SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

DRAFT RESOURCE REPORT 3 Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation

FERC Docket No. PF14-1-000

June 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS

3.0 RESOURCE REPORT 3 – FISH, WILDLIFE, AND VEGETATION ...... 3-1 3.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 3-1 3.2 FISHERY RESOURCES ...... 3-3 3.2.1 Fisheries Habitat Classification ...... 3-3 3.2.1.1 Alabama ...... 3-4 3.2.1.2 Georgia ...... 3-4 3.2.1.3 Florida ...... 3-5 3.2.2 Existing Fishery Resources ...... 3-6 3.2.2.1 Fish Species Present along the Sabal Trail Pipeline ...... 3-6 3.2.2.2 Fish Species Present at Aboveground Facilities ...... 3-6 3.2.3 Fisheries of Special Concern ...... 3-6 3.2.4 Commercial Fisheries ...... 3-7 3.2.5 Essential Fish Habitat ...... 3-7 3.2.6 Waterbody Construction Methods ...... 3-7 3.2.6.1 Blasting ...... 3-7 3.2.7 Fisheries Effects and Mitigation ...... 3-8 3.2.7.1 Horizontal Directional Drill Crossings ...... 3-10 3.2.7.2 Hydrostatic Test Water ...... 3-11 3.2.7.3 Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures...... 3-11 3.2.7.6 Aboveground Facilities ...... 3-11 3.3 VEGETATION ...... 3-13 3.3.1 Existing Vegetation ...... 3-13 3.3.1.1 Pipeline Facilities ...... 3-15 3.3.1.2 Aboveground Facilities ...... 3-16 3.3.1.3 Access Roads ...... 3-17 3.3.1.4 Pipe Yards and Contractor Ware Yards ...... 3-17 3.3.2 Unique, Sensitive, or Protected Vegetation ...... 3-17 3.3.2.1 Alabama ...... 3-17 3.3.2.2 Georgia ...... 3-17 3.3.2.3 Florida ...... 3-18 3.3.3 Non-native Invasive Species ...... 3-18 3.3.4 Vegetation Effects and Mitigation ...... 3-18 3.3.4.1 Pipeline Facilities ...... 3-19 3.3.4.2 Aboveground Facilities ...... 3-20 3.4 WILDLIFE ...... 3-20 3.4.1 Existing Resources ...... 3-20 3.4.2 Wildlife Effects and Mitigation ...... 3-22 3.4.3 Significant or Sensitive Wildlife Habitat ...... 3-24 3.5 ENDANGERED, THREATENED AND SPECIAL CONCERN SPECIES ...... 3-24 3.5.1 Existing Resources, Effects, and Mitigation ...... 3-25 3.5.1.2 Alabama State Protected Species Project Mainline ...... 3-59 3.5.1.3 Georgia State-listed Species Project Mainline ...... 3-71 3.5.1.4 Florida State-listed Species Project Mainline ...... 3-77 3.5.1.5 Additional State Listed Species or Species of Concern Occurring Along the Hunters Creek Line Route . 3-85 3.5.1.6 Additional State Listed Species or Species of Concern Occurring Along the Citrus County Line Route .. 3-85 3.6 MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT ...... 3-87 3.7 REFERENCES ...... 3-88

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LIST OF TABLES Table 3.2-1 Typical Warmwater Fish Species in the Areas Surrounding the Project Table 3.2-2 Typical Freshwater Fish Species Occurring Near Aboveground Facilities Table 3.2-3 Fisheries of Special Concern Occurring in the Project Vicinity Table 3.3-1 Acres of Vegetation Affected by the Project Table 3.3-2 Representative Plant Species and Vegetation Community Types Table 3.4-1 Representative Wildlife Species Table 3.5-1 Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area Table 3.6-1 USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern

LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX 3A – Comprehensive Listed Species Survey Protocol Document

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RESOURCE REPORT 3—FISH, WILDLIFE, AND VEGETATION Location in Filing Requirement Environmental Report Section 3.2, Tables 3.2-1,  Describe commercial and recreational warmwater, coldwater, and saltwater 3.2-2, 3.2-3 and Table fisheries in the affected area and associated significant habitats (§380.12 (e) (1)). 2.3-6 of Resource Report 2  Describe terrestrial and wetland wildlife and habitats that might be affected by Section 3.3, Section 3.4, the Project; describe typical species that have commercial, recreational, or Table 3.3-1, aesthetic value. (§ 380.12 (e) (2)).  Describe the major vegetative cover types that would be crossed and provide the Section 3.3, Table 3.3-1, acreage of each vegetative cover type that would be affected by construction. (§ Table 3.3-2 380.12 (e) (3)).  Describe the effects of construction, operation, maintenance, clearing, and Section 3.2.7, 3.3.4, and treatment of the Project area on aquatic and terrestrial species and their habitats. 3.4.2 (§ 380.12 (e) (4)).  Evaluate the potential for short-term, long-term, and permanent impact on the wildlife resources and state-listed endangered or threatened species caused by Sections 3.4.1, 3.4.2, and construction and operation of the Project and proposed mitigation measures. (§ 3.5.1 380.12(e) (4)).  Identify all federally listed or proposed endangered or threatened species that potentially occur in the vicinity of the Project and discussion results of Section 3.5 consultations with other agencies regarding those potential species. (§ 380.12 (e) (5)).  Identify all federally listed essential fish habitat (“EFH”) that potentially occur in the vicinity of the Project; identify the result of abbreviated consultations with Section 3.2.5 the National Maritimes and Fisheries Service (“NMFS”); and identify any resulting EFH assessments (§§ 380.12(e)(4) & (7)).  Describe any significant biological resources that would be affected. Describe Sections 3.2.3, 3.2.7, any impacts and any associated mitigation proposed to avoid or minimize that 3.3.2, 3.3.4, 3.4.1, 3.4.2, impact (§§ 380.12(e)(4) & (7)). 3.4.3 and 3.5

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS °C degrees Centigrade °F degrees Fahrenheit ACF Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint ADCNR Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources ALNHP Alabama Natural Heritage Program A&I Agricultural and Industrial supply water Application Certificate Application ATWS additional temporary workspace CU Cataloguing Unit Certificate Certificates of Public Convenience and Necessity E&SCP Erosion & Sediment Control Plan EFH essential fish habitat ESA Endangered Species Act FDEP Florida Department of Environmental Protection FERC Procedures FERC Wetland and Waterbody Construction and Mitigation Procedures FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission FNAI Florida Natural Areas Inventory FSC Florida Southeast Connection, LLC FWC Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission F&W Fish and Wildlife GAEPD Georgia Environmental Protection Division GADNR Georgia Department of Natural Resources GIS geographic information system HDD horizontal directional drill HSI Habitat Suitability Index HUC Hydrologic Unit Code MBTA Migratory Bird Treaty Act MP milepost NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NPS National Park Service NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service OFW Outstanding Florida Water ppt parts per thousand PSA prescribed search area PSM Partial Status Mussel PWS Public Water Supply ROW right-of-way Sabal Trail Sabal Trail Transmission, LLC SP State protected SPCC Plan Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan T&E threatened and/or endangered U.S. United States USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency USFWS U.S. Fisheries and Wildlife Service USGS U.S. Geological Survey

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3.0 RESOURCE REPORT 3 – FISH, WILDLIFE, AND VEGETATION 3.1 Introduction Sabal Trail Transmission, LLC (“Sabal Trail”), a joint venture between affiliates of Spectra Energy Partners, LP and NextEra Energy, Inc., is seeking a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity (“Certificate”) from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”) pursuant to Section 7 (c) of the Natural Gas Act authorizing the construction and operation of the Sabal Trail Project (“Project”). The Project is a new natural gas transmission pipeline that will be constructed, owned and operated by Sabal Trail, extending from Tallapoosa County, Alabama to a new interconnection hub (“the Central Florida Hub”) in Osceola County, Florida. At the Central Florida Hub, the Project will connect with the Florida Southeast Connection Pipeline Project, currently being proposed by Florida Southeast Connection, LLC (“FSC”) (FERC Docket No. PF14-2-000). In addition, at or near the Central Florida Hub, the Project will interconnect with Gulfstream Natural Gas System, LLC (“Gulfstream”) and Florida Gas Transmission Company, LLC (“FGT”). Sabal Trail will also lease capacity from Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company, LLC (“Transco”) on facilities Transco is proposing to construct for its Hillabee Expansion Project (FERC Docket No. PF14-6-000). The Project will have an initial capacity of 800,000 dekatherms per day with a proposed in-service date of May 1, 2017. Through a series of phased compressor station expansions to meet the future capacity needs of Sabal Trail’s customers, the Project capacity will increase to approximately 1,100,000 dekatherms per day by 2021. The proposed Project consists of the following facilities: Pipeline Facilities The Project includes construction of approximately 462.9 miles of new 36-inch diameter natural gas transmission pipeline (the “Mainline Route”), approximately 13.3 miles of new 36-inch diameter natural gas pipeline (“Hunters Creek Line”), and approximately 22.3 miles of new 24-inch diameter natural gas pipeline (the “Citrus County Line”). A summary of the Project pipeline facilities is provided in Table 1.2- 1 (see Tables section of Resource Report 1). A location map of the Project pipeline facilities is provided as Figure 1.1-1 (see Figures section of Resource Report 1).  Mainline Route – Originates in Tallapoosa County, Alabama near Transco milepost (“MP”) 944 and ends at an interconnection with the Florida Southeast Connection Pipeline Project at the Central Florida Hub in Osceola County, Florida;  Hunters Creek Line – Connects at the proposed Reunion Compressor Station located at approximately MP 462.9 to FGT’s existing 30-inch diameter mainline natural gas pipeline in Orange County, Florida; and  Citrus County Line – Located in Marion and Citrus Counties, Florida, extending from Sabal Trail’s facilities at approximately MP 384.2 to a new electric generation plant proposed by Duke Energy Florida, Inc. to be located in Citrus County, Florida. Aboveground Facilities Five new compressor stations are proposed to be constructed along the Mainline Route. Three compressor stations would have a 2017 in-service date, followed by two additional compressor stations with a 2020 in- service date. Expansion work (i.e., additional compression) at two of these five new compressor stations would then be completed with an in-service date of 2021. Natural gas will be the proposed fuel source for the facilities within each compressor station. A summary of the Project aboveground facilities is provided in Table 1.2-2 of Resource Report 1. Aboveground facility plot plans are provided in Appendix 1A, Volume

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II-B of Resource Report 1. United States (“U.S.”) Geological Survey (“USGS”) topographic location excerpts and aerial photography are provided as Figures 1.1-2 and 1.1-3 of Resource Report 1.  Compressor Stations o Alexander City Compressor Station (approximate MP 0.0) – In service 2017. Construction of a compressor station near Alexander City in Tallapoosa County, Alabama. The compressor station will include two Solar Titan 130 and one Solar Titan 250 compressor units; o Albany Compressor Station (approximate MP 157.7) – In service 2020. Construction of a compressor station near Albany in Dougherty County, Georgia after the initial Project in- service date. The compressor station will include one Solar Titan 130 compressor unit. An additional Solar Titan 130 compressor unit will be constructed in a later phase of the Project with an in-service date of 2021; o Hildreth Compressor Station (approximate MP 292.7) – In service 2017. Construction of a compressor station near Lake City in Suwannee County, Florida, consisting of one Solar Titan 130 compressor unit. An additional Solar Titan 130 compressor unit will be constructed in a later phase of the Project with an in-service date of 2021; o Dunnellon Compressor Station (approximate MP 384.2) – In service 2020. Construction of a compressor station near Ocala in Marion County, Florida after the initial in-service date. The compressor station will include one Solar Titan 130 compressor unit; and o Reunion Compressor Station (approximate MP 462.9) – In service 2017. Construction of a compressor station near Intercession City in Osceola County, Florida, consisting of one Titan 130 compressor unit and one Solar Mars 100 compressor unit. In addition, six meter and regulating (“M&R”) stations are proposed for the Project.  M&R Stations o Mainline Route M&R Stations . Transco Hillabee M&R Station in Tallapoosa County, Alabama (MP 0.0) . FGT Suwannee M&R Station in Suwannee County, Florida (MP 296.2) . FSC M&R Station in Osceola County, Florida (MP 462.9) . Gulfstream M&R Station in Osceola County, Florida (MP 462.9) o Hunters Creek Line M&R Station . FGT Hunters Creek M&R Station in Orange County, Florida (MP 13.3) o Citrus County Line M&R Station . Duke Energy Citrus County M&R Station in Citrus County, Florida (MP 22.3) Proposed Mainline Capacity Lease Transco Lease – Mainline capacity lease on Transco’s existing pipeline facilities extending from Transco’s Zone 4 Pool and Transco’s interconnections with Midcontinent Express Pipeline, LLC and Gulf South Pipeline Company, LP, all located near Transco MP 784 in Choctaw County, Alabama to the point of interconnection with the proposed Sabal Trail facilities to be located near Transco MP 944 in Tallapoosa County, Alabama.

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This draft Resource Report 3 describes the fishery resources associated with the waterbodies crossed by the Project (Section 3.2), the existing vegetation resources in the Project area (Section 3.3), the wildlife habitat in the Project area (Section 3.4), the federally and state-protected wildlife species that are known to occur or may potentially occur in the Project area (Section 3.5), and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (Section 3.6). All sections identify existing resources, Project effects to those resources, and measures to avoid, minimize or mitigate effects. A checklist showing the status of the FERC filing requirements for this Resource Report is included in the table of contents. Tables and figures for this resource report are provided in the Tables and Figures section appended to this report. Refer to Resource Report 1 for Project drawings and mapping that show the location of all proposed facilities. 3.2 Fishery Resources Sabal Trail is consulting with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (“USFWS”), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (“NOAA”), National Marine Fisheries Service (“NMFS”), the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (“ADCNR”), the Alabama Natural Heritage Program (“ALNHP”) – Auburn University, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (“GADNR”) - Wildlife Resources Division, the Florida Natural Areas Inventory (“FNAI”), and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (“FWC”) to identify fishery resources in the Project area. Agency correspondence is located in Appendix 1C of Resource Report 1. A total of 336 waterbodies will be crossed by the Sabal Trail Project. Refer to Section 2.3.2 and Tables 2.3-2, 2.3-3, 2.3-4, and 2.3-5 of Resource Report 2 for a more detailed characterization and a list of the waterbodies that will be crossed by the Project. The waterbody crossings and the construction work areas associated with each crossing are shown on the alignment sheets and USGS quadrangles provided in Appendix 1A, Volume II-B of Resource Report 1. Fisheries are surface water areas that provide habitat for fishes and are typically characterized according to water temperature (warmwater or coldwater), salinity (freshwater, marine, or estuarine), types of fishing uses (commercial or recreational), and utilization by open water marine fishes that require freshwater upstream areas to spawn (anadromous species) or freshwater species that migrate to marine waters for reproduction (catadromous species). Significant fisheries resources are defined by the FERC as waterbodies that either (1) provide important habitat for foraging, rearing, or spawning of fish species; (2) represent important commercial or recreational fishing areas; or (3) support large populations of commercially or recreationally valuable fish species or species listed for protection at the federal, state, or local level. 3.2.1 Fisheries Habitat Classification Table 2.3-3 of Resource Report 2, provides a listing of surface water resources crossed by the Mainline Route, Hunters Creek Line and Citrus County Line, the crossing width, and proposed crossing method. Sabal Trail Project facilities are located within 16 different Cataloguing Unit (“CU”) watersheds (i.e., 8- digit Hydrologic Unit Code (“HUC”) as defined by the USGS. A hydrologic unit can accept surface water directly from upstream drainage areas, and indirectly from associated surface areas such as remnant, non- contributing, and diversions to form a drainage area with single or multiple outlet points. Each hydrologic unit is identified by a unique HUC consisting of two to twelve digits based on the six levels of classification: 2-digit HUC first-level (region), 4-digit HUC second-level (subregion), 6-digit HUC third-level (accounting unit), 8-digit HUC fourth-level (CU), 10-digit HUC fifth-level (watershed), and 12-digit HUC sixth-level (subwatershed) (NRCS 2007). Alabama, Georgia, and Florida water management agencies use the 8-digit CU for the purposes of watershed management, monitoring, and assessment activities (Alabama State Water Program 2014, GAEPD 2008, Mylavarapu et al. 2012). Table 2.3-1 of Resource Report 2

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provides information on the watersheds crossed by the Project facilities. These watersheds encompass several waterbodies as summarized in Table 2.3-2 and discussed in Section 2.3.2. Classification of fisheries habitat includes consideration of both chemical and biological characteristics. Physical and chemical properties that can be used to determine fishery classification include water temperature, salinity, and whether the waterbody is part of a marine, estuarine, or freshwater system. Habitat classification, however, also depends on the presence of certain fish species in the aquatic community that can use the habitat for reproduction. The marine system occurs in areas of open ocean which are exposed to the waves and currents, where hydrology is determined primarily by the ebb and flow of oceanic tides, and the salinity exceeds 30 parts per thousand (“ppt”) with little or no dilution or input from freshwater rivers and/or runoff (Cowardin et al., 1979). In the estuarine system, water is at least occasionally diluted by freshwater runoff from the land (Cowardin et al., 1979). Estuarine fish species reside in tidal waters with salinities ranging from 0.5 to 20 ppt and spawning is typically in waters with salinities ranging between 5 and 20 ppt, from late spring through summer. Estuarine fish may have some seasonal movements, but they do not have mass inland migrations for spawning like the anadromous fish. Freshwater systems have low salinity and contain fisheries that are typically classified as either warmwater or coldwater. This designation is dependent upon the dominant species of fish occupying the waterbody. Coldwater fisheries support fish that prefer clear, cold waters; are not tolerant of extreme temperature changes; and cannot survive for long periods with temperatures above 68 oFarenheight (oF). Species such as trout, salmon, and grayling are recognized as coldwater fish. Warmwater fisheries support fish able to tolerate water temperatures above 80 oF. Warmwater fish include such species as crappies, largemouth bass, sunfish, and catfish. Fisheries can also be classified based on whether they support anadromous fish or catadromous fish. These fish species are collectively known as diadromous. Diadromous fish may be found in marine, estuarine, or freshwater habitats, depending on the time of year. 3.2.1.1 Alabama The Project traverses the Tallapoosa and the Chattahoochee-Chipola River Basins in Alabama. Waterbodies in Alabama affected by the pipeline include the Middle Tallapoosa CU. Named streams crossed by the pipeline within this CU include Oaktasasi Creek, Hillabee Creek, Josie Leg Creek, Timbergut Creek, Tallapoosa River, Andrews Branch, and County Line Creek. The Mainline Route enters the Chattahoochee-Chipola River Basin in Chambers county Alabama. Named streams crossed by the pipeline include Boyds/Snapper Creek, Halawakee Creek, Little Halawaka Creek, Phelps Creek, Little Uchee Creek, Flake Creek, Horselot Branch, Uchee Creek, Cowpen Creek, Ihagee Creek, and the Chattahoochee River at the Alabama/Georgia state line. Under Alabama Water Quality Standards (Alabama Administrative Code 335-11-.02), waterbodies in the state are designated for Fish and Wildlife (“F&W”), shellfish harvesting, limited warmwater fishery, Swimming, public water supply (“PWS”), outstanding Alabama water, and agricultural and industrial water supply (“A&I”). All streams crossed by the proposed project mainline in Alabama are classified as F&W except for Uchee creek which has S and PWS classifications in addition to the F&W classification. Fisheries in Alabama near the Project area are freshwater, warmwater fisheries. 3.2.1.2 Georgia The Mainline Route continues to traverse the Middle Chattahoochee –Walter F CU in Georgia. Named streams crossed by the pipeline within the Middle Chattahoochee–Walter F CU in Georgia include

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Hannahatchee Creek, Colochee Creek, Frog Bottom Creek, and Hodchodkee Creek. The Mainline Route then enters the Flint River Basin in Webster County, Georgia and traverses this basin through Terrell, Lee, Dougherty, and Mitchell Counties. Within the Flint River Basin, the Mainline Route traverses the Ichawaynochaway, Kinchafoonee-Muckalee, Cooleewahee Creek, the Flint River, Dry Creek, and Raccoon Creek. The Mainline Route then enters the Ochlocknee River Basin in Colquitt County. Within the Ochlocknee River Basin, the Mainline Route traverses the Upper Ochlocknee CU. Named streams crossed by the pipeline within the Upper Ochlocknee CU include Bridge Creek, Little Creek, and the Ochlocknee River. The Mainline Route traverses the Suwannee River Basin in Georgia from Colquitt County through Brooks and Lowndes counties to the Florida state line. Within the Suwannee River Basin in Georgia the Mainline Route traverses the Withlacoochee and Little CUs. Named streams crossed by the pipeline in the Withlacoochee CU include Sloans Creek, Hog Creek, Little Creek, Okapilco Creek, Coon Creek, the Withlacoochee River, and Clyatt Mill Creek. Under Georgia Water Quality Standards (Georgia code 391-3-6), surface waters in the state are designated as fishing, recreation, and/or drinking water. All streams in Georgia affected by the Project are classified as “fishing”. In addition to this classification, Hodchodkee Creek, Patula Creek, Hannahatchee Creek, Cooleewahee Creek, Ochlockonee River, Withlacoochee River, and the Flint River are classified as high priority species streams by GADNR. High priority waters were selected by GADNR to protect key populations of high priority species and restore aquatic ecosystems. Fisheries in Georgia near the Project area are freshwater, warmwater fisheries. 3.2.1.3 Florida The Mainline Route continues to traverse the Suwannee River Basin in Florida from the Georgia state line through Madison, Hamilton, Suwannee, Gilchrist, and Alachua counties and into Levy County. Within the Suwannee River Basin in Florida the mainline traverses the Withlacoochee, Lower Suwannee, Santa Fe, and Waccasassa CUs. Named streams crossed by the pipeline in the Withlacoochee CU include Jumping Gully Creek and the Withlacoochee River. Named streams crossed by the pipeline in the Lower Suwannee CU include the Suwannee River and Little River, and the Santa Fe River is crossed within the Santa Fe CU. No named streams are crossed within the Waccasassa CU. The Mainline Route traverses the Withlacoochee River Basin in Marion, Sumter, and Lake Counties and the Citrus County Line traverses this basin in Marion and Citrus counties. Within the Withlacoochee Basin, the pipeline crosses the Withlacoochee CU including named streams Gum Slough and the Outlet River on the Mainline Route and the Withlacoochee River on the Citrus County Line. The remainder of the Mainline Route and the Hunters Creek Line traverse the Kissimmee River Basin within the Kissimmee CU in Polk, Osceola, and Orange counties. Under Florida water quality standards (Florida rule 62-302.400), surface wasters are designated using six different classes: Class I (potable water), Class II (shellfish propagation or harvesting), Class III (fish consumption, recreation, propagation and maintenance of a healthy, well-balanced population of fish and wildlife), Class III limited (Fish Consumption; Recreation or Limited Recreation; and/or Propagation and Maintenance of a Limited Population of Fish and Wildlife), Class IV (agricultural water supplies), and Class V (navigation and industrial use). All streams and lakes crossed by the pipeline are designated as Class III. In addition to this classification, the Suwannee River, Santa Fe River, and the Withlacoochee River System, which includes Gum Slough and Outlet River, are classified as Outstanding Florida Waters (“OFWs”) as defined by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (“FDEP”) under Florida Administrative Code (Chapter 62-302.700. The FDEP designates OFWs for waterbodies worthy of special protection because of their natural attributes. Because of their exceptional water quality, OFWs could

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contain fisheries of recreational value or provide habitat for listed species. Fisheries in Florida near the Project area are freshwater, warmwater fisheries. 3.2.2 Existing Fishery Resources Table 2.3-3 of Resource Report 2 lists the waterbodies crossed by the Project and fishery classification. 3.2.2.1 Fish Species Present along the Sabal Trail Pipeline A total of 336 waterbodies will be crossed by Sabal Trail pipeline in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Freshwater species characteristic of warmwater fisheries may be found in the Project area in low salinity, non-tidal reaches of the smaller tributaries and ponds. Fish known to occur along the Sabal Trail pipeline facilities are summarized in Table 3.2-1. 3.2.2.2 Fish Species Present at Aboveground Facilities Construction and operation of new aboveground facilities, and modifications to existing aboveground facilities, are not expected to result in significant effects to any waterbodies. Sabal Trail is currently evaluating existing and proposed access roads, and any potential effects on surface waters from improvement of existing roads and/or construction of new roads. A final determination will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Certificate Application (“Application”). Typical fish species known or likely to occur within the freshwater streams at aboveground facility sites and/or along access to these sites are summarized in Table 3.2-2. Species included in the table are typical fish species associated with warmwater fisheries. The pipe yards and contractor ware yards are still being finalized. Once the list is finalized, their locations will be depicted on USGS Quadrangle mapping located in Appendix 1A of Resource Report 1. These areas will be used for equipment, pipe, and material storage, as well as temporary field offices and pipe preparation/field assembly. Sabal Trail will advise all contractors that they must utilize the pipe and contractor ware yard locations approved for the Project, and shall not establish a staging or warehouse yard for this Project in other locations without Sabal Trail first being advised and the FERC granting permission to use the area. Refer to Resource Report 8 for additional information regarding pipe and contractor ware yards associated with the Project. 3.2.3 Fisheries of Special Concern Waterbodies with fisheries of special concern include those that have fisheries with important recreational value, support coldwater fisheries, are included in special state fishery management regulations, or provide habitat for federally or state-listed threatened or endangered (“T&E”) species. Waterbodies that have significant economic value because of fish stocking programs, commercial fisheries, essential fish habitat (“EFH”), or tribal harvest, are also considered fisheries of special concern (see Section 3.2.5 for a discussion of EFH species). Sabal Trail consulted with the USFWS, NOAA-NMFS, ADCNR, ALNHP-Auburn University, GADNR, FNAI, and FWC to identify waterbodies that may contain federally or state-listed threatened, endangered, or candidate species and their habitat, EFH, coldwater fisheries, and other fisheries resources that could be considered fisheries of special concern (see Section 3.5 for a discussion of T&E species). No coldwater fisheries exist in the Project area. Fisheries of special concern in the Sabal Trail Project area are listed in Table 3.2-3. Effects to fisheries resources, including fisheries of special concern, are discussed in Section 3.2.7.

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3.2.4 Commercial Fisheries Waterbodies supporting commercial fisheries may be of particular concern because of the need to avoid, minimize, and mitigate any economic effects that may be caused by construction within the waterbody. The commercial fishing industry of Alabama in 2012 was worth a total of $46,534,329 while commercial fishing in Georgia and Florida (east and west coast combined) were worth $16,315,409 and $198,940,843 (NMFS 2012). No marine commercial fisheries are located in the project vicinity. 3.2.5 Essential Fish Habitat The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (Magnuson-Stevens Act 16 U.S.C. § 1801 et seq.) established a management system for marine fisheries resources in the United States. In particular, Congress charged the NMFS and the fishery management councils, along with other federal and state agencies and the fishing community, to identify habitats essential to managed species, which include marine, estuarine, and anadromous finfish, mollusks and crustaceans. The habitat is identified as EFH and defined to include “those waters and substrate necessary to fish for spawning, breeding, feeding, or growth to maturity.” According to data from the NMFS EFH Mapper (NMFS, 2014), no essential fish habitat or habitat areas of particular concern cross the project Mainline Route, Hunters Creek Line, or Citrus County Line. The waterbodies affected by the project are classified as freshwater systems that support warmwater fisheries. Warmwater fisheries are defined as those waters capable of supporting fish able to tolerate water temperatures above 80°F whereas coldwater fisheries are defined as those waters that support fish that: prefer clear, cold waters; are not tolerant of extreme temperature changes; and cannot survive for long periods with temperatures above 68°F. The NMFS confirmed that no EFH exists in the project vicinity and that the agency had no comments or recommendations with regards to the Project (Sramek, 2014). 3.2.6 Waterbody Construction Methods Additional detail on waterbody crossing methods is provided in Section 1.6.1.6 in Resource Report 1 and Section 2.3-7 of Resource Report 2. The proposed waterbody crossing methods are provided in Table 2.3- 3 of Resource Report 2. Sabal Trail is proposing that all streams will be crossed using a dry crossing method where feasible (unless streams are dry or no perceptible flow is occurring at the time of crossing). Dry crossing methods involve installation of a flume pipe(s) and/or dam and pump prior to trenching to divert the stream flow around the construction area and allow trenching of the stream crossing in drier conditions, isolated from the stream flow. This typically results in reduced effects from sedimentation within the waterbody compared to conventional wet crossing methods. All major waterbody crossings are listed in Table 2.3-5 of Resource Report 2. Horizontal Directional Drill (“HDD”) method is being evaluated to cross the major waterbodies for the Project. In addition to waterbodies, the Project will cross several wetland areas (see Section 2.4 of Resource Report 2), some of which provide habitat for various fish and invertebrate species of differing life stages and with seasonal changes in distribution and abundance. All wetland resources in the Project area are palustrine and non-tidal. Wetland construction methods and locations are described in Section 2.4.4 of Resource Report 2. 3.2.6.1 Blasting Based on the surficial geology along the Project route, Sabal Trail does not anticipate that waterbody crossings in Florida will require blasting during construction, but there is a potential for blasting to be required in Alabama and Georgia. Should further geotechnical investigation identify a need for blasting, Sabal Trail will consult with fishery management agencies regarding the need for mitigation measures. If

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blasting is necessary, pre-blast and post-blast inspections by Sabal Trail will be performed as necessary and Sabal Trail will comply with regulations applicable to blasting and blast vibration limits with regard to structures and underground utilities. Bedrock removal and blasting are further discussed in Section 1.6.1.3 of Resource Report 1 and Section 6.4 of Resource Report 6. 3.2.7 Fisheries Effects and Mitigation This section describes potential effects and measures that will be implemented to minimize effects to fisheries resources in the Project area, including EFH and other fisheries of special concern. Proposed crossing methods for each waterbody are provided in Table 2.3-3 of Resource Report 2. Crossing methods will include wet open cut, dry crossing (including Flume or Dam and Pump, Cofferdam or Dry Open Cut), Conventional Bore, HDD, or Direct Pipe. For most waterbodies crossed by the Sabal Trail pipelines, there will be minimal or no effect to fisheries. No EFH or tidal wetlands occur within the Project area. Aquatics surveys will be conducted between April-November 2014 to determine if sensitive fish species are present within waterbodies not proposed to be crossed via the Conventional Bore, HDD or Direct Pipe methods. A discussion of the aquatic surveys will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. As described in Section 1.6.1.1 of Resource Report 1, in general, the trench will be at least deep enough (a minimum of seven feet deep for the 36-inch diameter mainline pipeline and 36-inch diameter Hunters Creek Line and six feet deep for the 24-inch diameter Citrus County Line pipeline) to provide a minimum of three feet of cover over the pipeline as required by 49 CFR Part 192 of the U.S. Department of Transportation (“USDOT”) regulations. Deeper burial may be required in specific areas such as agricultural land or under waterbodies. Given the shallow depth of installation, alteration of soil perculation rates and groundwater flow patterns into waterbodies that support fisheries is not anticipated. Open Cut Method Typical effects associated with the open cut method include alteration of the stream bed and stream banks, in-stream sedimentation, increased turbidity during construction, and interference with fish and aquatic habitats. Trench spoil will be stored above the banks of waterbodies crossed by the pipeline facilities and will be protected with erosion control devices that prevent, or significantly reduce, sediment runoff from entering the waterbody. Turbidity resulting from suspension of sediments during in-stream construction could reduce light penetration and photosynthetic oxygen production. Additionally, re-suspension of organic and inorganic materials can cause an increase in biochemical oxygen demand, resulting in a decrease in dissolved oxygen. However, any decreases in oxygen will be short term and may occur during active construction across waterbodies. Ponds, lakes, reservoirs, and slow-moving streams that have thick organic sediment deposits often experience a decrease in oxygen at the sediment-water interface, particularly during the summer months when bacterial respiration is high and chemical oxidation is greatest. Re-suspension of this type of sediment could result in localized depletion of oxygen throughout the water column, which could temporarily displace fish from the affected area. Open-cut construction will also require clearing of streamside vegetation, resulting in reduced shading and possible increases in water temperature in warmwater streams. However, since the stream bank clearing will be limited and mostly occur adjacent to previously cleared rights-of-way, the effect is expected to be localized and minimal. Downstream water temperatures will not be significantly increased. The FERC Wetland and Waterbody Construction and Mitigation Procedures (“FERC Procedures”), which limit vegetation maintenance adjacent to waterbodies and require a riparian strip at least 25 feet wide to be maintained and permanently revegetated with native plants across the right-of-way, will reduce the long- term effects of the construction. In addition, the implementation of stream bank restoration and revegetation guidelines in the FERC Procedures will minimize the potential for stream bank erosion.

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Dry Crossing Method Construction effects on fishery resources, may include direct contact with relatively immobile prey that may be food resources for fish, increased sedimentation and water turbidity immediately downstream of the construction workspace, alteration or removal of aquatic habitat cover, introduction of pollutants, impingement or entrainment of fish and other biota associated with the use of water pumps at dam and pump crossings, and downstream scour associated with use of those pumps. Fish passage during dam and pump crossings will be temporarily restricted during the installation of the new pipeline or removal of the existing pipeline. Fish passage will only be temporarily interrupted, and will be restored immediately after the restoration of the stream bed and banks. The short-term and localized interruption of fish passage is not anticipated to dramatically affect the migration of fish within the stream systems. Pipeline construction across waterbodies may also result in short-term water quality effects, from temporary increases in turbidity and sedimentation downstream of the crossing site. Dry crossing construction activities will be performed in a manner that will minimize the potential for erosion and sedimentation within the stream channel. Specifically, dry crossing methods will be implemented, where site conditions permit, to confine in-stream effects to the construction workspace and eliminate effects to downstream reaches. Additionally, Sabal Trail will strive to complete in-stream pipeline removal and installation activities within a 24-hour period for minor crossings and 48 hours for intermediate crossings per each operation. Sabal Trail will implement the detailed erosion and sedimentation control measures provided in the Sabal Trail Project Erosion & Sediment Control Plan (“E&SCP”), provided in Appendix 1B of Resource Report 1, to contain materials in the workspace and minimize effects to fisheries from changes in water quality. Clearing Removal of trees and other streamside vegetation from the edges of waterbodies at the crossing may reduce shading of the waterbody, diminish escape cover, and can result in locally elevated water temperatures. Elevated water temperatures can, in turn, lead to reductions in levels of dissolved oxygen. This can negatively influence habitat quality and reduce availability of habitat for certain fish species. Effects resulting from tree clearing will be minimized due to the use of existing cleared ROWs and/or previously developed corridors for the majority of the Sabal Trail pipeline facilities. In general, minimal forested vegetation is present along the pipeline route so any effects are expected to be minor. To further minimize potential effects associated with loss of riparian shade and vegetation cover, clearing of trees and other vegetation will be restricted to only what is necessary to safely construct and operate the pipeline. Once construction is complete, streambeds and banks will be quickly restored to preconstruction conditions to the fullest extent possible. Restoration, bank stabilization, and revegetation efforts, which are defined in the Sabal Trail Project E&SCP, will minimize the potential for erosion from the surrounding landscape. Adherence to Sabal Trail’s E&SCP will also maximize the potential for re-growth of riparian vegetation, thereby minimizing the potential for any long-term effects associated with lack of shade and cover. Implementation of Sabal Trail’s construction, restoration, and mitigation procedures will result in only limited, short-term effects to fishery resources, and the aquatic habitats upon which these fishery resources depend. Invertebrate populations will recolonize the crossing area and temporary workspaces will revert to their original condition, including re-establishment of riparian cover. Furthermore, operation and routine maintenance of the pipeline ROWs and aboveground facilities, which will be restricted to clearing and mowing vegetation on the permanent ROW, are not expected to have any noticeable effect on fishery resources in the Project area.

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Sediment and Turbidity Increased sedimentation and turbidity from in-stream construction across waterbodies has the greatest potential to adversely affect fishery resources. However, these types of effects will be short term and would only occur during the construction phase. Total suspended solid (“TSS”) concentrations may increase during construction, but soon after construction is complete these concentrations will decrease as the in- stream sediments disturbed during construction are allowed to settle. 3.2.7.1 Horizontal Directional Drill Crossings Resources that will be crossed using the HDD method include crossings of fisheries of special concern at Uchee Creek, Hannahatchee Creek, Flint River, Ochlockonee River, Withlacoochee River (Georgia), Withlacoochee River (Florida), Suwannee River, Santa Fe River, Gum Slough, Outlet River, and the Withlacoochee River (Florida, Citrus County Line). Note the adoption of the Gum Slough Alternative as part of the Mainline will avoid the crossing of Gum Slough and the Outlet River. The adoption of this alternative was not completed in time to be included in this draft of the resource report. The resource reports to be filed with the Project Application will address the adoption of this alternative. Use of the HDD crossing method is the primary avoidance and minimization measure for fisheries resources at these locations, allowing the pipeline to be installed beneath the waterbody without surface disruption between the drill entry and exit points. This allows the installation to occur in a manner that minimizes potential effects to federally managed and protected fish species and aquatic habits. Potential effects associated with construction of HDDs include erosion or sedimentation associated with the onshore operation of the HDD equipment, which could result in localized turbidity if it enters an adjacent waterbody. Sabal Trail will implement the detailed erosion and sedimentation control measures provided in the Sabal Trail Project E&SCP to contain materials in the workspace. HDD workspaces will be located away from aquatic resources associated with the crossings wherever possible. Inadvertent Release of Drilling Fluid As part of the HDD process, a bentonite drilling fluid will be used to lubricate the cutting tools, maintain the integrity of the hole and transport cutting material from the hole. There are certain effects that could occur as a result of the drilling, such as inadvertent release of drilling fluid. An inadvertent drilling fluid release could occur in the area of the drilling fluid pits or tanks, or along the path of the drill due to unfavorable ground conditions, potentially releasing drilling fluid onto the bottom of the waterbody. Drilling fluid is composed of naturally occurring materials, such as bentonite, which in small quantities would not be detrimental to aquatic species, as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“USEPA”) has classified it as not toxic. Detail on potential fluid releases is provided in Section 2.3.7.4 of Resource Report 2. In larger quantities, the release of drilling fluid to a waterbody could affect fisheries if the accidentally released fluid sufficiently buries benthic resources of the waterbody. The drilling fluid consists of bentonite clay slurry that is denser than water, which increases the opportunity to capture the material. Finfish in the juvenile and adult life stages typically have enough mobility to avoid a bentonite discharge. However, should any species with demersal eggs be present, they may suffer mortality in the case of an inadvertent release. The discharged material would be localized to the inadvertent release area, is non-toxic, and can often be cleaned up. The drilled spoil would settle in the immediate vicinity of the inadvertent release location. Drilling fluids released at the inadvertent release location would tend to disperse near the bottom of the water column, but because of their fine particle size, a small quantity would remain in suspension for an extended period of time. Sabal Trail has prepared a Horizontal Directional Drill Contingency Plan (Appendix 2A of Resource Report 2) providing details that address the inadvertent release of drilling fluid. In order to minimize effects to fisheries resources, fisheries of special concern, and/or protected fish species,

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Sabal Trail would comply with the measures outlined in this plan in the case of an inadvertent release of drilling fluid. 3.2.7.2 Hydrostatic Test Water Hydrostatic test water appropriations and discharges will not result in a significant entrainment of fish, loss of habitat, or an adverse effect to water quality. Proposed sources of water in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida to be used by Sabal Trail for hydrostatic testing of the Sabal Trail pipeline facilities are listed in Tables 2.3-10, 2.3-11 and 2.3-12 in Resource Report 2. The withdrawal locations will occur at or near the construction corridor. The discharge locations have not been identified, but all discharge locations will be sited within a well vegetated upland area within the same watershed, where practicable. No inter-basin transfers are expected to occur as a result of the hydrostatic testing. Sabal Trail has not yet determined whether they will integrity test their non-pipeline facilities hydrostatically or pneumatically. If local sources of water are used, withdrawal intake hoses will be fitted with intake screen devices to prevent the entrainment of fingerlings and small fish during water withdrawal. Discharge will comply with regulatory permit conditions and will be controlled to prevent scour and sedimentation, flooding, or the introduction of foreign or toxic substances into the aquatic system. Sampling of discharge water will be conducted in accordance with the Sabal Trail Project E&SCP to document water quality at the time of discharge. A detailed description of the hydrostatic test process and mitigation measures is provided in Section 2.3.6 of Resource Report 2. 3.2.7.3 Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures Accidental spills of construction-related fluids (e.g., oil, gasoline, or hydraulic fluids) on the landscape or directly into waterbodies could result in water quality effects affecting fish and other organisms. Effects to fisheries would depend on the type and quantity of the spill, and the dispersal and attenuation characteristics of the waterbody. Minimization and mitigation procedures related to water quality are discussed in detail in Section 2.3.8 of Resource Report 2. To reduce the potential for surface water contamination, Sabal Trail will have a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan (“SPCC Plan”) in place prior to construction that the Contractor(s) will be required to implement. The SPCC Plan is provided in Appendix 1B of Resource Report 1. To minimize spill risk, refueling or other handling of hazardous materials within 100 feet of wetland and waterbody resources will be restricted. If the 100-foot setback cannot be met, these activities will be performed under the supervision of an Environmental Inspector in accordance with the SPCC Plan. The SPCC Plan also specifies that Sabal Trail will conduct routine inspections of tank and storage areas to help reduce the potential for spills or leaks of hazardous materials. 3.2.7.6 Aboveground Facilities Sabal Trail proposes to construct five compressor stations and six M&R stations along its proposed pipeline. Additional information on proposed compressor and M&R station facilities is provided in Section 1.4 of Resource Report 1. The pipe yards and contractor ware yards have not been finalized. The yards that will be proposed for use during Project construction will be depicted on USGS Quadrangle mapping located in Appendix 1A, Volume II-B of Resource Report 1. These areas will be used for equipment, pipe, and material storage, as well as temporary field offices and pipe preparation/field assembly areas. Sabal Trail will advise all contractors that they must utilize the pipe and contractor ware yard locations approved for the Project, and shall not establish any additional staging or warehouse yards for this Project without Sabal Trail first being advised and the FERC granting permission to use the area. No significant effects to fisheries are anticipated for waterbodies located in the vicinity of the compressor station sites and M&R stations. Sabal Trail will implement the detailed erosion and sedimentation control

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measures provided in the Sabal Trail Project E&SCP to contain materials in the workspace at any sites with nearby water resources, in order to minimize any offsite effects to fisheries. Compressor Stations Alexander City Compressor Station The Alexander City Compressor Station is located within the Tallapoosa River Basin, Middle Tallapoosa CU. Field surveys in 2014 did not identify any surface waters within the Alexander City Compressor Station property and therefore no fisheries should be affected. Albany Compressor Station The Albany Compressor Station is located within the Flint River Basin, Lower Flint CU. Field surveys in 2014 did not identify any surface waters within the Albany Compressor Station property and therefore no fisheries should be affected. Hildreth Compressor Station The Hildreth Compressor Station is located within the Suwannee River Basin, Lower Suwannee CU. Environmental field surveys at the proposed Hildreth Compressor Station site will be conducted in the late spring or summer of 2014. Environmental field survey results for the site will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. It is not anticipated that fisheries will be identified at this location or affected. Dunnellon Compressor Station The Dunnellon Compressor Station is located within the Withlacoochee River Basin, Withlacoochee CU. Field surveys did not identify any surface waters within the Dunnellon Compressor Station site and therefore no fisheries should be affected. Reunion Compressor Station The Reunion Compressor Station is located within the Kissimmee River Basin, Kissimmee CU. The site was surveyed for surface waters in 2014 and one waterbody (WB13CAR038) was identified within the site, outside of the proposed fence line on the east side of the property (see Table 2.3-3 in Resource Report 2). Construction of the Reunion Compressor Station will be located a minimum of 50 feet from the identified waterbody to avoid effects to fisheries. M&R Stations Transco Hillabee M&R Station The Transco Hillabee M&R Station is located at the Alexander City Compressor Station site, within the Tallapoosa River Basin, Middle Tallapoosa CU. Field surveys in 2014 did not identify any surface waters within the Transco Hillabee M&R Station site; therefore no fisheries will be affected. FGT Suwannee M&R Station The FGT Suwannee M&R Station is located within the Suwannee River Basin, Lower Suwannee CU. Environmental field surveys conducted at the proposed FGT Suwannee M&R Station site indicate that the site is entirely upland with no waterbodies, consequently no fisheries will be affected. FSC M&R Station The FSC M&R Station is located at the Reunion Compressor Station site, within the Kissimmee River Basin, Kissimmee CU. Field surveys in 2014 did not identify any surface waters within the FSC M&R Station site; therefore no fisheries will be affected.

