsere herzlichsten Grüße in den Berliner Amtssitz übermitteln Präsidentin Dr. Rita Süssmuth: Meine sehr geehr- (Beifall) ten Damen und Herren! Ich eröffne die 10. Bundesver- sammlung zur Wahl des siebten Präsidenten der Bun- und ihnen danken für ihren hohen Einsatz, für die von desrepublik Deutschland und heiße Sie alle herzlich uns allen hochgeachtete Arbeit für unser Land. willkommen. (Beifall) Ich begrüße die Mitglieder der Bundesversamm- Heute sind wir hier zusammengekommen, um zum lung, unter ihnen Bundeskanzler Helmut Kohl, ersten Mal nach der Vereinigung Deutschlands den Bundespräsidenten aller Deutschen zu wählen. Das (Beifall) ist ein Ereignis, das uns besonders bewegt. die Mitglieder der Bundesregierung, die Ministerprä- Pfingsten und Verfassungstag — welch geeignete- sidenten, Minister und Senatoren der Bundesländer.
    [Show full text]
  • Creation of the Soviet Presidency: Perestroika, Social Chaos And
    TITLE: THE CREATION OF THE SOVIET PRESIDENCY : Perestroika, Social Chaos and Executive Power AUTHOR: THOMAS M . NICHOLS, U.S . Naval War Colleg e THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FO R EURASIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE VIII PROGRA M 1755 Massachusetts Avenue, N .W . Washington, D .C . 20036 LEGAL NOTICE The Government of the District of Columbia has certified an amendment of th e Articles of Incorporation of the National Council for Soviet and East European Research changing the name of the Corporation to THE NATIONALCOUNCILFO R EURASIANANDEAST EUROPEAN RESEARCH, effective on June 9, 1997. Grants, contracts and all other legal engagements of and with the Corporation made unde r its former name are unaffected and remain in force unless/until modified in writin g by the parties thereto . PROJECT INFORMATION : 1 CONTRACTOR : Dartmouth Colleg e PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR : Thomas M . Nichol s COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 812-01 g DATE : March 7, 1998 COPYRIGHTINFORMATIO N Individual researchers retain the copyright on their work products derived from researc h funded by contract or grant from the National Council for Eurasian and East Europea n Research . However, the Council and the United States Government have the right t o duplicate and disseminate, in written and electronic form, this Report submitted to the Council under this Contract or Grant, as follows: Such dissemination may be made by the Council solely (a) for its own internal use, and (b) to the United States Government (1) fo r its own internal use; (2) for further dissemination to domestic, international and foreig n governments, entities and individuals to serve official United States Government purposes ; and (3) for dissemination in accordance with the Freedom of Information Act or other law o r policy of the United States Government granting the public rights of access to document s held by the United States Government.
    [Show full text]
  • Reform Issues in the Former Soviet Union No 49 1993
    European Economy appears four times a year. It contains important reports and communications from the Commission to the Council and to the Parliament on the economic situation and developments. In addition, European Economy presents reports and studies on problems concerning economic policy. Two supplements accompany the main periodical: Series A-'Economic tren<ls' appears monthly except in August and describes with the aid of tables and graphs the most recent trends of industrial production, consumer prices, unemployment, the balance of trade, exchange rates, and other indicators. This supplement also presents the Commission staff's macroeconomic forecasts and Commission communications to the Council on economic policy. Series B-'Business and consumer survey results' gives the main results of opinion surveys of industrial chief executives (orders, stocks, production outlook, etc.) and of consumers (economic and financial situation and outlook, etc.) in the Community, and other business cycle indicators. It also appears monthly, with the exception of August. Subscription terms are shown on the back and the addresses of the sales offices are shown on page 3 of the cover. Unless otherwise indicated the texts are published under the responsibility of the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs of the Commission of the European Communities, rue de la Loi 200, 1049 Brussels, to which enquiries other than those related to sales and subscrip­ tions should be addressed. Commission of the European Communities EUROPEAN ECONOMY Directorate-General
    [Show full text]
  • Master Thesis
    MASTER THESIS Titel der Master Thesis / Title of the Master’s Thesis “The Birth of Neoliberal Hegemony in Europe: The Role of Germany in the Creation of the European Economic and Monetary Union, 1988-1992” verfasst von / submitted by Thomas Koegler angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Advanced International Studies (M.A.I.S.) Wien 2019 / Vienna 2019 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt A 992 940 Postgraduate programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Universitätslehrgang lt. Studienblatt Internationale Studien / International Studies Postgraduate programme as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Professor Thomas Row Abstract This thesis analyzes the role of Germany in the creation of the European Economic and Monetary Union between 1988 and 1992 and how the country’s powerful ordo- and neoliberal establishment managed to create a hegemony of neoliberal economic thought in the European Union. The EMU was originally a French idea that was intended to weaken the strength of the deutschmark, thereby countering Germany’s economic supremacy. With the fall of the Berlin Wall and the subsequent reunification of Germany, the overall balance of power in continental Europe shifted significantly toward Germany and undermined France’s bargaining power at the Maastricht negotiations. Consequently, at Maastricht, France was ready to accept almost every German demand in exchange for binding reunified Germany irreversibly into the European framework. Germany was mainly represented at these negotiations by members of its strong and powerful ordoliberal establishment, which revolved around the Bundesbank and the Ministries of Finance and Economics.
    [Show full text]