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Gulfstream M&R Station The Gulfstream M&R Station is located at the Reunion Compressor Station site, within the Kissimmee River Basin, Kissimmee CU. Field surveys in 2014 did not identify any surface waters within the Gulfstream M&R Station site; therefore no fisheries will be affected. FGT Hunters Creek M&R Station The FGT Hunters Creek M&R Station is located within the Kissimmee River Basin, Kissimmee CU. Environmental field surveys at the proposed FGT Hunters Creek M&R Station site are scheduled for late spring to early summer 2014. Desktop review of site did not identify any USGS National Hydrography Dataset waterbodies within the proposed FGT Hunters Creek M&R station site. Environmental field survey results for the site will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. It is not anticipated that fisheries would be located at this location or affected. Duke Energy Citrus County M&R Station The Duke Energy Citrus County M&R Station is located within the Springs Coast Basin, Crystal- Pithlachascotee CU. Environmental field surveys at the proposed Duke Energy Citrus County M&R Station site are scheduled for late spring to early summer 2014. Desktop review of site did not identify any National Hydrography Dataset waterbodies within the proposed Duke Energy Citrus County M&R Station site. Environmental field survey results for the site will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. It is not anticipated that fisheries would be located at this location or impacted. 3.3 Vegetation This section describes the vegetation resources that could be affected by the construction and operation of the proposed Sabal Trail Project facilities. Included are descriptions of the various plant communities found in the Project area, descriptions of any unique or protected vegetation, and the methods Sabal Trail will employ to minimize impacts to these vegetation resources. 3.3.1 Existing Vegetation The Project lies in in the USGS Atlantic Plain, East Gulf Coastal Plain and Floridian Section Physiographic Regions (USGS, 2003). Physiographic regions are areas that have similar environmental resources and characteristics including geology, physiography, vegetation, climate, soils, land use, wildlife, and hydrology. The Project is also located within the Southern Mixed Forest Ecosystem Province and Outer Coastal Plain Mixed Ecosystem Province (Bailey, 1995). The Southern Mixed Forest Ecosystem is primarily encountered by the project in Alabama and Georgia. The typical vegetation community within the Southern Mixed Forest Ecosystem is composed of medium to tall forests of broadleaf deciduous and needleaf evergreen trees. Mixed or monoculture populations of pine dominate these woodlands including species of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata), and other southern yellow pines species. Common subdominant deciduous hardwoods include oak, hickory, sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica), red maple (Acer rubrum), and winged elm (Ulmus alata). Herbaceous grasses and forbs include bluestem, panicums and longleaf uniola (Chasmanthium sessiliflorum). Additional associated understory species include dogwoods, viburnums, blueberry, American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana), youpon (Ilex vomitoria), and numerous woody vines. (Bailey, 1995) The Project passes through the Outer Coastal Plain Mixed Province in Florida. Temperate rainforests or temperate evergreen or laurel forest is the typical forest type of this province. The climax vegetation of these communities is the evergreen-oak and magnolia forest. Canopy species usually encountered include

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evergreen oaks and members of the laurel and magnolia families. The subcanopy is usually a well- developed community of tree ferns, small palms, shrubs, and herbaceous plants. Lianas and epiphytes including Spanish moss are often observed at lower elevations. Within this province, the coastal marshes and interior swamps are dominated by gum and cypress. Undisturbed uplands are dominated by subclimax pine forest with an understory of grasses and sedges called savannas. Within the savannas, depressional areas forming bogs or pocosins are can become dominated by evergreen shrubs. (Bailey, 1995) The vegetation cover types within the Project area are consistent with typical plant communities found in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Plant community types along the pipeline route and at aboveground facility sites were determined based on a review of aerial photography, existing land use classifications, and field surveys. The Project passes through the following USEPA Level IV Ecoregions in Alabama: Southern Inner Piedmont, Southern Outer Piedmont, Flatwoods/Blackland Prairie Margins, Southern Hilly Gulf Coastal Plain and the Fall Line Hills (USEPA, 2013). Oak-hickory and oak-pine are the major forest types within the Southern Inner Piedmont. The Flatwoods/Blackland Prairie Margins are comprised of mostly forested lowland areas of little relief. The natural vegetation within the Southern Hilly Gulf Coastal Plain is oak- hickory-pine forested that grade into southern mixed forests with some cropland and pasture. The Fall Line Hills is characterized by a forested terrain of mostly oak-hickory-pine on hills between 200-400 feet elevation with some areas of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) reintroduction. In Georgia, the Project encounters the following USEPA Level IV Ecoregions: Dougherty Plain, Tifton Upland, Coastal Plain Red Uplands, Tallahassee Hills/Valdosta Limesink, Southeastern Floodplains and Low Terraces (USEPA, 2013). The Dougherty Plain is characterized as croplands and pastures with crops such as peanuts, pecan, and cotton. The Dougherty Plain also contains poorly drained depressional areas dominated by blackgum, sweetgum, water oak (Quercus nigra), pine, and cypress. The Tifton Upland is described as a mosaic of agriculture, pasture, and some mixed pine/hardwood forests. Crops produced in the Tifton Upland include cotton, peanuts, soybeans, and corn. The vast majority of the Coastal Plain Red Uplands is used for cropland or pasture with some woodlands remaining on steep slopes. The Tallahassee Hills/Valdosta Limesink Ecoregion is influenced by underlying limestone. Mixed hardwoods and pine are found on the clayhill upland soils with longleaf pine, xerophytic oak types occurring on the sandy, well- drained soils. The Southeastern Floodplains and Low Terraces is characterized as a riverine ecoregion of large rivers and backwaters with ponds, swamps, and oxbow lakes. Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), water tupelo (Nyssa aquatic), and oak-dominated bottomland hardwood forests dominate this ecosystem. The Project passes through the Tallahassee Hills/Valdosta Limesink, Gulf Coast Flatwoods, Central Florida Ridges and Uplands, Southwestern Florida Flatwoods, and Eastern Florida Flatwoods USEPA Level IV Ecosystems (USEPA, 2013) in Florida. The USEPA has further classified areas into Lake Regions which for the project include the Northern Peninsula Karst Plains, Gulf Coast Lowlands, Northern Brooksville Ridge, Tsala Apopka, Webster Dry Plain, Clermont Uplands, Green Swamp, Northern Lake Wales Ridge, Osceola Slope, Kissimmee/Okeechobee Lowland, Southern Brooksville Ridge, and Big Bend Karst (Griffith and Omernik, 2008). Within the Northern Peninsula Karst Plains, much of the natural forest communities, including longleaf pine/turkey oak (Quercus cerris) and mixed hardwoods, have been converted for agriculture. The Gulf Coast Lowlands including coastal dune lakes, flatwood lakes, edge lakes, river floodplain or oxbow lakes, and reservoirs. The Northern Brooksville Ridge is area with xeric sand hills, with natural vegetation of longleaf pine and turkey oak. The Tsala Apopka region is an area of interconnected swamps, marshes, ponds and lakes. The Webster Dry Plain is an area of thin soils and few lakes. The Clermont Uplands is characterized by prairies, swamps, solution lakes, and low to high sand hills covered by citrus groves. Vegetation within the Green Swamp includes cypress in the swampy areas, pine flatwoods, and some pine and oak in the better-drained upland areas. The Northern Lake Wales Ridge is a composite of citrus groves, pasture, urban and residential development. In the Osceola Slope, vegetation

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is primarily pine flatwoods, but some low, dry ridges have turkey oak and sand scrub. The Kissimmee/Okeechobee Lowland region consists of prairie type grasslands, flatwoods, and some swamp forest. Forests with the Southern Brooksville Ridge are typified as thick sandhills that are covered by hammock, turkey oak, and longleaf pine vegetation communities. The inland portion of the Big Bend Karst region where the project occurs is characterized by pine flatwoods and swamp forests. 3.3.1.1 Pipeline Facilities The Project pipeline facilities traverse forested and open upland communities, as well as palustrine forested, scrub-shrub and emergent wetlands. The Project pipeline facilities also traverse or are adjacent to urban and developed lands; therefore, vegetative communities in the area also reflect previous anthropogenic disturbance. A list of common or representative plant species within each vegetation community type is provided in Table 3.3-2. Upland Forest Upland forest is present throughout the proposed mainline route in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Upland forest communities have been identified within the construction corridor and ATWS for the pipeline route, so clearing in some areas may be required. Sabal Trail does not anticipate clearing of forested vegetation at Temporary Access Roads. Upland mixed woodland forests are well-developed with a partially closed canopy. These woodlands typically occur on loamy soils and characteristic species include: southern red oak (Quercus falcate), post oak (Quercus stellate), longleaf pine, and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) (FNAI, 1990). Typical upland plants identified during environmental surveys for Alabama included: red maple, farkleberry (Vaccinium arboreum), sweetgum, muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia), greenbrier (Smilax bona- nox), loblolly pine, juniper (Juniperus virginiana), winged elm (Ulmus alata), and Christmas fern (Polystichum acrostichoides). Upland plant communities in Georgia were similar and all of the above mentioned plants were common. Common upland plants in Florida included: sawtooth blackberry (Rubus argutus), broomsedge bluestem (Andropogon virginicus), southern live oak (Quercus virginiana), variable witch grass (Dichanthelium commutatum ssp. commutatum), flat-top goldenrod (Euthamia caroliniana), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), and sand laurel oak (Quercus hemisphaerica). Forested Wetland Forested wetlands in the Project area consist mostly of bottomland forests that are pure stands of hardwoods or mixed forests that include hardwoods and pine and/or cypress. Tree species include black gum, water tupelo, bald cypress, red maple, and sweet bay (Magnolia virginiana). These forests occur in low-lying flatlands or scattered low spots in basins and depressions (FNAI, 1990). Typical plants in forested wetlands included: red maple, river birch (Betula nigra), black tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica), water oak, sweetgum, overcup oak (Quercus lyrata), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), and sweet bay magnolia. In Florida, the above species are present along with pond cypress (Taxodium ascendens) and loblolly-bay (Gordonia lasianthus). Scrub-shrub Wetland Scrub-shrub wetlands consist of dense stands of shrubs and short trees (1-5 m tall), with or without an overstory of scattered trees. These wetlands are often found on the border of swamps and in flat, poorly drained areas between streams (FNAI, 1990). Common plants found in these wetlands during environmental surveys included: sweetgum, red maple, loblolly pine, black willow (Salix nigra), common buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), peppervine (Ampelopsis arborea), gallberry (Ilex glabra), wax myrtle (Morella cerifera), and in Florida, fetterbrush lyonia (Lyonia lucida).

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Emergent Wetland Emergent wetlands and depression marshes are shallow with herbaceous vegetation and sandy soils. Common plants in these wetlands include maiden cane (Panicum hemitomon), sedges, common rush (Juncus effusus), pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata), arrowhead (Sagittaria lancifolia), and cordgrass (Spartina spp.) (FNAI, 1990). Typical vegetation recorded during environmental surveys included common rush, waterpepper (Persicaria hydropiperoides), woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus), broom panicgrass (Dicanthelium scoparium), denseflower knotweed (Persicaria glabra), maidencane, and slender rush (Juncus tenius). 3.3.1.2 Aboveground Facilities The following section describes the existing vegetation at the proposed compressor station sites. Alexander City Compressor Station The Alexander City Compressor Station location is predominantly open pasture grassland and some mixed hardwood forest. Species observed in the mix hardwood forest include loblolly pine, sweetgum, water oak, wax myrtle, Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), sawtooth blackberry (Rubus argutus), winged sumac (Rhus copallinum), Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis), bushy bluestem (Andropogon glomeratus), dogfennel (Eupatorium capillifolium), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), and common greenbriar (Smilax rotundifolia). Albany Compressor Station Vegetation that occurs at the Albany Compressor Station includes: Water oak, willow oak (Quercus phellos), red maple (Acer rubrum), sugarberry (Celtis laevigata), dwarf palmetto (Sabal minor), giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea), false hop sedge (Carex lupuliformis), common greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia), greenbrier (Smilax bona-nox), and poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans). Swamp smartweed (Persicaria hydropiperoides), Carolina foxtail (Alopercurus carolinianus), and Haspan flatsedge (Cyperus haspan) were also found in the area. Other plants associated with the compressor station included swamp smartweed (Persicaria hydropiperoides), Carolina foxtail (Alopecurus carolinianus) and flatsedge (Cyperus haspan). Hildreth Compressor Station Environmental field surveys at the Hildreth Compressor Station site will be conducted in the late spring or summer of 2014. Environmental field survey results for the site, including a description of vegetation, will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. A desktop examination indicates that the Hildreth Compressor Station site is predominately mix hardwoods with a portion also cultivated as planted pine which for this area is assumed to be slash pine (Pinus elliottii). Dunnellon Compressor Station The Dunnellon Compressor Station is predominantly mixed hardwood with some areas of open pasture, grasslands. Vegetation observed in the forested community at this location was predominantly oaks with some slash pine, sweetgum, and red maple. The understory in this area was sparse but included common greenbrier, greenbrier, and poison ivy. Reunion Compressor Station The Reunion Compressor Station site includes areas of upland grasslands and forested wetlands. The upland grasslands maintained as pasture is dominated by Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum). The forested canopy within the adjacent wetlands include sweetbay magnolia, slash pine, laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia), red maple, and sweetgum. Subcanopy shrub species include cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto), wax myrtle, and coastal plain willow (Salix caroliniana), primrose willow (Ludwigia peruviana), and dahoon holly (Ilex

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cassine). Herbaceous understory species observed during field studies included common rush, maidencane, pickerelweed, cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea), asiatic coinwort (Centella asiatica), smartweed (Polygonum hydropiperoides), cattail (Typha latifolia), Baldwin’s spikerush (Eleocharis baldwinii), and pennywort (Hydrocotyle umbellata). 3.3.1.3 Access Roads To the extent feasible, existing public and private road crossings along the Project pipeline will be used as the primary means of accessing the Mainline, the Hunters Creek Line, and the Citrus County Line ROWs. Sabal Trail will also use existing public and private roads to the extent possible to access the proposed aboveground facilities. A list of proposed access roads is available in Table 1.5-5 in Resource Report 1. Vegetation effects along access roads are summarized in Table 3.3-1. Some of the roads being evaluated for temporary access to the Mainline, the Hunters Creek Line, and the Citrus County Line ROW during construction are also being evaluated for permanent use as permanent access roads for ongoing operation and maintenance following construction. These roads will be identified and vegetation effects described in this section will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. 3.3.1.4 Pipe Yards and Contractor Ware Yards The locations of pipe/contractor ware yards have not been finalized at this time. In general, Sabal Trail plans to select previously developed industrial sites without existing vegetation for pipe yards and contractor ware yards in order to avoid and minimize effects to vegetative communities. Vegetation at the proposed pipe/contractor ware yards will be provided in Table 3.3-1, and discussed in this section in the final resource report to be filed with the Project Application. 3.3.2 Unique, Sensitive, or Protected Vegetation This section summarizes unique, sensitive and protected vegetation identified to be crossed by the Project. Sabal Trail consulted with federal and state resource agencies to determine if any federally or state listed T&E plant species (including federal and state species of special concern) or their designated communities occur within the Project area. Agencies contacted by Sabal Trail include the USFWS, NOAA-NMFS, ADCNR, ALNHP-Auburn University, GADNR, FNAI, and FWC. Copies of all agency correspondence, including consultation letters, electronic mail, and meeting notes are included in Appendix 1C of Resource Report 1. Federal and state listed plant species identified are included in Table 3.5-1. 3.3.2.1 Alabama One federally threatened plant, little amphianthus, (also known as poolsprite) and two federally endangered plants (relict trillium and American chaffseed) are found in the Project area in Alabama (species are described below in Section 3.5.1). No known special plant communities occur along the Project route in Alabama. 3.3.2.2 Georgia Four federally endangered plants, one federally threatened plant, and two candidate plants for federal listing occur along the Project route according to GADNR. The endangered plants include relict trillium, American chaffseed, Canby’s dropwort, and Cooley’s meadowrue. The threatened species is little amphianthus and the two candidates are Georgia rockcress and white fringeless orchid. In addition, 13 plants with only state T&E status occur along the Project route in Georgia. These plants are croomia, plumleaf azalea, swamp black-eyed susan, whitetop pitcherplant, marl spleenwort, cream-flowered tick trefoil, Michaux orchid, corkwood, crestless plume orchid, Pickering’s morning glory, parrot pitcherplant, odorless bayberry, and solitary beakrush. No special communities were identified within the Project area.

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3.3.2.3 Florida Two federally endangered plants, American chaffseed and Cooley’s meadowrue, occur in Florida and 80 state listed species are also found along the Project route. No natural communities of special concern occur along the Project route. 3.3.3 Non-native Invasive Species Invasive species are species that display rapid growth and spread, becoming established over large areas (USDA, 2014). Most commonly they are exotic species that have been introduced from another part of the United States, another region, or another continent, although native species that exhibit rapid growth and spread are sometimes considered invasive. The USFWS defines invasive species as “organisms that are introduced into a non-native ecosystem and which cause, or are likely to cause, harm to the economy, environment or human health” (USFWS, 2012). Invasive plant species can change or degrade natural vegetation communities, which can reduce the quality of habitat for wildlife and native plant species. Several plant species generally considered being non-native and/or invasive plants in the Northeastern United States occur along the Project pipeline facilities and at aboveground facility sites. These species include Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), Japanese climbing fern (Lygodium japonicum), kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata), Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrical), tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima), chinaberry tree (Melia azedarach), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) and Brazilian pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius). Sabal Trail is developing a Nuisance Species Plan that will be filed with the Project Application. At a minimum, the Sabal Trail Nuisance Species Plan will be designed to prevent the spreading of nuisance species. Based on consultation with ADCNR, GDNR, FDEP, FWC, USFWS, NRCS, and other appropriate agencies and stakeholders, a training program will be developed for the Environmental Inspectors and appropriate contractor personnel. During preconstruction inspections, the EI will identify noxious species present and will survey to quantify the percentages vs. total vegetation of such species within and adjacent to the construction right-of-way. Upon identifying these areas, the location will be marked or flagged and the contractor will be notified so that clearing and grading equipment can be cleaned (i.e. washed, sprayed, compressed air, high pressure steam) before entering a new area. Sabal Trail’s past restoration and mitigation practices have included monitoring of restored construction areas and, when determined necessary, treatment (chemical and/or manual) of localized infestations of noxious weed species. Regulatory agencies typically set limits on area cover for such species as part of the permitting process and require monitoring, reporting, and control following construction to limit the spread of problematic species. Typically, Sabal Trail will monitor for nuisance species during restoration of both upland and wetland areas. If nuisance species appear they will be surveyed for percentage of vegetation and compared to off right-of-way percentages. If nuisance species achieve higher percentages on Sabal Trail’s right-of-way than off right-of-way, eradication by physical and/or species specific spot herbicide application may be warranted. Spot herbicide application will be used if approved by appropriate regulatory agencies. Sabal Trail emphasizes that such applications will be limited to the affected area and that it is not proposing that right-of-way maintenance will be conducted by the application of herbicides. 3.3.4 Vegetation Effects and Mitigation This section summarizes the Sabal Trail Project construction and operation effects to the vegetative cover types. Table 3.3-1 provides the approximate acreages of forested land and non-forested land that would be affected during construction and operation of the Sabal Trail pipelines.

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3.3.4.1 Pipeline Facilities Construction of the Mainline, the Hunters Creek Line, and the Citrus County Line will include temporary and minimal permanent effects to the vegetation cover types described previously in Section 3.3.1. A significant portion of the pipeline facilities will be within or adjacent to existing ROWs and developed corridors. Construction of the pipeline facilities within existing ROWs will limit effects to vegetation by reducing land use change, tree clearing and stump removal activities associated with the construction of the pipelines. The pipeline ROW and temporary workspaces in non-paved areas will be cleared of vegetation prior to construction to provide a safe working area. The limits of clearing will be identified and flagged in the field prior to the start of clearing operations. The cleared width within the ROW and temporary construction workspaces will be kept to a minimum. Where the ROW needs to be cleared for construction, any trees in the ROW will be cut into lengths, chipped on the ROW, or removed to an approved site. In temporary workspaces, tree stumps and rootstock will be left in place wherever possible to facilitate natural revegetation. As described in the Sabal Trail Project E&SCP, Sabal Trail Transmission will install appropriate erosion control measures following initial disturbance of the soil (see Appendix 1B of Resource Report 1). Following construction, the entire ROW will be restored and a 50-foot wide permanent ROW will be maintained. The temporary workspace areas used during construction (other than areas already existing as gravel or pavement), will be seeded and allowed to revegetate, with no further maintenance or disturbance associated with operation of the pipeline. In accordance with the FERC Upland Erosion Control, Revegetation, and Maintenance Plan, Sabal Trail will monitor to determine the post-construction revegetative success for two growing seasons. In accordance with the FERC Procedures and the Project E&SCP, Sabal Trail will conduct post-construction maintenance and monitoring of the ROW in affected wetlands to assess the success of restoration and revegetation. Monitoring efforts will include documenting occurrences of exotic invasive species in wetlands to compare to pre-construction conditions as described in Section 3.3.3. The Sabal Trail pipeline facilities (including construction access and contractor yards) will temporarily affect 4,100.1 acres of forested lands, including uplands and wetlands, during construction and will permanently affect 1,633.08 acres of forested land during operation of the pipeline facilities. Routine maintenance of the ROW is required to allow continued access for routine pipeline patrols, maintaining access in the event of emergency repairs, and visibility during aerial patrols. In upland areas, maintenance of the ROW will involve clearing the entire 50-foot permanent ROW of woody vegetation. As such, the maintained permanent ROWs will be subjected to mowing every three years. This maintenance will result in permanent conversion of some areas of existing upland forested vegetation to herbaceous or scrub-shrub vegetation; however, because Sabal Trail has routed the pipeline facilities to use existing utility ROWs and road corridors to the extent possible, minimal forested vegetation will be affected. To facilitate periodic corrosion surveys, a 10-foot wide strip centered on the pipeline will be mowed annually to maintain herbaceous growth. Sabal Trail does not apply herbicides for general ROW maintenance. Clearing for construction of the pipeline will not result in any permanent effects to wetland vegetation communities located outside of the permanent ROW and other maintenance areas, which will be allowed to revegetate naturally following construction. Refer to Table 2.4-1 of Resource Report 2 for wetlands affected by construction and operation of the Project. Effects on wetlands associated with pipe yards will be discussed in the filing of the resource reports in the Project Application. Routine vegetation management within wetland areas will not be conducted over the full width of the permanent ROW. In wetlands, a 10- foot wide corridor centered on the pipeline will be maintained in an herbaceous state and any trees located within 15 feet of the pipeline that have roots that could compromise the integrity of the pipeline coating

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will be cut and removed from the permanent ROW, in accordance with FERC Procedures. A full description of wetland construction methods and mitigation measures is provided in Sections 2.4.4 and 2.4.5 of Resource Report 2. Note that the wetland vegetation acre totals provided in Table 3.3-1 do not match exactly with the wetland acres totals provided in Table 2.4-1 in Resource Report 2 since NWI data was used in Table 2.4-1 for those portions of the route that had not been surveyed at the time this draft resource report was prepared and other vegetation mapping was used in Table 3.3-1. Common data sets will be used to revise both Table 2.4-1 and 3.3-1 in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. To the extent practicable, existing public and private road crossings along the Sabal Trail pipeline facilities will be used as the primary means of accessing the ROW. In addition, the Sabal Trail pipeline facilities have been sited along or in existing utility ROWs. These established ROWs have existing access roads that can be used during construction of the pipeline facilities. A list of proposed access roads is provided in Table 1.6-5 of Resource Report 1. Sabal Trail will use the existing access roads during construction to the maximum extent practicable, thus minimizing major effects to vegetation communities. The majority of the roads identified by Sabal Trail have existing gravel, asphalt or concrete surfaces and can be used with little or no improvement. In a few locations, upgrades may be required, such as brush removal and tree trimming, to allow safe access along the existing access roads. A full description of access roads required for the Project is provided in Resource Report 8. Sabal Trail will be selecting several locations for pipe yards and contractor ware yards. A list of proposed pipe and contractor ware yards will be provided in Table 1.5-4 of Resource Report 1. These areas will most likely consist of open land, industrial or commercial land and forest clearing is not anticipated to be required to use these sites. Additional maintenance may be required to remove brush, prune trees, and remove other herbaceous vegetation for safe passage of equipment and to prepare a work surface for the storage of pipe and other construction materials. Vegetative effects are anticipated to be minimal due to the existing conditions at these locations. 3.3.4.2 Aboveground Facilities Effects to vegetation at Aboveground Facilities will be discussed in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Temporary effects to vegetation within construction workspaces will be similar to those described above for the pipeline facilities. The temporary workspace areas used during construction will be stabilized, seeded and allowed to revegetate. 3.4 Wildlife Sabal Trail consulted with the USFWS, NOAA-NMFS, ADCNR, ALNHP-Auburn University, GADNR, FNAI, and FWC regarding wildlife effects and significant habitats in the Project area. Copies of all agency correspondence, including consultation letters, electronic mail, and meeting notes are included in Appendix 1C of Resource Report 1. 3.4.1 Existing Resources The Sabal Trail Project traverses terrestrial and wetland habitats that support a diversity of wildlife species. For the purposes of this report, the wildlife habitats along the pipeline facilities are described regionally and are representative of the vegetation community structure and composition of the terrestrial and wetland habitats present within the Project area. The composition, structure, and distribution of the plant community in an area are referred to as the vegetative cover. Existing plant communities as well as aspects of the physical environment (climate, microclimate, hydrology, geology, etc.) will influence the wildlife species that are present in a particular habitat. This section describes the major wildlife habitat types and wildlife species associated with

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vegetative cover types present in the vicinity of the proposed Project (see Section 3.3 for description of plant communities present in the Project area). Table 3.4-1 provides a list of common wildlife species. Dominant wildlife habitat types have been identified along the proposed pipeline route and at aboveground facility sites, based on field surveys, and review of available resource materials. These habitat types include upland forest, open uplands (early successional scrub-shrub and herbaceous vegetation cover), forested wetlands, scrub-shrub wetlands, emergent wetlands, urban, and open water habitats. Wetland habitat types are further described in Section 2.4.1 of Resource Report 2. Upland Forest Upland forests are found throughout the Project area and mostly occur along existing rights-of way. Upland forested habitats are dominated by oaks, loblolly pine, and maples. These forests provide year-round food resources, cover, and nesting habitat for a variety of wildlife species. Mast-producing oaks generate an abundance of seeds and nuts, which are exploited by a diverse group of forest species. Even in relatively developed and urbanized areas, forested patches may be inhabited by a number of wildlife species. Large wildlife species such as the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) use these forested habitats for food and cover. Small mammals capitalize on the availability of the numerous nest cavities in the form of snags and felled logs. They include such species as the opossum (Didelphis virginiana), gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), and raccoon (Procyon lotor). The abundant small mammal population in this forest habitat type provides prey for owls and hawks. A variety of songbirds, including species of Neotropical migrants and resident species, use hardwood oak habitat type for all or parts of their life cycle. Many Neotropical migrants feed on the numerous insects occurring within the forest canopy. Breeding birds use a range of different nest sites, with some species nesting on the forest floor, some in the understory vegetation, and some in the tree canopy. Characteristic resident bird species in oak forests include red-bellied woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) and wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). Typical migratory species might include great crested flycatcher (Myiarcus crinatus) and wood thrush (Hylocichla mustellia). Open uplands The early successional habitat types in the Project area include successional scrub-shrub areas, fields, and disturbed and/or maintained areas such as existing utility ROWs or other open space areas. Open uplands occur often throughout the Sabal Trail pipeline route. Early successional and grassland habitats are attractive to many wildlife species. Species such as Eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) frequently prefer shrubby, overgrown open habitats. Other early successional and grassy areas offer habitat for ground-nesting birds such as Eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna), killdeer (Charadrius vociferus), and song sparrow (Melospiza melodia). Edge habitats adjacent to open space areas can create another type of habitat that is used by a distinct group of species. Examples of species that are often found along edges include the white-tailed deer, wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), coyote (Canis latrans), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and eastern cottontail. Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina) travel between forest, forest edge, and open habitats. Bird species that are forest edge specialists, such as blue-winged warbler (Vermivora pinus), field sparrow (Spizella pusilla), rufous-sided towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus), and prairie warbler (Dendroica discolor) are often present where the upland fields border forested areas and along utility ROWs. Corridors and edges are also used by hunting raptors, such as red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), American kestrels (Falco sparverius) and sharp-shinned hawks (Accipiter striatus), which feed on small mammals and birds.

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Forested Wetlands Forested wetlands have a diverse assemblage of plant species and provide important food, shelter, migratory and overwintering areas, and breeding areas. Typical aquatic and wetland wildlife in forest and shrub swamps include the white-tailed deer, raccoon, river otter (Lutra canadensis), cotton mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus), white ibis (Eudocimus albus) and glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus), wood duck (Aix sponsa), prothonotary warbler (Protonotaria citrea), wild turkey, lesser siren (Siren intermedia), mud snake (Farancia abacura), and cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus). Scrub-shrub wetlands Scrub-shrub wetland habitats are typically not as structurally diverse as forested wetlands. They contain vegetation that is characteristically low and compact. Under normal conditions the vegetative structure is usually caused by surface water inundation for extended periods of time. Scrub-shrub wetlands can also be maintained by periodic maintenance (such as along existing ROWs) that removes larger trees. The plant species in a scrub-shrub wetland offer excellent nesting sites for birds. Common species include red- winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), Pickerel frog (Rana palustris), and spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer). Emergent wetlands Freshwater emergent wetlands include wet meadows and emergent marshes characterized by a variety of grasses, sedges and rushes. They are often associated with areas containing standing water for extended periods of time. Common species of birds associated with emergent wetlands include red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), killdeer (Charadrius vociferus), and common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula). Common mammals associated with this habitat type include star-nosed mole (Condylura cristata), mink, raccoon, and muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus). White-tailed deer capitalize on the abundance of grasses and forbs. A large variety of amphibians and reptiles is also commonly found within these areas such as bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana), common snapping turtle (Chelydra s. serpentina), painted turtle (Chrysemys picta), and pickerel frog. Urban Urban environments are characterized by a low diversity of wildlife species that are tolerant of human development and activity. Common bird species in cities and residential areas include European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), house sparrows (Passer domesticus), rock pigeons (Columba livia), mourning doves (Zenaidura macroura), and Northern mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos). The Sabal Trail pipeline is not located in heavily urbanized areas, but some urban environments do occur within the project vicinity. 3.4.2 Wildlife Effects and Mitigation Construction of the Sabal Trail pipeline will affect approximately 2,153.86 acres of upland forest, 1,509.33 acres of pine plantation, and approximately 971.95 acres of open upland habitat (see Table 3.3-1). Construction will also temporarily affect 634.42 acres of wetland, which includes 436.33 acres of forested wetland vegetation that will be permanently affected by routine vegetation maintenance during operation of the pipeline facilities. The majority of the pipeline facilities are located within or adjacent to an existing utility ROW. These existing ROWs are routinely maintained as part of regular facility operations to control vegetative growth, thus establishing shrub and/or open field habitat types. Many species of resident and migratory wildlife in the Project area use these existing utility corridors as preferred habitat. Temporary wildlife effects are those associated with disturbance to habitats during construction, while permanent effects are those associated with conversion of forested habitats to scrub-shrub and emergent habitats, resulting from periodic maintenance of the permanent ROW. Indirect wildlife effects associated with construction noise and increased activity should be temporary and could include abandoned

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reproductive efforts, displacement, and avoidance of work areas. Direct mortality to small mammals, reptiles and amphibians that are less mobile could occur during clearing and grading operations. Because the Sabal Trail pipeline route is located primarily along existing ROWs, effects to forested habitat have been minimized. The forested areas adjacent to collocated ROWs that are present along the pipeline route already exist as edge habitat, not interior forested habitat. Therefore, although some conversion of forested vegetation will occur, effects on habitat for forest-dwelling wildlife will be minimal. Conversion of forested habitats has the potential to reduce the area of habitat available for woodland amphibians such as the spotted salamander and wood frog; however, this effect is expected to be minimal, given the relatively small amount of forested vegetation that will be affected. Construction activities within wetland habitats will temporarily affect wildlife utilizing the area. Disturbances to wetland-dependent wildlife will be similar to those described for terrestrial wildlife species. The alteration and conversion of habitat will displace some species which prefer forested wetlands. Existing nest sites and burrows along stream banks could also be disturbed. Some individuals may relocate to similar forested wetland habitat beyond the limits of work; however, a small overall reduction in carrying capacity for forest dwelling species is expected. In accordance with the FERC’s Plan, in the terrestrial upland areas along the ROW, vegetative maintenance will occur no more than once every three years. However, a swath centered over the pipeline up to 10 feet wide may be mowed annually for maintenance and inspection purposes. To avoid effects to ground nesting birds, maintenance clearing will not be scheduled between April 15 and August 1. In wetlands, vegetation maintenance over the full width of the permanent ROW is prohibited. However, to facilitate periodic pipeline corrosion/leak surveys, a corridor centered on the pipeline up to 10 feet wide may be maintained annually in an herbaceous state. In addition, trees that are greater than 15 feet in height and located within 15 feet on either side of the pipeline may be selectively cut and removed from the ROW. Trees and shrubs that become reestablished beyond 15 feet on either side of the pipeline will not be disturbed. Vegetation maintenance practices on the construction ROW adjacent to waterbodies will consist of maintaining a riparian strip within 25 feet of the stream as measured from the mean high water mark. This riparian area will be allowed to permanently revegetate with native woody plant species across the entire ROW. However, as in wetland areas, a corridor centered on the pipeline up to 10 feet wide may be maintained in an herbaceous state and trees and shrubs greater than 15 feet in height may be selectively cut within 15 feet on either side of the pipeline. Regionally, maintained utility ROWs can provide early successional habitats for several important game species including white-tailed deer and wild turkey. The permanent ROW proposed for the Sabal Trail pipeline will be 50 feet wide. ROW corridors may function as travel corridors for some generalist species and provide edge habitat along large forested areas. ROWs revegetated with herbaceous and shrub cover will provide food, cover and breeding habitat for those species that utilize open habitats. In an effort to minimize permanent effects to wildlife and promote the rapid stabilization and revegetation of the disturbed areas, Sabal Trail will comply with the FERC’s Plan and Procedures thereby minimizing disturbance to vegetation and providing for stabilization of affected areas to mitigate direct and indirect effects to wildlife. Revegetation will be completed in accordance with permit requirements and in consultation with agency and non-agency stakeholders affected by the Project. Following construction, stabilization, and establishment of vegetative cover, temporarily disturbed areas will be left to revegetate via natural succession. There will be minimal permanent loss of trees that will occur within the ROW, which will be maintained in an early successional stage by mowing and periodic tree removal. Temporary workspaces will be allowed to naturally revegetate via natural succession. This natural revegetation process will gradually develop a stratified vegetative cover between the ROW and adjacent habitats. Overall, construction and operation of the pipeline facilities is not expected to adversely

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affect the distribution or regional abundance of wildlife species given the amount and distribution of similar habitat types available in the immediate Project area. 3.4.3 Significant or Sensitive Wildlife Habitat This section identifies and describes the significant or sensitive wildlife habitats within the Sabal Trail Project area. Significant or sensitive wildlife habitats include vernal pool habitat, wildlife management and refuge areas, or other known wildlife resources not specific to T&E species. T&E wildlife species and their habitats are described in Section 3.5. Resource Report 8 provides a detail discussion of Federal, State, Recreational, and Conservation Lands crossed or located with 0.25 mile of the Sabal Trail Project. No National Park Service Wilderness Areas, National Wild and Scenic Rivers, National Forests, or USFWS conservation easements or management areas are crossed by the Project. The Project does cross the Walter F. George Lake at the Alabama/Georgia state line between Russell County, Alabama and Stewart County, Georgia. The lake was created by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers on the Chattahoochee River. Public use of Walter F. George Lake is primarily outdoor recreation not conservation. The open water portion of the Chattahoochee River at this location will be crossed via the HDD method avoiding effects to the aquatic environment. No public or private conservation lands are crossed in Alabama or within 0.25 mile of the Project. Several public or private conservation lands, including State of Florida Wildlife Management Areas, are crossed by the Project. Primary purposes of these lands include ecosystem restoration and promotion or sustainment of biodiversity. Sabal Trail is working with each land owner and/or manager to minimize effects to vegetation and the wildlife habitats. Species specific surveys, where appropriate habitat has been identified, will be conducted throughout 2014 on these properties during the proper time of year for the species of interest. An update of species specific survey results for these properties and negotiations with the land owners and/or managers will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. 3.5 Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species The Endangered Species Act (“ESA”) of 1973 (16 United States Code A-1535-1543, P.L. 93-205) protects federally listed T&E species. The ESA states that T&E plant and animal species are of aesthetic, ecological, educational, historic, and scientific value to the U.S. and protection of these species and their habitats is required. The ESA protects fish, wildlife, plants, and invertebrates that are federally listed as T&E. A federally-listed endangered species is one that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. A federally-listed threatened species is likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range. The USFWS, which is responsible for terrestrial and freshwater species, and NMFS, which is responsible for marine species, jointly administer the law. Protection is also afforded under the ESA to “critical habitat,” which the USFWS defines as specific areas both within and outside the geographic area occupied by a species on which are found those physical and biological features essential to its conservation. In addition to federal law, Georgia and Florida have passed laws to protect state T&E species. Alabama currently does not have state laws pertaining to T&E species. The state-specific regulations are as follows:  Georgia Title 27. Game and Fish Chapter 3. Wildlife Generally Article 5. Protection of Endangered Wildlife. GA ST §§ 27-3-130 to 133.  Florida Title XXVIII. Natural Resources; Conservation, Reclamation, and Use (Chapters 369-380). Chapter 379. Fish and Wildlife Conservation. Part I. General Provisions. FL ST § 379.2291 - 379.231 (formerly FL ST § 372.072 - 074).  Although Alabama does not have a state threatened and endangered species act, other state regulations protect sensitive species. Animals designated as “State Protected” (“SP”) may be

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protected under: Regulation 220-2-.92 (Nongame Species Regulation), 220-2-.98 (Invertebrate Species Regulation), 220-2-.26(4) (Protection of Sturgeon), 220-2-.94 (Prohibition of Taking or Possessing Paddlefish), or 220-2-.97 (Alligator Protection Regulation). Species designated as “Partial Status Mussels” (“PSM”) are protected from commercial harvest under regulation 220-2- .104. The overall goal of each of the state endangered species laws is to conserve, protect, restore and enhance any T&E species and their essential habitat. Sabal Trail consulted with USFWS, NOAA-NMFS, ADCNR, ALNHP-Auburn University, GADNR, FNAI, and FWC to determine if any federally listed or state-listed T&E species (including federal candidate and/or federal and state species of special concern) or their designated critical habitats occur within the Sabal Trail Project area. Copies of all agency correspondence, including consultation letters, electronic mail, and meeting notes are included in Appendix 1C of Resource Report 1. Prior to commencing field studies, Sabal Trail reviewed the USFWS Information, Planning, and Conservation System and requested known federal or state species records within the Project area from the USFWS, NOAA-NMFS, ADCNR, ALNHP-Auburn University, GADNR, FNAI, and FWC to compile a comprehensive list of protected species. Scientists familiar with the Project area reviewed the information received from the agencies and developed a list of protected species that could potentially occur within the study area. This list is provided as Table 3.5-1. Sabal Trail created a proposed Comprehensive Listed Species Protocol document that identified which species would have species specific surveys conducted and the methodologies that would be used to determine their presence and usage within the Project area. The Comprehensive Listed Species Protocol is provided as Appendix 3-A. The USFWS, GADNR, FWC, and ADCNR have approved the use of the Comprehensive Listed Species Protocol. 3.5.1 Existing Resources, Effects, and Mitigation 3.5.1.1 Federally-listed Species Project Mainline Oval pigtoe (Pleurobema pyriforme) The oval pigtoe is a small mussel, chestnut in color, with a smooth surface that has distinct growth lines (FNAI, 2001a). This federally and state listed (Georgia and Florida) endangered species is found in mid- sized rivers and small creeks. It is one of seven other endangered mussels mentioned in a USFWS recovery plan (USFWS, 2003a). This mussel is in decline due to habitat loss and the establishment of the invasive Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea). Pesticides and chemical pollutants also threaten mussels since they are filter feeders (FWC 2014a). The oval pigtoe is listed as endangered under the federal ESA, as a PSM in Alabama, and as endangered in Georgia and Florida. Suitable habitat may be present in the Project area and the proposed pipeline does cross designated critical habitat in the Lower Flint River (USFWS, 2007a). ADCNR and GADNR records indicate that individuals were historically present within three miles of the Project area, so there is a possibility of this species occurring in the Project vicinity. The Lower Flint River is currently proposed to be crossed by HDD. Therefore aquatic surveys at this crossing are not proposed. It is still being determined, through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies, where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. If and where required, surveys will be conducted between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. If surveys are needed, mussel sampling techniques will follow the Freshwater Mussel Survey Protocol (Protocol) developed by USFWS and the Georgia Department of Transportation specifically for the drainages crossed by the Project route throughout Florida, Georgia, and eastern Alabama (Carlson et al. 2008). This Protocol was written for the expressed purpose of determining presence/absence of protected species. The guidelines prescribed by the Protocol are specific yet flexible, particularly with respect to

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seasonality and size of the survey area. Coordination with USFWS will occur prior to each survey to determine exactly how the Protocol can be best adapted to a specific crossing. The Protocol defines the extent of the survey area as the Prescribed Search Area (“PSA”) and offers different PSAs for wadeable and nonwadeable systems. The goal of the PSA is to encompass a range of mussel habitats, as well as contain the cumulative effects, both upstream and downstream, of the proposed activity. For these reasons, the exact limits of the PSA need to be decided during coordination with USFWS on a site-specific basis. The standard PSA for wadeable streams is 100 meters upstream and 300 meters downstream from the proposed effect area. The Protocol does not specify a PSA for nonwadeable streams, other than to direct the surveyor to USFWS for case-by-case review. Nonwadeable PSAs are generally expected to encompass more area to accommodate a larger water body. Previous surveys have been performed in nonwadeable waters with PSAs as short as 46 meters and as long as 2,500 meters. Given the nature of HDD, no in-water work is proposed unless there is an unanticipated frac-out. If a frac-out occurs the HDD contingency plan would be implemented which would include consultation with the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers and the USFWS prior to additional work being conducted. It is possible that PSAs (both wadeable and nonwadeable) may be shorter than standard lengths. This will be decided on a site-specific basis during coordination with USFWS. The Protocol defines an appropriate survey window as the end of April through the end of October; although, it qualifies this timeframe as flexible based on climatic conditions and reproductive behavior of target species. Sabal Trail proposes to perform all survey work during this timeframe and will coordinate with USFWS as early as possible if conditions prevent sampling during this timeframe. Survey timing will also take into account the present and antecedent hydrologic conditions of the waterbody. When available, surveyors will consult with USGS stream monitoring gauges to determine whether the stage and flow are indicative of a stable regime. Surveys will only be scheduled during periods when flow measures within the 25th - 75th percentiles. All mussel surveys will be qualitative (i.e., presence/absence) unless otherwise directed by USFWS. Should USFWS require a quantitative survey, a study design will be drafted and proposed based on the specifics of the crossing. Surveys will be conducted via tactile and visual means and will be aided by snorkeling in shallower areas (< 1 meter depth) and SCUBA diving in deeper habitats. Survey efforts will begin at the downstream-most end of the PSA and gradually progress upstream at a pace that allows all productive habitats to be adequately inspected. Within smaller wadeable creeks, natural landmarks such as vegetation or bank characteristics will be used to keep track of surveyed area to ensure that the PSA is thoroughly inspected. For larger systems, dive chains may be used to compartmentalize sampling blocks to achieve the same goal. All mussel surveys will be conducted in the presence of staff having a section 10(a)(1)(A) recovery permit, as well as applicable state scientific collecting permits. All native Unionids collected will be gathered in mesh bags and periodically sorted and enumerated by species. Survey times will be recorded and Catch-Per-Unit-Effort will be calculated and reported for each species. Shell length will also be recorded to the nearest mm for all state and/or federally listed species. Non-listed mussels will be broadcast to the general area from which they were collected following data collection. Listed species will be carefully rebedded near their point of extraction with posterior end oriented up. Tagging of mussels is not proposed at this time, since tagging can be considered a form of ‘take’: however, vinyl glue and/or Passive Inductive Transponder tags will be affixed to mussels, if requested by the USFWS. Sub-meter accuracy GPS points will be collected at the upstream and downstream termini of the PSA, as well as at each location where a listed individual, or cluster of listed individuals, is found. Representative photographs of each species will be collected, as well as photos of general habitat conditions within the

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PSA. Physiochemical data (pH, conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen) will be measured using properly calibrated YSI multi-parameter sondes. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Fine-lined pocketbook (Lampsilis altilis) The fine-lined pocketbook is a medium sized mussel with an oval shaped shell. It is the only mussel in its range with fine dark rays on the outside of its shell (Georgia Museum of Natural History 2008a). There are few population trend data on the fine-lined pocketbook, though currently it is found in six drainages in the Mobile River Basin (USFWS, 2000). Suitable habitat may be present in the Project area but, the proposed line does not any cross designated critical habitat. The fine-lined pocketbook is listed as a federally threatened species, a PSM in Alabama, and as endangered in Georgia. It has no state status in Florida. No records exist of historic presence of this species exists within three miles of the Mainline route. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Upland combshell (Epioblasma metastriata) A mussel with a yellow-brown shell color, the upland combshell is found in medium sized rivers and streams. Little is known regarding the current range of the upland combshell, and it has not been located since being listed under the ESA (USFWS, 2000). This mussel is listed as a federally endangered species, and is protected under Alabama regulation as a partial status mussel (“PSM”), and under state endangered species laws in Georgia. No records exist of historic presence of this species within three miles of the Mainline Route. Suitable habitat may be present in the Project area but, the Mainline Route does not cross any designated critical habitat. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will be scheduled between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Ovate clubshell (Pleurobema perovatum) The ovate clubshell is small, less than 50 mm in length, with a yellow to dark brown outer shell that may be marked with green rays. Very little is known about the natural history of this species, but it is believed to be similar to other freshwater mussels (Georgia Museum of Natural History, 2008b). Populations are small and typically found in sand/ gravel shoals (USFWS, 2000). The ovate clubshell is federally listed under the ESA as endangered, listed in Alabama as a PSM, and protected under the Georgia state T&E species laws. The ovate clubshell is not listed by Florida. Suitable habitat may be present in the Project area where the pipeline crosses the Chattahoochee River and the Flint River, but no designated critical habitat exists in the Project area. No records exist of historic presence of this species exists within three miles of the Mainline route.

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It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Southern clubshell (Pleurobema decisum) The southern clubshell is a thick-shelled mussel that is found in a wide variety of microhabitats such as stream riffles and along banks. It is commonly found in gravel and sand substrate at depths less than one meter. It may also be found in rivers with moderate to high flow rate (Auburn University 2003a). Historically the southern clubshell was abundant in many major streams associated with the Mobile River Basin in Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi (Auburn University, 2003a). Recent surveys indicate that there may only be six viable populations in its range (Georgia Museum of Natural History, 2008c). The southern clubshell is federally listed under the ESA as endangered, listed in Alabama as a PSM, and protected under the Georgia state T&E species laws. The southern clubshell is not listed in Florida. Suitable habitat may be present in the Project area where the Mainline Route crosses the Chattahoochee River and the Flint River, but no designated critical habitat exists in the Project area. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Southern pigtoe (Pleurobema georgianum) The southern pigtoe was listed as endangered in 1993 and currently exists only in small populations in the southeastern US. Habitat loss, sedimentation, loss of water quality, agricultural runoff, and recreational activities contributed to the listing of this mussel under the ESA. The USFWS recovery plan for the Mobile Basin states that down listing to threatened for this mussel is unlikely, and protection is necessary to prevent it from extinction (USFWS, 2000). Within the Project area this mussel is only found in Tallapoosa County streams with moderate flow and sand-gravel substrates. It is endemic to the Coosa river basin and occurrences are extremely rare (Auburn University, 2003b). The southern pigtoe is federally listed under the ESA as endangered, listed in Alabama as a PSM, and protected under the Georgia state T&E species laws. The southern pigtoe is listed protected in Florida. Suitable habitat may be present in the Project area where the Mainline Route crosses the Chattahoochee River and the Flint River, but no designated critical habitat exists in the Project area. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application.

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Purple bankclimber (Elliptoideus sloatianus) The purple bankclimber is a large and thick shelled mussel found in small and moderately sized rivers with sand or mixed gravel substrate and it is endemic to the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (“ACF”) river basin. The shell is heavy with pronounced lateral ridges (Auburn University, 2003c). Similar to other freshwater mussels, purple bankclimber is a filter feeder, and may be harmed by pollutants in the water (USFWS, 2014a). The purple bankclimber was listed as threatened under the federal ESA in 1998 (USFWS, 1998). It is protected in Alabama as a PSM (ALNHP, 2013) and listed on the Georgia T&E list as threatened (GADNR, 2010). The purple bankclimber is found in Florida and protected as an endangered species (FWC, 2013a). USFWS surveys from 2003-2006 indicate that the purple bankclimber is rare, but stable populations do exist in the Ochlockonee and Flint Rivers (USFWS, 2007a). Within the Project area this mussel could be found in the Flint River and any associated tributaries. Critical Habitat is located within the Project area where the Mainline Route crosses the Flint River (USFWS, 2014b) and this location is proposed for crossing by the HDD method. GADNR records indicate that this species was historically found in locations within three miles of the Mainline Route. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Shinyrayed pocketbook (Lampsilis subangulata) The shinyrayed pocketbook is a medium sized mussel found in small creeks and clean moderately sized rivers with sand substrate. The shell is thin and the surface is yellow-brown in color with distinctive green rays that extend over the length of the shell. Specific foraging habits are unknown, but are believed to be similar to other filter feeding mussels (USFWS, 2014c). The shinyrayed pocketbook was listed as threatened under the federal ESA in 1998. It is protected in Alabama as a SP mussel and listed on the Georgia T&E list as Endangered. The shinyrayed pocketbook is also found in Florida and protected as an endangered species (FWC, 2013a). The historic range of the Shinyrayed pocketbook included wide distribution in streams associated with the ACF river basin. Currently, this species is reported as extirpated from the Chattahoochee River main stem and many tributaries of the Chattahoochee. Several streams associated with the Flint River may have also lost populations of the shinyrayed pocketbook. In Alabama, this mussel may be found in Uchee creek and Sawhatchee Creek. In general, the shinyrayed pocketbook may have populations in as many as seven different watersheds (USFWS, 2014c). Within the Project area this mussel could be found in Uchee Creek in Alabama. Critical Habitat is located within the Project area where the proposed pipeline crosses Uchee Creek (USFWS, 2014b) which is proposed for crossing by the HDD method. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application.

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Gulf moccasinshell (Medionidus penicillatus) The Gulf moccasinshell is a small mussel found in small creeks and rivers with gravel and silt substrates (USFWS, 2014d). This mussel has an oval shaped shell, green-brown in color, with green rays. Little is known about the life history or ecology of the Gulf moccasinshell, but it may be similar to other freshwater mussels in the same habitat (FWC, 2014b). Potential threats to populations include impoundments in waterways, invasive Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea), and chemical pollutants (USFWS, 2014d). The Gulf moccasinshell was listed as threatened in 1998 under the federal ESA. It is protected in Alabama as a PSM and listed on the Georgia T&E list as Endangered. The Gulf moccasinshell is also found in Florida and protected as a federally endangered species (FWC, 2013a). Historic range of the Gulf moccasinshell included the ACF River basin and associated river systems. The mussel is extirpated from the Chattahoochee mainstem; however, over 23 populations once existed in this system (Brim Box and Williams 2000). Within the Project area this mussel is only found in the Flint River mainstem. Critical Habitat is located within the Project area where the proposed pipeline crosses the Flint River (USFWS, 2014b). This crossing is proposed to be conducted using the HDD method. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Fat three-ridge (Amblema neislerii) The fat three-ridge is a medium-large mussel that can reach a length of 102 mm. The shell is dark brown to black in color with seven to nine very conspicuous parallel ridges that are square in shape (FNAI, 2001b). Substrate associated with this mussel includes gravel, cobble, sand, and mud, and in a study by Brim Box and Williams (2000), 60 percent of individuals were found on sand-silt substrate. Potential threats include habitat loss, pollution, and the introduction of nonnative species. The fat three-ridge was listed as endangered under the federal ESA in 1998 (USFWS, 1998). It is not protected in Alabama and has never been recorded in the Chattahoochee River. It is listed on the Georgia state T&E list as Endangered (GADNR, 2010) and protected in Florida under the federal ESA (FWC, 2013A). The historic range of the fat three-ridge included mainstems of the Flint, Apalachicola, and Chipola Rivers in southwest Georgia and northern Florida. As of 2003, the fat three-ridge is believed to be extirpated from the Flint River and thus may not be present in Georgia. The most robust remaining populations of fat three-ridge may be in the Chipola River (USFWS, 2014e). Given that this mussel may be extirpated from Georgia, it is unlikely to be found within the Project area: however, designated critical habitat is located within the Project area where the proposed pipeline crosses the Flint River (USFWS 2014b) which is proposed to be crossed using the HDD. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application.

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Ochlockonee moccasinshell (Medionidus simpsonianus) The Ochlockonee moccasinshell is a small mussel with an oval shaped shell that is light brown in color with dark green rays. It is typically found in creeks and mid-sized rivers that have gravel or sandy substrates (FNAI, 2001c). The Ochlocknee moccasinshell was listed as threatened under the federal ESA in 1998 (USFWS, 1998) and in 2003 the USFWS drafted a recovery plan (USFWS, 2007a). It is not protected in Alabama and is only found in southwest Georgia and northern Florida. It is listed on the Georgia state T&E list as Endangered (GADNR, 2010) and protected in Florida under the federal ESA (FWC, 2013a). The historic range of the Ochlocknee moccasinshell included the mainstem of the Ochlockonee River, where it was quite common. Currently, this mussel is only found in a short reach of the Ochlockonee River which is proposed to be crossed by the HDD method. Although designated critical habitat does border a county associated with the pipeline, Colquitt County in southern Georgia, the Mainline Route does not come within three miles of the critical habitat for this species (USFWS, 2014b). It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Tulotoma Snail (Tulotoma magnifica) The tulotoma snail is native to the Coosa and Alabama River systems in Alabama. In 1990, it was listed as federally threatened because its numbers had declined, presumably due to impoundments submerging much of the shoals on which they had previously existed. It is thought that the most significant decline came from the impoundment of the Coosa and Alabama rivers. The snail has a globular, golfball-sized shell that is ornate with spirals of protuberant knobs. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Alabama shad (Alosa alabamae) The Alabama shad is a silvery fish 12-18 in. long with a greenish-blue back and a dark margin around the caudal fin. The distinguishing feature is a notch that is in the upper jaw. They have 55-60 lateral scales and 15-17 rays in the dorsal fin (ADCNR, 2013). This species is anadromous. Adults live in salt water but migrate upstream in order to spawn (usually occurs in April). Dams have limited its distribution and now it mostly occurs only within the Choctawhatchee River system (ADCNR, 2013). The Alabama shad is listed as a candidate species under the ESA, a state protected species in Alabama, and listed as threatened in Georgia. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys are scheduled between April 1 and October 31, 2014 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the crystal darter.

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An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Squirrel Chimney Cave shrimp (Palaemonetes cummingi) The Squirrel Chimney Cave shrimp is a small (3.3 cm) colorless shrimp endemic to the Squirrel Chimney sinkhole in Alachua County Florida. Information regarding the ecology, life history, and feeding habits of the shrimp are limited and it is not a well-studied species (FWC, 2014d). No more than a dozen individuals have been recorded at the surface of the sinkhole, but more may exist at deeper locations. The cave system is very sensitive and potential agents that may harm the habitat quality include septic tank drainage storm water runoff, chemical pollutants, and sediment deposition. The sinkhole is located on private land and is protected from trespassers (USFWS, 2014i). The Squirrel Chimney Cave shrimp is a federally threatened species (listed in 1990) that is also a threatened species in Florida. As of March 2014, no critical habitat rules have been published. Consultations with FNAI indicate that this species is not located within the Project vicinity and its limited distribution means that Project personnel are unlikely to encounter it. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Highlands tiger beetle (Cicindela highlandensis) The highlands tiger beetle has a typical tiger beetle form: large head, eyes, and jaws and a narrower neck, with elongated outer wings. It is a fast running predator that only flies for short distances as it is a weak flier. This is one of the smallest tiger beetles at 12 mm. The body is black with greenish-blue reflections and the abdomen is reddish below. The highlands tiger beetle is found in open, sandy, well drained scrub habitat and requires interconnected patches of bare sand. Adults are observable in May-August and larvae develop underground for the majority of the year. It is only found on the Lake Wales Ridge in central Florida and most of its historic habitat has been destroyed by conversion into citrus groves and development sites (FNAI, 2001f). The highlands tiger beetle is a candidate species for federal listing, but it is not listed in Florida. As of March 2014, no critical habitat rules have been published. Consultations with FNAI indicate that this species is not located within the Project vicinity and its limited distribution means Project personnel are unlikely to encounter it. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) The Gulf sturgeon is an anadromous fish that migrates from marine salt water into large coastal rivers to spawn. The majority of its life is spent in freshwater (USFWS, 1995). Gulf sturgeons have a sub-cylindrical body imbedded with bony plates or scutes. The snout is greatly extended and bladelike with four barbels in front of the mouth, which is protractile on the lower surface of the head. The upper lobe of the tail is longer than the lower lobe. Gulf sturgeons are light brown to dark brown in color, and pale underneath (USFWS, 2014g). Historically, gulf sturgeon occurred in most major rivers from the Mississippi River to the Suwanee River, marine waters of the central and eastern Gulf of Mexico to the Florida Bay (USFWS, 1995). Gulf sturgeon recovery is a priority for the Panama City Field Office of the USFWS, and biologists there are actively monitoring the population, protecting habitat, and keeping track of life history statistics.

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The Gulf sturgeon is federally listed as threatened. The NMFS and USFWS share federal jurisdiction over the administration of the gulf sturgeon. The NMFS reviews projects potentially affecting the gulf sturgeon in marine waters and the USFWS oversees projects occurring in gulf sturgeon estuarine or freshwater habitats. In Alabama, it is a SP species and listed in Florida as a species of special concern. It is not listed in Georgia. The Project will cross designated critical habitat for Gulf sturgeon at the Suwanee River and Withlacoochee River in Florida, both of which are proposed to be crossed using the HDD method. Consultations with the ADCNR and FNAI indicate that Gulf sturgeons are located within three miles of the Project area. The NMFS concurred on January 28, 2014 that the Project’s crossings of the Suwanee and Withlacoochee River were not under its purview (Livergood, 2014). Given that Sabal Trail proposes to cross the critical habitats and only known habitats within the Project workspaces for Gulf sturgeon using the HDD method, it is believed the Project will “not likely effect” the Gulf sturgeon. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Striped newt (Notophthalmus perstriatus) The striped newt is small amphibian (61-99 mm) found in northern Florida and southeast Georgia. Juveniles and adults have an olive to dark brown back with a prominent dull to bright red stripe on each side of the back that runs from the head to the tail. The stripe is typically solid until it reaches the tail where it may appear broken. The belly is yellow or orange color with black spots (UGA, 2014). Larvae are aquatic and have conspicuous external gills between the eyes and front legs. Larvae also have a darker body color and the dorsal lines are broken into segments rather than the continuous lines seen in adults. The striped newt produces a toxin that while only an irritant to humans, can be fatal to small predators. This species requires shallow, clean water with emergent vegetation and depends on ephemeral pools and ponds that lack fish predators (Dodd, 1993). Terrestrial juveniles and adults may be present year round, but aquatic juveniles are typically only observed between March and December (FNAI, 2001e). Populations of this species have declined throughout its range due to habitat destruction and fragmentation, and density of individuals per population may be high or low depending on the location. Although the current range is likely similar to the historic range, habitat is presently more disjunct (NatureServe, 2013). The striped newt also depends on periodic fires to reduce canopy cover and forest floor litter, but the increasing presence of fire tolerant vegetation in Florida is harming striped newt habitat. In 2011 this species was officially petitioned for listing and it is currently a federal candidate species for listing under the ESA (USFWS, 2011a). This species is only found in Georgia and Florida and within the Project area it has the potential to occur in Lowndes County, GA. This species is listed in Georgia as threatened (GADNR, 2010), but it has no state status in Florida. Consultations with the GADNR and ADCNR indicate that no striped newts are located within three miles of the Project area. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if surveys for this species will be necessary. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Frosted flatwoods salamander (Ambystoma cingulatum) Frosted flatwoods salamanders are medium sized ambystomids that can achieve lengths of up to five inches. The heads are relatively small while the tail is long and flat. Adults are black with fine gray or white lines on their back and sides which form a reticulum or netlike pattern; with lines often fainter on top of the back. The larvae are dark brown on top, pale brown underneath, and have a yellow stripe that run the length of the body. The larvae also have broad heads and bushy external gills (ADCNR, 2014). Flatwoods salamanders are considered a solitary species. They live alone in underground root channels or crayfish burrows that are located in seasonally wet flatwoods and pine savannas in the southern United States. They

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can also be found under logs near small cypress ponds (Seely, 2000). Flatwoods salamanders only emerge from their solitary environment in October and November during periods of heavy rain. They migrate to breeding sites, including ephemeral marshes and ponds with grassy areas, where courting takes place prior to inundation. Breeding sites are typically located at or near pine flatwoods that support longleaf pine, slash pine, and wiregrass (Seely, 2000). Females can lay groups of one to 35 eggs at the base of bushes and in clumps of small grasses (ADCNR, 2014). Eggs hatch in December and January. Hatchlings feed on invertebrates and zooplankton and it usually takes three months for metamorphosis to occur (Seely, 2000). The frosted flatwoods salamander is federally listed as threatened and listed as threatened in Georgia and Florida. The USFWS has designated critical habitat for the frosted flatwoods salamander (USFWS, 2009), but the mainline Project route does not cross any critical habitat. Consultations with GADNR and FNAI indicate that this salamander may be present in the Project vicinity. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if surveys for this species will be necessary. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) The alligator snapping turtle is the largest freshwater turtle in North America with males reaching lengths of 2.5 ft. (80 cm) and weights near 200 lbs. Their heads are very large with hooked beaks and a worm-like tongue used to attract prey. The dark brown carapace is very distinctive with three keels that make it easy to distinguish this species from the common snapping turtle. Alligator snapping turtles have a varied diet that includes vegetation, snakes, fish, and small alligators (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013). Alligator snapping turtles are highly aquatic and rarely leave the water except to nest, and most turtles that venture onto land are female. They are found in rivers and streams that drain into the Gulf of Mexico and can be found as far North as Iowa. Since they mature slowly and have low reproduction rates, populations can take decades to recover from disturbance. In most parts of their range alligator snapping turtles are a protected species (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, 2013). The alligator snapping turtle is a candidate species under the ESA, listed as state protected in Alabama, threatened in Georgia, and a species of special concern in Florida. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) The gopher tortoise is a large terrestrial turtle with a domed carapace, short hind limbs, shovel-like forelimbs, and a short tail (NatureServe, 2013). The surface of the carapace in adults is usually smooth due to the abrasion it receives as the turtle enters and exits its burrow. It feeds primarily on grasses and lives on well drained sandy soils in transitional areas and edge habitat (USFWS, 2013a). It is commonly associated with pine overstory, but can also be found in more open habitat such as ROW and pastures (USFWS, 2013a). Gopher tortoises dig large burrows (some extend beyond 45 feet in length) where they spend the majority of their time (USFWS, 2013a). Over 350 other species depend on these burrows, which makes the gopher tortoise a keystone species throughout its range (FWC, 2013b). Nesting occurs from late April to mid-July and clutch sizes vary from 5 to 9 individuals (USFWS, 2013a). Gopher tortoise populations west of the Mobile and Tombigbee Rivers in Alabama are federally listed as threatened, but within the Project area are listed as a candidate species (USFWS, 2013). In Alabama this is a State Protected (SP). In Georgia and Florida, the gopher tortoise is listed as a state threatened species (GADNR, 2010; FWC, 2013a). Primary threats that contributed to listing the gopher tortoise as state

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threatened included habitat loss and fragmentation and habitat degradation (NatureServe, 2013). No critical habitat has been designated for the gopher tortoise. The Project has the potential to cross gopher tortoise habitat throughout the mainline segments, especially segments in southern Georgia and northern Florida. Consultations with the GADNR and the FNAI have indicated the presence of gopher tortoises within three miles of the Project area. Preliminary surveys also indicate the presence of burrows in Georgia and Florida. An initial survey of 15 percent of the available habitats will be conducted between April and December 2014 to determine the presence of gopher tortoise burrows, habitat, and individuals. During the initial field survey of the Project route, documentation of suitable habitat, gopher tortoise individuals, and status of their burrows will be recorded to estimate the gopher tortoise population. Based on initial desktop analysis, gopher tortoises are likely to occur throughout the majority of the suitable upland habitats associated with the current surveyed route in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. According to FWC Gopher Tortoise Permitting Guidelines (FWC, 2013c), all potentially occupied burrows (active and inactive) within the construction ROW, and burrows within 25 feet of any proposed construction disturbance, will need to be excavated and the tortoise safely relocated from the construction ROW. As a part of the gopher tortoise relocation permitting process for the Sabal Trail Project, FWC will require that detailed surveys for tortoise be conducted in accordance with the standard methodology of the FWC for Temporary Exclusion Permit for Major Linear Utility Corridors (April 2013). This methodology will be applied in Georgia and Alabama as well, in order utilize best available scientific methods and ensure consistency in surveys and planning for the Project. Prior to surveying, and based on both the available Florida Land Use Cover Classification Codes and National Land Cover data within the current surveyed route, a total of 11,958 acres of potentially suitable and potentially occupied habitat was mapped within the existing upland communities in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Specific field surveys within the current surveyed route will be conducted by FWC-Authorized Gopher Tortoise Agents and designated Assistants to Authorized Agents in Florida. Surveys will include the initial 15 percent pedestrian survey of suitable and representative potentially suitable habitats to locate gopher tortoise burrows and to estimate the overall density of gopher tortoises along the Project route to assist in future permitting. Designation of evenly spaced belt transects will be distributed across all potentially occupied tortoise habitat. Maximum transect widths will be 16 meters (52 feet), and in areas with heavy vegetative cover the width of each transect will be reduced to allow for the detection of burrows within the transect. The total area covered by transects will be calculated to adjust for the reduced width. Burrows will be categorized as active, inactive, or abandoned. Each burrow will be staked and marked with highly visible flagging tape in the field for future identification. The location of each flagged burrow will be recorded using a handheld GPS unit. GPS coordinates will be provided for all burrows observed within, or partially within, the boundaries of each transect, and the centerline of each transect will be recorded. The key end products of this methodology will include the following data to be provided to the FWC to support permit applications, including:  All mapped potentially suitable and/or potentially occupied habitat along the Project route;  Locations of all pedestrian transects; and  GPS locations of observed burrows with an associated activity status. For each transect, the raw data will be summarized in a table (transect dimensions, number of burrows by activity class, number of burrows by size class, and burrow density per acre). The average tortoise density will be reported using the following calculation:

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(Total Potentially Occupied Burrows) x (0.50) = Tortoises/Acre (Total Acres within Survey Area) Overall, the number of tortoises along the Project route will be estimated using the following formula: Estimated No. of Tortoises = Tortoises/Acre x Acres of Occupied Habitat

Note, a 100 percent coverage survey will be completed and submitted a minimum of 90 days before initiation of relocation efforts within a given segment of the Project route. The results of the initial field surveys, conducted up to the time of filing, along with agency correspondence updates, will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Eastern indigo snake (Drymarchon corais couperi) The eastern indigo snake is a large, black, non-venomous snake found in the southeastern United States. It is widely distributed throughout central and south Florida and in southern Alabama, but primarily occurs in sandhill habitats in northern Florida and Georgia (USFWS, 2013b). The eastern indigo snake is a terrestrial predator that will eat any vertebrate small enough to be overpowered. The range of the eastern indigo snake is large and it is found in a variety of different habitats. It is most active during the summer and fall and utilizes habitats that differ depending on climatic conditions (USFWS, 2013b). In the far southern reaches of its range, climate does not strongly affect habitat selection and the eastern indigo snake may be found in sand hill regions, oak flats, palmetto flats, prairie, range, and in canal corridors. This species is also found in gopher tortoise burrows and it relies on these burrows as refuge from extreme temperatures (ADCNR, 2005). Copulation occurs in the fall and winter and hatchlings appear from July through October (NatureServe, 2013). In 1978, the eastern indigo snake was federally listed as threatened throughout its range (USFWS, 1978). It is a state protected species in Alabama and Florida (ALNHP, 2013; FWC, 2013a) and a state threatened species in Georgia (GADNR, 2010). Threats to populations include collecting individuals for the pet trade, habitat fragmentation, and habitat loss (USFWS, 2013b). Within the Project area, the eastern indigo snake has the potential to occur anywhere along the mainline where gopher tortoise burrows or suitable habitats are present. Consultations with the FNAI indicate that gopher tortoises may be within three miles of the Mainline Route in several locations in Florida. As of March 2014, no critical habitat rules have been published for the Eastern indigo snake. The eastern indigo snake uses of a broad range of habitats and it potentially may occur within the Project disturbance area; however, no individuals have been documented during the preliminary field surveys of the Project router. Based on initial desktop research, potential species occurrence in Georgia includes Brooks (historic), Colquitt (historic), and Lowndes Counties. Potential occurrences along the current route in Florida include Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, Madison, Marion, Orange, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, and Suwannee Counties. Based on data review from the FWC Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, anticipated areas for indigo observations along the current surveyed route in Florida could include southeastern Lake County, southwestern Marion County near the Citrus County line/Adams Hammock, Gilchrist County near Dry Prairie Hammock, southern Suwannee County, and western Hamilton County. According to the USFWS Survey Protocol for the Eastern Indigo Snake in North and Central Florida (USFWS, 2011c), even though not commonly seen, eastern indigo snakes might be found throughout peninsular Florida in all terrestrial habitats and hydric hammocks that have not suffered high-density urban development (Moler 1985, 1992). In south Florida, the eastern indigo snake is thought to be more widely distributed than in other parts of its range. In central and coastal Florida, they are found mainly on higher elevation sandy ridges where they use gopher tortoise burrows when available. On the sandy central ridge of south Florida, eastern indigo snakes use gopher tortoise burrows more (62 percent) than other

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underground refugia (Layne and Steiner, 1996). Subterranean refugia used in these areas include burrows of armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus), cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), and land crabs (Cardisoma spp.); burrows of unknown origin; natural ground holes; hollows at the base of trees or shrubs; ground litter; trash piles; and crevices of rock-lined ditch walls (Layne and Steiner 1996). Eastern indigo snakes also inhabit some agricultural lands (e.g., sugar cane fields and associated canal banks) (Layne and Steiner, 1996). In Georgia, indigo snakes overwinter in gopher tortoise burrows in sand hills but use a wide variety of other habitats during the rest of the year. Due to the temporary nature of the habitat effects anticipated for the Project, and based on initial discussion with USFWS Jacksonville office, Sabal Trail will follow the USFWS Standard Protection Measures for the Eastern Indigo Snake (Plan) (August, 2013). The eastern indigo snake protection/education plan developed by the USFWS in Florida for all construction and survey personnel will be utilized for the Project in all three states. At least 30 days prior to any clearing or land alteration activities, Sabal Trail will notify the appropriate USFWS Ecological Services Field Office (“ESFO”) that the detailed Plan will be implemented. With the notification of compliance with the Plan as described in detail in the Plan (including the use of the provided poster and brochure), it is understood that no written confirmation or approval from the USFWS is needed and Sabal Trail can move forward with the Project upon sending this notice. The Plan materials will consist of: 1) posters and pamphlets; and 2) verbal educational instructions to construction personnel by supervisory or management personnel before any clearing or land alteration activities are initiated. The Plan is summarized below. Informational posters will be placed at strategic locations along the construction corridor and along any proposed access roads. Posters will be sized 11”x17” laminated and identical to those provided by the USFWS. Posters will provide detailed information including: 1) a physical description of the eastern indigo snake; 2) similar snake species; 3) life history of the eastern indigo snake, including habitats and breeding information; 4) protections afforded to eastern indigo snakes under Federal and State Law, including information on the penalties for violating these laws; 5) specific instructions for what to do if a live eastern indigo snake is observed on the site; 6) specific instructions for what do to if a dead eastern indigo snake is observed on the site; and 7) telephone numbers for the ESFO to be contacted if a live or dead eastern indigo snake is encountered. Before construction, the educational posters will be posted by the designated agent in the construction offices and throughout the construction corridor, including access roads. Prior to construction, and on an annual basis (if needed), the designated agent will conduct a meeting with all construction staff to discuss the information contained in the poster. Construction staff will be informed of the proper field and reporting procedures in the event that live or dead eastern indigo snakes are observed. During construction and initial site clearing, an onsite observer may be utilized to determine whether existing habitat conditions suggest a reasonable probability of an eastern indigo snake sighting. Periodically during the construction activities, the designated agent will visit the Project areas to observe condition of all posters and all other Plan materials and replace them as necessary. Construction personnel will be continually reminded of the detailed instructions on what is expected of them if any eastern indigo snakes are observed. As part of the Plan, a post construction monitoring report will be submitted to USFWS within 60 days of Project completion. This report will be submitted regardless of whether or not eastern indigo snakes are observed. The report will be electronically emailed to the appropriate USFWS email address listed in the Plan.

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Sand skink (Plestiodon reynoldsi) The sand skink is a small lizard highly adapted for life in the sand. It spends most of its time below the surface “swimming” in loose sand in search of food, shelter, and mates (USFWS, 1999). Sand skinks feed on beetle larvae, termites, adult beetles, spiders, caterpillars, and larval antlions (NatureServe, 2013). Sand skinks are non-migratory lizards restricted to central Florida in Lake, Orange, Polk, Osceola, Marion, and Highlands Counties. This species occurs on ridges, at elevations of 90 feet or more in St. Lucie fine and Lakeland yellow sands. This species inhabits loose sands of sand pine-rosemary scrub, less often longleaf pine-turkey oak (sandhill) or turkey oak barrens adjacent to scrub, especially high pine-scrub ecotones (NatureServe, 2013). Well-drained sands in open glades free of rooted plants are optimal, whereas dry, porous sands are unfavorable; moisture under leaf litter is important in regulation of body temperature and for successful egg incubation (USFWS, 1999). Eggs are laid May through June with a usual clutch size of two. The female attends eggs until they hatch in June/July (NatureServe, 2013). The sand skink is listed federally and by Florida as threatened. The decline of this species has been attributed to loss of habitat to commercial and residential development and agriculture (citrus groves). The population size is not accurately known, but estimates range from 2,500 to 100,000 skinks (NatureServe, 2013). No critical habitat has been designated for the sand skink; however, FNAI has identified historic accounts of this species occurring within five miles of the Project. Surveys are being conducted between March and June 2014 to determine if populations are present in the Project vicinity. During initial field surveys, potential Florida sand skink tracks were observed in Osceola County. Along the Project route, sand skinks are known to occur in Marion, Lake, Polk, Orange, and Osceola Counties. Based on an initial geographic information systems (“GIS”) desktop analysis, the current Project route intersects the Consultation Area for the species in Marion, Lake, Polk, Orange, and Osceola Counties. The USFWS (USFWS, 2011d) Sand Skink and Blue-tailed (Bluetail) Mole Skink Survey Protocol for Peninsular Florida will be followed for pedestrian surveys to determine presence of skinks. Surveys for both species will occur simultaneously. Prior to sampling, based on the available soil information along the Project route and an aerial review of the existing habitats by experienced biologists, a total of 374 acres of potentially suitable habitat was identified within the species Consultation Area. The following soil types were targeted to identify potentially suitable habitat: Candler, Apopka, Tavares, Pomello, Paola, Astatula, Satellite, and Kendrick. Soil types were further limited to elevations 82 feet above sea level or higher. The proposed pedestrian surveys will determine if skinks are present. This survey will be conducted throughout all identified potentially suitable habitats, focusing on bare sand patches. Experienced biologists will look for the distinctive “S” shaped tracks of the sand skink in bare sand during calm, dry days. Surveys will be avoided during periods when tracks are not likely to be observed, including after rainfall, when the soil is moist, or during excessively windy conditions. In areas where sand skink tracks are present within the distribution of bluetail mole skinks, both species will be presumed present. If it cannot be determined whether an observed track was made by sand skinks, biologists will photograph the tracks and provide these with the survey data. If the results of pedestrian surveys successfully detect skink tracks on any portion of the current surveyed route, presence of skinks will be confirmed. The key end products of this methodology will include the following data to be provided to USFWS:  Information sheet including field survey dates, start and end times, survey daily weather information, total number of sand skink tracks observed, and all skink observations;  Photo documentation of track; and

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 Aerial photograph depicting the current Project route, mapped habitat locations, pedestrian survey tracks, and any skink track locations. If the pedestrian survey does not locate skink tracks, a more intensive coverboard survey may be requested. This survey would follow the Coverboard Survey Methodology as provided in the USFWS (USFWS, 2011d) Sand Skink and Blue-tailed (Bluetail) Mole Skink Survey Protocol for Peninsular Florida. Surveys for the sand skink are ongoing. Results of surveys, along with an effects determination, mitigation measures (if necessary), and agency correspondence updates, will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Blue-tailed mole skink (Plestiodon egregius lividus) The blue-tailed mole skink is a small, shiny, brownish to pink lizard found in xeric upland habitats in central Florida. They are non-migratory reptiles found only in Florida. A variety of xeric upland habitats provide habitat for the blue-tailed mole skink, including rosemary and oak dominated scrub and high pine. Areas with few plant roots, open canopies, scattered shrub vegetation and patches of bare, loose sand provide optimal habitat. Blue-tailed mole skinks are typically found in shaded areas such as beneath leaves, logs, palmetto fronds and other ground debris (USFWS, 1999). The ecology and reproductive biology are poorly known, but mating presumably occurs in the winter (NatureServe, 2013). The blue-tailed mole skink is listed federally and in Florida as threatened. There is no designated critical habitat; however, the USFWS South Florida Ecological Services office in Vero Beach, Florida developed a Consultation Area Map for the sand skink (USFWS, 2011b). The USFWS assumes that blue-tailed skinks are likely to occur wherever sand skinks are found. The consultation map includes five counties in the Project area: Marion, Lake, Polk, Osceola, and Orange Counties. FNAI has identified historic accounts occurring within five miles of the Mainline Route. Surveys are being conducted between March and June 2014 to determine if populations are present in the Project vicinity. Results of surveys, along with an effects determination, mitigation measures (if necessary), and agency correspondence updates, will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) The American alligator is a member of the crocodile family found throughout the southeastern United States from North Carolina to Texas with Oklahoma being their most northwestern reach of range (USFWS, 2014j). In Alabama and Florida, the American alligator lives primarily in fresh and brackish marshes, ponds, lakes, rivers, swamps, bayous, large spring runs, and drainage canals. The American alligator is a large, lizard-like reptile with a broadly rounded snout and strong, locking jaws. American alligators are resident, non-migratory reptiles in Alabama and Florida, feeding opportunistically on a wide variety of food sources; primarily fish, turtles, and snails. American alligator’s breeding season is in the spring and typically, the female will guard the nest until the young are ready to hatch. The young can grow a foot or more each year for several years. Alligators reach breeding maturity between the ages of 8 and 13 years, at which they can reach lengths of 6-7 feet (USFWS, 2014j). The American Alligator is state-listed as a species of special concern in Florida due to similarity of appearance to other endangered or threatened crocodilians. Historically, American alligators were extirpated from many parts of their range as a result of market-hunting and habitat loss (USFWS, 2014j). This led to the USFWS listing the alligator as endangered in 1967. Under the ESA, the alligator has rebounded in many areas and in 1987, the USFWS announced the American alligator as fully recovered. The population size is not accurately known, however it is estimated that one million or more alligators exist (NatureServe, 2013). American alligators are expected to occur throughout the Project area and FNAI

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indicates that alligator sitings have historically occurred in the Project vicinity. Species specific surveys are not planned for the American alligator. Agency correspondence updates related to this species will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) USFWS delisted the bald eagle in 2007, and FWC delisted it in 2008, but it is still protected under the federal Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act and by state and federal management guidelines. The bald eagle is making a comeback in population numbers in the United States, and, in Florida, eagle nests are becoming more common. FNAI has records for 13 eagle nests near the Project area. One of these is in Okeechobee County, and the other 12 are in Polk County. In Georgia, five known occurrences have been reported within a three-mile radius of the Mainline route according to the Georgia Natural Heritage Database. In Alabama, no occurrences have been reported within a three-mile radius of the Mainline Route. During the preliminary pedestrian field reconnaissance of the Mainline route, five bald eagles were observed in Florida: one individual in an harvested planted pine area in Levy County, one juvenile flying over improved pasture in Levy County, one adult perched in Marion County, one juvenile perched in Marion County, and an active nest with two adults present at another location in Marion County. Helicopter surveys are ongoing during the bald eagle nesting season. Prior to helicopter surveying, the FWC Eagle Nest Locator database, the GADNR Natural Heritage Database, the ADCNR Natural Heritage Program Database, and initial field survey data have been reviewed. All known locations of nests and sightings of bald eagles will be reviewed by helicopter to obtain current status and mapped. In accordance with the National Bald Eagle Management Guidelines, a 660-foot protection zone with restrictions exists during the nesting season for any active nests. The aerial helicopter survey is canvasing the entire current Project route in all potentially occupied habitats in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida to document any nesting locations within 660 feet of the Mainline Route. Nest locations will be documented with a photograph, and approximate GPS coordinates obtained in the helicopter and nesting status will be recorded. In the Southeastern U.S., nesting season occurs between October 1 and May 30, with eggs generally laid in December and early January. Aerial helicopter surveys were initiated in late February on calm, clear days, with good visibility. Flights are not being conducted during inclement weather or winds > 20 knots. Experienced biologists are conducting the surveys while an experienced pilot maintains an air speed of 60- 80 knots, an altitude of about 300 feet, and an appropriate distance to avoid disturbance. No wildlife is being threatened, harassed, or jeopardized while conducting the aerial helicopter survey. Where tree cover is dense, the pilot circles and make additional passes until the area is covered thoroughly. Biologists are using binoculars and a camera that features substantial optical and digital zoom. This technique minimizes disturbance to the birds by allowing for nest photos to be examined in much closer detail on the computer rather than with binoculars. The key end products of this survey includes the following data:  Information sheet including field survey dates, start and end times, survey daily weather information;  Aerial photograph of the current Project route with aerial helicopter survey flight path, all nest locations, and activity status;  Photo documentation; and  General observational notes of each nest including number of adult eagles, number of eggs, nestlings, or fledglings, and behaviour.

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Results of surveys, along with an effects determination, mitigation measures (if necessary), and agency correspondence updates, will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) Red-cockaded woodpeckers are relatively small woodpeckers distributed throughout the southeastern United States from Florida to Virginia and west to eastern Texas. These woodpeckers have very specific habitat requirements, occupying only mature open longleaf pine forests (80-120 years old) or mature loblolly pine forests (70-100 years old) (USFWS, 2003b). Cooperative breeding groups need about 200 acres of forest for foraging. Suitable forests have a low density of small pines, no hardwood, and usually have abundant native grasses and forbs as groundcover (USFWS, 2003b). Unlike other woodpecker species, red-cockaded woodpeckers are social and are cooperative breeders. Breeding pairs tend to have one or more helpers. Reproductive groups generally produce one brood per season and groups do not necessarily breed every year (USFWS, 2003b). The red-cockaded woodpecker is listed as federally endangered throughout its range. It is listed as a SP species in Alabama (ALNHP, 2013), a state endangered species in Georgia (GADNR, 2010), and it is also protected in Florida (FWC, 2013a). This species has the potential to occur throughout segments in the Project area and consultations with the FNAI revealed confirmed red-cockaded woodpecker habitat within three miles of the Project in southern Florida. Preliminary surveys conducted between September 2013 and March 2014 revealed the potential of red-cockaded woodpecker habitat to occur in Alabama and Georgia. As of March 2014, no critical habitat rule for this species was published. Surveys will be conducted between April and December 2014 to determine if individuals are present along the Project route. During initial field surveys of the Project route, 13 documentations of potentially suitable foraging or nesting habitat were recorded in Georgia and Alabama. With consideration to only those counties intersected by the Project, according to USFWS Environmental Conservation Online System (“ECOS”), the red-cockaded woodpecker is known to or believed to occur in Polk and Osceola Counties in Florida, Brooks and Stewart Counties in Georgia, and Tallapoosa County in Alabama. In addition, the Florida Natural Areas Inventory (“FNAI”) database lists Alachua, Citrus, Lake, Levy, Madison, Marion, and Orange Counties as potential to have red-cockaded woodpecker occurrences. The Georgia Department of Natural Resources (“GADNR”) also confirms the species occurs in Brooks and Stewart Counties. Using data obtained from all three states (e.g., FNAI and Natural Heritage Programs), only two occurrences of the species were documented within a three-mile radius of the Project route in Florida in Levy and Marion Counties. In addition, FWC Fish and Wildlife Research Institute data document the species approximately one-half mile from the Project route in Hamilton County, Florida. No species occurrences were recorded within three miles of the route in Georgia or Alabama. The USFWS (2003c) Red-cockaded Woodpecker South Florida Survey Protocol will be utilized for guidance, but specific methodologies will follow recommendations for a general survey based on initial discussions with USFWS Jacksonville office. Proposed methodologies are summarized below. For the purpose of surveying, USFWS defines suitable foraging habitat as pine or pine/hardwood stand of forest, woodland, or savannah in which 50 percent or more of the dominant trees are pines and the dominant pine trees are generally 60 years in age or older. For the purpose of surveying, suitable nesting habitat consists of pine, pine/hardwood, and hardwood/pine stands that contain pines 60 years in age or older (generally >15.2 cm diameter-at-breast-height). Pines 60 years in age or older may be scattered or clumped within younger stands. Prior to surveying, based on available Florida Land Use Cover Classification Codes and National Land Cover data within the current surveyed route and an aerial review of the existing habitats by experienced

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biologists, a total of 241 acres in Florida and a combined 939 acres in Georgia and Alabama of potentially suitable nesting or foraging habitat were identified along the entire length of the current Project route. The first step in the survey procedure will consist of field reconnaissance of the potentially suitable habitats along the Project route to determine whether the areas are suitable for nesting. If no suitable nesting habitat exists upon initial visit, further assessment will not be conducted. Representative photographs and detailed field notes will be recorded in any area determined to be unsuitable. If suitable nesting pine trees are present, pedestrian transects will be conducted by experienced biologists throughout the potentially occupied area to survey for any cavity trees. Transects will be spaced so that each mature pine tree within an area is inspected. Per the protocol, necessary spacing between transects will vary with habitat structure and season from a maximum of 300 feet in very open pine stands to 150 feet or less in areas with a dense midstory. Transects will run north-south, as cavity entrances are primarily oriented in a westerly direction. Transect locations will be tracked using a handheld GPS unit. Biologists will record any observations of the species including calls, locations, and behavior. If cavity trees are located within an area, their locations will be recorded using a handheld GPS unit and marked on an aerial field map. Activity status, cavity stage, and any entrance enlargement will be assessed and recorded. The key end products of this methodology will include the following data to be provided to the USFWS:  Information sheet(s) including field survey dates, start and end times, survey daily weather information, total number of red-cockaded woodpeckers observed, and behavior; and.  Aerial photograph(s) depicting the current Project route, locations of any field-verified suitable nesting habitat with pedestrian transects, locations of any documented cavity trees, and all red- cockaded woodpeckers observed while conducting the survey or any other time including flight directions. Results of surveys, along with an effects determination, mitigation measures (if necessary), and agency correspondence updates, will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the application. Wood stork (Mycteria americana) Wood storks are large wading birds found in the southern US with breeding populations occurring in Florida, Georgia, and coastal South Carolina (USFWS, 1996a). Wood storks use wetlands for both foraging and nesting habitat. Generally, shallow and open wetlands are used for foraging. Potential foraging areas include freshwater marshes, stock ponds, shallow roadside ditches, shallow tidal creeks and pools, managed impoundments, and depressions in cypress swamps (USFWS, 1997). Wood storks feed primarily on fish, but can opportunistically feed on arthropods, crustaceans, amphibians, mammals, reptiles, and birds. Nesting is colonial and colonies may be used for many years. For nesting, birds require medium to tall trees either within a swamp or on an island surrounded by open water (USFWS, 1996a). In the South, the typical breeding season is late November to early March and in central Florida the typical season is February to March (USFWS, 1996a). It is the only stork that breeds in the United States and is considered to be an indicator species for biologists gaging habitat quality (NPS, 2013). The wood stork is a federally endangered species and in 2007 the USFWS finalized a recovery plan detailing how to improve wood stork populations. In Alabama the species is state protected, in Georgia it is a state endangered species, and in Florida it is protected under the federal ESA. Consultations with GADNR revealed potential wood stork locations in cypress/gum ponds and marshes in Georgia within 3 miles of the Project area. Consultations with the FNAI also found wood storks have been found in impoundments in Florida within three miles of the proposed pipeline. Surveys will be conducted between March and July 2014 and personnel will be careful to follow avoidance guidelines established in the recovery plan or through consultations in order to minimize disturbance of wood storks (USFWS, 1996a).

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Two wood stork colonies are documented within three miles of the Project route in Georgia based on records in the GADNR Natural Heritage Database. These locations are both associated with Crevasse Pond in Brooks County, Georgia. Initial helicopter surveys (methodology described below) have confirmed these colonies are active. Sabal Trail has developed a reroute around Crevasse Pond which will be detailed in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. In Alabama, no occurrences have been reported within a three-mile radius of the Project route. Based on an initial GIS desktop analysis, the current pipeline route intersects Core Foraging Areas for wood stork colonies in all counties intersected along the Project route in Florida. Initial review of known colony locations suggests that the primary habitat value for wood storks along the Project route is for foraging. Most critical to foraging is food availability during the nesting period. The types of wetlands that provide forage to storks include drying marshes or stock ponds, shallow roadside or agricultural ditches, and depressions in cypress heads or sloughs. However, wood storks can potentially utilize all wetlands habitats along the Project route for foraging, with foraging at any given wetland occurring principally during times when water levels are above the land surface but low enough for the “tactile foraging” technique used by this species. Foraging areas shift with time as water levels change. Any known wood stork colonies within the Project area and those whose foraging areas overlap the areas action area have been obtained and will be mapped. In addition, state-listed colonial nesting water bird data has been obtained from FWC and each state’s Natural Heritage Program database. The proposed survey methodology is utilizing aerial helicopter surveys as these are the most effective and least costly technique available to cover large areas. Aerial helicopter flights are being used to assess any wood stork or other listed colonial nesting water birds colonies along the Project route in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Aerial observations are being conducted once per month for three total months during the nesting season. All flights will be conducted on days with little or no wind or rain, and good visibility at elevations of about 300 feet. Two experienced biologists will fly the established route (one on either side of the helicopter). At each wetland, the pilot maintains adequate altitude as to not disturb any water birds that are present and to circle the wetland as necessary to get an accurate count and identification of species. A GPS is being used to record each survey route and a location will be recorded for each colony observed. Nests are being counted and locations of colonies mapped on a current color aerial. For wetlands with foraging wood storks, individuals are being counted and recorded on a per-wetland basis. In addition to wood storks, the ecologists are recording other observed water birds by species and by wetland. Guidelines listed in the wood stork recovery plan (USFWS, 1997) Appendix B are being followed. Results of surveys, along with an effects determination, mitigation measures (if necessary), and agency correspondence updates, will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Florida scrub jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) Florida scrub jays are non-migratory medium-sized jays, similar in size and general coloring to the more widespread blue jay but lacking a crest. The range of Florida scrub jay is restricted to peninsular Florida. The largest populations occur in Brevard, Highlands, Polk, and Marion Counties (Hipes et al., 2001). Scrub jays have highly specialized habitat requirements, such as low-growing oak scrub habitat in areas of well drained sandy soils (Hipes et al., 2001). Dominant vegetation in these habitats consists of sand live oak, myrtle oak, Chapman oak, with saw palmetto, scrub palmetto, sand pine, and rosemary (USFWS, 1990). Fire is an important factor in these habitats (Hipes et al., 2001). Scrub jays forage on or near the ground in small clear patches, feeding on a variety of invertebrates and acorns (USFWS, 2007b). Nests are built 4 to 12 feet above-ground in wild olive, sand pine, or scrub oak (USFWS, 1990). Scrub jays are monogamous and maintain territories throughout the year. Breeding lasts about 90 days from March to June.

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The Florida scrub jay is federally and Florida state-listed as threatened. Although no critical habitat rules have been published, there is the potential for the scrub jay to occur in the vicinity of the project in Alachua, Levy, Marion, Sumter, Lake, Orange, Polk, and Osceola Counties. Consultations with the FNAI indicate that individuals may be present in the project vicinity. Preliminary pipeline segment surveys have also noted the existence of scrub jay habitat in the Project area. Surveys will be conducted between March and November 2014 to determine the location of scrub jays along the Project route. During initial field surveys, three individual scrub-jays were documented on one occasion in Marion County, Florida. Based on an initial GIS desktop analysis, the current Project route intersects the Consultation Area for this species in Florida in Levy, Marion, Sumter, Lake, Polk, Orange, and Osceola Counties. According to USFWS, suitable scrub-jay habitat includes “classic” scrub types including xeric oak scrub, scrubby pine flatwoods, scrubby coastal strand, and sand pine scrub. Additional habitats to be considered includes pine-mesic oak, xeric oak, sand live oak, improved, unimproved and woodland pastures, citrus groves, rangeland, pine flatwoods, longleaf pine xeric oak, sand pine, sand pine plantations, forest regenerations areas, sand other than beaches, and disturbed rural lands and disturbed burned areas. The USFWS Scrub-Jay Survey Guidelines, Updated 08/24/2007 (USFWS, 2007c), will be followed with field procedures summarized below. Prior to sampling, based on the available GIS Florida Land Use Cover and Forms Classification System data within the current Project route and an aerial review of the existing habitats by experienced biologists, a total of 874 acres of potentially suitable habitat have been identified within the species Consultation Area. Within these areas, a centerline transect was established and playback stations were plotted spaced 200- meters apart in order to ensure coverage of all potentially suitable scrub-jay habitats. This exercise resulted in a total of 259 playback stations proposed within the current surveyed route. Surveys are occurring at these locations using a high quality tape recording of Florida scrub-jay territorial scolding in an attempt to attract the jays. The recording includes clear examples of all typical scolds. Per the guidelines, field surveys are being carried out on calm, clear days beginning about one hour after sunrise and terminating before midday heat or wind. Surveys are not being conducted in winds stronger than a moderate breeze, in mist or fog, or in precipitation exceeding a light, intermittent drizzle. Surveys are not being conducted if accipiters or other scrub-jay predators are present in the area; in the event this is the case, the surveyor will either wait until the predator is gone or come back on another day. Surveys are being conducted between March 1 and October 31, 2014 with a focus on the ideal survey periods. Ideal survey periods include: 1) spring (especially March), 2) fall (September and October), when territorial displays are most frequent and vigorous, and 3) midsummer (July) when young of the year are independent but still distinguishable by plumage. Experienced biologists are broadcasting the calls at each station for at least one minute in all four cardinal directions around the playback station, emphasizing any direction in which low-growing oak scrub is the predominant vegetation. If a scrub-jay is observed, tape playback is halted for up to 20 minutes at that station, and all jay activity will be observed and recorded. On the vegetation map, surveyors are plotting the locations and indicate group size of all Florida scrub-jays where they are first seen or heard. Whenever possible, adult-plumaged jays will be distinguished from juvenile-plumaged jays. To establish an accurate count of jay groups and appropriate territorial boundaries, the stations are being surveyed as often as necessary for a minimum of five survey days. After the first round of surveys and data collection, permission will be requested from USFWS to reduce the number of play stations based on any current site conditions determined to be unsuitable to support the species. To evaluate habitat quality at each of the 259 potential playback stations, the Florida scrub-jay

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habitat suitability index (“HSI”) model developed by Breininger, et al. (1992) is proposed for use. In consultation with the USFWS, this HSI model has been successfully employed on other large linear projects in Florida. Biologists conducting surveys are trained to use the HSI model and to ensure consistency in its application. In addition to quantifying each of the HSI variables in the vicinity of each potential playback station (percent of shrub canopy comprised of oak, distance to scrub oak ridge, percent of open space, distance to ruderal grass, distance to forest, percent pine canopy cover, and mean shrub height), representative photographs of each station will be taken to verify HSI values. Because most of the field effort will be reaching each station, a minimum of one scrub-jay playback call (described below) is being conducted at that time. Upon the completion of this initial survey, the HSI and playback results will be analyzed, and consultation will occur with USFWS as to which playback stations warrant further surveys. Upon approval of refined survey locations, the remaining Florida scrub-jay surveys will be conducted. The key end products of this survey will include a complete count of any jay groups on the Project route and an approximate territory map or home range center for each group. The following data will be provided to USFWS:  Information sheet(s) including all field survey dates, start and end times, survey daily weather information, total number of jay groups found, number of jays in each group, and number of juvenile-plumaged jays in each group; and  Aerial photograph(s) depicting the current Project route, potentially suitable mapped habitat and playback station locations, locations of all jays observed while conducting the survey or any other time including flight directions, and approximated territory boundaries or home range center for any group of jays. Results of surveys, along with an effects determination, mitigation measures (if necessary), and agency correspondence updates, will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) The snail kite is a medium sized diurnal raptor distributed primarily through Central and South America and the Caribbean, with the population in peninsular Florida representing the northern extent of the species’ range. Everglade snail kite is the subspecies occurring in Florida and Cuba and northwestern Honduras (USFWS, 1999). In Florida, its range is restricted to southern and central counties within the drainage systems of the upper St. John’s River, Kissimmee Valley, Lake Okeechobee, Loxahatchee Slough, the Everglades, and the Big Cypress basin (USFWS, 1999). Snail kites have a highly specialized diet, feeding almost entirely on apple snails (Pomacea paludosa). Foraging habitat for Everglade snail kite, therefore, corresponds with where apple snails can be found. Typically, this includes freshwater marshes, but can also occur in open water habitats in shallow lakes or lake edges. Nesting can occur at any time of the tear and peak breeding season can fluctuate between years depending on the climate and rainfall (USFWS, 1999). The Florida snail kite is a federally and Florida state listed endangered species. Loss and degradation of wetland habitats in southern Florida, particularly the Everglades, is the major threat on this species. Because the snail kite is endemic to only a very few freshwater systems, it is highly dependent on the integrity of the hydrology and the water quality of those systems (USFWS, 1999). Critical habitat has been designated, but it occurs outside the Project area and project activities are not expected to affect snail kite populations. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application.

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Florida grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum floridanus) Grasshopper sparrows are short-tailed, flat-headed sparrows distributed throughout most of the United States and into Central and South America. The Florida grasshopper sparrow is a subspecies with a severely restricted range, consisting of only a few counties in south-central Florida. Although some grasshopper sparrows migrate, the Florida subspecies is non-migratory. Florida grasshopper sparrows require dry grassland or prairie that is moderately to poorly drained. These prairie habitats are frequently burned, removing trees and taller vegetation and must be maintained by burning. Typically preferred habitat is dominated by saw palmetto and dwarf oaks, with bluestems, St. John’s wort, and wiregrass as important habitat components (USFWS, 1999). Overgrown or ungrazed pastureland can also provide suitable habitat. The sparrows forage on the ground or low in vegetation for insects, spiders, and small grass seeds. Nests are located on the ground in shallow excavations in a suitable sandy substrate within the prairie habitat. Breeding occurs between early April and late June often with two broods per season (USFWS, 1999). The Florida grasshopper sparrow is federally and Florida listed as endangered. The reason for listing is declines in population due to habitat loss and degradation, mostly from conversion to improved pasture and agriculture (USFWS, 1999). There is no designated critical habitat for the grasshopper sparrow, but consultations with the FNAI indicate that individuals may be located in Polk County outside of the Project area. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Crested caracara (Polyborus plancus audubonii) The crested caracara is a large diurnal raptor of North and South America. It lives primarily in open habitats in the south-central portion of the state. Crested caracaras are resident, non-migratory raptors that feed on a wide variety of food sources. They hunt for invertebrates and small to medium-sized amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. In addition to capturing live prey, they commonly feed on carrion (USFWS, 1999). Caracaras will forage on the wing, from a perch, or from the ground. Preferred habitats include wet or dry prairies, improved pastures, and open areas sparsely vegetated with cabbage palm, scrub oak, and cypress. Nests are often built on cabbage palms. The nesting season is January through March during the winter dry season, although egg laying can begin as early as September and may last until April, and nesting attempts are made throughout the year. Incubation lasts four weeks and young fledge after eight weeks (USFWS, 1999). The crested caracara is federally and Florida listed as threatened. There is no designated critical habitat for the crested caracara, but consultations with the FNAI indicate that individuals may be located in Polk County. Surveys will be conducted between March 2014 and December 2014 to determine if individuals are present in the Project vicinity. During initial field surveys, no crested caracara individuals were documented. Based on an initial GIS desktop analysis, the current Project route intersects the Consultation Area for this species in Florida in Orange, Osceola, Polk, and Lake Counties. The USFWS South Florida Ecological Services’ Survey Protocol for Finding Caracara Nests (April 2004) is being utilized for guidance, but specific methodologies will follow recommendations for a modified survey based on initial discussions with USFWS Jacksonville office. Proposed methodologies are summarized below. Prior to surveys, based on the available Florida Land Use Cover Classification Codes within the current Project route and an aerial review of the existing habitats by experienced biologists, a total of 408 acres of potentially occupied nesting habitat was mapped within the species Consultation Area. Field surveys will

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conclude whether or not the site contains active caracara nests or suitable nesting habitat (e.g., mature cabbage palms). Experienced biologists are performing a combination of vehicular transects and pedestrian spot checks in all previously identified potentially suitable habitats to locate and perform a single inspection of mature cabbage palms within the Project route. This survey took place between February and March, depending on parcel access, and covered the time when most birds are feeding nestlings and are more visible. Surveys stated at least 15 minutes prior to sunrise and occurred during good weather conditions (not to be conducted in rain or fog). During midday, potential nest trees were examined close up for evidence of nests (Morrison, 2001). Any caracara activity (including flight patterns) was recorded on data sheets and marked on maps with details including time of day, number of birds, and if possible if the birds were juveniles or adults. Potential or confirmed nesting locations within the Project route were collected with a handheld GPS and approximate locations marked on field maps. In South Florida, the USFWS defines a primary (985 feet) and secondary (4,920 feet) protection zone outward from any active crested caracara nest tree with restrictions during the nesting season. Biologists will attempt to document caracara nesting sites that occur outside of the Project route where possible, noting approximate locations on field maps. Potential nesting locations were revisited within two weeks from the initial observation if additional checks are needed to confirm active nesting. The key end products of this survey will include the following data to be provided to the USFWS:  Information sheet(s) including field survey dates, start and end times, survey daily weather information, total number caracara observations; and  Aerial photograph(s) depicting the current Project route, potentially suitable mapped habitat locations, and locations of all caracara observed while conducting the survey or any other time including flight directions, and GPS locations of any documented nests. Results of surveys, along with an effects determination, mitigation measures (if necessary), and agency correspondence updates, will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) Piping Plovers are small, stocky, sandy-colored birds that resemble sandpipers. Adult plovers have yellow- orange legs, a black band across the forehead from eye to eye, and a black ring around the base of the neck. Plover chicks have been likened to tiny wind-up toys or cotton balls with legs. Like their parents, they run in short starts and stops. When still, adults and chicks blend into the pale background of open, sandy habitat on outer beaches where they feed and nest. The bird’s name derives from its call, a plaintive bell-like whistle often heard before the birds are seen. Atlantic coast Piping Plovers breed on coastal beaches from Newfoundland and southeastern Quebec to North Carolina. After they establish nesting territories and conduct courtship rituals beginning in late March or early April, pairs form shallow depressions - nests - in the sand on the high beach close to the dunes. They sometimes line nests with small stones or fragments of shell. These birds winter on the Atlantic coast from North Carolina south to Florida. The Piping Plover is federally and Florida listed as threatened. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Whooping crane (Grus americana)

The whooping crane, the tallest bird in North America (1.5 m), is a mainly white bird with a long neck, long legs, and red facial skin. It differs from the sandhill crane in being mostly white instead of gray (NatureServe 2013). Whooping crane chicks have a cinnamon brown body color; however, by four months

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they begin to display the white adult feather color. Their diet consists of aquatic invertebrates, small vertebrates (fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals), roots, acorns, and berries. The nesting season in Florida occurs between January and May. The clutch size ranges from one to three eggs and breeding pairs will re-nest if the first clutch of eggs is destroyed. It is rare for more than one of the chicks from a nest to survive. Whooping cranes mate for life, but will pick new partners if the previous partner is lost (FWC, 2014f). They have a limited distribution and are only found in shallow marshes and open grasslands. The only natural population is located in Wood Buffalo National Park in Alberta. Non-migratory populations were introduced to Florida in 1993. The main threat to the whooping crane is the alteration and loss of habitat. Pollution from boats and barges is another concern. Other threats include illegal hunting and collisions with cars. The whooping crane is protected by the U.S. Migratory Bird Treaty Act and listed as endangered by the federal ESA and by Florida state T&E laws. Critical habitat has been designated, but does not occur in the Project area and consultations with the FNAI do not indicate any presence of whooping cranes within the Project area. Survey crews are unlikely to record occurrences of whooping cranes and project activities are unlikely to affect whooping crane populations. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) The Florida panther is a subspecies of Puma and a wide-ranging, reclusive species that occurs in low densities. They have a large home range and require large contiguous areas to meet their social, reproductive, and energetic needs. Panther habitat selection is related to prey availability (i.e. habitats that make prey vulnerable to stalking and capturing are selected). Dense understory vegetation provides some of the most important feeding, resting, and denning cover for panthers. Reproduction is known only in the Big Cypress Swamp/Everglades physiographic region in Collier, Lee, Hendry, Miami-Dade, and Monroe Counties, Florida. Although the breeding segment of the panther population occurs only in south Florida, panthers have been documented north of the Caloosahatchee River in 11 counties (USFWS, 2006). The Florida panther is federally and Florida State listed as endangered. The panther is also protected under the Florida Panther Act (State Statute 372.671). Limiting factors for the Florida panther are habitat availability, prey availability, and lack of human tolerance. Habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation are among the greatest threats to panther survival. No critical habitat rules have been published for the Florida panther and consultations with the FNAI indicate that the Florida panther is not likely to occur within the Project area. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Florida bonneted bat (Eumops floridanus) The Florida bonneted bat is the largest species of bat in Florida and can reach a length of 6.5 inches with a wingspan of 20 inches. The pelage ranges from black to cinnamon brown (FWC, 2014e). This bat is non- migratory and is free tailed. The name originates from the large ears which project forward over the eyes. Relatively little is known about the life history, but estimates of lifespan range from 10-20 years. It has a long breeding season and females give birth between April and August. The species roosts singly or in colonies consisting of several males and females. Bats tend to prefer higher roost sites and the Florida bonneted bat is most likely to pick large trees or buildings as roost sites. The bat is active year round and does not have periods of hibernation or torpor. It depends on a consistent supply of food consisting of

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insects (specifically beetles and flies) and it is suspected that these bats may travel long distances from roost sites to foraging areas. Long term habitat requirements are poorly understood and information on historic roosting sites is limited, but in general wetlands provide good foraging habitat and protective tree cover is important for roosting sites (USFWS, 2013c). The Florida bonneted bat is listed as endangered, federally and in Florida. No critical habitat rules have been published, but consultations with the FNAI indicate that individuals may be located in Polk County but not within the Project area. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Little amphianthus (Amphianthus pusillus) Little amphianthus is a short (5-10 cm tall) green-purple aquatic annual. The lower leaves are typically submerged and about 1 cm long (also very narrow). Floating branches, which extend from the submerged stem, are tipped with round green and purple edged leaves approximately 4-8 mm long and 3-5 mm wide (Coder 1994). These leaves surround a singular white flower with 4-5 greenish-yellow petals. Little amphianthus ranges from eastern Alabama through central Georgia and northern South Carolina. No critical habitat rules exist for little amphianthus. It is found in shallow ephemeral pools where seeds can lie dormant for years until suitable moisture is available (Coder, 1994). Little amphianthus is a federally listed threatened species that is also listed by the GADNR as state threatened (GADNR, 2010). It has no state status in Alabama and it is not found in Florida. The GADNR has no records of little amphianthus specimens within three miles of the proposed mainline route. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Georgia rockcress (Arabis georgiana) Georgia rockcress is an erect biennial found in Alabama and Georgia with white flowers and 1-5 cm leaves occurring in an alternating pattern at the base and along the stem. The flower has 4 petals approximately 6- 9 mm long and the fruit is an erect pod. The flowering season occurs from late March to early May. No other members of Arabis inhabit the same habitat as A. georgiana, nor do they display an erect pod (NatureServe, 2013). Georgia rockcress is found in palustrine and terrestrial habitats and it does not tolerate heavily shaded habitat. It is found on rocky bluffs, rock outcrops, and in loamy soil along riverbanks. In general it occurs in mesic conditions (NatureServe, 2013). Georgia rockcress is a federal candidate species and a state threatened species in Georgia (GADNR, 2010). It has no status in Alabama and is not located Florida. Consultations with ADCNR and GADNR, indicate that Georgia rockcress is not found within three miles of the Project area. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. White fringeless orchid (Platanthera integrilabia) The white fringeless orchid is a perennial herb that flowers from late July to early September. The flowers are white and 7 mm long with long spurs and occur in a raceme (Pistrang, 2010). The lip petal is narrow

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and about 13 mm long. The leaves at the base are long (20 cm) and narrow (3 cm wide), while the leaves along the stem are much smaller. This species also has fruits that mature in October. These orchids often grow in colonies and are easy to distinguish from other Platanthera species due to the white inflorescence and the lower lip petal (Pistrang, 2010). This orchid is found in both riverine and palustrine habitats, is generally found in wet, flat areas at the head of streams. It is also found in association with Sphagnum species and in partially shaded areas. The white fringeless orchid is found throughout the southeastern United States from Virginia and Kentucky to Texas. However, populations have been extirpated from several historic habitats in Virginia (NatureServe, 2013). The white fringeless orchid is a federal candidate species, but has no state status in Alabama, Georgia, or Florida. Consultations with the ADCNR and GADNR indicate that this species is not likely to be located within three miles of the Project, although it has the potential to occur in wetland areas in Tallapoosa County, Alabama. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Relict trillium (Trilium reliquum) The relict trillium is a perennial short low growing plant (under 30 cm) with waxy leaves having a mottled green coloration (AFC, 2014). Each leaf is approximately 5-13 cm long. The relict trillium flowers from March to April. The flower has three dark purple or greenish yellow petals. This species fruits from May to June and the fruit is a fleshy structure 1 cm in diameter (Coder, 1994). The relict trillium is found in mesic hardwood forests near riverine and wetland habitats where humidity is high and soils have high organic matter content. Robust populations exist in the Savannah and Chattahoochee River drainages. No published critical habitat exists for the relict trillium. The relict trillium is a federally endangered species that is state protected in Alabama and designated in Georgia as endangered. Consultations with ADCNR and GADNR indicate that this species may be located within three miles of the Project area in Lee County, Alabama and Lee and Dougherty County, Georgia. Relict Trillium occurs in areas of Georgia and Alabama within hardwood forests, often on steep slopes. The appropriate survey window includes early spring months. Surveys will focus on 14 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range. Surveys will be conducted between March and May 2014 to determine if specimens are present in the Project area. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. American chaffseed (Schwalbea americana) American chaffseed is an erect perennial with yellow and purplish tubular flowers (Suiter, 2011). The leaves are largest near the base and decrease in length towards the top. The alternate leaves are lance shaped, and typically 2-5 cm long. The plant (including the flowers) is covered by short hairs. The fruits are long narrow capsules that mature from early summer through October (Suiter, 2011). This plant blooms from April to June in the south and June to July in the north (NatureServe, 2013). Commonly found in sandy soils that are seasonally moist. Chaffseed requires open areas and is thus dependent on fluctuating water tables or fires. Most of the surviving populations occur in areas that are subjected to fires, and fire may be important to seed germination. Currently, American chaffseed is found in New Jersey, the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida (Suiter, 2011). American chaffseed is a federally endangered species that is state endangered in Georgia and Florida and

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state protected in Alabama. Consultations with ADCNR, GADNR, and FNAI indicate that this species may be located within three miles of the Project area in Dougherty and Mitchell Countys, Georgia. Surveys will be conducted between April and June 2014 to determine if specimens are present in the Project area. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Canby’s dropwort (Oxypolis canbyi) Canby’s dropwort is a perennial plant with slender stems that may be over one meter tall and are around 3- 10 mm thick. The leaves are very thin and quill-like. The compound white-red flower clusters are visible from mid-august through October and flowers have five white petals 1.25 mm long (NatureServe 2013). The petal tips curve inward and long (4-6 mm) fruits occur in early fall (Coder, 1994). Most populations are maintained by asexual reproduction (Murdock and Raynor 1990). This plant is found in swamps, bogs, ponds, and in other areas that have wet soils and little canopy cover. Surveys indicate that soils with high organic content support the most vigorous populations (NatureServe, 2013). Canby’s dropwort is found along the mid-Atlantic coast in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia (NatureServe, 2013). Canby’s dropwort is a federally endangered species that is state endangered in Georgia and state protected in Alabama. Consultations with ADCNR and GADNR indicate that no records occur within three miles of the Project area. Canby’s dropwort occurs on edges of ponds, sloughs, bays and wet savannas in Dougherty, Lee, and Terrell Counties in Georgia. The appropriate survey window for this species is August-October. Surveys will focus on 155 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Cooley’s meadowrue (Thalictrum cooleyi) Cooley’s meadowrue is a perennial plant with erect stems around one to two meters in height and compound, thin green leaves. The flowers lack petals but sepals are white or yellow with lavender filaments and flowering occurs in June and early July (NatureServe, 2013). The entire plant is glabrous and has no hairs. The fruits are six mm long achenes that mature in August and September. Cooley’s meadowrue is found in grass-sedge bogs, wet pine savannahs, and in seasonally wet swamp forests. This plant occurs on land that is subjected to disturbances such as fire and mowing. Populations also exist along power line rights-of-way. Soils associated with Cooley’s meadowrue are often slightly acidic and moist, but Cooley’s meadowrue does not tolerate water standing at the surface. Currently, this species is only found in North Carolina, Georgia, and Florida (NatureServe, 2013). Cooley’s Meadowrue occurs in Georgia in wet savannas. The appropriate survey window is June and surveys will occur at this time in Dougherty and Mitchell Counties, Georgia. Surveys will focus on 7 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Florida bonamia (Bonamia grandiflora) Florida bonamia is federally listed as threatened and Florida listed as endangered. Florida bonamia is a perennial trailing vine that prefers to colonize habitats of open or disturbed scrub, sand pine, and scrub oak with FNAI records in Polk County. Only marginal habitat to support this species exists within the Project area boundaries. Scrub habitat within the Project area in Polk County is limited. Florida bonamia was not observed during the field survey, and the likelihood of its occurrence along the Project route is low because of it being a fire-dependent species, and because only marginal habitat to support its existence is found Project route. The fire regime of communities located within the Project route has been suppressed for a

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long time. Construction and operation associated with the Project is not likely to adversely affect Florida bonamia. Florida Bonamia occurs within openings or disturbed areas in white sand scrub on central Florida ridges with scrub oaks, sand pines, and lichens. The appropriate survey window is May to September. Surveys will focus on 100 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Longspurred mint (Dicerandra cornutissima) Longspurred mint grows up to 1.6 feet tall with erect non-woody flowery shoots growing from a woody base. It is a very aromatic plant and the purple-red flowers have conspicuous sunken glands and leaves that are 0.5 inches long (USFWS, 2005b). It is a short lived perennial that reproduces from seeds. It grows in xeric upland, sandy habitats and is only found in Marion and Sumter Counties, Florida (MBG, 2010). It prefers open areas and can colonize edges of road rights of way (USFWS, 2005b). Sites where longspurred mint historically occurred in Sumter County and several sites in Marion County are no longer inhabitable for this species due to human development. It is currently found in only 15 sites in Marion and Sumter Counties and has been extirpated from much of its historic habitat (USFWS 2005b). It is currently federally and state listed in Florida as endangered. FNAI did not identify any potential occurrences of longspurred mint along the Project route and no critical habitat rules have been published. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Scrub buckwheat (Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium) This plant is a perennial herb, FNAI recorded in Polk and Osceola Counties, Florida. Scrub buckwheat is federally listed as Threatened and Florida listed as Endangered. It occurs in habitats intermediate between scrub and sand hills (high pine) and in turkey oak barrens. Over the long term, a population viability analysis by Satterthwaite et al. (2002) shows that scrub buckwheat populations require fire at intervals of five to 20 years to remain viable. Only marginal habitat to support this species exists along the Project route. Scrub habitat within the study area in Polk and Osceola Counties is limited since the fire regime of communities located along the Project route has been suppressed for a long time. Scrub buckwheat was not observed during the field survey, and the likelihood of its occurrence within the route is low, because of it being a fire dependent species, and because only marginal habitat to support its existence is found within the Project area. It is still being determined where surveys will be conducted for this species. The appropriate survey window is May to October. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Britton’s beargrass (Nolina brittoniana) Britton’s beargrass occurs in a wide range of habitat types, from relatively open scrub to hammocks with closed canopies, and was FNAI recorded in Polk and Osceola Counties, Florida. Britton’s beargrass is federally and Florida listed as Endangered. This plant species prefers upland sites, where soil is droughty and infertile, and fire-dependent and fire-maintained ecosystems. None were observed during field surveys, and marginal habitat to support this species exists along the Project route. Scrub habitat along the Project route in Polk County is limited. Because the species can grow in open scrub, post construction practices

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and maintenance of the pipeline route should not change existing habitat management practices and prevent the species from further recruitment along the Project route. Britton’s bear-grass occurs in Florida within dry pinewoods, sandhill, and sand pine scrub. The survey for this species will be conducted between March and December 2014 when the plant is in bloom or fruit, as it is most conspicuous during that time frame. Surveys will focus on 204 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Lewton’s polygala (Polygala lewtonii) Lewton’s polygala is a perennial herb found in sunny openings and often colonizes disturbed sites, such as roadsides, fire lanes, and power line clearings, as well as scrub habitat ranging from high pine to turkey oak barrens. Lewton’s polygala is federally and Florida listed as Endangered. Lewton’s polygala was FNAI recorded in Polk and Osceola Counties, Florida. Although none were observed during the field survey, habitat to support this species exists along the Project route. Lewton’s polygala occurs in Florida within oak scrub, sand hills, and transition zones between high pine and turkey oak barrens. Surveys for this species will be conducted from March to May 2014 and will focus on 86 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Cooley’s water willow (Justicia cooleyi) Cooley’s water willow is a perennial herb approximately 16 inches tall with erect, hairy stems and leaves two inches long. The flower is dark pink, about 0.5 inches long, and hairy. The fruit is a small capsule 0.5 inches long. Cooley’s water willow is similar in appearance to the common water willow, but the common water willow lacks glandular hairs on the flowers and is overall less hairy. This species flowers in August- December and typically inhabits mesic hardwood hammocks over limestone (FNAI, 2000). It has been primarily found in hardwood and hardwood pine forests in Hernando County, Florida and one known hardwood forest in Sumter County, Florida. Habitat destruction is the largest threat to Cooley’s water willow, specifically the loss of hardwood forest to residential and agricultural development. Invasive plants and heavy browsing by deer are other stressors that harm populations of Cooley’s water willow (USFWS, 2010). Cooley’s water willow is listed as endangered both federally and by the state of Florida. No critical habitat rules have been published for this species and consultations with the FNAI indicate that this species could be located within 0.5 miles of the Project area in Sumter County. Surveys for Cooley’s Water-Willow will focus on moist hardwood forests and rises in hammocks or swamps along the current Project route in Lake and Sumter Counties in Florida. In practice, such areas are limited to mesic woods, much of which is close to the stream crossings. Such areas will be surveyed when the plant is blooming and most recognizable (August to December). Surveys will focus on 150 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Florida filmy fern (Trichomanes punctatum spp. floridanum) The Florida filmy fern is a small fern with overlapping leaves and long, thin stems. Leaves are less than one inch long, filmy and delicate. Four other species of filmy fern occur in Florida and all are rare or endangered. Filmy ferns can be mistaken for moss, algae, or liverworts, but root-like hairs on creeping stems can be used to distinguish filmy ferns. It can be found on tree trunks in hammocks, edges of lime

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sinks, and on limestone boulders. This species is endemic to Florida and few populations of filmy ferns remain. Exotic plants, logging, mining, and wetland draining have been responsible for lowering the quality of Florida filmy fern habitat (FNAI, 2000). The Florida filmy fern is a candidate for federal listing and listed as endangered by the state of Florida. No critical habitat rules exist and consultations with the FNAI indicate that no records occur within the Project area. Lack of FNAI records does not automatically imply that the species isn’t present. Surveys will be conducted between January and December 2014 in appropriate habitat to determine if individuals are present in the Project vicinity. Florida filmy fern occurs on tree trunks in hammocks, and edges of lime sinks and limestone boulders, often in association with mosses and liverworts. Surveys will focus on potentially suitable areas in Sumter County, Florida. This species can be identified year round. Surveys will focus on 132 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Pygmy fringe tree (Chionanthus pygmaeus) This plant is a shrub or small tree, usually less than 10 feet tall, and is recorded as occurring in Lake, Polk, and Osceola Counties. It prefers scrub, sandhill, high pineland, xeric hammock, and transitional habitats, primarily associated with Lake Wales Ridge. Scrub habitat along the Project route in Lake, Polk, and Osceola Counties is limited. The Pygmy fringe tree is federally listed as endangered and also listed as endangered in Florida. This species was not identified during initial field surveys and species specific surveys for this plant are not proposed. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Scrub pigeon-wing (Clitoria fragrans) Scrub pigeon-wing is a perennial herb belonging to the pea family. It is federally listed as threatened and Florida listed as endangered. Its preferred habitat includes turkey oak barrens with wire grass, bluejack and turkey oak, scrub hickory, and scrub and scrubby high pine. Studies at Archbold Biological Station have documented positive post fire responses in flowering and vegetative growth of scrub pigeon-wing (Menges, 1997). Scrub habitat along the Project route in Lake and Polk County, Florida is limited. Scrub pigeon- wing was not observed during the field surveys, and the likelihood of its occurrence along the Project route is low, because it is a fire dependent species, and because only limited habitat to support its existence is found along the Project route. The fire regime of communities located along the Project route has been suppressed for a long time. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Okeechobee gourd (Cucurbita okeechobeensis ssp. okeechobeensis) The Okeechobee gourd is a vine with long, twisting tendrils and narrow stems. It runs over the ground and also grows on trees up to 40 feet high. Leaves are 6-8 inches, rough, deeply lobed, and toothed. The leaves are sometimes mottled with silver hairs on the veins on the underside of the leaf. Flowers are yellow, bell shaped, and 2.5-3 inches long. Typical habitat includes floodplain forests and it is endemic to central Florida. This species was once abundant in central Florida, but now it only occurs around Lake Okeechobee

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and along the St. Johns River (FNAI, 2000). The plants decline is largely contributed to the conversion of swamp forests to agricultural land and the loss of habitat around Lake Okeechobee (USFWS, 1999). The Okeechobee gourd is listed as endangered both federally and by the state of Florida. No critical habitat rules exist for this species. Consultations with the FNAI indicate that no records occur within three miles of the Project area. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Paper nailwort (Paronychia chartacea) This plant is a short-lived dioecious herb, forming small mats. Paper nailwort was recorded in Polk and Osceola Counties, Florida, associated with Lake Wales Ridge. The natural habitat for the paper nailwort is rosemary scrub, also known as the rosemary phase of sand pine. Within this scrub community, paper nailwort is more abundant in disturbed, sandy habitats, such as road rights-of-way and recently cleared or disturbed sites, such as along fire lanes or trails. The density of this plant species increases in relation to available open space (Hawkes and Menges, 1996). The paper nailwort is federally listed as threatened and listed in Florida as endangered. No critical habitat rules exist for this species. Consultations with the FNAI indicate that no records occur within three miles of the Project area. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Scrub plum (Prunus geniculata) Scrub plum is a scraggly, heavily branched shrub growing up to 6 feet tall, and FNAI recorded as occurring in Polk County. The scrub plum is federally and Florida listed as endangered. This plant prefers sandhill and sand pine-oak scrub xeric upland habitats on the Lake Wales Ridge of Central Florida. Scrub habitat along the Project route in Lake, Osceola, and Polk County is limited. Scrub Plum occurs in sandhill and oak scrub in central Florida. The species is fruiting in March to May, but the species is recognizable year round. Surveys scheduled in to occur in spring or summer 2014 will focus on 138 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Clasping warea (Warea amplexifolia) Clasping warea is an annual herb with slender branching stems approximately 12-40 inches tall. Leaves are two inches long, alternate, waxy, pale green, and heart shaped. The flowers are purplish-pink with four paddle shaped flowers that are about 0.5 inches wide. Carter’s mustard (Warea carteri) is a rare similar species to clasping warea, though the range is different. The flowering period for clasping warea is September-October, but seedlings can be identified as early as April. Clasping warea is endemic to central Florida and populations are threatened by vegetation clearing and fire suppression (FNAI, 2000). The former range included Lake County, Orange County, Osceola County, and Polk County, but today the majority of individuals are found in Lake County and it has been extirpated from much of its historic range. Habitat includes high pine and it depends on seasonal fires to clear canopy cover (USFWS, 1999). Clasping warea is federally and Florida listed as endangered. There is no designated critical habitat. FNAI indicates that individuals in Lake County may occur within eight miles of the Project area. Individuals may

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also occur in Polk County. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed and the agencies have not requested surveys for this species. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Carter’s warea (Warea carteri) Carter’s warea is an annual herb that grows in pinelands, scrubby flatwoods, scrub, and sandhill habitats along the Lake Wales Ridge and was FNAI recorded as occurring in Polk County, Florida. Carter’s warea is federally and Florida listed as endangered. Although none was observed during the field survey, some potential habitat to support this species exists along the Project route. Scrub habitat along the Project route in Lake, Osceola, and Polk Counties, Florida is limited. Fire management is a critical concern for this species, and prolonged intervals between fires are likely to result in the real loss of viable seeds from the seed bank and declines in population sizes. Scrub habitat along the Project route is likely not currently being fire-managed. As a result, species specific surveys for this species are not proposed and the agencies have not requested surveys. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Perforate reindeer lichen (Cladonia perforate) This lichen is known to occur in the high rosemary scrub habitats of Central Florida. It has been reported in Polk, Osceola, and coastal scrubs of Martin County. This lichen is usually conspicuous on white sand patches within scrub areas, dominated by scrub oaks and sand pines. Loss of scrub habitat and trampling by man and machines/vehicles are the primary reasons for its rarity. Many of the site locations where it has been found are currently protected, however. It does not survive in fire, even though the habitats it occurs in are fire-maintained. It is believed the open sand patches are refugia from the fires. The perforate reindeer lichen is federally and Florida state listed as endangered. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Short-leaved rosemary (Conradina brevifolia) This plant is a perennial shrub reaching up to 3.5 feet in height, which grows on the Lake Wales Ridge in Polk County. It inhabits white sand scrub with scattered overstory of sand pine and scrub oak in clearings with other endemic shrubs and herb scrub vegetation. Existing information on the natural fire regimes of various scrub communities suggest that the white sand, scrub oak-dominated vegetative complex, within which short-leaved rosemary is commonly found, generally requires periodic, patchy, high-intensity fires. Scrub habitat along the Project route in Polk County is limited. Short-leaved rosemary was not observed during the field survey, and the likelihood of its occurrence along the Project route is low, because it is a fire dependent species, and because only marginal habitat to support its existence is found along the Project route. The fire regime of communities located along the Project route has been suppressed for a long time. Short-Leaved Rosemary occurs in central Florida in sand pine scrub. The species is visible year round, but most individuals flower in spring. Surveys will focus on 13 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range.

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An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Avon Park hare-bells (Crotalaria avonensis) Avon Park hare-bells is a scrub-dependent species occurring in Polk County. This plant species inhabits scrub communities and prefers full sun, bare sandy soils, and may also grow along trails and previously disturbed roadbeds. Although none were observed during the field survey, potential habitat to support this species exists along the Project route. It is noteworthy that scrub habitat within the study area in Polk County is limited. Avon Park hare-bells is federally and state listed in Florida as endangered. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Highlands scrub hypericum (Hypericum cumulicola) This plant is a perennial herb found in sunny areas within oak and rosemary scrub. It is endemic to the Lake Wales Ridge of Polk County. Scrub habitat along the Project route in Polk County is limited. Highlands scrub hypericum was not observed during the field surveys, and the likelihood of its occurrence within the Project route is low, because it is a fire-dependent species, and because only marginal habitat to support its existence is found along the Project route. The fire regime of communities located along the Project route has been suppressed for a long time. The Highlands scrub hyperisum is federally and Florida state listed as endangered. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Florida blazing star (Liatris ohlingerae) Florida blazing star is a perennial herb, which grows on rosemary balds, especially edges transitional to oak scrub, scrubby flatwoods, and disturbed scrub and is known to occur in Polk County, Florida. The Florida blazing star is federally and Florida state listed as endangered. No individuals of this species were identified during initial field surveys and species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Scrub lupine (Lupinus aridorum) Scrub lupine is a biennial or perennial herb, recorded in Polk and Osceola Counties. This plant prefers open patches in sand pine and rosemary scrub and grows primarily in well-drained sandy white or occasionally yellow soils where the turkey oak woods have invaded the sand pine scrub. This species is not dependent on fire management as compared to other scrub-dependent plant species. Although none was observed during the field surveys, potential habitat to support this species exists along the Project route, although scrub habitat within the Project route in Polk and Osceola Counties is limited. Scrub lupine is federally and Florida state listed as endangered. No individuals of this species were identified during initial field surveys. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed.

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It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Florida jointweed (Polygonella basiramia) This species is a perennial herb and a member of the Florida scrub plant community. It occurs in openings in the scrubs dominated by rosemary, sand pine, other pines, and oaks, and was recorded in Polk County. Although none were observed during the field survey, potential habitat to support this species exists along the Project route. According to Hawkes and Menges (1995), the plant species’ primary need for successful reproduction and propagation is open sand habitat. With proper post construction practices, such as avoiding placement of sod and restricted or targeted use of herbicides, the Project should have no negative effects on the species. Florida jointweed is federally and Florida state listed as endangered. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Small’s jointweed (Polygonella myriophylla) This plant is a sub-shrub that spreads along the ground and forms low mats. It occurs in association within the Lake Wales Ridge and is recorded as occurring in Polk and Osceola Counties, Florida. Small’s jointweed is a member of the Florida scrub plant community and prefers dry white-sand scrub dominated by Florida rosemary, as well as oak scrub, flatwoods, roadsides, and occasionally sand hills. Potential habitat for its occurrence does exist along the Project route. Small’s jointweed is federally and Florida state listed as endangered. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Florida ziziphus (Ziziphus celata) This plant is a spiny shrub growing up to 6.5 feet tall. Florida ziziphus is endemic to the Lake Wales Ridge in Central Florida and occurs in Polk County, Florida. This plant, which was believed extinct until 1987, occurs on the periphery of turkey oak sand hills or yellow sand oak-hickory scrub communities. Recorded populations in the wild do not appear to reproduce. Ellis et al. (2007) concluded that the long-term persistence of Florida ziziphus populations requires the translocation of cross compatible genotypes to establish sexually reproducing populations. The Florida ziziphus is federally and Florida listed as endangered. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed and the agencies have not requested surveys. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Blushing Scrub Balm (Dicerandra frutescens modesta) Blushing Scrub Balm is a short-lived perennial shrub, about 1.6 feet (0.5 m) tall. Plants older than eight years are very uncommon based on long-term demographic data. The plants are branched at the base from

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a single taproot. Plants are generally killed by fire, although patchy fires allow survival of individual plants. Population recovery from complete fires is exclusively via dormant seeds in a persistent soil seed bank. Seed dispersal is very limited, and patches of post-fire plants are generally in the same locations as the pre- fire population. Scrub balm is found almost exclusively on well-drained yellow sands in Florida scrub dominated by oaks, especially myrtle oak. Some areas have abundant scrub hickory or sand pine. This species is not generally found in sandhill vegetation. Scrub balm also grows well in disturbed areas on appropriate soils, including roadsides, firelane edges, and power-line right-of-ways. Scrub balm is federally and state listed as endangered and is endemic to the Lake Wales Ridge in south-central Florida. Most populations are found on the southern Lake Wales Ridge from about Lake Placid. A few populations are found near Davenport in Polk County on the Lake Wales Ridge. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed and the agencies have not requested surveys. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. False Poison Sumac (Rhus michauxii) False Poison Sumac is a low-growing, densely hairy, dioecious shrub, mostly 0.98 to 1.97 feet (0.3 to 0.6 m) tall. Leaves are pinnately compound with seven-13 leaflets that are coarsely toothed. Female plants produce erect clusters of greenish-yellow to white four-five parted flowers and conspicuous red drupes. It flowers from April to June, and fruits persist from August through September or October. The False Poison Sumac occurs in sandy or rocky open woods, and sometimes in association with circumneutral soils. In the fall line sandhills region it occurs in submesic loamy swales. In the eastern Piedmont, it occurs on sand soils derived from granite. In the central Piedmont, it occurs on clayey soils derived from mafic. In all of its habitats, False Poison Sumac is dependent upon some form of disturbance to maintain the open quality of its habitat. Periodic, naturally occurring fires provided such disturbance historically. This species is listed federally listed as endangered and listed as endangered in Georgia and Florida. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed and the agencies have not requested surveys. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. 3.5.1.2 Alabama State Protected Species Project Mainline Eastern Floater (Pyganodon cataracta) The eastern floater is a state protected species found in several Alabama waterways. This mussel has a fragile shell that often exceeds 100 mm in length. The shell is elongate and elliptical in shape and the beak is often inflated and projects above the hinge line. The anterior is rounded, but the posterior margin tapers to a point. The shell is smooth and may have very faint green rays while the color varies from yellow to greenish-black. Internally, there are no lateral or pseudocardinal teeth and the nacre is white (Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program, 2007). This mussel is found in several different types of habitat that includes rivers, ponds, lakes, and wetlands. In riverine habitat it most often occurs in slow backwaters or pools with silt or other fine substrates. It also thrives is nutrient rich waters and in man-made ponds. Currently it is found in drainages throughout the east coast and is common and widespread throughout the majority of its range, though it is less common in southern drainages than in northern habitats (NatureServe, 2013). It is listed as a state partial status mussel and has no federal status (ALNHP, 2013). No records of historic presence were noted by the ALNHP in the Project area.

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It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. If and where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31, 2014 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Green Floater (Lasmigona subviridis) The green floater is a freshwater bivalve that exhibits a somewhat compressed to slightly inflated thin shell that is subrhomboid to subovate in shape. The periostracum is yellow, tan, dark green, or brown with dark green rays, and the nacre is white or light blue and sometimes pink near the beaks. The height to width ratio is greater than 0.48 and the beaks are low compared to the line of the hinge. There are two true lamellate pseudocardinal teeth and one relatively small interdental tooth in the left valve, as well as one long and thin lateral tooth in the right valve. They can grow to 2.3 to 2.5 in (5.8 to 6.4 cm) in length. Green Floaters were historically found throughout the Atlantic slope drainages including the upper Savannah. However, its range has retracted and it now occurs as disjunct populations in headwaters of coastal and inland rivers and streams of these drainages. They are found in small to medium-sized streams with sand and gravel bottoms and low current. The Green Floater spawns in August and releases glochidia the following June. It is considered a species of concern in Alabama. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. If and where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31, 2014 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Lilliput (Toxolasma parvus) The Lilliput mussel is small, rarely exceeding three cm in length. The shell color is a dark brown or dark green and does not have any rays. The texture of the shell is cloth-like. The most distinctive characteristic are the blade like pseudocardinal teeth found near the hinge and the long, thin lateral teeth. The nacre is a bluish white that is highly iridescent and the beak cavity is deep (Illinois Natural History Survey, 2013). This mussel is found in a wide variety of habitats similar to the eastern floater: ponds, lakes, rivers, and wetlands. It is usually found in mud, sand, or other fine substrate and is common throughout its range which includes all Gulf of Mexico drainages and the Mobile River drainage in Alabama (Auburn University, 2013). It is listed as a state partial status mussel in Alabama and has no federal status (ALNHP, 2013). No records of historic presence were noted by the ALNHP in the Project area. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31, 2014 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Alabama spike (Elliptio arca) The Alabama spike is highly polymorphic with different individuals of the species having different shapes and coloration. The Alabama spike is a medium sized mussel that has a maximum length of 76 mm with a thin elliptical shaped shell. The shell surface is olive-yellow and dark brown and the surface has a rough

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texture. Internally the nacre can also vary in color from salmon to a bluish white. Despite their phenotypic plasticity, the Alabama spike is rather distinct within its range due to its roughened shell surface, elliptical shape, and olive color (University of Georgia, 2008). This species is endemic to the U.S. and it is found in rivers in Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. However, its range has declined over the last 100 years and may be extirpated from much of its historic habitat in the future (iNaturalist, 2013). Currently this mussel can be found in the Conasauga River in Georgia, the Mobile River basin in Alabama, and the Pearl River in Mississippi (University of Georgia, 2008). It is listed as a state partial status mussel and it has no federal status (ALNHP, 2013). No records of historic presence were noted by the ALNHP. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys are scheduled between April 1 and October 31, 2014 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Sculptured pigtoe (Quadrula infucata) The sculptured pigtoe is a small mussel that measures from 30 mm to 55 mm in length and has a heavy, thick shell that is circular in shape. The outer shell can vary in appearance between individuals from dark black to greenish brown and the surface is usually marked by distinctive “V”-like ridges near the beak (University of Georgia, 2008). The posterior ridge is poorly defined and the umbo is low (not inflated). Internally, each valve has two pseudocardinal teeth and the nacre is bluish white (Aquatic Biology Laboratory J.W. Jones Ecological Research Center, 2007). This mussel is currently found in the main stem and tributaries of the Flint and Apalachicola Rivers and in the main stem of the Chipola River. The sculptured pigtoe is found in large rivers with moderate to swift current that have sand, gravel and sandy-mud substrates (Aquatic Biology Laboratory J.W. Jones Ecological Research Center, 2007). This species is rare within its range and has been extirpated from several historic habitat sites (University of Georgia, 2008). It is listed as a state partial status mussel in Alabama and has no federal status (ALNHP, 2013). No records of historic presence within three miles of the Project area were noted by the ALNHP. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys are scheduled between April 1 and October 31, 2014 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Gulf slabshell (Elliptio fumata) This mussel has an elongated shell and a yellowish-brown color. There is a noticeable posterior ridge and internally the nacre is a whitish-purple color (iNaturalist, 2013). Gulf slabshell is found in the Apalachicola basin of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia (iNaturalist 2013), and is listed as a state partial status mussel in Alabama, but has no federal status (ALNHP, 2013). No records of historic presence within three miles of the Project area were noted by the ALNHP. It is still being determined, through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies, where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys are scheduled between April 1

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and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Florida sandshell (Lampsilis floridensis) A medium to large sized mussel, the beaks of the Florida sandshell are anterior to the middle and are only slightly elevated above the hinge line. Both the posterior and anterior ends are rounded and the outer shell varies in color from yellow to light brown. Inside, the nacre is mostly white although the beak cavity may have a pinkish hue. There are no green rays as in other Lampsilis species (Mussel Project Database, 2013). This mussel is found in small streams and large rivers. Currently, it is found in the Apalachicola basin (Mussel Project Database, 2013). Florida Sandshell is listed as a state partial status mussel in Alabama and has no federal status (ALNHP, 2013). No records of historic presence within three miles of the Project area were noted by the ALNHP. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys are scheduled between April 1 and October 31, 2014 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Southern purple Lilliput (Toxolasma corvunculus) The southern purple Lilliput is similar to others in the Toxolasma genus. This mussel is small, less than 35 mm in length, and its outer surface can have a range of colors from black to blackish green. The shape is elongate and elliptical. The nacre is a deep purple color which distinguishes it from other species of Toxolasma (NatureServe, 2013). This species is endemic to the Mobile Basin and was once widespread, but now occurs in small localized populations. There is a lack of recent records regarding the distribution of this mussel, but it is believed to be very rare. Its habitat consists of creeks and rivers with sand or silt substrata in areas subjected to varying current velocity (NatureServe, 2013). It is listed as a state partial status mussel in Alabama and has no federal status (ALNHP, 2013). No records of historic presence within three miles of the Project area were noted by the ALNHP. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys are scheduled between April 1 and October 31, 2014 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Iridescent Lilliput (Toxolasma paulum) Like other Lilliput mussels, the iridescent Lilliput is small, does not exceed 30 mm in length, and the shell color can range from dark green to black. The umbo is next to the hinge line and is highly inflated (Aquatic Biology Laboratory J.W. Jones Ecological Research Center, 2007). This mussel is endemic to the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin and inhabits lakes and small to large rivers and creeks with sand, silt, and rock substrates (Aquatic Biology Laboratory J.W. Jones Ecological Research Center, 2007). It is listed as a state partial status mussel in Alabama and has no federal status (ALNHP, 2013). No records of historic presence within three miles of the Project area were noted by the ALNHP.

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It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys are scheduled between April 1 and October 31, 2014 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Apalachicola pondhorn (Uniomerus columbensis) The Apalachicola pondhorn mussel is resistant to desiccation and appears in rivers that are periodically dry. Species in Uniomerus are hard to identify since many share the same characteristics: a thin and smooth shell, yellow-dark brown coloration, and a posterior ridge with shallow grooves (Illinois Natural History Survey, 2013). This mussel is endemic to the Apalachicola River Basin and not much is known about its preferred habitat, but it is expected to be found in habitat similar to other mussel species (Encyclopedia of Life, 2013a). It is listed as a state partial status mussel in Alabama and has no federal status (ALNHP, 2013). No records of historic presence within three miles of the Project area were noted by the ALNHP. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys are scheduled between April 1 and October 31, 2014 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Downy rainbow (Villosa villosa) The downy rainbow is a small freshwater mussel (less than 2.5 inches long) with a thin, oval shaped shell. The beaks are often decorated with several fine ridges. The shell surface is greenish-yellow to black with faint blue, yellow, and green rays (University of Georgia 2008). This mussel is found in a wide variety of habitats that include spring fed streams, rivers, impound reaches, and in waters of varying turbidity. The current range includes the Apalachicola River drainage (Auburn University, 2013). It is listed as a state partial status mussel in Alabama, but has no federal status (ALNHP, 2013). The ALNHP has recorded historic presence of this mussel within three miles of the Project area and given its broad habitat preferences, it may occur in the Project vicinity. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys are scheduled between April 1 and October 31, 2014 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Southern elktoe (Alasmidonta triangulata) This species is expected to be the same as the triangle floater, Alasmidonta undulate, but genetic work is needed to confirm this for taxonomists. The shell is ovate and thicker at the anterior end than the posterior. The shell surface is yellowish-green with broad green or black rays. The posterior ridge is distinct. The maximum shell length is 75 mm (South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 2013). This mussel is restricted to the Apalachicola River basin, and in Alabama can be found in the Chattahoochee River system. This species is believed to be rare and populations are decreasing. The southern elktoe is found in large rivers in sand-mud substrate (IUCN, 2013). It is listed as a state partial status mussel in Alabama and in

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Georgia it is a state listed endangered mussel. It has no federal status (ALNHP, 2013). No records of historic presence within three miles of the Project area were noted by the ALNHP. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys are scheduled between April 1 and October 31, 2014 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Rayed creekshell (Anodontoides radiates) Rayed creekshell is a thin shelled mussel that reaches a maximum length less than five cm. The shells lack hinge teeth and the shell color is dark brown to bright green with conspicuous dark rays. This species is similar in look to the downy rainbow. The downy rainbow however has hinge teeth while the rayed creekshell does not (Auburn University, 2013). Interiorly, the nacre is bluish white and may have yellow spots (University of Georgia, 2008). The rayed creekshell is endemic to southeastern Gulf Coastal Plain streams and is found in waterways associated with the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River system. In Georgia, this freshwater mussel might be found in the Flint River system (University of Georgia 2008). It is listed as a state partial status mussel in Alabama and it is a state threatened mussel in Georgia. It has no federal status (ALNHP, 2013). No records of historic presence within three miles of the Project area were noted by the ALNHP. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys are scheduled between April 1 and October 31, 2014 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Brother spike (Elliptio fraternum) The shell of the brother spike is elongate and thin with a rounded anterior end and a well-developed posterior ridge that branches into two ridges near the posterior margin. The outer surface is smooth, shiny, reddish-brown and younger brother spike mussels have fine green rays: shell length is typically 65 mm (South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 2013). This species is found in the Savannah River Basin in Georgia and in the Chattahoochee River in Alabama and Georgia (South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 2013). It is listed as a state partial status mussel in Alabama, but has no federal status (ALNHP, 2013). The ALNHP does have one recorded historic occurrence of this mussel within three miles of the Project area. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys are scheduled between April 1 and October 31, 2014 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Inflated spike (Elliptio purpurella) The inflated spike is small; measuring only 1.6-2 inches long. Its shell is swollen, giving it a deep appearance, brown in color, and may be marked with dark green rays (University of Georgia, 2008). This

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mussel is endemic to the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin; however, recent surveys have only noted the inflated spike as being present in the Flint River in Georgia (University of Georgia, 2008). It is listed as a state partial status mussel in Alabama and in Georgia it is listed as a threatened mussel. It has no federal status (ALNHP, 2013). The ALNHP does not have any recorded historic occurrences of this mussel in the Project area. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys are scheduled between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the oval pigtoe. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Crystal darter (Crystallaria asprella) The crystal darter has a long slender body with large pectoral fins and a long snout. Adults may reach a length of 16 cm. Dark saddles (4-5) extend from the back down to the lateral line and give the darter a banded appearance. The body is fully scaled, with the exception of the breast (ADCNR, 2013). Living individuals are translucent and pale yellow in color above the lateral line. The upper lip is not separated from the head by a deep groove and is instead joined to the head by a narrow bridge of skin. The caudal fin is deeply forked (Missouri Department of Conservation, 2013). Crystal darter inhabits open channels of clear streams with clean sand and gravel bottoms and moderate- swift currents. It is found in the Mississippi River basin and its range begins in Minnesota and extends southward to Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. It is extirpated in much of its historic range (Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 2013). The crystal darter is listed as a state protected species in Alabama and a state threatened species in Florida. The ADCNR and the FNAI do not have any noted historic occurrences within three miles of the Project area. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys are scheduled between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Fish sampling techniques will generally follow the standard operating procedures (“SOP”) outlined by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (“GADNR”) for fish bio monitoring in wadeable streams (GADNR, 2005). This SOP was developed for the purpose of assessing overall community health and not for determining presence/absence of a particular species; therefore, modifications are necessary to ensure that the sampling effort is appropriately tailored to the life history characteristics of each target species: however, the general guidance of this document, as it pertains to sampling equipment, survey area, and seasonality are readily compatible and form the basis for our methodology. The survey extent will be positioned such that the Project route bisects the determined survey length. Survey length will be calculated as 35 times the mean stream width (“MSW”). MSW will be determined by averaging measured width (to the nearest 0.1 m) at a minimum of five randomly selected transects located within 50 meters upstream and downstream from the Project route. Fish surveys will generally be scheduled to occur during April through October 2014; although, this timeframe will remain flexible based on prevailing climatic conditions, namely temperature and rainfall. Surveys will not occur when water temperatures are below 10°C. Survey timing will also take into account both present and antecedent hydrologic conditions of the waterbody. When available, surveyors will consult United States Geologic Survey (USGS) stream monitoring gauges to determine whether the stage and flow are indicative of a stable regime. Surveys will only be scheduled only during periods when flow measures within the 25th - 75th percentiles.

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Fish and crayfish will be collected via single-pass backpack electrofishing using pulsed DC current produced from a Smith-Root LR-24 backpack electrofisher unit (“BPEF”) in accordance with conventional electrofishing techniques as described by Reynolds (1996). Streams with a MSW measuring 5-10 meters will be surveyed using a BPEF. Streams wider than 10 meters will be sampled by multiple BPEFs or with a barge electrofisher. Best professional judgment will be used to determine the exact number and type of electrofishing equipment necessary for the site conditions. A minimum of two surveyors will be used for single BPEF surveys; one to carry the BPEF and one to serve as dip netter. A minimum of five surveyors will be used for multiple BPEF surveys or during barge electrofishing surveys. Sampling will begin at the downstream-most end of the survey length and gradually progress upstream at a pace that allows all available habitats to be adequately sampled. Seine nets will be used in conjunction with electrofishing equipment to help ensure capture of all stunned animals. Seine nets will be posited at the downstream end of a stream feature (riffle, run, pool) prior to electrical sampling. In cobble-dominated riffles, the BPEF operator and dip netters upstream from the seine net will shuffle their feet against the substrate to dislodge any stunned fish that may be wedged amongst the rocks. A D-frame invertebrate dipnet will also be used to target crayfish within undercut banks, submerged aquatic vegetation, and inundated macrophytes. Stunned fish will be dip netted and held in a five-gallon bucket with routinely replenished water to await processing once the entire reach has been surveyed. During processing, readily identifiable fish will be identified to species, enumerated, examined for external anomalies, and mass-weighed by species before being released. Representative photographs of each species will be collected, as well as the general habitat conditions within the survey reach. Physiochemical data (pH, conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen) will be measured using properly calibrated YSI multi-parameter sondes. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Lipstick darter (Etheostoma chuckwachatte) The lipstick darter has conspicuous red spots along the sides, red lips, and a broad red band on the anal fin of adult males. Adults are 30-55 mm long and have small, terminal mouths (Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, 2013). Lipstick darters inhabit riffles of large streams with gravel, cobble, and boulder substrates and are endemic to the Tallapoosa River system in Alabama and Georgia (Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, 2013). The lipstick darter is listed as a state protected species in Alabama and a state endangered species in Georgia. It has no federal status. The ADCNR did record historic occurrences of this fish within the Project area, and given its broad habitat preferences, it is somewhat likely to occur in the project vicinity. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys are scheduled between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the crystal darter. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Halloween darter (Percina crypta) The Halloween darter differs from all other Percina species in having seven closely spaced, square, dark blotches on the sides and a yellow-orange band on the first dorsal fin. The caudal fin has three spots at the base with pale coloration between them. The pectoral fin rays are also notably dark and banded (FishBase 2013). The Halloween darter requires swift flowing water over rocky shoals and is frequently found with

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aquatic macrophytes. It is endemic to the Apalachicola River drainage and, in Alabama, occurs in the Chattahoochee River system (FishBase, 2013). The Halloween darter is listed as state protected in Alabama and threatened in Georgia. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys are scheduled between April 1 and October 31, 2014 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the crystal darter. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Seal salamander (Desmognathus monticola) Salamanders in the Desmognathus genus are very hard to identify due to their varied color patterns and coloration. For the seal salamander, color patterns vary greatly. Some individuals may be light gray to black or dark brown and have spots or streaks. Some may have no streaks or markings of any kind and many adults lose all traces of color variation. In Alabama especially, it is common to find individuals with little to no color patterns (ADCNR, 2013). The best way to identify a species in this genus is to look at range maps and then consult an identification guide (USGS, 2013). The seal salamander is a stout salamander with an average length of 5.5 inches and nearly half of its length is its tail. The latter part of the tail is compressed and keeled. There is often an abrupt transition from lighter colored belly and sides to the darker colored back. Juveniles may have well defined spots that run down the back (Wilson et al., 2013a). These salamanders are lung-less and breathe through the skin and the lining of the mouth (ADCNR, 2013). Seal salamanders are found in wet, cool spots along stream banks usually under rocks or bark. They can sometimes be found out in the open at night. Its range is from southwestern Pennsylvania to southwestern Alabama (USGS, 2013). The seal salamander is listed as state protected in Alabama. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Coachwhip (Masticophis flagellum) Coachwhips are one of the largest non-venomous snake species in the region and can reach over eight feet (244 cm) in length. Coloration can help in making field identifications, but coloration can vary wildly among individuals. Some have a black head that gradually fades to tan or grey at the tail while others may be tan, pink, or not have any color pattern. Some may also have irregular markings (Sonora Desert Museum, 2013). The tail is very slender and the pattern of scales gives it a whip-like appearance (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, 2013). The eyes are large and can also help in making field identifications. The coachwhip is a fast snake that has been clocked at 3.6 mph (Sonora Desert Museum 2013). Coachwhips are diurnal and are most often seen in hot weather when other snakes may be inactive. They are most common in open habitats with sandy soils such as pine forests, scrub habitat, open fields, and prairies. They are found throughout the southeastern United States, except in mountainous areas (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, 2013). The coachwhip is listed as state protected in Alabama. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed.

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It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Southeastern five-lined skink (Eumeces inexpectatus) The southeastern five-lined skink is a moderately sized lizard that measures from 12.5 cm to 21.5 cm in length. They are usually gray, brown, or black in color with five yellowish stripes. Young individuals have a blue tail and, in older individuals, the yellow lines may appear dull or faded (Savannah River Ecology Lab, 2013). Adult males may develop an orange coloration on their head during the breeding season (Wilson et al. 2013b). This species is very similar in appearance to the broad-headed skink, which also occurs within the Project area. The only way to distinguish between these species is to examine the scales. Broad headed skinks have five scales along the upper lip between the nose and eye while five-lined skinks have enlarged scales underneath the tail (Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, 2013). The broad headed skink is found in a wide variety of habitats, but is most common in dry environments where there are plenty of fallen trees and stumps for cover such as in dry pine forests. Though they can climb, individuals are most often found on the ground beneath logs or beneath tree bark. Their range is large and includes much of the southeastern states from North Carolina to Louisiana (Savanna River Ecology Laboratory, 2013). The southeastern five-lined skink is listed as state protected in Alabama. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Eastern kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula) The eastern kingsnake is a large dark colored snake with yellowish-white bands arranged in a chain-link pattern on the body (this species is also called the chain kingsnake due to this pattern). This banding may be absent in individuals from the mountains whose bodies may be completely black. The eastern kingsnake’s belly has yellowish-white patches. Kingsnakes are most active during the day and during the morning in the summer. Kingsnakes are also resistant to the venom of many viper species and readily consume copperheads and cottonmouths (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, 2013). Eastern kingsnakes are found in a wide variety of habitats, but are most commonly found near water (Wilson et al., 2013c). They are also found in open pine forests, swamps, wetlands, farmlands, and suburban areas, and are frequently found under some type of cover. They are found throughout the southeastern United States and as far north as New Jersey. Some herpetologists believe this species may be declining in coastal regions, especially in Florida and some kingsnake populations along the Savannah River have disappeared (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, 2013). The eastern kingsnake is listed as state protected in Alabama. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Barbour’s map turtle (Graptemys barbouri) Barbour’s map turtle is similar in size to the other map turtles with males having a carapace length of 4.7 inches and females 12.9 inches. The color of the carapace is greenish-brown, though individuals may be covered in algae, which can make identification difficult. The distinguishing characteristic of this species is the yellow-orange blotch on the top of the head that wraps around the back of the eyes. The underside of

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the head in adults also has a “t” shaped yellowish marking. Similar to the other two map turtles on this list, the carapace may also have back knobs on the vertebral scutes (Savannah River Ecology Lab, 2013). The dark colored and yellow striped skin is also characteristic of the map turtles (FWC, 2013). This species is found in several different aquatic habitats that include swift rivers with high turbidity, spring fed streams, floodplain waters, and rivers with low turbidity and limestone bedrock. Waters with calcium carbonate are known to support substantial populations (FFWCC, 2013). Basking is common so habitats with exposed rocks, tree branches, and stumps are preferred. The Barbour’s map turtle is one of the rarest map turtles in its range and it is currently found in southeast Alabama, southwest Georgia, and in the Florida panhandle (Savannah River Ecology Lab, 2013). The Barbour’s map turtle is listed as state protected in Alabama, threatened in Georgia, and a species of special concern in Florida. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Black Knobbed Map Turtle (Graptemys nigrinoda nigrinoda) Known as the Northern Black-Knobbed Sawback prior to 2001, the Black-Knobbed Map Turtle is found in the Alabama, Tallapoosa, Coosa, Cahaba, Tombigbee and Black Warrior Rivers. It is also found in the streams, creeks, and lakes connected or proximal to these rivers. This is a small to medium sized turtle; males are about 3.5 to 4.5 inches (8.9 to 11.4 cm) long as adults and females are about 6 to 8 inches (15.2 to 20.3 cm). This turtle is part of the Narrow Head group of map turtles and therefore is mostly an insect eater, but they are also opportunistic, so crustaceans and fish could also be eaten. It has the typical map turtle central keel that is exaggerated as a hatchling and slowly wears down with age, especially old females. However, of all the map turtle species it has the highest central keel. The plastral pattern consists of a few horizontal lines that occupies no more than a third of the plastral surface. It is associated with brush piles and trees that have died and fallen into the river. It spends much of the day basking on these fallen trees and quickly jumps into the water when approached. They seek refuge on the bottom of the river and in between the branches of the falling trees (Graptemys, 2014). This species is listed as protected in Alabama. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Coal skink (Plestiodon anthracinus) A medium sized lizard 12.5-18 cm in length, the coal skink is similar to other skinks in general morphology. The coal skink, however, lacks a stripe down the center of its back, which is unique to this skink within its range. Coal skinks also have broad black lateral stripes and a brown colored body. Younger skinks have blue tails and in some regions are called “scorpions” since they are thought to have a venomous sting. This is a myth, although the skink may be unpalatable to some predators (Wilson et al., 2013d). Coal skinks are rarely encountered and not much is known about their habitat requirements. They are most often found near stream edges and often under cover such as rocks and logs. They also live in mountainous regions and near rocky bluffs. Coal skinks are patchily distributed throughout the southeastern U.S. and are most common in mountainous regions in northern Georgia (Savannah River Ecology Lab, 2013). The Coal skink is listed as state protected in Alabama. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed.

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It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Bachman’s sparrow (Peucaea aestivalis) Bachman’s sparrow is a fairly large sparrow with a length of 5-6 inches and a weight of 0.8 ounces. They can be difficult to spot since they tend to hide in dense ground cover and their coloration does not particularly stand out. Adults have a series of alternating gray and brown vertical streaks running along the length of the back and a dark brown upper tail. The crown and nape are streaked with dark brown and a brown stripe extends behind the eye. The belly and underparts are white with no distinct markings. The bill is stout and gray while the legs are a dull yellow (National Audubon Society, 2013). These sparrows are found in areas with scattered scrubby vegetation and dense herbaceous understories, open pine and oak woods, overgrown fields, and overgrown hillsides (Missouri Department of Conservation, 2013). Bachman’s sparrow prefers open longleaf forests with dense groundcover consisting of grasses and forbs, but these habitats are in decline (FWC, 2013). The range of this bird is primarily in the southeastern U.S. The Bachman’s sparrow is listed as state protected in Alabama and rare in Georgia. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Meadow Jumping Mouse (Zapus hudonius) The Meadow Jumping Mouse is a small mammal approximately 9 in (22.9 cm) in length with large hind feet adapted for jumping, a long bicolor tail (which accounts for 60 percent of its length), and a distinct dark stripe down the middle of its back, bordered on either side by gray to orange-brown fur. The dark eyes are relatively small, the whiskers long, and the sparsely-haired, large ears partially hidden by the surrounding fur. Total length is about 8.5 inches (21.6 cm), and the average weight of an adult is 0.7 ounces (20.0 g). This largely nocturnal mouse lives primarily in heavily vegetated, shrub dominated riparian habitats and immediately adjacent upland habitats. These riparian areas include a relatively dense combination of grasses, forbs, and shrubs. The Meadow Jumping Mouse enters hibernation in September or October and doesn't emerge until May. Its diet changes seasonally and consists of insects, seeds, fungus, fruit and more. This species is of special concern in Alabama. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Southeastern pocket gopher (Geomys pinetis) A medium sized gopher reaching maximum lengths near 290 mm (11.6 in.), the pocket gopher is cinnamon- brown in color with a light gray ventral coloration. The tail is a pale white and hairless and averages 76 mm in length. The overall shape of the body is stout and cylindrical with short ears. The pocket gopher is well adapted for life underground, having large claws and small eyes (University of Florida, 2012). The southeastern pocket gopher needs deep well drained sandy soils in order to construct its tunnels. It is found most often in longleaf pine and pine-scrub habitats. Gophers are rarely seen on the surface and spend most of their time underground in tunnels, which can reach 525 feet in length. During construction, soil is pushed out of the tunnel and piles on the surface, which allows plants to access vital nutrients (University of Florida, 2012). Pocket gophers are found throughout the southeastern U.S. from central Florida to Alabama and Georgia. Within Alabama, they are found mostly in the Mobile Bay drainage area.

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The southeastern pocket gopher is listed as State Protected in Alabama and threatened in Georgia. No individuals were documented during initial field surveys. Based on initial desktop analysis, potential occurrence within the species range along the Project route includes Russell County in Alabama and Brooks and Dougherty Counties in Georgia. Based on Southern Wildlife Consults Survey of the Current Distribution of the Southeastern Pocket Gopher in Georgia submitted to GADNR (June, 2008), little information is available on current distribution and availability of suitable habitat. The results of the survey indicated a clear relationship between the presence of pocket gophers and longleaf and sandhill type habitats. In addition, longleaf pine forests converted to cropland, pasture or pine plantations may be less conducive to pocket gophers. According to the Southern Wildlife Consults (2008) survey, potential habitat in Georgia includes all counties intersected by the current Project route, and both historic and new locations were mapped in Brooks and Dougherty Counties. Surveys for the southeastern pocket gopher are scheduled in spring and summer 2014. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. 3.5.1.3 Georgia State-listed Species Project Mainline Delicate Spike (Elliptio arctata) The delicate spike is a small freshwater mussel that measures less than 3.15 inches (8.0 cm) in length. The shell is thin and elliptical or oval-shaped. The periostracum (outer shell surface) is dull yellowish green in young specimens and dark brown in older specimens. The surface is often marked with green rays. The nacre (inner surface of shell) is dirty white or purplish in appearance. Adult mussels are typically sessile and are found in the sand, cobble or gravel bottoms of large creeks and rivers with moderate to strong currents. This species is sometimes found in the bottom of rivers and creeks that are only 36 inches (0.9 m) deep. Adult mussels are filter feeders and usually feed upon plankton and detritus from their aquatic environment. Historically, this species was found in Atlantic Slope drainages from North Carolina to the Savannah River in Georgia. It was also found within the Appalachicola River system and Alabama-Coosa River systems of Georgia, Florida, Alabama and Tennessee. It has also been found within the Pearl River system of Mississippi. However, this species is fairly rare and has possibly been extirpated from portions of its historical range. In Georgia, it may be found in portions of the Flint, Chattahoochee and Conasauga Rivers. The Delicate Spike is uncommon or rare within Georgia. Like many freshwater mussels, this species has likely been adversely affected by excess sedimentation, pollution and destruction of its habitat (UGA, 2008). This species is listed endangered in Georgia. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys are scheduled between April 1 and October 31, 2014 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the crystal darter. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Muckalee crayfish (Procambarus gibbus) The muckalee crayfish is a light to dark brown colored crayfish with red-purple spots on the margins of the abdomen and a sharply pointed rostrum. The claws are dark with white tubercles and the claws can be longer during the breeding season. Adults can reach a maximum length over 4 inches (100 mm). This species is very similar to the white tubercled crayfish and both can be found in the lower Flint River (Georgia College, 2012). This crayfish is found in several different types of flowing water habitat and can

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often be found hiding under rocks, beneath wooden debris, and beneath undercut banks. The Muckalee crayfish only occurs in the Muckalee Creek system and Coolewahee Creek, both of which are part of the lower Flint River drainage area. The small range makes the Muckalee crayfish vulnerable to extirpation and invasive crayfish species are a primary concern of conservation biologists (Georgia College, 2012). The Muckalee crayfish is listed as threatened in Georgia. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys are scheduled between April 1 and October 31, 2014 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the crystal darter. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Dougherty plain cave crayfish (Cambarus cryptodytes) This species is a cave dwelling crayfish that crews are unlikely to encounter during field sampling. The crayfish is albino and translucent with small un-pigmented eyes and long claws that have 1-2 rows of tubercles. Total body length is less than 2.4 in. (60 mm). Very little is known about this species (University of Georgia 2008). This crayfish dwells in pools in cold, dark caves and is only known to inhabit a few caves in the Apalachicola River Basin. Because of its limited range, water quality degradation and habitat destruction are major concerns (University of Georgia, 2008). The Dougherty plain cave crayfish is listed as endangered in Georgia. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the crystal darter. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Grainy Crayfish (Procambarus verrucosus) The grainy crayfish is an olive colored crayfish with darker mottling and tan and orange sides. The carapace is often speckled with light colored spots that appear as though they had been etched into the surface. A broad, dorsal stripe down the center of the abdomen may range from brown to black. This stripe is bordered by alternating pairs of light and dark stripes, the last of which may contain the etched spots described above. Claws are brown with dark markings on top and lighter brown to orange underneath. The claws are rather delicate and weak, but male claws are larger and longer than female claws. The areola is moderately narrow. This species reaches a maximum total body length of over 3.5 in (8.9 cm). The grainy crayfish has been found in Chattahoochee and Stewart Counties in Georgia. It is found in the Upatoi Creek catchment, but only within tributaries south of the mainstem. It is found in wetlands associated with Ochillee Creek and other small creeks south of Upatoi Creek in Chattahoochee County. It has also been found along Hannahatchee Creek in Stewart County. The grainy crayfish is rare in Georgia due to its small geographic range. Disturbance or loss of wetland habitats is the most significant threat to the grainy crayfish (GAWildlife, 2008). The grainy crayfish listed as rare in Georgia. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the crystal darter. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application.

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Bluenose shiner (Pteronotropis welaka) The colors shown by breeding males make the bluenose shiner one of the most distinctive minnows in North America. It is a small shiner measuring 1.3-1.9 inches (33-48 mm) in length. The body color is olive- green with a dark lateral band that extends to the tail and another amber band above the dark band. The enlarged dorsal and anal fins are also brightly colored. Adult males have blue coloration on the snout (ADCNR, 2013). Bluenose shiners typically inhabit quiet backwaters and vegetated pools in streams and large rivers with abundant aquatic vegetation and sandy substrate. They occur mainly in the Apalachicola River basin (ADCNR, 2013). The bluenose shiner is listed as threatened in Georgia and a species of special concern in Florida. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the crystal darter. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Bluestripe Shiner (Cyprinella callitaenia) The bluestripe shiner is an elongate, slender minnow with a slightly compressed body. The head is small, with an inferior, oblique mouth and a long, blunt snout. Breeding males are steel-blue with iridescent pink flecks above the lateral stripe. The dorsal fin is iridescent green in the center and is edged in blue and then white. The paired fins and caudal fin are edged in white, as is the greenish yellow anal fin. The adults range in size from two to three inches (5 to 7.6 cm). This species is endemic to the Apalachicola River basin, where it occurs in the Chattahoochee and Flint River drainages. In Alabama it is found only in the Chattahoochee River drainage, including Halawakee and Uchee creeks. The Bluestripe Shiner lives in rivers, reservoirs, and large tributaries with slow to moderate currents over sand and gravel substrates. Spawning occurs from May to June, primarily over rocky crevices or other hard substrates. This species is listed as rare in Georgia. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the crystal darter. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Broadstripe Shiner (Pteronotropis euryzonus) The broadstripe shiner is endemic to the middle section of the Chattahoochee River drainage in Alabama and Georgia. Individuals have been collected from several western tributaries to the Chattahoochee in Alabama. The body of the broadstripe shiner is laterally compressed and deepest at the origin of the dorsal fin. Its head is small and somewhat triangular, with a blunt snout and a small, oblique mouth. A broad, dark lateral band extends from the tip of the snout to the base of the caudal fin. The lips and chin are dark. Breeding individuals have a bright orange caudal fin. The lateral band is bluish gray and bordered above by a narrow orange stripe. The anterior tip of the dorsal fin is bright yellow-green, while the venter and lower flanks are pale. The broadstripe shiner is typically found in small, clear streams (sometimes in blackwater streams) and is commonly associated with log snags or aquatic vegetation over substrates of sand, clay, silt, or exposed bedrock. This species is listed as rare in Georgia. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where

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required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the crystal darter.

An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Goldstripe Shiner (Etheostoma swaini) The Goldstripe Darter is a generally small, robust fish reaching about three inches (7.6 cm) maximum total length and has a short, rounded snout. The lateral line is straight and nearly complete, with just a few un- pored scales. The gill membranes are moderately connected and a frenum is present. This darter has a light- colored stripe along the lateral line, as well as a dark suborbital teardrop, two to four dark spots vertically aligned at the base of the caudal fin, and numerous small spots on the upper side of the body and fins. Larger individuals may have 10-12 brownish blotches along the sides. Goldstripe darters are generally found in small streams and spring seeps and runs associated with aquatic vegetation, organic debris (such as wood and leaves), or slow-moving riffle habitats. In Georgia, the goldstripe darter is known from areas below the Fall Line in the Chattahoochee, Flint, Ocmulgee, and Oconee river systems. The goldstripe darter is vulnerable to habitat destruction and water flow depletion in small stream habitats and spring runs, which occur as a result of poor development practices and failure to employ Best Management Practices for forestry and agriculture. The small streams in which this species occurs are particularly vulnerable to habitat degradation. This species is listed as rare in Georgia. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the crystal darter. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Highscale Shiner (Notropis hypsilepis) The Highscale Shiner is a slender, compressed minnow reaching 2.5 inches (6.4 cm) total length, and is characterized by large eyes set high on the head, a small subterminal mouth, and a blunt snout. The dorsum is pale yellow, with the uppermost scales darkly outlined. A broad, clear stripe lays over a narrower, dusky stripe along the sides. This dark lateral band continues onto the snout. At the base of the caudal fin is a wedge-shaped spot that is distinctly separated from the lateral stripe. The anterior lateral-line scales are elevated, meaning that the exposed portion of the scale is much higher than it is wide. Lateral line scales are also punctuated with black pigment. There are seven anal fin rays and a pharyngeal tooth count formula of 2-4-4-2. Highscale Shiners are primarily found in tributary streams, often near stream confluences with larger rivers. These shiners inhabit runs and pools over sand and bedrock substrates primarily in the Chattahoochee and Flint river systems of Georgia and Alabama, from the headwaters of these systems to just below the Fall Line. Highscale shiners have a limited range and occur uncommonly. Habitat loss in the upper Chattahoochee and Flint River systems as a result of tributary impoundment for water-supply reservoirs and intensive development, plus the corresponding sediment and contaminant input, threaten the Highscale Shiner's survival. This species is listed as rare in Georgia. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the crystal darter.

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An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Spotted Bullhead (Ictalurus serracanthus) The Spotted Bullhead is a small, strikingly marked catfish that attains a maximum total length of nine inches (23 cm). It is a member of a group of bullhead species that has a black blotch in the base of the dorsal fin and a relatively large eye. The spotted bullhead is distinguished by profuse, round light-colored spots of pupil-sized diameter on the dark body. The body and fins are suffused with yellow, and the spots thus appear to be yellow. Barbels are dusky to dark. The spotted bullhead is known from mainstem and large tributaries. It prefers rocky substrates with moderate currents, and has been collected occasionally over mud near vegetation or other structures such as old stumps in impounded portions of rivers. The spotted bullhead is known from the Coastal Plain province in the Suwannee, Ochlockonee, and Apalachicola and St. Andrews Bay drainages in Alabama, Florida and Georgia, which are associated with the limestone regions of these states. Georgia populations are known from the Apalachicola, Ochlockonee and Suwannee River drainages (Georgiawildlife, 2009). This species is listed as rare in Georgia. This species is listed as rare in Georgia. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the crystal darter. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Suwanee Bass (Micropterus notius) The Suwanee Bass is a heavy-bodied bass seldom exceeding 12 inches (30.5 cm) long. A mature Suwannee Bass has bright turquoise-blue coloring on the cheeks, breast, and ventral parts. The upper jaw does not extend beyond the eye. A pattern of dark vertical blotches occurs along the lateral line. There is generally a distinct dark blotch where the lateral line meets the tail fin. Originally restricted to the Suwannee and Ochlockonee rivers, they now are in the Santa Fe, Ichetucknee, St. Marks, Aucilla and Wacissa systems. They prefer rapidly flowing water along rocky shoals. This species is listed as rare in Georgia. This species is listed as rare in Georgia. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the crystal darter. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Georgia blind salamander (Haideotriton wallacei) Blind salamanders are small (5.1-7.6 cm), paedomorphic (adults keep larval characteristics), and adapted to aquatic life in caves. They have no eyes and very little coloration on the body, but the long external gills are red. They have a broad head and very small legs (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, 2013). They subsist on small aquatic invertebrates such as amphipods (FFWCC, 2013). Blind salamanders are only found in a small section of southwest Georgia and northwestern Florida. They live in caves and aquifers and are almost never seen above ground (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, 2013). The Georgia blind salamander is threatened in Georgia and a species of special concern in Florida. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed.

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It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Alabama Map Turtle (Graptemys pulchra) The Alabama Map Turtle is found in the Alabama, Tombigbee, Tensaw, Black Warrior and Coosa Rivers. In Georgia it is found in the Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers. It is also found in many of the streams, lakes and creeks that are proximal or connected to these rivers. This is a medium to large sized turtle; males are about 3.5 to five inches (8.9 to 12.7 cm) long as adults and females are about 5.5 to 11.5 inches (14.0 to 29.2 cm). This turtle is part of the Broad Head group of map turtles and therefore is mostly a crustacean (mollusk) eater, but they are also opportunistic so insects (especially males and juveniles) and fish could also be eaten. It has a domed shell keel that is exaggerated as a hatchling and slowly wears down with age, especially old females. This turtle lives in large sandy or muddy rivers as well as in rocky streams. Juveniles and males prefer brush piles along the sides of the river. Basking tends to be on large stems of trees instead of small branches (Graptemys, 2014). This species is listed as protected in Alabama and rare in Georgia. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Mimic Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus mimicus) The Mimic Glass Lizard is a long, slender, limbless lizard superficially resembling a snake, relatively recently described (Palmer, 1987). Glass lizards are distinguished from snakes by the presence of a lateral fold along each side of body, moveable eyelids, a pair of ear openings, and scales reinforced with bony plates (osteoderms), making their bodies feel relatively rigid. Only counting scale rows along the lateral fold can positively identify Mimic Glass Lizards. Dorsal color ranges from tan to brown and may or may not have light and dark speckling. Usually a mid-dorsal dark stripe is found on the body and most of tail, but may be faint. Narrow, lateral stripes are present on most of the tail and above a fold on the posterior portion of the body. Lateral stripes occurring below the fold are faint. Vertical bars may be present on the side of the neck, while the belly is pale. The habitat of the Mimic Glass Lizard includes endangered longleaf pine-wiregrass ecosystem, pine flatwoods, savannas, and hillside seepage bogs. A grassy groundcover is characteristic of most of the habitats harboring all glass lizard species. This species is a species of concern in Alabama and listed rare in Georgia. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Southern hognose snake (Heterodon simus) Southern hognose snakes are small (around 24 inches in length) snakes with very distinctive upturned snout. They are gray, tan, or red in color with a series of dark blotches running down the back; they are never solidly colored like the eastern hognose. Juvenile snakes may have more reddish coloration (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, 2013). Currently this species is found in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Hognose snakes are found in agricultural areas, suburban areas, coastal dune habitats, pine flatwood, and other habitat with sandy well drained soils (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, 2013).

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The southern hognose snake is state protected in Alabama and threatened in Georgia. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Swallow Tailed Kite (Elanoides forficatus) The Swallow Tailed Kite is a graceful bird of prey, with long pointed wings and deeply forked tail; head and underparts white; back, wings, and tail black. This bird is approximately 22-24 inches (55.9 to 61.0 cm) tall with a four-foot (1.2-m) wingspan. The Swallow Tailed Kite breeds mainly on or near coasts from Texas east to Florida, and north to South Carolina. It catches much of its insect food on the wing, snatches lizards from the trunks of trees, eats what it has caught while flying, drinks by skimming the surface of ponds and marshes, and even gathers nesting material by breaking dead twigs from the tops of trees as it flies past. Formerly more abundant, this distinctive bird historically nested as far north as Minnesota and Illinois, but habitat destruction and indiscriminate shooting reduced it to its present range. This species is listed as rare in Georgia. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Rafinesque's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) Rafinesque's big-eared bat is a medium-sized bat with rabbit-like ears. Their ears are about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) long, and are able to be curled backwards over the shoulders. Young bats have gray fur, but they acquire their adult fur three months after birth. The adult color of their fur is grayish brown on top and whitish beneath. Each hair in the stomach has a dark brown base and white tips. The hairs in the long toe extend past the claws. Rafinesque’s big-eared bats weigh between 0.25 and 0.46 ounce (7 and 13 g). Adult females are heavier than the adult males. The average weight for females is 0.32 ounce (9.1 g) and the average weight for males is 0.29 ounces (8.1 g). Adult bats are only 4 inches (10.2 cm) long but they have a wingspan of 11 inches (28.0 cm). Rafinesque’s big-eared bats have a prominent nose, and two large facial glands protrude on the side of its snout. Rafinesque's big-eared bat roosts in caves, mines, and hollow trees. They also roost in man-made structures such as abandoned buildings, wells, and bridges. Rafinesque’s big-eared bats are capable of immediate flight when disturbed. Their range extends from the southern parts of Indiana, Illinois, and Ohio to the southeastern United States, and they are found from the eastern part of Texas to North Carolina, although they are most common in the Coastal Plain. This species is of special concern in Alabama and rare in Georgia. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. 3.5.1.4 Florida State-listed Species Project Mainline Lake Eustis pupfish (Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi) The lake Eustis pupfish is a small (two to three inches long) stout, deep-bodied fish with clear dorsal and caudal fins. The body color is beige to olive with dark stripes and a white dorsal surface. The dorsal surface is iridescent blue in males during the breeding season in the spring. This species only occurs in a group of interconnected lakes that form the headwaters of the Oklawaha River. It only inhabits narrow, shallow zones of shoreline that are exposed to heavy wave action and are also usually devoid of vegetation. Although populations are stable, the habitat is limited (FNAI, 2001h). The Lake Eustis pupfish is listed as a state species of special concern by the FWC and has no federal status. FNAI records do not indicate that

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this species exists within three miles of the pipeline proposed route and given its narrow habitat requirements, this species is unlikely to occur in the Project vicinity. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Tessellated darter (Etheostoma olmstedii) The tessellated darter is a slender, moderately large (63 mm-102 mm) darter with a general brown coloration and distinct X-shaped dark markings along the side. In breeding males, the second dorsal fin is enlarged. This species is found in small to medium sized streams and in areas where the current is slow. They are not limited to any specific substrate type. Although it is common throughout much of its range, in Florida the tessellated darter is found regularly only at Orange Creek (FNAI, 2001i). The tessellated darter is listed as a state species of special concern by the FWC and has no federal status. FNAI records do not indicate that this species exists within three miles of the pipeline proposed route and given that it is only consistently found at one site in Florida, it is unlikely that it occurs in the project vicinity. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Carolina gopher frog (Rana capito) The Carolina gopher frog is a moderate-sized frog that can grow between 64 to 112 mm (2.5 to 4.4 inches) in body length. They have a large head and short hind legs. The back color ranges from light brown to dark gray to dark brown. Dark, irregular blotches and warts of various sizes cover the Carolina gopher frog’s back (Jensen, 2008). The Carolina gopher frog is listed as a species of special concern by the FWC. It is typically considered a commensal species to the gopher tortoise. Therefore, habitat requirements tend to be xeric upland habitats that support gopher tortoise populations. FNAI records exist for this animal for several counties crossed by the pipeline route, including two in Polk County. One occurrence of the gopher frog recorded by FNAI is less than 0.5 miles away from the proposed project centerline. Wherever xeric habitats and gopher tortoise burrows are found, there is a moderate likelihood for this species to be present. Coordination with the FWC for this species will be concurrent with negotiations related to the gopher tortoise. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Santa Fe Cave Crayfish (Procambarus erythrops) The Santa Fe Cave Crayfish (Procambarus erythrops), also known as the Sim’s Sink crayfish, is a white mid-sized crayfish with red-toned eyes (FNAI, 2001). It can reach a length of 3.5 inches (8.9 cm). Males capable of reproduction are found between the months of January and July, with mating occurring between March and July. There is no data on spawning or the amount of young produced, as no egg-bearing female has ever been found (NatureServe Explorer, 2010; Franz, 1994). Santa Fe cave crayfish inhabit groundwater areas in caves and sinkholes in southern Suwannee and southwestern Columbia counties in Florida (Florida Natural Areas Inventory 2001, Franz 1994, Franz et al. 1994, (NatureServe 2010), Tom Morris pers. comm. 2010). Habitat degradation seems to be the biggest threat to the Santa Fe cave crayfish. The change of its habitat’s water system and weathering rock flows can potentially threaten the Santa Fe cave crayfish population (NatureServe, 2010). Other threats include the dumping of garbage in vulnerable areas, pollution of groundwater, and the effects of mining on the position of the water table (FNAI, 2001).

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The Santa Fe Cave Crayfish is a State Species of Special Concern in Florida. It is still being determined through review of the field data and coordination with the agencies where or if aquatic surveys for this species will be necessary. Where required, surveys will occur between April 1 and October 31 to determine if individuals are present. Aquatic survey protocols will follow those detailed for the crystal darter. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Florida pine snake (Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus) The Florida pine snake is large snake that can grow longer than 70 inches. The ground color ranges from yellowish tan to white with dark brown or reddish markings which typically form saddles on top. A row of smaller blotches run along each size. The belly is white to yellow and the head markings often include a dark band across the eyes (Jensen, 2008). The Florida pine snake is listed as a species of special concern by FWC. It prefers longleaf pine/xeric oak woodlands and may use gopher tortoise burrows, similar to a number of other listed wildlife species. Although records exist in Polk County, there are no FNAI records for this species within the Project area, and there is a low potential for it to occur there due to lack of suitable habitat. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Short Tailed Snake (Lampropeltis extenuata) The Short Tailed Snake, also known as the Short Tailed King Snake, is an extremely slender gray snake with a blotched or spotted pattern. The 50 to 80 dark brown to black spots down the middle of the back alternate with dark spots on the sides. The light-colored spaces between the black spots on the back often have an orange center, giving the impression of an indistinct orange stripe running down the back. The belly is white with dark blotches. The blunt head is very small and roughly the same diameter as the body, and the crown is dark brown or black. The tail is short, comprising no more than 10 percent of the snake's total length. There are 19 dorsal scale rows at midbody, and the scales are smooth. The pupils are round. The juveniles are likely similar to the adults due to the species being rarely seen because it is a burrowing snake. The Short Tailed Snake occurs throughout much of upland northern central Florida, west of the St. Johns River. Endemic to Florida, this species is listed by the State of Florida as a threatened species because it is restricted to limited habitats and urban development has affected these areas. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Suwannee cooter (Pseudemys concinna suwaniensis) The Suwannee cooter is a medium to large-sized (17 inches) freshwater turtle with a nearly all black carapace with fine yellow markings and an orange-yellow plastron with some black pigment. The fine yellow lines on the carapace form concentric circles. The head and neck are dark with yellow stripes and the iris of the eye is often light blue-green. This turtle is found in rivers and large streams often with dense aquatic vegetation. It basks extensively on logs and floating vegetation mats and nests in high banks and bars above the floodplain. It is found in Gulf coastal rivers from the Tampa Bay area westward to the Ochlockonee River. It is nearly restricted to Florida, but it may extend somewhat upstream the Suwanee River system into Georgia. Although populations have declined, populations are overall stable throughout its range (FNAI, 2001j). The Suwanee cooter is listed as a species of special concern by FWC. FNAI does have records of historic occurrence within three miles of the proposed mainline route.

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Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) The American Oystercatcher is a large, boldly patterned bird found along ocean shores and salt marshes. It is among the largest of North American shorebirds, measuring up to 18 inches (45.7 cm) in length, and weighing 21 ounces, with a 32.0- in (81.3- cm) wingspan. This bird specializes in feeding on bivalves and uses its brightly colored bill to get at them. During the breeding season, American Oystercatchers can be found in coastal habitats including sand or shell beaches, dunes, saltmarsh, marsh islands, mudflats, and dredge spoil islands made of sand or gravel. During migration and winter, look for them feeding in mud or sand flats exposed by the tide, or on shellfish beds. These conspicuous birds tend to roost on beaches, dunes, or marsh islands near their foraging sites, and rarely venture far inland (Audubon, 2014). This species is of special concern in Florida. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) The Brown Pelican is about four feet in length. It has a brown and gray body and a white head with a light brown crown. Its neck is dark brown during breeding season. Young pelicans are all brown. The Brown Pelican has a very long gray bill with a large pouch of skin, which pouch holds two or three times more than its stomach can hold -- close to three gallons of fish and water. Males and females look the same. The Brown Pelican can be found on the Atlantic, Pacific and Gulf Coasts. On the Atlantic Coast, it can be found from North Carolina south to Venezuela. The brown pelican can be found in coastal areas like sandy beaches and lagoons, as well as around waterfronts and marinas. This species is of special concern in Florida. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Marian’s Marsh Wren (Cistohorus palustris marianae) Marian’s Marsh Wren is a small wren that can reach a length of five inches (12.7 cm). This species of marsh wren has a dark brown neck, upper back, head, wings, and tail, and a light brown belly. As with all marsh wrens, they have a white band above their eye and a white-streaked black triangle on their back (FNAI, 2001). Marian’s Marsh Wren inhabits marshes dominated by black needle rush (Juncus roemarianus) and cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) on the Florida Gulf coast. This marsh wren species can be found from Pasco to Escambia County, Florida, and into southwest Alabama. Habitat destruction and fragmentation are the main threats. Marian’s Marsh Wrens are listed as a threatened species in Florida. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Florida burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia floridana) The burrowing owl is a Florida state listed species of special concern that prefers xeric pastures with low vegetation. Potentially occupied habitat for Florida burrowing owls includes high areas with low growing grass/forb groundcover and areas of sparsely vegetated, sandy ground. The Project route crosses some dry

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pastures and croplands. Two records exist of burrowing owl occurrence along the Project route (one each in Polk and Osceola Counties) according to FNAI. No Florida burrowing owl individuals or burrows were documented during initial field surveys. Based on initial desktop analysis, potential occurrence within the species range along the current Project route includes Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Lake, Levy, Marion, Orange, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, and Suwannee Counties. According to Wood (2001), determining presence or absence and abundance can be effectively achieved via widely spaces walking transects. Therefore, and due to the similar habitat types and belt transect survey methodology, surveys for the Florida burrowing owl will take place in conjunction with the initial 15 percent gopher tortoise survey in Florida. Surveys will be conducted during daylight hours when weather is conducive to observing owls outside their burrow, avoiding surveys during heavy rain, high winds, or dense fog. As stated by Wood (2001), the accuracy of survey data can be affected by the time of year and time of day that surveys occur. Though Florida burrowing owls can be active year round, the species is more active during the breeding season (February 15 to July 10), and surveys are intended to be completed during this timeframe for the most effective results. Individual burrows will be classified as active when owls are in attendance but also when observed burrows are decorated with shredded paper, tinfoil or other debris. Locations of all observed burrows will be obtained with a handheld GPS unit. Additional notes will include numbers of breeding pairs and any juveniles, flight paths, and behavior. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Little Blue Heron (Egretta caerula) The Little Blue Heron is a bird approximately 18 inches in length. As a juvenile, it is white with dusty wingtips with greenish yellow legs and a whitish bill. As an adult, it is slate blue with greenish legs and a gray bill (Kale and Maehr, 2008). This wading bird is listed as a species of special concern by FWC and is found in suitable wetlands throughout Florida. The little blue heron prefers freshwater habitats for foraging and is likely to be found foraging in suitable habitats along the Project route. FNAI has one record of a known little blue heron location along the Project route in Okeechobee County. Field surveys found three locations of this bird, all in Okeechobee County. Colonial wading birds will be surveyed by helicopter using similar methods described for wood storks. If discovered, Sabal Trail will work with the agencies to determine if time of year restrictions need to be put in place to avoid disrupting breeding populations. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) The Snowy Egret is a bird that can grow to 24 inches in length. It is all white with a thin black bill, black legs, and yellow feet (Kale and Maehr, 2008). FWC lists snowy egrets as a species of special concern. This wading bird is widely distributed throughout Florida in both fresh and saltwater systems. The snowy egret is likely to occur in wetlands along the Project route and was documented along the Project route by the current survey efforts. Colonial wading birds will be surveyed by helicopter using similar methods described for wood storks. If discovered, Sabal Trail will work with the agencies to determine if time of year restrictions need to be put

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in place to avoid disruptance to breeding populations. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Tricolored Heron (Egretta tricolor) The Tricolored Heron is a bird that can grow to 26 inches in length. It has blue-gray upperparts and a white neck and belly (Kale and Maehr, 2008). The tricolored heron is listed by FWC as a species of special concern. This wading bird species prefers estuarine habitats but can be found foraging in almost any wetland system. It may occur in wetlands along the Project route but has not been documented there by FNAI. Colonial wading birds will be surveyed by helicopter using similar methods as those for wood storks. If discovered, Sabal Trail will work with the agencies to determine if time of year restrictions need to be put in place to avoid disrupting breeding populations. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. White Ibis (Eudocimus albus) The White Ibis is a bird that can grow to 25 inches in length. As a juvenile, it is brown with white underparts. As an adult, it is all white with black wingtips and red decurved bill and legs (Kale and Maehr, 2008). The white ibis is one of the most common wading birds in Florida, but FWC lists it as a species of special concern. Large flocks of this bird are often seen foraging in shallow marshes or wet pastures. The white ibis is likely to occur in suitable wetlands along the Project route and was observed during field surveys. Colonial wading birds will be surveyed by helicopter using methods similar to those for wood storks. If discovered, Sabal Trail will work with the agencies to determine if time of year restrictions need to be put in place to avoid disrupting breeding populations. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Southeastern American Kestrel (Falco sparverius paulus) The Southeastern American Kestrel is a small bird of prey approximately 10 inches in length. It has a russet back and tail with two facial stripes (Kale and Maehr, 2008). The southeastern American kestrel is listed as threatened by the FWC. This small falcon is the resident subspecies of American Kestrels that breeds in Florida. The more common northern migrant is seen commonly in the winter months perching on snags and power lines along road sides in central Florida. The open habitats found along the Project route provide good foraging habitat for this bird, so there is a high likelihood southeastern American kestrels could be found there. No southeastern American kestrels have been observed within the Project ROW, but initial field surveys occurred outside of the appropriate survey window for the species. Based on an initial desktop analysis, potential species occurrence along the Project route includes Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, Madison, Marion, Orange, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, and Suwannee Counties. According to Stys (1993), based on FLUCFCS, the following habitats are considered to have potential to support southeastern American kestrels: recreational land, improved pasture, unimproved pasture, woodland pasture, specialty farms, other open lands, herbaceous rangeland, coniferous forest, pine flatwoods, longleaf xeric-oak, pine-mesic oak, xeric oak, hardwood-conifer mixed, mixed hardwood, forest regeneration areas, rural land in transition without positive indication of intended activity, and burned areas. The FWC Ecology and Habitat Protection Needs of the Southeastern American Kestrel (Falco sparverius paulus) on Large-Scale Development Sites in Florida, Nongame Wildlife Technical Report No 13 (Stys

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1993) will be utilized for guidance, but specific methodologies will follow recommendations for a modified survey based on initial discussions with FWC Orlando office. Proposed methodologies are summarized below. Prior to surveying, based on the available FLUCFCS within the current Project ROW, a total of 3,986 acres of potentially suitable and potentially occupied habitat was identified within the existing upland communities in Florida. The primary goal of our proposed methodology is to determine the number, if any, of southeastern American kestrels or kestrel pairs within the current surveyed route and mapping of nest sites. A single occurrence of a combination of vehicular and pedestrian transects will be conducted throughout the previously identified potentially suitable habitat. Transect length and distance between transects will vary based on existing vegetative conditions. Surveys are currently in progress (April – August) in 2014 during the morning hours, on calm, clear days. For driving transects, a driving speed of 10 – 25 mph is being maintained, varying in response to terrain, road condition, and visibility. Pedestrian transects are being walked at a steady pace. Biologists are looking for and recording any signs of kestrel activity including kestrels perched on fencerows, telephone poles and lines, and trees, kestrels flying or hovering or where kestrels were exhibiting courtship, breeding, or territorial defense behaviors. Biologists will locate and investigate potential nest sites on foot. Although longleaf pine snags are the most utilized for nesting, the biologists are examining possible nest sites in all types of trees or utility structures. Measurements at a nest site include tree species, stage of decay, and nest tree health. If the nest site is in a man-made structure, the type of structure, physical state of structure and location of the nest within or on the structure is being noted. Kestrel sightings will be recorded on field maps and GPS coordinates will be collected. Flight paths and landing locations will also be recorded along with behavioral and vocalization notes. The key end products of this methodology will include the following data to be provided to the FWC, including:  Information sheet including field survey dates, start and end times, survey daily weather information, total number of kestrel observations, and all kestrel observations.  Aerial photograph depicting the current Project route, potentially suitable mapped habitat locations, pedestrian and vehicular survey tracks, any kestrels observed while conducting the survey or any other time including flight directions, and confirmed nest sites. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Limpkin (Aramus guarauna) The Limpkin is a bird that can grow to 26 inches in length. It has a brown body streaked with white and a slightly decurved bill (Kale and Maehr, 2008). FWC lists the limpkin as a species of special concern. It is generally common in central and south Florida, where it inhabits freshwater marshes, swamps, lake and river margins, swales, strand swamps, sloughs, and impoundments. It has been found in all five counties crossed by the Project route. The likelihood of occurrence within Project area is considered moderate due to the prevalence of these habitats there, although there are no FNAI records of this species within the Project area. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the Project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application.

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Florida Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis pratensis) The Florida Sandhill Crane is a large bird that can grow to 40 inches in length. It has a gray or brown body and, as an adult, a red crown and lores (Kale and Maehr, 2008). The Florida sandhill crane is listed as threatened by FWC. The crane prefers marshes for nesting and pastures, wet prairies, or farm fields for foraging. Given the abundance of potential habitats along the Project route, the likelihood of occurrence of this species is considered high. There is one known FNAI record for this species in Okeechobee County in the Project area. Two observations were also made by field crews in Polk County. The Florida sandhill crane was observed and reported on four separate occasions during initial field surveys of the Project route in Lake and Sumter Counties. The survey methodology is utilizing aerial helicopter surveys as this is the most effective technique available for large area surveys. The surveys will follow the methodology outlined for wood stork surveys. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Florida Mouse (Podomys floridanus) The Florida Mouse’s upperparts are buff-cinnamon or buff-brown mixed with dusky hairs. There is a bright orange-cinnamon wash down each side at the junction with the all-white parts. Its feet are white. The tail is between 3 and 3.5 inches (Brown, 1997). The Florida mouse resides in xeric upland communities with sandy soils, including scrub and longleaf pine- xeric oak. They are recognized as a commensal to the gopher tortoise, commonly found residing in tortoise burrows. In the absence of gopher tortoises, Florida mice will dig their own burrows. Gopher tortoises occur along the Project route, and the potential for the Florida mouse to occur there is moderate, although FNAI reports no records of it within the Project area. The Florida mouse is considered a species of special concern by FWC. Coordination with the FWC for this species will be concurrent with negotiations related to the gopher tortoise. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Sherman’s Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger shermani) Sherman’s Fox Squirrel is larger than the eastern gray squirrel and occurred in several dorsal color phases, including grizzled brown, brownish orange, gray-brown, blackish brown, steel gray, or all black. The tail is very long, bushy, and variable in color depending on the phase (Brown, 1997). FWC lists Sherman’s fox squirrel as a species of special concern. It inhabits dry pine flatwoods, xeric oak, or sandhill communities, which are common along the Project route. There are no FNAI records of this species within the Project area, but it was observed by wildlife survey crews on the Project. Four Sherman’s fox squirrels were documented during initial field surveys in Lake, Gilchrist, and Sumter Counties, Florida. Based on initial desktop analysis, potential occurrence within the species range along the current Project router includes Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, Madison, Marion, Orange, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, and Suwannee Counties. Potentially occupied habitat for Sherman’s fox squirrel includes open, mature, upland pine-oak communities in addition to bottomland, upland forests, and cypress dome and strands when adjacent to or interspersed within a pine-oak community. Suburban parks and golf courses and a number of pine-oak improved pastures may also be utilized by the species (Wood, 2001).

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According to Wood (2001), due to the fox squirrel’s size and striking color patterns in combination with the fact that they occupy relatively open habitats, the animals are typically conspicuous when present. For this reason, the initial belt transects to locate gopher tortoise burrows will also be effective in documenting the presence of Sherman’s fox squirrels. In open habitats transects will be spaced approximately 300 feet apart and in denser habitats, transects will be spaced according with regard to range of visibility. Sherman’s fox squirrels can be observed year round, but peak periods of breeding activity occur between May and July and again in December and January. During breeding time vocalizations are frequent and male and female individuals interact with one another during mating chases. If Sherman’s fox squirrels are present during the breeding season, and in areas where the species has previously been documented, experienced biologists will locate nest sites within the current Project route utilizing foot investigations. Locations of Sherman’s fox squirrels will be obtained with a handheld GPS unit. Additional notes will include numbers of individuals or breeding pairs and any observed behaviors. Nest site locations along the Project route will also be recorded using a handheld GPS unit. Foraging areas will also be mapped, if known. If a nest site is believed to be in a location outside of the current Project route, approximate location will be recorded on a field map. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. 3.5.1.5 Additional State Listed Species or Species of Concern Occurring Along the Hunters Creek Line Route Roseate spoonbill (Platalea ajaja) The roseate spoonbill is a bright pink bird with a flat spoon-like bill. Immature birds are white and acquire the pink coloration as they mature. The roseate spoonbill is the only spoonbill native to the Western Hemisphere and the only pink bird that breeds in Florida. It primarily nests in colonies on coastal mangrove islands and forages in shallow waters that include tidal flats and coastal marshes. Nesting occurs from March-July in peninsular Florida. It breeds along the coasts of central and south Florida and along the coasts of Texas, Cuba, and the Bahamas. Most breeding sites occur in protected public lands, though populations are vulnerable to human disturbance during nesting season. A 330-foot buffer is recommended around nesting colonies (FNAI, 2001). The roseate spoonbill is a species of special concern in Florida and has no federal status and no status in Alabama or Georgia. According to FNAI records, no historic locations occur within three miles of the Hunters Creek Route. Colonial wading birds will be surveyed by helicopter using similar methods described for wood storks. If discovered, Sabal Trail will work with the agencies to determine if time of year restrictions need to be put in place to avoid disruptance to breeding populations. An effects determination and mitigation measures (if necessary) will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. 3.5.1.6 Additional State Listed Species or Species of Concern Occurring Along the Citrus County Line Route Scott’s seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus peninsulae) Scott’s seaside sparrow is a large, dark sparrow with a long bill and a short tail. The plumage is dark gray with a distinctive yellow streak in front of the eye. Yellow is also present at the base of the wings and the throat is white with black streaks. Typical habitat includes tidal marshes dominated by cordgrass or needle rush. Current range for Scott’s seaside sparrow includes Pasco County and several scattered sites around Franklin County. Although populations are stable, much of the available coastal marsh habitat is under

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threat from dredging and the spread of invasive woody vegetation also threatens the quality of coastal sparrow habitat (FNAI, 2001). Scott’s seaside sparrow is listed as a species of special concern in Florida, but it has no federal status. Given the narrow habitat requirements of the sparrow, it is unlikely to occur within three miles of the Citrus County line route. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Least tern (Sternula antillarum) The least tern is a member of the tern and gull family. It is about nine inches in length with a predominantly gray body and black streaking on the head. The least tern has a forked tail and narrow pointed wings. Its diet consists primarily of fish and small invertebrates. The least tern inhabits areas along the coasts of Florida as well as areas around rivers. The least tern faces several threats as human population along the coasts increases and coastal development increases. Increases in numbers of predators due to larger amounts of available food and trash is also a concern (FWC, 2014g) Populations of least tern in Great Plains states are federally listed as endangered, but populations in Florida near the Project only have state status as threatened. According to FNAI records, no historic locations occur within three miles of the Citrus County Route, but there is one record of occurrence four miles away from the proposed route. This species could occur within the Project area, though the probability is unlikely. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Black skimmer (Rynchops niger) The black skimmer is a coastal waterbird with a red, black-tipped bill and red legs. The bills lower mandible is longer than the upper and the whole bill is laterally compressed like a knife. The top of the head and the upper sides of the wings are black while the forehead and underparts are white. Typical habitat includes coastal waters such as beaches, bays, and estuaries. They may also be found near large inland lakes and flooded agricultural fields. It nests on sandy beaches and small coastal islands. Currently, an estimated 1,500-2,000 breeding pairs are active throughout their range. Primary threats to this species include coastal development and predators such as raccoons and gulls (FNAI, 2001). The black skimmer is listed as a species of special concern in Florida. According to FNAI records, no historic locations occur within three miles of the Citrus County Line. Since it is found in coastal and inland habitat, it could occur within the project vicinity, though the probability is unlikely. Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. Homosassa shrew (Sorex longirostris eionis) The Homosassa shrew is a small shrew that has reddish brown fur and a tail that extends at least a half inch beyond the length of the back leg. It typically lives in the forests and forested wetlands of the northern two- thirds of peninsular Florida (USFWS, 2014). The Homosassa shrew is listed as a species of special concern in Florida. According to FNAI records, no historic locations occur within three miles of the Citrus County Route.

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Species specific surveys for this species are not proposed. It is assumed that the project will have “no effect” on this species. This determination will be submitted for review and concurrence by the agencies. An update will be provided in the resource reports to be filed with the Project Application. 3.6 Migratory Bird Treaty Act Migratory birds are species that nest in the U.S. and Canada during the summer, and then migrate south to the tropical regions of Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean for the non-breeding season. Migratory birds are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S. Code 703-711; [“MBTA”]). Bald and Golden Eagles are additionally protected under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (16 U.S. Code 668-668d). Executive Order 13186 ([“EO”] 13186) (66 Federal Register 3853) directs federal agencies to identify where unintentional take is likely to have a measurable negative effect on migratory bird populations and to avoid or minimize adverse effects on migratory birds through enhanced collaboration with the USFWS. EO 13186 states that emphasis should be placed on species of concern, priority habitats, and key risk factors, and that particular focus should be given to addressing population- level impacts. According to the USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern 2008, the project is located within Bird Conservation Regions 29 (Piedmont), 27 (Southeastern Coastal Plain), and 31 (Peninsular Florida). Typical species within this region are noted in Table 3.6-1. On March 30, 2011, the USFWS and the Commission entered into a Memorandum of Understanding that focuses on avoiding or minimizing adverse effects on migratory birds and strengthening migratory bird conservation through enhanced collaboration between the two agencies. This voluntary Memorandum of Understanding does not waive legal requirements under the MBTA, BGEPA, ESA, Federal Power Act, Natural Gas Act, or any other statutes and does not authorize the take of migratory birds. Construction activities that occur during the nesting season for migratory birds (generally April 1- August 31) could result in direct and indirect effects on non-sensitive migratory birds. Examples of potential effects include habitat loss, disruption of foraging adults, and abandonment or destruction of active nests. The proposed Sabal Trail Project may have a short-term effect on migratory species of birds that may nest in or near the construction areas. Construction of the Project pipeline facilities, new compressor and M&R stations are expected to occur over a one year period to accommodate multiple work locations. The work is scheduled to start in June 2016 and be completed by May 2017. The proposed construction areas represent a small portion of the available nesting habitat in the vicinity. In addition, Sabal Trail has designed the Project in a manner so as to minimize potential effects to migratory birds and will take other measures during Project construction and operation to limit migratory bird effects. These measures include:  routing Project facilities to avoid sensitive resources where possible;  maximizing the use of existing pipeline and utility ROWs;  limiting the construction and operation ROW widths to the minimum necessary;  conducting mitigation for effects to sensitive resources (e.g., wetlands) through agency permit conditions;  adherence to the measures outlined in the Sabal Trail Project E&SCP during construction of the Project facilities; and  limiting routine ROW maintenance clearing and prohibiting clearing during the migratory bird nesting season (April 15 to August 1).

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A significant portion of the Project facilities will be within existing pipeline corridors, and other utility ROWs, consequently tree clearing activities will be minimal, limited in scope, and spread over the entire Project area. Given the limited amount of disturbance and the predominance of open areas associated with construction of the Project facilities, it is unlikely that construction would have an adverse effect on migratory birds. 3.7 References [ADCNR] – Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. 2005. Eastern Indigo Snake. Accessed 19 March 2014 at: http://www.outdooralabama.com/watchable-wildlife/what/Reptiles/Snakes/eis.cfm ADCNR. 2013. Watchable Wildlife. Accessed 19 September 2013 at: https://www.outdooralabama.com/watchable-wildlife/ ADCNR. 2014. Flatwoods Salamander. Accessed 20 March 2014 at: https://www.outdooralabama.com.watchablewildlife/Amphibians/Salamanders/fs.cfm [AFC] – Alabama Forestry Commission. 2014. Relict Trillium. Accessed 20 March 2014 at: http://www.forestry.state.al.us/PDFs/ResourceSheets/Plants/Relict_Trillium.pdf Alabama State Water Program. 2014. Watershed Management in Alabama. Accessed online January 30, 2014 at: http://www.aces.edu/waterquality/themes/watershed.htm. [ALNHP] – Alabama Natural Heritage Program. 2013. Alabama Inventory List: The Rare, Threatened, & Endangered Plants & Animals of Alabama. Auburn, AL. 99pp. Accessed 18 March 2014 at: http://www.alnhp.org/track_2013.pdf Aquatic Biology Laboratory J.W. Jones Ecological Research Center. 2007. Survey and Identification for Freshwater Mussels in the Lower Flint River Basin. Accessed September 2013 from http://www.jonesctr.org/education_and_outreach/educator_resources/Flint_mussel_manual_May 07_compressed.pdf Auburn University. 2003a. Pleurobema decisum. Accessed 17 March 2014 at: http://www.auburn.edu/academic/science_math/cosam/collections/invertebrates/collections/speci es/unionoida/Pleurobema%20decisum/index.htm. Auburn University. 2003b. Pleurobema georgianum. Accessed 18 March 2014 at: http://www.auburn.edu/academic/science_math/cosam/collections/invertebrates/collections/speci es/unionoida/Pleurobema_georgianum/index.htm Auburn University. 2003c. Elliptoideus sloatlanus. Accessed 18 March 2014 at: http://www.auburn.edu/academic/science_math/cosam/collections/invertebrates/collections/speci es/unionoida/elliptoideus_sloatlanus/index.htm Auburn University. 2013. Invertebrates species pages Unionoida. Accessed September 2013 at: http://www.auburn.edu/academic/science_math/cosam/collections/invertebrates/collections/speci es/unionoida/index.htm Bailey, R.G. 1995. Description of the ecoregions of the United States, second edition. Accessed 8 March 2014 at: http://www.fs.fed.us/land/ecosysmgmt/index.html. Blankenship, E.L., B.P. Butterfield, J.C. Godwin. 2008. Black-Knobbed Map Turtle, Black-Knobbed Sawback. Chelonian Research Monographs No. 5: 1-6. Bionessie. 2013. Odorless bayberry. Accessed 19 September 2013 from http://www.bionessie.org/angiosperms-docots/391-odorless-bayberry.html

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Botanical Society of America. 2013. The Pitcher Plants. Accessed 19 September 2013 from http://www.botany.org/carnivorous_plants/Sarracenia_psittacina.php Brim Box, J. and J.D. Williams. 2000. Unionid Mollusks of the Apalachicola Basin in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia. Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History 21: 1-143. Brown, Larry N. 1997. A Guide to the Mammals of the Southeastern United States. University of Tennessee. Knoxville, TN. Carlson, S., Lawrence A., Blalock-Herod, H., Mcafferty, K. and Abbot, S. 2008. Freshwater Mussel Survey Protocol for Southeastern Atlantic Slope and Northeastern Gulf Drainages in Florida and Georgia. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service / Georgia Department of Transportation. Online resource accessed January 5, 2014 at: http://www.fws.gov/panamacity/resources/Mussel%20Survey%20Protocol%20April%202008.pdf Center for Plant Conservation. 2013. Stylisma pickeringii. Accessed 19 September 2013 from http://www.centerforplantconservation.org/Collection/CPC_ViewProfile.asp?CPCNum=4157 Chafin, L.G. 2007. Field Guide to the Rare Plants of Georgia: Marl Spleentwort. Accessed 19 September 2013 at: http://books.google.com/books?id=0p9_9vADFf0C&pg=PA53&lpg=PA53&dq=Marl+Spleenwo rt&source=bl&ots=bFsU1X2G4I&sig=GVCgUJFrYLUYn4z5rQ4cxU8NHPQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei =5_A6UpmNCtTJ4AO9rYGwBw&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Marl%20Spleenwort &f=false. 529 pp. Coder, K.D. 1994. Federally Protected Species Fact Sheets for the Southeastern United States. Accessed 11 September 2013 at: http://warnell.forestry.uga.edu/service/library/index.php3?docID=359&docHistory%5B%5D=5& docHistory%5B%5D=202&docHistory%5B%5D=359&docHistory%5B%5D=61 Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States. FWS/OBS-79/31, Washington, D.C. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 2013. All About Birds. Accessed 11 September 2013 from http://www.allaboutbirds.org/Page.aspx?pid=1189 DeLaney, K.R., and R.P. Wunderlin. 1989. A new species of Crotalaria (Fabaceae) from the Florida Central Ridge. Sida 13:315-324. Diamond, Alvin R. 2006. Ecology of Rudbeckia auriculata (Perdue) Kral (Asteraceae). Accessed 12 September 2013 at: http://etd.auburn.edu/etd/bitstream/handle/10415/526/DIAMOND_ALVIN_34.pdf?sequence=1 Dodd, Jr. Kenneth. 1993. Cost of living in an unpredictable environment: the ecology of striped newts Notophthalmus perstriatus during a prolonged drought. Copeia 1993:605-614. Ellis, M.M., C.W. Weekley, and E.S. Menges. 2007. Evaluating stability in Ziziphus celata, a highly endangered clonal shrub endemic to Lake Wales Ridge, central Florida. Endangered Species Research 3: 125-132. Encyclopedia of Life. 2013a. Uniomerus columbensis Apalachicola Pondhorn. Accessed 16 September 2013 from http://eol.org/pages/4750150/details Encyclopedia of Life. 2013b. Whitetop pitcherplant. Accessed 12 September 2013 from http://eol.org/pages/584635/details

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[FWC] – Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. 2013a. Florida’s Endangered and Threatened Species. Accessed 18 March 2014 at: http://myfwc.com/media/1515251/threatened_endangered_species.pdf FWC. 2013b. Gopher Tortoise. Accessed 11 September 2013 at: http://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/profiles/reptiles-and-amphibians/reptiles/gopher-tortoise/ FWC. 2013c. Gopher Tortoise Permitting Guidelines. Tallahassee, Florida. FWC. 2013d. Listed Reptiles. Accessed September 2013 at: http://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/imperiled/profiles/reptiles/ FWC. 2014a. Oval pigtoe. Accessed 17 March 2014 at: http://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/imperiled/profiles/invertebrates/oval-pigtoe/ FWC. 2014b. Gulf moccasinshell Medionidus penicillatus. Accessed 18 March 2014 at: http://myfwc.com/media/2211667/Gulf-Moccasinshell.pdf FWC. 2014c. Chipola slabshell Elliptio chiplolaensis. Accessed 19 March 214 at: http://myfwc.com/media/2211655/Chipola-Slabshell.pdf FWC. 2014d. Squirrel Chimney Cave shrimp Palaemonetes cummingi. Accessed 20 March 2014 at: http://myfwc.com/media/2211697/Squirrel-Chimney-Cave-Shrimp.pdf FWC. 2014e. Florida bonneted bat Eumops floridanus. Accessed 25 March 2014 at: http://myfwc.com/media/2211842/Florida-Bonneted-Bat.pdf FWC. 2014f. Whooping crane Grus americana. Accessed 25 March 2014 at: http://myfwc.com/media/2211514/Whooping-Crane.pdf. FWC. 2014g. Least tern Sternula antillarum. Accessed 31 March 2014 at: http://myfwc.com/media/2211460/Least-tern.pdf [FNAI] – Florida Natural Areas Inventory. 1990. Natural Communities. Accessed 9 April 2014 at: http://fnai.org/natcom_accounts.cfm FNAI. 2000. Online Field Guide to the Rare Plants and Animals of Florida. Accessed 21 September 2014 at: http://www.fnai.org/FieldGuide/index.cfm FNAI. 2001a. Oval pigtoe. Accessed 17 March 2014 at: http://www.fnai.org/FieldGuide/pdf/Pleurobema_pyriforme.pdf FNAI. 2001b. Fat threeridge Amblema neislerii. Accessed 18 March 2014 at: http://myfwc.com/media/2211661/Fat-Threeridge.pdf FNAI. 2001c. Ochlockonee Moccasinshell Medionidus simpsonianus. Accessed 18 March 2014 at: http://fwcg.myfwc.com/docs/ochlockonee_moccasinshell.pdf FNAI. 2001d. Chipola slabshell Elliptio chipolaensis. Accessed 19 March 2014 at: http://www.fnai.org/FieldGuide/pdf/Elliptio_chipolaensis.pdf FNAI. 2001e. Striped Newt Notophthalmus perstriatus. Accessed 19 March 2014 at: http://www.fnai.org/FieldGuide/pdf/Notophthalmus_perstriatus.pdf FNAI. 2001f. Highlands Tiger Beetle Cicindela highlandensis. Accessed 25 March 2014 at: http://fwcg.myfwc.com/docs/highlands_tiger_beetle.pdf FNAI. 2001g. Florida Black Bear Ursus americanus floridanus. Accessed 27 March 2014 at: http://www.fnai.org/FieldGuide/pdf/Ursus_americanus_floridanus.pdf

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FNAI. 2001h. Lake Eustis Pupfish Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi. Accessed on 28 March 2014 at: http://www.fnai.org/FieldGuide/pdf/Cyprinodon_variegatus_hubbsi.pdf FNAI. 2001i. Tessellated darter Etheostoma olmstedi. Accessed 28 March 2014 at: http://www.fnai.org/FieldGuide/pdf/Etheostoma_olmstedi.pdf FNAI. 2009. Pondspice (Litsea aestivalis) Population Status and Response to Laurel Wilt Disease in Northeast Florida. Accessed 25 March 2014 at: http://www.fs.fed.us/r8/foresthealth/laurelwilt/resources/pubs/Litsea_DOF_report- Surdick2009.pdf [GADNR] – Georgia Department of Natural Resources. 2005. Part I: Standard Operating Procedures for Conducting Biomonitoring on Fish Communities in Wadeable Streams in Georgia. Online resource accessed January 5, 2014: http://www.georgiawildlife.com/sites/default/files/uploads/wildlife/fishing/pdfs/streamsurvey/SO P_Part1.pdf GADNR. 2010. Georgia Rare Species and Community Data. Accessed 18 March 2014 at: http://www.georgiawildlife.com/node/1366 Georgia College. 2012. Crayfishes of Georgia. Accessed 19 September 2013 at: http://www.gcsu.edu/crayfishes/index.htm [GAEPD] – Georgia Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division. 2008. Getting to Know Your Watershed. Accessed online January 30, 2014 at: http://www.georgiaadoptastream.com/Manuals_etc/Watershed/Watershed.pdf GAEPD. 2013. Chattahoochee River Basin Watershed Protection Plan. Accessed 7 April 2014 at: http://www.gaepd.org/Documents/chatt.html Georgia Museum of Natural History. 2008a. Fine-lined Pocketbook Lampsilis altilis. Accessed 17 March 2014at:http://naturalhistory.uga.edu/~GMNH/gawildlife/index.php?page=speciespages/ai_species _page&key=laltilis Georgia Museum of Natural History. 2008b. Ovate clubshell Pleurobema perovatum. Accessed 17 March 2014 at: http://naturalhistory.uga.edu/~GMNH/gawildlife/index.php?page=speciespages/ai_species_page &key=pperovatum Georgia Museum of Natural History. 2008c. Southern clubshell Pleurobema decisum. Accessed 17 March 2014 at: http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:HvPRdRhqX8QJ:naturalhistory.uga.edu/ ~GMNH/gawildlife/index.php%3Fpage%3Dspeciespages/ai_species_page%26key%3Dpdecisum +&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us Godwin, J.C. 2001. Black-knobbed sawback (Graptemys nigrinoda denticola). Report at the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, 15 pp. Griffith, Glenn E. and James M. Omernik (Lead Authors); Mark McGinley (Topic Editor). 2008. "Ecoregions of Florida (EPA)." In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [First published in the Encyclopedia of Earth October 16, 2008; Last revised December 11, 2008; Retrieved February 23, 2010]. [GRN] – Georgia River Network. 2014a. Flint River. Accessed 8 April 2014 at: http://garivers.org/other- georgia-rivers/flint-river.html

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GRN. 2014b. Ochlockonee River. Accessed 8 April 2014 at: http://garivers.org/other-georgia- rivers/ochlockonee-river.html Hawkes, C.V., and E.S. Menges. 1996. The relationship between open space and fire for species in a xeric Florida shrubland. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 123: 81-92 Hipes, D., D.R. Jackson, K. NeSmith, D. Printiss, and K. Brandt. 2001. Field Guide to the Rare Animals of Florida. Florida Natural Areas Inventory. Accessed 20 March 2014 at: http://www.fnai.org/FieldGuide/index.cfm IUCN. 2013. Alasmidonta triangulate. Accessed September 2013 from http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/189371/0 Jensen, John B. 2008. Amphibians and Reptiles of Georgia. University of Georgia. Athens, Georgia. Jerome, J. 2004. Polyodon spathula, Animal Diversity Web. Accessed September 2013 from http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Polyodon_spathula/ JSTOR Global Plants. 2013. Global plants. Accessed 19 September 2013 from http://about.jstor.org/global-plants. Kale, H.W., and David S. Maehr. 1990. Florida’s Birds: A Handbook and Reference. Pineapple Press. Sarasota, Florida Koller, G.L. 1997. Leitneria floridana: a shrub for wet woodland conditions, Arnoldia, Spring: 14-20. Accessed 19 September 2013 from http://arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu/pdf/articles/1997-57-1- leitneria-floridana-a-shrub-for-wet-woodland-conditions.pdf Kuchler, A.W. 1964. Potential Natural Vegetation of the Conterminous United States. Accessed online 8 April 2014 at: http://databasin.org/datasets/1c7a301c8e6843f2b4fe63fdb3a9fe39. Lakela, O. 1963. Dicerandra immaculata Lakela, sp. nov. (Labiatiae). Sida 1(3):184-185. Lanahans, P.N. Aspects of the life history of the southern black-knobbed map, Graptemys nigrinoda denticola Folkers and Mount. Master’s Thesis, Auburn University, Alabama. Laschet, Matt. 2014. Electronic mail correspondence from Matt Laschet, United States Fish and Wildlife Service to Jason Lancaster, TRC on January 30, 2014. Layne, J.N., and T.M. Steiner. 1996. Eastern indigo snake (Drymarchon corais couperi): summary of research conducted on Archbold Biological Station. Report prepared under Order 43910-6-0134 to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Jackson, Mississippi. [LBJWC] – Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. 2014. Calycanthus floridus profile. Accessed 28 March 2014 at: http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=CAFL22 Livergood, Audra. 2014. Electronic mail correspondence from Audra Livergood, National Marine Fisheries Serivce, to Jason Lancaster, TRC, on January 28, 2014. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2013. Rare Plants of Louisiana: Croomia. Accessed 12 September 2013 at: http://www.wlf.louisiana.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/fact_sheet_plant/32126- Croomia%20pauciflora/croomia_pauciflora.pdf. [MBG] – Missouri Botanical Garden. 2010. Dicerandra cornutissima. Accessed 21 March 2014 at: http://www.centerforplantconservation.org/collection/cpc_viewprofile.asp?CPCNum=1402. Menges, E. 1997. Meeting discussion, 23 January, 1997.

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Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. 2013. Rare Species Guide. Accessed September 2013 from http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/rsg/index.html. Missouri Department of Conservation. 2013a. Crystal Darter. Accessed September 2013 from http://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/crystal-darter. Missouri Department of Conservation. 2013b. Bachman’s sparrow. Accessed 11 September 2013 from http://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/bachmans-sparrow. Murdock, N. and D. Rayner. 1990. Recovery plan for Canby’s dropwort [Oxypolis canbyi (Coulter & Rose) Fernald]. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, GA, 25 p. Mussel Project Database. 2013. The Mussel Project Website. Accessed 16 September 2013 from http://mussel-project.uwsp.edu/. Mylavarapu, Rao, Kelley Hines, Thomas Obreza, and Greg Means. 2013. Watersheds of Florida: Understanding a Watershed Approach to Management. Accessed January 30, 2014 at: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss568. U.S. Department of Agriculture, UF/IFAS Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A & M University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. NatureServe. 2013. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Accessed 19 March 2014 at: http://explorer.natureserve.org/index.htm [NMFS] – National Marine Fisheries Service. 2012. Annual Commercial Landing Statistics. Accessed 8 April 2014 at: http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/st1/commercial/landings/annual_landings.html NMFS. 2014. NOAA Habitat Conservation-Habitat Protection-Essential Fish Habitat Mapper v3.0. Accessed 5 May 2014 at: http://www.habitat.noaa.gov/protection/efh/habitatmapper.html North Carolina State University. 2013. Plumleaf azalea. Accessed 12 September 2013 from http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/factsheets/shrubs/rhododendron_prunifolium.html North Carolina State University. 2013. Parrot pitcher plant. Accessed 19 September 2013 from http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/factsheets/carnivorous/sarracenia_psittacina.html. Moler, P.E. 1985. Distribution of the eastern indigo snake, Drymarchon corais couperi, in Florida. Herpetological Review 16(2):37-38. Moler, P.E. 1992. Eastern indigo snake. Pages 181-186 in P.E. Moler, ed. Rare and endangered biota of Florida, volume III, Amphibians and Reptiles. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Morrison, J.L. 2001. Recommended management practices and survey protocols for Audubon’s crested caracaras (Caracara cheriway audubonii) in Florida. Technical Report No. 18. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Tallahassee, Florida. National Audubon Society. 2013. Birds. Accessed 11 September 2013 from http://birds.audubon.org/. [NPS] – National Park Service. 2013. Wood Stork Species Profile. Accessed 11 September 2013 at: http://www.nps.gov/ever/naturescience/woodstork.htm Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2007. Watersheds, Hydrologic Units, Hydrologic Unit Codes, Watershed Approach, and Rapid Watershed Assessments. Accessed online January 31, 2014 at: http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb1042207.pdf

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Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program. 2007. Eastern Floater Pyganodon cataracta. Accessed September 2013 from http://www.naturalheritage.state.pa.us/factsheets/Pyganodon%20cataracta.pdf Pistrang, M. 2010. White fringeless orchid, Platanthera integrilaba. Accessed 12 September 2013 from http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/platanthera_integrilabia.shtml. [PFAF] – Plants for a Future. 2013. Leitneria floridana. Accessed 19 September 2013 from http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Leitneria+floridana. Plant Delights Nursery, Inc. 2010. Sarracenia leucophylla. Accessed 18 September 2013 from http://www.plantdelights.com/Sarracenia-leucophylla-Tarnok-Double-Flowered-White-Top- Pitcher-Plant/productinfo/4339/#.UkB8GdKsim5 Reynolds, J. B. 1996. Electrofishing. In Fisheries Techniques (2nd Edition). Murphy, B. R., and D. W. Willis (eds.). American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD. pp 221-252. Satterthwaite, W., E.S. Menges, and P.F. Quintana-Ascencio. 2002. Population viability of scrub buckwheat (Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium) in relation to fire. Ecological Applications 12:1672-1687. Savannah River Ecology Laboratory. 2013. Herpetology at SREL. Accessed September 2013 at: http://srelherp.uga.edu/ Seely, C. 2000. Ambystoma cingulatum, Animal Diversity Web. Accessed on 20 March 2014 at: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Ambystoma_cingulatum/ Sonora Desert Museum. 2013. Coachwhip. Accessed September 2013 at: http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_coachwhip.php. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. 2013. Triangle floater. Accessed September 2013 at: http://www.dnr.sc.gov/cwcs/pdf/TriangleFLoater.pdf. Southern Wildlife Consults. 2008. Survey of the Current Distribution of the Southeastern Pocket Gopher in Georgia. Final Report to Georgia Department of Natural Resources. Stys, Beth. 1993. Ecology and Habitat Protection Needs of the Southeastern American Kestrel on Large- Scale Development Sites in Florida. Nongame Wildlife Technical Report No. 13. Office of Environmental Services Florida Game and Freshwater Fish Commission. Tallahassee, Florida Subrahmanyan, P. 2010. Michaux’s Orchid (Habenaria quinquesta). Accessed 19 September 2013 at: http://uswildflowers.com/detail.php?SName=Desmodium%20ochroleucum Suiter, D. 2011. American chaffseed species profile. Accessed 19 September 2013 from http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_american_chaffseed.html Sramek, Mark. 2014. Electronic mail correspondence from Mark Sramek, National Marine Fisheries Serivce, to Jason Lancaster, TRC, on February 14, 2014. Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. 2013. Southeastern Five-lined skink. Accessed September 2013 at: http://www.tnwatchablewildlife.org/details2.cfm?sort=aounumber&uid=11060917121089686&c ommonname=Southeastern%20Fivelined%20Skink&DISPLAYHABITAT=&typename=Reptile &Taxonomicgroup=Reptile%20-%20Lizards Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. 2013. Peregrine falcon. Accessed 18 September 2013 from http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/huntwild/wild/

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University of Georgia Museum of Natural History. 2008. Georgia Wildlife Web. Accessed September 2013 from http://naturalhistory.uga.edu/~GMNH/gawildlife/index.php?page=home [UGA] – University of Georgia. 2014. Striped Newt (Notophthalmus perstriatus). Accessed 19 March 2014 at: http://srelherp.uga.edu/salamanders/notper.htm [USDA] – United States Department of Agriculture. 2014. Invasive Species: Plants [website]. Available Online at: http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/plants/main.shtml [USDA-NRCS] – United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. Accessed 8 April 2014 at: ftp://ftp-fc.sc.egov.usda.gov/NSSC/Ag_Handbook_296/Handbook_296_low.pdf University of Florida. 2012. Southeastern pocket gopher. Accessed 17 September 2013 from http://nwdistrict.ifas.ufl.edu/phag/files/ [USEPA] – United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2013. Western Ecology Division-Ecoregion Maps and GIS Resources. Accessed 6 May 2014 at: http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions.htm [USFWS] – United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 1978. Final Determination of Threatened Status for the Eastern Indigo Snake. Accessed 19 March 2014 at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/federal_register/fr180.pdf USFWS. 1987. Recovery Plan for Three Florida Mints. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region. Atlanta, Georgia. USFWS. 1990. Recovery Plan for the Florida Scrub Jay. Accessed 21 March 2014 at: http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=B082 USFWS and Gulf States Marine Fishery Commission. 1995. Gulf Sturgeon Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region. Atlanta, Georgia. USFWS. 1996a. Recovery Plan for the U.S. Breeding Population of the Wood Stork. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region. Atlanta, Georgia. USFWS. 1996b. Recovery Plan for Nineteen Florida Scrub and High Pineland Plant Species. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region. Atlanta, Georgia. USFWS. 1997. Wood Stork Recovery Plan. Accessed 26 March 2014 at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/970127.pdf USFWS. 1998. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; determination of endangered status for five freshwater mussels and threatened status for two freshwater mussels from the eastern Gulf Slope drainages of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia. Federal Register 63:12664-12687. Accessed online 18 March 2014 at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-1998-03-16/html/98-6493.htm USFWS. 1999. South Florida Multi-species Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region. Atlanta, Georgia. USFWS. 2014a. Purple Bankclimber Elliptoides sloatianus. Accessed online 18 March 2014 at: http://www.fws.gov/ecos/ajax/docs/life_histories/F02E.html USFWS. 2000. Mobile River Basin Aquatic Ecosystem Recovery Plan. Atlanta, GA. 128 pp. Accessed 18 March 2014 at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/001117.pdf

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USFWS. 2001. Florida Manatee Recovery Plan (Trichechus manatus latirostris. Third Revision. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southeast Region. Atlanta, Georgia. USFWS. 2003b. Red-cockaded Woodpecker Recovery Plan, Second Revision. Accessed 19 March 2014 at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/030320_2.pdf USFWS. 2003a. Availability of the Recovery Plan for the Endangered Fat Threeridge (Amblema neislerii), Shinyrayed Pocketbook (Lampsilis subangulata), Gulf Moccasinshell (Medionidus penicillatus), Ochlockonee Moccasinshell (Medionidus simpsonianus), Oval Pigtoe (Pleurobema pyriforme) and the Threatened Chipola Slabshell (Elliptio chipolaensis), and Purple Bankclimber (Elliptoideus sloatianus). Accessed 25 March 2014 at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/federal_register/fr4183.pdf. USFWS. 2003c. Red-cockaded Woodpecker Recovery Plan, Appendix 4. Survey Protocol. USFWS. 2004. Survey Protocol for Finding Caracara Nests. South Florida Ecological Services Office. USFWS. 2005a. Florida Bonamia Bonamia grandiflora. Accessed 21 March 2014 at: http://www.fws.gov/northflorida/Species-Accounts/PDFVersions/Fla-Bonamia-2005.pdf USFWS. 2005b. Longspurred Mint Dicerandra cornutissima. Accessed 21 March 2014 at: http://www.fws.gov/northflorida/Species-Accounts/PDFVersions/Longspurred-Mint-2005.pdf. USFWS. 2005c. Britton’s Beargrass Nolina brittoniana. Accessed 21 March 2014 at: http://www.fws.gov/northflorida/Species-Accounts/PDFVersions/Brittons-Beargrass-2005.pdf USFWS. 2006. Technical/Agency Draft Florida Panther Recovery Plan (Puma concolor coryi). USFWS. 2007a. Five Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Panama City, FL. 31 pp. Accessed 18 March 2014 at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year_review/doc1108.pdf USFWS. 2007b. Florida Scrub Jay 5-Year Review. Accessed 21 March 2014 at: http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=B082 USFWS. 2007c. Florida Scrub-Jay Survey Guidelines Updated August 2007. USFWS. 2009. Determination of Endangered Status for Reticulated Flatwoods Salamander; Designation of Critical Habitat for Frosted Flatwoods Salamander and Reticulated Flatwoods Salamander. Accessed 20 March 2014 at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2009-02-10/pdf/E9- 2403.pdf#page=1 USFWS. 2010. Cooley’s Water-Willow (Justicia cooleyi) 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Accessed 24 March 2014 at: http://www.fws.gov/southeast/5yearreviews/5yearreviews/CooleysWaterwillow20100706.pdf USFWS. 2011a. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding on a Petition to List the Striped Newt as Threatened. Accessed 19 March 2014 at: http://www.fws.gov/northflorida/Striped_Newt/Listing/20110607_frn_Striped-Newt_ESA_12- month_finding_notice.htm USFWS. 2011b. Peninsular Florida Species Conservation and Consultation Guide: Sand Skink and Blue- tailed (Bluetail) Mole Skink. Accessed 25 March 2014 at: http://www.fws.gov/northflorida/Skink/20120206_Skink_Conservation_Consultation_Guide_Fin al.pdf USFWS. 2011c. Survey Protocol for the Eastern Indigo Snake, Drymarchon couperi, in North and Central Florida.

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USFWS. 2011d. Peninsular Florida Species Conservation and Consultation Guide. Sand Skink and Blue-tailed (Bluetail) Mole Skink. USFWS. 2013a. Gopher tortoise. Accessed 11 September 2013 at: http://www.fws.gov/northflorida/gophertortoise/gopher_tortoise_fact_sheet.html USFWS. 2013b. Species Profile. Accessed 11 September 2013 from http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=C026 USFWS. 2013c. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Species Status for the Florida Bonneted Bat; Final Rule. Accessed 25 March 2014 at: http://www.fws.gov/verobeach/NewsReleasesPDFs/20131002FloridabonnetedbatfinalruleFR.pdf. USFWS. 2014b. USFWS Critical Habitat Portal: Critical Habitat Data. Accessed 17 March 2014 at: http://ecos.fws.gov/crithab/ USFWS. 2014c. Shinyrayed Pocketbook Lampsilis subangulata. Accessed online 18 March 2014 at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_histories/F02Y.html USFWS. 2014d. Gulf Moccasinshell Medionidus penicillatus. Accessed online 18 March 2014 at: http://www.fws.gov/ecos/ajax/docs/life_histories/F03M.html USFWS. 2014e. Fat Threeridge Amblema neislerii. Accessed 18 March 2014 at: http://www.fws.gov/ecos/ajax/docs/life_histories/F032.html USFWS. 2014f. Ochlockonee Moccasinshell Medionidus simpsonianus. Accessed 18 March 2014 at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_histories/F03N.html USFWS. 2014g. Gulf Sturgeon. Accessed 20 March 2014 at: http://www.fws.gov/panamacity/resources/SturgeonFactS08.pdf USFWS. 2014h. West Indian Manatee Trichechus manatus. Accessed 20 March 2014 at: http://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa-library/pdf/manatee.pdf USFWS. 2014i. Squirrel Chimney Cave shrimp Palaemonetes cummingi. Accessed 20 March 2014 at: http://www.fws.gov/northflorida/Species-Accounts/PDFVersions/Squirrel-Chimney-Cave- Shrimp-2005.pdf USFWS. 2014j. American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Accessed 24 March 2014 at: http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=C000 USFWS. 2014k. Homosassa Shrew (Sorex Longirostris Eionis). Accessed 14 May 2014 at: http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=A09H USFWS. 2012. Invasive species [website]. Last modified August 14, 2009. Available Online at: http://www.fws.gov/invasives/ [USGS] – U.S. Geological Survey. 2003. A Tapestry of Time and Terrain: The Union of Two Maps – Geology and Topography. Accessed Online at http://tapestry.usgs.gov/physiogr/physio.html on 6 May 2014. USGS. 2013. Checklist of Amphibian Species and Identification Guide. Accessed September 2013 from: http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/herps/amphibid/species/dmontico.htm USGS. 2014. National Water Information System: Web Interface. Accessed 7 April 2014 at: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 3-97 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

Williamson, G.C. 2013. Cream-flowered Tic Trefoil Desmodium ochroleucum. Accessed 19 September 2013 at: http://uswildflowers.com/detail.php?SName=Desmodium%20ochroleucum. Wilson, J., Y. Kornilev, W. Anderson, G. Connette, and E. Eskew. 2013a. Seal Salamander. Accessed September 2013 at: http://www.herpsofnc.org/herps_of_NC/salamanders/Desmon/Des_mon.html Wilson, J, Y. Kornilev, W. Anderson, G. Connette, and E. Eskew. 2013b. Southeastern Five-Lined Skick. Accessed September 2013 at: http://www.herpsofnc.org/herps_of_NC/lizards/Eumine/Eum_ine.html. Wilson, J, Y. Kornilev, W. Anderson, G. Connette, and E. Eskew. 2013c. Eastern Kingsnake. Accessed September 2013 at: http://www.herpsofnc.org/herps_of_NC Wilson, J, Y. Kornilev, W. Anderson, G. Connette, and E. Eskew. 2013d. Coal Skink. Accessed September 2013 at: http://www.herpsofnc.org/herps_of_NC Wood, Don A. 2001. Florida’s Fragile Wildlife Conservation and Management. University Press of Florida. Gainesville, Florida.

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 3-98 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLES

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.2-1

Typical Warmwater Fish Species in the Areas Surrounding the Project

Common Name Scientific Name Spotted gar Lepisosteus oculatus Blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus Crappie Promoxis sp. Largmouth bass Micropterus salmoides Spotted bass Micropterus punctulatus Yellow bass Morone mississippiensis Mosquitofish Gambusia affinis Green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus Shoal bass Micropterus cataractae White bass Morone chrysops Redbreast sunfish Leopmis auritus

TABLE 3.2-2

Typical Freshwater Fish Species Occurring Near Aboveground Facilities

Common Name Scientific Name Spotted gar Lepisosteus oculatus Blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus Crappie Promoxis sp. Largmouth bass Micropterus salmoides Spotted bass Micropterus punctulatus Yellow bass Morone mississippiensis Mosquitofish Gambusia affinis Green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus Shoal bass Micropterus cataractae White bass Morone chrysops Redbreast sunfish Leopmis auritus

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 1 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.2-3

Fisheries of Special Concern Occurring in the Project Vicinity

State/Segment Milepost County Waterbody Description Alabama Mainline 70.4 Russell Uchee Creek Designated critical habitat (mussels) Georgia Mainline 85.8 Stewart Chattahoochee River GA Protected River 90.9 Webster Hannahatchee Creek GA High Priority 101.5 Hodchodkee Creek GA High Priority 106.1 Pataula Creek GA High Priority 151.6 Dougherty Cooleewahee Creek GA High Priority 161.3 Flint River GA High Priority, GA Protected River, Designated Critical Habitat (mussels) 196.9 Colquitt Ochlockonee River GA High Priority 229.0 Brooks Withlacoochee River GA High Priority Florida Mainline 261.1 Hamilton Withlacoochee River OFW (SP) 263.9 Madison Suwannee River OFW (SP), Designated Critical Habitat (Gulf Sturgeon) 304.0 Suwannee Santa Fe River OFW (SP), Designated Critical Habitat (Gulf Sturgeon) 390.4 & 390.5 Sumter Gum Slough OFW (SP) 394.1 UT Withlacoochee River OFW (SP) 402.7 Outlet River OFW (SP) Citrus County Line 2.3 Citrus/Marion Withlacoochee OFW (SP)

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 2 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.3-1

Acres of Vegetation Affected by the Project

Open Land a/ Forest/Woodland c/ Agricultural Other d/ Total b/ Herbaceous Scrub-Shrub Upland Open Land Pine Plantation Upland Forest Wetland Forest Wetlands Wetlands

State, Facility /

/ Operation Operation Operation Operation Operation Operation Operation Operation Operation Operation f Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction e

Alabama Pipeline Right-of-Way

Mainline 221.254 122.812 1.753 0.000 3.505 0.405 15.019 7.740 184.384 88.332 512.693 249.938 14.482 5.523 31.767 15.797 984.86 490.55 Additional Temporary Workspace 142.855 0.00 0.022 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.389 0.00 55.878 0.00 171.449 0.00 0.204 0.00 10.209 0.00 388.01 0.00 Aboveground Facilities Compressor Stations Alexander City 36.851 23.145 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.514 0.00 22.546 6.160 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.91 29.30 M&R Stations Transco Hillabee 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.30 1.30 Contractor Yards TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD 0.00 0.00 Access Roads 18.056 0.006 0.00 0.00 0.280 0.00 1.69 0.00 3.541 0.00 29.072 0.00 0.261 0.00 0.620 0.00 53.52 0.01 Subtotal Alabama 420.22 147.16 1.78 0.00 3.79 0.41 24.10 7.74 251.32 88.33 735.86 256.20 14.95 5.52 42.60 15.80 1494.62 521.16 Georgia

Pipeline Right-of-Way

Mainline 273.915 151.561 9.973 0.000 6.660 0.872 515.363 255.037 506.091 245.700 402.333 195.874 76.400 29.845 43.667 21.287 1834.40 900.18 Additional Temporary Workspace 78.157 0.00 0.281 0.00 0.283 0.00 178.105 0.00 137.622 0.00 96.851 0.00 3.490 0.00 17.358 0.00 512.15 0.00 Aboveground Facilities Compressor Stations

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 3 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.3-1

Acres of Vegetation Affected by the Project

Open Land a/ Forest/Woodland c/ Agricultural Other d/ Total b/ Herbaceous Scrub-Shrub Upland Open Land Pine Plantation Upland Forest Wetland Forest Wetlands Wetlands

State, Facility /

/ Operation Operation Operation Operation Operation Operation Operation Operation Operation Operation f Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction e

Albany 0.000 0.000 2.281 2.281 0.00 0.00 34.562 27.009 8.027 4.800 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 44.87 34.09 Contractor Yards TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD 0.00 0.00 Access Roads 26.279 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.122 0.00 19.634 0.009 58.621 0.00 17.498 0.00 0.226 0.00 2.034 0.013 124.41 0.02 Georgia Subtotal 378.35 151.56 12.53 2.28 7.07 0.87 747.66 282.06 710.36 250.50 516.68 195.87 80.12 29.85 63.06 21.30 2515.83 934.29 Florida Pipeline Right-of-Way

Mainline 65.927 31.951 133.772 0.000 2.261 0.327 1007.389 504.620 421.262 210.958 538.090 275.693 224.371 83.874 76.571 39.952 2469.64 1147.37 Hunters Creek Line 6.550 3.594 7.178 0.000 0.462 0.052 45.381 23.016 0.00 0.00 13.392 6.927 58.150 22.085 6.878 3.547 137.99 59.22 Citrus County Line 5.053 2.282 10.944 0.000 0.00 0.00 42.472 18.085 0.00 0.00 144.561 67.770 5.491 2.154 18.074 11.818 226.60 102.11 Additional Temporary Workspace 38.120 0.00 11.002 0.00 0.481 0.00 311.294 0.00 82.825 0.00 129.376 0.00 26.618 0.00 33.579 0.00 633.29 0.00 Aboveground Facilities Compressor Stations

Hildreth 17.956 16.700 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.181 0.00 23.442 16.334 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.489 0.00 42.07 33.03 Dunnellon 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.819 7.003 0.00 0.00 21.683 19.487 1.520 0.000 1.478 0.027 32.50 26.52 Reunion 0.000 0.00 1.636 1.030 0.016 0.000 29.656 16.002 0.00 0.00 0.126 0.001 5.075 0.000 0.00 0.00 36.51 17.03 M&R Stations

Suwannee FGT 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.457 1.360 0.557 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.146 0.001 3.16 1.36 Gulfstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.920 0.920 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.92 0.92

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 4 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.3-1

Acres of Vegetation Affected by the Project

Open Land a/ Forest/Woodland c/ Agricultural Other d/ Total b/ Herbaceous Scrub-Shrub Upland Open Land Pine Plantation Upland Forest Wetland Forest Wetlands Wetlands

State, Facility /

/ Operation Operation Operation Operation Operation Operation Operation Operation Operation Operation f Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction e

FSC (FPL) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.920 0.920 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.92 0.92 Hunters Creek FGT 5.046 1.570 1.597 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.425 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.07 2.00 Citrus County Plant 0.288 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.287 2.690 0.000 0.000 3.554 0.290 7.13 2.98 Contractor Yards TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD 0.00 0.00 Access Roads 34.437 0.05 3.037 0.112 0.530 0.00 46.590 0.06 17.665 0.014 50.251 0.30 19.610 0.003 6.634 0.123 178.75 0.66 Florida Subtotal 173.38 56.15 169.17 1.14 3.75 0.38 1492.62 570.63 547.65 228.67 901.32 372.87 341.26 108.12 147.40 55.76 3776.55 1394.12 PROJECT TOTALS 971.95 354.87 183.48 3.42 14.61 1.66 2264.38 860.43 1509.33 567.50 2153.86 824.94 436.33 143.49 253.06 92.86 7787.00 2849.57

a/ Utility right-of-ways (“ROWs”), open fields, pasture, vacant land, herbaceous and scrub-shrub uplands, non-forested lands, emergent wetland, scrub-shrub wetland, golf courses, and municipal land. b/ active hayfields and cultivated land. c/ Upland and wetland forest. d/ Industrial, commercial, and residential land uses as defined in Resource Report 8. Does not include "open water" land use, i.e. water crossings greater than 100 feet wide and streams visible on aerial photography but less than 100 feet in width. e/ Land affected during construction for pipeline facilities is comprised of the 50-foot permanent ROW, 60 feet of TWS; and ATWS where applicable. f/ Land affected during operation of the pipeline includes only the new 50-foot permanent ROW, except for the permanent ROW in wetlands as detailed in Resource Report 2.

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 5 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.3-2

Representative Plant Species and Vegetation Community Types

Common Name Scientific Name Upland Forest

Broomsedge bluestem Andropogon virginicus Christmas fern Polystichum acrostichoides Farkleberry Vaccinium arboreum Greenbrier Smilax bona-nox Juniper Juniperus virginiana Loblolly pine Pinus taeda Muscadine Vitis rotundifolia Red maple Acer rubrum Sand laurel oak Quercus hemisphaerica Sawtooth blackberry Rubus argutus Southern live oak Quercus virginiana variable Witch grass Dichanthelium spp. Winged elm Ulmus alata Forested Wetland Red maple Acer rubrum River birch Betula nigra Black tupelo Nyssa sylvatica Water oak Quercus nigra Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua Overcup oak Quercus lyrata Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica Sweet bay magnolia Magnolia virginiana Pond cypress Taxodium ascendens Loblolly-bay Gordonia lasianthus Scrub-shrub Wetland Black willow Salix nigra Common buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis Fetterbrush lyonia Lyonia lucida Gallberry Ilex glabra Loblolly pine Pinus taeda Peppervine Ampelopsis arborea Red maple Acer rubrum Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua Wax myrtle Morella cerifera Emergent Wetland Broom panicgrass Dicanthelium scoparium Common rush Juncus effuses

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 6 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.3-2

Representative Plant Species and Vegetation Community Types

Common Name Scientific Name Denseflower knotweed Persicaria glabra Maidencane Panicum hemitomon Slender rush Juncus tenius Waterpepper Persicaria hydropiperoides Woolgrass Scirpus cyperinus

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 7 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.4-1

Representative Wildlife Species

Common Name Scientific Name Amphibians

American toad Anaxyrus americanus Barking treefrog Hyla gratiosa Bronze frog Lithobates clamitans Bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus Common snapping turtle Chelydra serpentine Cope’s gray treefrog Hyla chrysoscelis Cricket frog Acris crepitans Eastern box turtle Terrapene carolina Eastern narrow-mouthed toad Gastrophryne carolinensis Eastern spadefoot Scaphiopus holbrookii Gopher frog Lithobates capito Green treefrog Hyla cinerea Little glass frog Pseudacris ocularis Oak Toad Anaxyrus quercicus Ornate chorus frog Pseudacris ornate Painted turtle Chrysemys picta Pickerel frog Rana palustris Pig frog Lithobates grylio Pinewoods treefrog Hyla femoralis River frog Lithobates heckscheri River frog Lithobates heckscheri Southern chorus frog Pseudacris nigrita Southern cricket frog Acris gryllus Southern leopard frog Lithobates sphenocephalus Southern toad Anaxyrus terrestris Spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum Spring peeper Pseudacris crucifer Squirrel treefrog Hyla squirella Upland chorus frog Pseudacris feriarum Reptiles American alligator Alligator mississipiensis Black racer Coluber constrictor Brown watersnake Nerodia taxispilota Coachwhip Coluber flagellum Common five-lined skink Plestiodon fasciatus Common garter snake Thamnopsis sirtalis Copperhead Agkistrodon contortrix Cottonmouth Aglistrodon piscivorous

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 8 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.4-1

Representative Wildlife Species

Common Name Scientific Name Eastern diamond-back rattlesnake Crotalus adamanteus Eastern fence lizard Sceloporus undulates Eastern glass lizard Ophisaurus ventralis Eastern hog-nosed snake Heterodon platirhinos Eastern ribbonsnake Thamnophis sauritus Florida brownsnake Storeria victa Florida Crowned Snake Tantilla relicta Gray ratsnake Pantherophis spiloides Green Anole Anolis carolinensis Pinesnake Pituophis melanoleucus Pygmy rattlesnake Sistrurus miliarius Rainbow snake Farancia erytrogramma Red-bellied mudsnake Farancia abacura Rough greensnake Opheodrys aestivus Scarlet kingsnake Lampropeltis elapsoides Scarletsnake Cemphora coccinea Short-tailed snake Lampropeltis extenuate Six-lined racerunner Aspidoscelis sexlineata Slender glass lizard Ophisaurus attenuates Striped crayfish snake Regina alleni Timber rattlesnake Crotalus horridus Yellow rat snake Pantherophis alleghaniensis Avians American Robin Turdus migratorius American kestrel Falco sparverius American Woodcock Scolopax minor Blue jay Cyanocitta cristata Downy woodpecker Picoides pubescens Killdeer Charadrius vociferous Pileated woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus Red-shouldered hawk Buteo lineatus Red-winged blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus Sharp-shinned hawk Accipter striatus Wood duck Aix sponsa Mammals American beaver Castor canadensis Cotton mouse Peromyscus gossypinus Coyote Canis latrans Eastern chipmunk Tamias striatus

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 9 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.4-1

Representative Wildlife Species

Common Name Scientific Name Eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus Gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis Muskrat Ondatra zibethicus Nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus Raccoon Procyon lotor Striped skunk Mephitis mephitis Virginia opossum Didelphis virginiana White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginiaus

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 10 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Crustaceans/Insects Dougherty plain cave crayfish Cambarus cryptodytes NL NL T NL Dougherty This crayfish dwells in pools in cold, dark Unlikely Apr-Nov caves and is only known to inhabit a few caves in the Apalachicola River Basin.

Grainy Crayfish Procambarus verrucosus NL NL R NL Stewart lentic wetlands, ranging from beaver Unlikely Year Round impoundments to marshy areas associated with creeks to roadside ditches

Highlands Tiger Beetle Cicindela highlandensis C NL NL NL Polk Open, sandy, well‐drained scrub with or Unlikely; known from small Adults present late without sand pine; requires sites on the Lake May‐early interconnected patches of Wales Ridge of central August bare sand and partial shade Florida

Muckalee crayfish Procambarus gibbus NL NL T NL Lee This crayfish is found in several different Possible Apr-Nov types of flowing water habitat and can often be found hiding under rocks, beneath wooden debris, and beneath undercut banks. The Muckalee crayfish only occurs in the Muckalee Creek system and Coolewahee Creek, both of which are part of the lower Flint River drainage area.

Santa Fe Cave Crayfish Procambarus erythrops NL NL NL SSC Suwannee Limited to groundwater of a few caves Unlikely Year Round and sinkholes

Squirrel Chimney Cave Palaemonetes cummingi T NL NL NL Alachua Groundwater within a flooded solution Unlikely Year Round Shrimp cave in limestone

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 11 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Mollusks Alabama spike Elliptio parvus NL PSM NL NL Chambers This species is endemic to the U.S. and it Possible Apr-Nov is found in rivers in Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. However, its range has declined over the last 100 years and may be extirpated from much of its historic habitat in the future. Currently this mussel can be found in the Conasauga River in GA, the Mobile River basin in AL, and the Pearl River in Mississippi

Apalachicola pondhorn Uniomerus columbensis NL PSM NL NL Lee This mussel is endemic to the Unlikely Apr-Nov Russell Apalachicola River Basin and not much is known about its preferred habitat, but it is expected to be found in habitat similar to other mussel species

Brother spike Elliptio fraterna NL PSM NL NL Russell This species is found in the Savannah Possible Apr-Nov River Basin in Georgia and in the Chattahoochee River in Alabama. Found in large rivers in sand-mud substrate

Delicate spike Elliptio arctata NL NL E NL Terrell Found in Atlantic Slope drainages from Unlikely Apr-Nov Lee North Carolina to the Savannah River. Doughtery Occurrs in fast flowing water with gravel Mitchell and sand substrate. This species is rare and may be xtirpated from most of its Georgia Range

Downy rainbow Villosa villosa NL PSM NL NL Lee This mussel is found in a wide variety of Possible Apr-Nov habitats that include spring fed streams, rivers, impound reaches, and in waters of varying turbidity. The current range includes the Apalachicola River drainage

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TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Eastern floater Pyganodon cataracta NL PSM NL NL Tallapoosa This mussel is found in several different Possible Apr-Nov Russell types of habitat that includes rivers, ponds, lakes, and wetlands. In riverine habitat it most often occurs in slow backwaters or pools with silt or other fine substrates. It also thrives is nutrient rich waters and in man-made ponds. Currently it is found in drainages throughout the east coast and it is common and widespread throughout the majority of its range, though it is less common in southern drainages than in northern habitats

Fat three-ridge Amblema neislerii E SP E NL Terrell Found in slow to moderate current in Possible Apr-Nov Lee sandy and gravel substrates. Historically Dougherty it was found in the muddy waters of the Mitchell Chattahoochee River main channel and Colquitt in the Flint River system. Today, it may be found in the Flint River system in Georgia and the Apalachicola and lower Chipola Rivers in Florida

Fine-lined pocketbook Lampsilis altilis T SP NL NL Tallapoosa In Georgia it is only found in the Unlikely Apr-Nov Chambers Conasauga and Coosa Rivers in counties Lee not associated with the Sabal Trail Russell project. In Alabama this species can be found in the Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Coosa River systems. This mussel is general found in fast flowing waters with gravel or sand substrate

Florida sandshell Lampsilis floridensis NL PSM NL NL Lee This mussel is found in small streams Possible Apr-Nov Russell and large rivers. Currently, it is found in the Apalachicola basin

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TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Green Floater Lasmigona subviridis NL PSM NL NL Russell Ranges from creeks to small rivers and Unlikely late April to November occasionally side channels of large rivers; occurs in pools, eddies, or along stream margins in slower currents within mud, sand or gravel substrates

Gulf Moccasinshell Medionidus penicillatus E SP E E Jackson The channels of medium-sized creeks to Unlikely Apr-Nov large rivers and prefers gravel, sand, or silty sand substrates in slow to moderate currents

Gulf slabshell Elliptio fumata NL PSM NL NL Lee Found in the Apalachicola basin of Possible Apr-Nov Russell Alabama, Florida, and Georgia. Found in large rivers with moderate to swift current that have sand, gravel, and sandy-mud substrates.

Inflated spike Elliptio purpurella NL PSM T NL Russell This mussel is endemic to the Unlikely Apr-Nov Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin; however, recent surveys have only noted the inflated spike as being present in the Flint River in Georgia

Iridescent lilliput Toxolasma paulus NL PSM NL NL Lee This mussel is endemic to the Unlikely Apr-Nov Russell Appalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin and it inhabits lakes and small to large rivers and creeks with sand, silt, and rock substrates

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TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Lilliput Toxolasma parvus NL PSM NL NL Tallapoosa This mussel is found in a wide variety of Possible Apr-Nov Lee habitats similar to the eastern floater: ponds, lakes, rivers, and wetlands. It is usually found in mud, sand, or other fine substrate and is common throughout its range which includes all Gulf of Mexico drainages and the Mobile River drainage in Alabama

Ochlockonee Medionidus simpsonianus E SP NL E Leon Main stem in areas with current and Possible Apr-Nov Moccasinshell Mitchell typically prefers mixed sand and gravel Colquit substrates Oval Pigtoe Pleurobema pyriforme E SP E E Jackson River main stems and smaller tributary Likely Apr-Nov Leon streams. It prefers a wide range of Chambers habitats including sand bars, rock Lee bottoms, and sand and muddy sand Russell substrates Stewart Webster Terrell Dougherty Mitchell Colquitt

Ovate clubshell Pleurobemaperovatum E SP NL NL Tallapoosa Historically this mussel was found in Possible Apr-Nov Lee Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, South Russell Carolina, and Tennessee; however, recent surveys have shown a decrease in occupied habitat due to habitat degradation and pollution. Currently the ovate clubshell can be found in the Tombigbee and Alabama River basins in AL and rivers in TN and GA

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TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Purple Bankclimber Elliptoideus sloatianus E SP T T Jackson, Leon Lee Sand, fine gravel or muddy sand Unlikely Apr-Nov Russell Stewart substrates with moderate current and Webster Terrell deeper water (> 3 meters) habitat within Lee Dougherty the main channels of larger rivers Mitchell Colquitt Brooks Lowndes

Rayed creekshell Anodontoides radiatus NL PSM T NL Russell The rayed creekshell is endemic to Possible Apr-Nov southeastern Gulf Coastal Plain streams and it is found in waterways associated with the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee- Flint River system. In Georgia, this freshwater mussel might be found in the Flint River system

Sculptured pigtoe Quadrula infucata NL PSM NL NL Chambers Russell This mussel is currently found in the Possible Apr-Nov mainstem and tributaries of the Flint and Apalachicola Rivers and in the mainstem of the Chipola River. The sculptured pigtoe is found in large rivers with moderate to swift current that have sand, gravel, and sandy-mud substrates. This species is rare within its range and it has been extirpated from several historic habitat sites

Shinyrayed Pocketbook Hamiota (=Lampsilis) E SP E E Jackson, Leon Lee Medium-sized creeks to rivers and Likely Apr-Nov subangulata Russell prefers clean or silty sand substrates in slow to moderate current

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TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Southern clubshell Pleurobema decisum E SP NL NL Tallapoosa Lee Historically the southern clubshell was Possible Apr-Nov abundant in many major streams associated with the Mobile River Basin in Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi. Today it is extirpated from much of its range and the Tombigbee and Tallapoosa River drainages support most of the population in Alabama

Southern elktoe Alasmidonta triangulata NL PSM NL NL Russell This mussel is restricted to the Possible Apr-Nov Apalachicola River basin and in Alabama is can be found in the Chattachoochee River system. This species is believed to be rare and populations are decreasing. The southern elktoe is found in large rivers in sand-mud substrate

Southern pigtoe Pleurobema georgianum E SP NL NL Tallapoosa Within the project area this mussel is only Unlikely Apr-Nov found in Tallapoosa County streams with moderate flow and sand-gravel substrates. It is endemic to the Coosa river basin and occurrences are extremely rare

Southern purple lilliput Toxolasma corvunculus NL PSM NL NL Lee This species is endemic to the Mobile Possible Apr-Nov Basin and was once widespread, but now occurs in small localized populations. There is a lack of recent records regarding the distribution of this mussel, but it is believed to be very rare. Its habitat consists of creeks and rivers with sand or silt substrata in areas subjected to varying current velocity

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TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Tulotoma Snail Tulotoma magnifica T NL NL NL N/A Typically associated with shoals and Possible No information available riffles but is known to inhabit rivers that rise and fall (such as below hydroelectric dams) and is strongly associated with boulder, cobble and bedrock stream bottoms in > 5m depth

Upland combshell Epioblasma metastriata E SP NL NL Russel Historic range for the upland combshell Unlikely Apr-Nov included the Black Warrior River, Cahaba River, and the Coosa River. Currently, the combshell may be extirpated from Tennessee and Georgia. Within the project zone, the upland combshell may only exist in the Tallapoosa river system in Tallapoosa County, AL. This species is endangered throughout its range due to sedimentation, pollution, and habitat degradation

Fish Alabama shad Alosa alabamae C NL T T Dougherty, Jackson This species is anadromous. Adults live Unlikely Mar-Oct in salt water but migrate upstream in order to spawn (usually occurs in April). Dams have limited its distribution and now it mostly occurs only within the Choctawhatchee River system

Bluenose shiner Pteronotropis welaka NL NL T T Terrell, Dougherty Typically inhabit quiet backwaters and Possible Mar-Oct Jackson, Lake, Marion, vegetated pools in streams and large Orange rivers with abundant aquatic vegetation and sandy substrate. They occur mainly in the Apalachicola River basin

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TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Bluestripe Shiner Cyprinella callitaenia NL NL R NL Dougherty, Lee, Mitchell Mainstem reaches of rivers and large Possible; in Alabama occurs Data available indicates Stewart streams in riffles and runs with rubble or in year round sand substrate Chattahoochee River and with swift current; also found in the drainage; in Georgia lower reaches of several impounded species occurs in the tributaries to the Chattahoochee and Flint Chattahoochee River River basins

Broadstripe Shiner Pternotropis eurzyzonus NL NL R NL Russell, Lee, Stewart Small and medium sized streams in Possible; endemic to the Data available indicates pools and runs in moderate flow over middle Year sand, silt, and Chattahoochee River Round bedrock often near logs, snags, and system of Georgia and aquatic vegetation Alabama near and below the Fall Line

Crystal darter Crystallaria asprella NL SP NL NL Tallapoosa Inhabits open channels of clear streams Possible Mar-Oct with clean sand and gravel bottoms and moderate-swift currents. It is found in the Mississippi River basin and its range begins in Minnesota and extends southward to Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida.

Goldstripe darter Etheostoma parvipinne NL NL R NL Stewart, Terrell, Small streams and spring seep runs Possible; in Georgia species Data available indicates Dougherty, Lee, Russell associated with aquatic vegetation, occurs below Year organic debris, and slowmoving the Fall Line in the Round riffles Chattahoochee, Flint, Ocmulgee, and Oconee River Basins

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TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Gulf Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus T NL NL T Alachua, Columbia, An anadromous species where adults Likely; the largest existing Spawn in the spring and desotoi Gilchrist, Jackson, Levy, live in saltwater and migrate into medium population exists in the possibly the fall and remain Madison, Suwannee to large coastal rivers Suwannee River; they are within holding areas of the also present in the river during the summer. Apalachicola River Juvenile Gulf sturgeon stay in the river for about the first 2-3 years

Halloween darter Percina crypta NL SP T NL Russell The Halloween darter requires swift Possible Mar-Oct flowing water over rocky shoals and it is frequently found with aquatic macrophytes. It is endemic to the Apalachicola River drainage and in Alabama it occurs in the Chattahoochee River system

Highscale Shiner Notropis hypsilepis NL NL R NL Russell, Lee, Dougherty, Springs, spring runs, or waters from Possible; primarily occurs in Data available indicates Stewart springs; may move underground between the Year cave systems Chattahoochee and Flint Round River systems in Georgia and Alabama

Lake Eustis Pupfish Cyprinodon variegatus NL NL NL SSC Lake, Marion, Orange Prefer a very narrow, shallow zone of Unlikely; known only from a Data available indicates hubbsi shoreline that is exposed to heavy wave group of interconnected year-round action and typically devoid of vegetation Florida lakes that form the headwaters of the Oklawaha River: Lake County - Eustis, Harris, Dora, Griffin, and Yale; Lake and Orange counties - Beauclair and Carlton; Marion County: Weir Lipstick darter Etheostoma NL SP NL NL Tallapoosa, Chambers Lipstick darters inhabit riffles of large Possible Mar-Oct chuckwachatte streams with gravel, cobble, and boulder substrates. It is endemic to the Tallapoosa River system in Alabama and Georgia

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TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Spotted Bullhead Ameiurus serracanthus NL NL R NL Brooks, Dougherty, Found in current in deep rock‐ or Possible; in GA species Data available indicates Lowndes, Mitchell, sand‐bottomed pools of small to medium occurs in the Year Hamilton, Suwannee swift rivers Chattahoochee, Flint, and Round ,Gilchrist Withlacoochee Rivers. In FL, the Withlacoochee, Suwannee, and Santa Fe Rivers.

Suwanee Bass Micropterus notius NL NL R NL Lowndes Fast‐moving shoal areas with a limestone Possible; in Georgia species Data available indicates bottom, often covered by sand occurs in the Year Ochlockonee and Round Suwannee River Basins

Tessellated Darter Etheostoma olmstedi NL NL NL SSC Marion Found in small to medium-sized streams Unlikely; in Florida they are Present in all seasons in areas where the current is below only found in a limited maximum, including flowing pools portion of the Oklawaha River and two ributaries (Orange and Eaton creeks); the nearest population in Georgia is approximately 200 miles north Amphibians Frosted Flatwoods Ambystoma cingulatum T NL T FT Alachua, Columbia, Pristine pine flatwoods (longleaf or slash) Possible; species occurs Breeding-October- Salamander Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, communities with wiregrass groundcover east of the Apalachicola December & January-March Brooks, Lowndes and scattered wetlands often dominated River in Franklin, Wakulla, by cypress or gum; usually breeds in Liberty, Jefferson, and ponds that lack predatory fish and which Baker counties Florida usually have some emergent herbaceous vegetation

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TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Georgia Blind Salamander Eurycea wallacei N NL T SSC Jackson, Lee, Subterranean waters of caves formed in Unlikely; confined to No information available Dougherty limestone, often in caves used by bats; underground streams and most easily seen resting on bottom pools in caves; found in sediments in small pools, but extent of Jackson, Washington, and use of less accessible waters is Calhoun counties in Florida, unknown; also has been pumped from but can also be found in deep groundwater wells Dougherty and Decatur counties in Georgia Gopher Frog Rana capito NL NL NL SSC Alachua, Columbia, Dry, sandy uplands, chiefly sandhill and Likely; species inhabits Year Round Gilchrist, Indian River, scrub, that include isolated wetlands or gopher tortoise burrows and Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, large ponds within about 1 mi.; can be found throughout Leon, Levy, Madison, occasional in dry pine flatwoods, xeric Florida Marion, Martin, hammock, and disturbed examples of Okeechobee, Orange, above; breeds chiefly in seasonally Osceola, Polk, Sumter, flooded, temporary ponds, but also in Suwannee some permanent waters; nocturnal, normally spending daytime in stump holes, tunnels, or burrows, especially those of gopher tortoise

Seal salamander Desmognathus monticola NL SP NL NL Tallapoosa, Lee Seal salamanders are found in wet, cool Possible Apr-Nov Russell spots along stream banks usually under rocks or bark. They can sometimes be found out in the open at night. Its range is from southwestern Pennsylvania to southwestern Alabama

Striped Newt Notophthalmus perstriatus C NL T NL Brooks, Lowndes, Xeric; sandhill and scrub, but can also be Possible; nothern and Breeding Adults-January- Alachua, Columbia, found in pine flatwoods; breeds in central peninsula, and the March; Larvae- April-June Gilchrist, Jefferson, Lake, depressional marshes that lack predatory central panhandle counties Leon, Levy, Madison, fish of Leon and Wakulla Marion, Sumter, Orange

Reptiles

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TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Alabama map turtle Graptemys pulchra NL SP NL NL Tallapoosa This species is found in rivers with sandy Possible Jan-Dec or muddy bottoms and in creeks with rocky substrate. Similar to the black- knobbed map turtle, basking sites are important and common basking sites include brush piles along river banks and exposed logs

Alligator Snapping Turtle Macrochelys temminckii C SP T T Alachua, Columbia, Strictly a turtle of rivers, though utilizes Likely; In Florida, this Year Round Gilchrist, Jackson, backwater swamps, overflow lakes, and species can be found in the Jefferson, Leon, Levy, impoundments as well as main channels Panhandle and Big Bend Madison, Suwannee regions, from the Escambia Stewart, Terrell, River east to the Suwannee Lee, Mitchell, Colquitt, River Brooks, Lowndes, Lee Russell

American Alligator Alligator mississippiensis SAT NL NL T (S/A) Alachua, Columbia, Favors marshy freshwater habitats, such Likely Year Round Gilchrist, Indian River, as marshes, swamps, rivers, and lakes; Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, these animals have been spotted living in Leon, Levy, Madison, tidal areas and even (rarely) in the ocean Marion, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, Suwannee, Okeechobee, Martin, Orange

Barbour's Map turtle Graptemys temminckii NL SP T SSC Jackson, Leon, Stewart, Rivers, large streams, and Possible; spring-fed streams Year Round Lee, Dougherty, Mitchell, impoundments, usually favoring areas such as Dry Creek and Russell with good flow and avoiding backwaters; Spring Creek in Jackson nesting occurs along sand bars, river County berms, and spoil mounds

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TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Black-knobbed sawback Graptemys nigrinoda NL SP NL NL Tallapoosa This turtle is found in medium and large Possible Jan-Dec nigrinoda sized rivers in both main channels and oxbows and bayous. This is a basking species and the availability of basking sites, such as exposed logs, is very important in habitat selection. They are seasonally active from April through November and basking can be observed throughout the day if water temperatures remain above 10ºC. This is a common species and some surveys found that this was the most commonly observed turtle in the Mobile River Basin.

Blue-tailed Mole Skink Plestiodon egregius T NL NL FT Osceola, Polk Well-drained sandy uplands above 100 Possible along Lake Wales March-May 15 lividus ft., usually with an abundance of Ridge; found in Highlands, scattered shrubs and lichens; favors Polk, and Osceola counties rosemary, oak, and sand pine scrubs; along the Lake Wales occasional in turkey oak barrens, Ridge sandhill, and xeric hammock; requires loose sand (for burrowing) with patches of sparse to no groundcover or canopy; often found in leaf litter

Coachwhip Masticophis flagellum NL SP NL NL Tallapoosa, Chambers, Coachwhips are diurnal and are most Possible Jan-Dec Lee, Russell often seen in hot weather when other snakes may be inactive. They are most common in open habitats with sandy soils such as pine forests, scrub habitat, open fields, and prairies. They are found throughout the southeastern United States except in mountainous areas

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TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Coal skink Plestiodon inexpectatus NL SP NL NL Russell Coal skinks are rarely encountered and Unlikely Apr-Oct not much is known about their habitat requirements. They are most often found near stream edges and often under cover such as rocks and logs. They also live in mountainous regions and near rocky bluffs. Coal skinks are patchily distributed throughout the southeastern U.S. and are most common in mountainous regions in northern Georgia

Eastern Diamondback Crotalus adamanteus NL NL NL NL Colquitt, Lowndes, Broad range of habitats, commonly Likely Year Round; likely utilizes Rattlesnake Mitchell, Alachua, Gilchrist, associated with pines, in sandhills, refugia in winter months Hamilton, Lake, Levy, flatwoods, upland Madison, Osceola, Polk, forests, and scrub; commonly utilizes Sumter, Suwanee gopher tortoise burrows and root holes for refuge

Eastern indigo snake Drymarchon corais T NL T FT Lowndes, Alachua, These snakes prefer upland habitats and Possible Jan-Dec couperi Columbia, Gilchrist, Indian are not found in great numbers in River, Jackson, Jefferson, wetland complexes. Eastern indigo Lake, Leon, Levy, snakes are often found in prairies, Madison, Marion, Martin, agricultural fields, and human altered Okeechobee, Orange, habitats. They may also co-exist with Osceola, Polk, Sumter, gopher tortoises inside gopher tortoise Suwannee burrows. Their current distribution includes southern Alabama, southeastern Georgia, and Florida

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TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Eastern kingsnake Lampropeltis getula getula NL SP NL NL Chambers, Lee Eastern kingsnakes are found in a wide Possible Jan-Dec Russell variety of habitats but are most commonly found near water. They are also found in open pine forests, swamps, wetlands, farmlands, and suburban areas. They are often found under some type of cover. They are found throughout the southeastern United States and as far north as New Jersey.

Florida Pine Snake Pituophis melanoleucus NL SP NL SSC Columbia, Gilchrist, Indian Habitats with relatively open canopies Possible; found southwest Year Round mugitus River, Jackson, Jefferson, and dry sandy soils, in which it burrows; South Carolina, west to Lake, Leon, Levy, especially sandhill and former sandhill, Mobile Bay in Alabama, Madison, Marion, Martin, including oldfields and pastures, but also south to Florida (excluding Okeechobee, Orange, sand pine scrub and scrubby flatwoods; the Everglades) Osceola, Polk, Sumter, often coexists with pocket gophers and Suwannee Russell gopher tortoises

Gopher Tortoise Gopherus polyphemus C T T T Alachua, Columbia, Typically found in dry upland habitats, Likely; tortoises occur in all Year Round (with weather Gilchrist, Indian River, including sandhills, scrub, xeric oak counties of the corridor restriction on relocation) Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, hammock, and dry pine flatwoods; also Leon, Levy, Madison, commonly uses disturbed habitats such Marion, Martin, as pastures, oldfields, and road Okeechobee, Orange, shoulders; tortoises excavate deep Osceola, Polk, Sumter, burrows for refuge from predators, Suwannee, Stewart, weather, and fire; more than 300 other Webster, Terrell, Lee, species of animals have been recorded Dougherty, Mitchell, sharing these burrows Colquitt, Brooks, Lowndes

Mimic Glass Lizard Ophisaurus mimicus NL SP R NL Colquitt Associated with endangered longleaf Unlikely; little known More than 60% of pine‐wiregrass habitats, including pine throughout distribution flatwoods, distribution, especially wide collections were made savannas, and hillside seepage bogs Alabama; limited April‐June with a grassy groundcover information suggests species is diurnal and crepuscular

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TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Sand Skink Neoseps reynoldsi T NL NL FT Lake, Marion, Orange, Principally rosemary scrub, but also in Likely; found only in seven March-May 15 Osceola, Polk sand pine and oak scrubs, scrubby Central Florida counties flatwoods, turkey oak ridges within scrub, and five are along proposed and even along edges of citrus groves route; likely in areas of occupying former scrub; requires loose former scrub soils and citrus sand (for burrowing) with large patches of groves on Lake Wales sparse to no groundcover or canopy; Ridge scattered shrubs and lichens often present

Short-Tailed Snake Lampropeltis extenuata NL NL NL T Alachua, Columbia, Dry upland habitats, principally sandhill, Possible; found from the Year Round Gilchrist, Lake, Levy, xeric hammock, and sand pine scrub; Suwannee River south to Marion, Orange, Polk, secretive burrower only rarely seen Highlands County Sumter, Suwannee above ground or under cover objects

Southeastern five-lined Plestiodon inexpectatus NL SP NL NL Tallapoosa, Chambers This skink is found in a wide variety of Possible Jan-Dec skink Lee, Russell habitats, but is most common in dry environments where there are plenty of fallen trees and stumps for cover such as in dry pine forests. Though they can climb, individuals are most often found on the ground beneath logs or beneath tree bark. Their range is large and includes much of the southeastern states from North Carolina to Louisiana

Southern Hognose Snake Heterodon simus NL NL T NL Alachua, Columbia, Principally xeric sandy uplands, Possible Year Round Gilchrist, Indian River, especially sandhill, scrub, xeric Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, hammock, and derived oldfields; rare in Leon, Levy, Madison, more mesic hammocks and dry river Marion, Orange, Osceola, floodplains; often associated with Polk, Sumter, Suwannee ephemeral wetlands that may serve as Stewart, Lee breeding areas for the toads upon which Dougherty Mitchell this snake feeds

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TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Spotted turtle Clemmys guttata NL NL U NL Colquitt, Lee, Lowndes Bogs, swamps, shallow wooded ponds Possible Year Round; secretive most and streams, ditches; often associated of with sphagnum the year; nearly all moss; secretive observation are from March‐early May.

Suwannee Cooter Pseudemys concinna NL NL NL SSC Alachua, Columbia, Rivers and large streams, including Possible; found from the Year Round suwanniensis Gilchrist, Jefferson, Leon, alluvial, blackwater, and spring-run Tampa Bay region (Alafia Levy, Madison, Marion, streams, often with dense aquatic River), northwest to the Sumter, Suwannee vegetation upon which species feeds; Ochlockonee River just west occasionally enters estuaries at river of Tallahassee mouths; basks extensively on logs and floating vegetation mats; nests on high banks and bars above floodplain

Avians American Oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus NL NL NL SSC Indian River, Levy, Martin Require large areas of beach, sandbar, Unlikely; species primarily February-October mud flat, and shellfish beds for foraging; inhabits coastal areas utilize sparsely vegetated, sandy areas for nesting, but will also use beach wrack and marsh grass; large expanses of suitable nesting areas generally are needed

Bachman's sparrow Peucaea aestivalis NL SP NL NL Chambers, Russell These sparrows are found in areas with Possible Jan-Dec scattered scrubby vegetation and dense herbaceous understories, open pine and oak woods, overgrown fields, and overgrown hillsides. Bachman’s sparrow prefers open longleaf forests with dense groundcover consisting of grasses and forbs, but these habitats are in decline

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TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus BGEA Protected NL NL Tallapoosa Chambers Bald eagles can live in any habitat where Possible Nov-May by various Lee, Russell Lee there are suitable nesting trees (they statutes Dougherty Mitchell build the largest bird nests at 6 feet wide Colquitt, Brooks and 4 feet tall), feeding grounds and Lowndes Alachua, open water. They typically nest in Columbia, Gilchrist, Indian forested areas near large bodies of water River, Jackson, Jefferson, and generally avoid heavily developed Lake, Leon, Levy, areas. They are found year round in the Madison, Marion, Martin, pacific northwest and they winter Okeechobee, Orange, throughout the western and central U.S. Osceola, Polk, Sumter, Suwannee

Black Skimmer Rynchops niger NL NL NL SSC Indian River, Jefferson, Coastal waters including beaches, bays, Unlikely; species primarily February-October Levy, Martin, Orange, estuaries, sandbars, tidal creeks inhabits coastal areas Osceola, Polk (foraging), and also inland waters of large lakes, phosphate pits, and flooded agricultural fields. Nests primarily on sandy beaches, small coastal islands, and dredge spoil islands, but also on gravel rooftops; inland nesting recorded along a road in an agricultural area

Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis NL NL NL SSC Indian River, Jefferson, Primarily coastal, feeding in shallow Unlikely; species inhabits Fall-Winter Levy, Martin, Polk estuarine waters, and (less often) far beaches, sandbars, docks, offshore; makes extensive use of sand dredge spoil islands, spits, sand bars, and islets for nocturnal estuarine islands, mangrove roosting and daily loafing; nests on small islands, sand spits, and islands in bays and estuaries, in small islets but can be seen inland bushes or trees, or on ground; mangrove during the non-breeding islands are used frequently for roosting season and nesting in central and southern Florida

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 29 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway T NL NL FT Indian River, Martin, Open country, including wet prairie and Likely; species is found December-April Okeechobee, Orange, pasture lands with cabbage palm, throughout south central Osceola, Polk cabbage palm/live oak hammocks, and Florida in open pastures and shallow ponds and sloughs; preferred wet prairies usually nest trees are cabbage palms, followed concurrent with agricultural by live oaks but species has been operations; nests can be documented to nest in pines found along roadways

Florida Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia NL NL NL SSC Alachua, Gilchrist, Indian High, sparsely vegetated, sandy ground; Likely within range; found February 15-July 10 floridana River, Lake, Levy, natural habitats include dry prairie and throughout the peninsular Madison, Martin, sand hill; makes extensive use of rural Florida in patches and Okeechobee, Orange, areas such as pastures, airports, ball localized areas Osceola, Polk, Sumter, fields, parks, school grounds, university Suwannee campuses, road right-of-ways, and vacant spaces in residential areas

Florida Grasshopper Ammodramus E NL NL FE Okeechobee, Osceola, Requires large areas of frequently Possible; found in south- April-June 15 Sparrow savannarum floridanus Polk burned dry prairie habitat, with patchy central Florida in the open areas sufficient for foraging; may counties of Polk, Osceola, persist in pasture lands that have not Highlands, and been intensively managed so as to Okeechobee; some remove all vegetation clumps populations are known to be on large privately owned cattle ranches Florida Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis NL NL NL T Alachua, Columbia, Prairies, freshwater marshes, and Likely; found throughout January-June pratensis Gilchrist, Indian River, pasture lands; avoids forests and deep peninsular Florida north to Lake, Levy, Marion, Martin, marshes but uses transition zones and the Okefenokee Swamp in Okeechobee, Orange, edges between these and prairies or southern Georgia; however, Osceola, Polk, Sumter pasture lands; frequents agricultural they are less common at the areas such as feed lots and crop fields, northernmost and and also golf courses and other open southernmost portions of lawns, especially in winter and early this range. Florida’s spring; nest is a mound of herbaceous Kissimmee and Desoto plant material in shallow water or on the prairie regions are home to ground in marshy areas; known to favor the state’s most abundant wetlands dominated by pickerelweed and populations maidencane

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 30 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Florida Scrub-Jay Aphelocoma coerulescens T NL NL FT Indian River, Lake, Levy, Inhabits fire dominated, low-growing, oak Possible; occurs in some of March 1-October 31 Marion, Martin, scrub habitat found on well-drained the highest and driest areas Okeechobee, Orange, sandy soils; may persist in areas with of Florida – Lake Wales Osceola, Polk, Sumter sparser oaks or scrub areas that are Ridge, old sand dunes along overgrown, but at much lower densities the coasts, and sandy and with reduced survivorship deposits along rivers in the interior of the state Least Tern Sternula antillarum NL NL NL T Indian River, Leon, Martin, Coastal areas throughout Florida, Unlikely but Possible ; found April-August Okeechobee, Orange, Polk including beaches, lagoons, throughout most coastal bays, and estuaries; increasingly use areas but can be observed artificial nesting sites, including gravel moving into construction rooftops, dredge spoil islands or other sites on cleared land dredged material deposits, construction sites, causeways, and mining lands; nesting areas have a substrate of well- drained sand or gravel and usually have little vegetation

Limpkin Aramus guarauna NL NL NL SSC Alachua, Columbia, Inhabits mangroves, freshwater marshes, Likely; fairly widespread in Nesting February-May in Gilchrist, Indian River, swamps, springs and spring runs, and peninsular Florida, but rarer north Florida, late January- Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, pond and river margins in addition to lake in the Panhandle March in central Florida and Leon, Levy, Madison, margins in peninsular Florida and swales, earlier in south Florida Marion, Martin, strand swamps, sloughs, and Okeechobee, Orange, impoundments in south Florida; may Osceola, Polk, Sumter, forage in rural areas such as sugarcane Suwannee fields and banks of irrigation canals; wide range of nesting sites, including mounds of aquatic vegetation and marsh grasses, among cypress knees, and high in trees

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 31 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea NL NL NL SSC Alachua, Columbia, Feeds in shallow freshwater, brackish, Likely; in Peninsular Florida March-July Gilchrist, Indian River, and saltwater habitats; largest nesting they are relatively common Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, colonies occur in coastal areas, but and widespread but Leon, Levy, Madison, species prefers foraging in freshwater somewhat rarer in the Marion, Martin, lakes, marshes, swamps, and streams; Panhandle Okeechobee, Orange, nests in a variety of woody vegetation Osceola, Polk, Sumter, types, including cypress, willow, maple, Suwannee black mangrove, and cabbage palm; usually breeds in mixed-species colonies in flooded vegetation or on islands

Marian's Marsh Wren Cistothorus palustris NL NL NL T Jefferson, Levy Inhabits tidal marshes dominated by Unlikely; found from Pasco April-August marianae smooth cordgrass on the Atlantic coast to Escambia County, Florida and by black needlerush on the Gulf and into southwest Alabama coast; prefers taller vegetation found in tidal areas along tidal creeks

Piping Plover Charadrius melodus T NL NL FT Martin Found on open, sandy beaches and on Unlikely; primarily inhabit December - February tidal mudflats and sandflats along both sandy beaches, sand flats, coasts and mudflats along coastal areas Red-Cockaded Picoides borealis E E/SP E FE Columbia, Lake, Leon, Inhabits open, mature pine woodlands Unlikely but Possible in Year Round Woodpecker Levy, Marion, Martin, that have a diversity of grass, forb, and range; inhabit mature pines Orange, Osceola, Polk, shrub species; generally occupies Sumter Tallapoosa Stewart longleaf pine flatwoods in north and Brooks central Florida, mixed longleaf pine and slash pine in south-central Florida, and slash pine in south Florida outside the range of longleaf pine; forages in several forested habitat types that include pines of various ages, but prefer more mature pines; most colonies are known

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 32 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja NL NL NL T Alachua, Indian River, Primarily nests in mixed-species colonies Possible; species is found in Nesting November-March in Jefferson, Lake, Leon, on coastal mangrove islands or in freshwater sites Florida Bay and March-July Levy, Marion, Martin, Brazilian pepper on man-made dredge in peninsular Florida Okeechobee, Orange, spoil islands near suitable foraging Osceola, Polk, Sumter habitat; occasionally nests in willow heads at freshwater sites; forages in shallow water of variable salinity, including marine tidal flats and ponds, coastal marshes, mangrove dominated inlets and pools, and freshwater sloughs and marshes

Scott's Seaside Sparrow Ammodramus maritimus NL NL NL SSC Jefferson, Levy Gulf coast habitat is dominated by Unlikely; primarily inhabit last week of May-first peninsulae extensive stands of black needlerush, tidal marshes in Florida two/three weeks in June with smooth cordgrass and scattered areas of saltgrass.

Snowy Egret Egretta thula NL NL NL SSC Alachua, Columbia, Nests both inland and in coastal wetlands Likely; south to Florida March-July Gilchrist, Indian River, with nests placed in many types of woody where they are widespread Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, shrubs, especially mangroves and year-round residents Leon, Levy, Madison, willows; almost all nesting is over shallow Marion, Martin, waters or on islands that are separated Okeechobee, Orange, from shoreline by extensive open water; Osceola, Polk, Sumter, feeds in many types of permanently and Suwannee seasonally flooded wetlands, streams, lakes, and swamps, and in manmade impoundments and ditches; usually prefers calm waters; a wide variety of wetland types must be available to support breeding colonies

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 33 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Southeastern American Falco sparverius paulus NL NL NL T Alachua, Columbia, Found in open pine habitats, woodland Likely; habitat in Florida April-August Kestrel Gilchrist, Jackson, edges, prairies, and pastures throughout includes open woodlands, Jefferson, Lake, Leon, much of Florida; availability of suitable sandhill, and fire maintained Levy, Madison, Marion, nesting sites is key during breeding savannah pine habitats; Martin, Okeechobee, season; nest sites are tall dead trees or species will also utilize Orange, Osceola, Polk, utility poles generally with an alternative habitats which Sumter, Suwannee unobstructed view of surroundings; include pastures and open sandhill habitats seem to be preferred, fields located in residential but may also occur in flatwoods settings; areas open patches of grass or bare ground are needed in flatwoods settings, since thick palmettos prevent detection of prey

Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus NL SP R NL Brooks, Lowndes Nesting and foraging habitats include Possible; the majority of March-May pine forests and savannas, cypress, and breeding occurs in cypresshardwood Florida, but breeding swamps, hardwood hammocks, individuals can be mangrove swamps, narrow riparian found in Georgia and forests, prairies, Alabama and freshwater and brackish marshes; requires a mosaic of communities with tall accessible trees for nesting and open areas for foraging

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 34 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Tricolored Heron Egretta tricolor NL NL NL SSC Alachua, Columbia, Most nesting colonies occur on Likely; widespread, March-July Gilchrist, Indian River, mangrove islands or in willow thickets in permanent residents in Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, fresh water; prefers coastal Florida; less common in Leon, Levy, Madison, environments; feeds in a variety of some parts of the Marion, Martin, permanently and seasonally flooded Panhandle Okeechobee, Orange, wetlands, mangrove swamps, tidal Osceola, Polk, Sumter, creeks, ditches, and edges of ponds and Suwannee lakes; seasonal variation in water levels are particularly critical to nesting success; alteration of wetlands used during breeding season can have negative consequences

White Ibis Eudocimus albus NL NL NL SSC Alachua, Columbia, Found in a wide variety of habitats, Likely; common and found March-July Gilchrist, Indian River, including freshwater and brackish throughout most of Florida Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, marshes, salt flats and salt marsh Leon, Levy, Madison, meadows, many types of forested Marion, Martin, wetlands, wet prairies, swales, Okeechobee, Orange, seasonally inundated fields, and man- Osceola, Polk, Sumter, made ditches; adults prefer foraging in Suwannee freshwater areas when feeding young; young birds do not grow when fed a salty diet or when access to fresh water is limited; forage by feeling with their bills and may forage effectively in turbid waters; nests are placed on a variety trees, shrubs, and vines, and tend to be closer to ground than other colonially nesting wading birds

Whooping Crane Grus americana E, XN NL NL FE Alachua, Marion, Lake, Shallow marshes and open grasslands Possible; non-migratory late April egg laying Osceola, Polk, Sumter population in Central Florida that the FWC introduced in 1993 near Three Lakes Wildlife Management Area in Osceola County

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 35 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Wood Stork Mycteria americana E NL E FE Alachua, Columbia, Nests colonially in a variety of inundated Likely; fairly widespread January-August Gilchrist, Indian River, forested wetlands, along route and can be Jefferson, Lake, Leon, including cypress strands and domes, found foraging in agricultural Levy, Madison, Marion, mixed hardwood swamps, sloughs, and areas and roadside ditches Martin, Okeechobee, mangroves; increasingly nesting in Orange, Osceola, Polk, artificial habitats (e.g., impoundments Sumter, Suwannee and dredged areas with native or exotic Tallapoosa, Lee vegetation) in north and central Florida; Russell Terrell forages mainly in shallow water in Lee, Dougherty, Mitchell, freshwater marshes, swamps, lagoons, Colquitt, Brooks ponds, tidal creeks, flooded pastures and ditches, where they are attracted to falling water levels that concentrate food sources (mainly fish)

Mammals Florida Bonneted Bat Eumops floridanus C NL NL T Osceola, Polk, Roosts in palms and hollow trees and in Unlikely; found in South Mid-April- Mid-August Okeechobee buildings; forages high Florida (nocturnal) in air over natural as well as human- altered landscapes

Florida Mouse Podomys floridanus N NL NL SSC Alachua, Columbia, Xeric upland communities with sandy Possible; peripheral Year Round Gilchrist, Indian River, soils, including scrub, sandhill, and rural peninsular counties are St. Lake, Levy, Madison, sites where they inhabit burrows of the Johns, Clay, Putnam, Marion, Martin, Orange, gopher tortoise; in the absence of gopher Alachua, Suwannee, and Osceola, Polk, Sumter, tortoises, Florida mice will dig their own Taylor counties in the north, Suwannee burrows or use those of oldfield mice south to Sarasota County on the west coast (although not documented in Sarasota County in recent years), south to Highlands County in central Florida

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 36 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Florida Panther Puma concolor coryi E NL NL FE Okeechobee, Osceola, Requires extensive blocks of mostly Unlikely but Possible; Year Round Polk forested communities; large wetlands species can utilize a variety that are generally inaccessible to humans of habitats while ranging are important for diurnal refuge; will and traversing the land tolerate improved areas in a mosaic of natural communities

Homosassa Shrew Sorex longirostris eionis NL NL NL SSC Citrus Reported to occur in a wide variety of Possible; found from north Data available indicates habitats including hardwood central to south Year swamp/mixed wetland central Florida Round forest, hydric and xeric hammocks, industrial and commercial pineland, mixed hardwood pine forest, natural pineland, and disturbed land

Meadow Jumping Mouse Zapushudsonius NL SP NL NL Chambers, Lee Wet meadows, marshes, open fields, Unlikely; little known in Strongly nocturnal and grassy seeps and bogs, and woodland Alabama and no rarely glades; often in reported collections from the encountered proximity to swamps, streams, and ponds state

Rafinesque's Big-eared bat Corynorhinus rafinesquii N SP R NL Dougherty Swamps of south Georgia; roosts in Unlikely; considered Rare in Hibernates in winter months building, old mine shafts, wells, caves, the state of Georgia and active only in darkness; hollow trees, areas breeding occurs in the fall behind loose bark, and crevices in rock months with offspring born ledges May‐June

Sherman's Fox Squirrel Sciurus niger shermani NL NL NL SSC Alachua, Columbia, Sandhills (high pine), pine flatwoods, and Possible; found throughout Year Round Gilchrist, Indian River, pastures and other open, rural habitats Penninsular Florida; often Lake, Levy, Madison, with scattered pines and oaks; depends observed in pasture areas Marion, Martin, on a variety of oak trees for seasonal with scattered oaks Okeechobee, Orange, food and nest material; longleaf pine Osceola, Polk, Sumter, cones and seeds are important foods Suwannee

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 37 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Southeastern pocket Geomys pinetis NL SP T NL Russell, Dougherty The southeastern pocket gopher need Unlikely Jan-Dec gopher deep well drained sandy soils in order to construct its tunnels. It is found most often in longleaf pine and pine-scrub habitats. Gophers are rarely seen on the surface and spend most of their time underground in tunnels, which can reach 525 feet in length. During construction, soil is pushed out of the tunnel and piles on the surface which allows plants to access vital nutrients. They are found throughout the southeastern U.S. from central Florida to Alabama and Georgia.

Plants American Chaffseed Schwalbea americana E NL E E Levy, Polk, Terrell, savannas, pinelands Possible but highly unlikely; Flowering-April-June Lee, Dougherty, Mitchell, highly dependent on Colquitt, Russell appropriate fire management

Avon Park Harebells Crotalaria avonensis E NL NL E Polk white sand scrub Unlikely, habitat is further March-June south Blushing Scrub Balm Dicerandra modesta E NL NL E Polk sand pine scrub Unlikely, habitat is further Flowering- September- (included within south November, vegatatively Dicerandra frutescens identifiable all year when the latter was listed and much rarer) Britton's Beargrass Nolina brittoniana E NL NL E Lake, Osceola, Marion, dry pinewoods, sand pine scrub Moderately Likely Flowering-March-May; Polk visible most of the year

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 38 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Canby's dropwort Oxypolis canbyi E NL E NL Terrell, Lee, This plant is found in swamps, bogs, Possible Aug-Oct Dougherty ponds, and in other areas that have wet soils and little canopy cover. Surveys indicate that soils with high organic content support the most vigorous populations. Canby’s dropwort is found in the mid-Atlantic coast in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

Carter's Mustard Warea carteri E NL NL E Lake, Polk pinelands, scrub sandhils Possible; more likely in Polk September-October than in Lake; expected only where habitat has decent fire management Clasping Warea Warea amplexifolia E NL NL E Lake, Polk, Osceola dry pinelands, sandhills Possible; but only where September-October habitat has had a recent burn Cooley's meadowrue Thalictrum cooleyi E NL E NL Dougherty, Mitchell Cooley’s meadowrue is found in grass- Possible July-Sept sedge bogs, wet pine savannahs, and in seasonally wet swamp forests. This plant occurs on land that is subjected to disturbances such as fire and mowing. Populations also exist along power line rights-of-way. Soils associated with Cooley’s meadowrue are often slightly acidic and moist, but Cooley’s meadowrue does not tolerate water standing at the surface.

Cooley's Waterwillow Justicia cooleyi E NL NL E Lake, Sumter moist to seasonally wet rocky woods Possible; most likely fairly August-December close to Green Swamp

False Poison Sumac Rhus michauxii E NL NL E Alachua sandy or rocky open woods Possible Spring-fall (whenever it has leaves)

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 39 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Florida Bonamia Bonamia grandiflora T NL NL E Lake, Polk, Osceola, sandy soil, scrub Probable; the corridor cuts May-September Marion through known habitat

Florida Filmy Fern Trichomanes punctatum NL NL NL E Sumter limestone sinks in rockland hammocks Possible Year round

Florida Jointweed Polygonella basiramia E NL NL E Polk sand pine scrub, rosemary scrub Unlikely, habitat is further Summer-Fall south

Florida Jujube Ziziphus celata E NL NL E Polk scrub-sandhill ecotone Extremely Unlikely; there Flowering-December- are 7 known individual February; Fruiting-May- clones that are known; most June; Year round have been found in open areas along what was once a scrub-sandhill ecotone Florida Perforate Lichen, Cladonia perforata E NL NL E Polk sandhills Possible Year Round Perforate Reindeer Lichen

Georgia rockcress Arabis georgiana C NL T NL Tallapoosa, Russell Georgia rockcress is found in palustrine Possible May-July and terrestrial habitats and it does not tolerate heavily shaded habitat. It is found on rocky bluffs, rock outcrops, and in loamy soil along riverbanks. In general it occurs in mesic conditions

Lewton's Polygala Polygala lewtonii E NL NL E Lake, Marion, Osceola, white sand scrub Possible; the corridor Spring Polk includes potential habitat

Little amphianthus Amphianthus pusillus T NL NL NL Tallapoosa, Chambers, Little amphianthus ranges from eastern Unlikely Mar-May Lee Alabama through central Georgia and northern South Carolina. No critical habitat rules exist for little amphianthus. It is found in shallow vernal ephemeral pools where seeds can lie dormant for years until suitable moisture is available

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 40 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Longspurred Mint Dicerandra cornutissima E NL NL E Marion, Sumter Sand pine scrub, oak scrub, sandhills Unlikely; most appropriate Visible Year Round; habitat is further September‐ south October (flowering)

Highlands Scrub Hypericum cumulicola E NL NL E Polk Open patches in white sand scrubs and Unlikely; most appropriate Year Round; Hypericum rosemary balds; occasionally in openings habitat is further June‐September in scrubby south (flowering) flatwoods and oak scrubs over yellow sands

Okeechobee Gourd Cucurbita E NL NL E Lake Edges/islands in St. Johns R and Lk. Highly Unlikely; restricted to Flowering-Spring-Summer; okeechobeensis Okeechobee edges of Lake and the St. Fruiting-Fall-Winter Johns River Paper Nailwort Paronychia chartacea T NL NL E Lake, Polk, Osceola scrub Moderately likely Spring-Fall

Pigeon Wing Clitoria fragrans T NL NL E Lake, Polk sandhills, scrub, scrubby flatwoods Probable; the corridor cuts May-June through known habitat

Pygmy Fringe-tree Chionanthus pygmaeus E NL NL E Lake, Polk, Osceola scrub Probable; the corridor cuts Flowering- early spring through potential habitat

Relict trillium Trillium reliquum E NL E NL Lee, Russell Found in mesic hardwood forests near Possible Mar-June riverine and wetland habitats where humidity is high and in soils with high organic matter content. Robust populations exist in the Savannah and Chattahoochee River drainages. No published critical habitat exists for the relict trillium.

Scrub Blazing-star Liatris ohlingerae E NL NL E Polk sand pine scrub Unlikely, habitat is further June-September south

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 41 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.5-1

Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring within the Project Area

Species Listed Status Likeliness to Occur Along County Preferred Habitat Survey Window Common Name Scientific Name USFWS Alabama Georgia Florida ROW

Scrub Buckwheat Eriogonum longifolium T NL NL E Lake, Marion, Osceola, pine-forested sand hills, scrub oak sand Probable; the corridor cuts May-October, or following a var. gnaphalifolium Polk, Sumter ridge, through known habitat fire

Scrub Lupine Lupinus aridorum E NL NL E Osceola, Polk Openings in sand pine and rosemary Unlikely Visible January‐August; scrub March‐ May (flowering

Scrub Plum Prunus geniculata E NL NL E Lake, Osceola, Polk sand pine scrub Possible; the corridor Flowering-January- includes potential habitat February; Fruiting-March- May; easily recognizable year round Short-leaved rosemary Conradina brevifolia (C. E NL NL E Polk sand pine scrub Moderately likely, known to Visible all year, most flowers canescens) occur in some habitats spring similar to those being crossed Small's Jointweed Polygonella myriophylla E NL NL E Lake, Osceola, Polk scrub Possible; the corridor Year Round includes potential habitat White fringeless orchid Platanthera integrilabia C NL NL NL Tallapoosa This orchid is found in both riverine and Possible July-Sept palustrine habitats and it is generally found in wet, flat areas at the head of streams. This species is also found in association with Sphagnum species and in partially shaded areas. The white fringeless orchid is found throughout the southeastern United States from Virginia and Kentucky to Texas.

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 42 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.6-1

USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern

Common Name Scientific Name

Bird Conservation Region 29 (Tallapoosa, Chambers and

Lee Counties, GA) Bald Eagle (b) Haliaeetus leucocephalus Peregrine Falcon (b) Falco peregrinus Black Rail Laterallus jamaicensis Short-eared Owl (nb) Asio flammeus Whip-poor-will Antrostomus vociferus Loggerhead Shrike Lanius ludovicianus Brown-headed Nuthatch Sitta pusilla Bewick’s Wren (bewickii ssp.) Thryomanes bewickii Sedge Wren Cistothorus platensis Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina Blue-winged Warbler Vermivora cyanoptera Prairie Warbler Setophaga discolor Cerulean Warbler Setophaga cerulea Swainson’s Warbler Limnothlypis swainsonii Kentucky Warbler Geothlypis formosa Bachman’s Sparrow Peucaea aestivalis Henslow’s Sparrow Ammodramus henslowii Rusty Blackbird (nb) Euphagus carolinus Bird Conservation Region 27 (Lee and Russell Counties, AL; Stewart, Webster, Terrell, Dougherty, Mitchell, Colquitt and

Brooks Counties, GA; Hamilton, Madison, Suwannee and Gilchrist Counties, FL) Red-throated Loon Gavia stellata Black-capped Petrel (nb) Pterodroma hasitata Audubon’s Shearwater (nb) Puffinus lherminieri American Bittern (nb) Botaurus lentiginosus Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis Roseate Spoonbill (nb) Platalea ajaja Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus Bald Eagle (b) Haliaeetus leucocephalus American Kestrel (Paulus ssp.) Falco sparverius Peregrine Falcon (b) Falco peregrinus Yellow Rail (nb) Coturnicops noveboracensis Black Rail Laterallus jamaicensis Limpkin Aramus guarauna Snowy Plover (c) Charadrius nivosus Wilson’s Plover Charadrius wilsonia American Oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 43 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.6-1

USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern

Common Name Scientific Name Solitary Sandpiper (nb) Tringa solitaria Upland Sandpiper (nb) Bartramia longicauda Whimbrel (nb) Numenius phaeopus Long-billed Curlew (nb) Numenius americanus Marbled Godwit (nb) Limosa fedoa Red Knot (rufa ssp.) (a) (nb) Calidris canutus Semipalmated Sandpiper (Easter) (nb) Calidris pusilla Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb) Tryngites subruficollis Short-billed Dowitcher (nb) Limnodromus griseus Least Tern (c) Sternula antillarum Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis Black Skimmer Rynchops niger Common Ground-Dove Columbina passerina Chuck-Will’s-widow Antrostomus carolinensis Whip-poor-will Antrostomus vociferus Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus Loggerhead Shrike Lanius ludovicianus Brown-headed Nuthatch Sitta pusilla Bewick’s Wren (bewickii ssp.) Thryomanes bewickii Sedge Wren (nb) Cistothorus platensis Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina Blue-winged Warbler Vermivora cyanoptera Black-throated Green warbler Setophaga virens Prairie warbler Setophaga discolor Cerulean warbler Setophaga cerulea Prothonotary Warbler Protonotaria citrea Swainson’s Warbler Limnothlypis swainsonii Kentucky Warbler Geothlypis formosa Bachman’s Sparrow Peucaea aestivalis Henslow’s Sparrow Ammodramus henslowii LeConte’s Sparrow (nb) Ammodramus leconteii Nelson’s Sharp-tailed Sparrow (nb) Ammodramus nelsoni Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow (nb) Ammodramus caudacutus Seaside Sparrow (c) Ammodramus maritimus Painted Bunting Passerina ciris Rusty Blackbird (nb) Euphagus carolinus Bird Conservation Region 31 (Gilchrist, Levy, Marion,

Sumter, Lake Polk, Osceola, Citrus and Orange Counties, FL) Black-capped Petrel (nb) Pterodroma hasitata

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 44 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.6-1

USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern

Common Name Scientific Name Audubon’s Shearwater (nb) Puffinus lherminieri Brown Booby (nb) Sula leucogaster Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens American Bittern (nb) Botaurus lentiginosus Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis Reddish Egret Egretta rufescens Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus Bald Eagle (b) Haliaeetus leucocephalus Short-tailed Hawk Buteo brachyurus American Kestrel (paulus ssp.) Falco sparverius Peregrine Falcon (b) Falco peregrinus Yellow Rail (nb) Coturnicops noveboracensis Black Rail Laterallus jamaicensis Limpkin Aramus guarauna Snowy Plover (c) Charadrius nivosus Wilson’s Plover Charadrius wilsonia American Oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus Solitary Sandpiper (nb) Tringa solitaria Lesser Yellowlegs (nb) Tringa flavipes Whimbrel (nb) Numenius phaeopus Long-billed Curlew (nb) Numenius americanus Marbled Godwit (nb) Limosa fedoa Red Knot (rufa ssp.) (a) (nb) Calidris canutus Semipalmated Sandpiper (Eastern) (nb) Calidris pusilla Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nb) Tryngites subruficollis Short-billed Dowitcher (nb) Limnodromus griseus Least Tern (c) Sternula antillarum Black Skimmer Rynchops niger White-crowned Pigeon Patagioenas leucocephala Common Ground-Dove Columbina passerina Mangrove Cuckoo Coccyzus minor Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani Chuck-will’s-widow Antrostomus carolinensis Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus Loggerhead Shrike Lanius ludovicianus Black-whiskered Vireo Vireo altiloquus Brown-headed Nuthatch Sitta pusilla Yellow Warbler (gundlachi spp.) Setophaga petechia

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 45 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

TABLE 3.6-1

USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern

Common Name Scientific Name Prairie Warbler Setophaga discolor Prothontary Warbler Protonotaria citrea Bachman’s Sparrow Peucaea aestivalis Grasshopper Sparrow Ammodramus savannarum Henslow’s Sparrow (nb) Ammodramus henslowii Nelson’s Sharp-tailed Sparrow (nb) Ammodramus nelsoni Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow (nb) Ammodramus caudacutus Seaside Sparrow (c) Ammodramus maritimus Painted Bunting (nb) Passerina ciris ______(a): ESA candidate, (b): ESA delisted, (c): non-listed subspecies or population of Threatened or Endangered species, (nb): non- breeding in this BCR

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation 46 SABAL TRAIL PROJECT

APPENDIX 3A

Comprehensive Listed Species Survey Protocol Document

Resource Report 3 – Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation SABAL TRAIL PROJECT Comprehensive Listed Species Survey Protocol Document Sabal Trail Project January 2014

Introduction

The Sabal Trail Project (Project) is a joint venture of Spectra Energy Corp and NextEra Energy, Inc. to build an approximate 500 mile interstate natural gas pipeline with an in-service date of May 2017. The Project proposes to construct and operate a planned 36-inch diameter natural gas pipeline originating in Tallapoosa County, Alabama, and extending through southwest Georgia and into central Florida, terminating in Osceola County, Florida. The Sabal Trail underground pipeline will bring additional affordable, clean natural gas supplies to Florida, while increasing the reliability of the region’s energy delivery system and positively impacting the economy in the Southeast region of the United States, specifically Alabama, Georgia, and Florida.

The Project has the potential to affect a number of plant and animal species that are listed and regulated to varying degrees by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and agencies in the states of Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. This document describes the field survey protocols that Sabal Trail intends to use for conducting species-specific surveys during the course of the Project. In pre-application meetings held in October and November 2013, Sabal Trail proposed a tiered approach to evaluating the potential effects of the Project on these species. First, from publically available sources, Sabal Trail developed the attached summary table of federal and state-listed species that may potentially occur within the Project area along with key geographical and ecological attributes of each species (Table 1). Sabal Trail has requested concurrence from the USFWS and the respective state agencies that the species list and information in Table 1 (described in detail below) is complete and accurate, and, if not, to provide applicable updates based upon the most recent data.

Table 1 summarizes, by major taxonomic groups: the species (common and scientific name), listing status (USFWS and all states), counties where the species is known or suspected to be present, preferred habitats and likelihood of occurrence in the Project area, known survey windows, lead USFWS office if appropriate, notes, and general source(s) of the data. In Florida and Alabama, only federally listed plant species are included in Table 1, as the state laws either do not list plants or only regulate their commercial exploitation. In Georgia, all federally listed plant species and those state listed plant species anticipated to occur on state lands are included in Table 1, as most state laws regarding listed plants do not apply to private lands. However, at this time, the Project does not intersect state lands in Georgia.

Based on the assumption that agency concurrence will be forthcoming with only minor changes to Table 1, Sabal Trail has utilized this potential list as the baseline document in developing species-specific survey protocols for the Project. Habitat surveys for the species identified in Table 1 began in September 2013 and concluded in December 2013 on potentially impacted 1

properties that were available for survey. Surveys are continuing as survey access becomes available. The species list in Table 1 has been refined with consideration to those state and federally listed species for which Sabal Trail reasonably expects species-specific surveys to be required. The need for species-specific surveys at this time is based on initial conversations with USFWS and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), analysis of best available habitat information within the current Project corridor, known species distribution and range, known occurrences, and any initial identification of potential habitat in field survey observations. Where appropriate, protocols have been developed for groups of species (e.g., surveys for colonial nesting water birds). All protocols cite the best available scientific and commercial survey methods, including any daily, seasonal or weather restrictions and recommendations; survey frequency; specific habitats or counties requiring surveys; and the QA/QC procedures that will be employed to ensure the accuracy and adequacy of the surveys. If the action area for a species extends beyond the Project footprint (e.g., bald eagle nests within 660 feet of the Project corridor), the action area for surveys is defined.

Sabal Trail submits this Comprehensive Listed Species Survey Protocol Document for review and written concurrence to its completeness and effectiveness in determining listed species presence within the 300-foot-wide survey corridor (Project corridor) and to assist with future permitting needs. Based on the assumption that agency concurrence will be forthcoming on these protocols without substantial change, limited surveys will be initiated as soon as late February- to-early March 2014 (e.g., bald eagle aerial nest surveys, Florida sand skink surveys) to capture certain survey windows. All surveys included within this document are anticipated to be completed within one year on properties available for survey. A comprehensive survey window table is provided with this document and provides species with proposed protocols and their associated preferred survey window. Each survey protocol provides the proposed date of survey initiation based on survey window and Project needs. Upon completion of surveys, data will be submitted for each species as detailed in the protocols, documenting the results and initiating additional consultation with the agencies should avoidance and/or impact mitigation measures be required. Proposed survey methodologies are described in detail below. Please note all aquatic survey methodologies are proposed only if horizontal directional drilling (HDD) is not used as the waterbody crossing methodology.

Ground Survey Methodologies Florida Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) During initial field surveys, three individual scrub-jays were documented on one occasion in Marion County, Florida. Based on an initial GIS desktop analysis, the current Project corridor intersects the Consultation Area for this species in Florida in Levy, Marion, Sumter, Lake, Polk, Orange, and Osceola Counties. According to USFWS, suitable scrub-jay habitat includes “classic” scrub types including xeric oak scrub, scrubby pine flatwoods, scrubby coastal strand, and sand pine scrub. Additional habitats to be considered includes pine-mesic oak, xeric oak, sand live oak, improved, unimproved and woodland pastures, citrus groves, rangeland, pine flatwoods, longleaf pine xeric oak, sand pine, sand pine plantations, forest regenerations areas, sand other than beaches, and disturbed rural lands and disturbed burned areas.

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Survey Methodology (planned to be conducted March-October 2014) The USFWS Scrub-Jay Survey Guidelines (Updated 08/24/2007) will be followed with field procedures summarized below. Prior to sampling, based on the available GIS Florida Land Use Cover and Forms Classification System (FLUCFCS) data within the current Project corridor and an aerial review of the existing habitats by experienced biologists, a total of 874 acres of potentially suitable habitat have been identified within the species Consultation Area. Within these areas, a centerline transect was established and playback stations were plotted spaced 200-meters apart in order to ensure coverage of all potentially suitable scrub-jay habitats. This exercise resulted in a total of 259 playback stations proposed within the Project corridor. Surveys will occur at these locations using a high quality tape recording of Florida scrub-jay territorial scolding in an attempt to attract the jays. The recording will include clear examples of all typical scolds. Per the guidelines, field surveys will be carried out on calm, clear days beginning about one hour after sunrise and will terminate before midday heat or wind. Surveys will not be conducted in winds stronger than a moderate breeze, in mist or fog, or in precipitation exceeding a light, intermittent drizzle. Surveys will not be conducted if accipiters or other scrub-jay predators are present in the area; in the event this is the case, the surveyor will either wait until the predator is gone or come back on another day.

Surveys will be conducted for a total of five events between March 1 and October 31 with a focus on the ideal survey periods. Ideal survey periods include: 1) spring (especially March), 2) fall (September and October), when territorial displays are most frequent and vigorous, and 3) midsummer (July) when young of the year are independent but still distinguishable by plumage.

Experienced biologists will broadcast the calls at each station for at least 1 minute in all four cardinal directions around the playback station, emphasizing any direction in which low-growing oak scrub is the predominant vegetation. If a scrub-jay is observed, tape playback will be halted for up to 20 minutes at that station, and all jay activity will be observed and recorded. On the vegetation map, surveyors will plot the locations and indicate group size of all Florida scrub-jays where they are first seen or heard. Whenever possible, we will distinguish adult-plumaged jays from juvenile-plumaged jays. To establish an accurate count of jay groups and appropriate territorial boundaries, we will survey the stations as often as necessary for a minimum of 5 survey days.

After the first round of surveys and data collection, permission will be requested from USFWS to reduce the number of play stations based on any current site conditions determined to be unsuitable to support the species. To evaluate habitat quality at each of the 259 potential playback stations, Sabal Trail proposes to employ the Florida scrub-jay habitat suitability index (HSI) model developed by Breininger, et al. (1992). In consultation with the USFWS, this HSI model has been successfully employed on other large linear projects in Florida. Biologists conducting surveys will be trained to use the HSI model and to ensure consistency in its application. In addition to quantifying each of the HSI variables in the vicinity of each potential playback station (percent of shrub canopy comprised of oak, distance to scrub oak ridge, percent of open space, distance to ruderal grass, distance to forest, percent pine canopy cover, and mean 3

shrub height), representative photographs of each station will be taken to verify HSI values. Because most of the field effort will be reaching each station, we also will conduct a minimum of one scrub-jay playback call (described below) at that time. Upon the completion of this initial survey (scheduled for March 2014), we will analyze the HSI and playback results, and consult with USFWS as to which playback stations warrant further surveys. Upon approval of refined survey locations, the remaining Florida scrub-jay surveys will be conducted.

The key end products of this survey will include a complete count of any jay groups on the Project corridor and an approximate territory map or home range center for each group. The following data will be provided to USFWS:

· Information sheet(s) including all field survey dates, start and end times, survey daily weather information, total number of jay groups found, number of jays in each group, and number of juvenile-plumaged jays in each group; and

· Aerial photograph(s) depicting the current Project corridor, potentially suitable mapped habitat and playback station locations, locations of all jays observed while conducting the survey or any other time including flight directions, and approximated territory boundaries or home range center for any group of jays.

Crested Caracara (Caracara cheriway) During initial field surveys, no crested caracara individuals were documented. Based on an initial GIS desktop analysis, the current Project corridor intersects the Consultation Area for this species in Florida in Orange, Osceola, Polk, and Lake Counties.

Survey Methodology (planned to be conducted February-March 2014) The USFWS South Florida Ecological Services’ Survey Protocol for Finding Caracara Nests (April 2004) will be utilized for guidance, but specific methodologies will follow recommendations for a modified survey based on initial discussions with USFWS Jacksonville office. Proposed methodologies are summarized below. Prior to surveys, based on the available GIS FLUCFCS within the current Project corridor and an aerial review of the existing habitats by experienced biologists, a total of 408 acres of potentially occupied nesting habitat was mapped within the species Consultation Area. Field surveys will conclude whether or not the site contains active caracara nests or suitable nesting habitat (i.e., mature cabbage palms). Experienced biologists will perform a combination of vehicular transects and pedestrian spot checks in all previously identified potentially suitable habitats to locate and perform a single inspection of any mature cabbage palms within the Project corridor. This survey will take place between February and March, depending on parcel access and will cover the time when most birds are feeding and nestlings are more visible. Surveys will start at least 15 minutes prior to sunrise and will occur during good weather conditions (not to be conducted in rain or fog). During midday potential nest trees can be examined close up for evidence of nests (Morrison 2001). Any caracara activity (including flight patterns) will be recorded on data sheets and marked on maps with details including time of day, number of birds, and if possible if the birds were juveniles or adults. Any potential or confirmed nesting locations within the Project corridor will be collected with a handheld GPS and approximate locations marked on field maps. 4

In South Florida, the USFWS defines a primary (985 feet) and secondary (4,920 feet) protection zone outward from any active crested caracara nest tree with restrictions during the nesting season. Biologists will attempt to document any caracara nesting sites that occur outside of the Project corridor where possible, noting approximate locations on field maps. Potential nesting locations will be revisited within two weeks from the initial observation if additional checks are needed to confirm active nesting. The key end products of this survey will include the following data to be provided to the USFWS:

· Information sheet(s) including field survey dates, start and end times, survey daily weather information, total number caracara observations; and · Aerial photograph(s) depicting the current Project corridor, potentially suitable mapped habitat locations, and locations of all caracara observed while conducting the survey or any other time including flight directions, and GPS locations of any documented nests.

Note: If necessary, additional surveys will be completed in January-March 2015 for any reroutes that are recommended as a result of the FERC NEPA process reroutes and finalization of the Project corridor within these counties and for any other parcels not available for the 2014 survey.

Red-Cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) During initial field surveys of the Project corridor, 13 documentations of potentially suitable foraging or nesting habitat were recorded in Georgia and Alabama. With consideration to only those counties intersected by the Project, according to USFWS Environmental Conservation Online System (ECOS), the red-cockaded woodpecker is known to or believed to occur in Polk and Osceola Counties in Florida, Brooks and Stewart Counties in Georgia, and Tallapoosa County in Alabama. In addition, the Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI) database lists Alachua, Citrus, Lake, Levy, Madison, Marion, and Orange Counties as potential to have red- cockaded woodpecker occurrences. The Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR) also confirms the species occurs in Brooks and Stewart Counties. Using data obtained from all three states (i.e., FNAI and Natural Heritage Programs), only two occurrences of the species were documented within a three-mile radius of the Project corridor in Florida in Levy and Marion Counties. In addition, FWC Fish and Wildlife Research Institute data document the species approximately one-half mile from the Project corridor in Hamilton County, Florida. No species occurrences were recorded within three miles of the corridor in Georgia or Alabama.

Survey Methodology (planned to be conducted March-October 2014) The USFWS (2003) Red-cockaded Woodpecker South Florida Survey Protocol will be utilized for guidance, but specific methodologies will follow recommendations for a general survey based on initial discussions with USFWS Jacksonville office. Proposed methodologies are summarized below. For the purpose of surveying, USFWS defines suitable foraging habitat as pine or pine/hardwood stand of forest, woodland, or savannah in which 50 percent or more of the dominant trees are pines and the dominant pine trees are generally 60 years in age or older. For the purpose of surveying, suitable nesting habitat consists of pine, pine/hardwood, and hardwood/pine stands

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that contain pines 60 years in age or older (generally >15.2 cm diameter-at-breast-height). Pines 60 years in age or older may be scattered or clumped within younger stands. Prior to surveying, based on available GIS FLUCFCS and National Land Cover data within the Project corridor and an aerial review of the existing habitats by experienced biologists, a total of 241 acres in Florida and a combined 939 acres in Georgia and Alabama of potentially suitable nesting or foraging habitat were identified along the entire length of the current Project corridor. The first step in the survey procedure will consist of field reconnaissance of the potentially suitable habitats within the Project corridor to determine whether the areas are suitable for nesting. If no suitable nesting habitat exists upon initial visit, further assessment will not be conducted. Representative photographs and detailed field notes will be recorded in any area determined to be unsuitable. If suitable nesting pine trees are present (above), pedestrian transects will be conducted by experienced biologists throughout the potentially occupied area to survey for any cavity trees. Transects will be spaced so that each mature pine tree within an area is inspected. Per the protocol, necessary spacing between transects will vary with habitat structure and season from a maximum of 300 feet in very open pine stands to 150 feet or less in areas with a dense midstory. Transects will run north-south, as cavity entrances are primarily oriented in a westerly direction. Transect locations will be tracked using a handheld GPS unit. Biologists will record any observations of the species including calls, locations, and behavior. If cavity trees are located within an area, their locations will be recorded using a handheld GPS unit and marked on an aerial field map. Activity status, cavity stage, and any entrance enlargement will be assessed and recorded. The key end products of this survey will include the following data to be provided to the USFWS:

· Information sheet(s) including field survey dates, start and end times, survey daily weather information, total number of red-cockaded woodpeckers observed, and behavior; and. · Aerial photograph(s) depicting the current Project corridor, locations of any field-verified suitable nesting habitat with pedestrian transects, locations of any documented cavity trees, and all red-cockaded woodpeckers observed while conducting the survey or any other time including flight directions.

Note: If occupied nesting or foraging habitat is confirmed within the Project corridor, Sabal Trail will consult with USFWS.

Eastern Indigo Snake (Drymarchon couperi) The eastern indigo snake uses of a broad range of habitats and it potentially may occur within the Sabal Trail disturbance area; however, no individuals have been documented during the preliminary field surveys of the Project corridor. Based on initial desktop research, potential species occurrence in Georgia includes Brooks (historic), Colquitt (historic), and Lowndes Counties. Potential occurrences along the Project corridor in Florida include Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, Madison, Marion, Orange, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, and Suwannee Counties. Based on data review from the FWC Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, anticipated areas for indigo observations along the Project corridor in Florida could include southeastern Lake County, southwestern Marion County near the Citrus County line/Adams 6

Hammock, Gilchrist County near Dry Prairie Hammock, southern Suwannee County, and western Hamilton County.

According to the USFWS Survey Protocol for the Eastern Indigo Snake in North and Central Florida (September 2011), even though not commonly seen, eastern indigo snakes might be found throughout peninsular Florida in all terrestrial habitats and hydric hammocks that have not suffered high-density urban development (Moler 1985, 1992). In south Florida, the eastern indigo snake is thought to be more widely distributed than in other parts of its range. In central and coastal Florida, they are found mainly on higher elevation sandy ridges where they use gopher tortoise burrows when available. On the sandy central ridge of south Florida, eastern indigo snakes use gopher tortoise burrows more (62 percent) than other underground refugia (Layne and Steiner 1996). Subterranean refugia used in these areas include burrows of armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus), cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), and land crabs (Cardisoma spp.); burrows of unknown origin; natural ground holes; hollows at the base of trees or shrubs; ground litter; trash piles; and crevices of rock-lined ditch walls (Layne and Steiner 1996). Eastern indigo snakes also inhabit some agricultural lands (e.g., sugar cane fields and associated canal banks) (Layne and Steiner 1996). In Georgia, indigo snakes overwinter in gopher tortoise burrows in sandhills but use a wide variety of other habitats during the rest of the year.

Protection Measures Protocol Due to the temporary nature of the habitat impacts proposed for the project, and based on initial discussion with USFWS Jacksonville office, Sabal Trail will follow the USFWS Standard Protection Measures for the Eastern Indigo Snake (Plan) (August 2013) and is not planning on specific preconstruction surveys. These standard protection measures include temporarily relocating all gopher tortoises from the corridor immediately prior to construction by excavating all tortoise burrows. Any indigo snake found in a burrow or within the Project corridor will be allowed to escape unharmed and without handling. The eastern indigo snake protection/education plan developed by the USFWS in Florida for all construction and survey personnel will be utilized for the project in all three states. At least 30 days prior to any clearing or land alteration activities, Sabal Trail will notify the appropriate USFWS Ecological Services Field Office (ESFO) that the detailed Plan will be implemented. With the notification of compliance with the Plan as described in detail in the above referenced document (including the use of the provided poster and brochure), it is understood that no written confirmation or approval from the USFWS is needed and Sabal Trail can move forward with the project upon sending this notice. The Plan materials will consist of the following: 1) combination of posters and pamphlets; and 2) verbal educational instructions to construction personnel by supervisory or management personnel before any clearing or land alteration activities are initiated. The Plan is summarized below. Informational posters will be placed at strategic locations along the construction corridor and along any proposed access roads. Posters will be sized 11”x17” laminated and will be identical to those provided by the USFWS. Posters will provide detailed information including: 1) a physical description of the eastern indigo snake; 2) similar snake species; 3) life history of the eastern indigo snake, including habitats and breeding information; 4) protections afforded to eastern indigo snakes under Federal and State Law, including information on the penalties for violating

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these laws; 5) specific instructions for what to do if a live eastern indigo snake is observed on the site; 6) specific instructions for what do to if a dead eastern indigo snake is observed on the site; and 7) telephone numbers for the appropriate ESFO to be contacted if a live or dead eastern indigo snake is encountered. Before construction, these educational posters will be posted by the designated agent in the construction offices and throughout the construction corridor, including access roads. Prior to construction the designated agent will conduct a meeting with all construction staff and on an annual basis (if needed) to discuss the information contained in the poster (above). Construction staff will be informed of the proper field and reporting procedures in the event that live or dead eastern indigo snakes are observed. During construction and initial site clearing, an onsite observer may be utilized to determine whether existing habitat conditions suggest a reasonable probability of an eastern indigo snake sighting. Periodically during the construction activities, the designated agent will visit the project areas to observe condition of all posters and all other Plan materials and replace them as necessary. Construction personnel will continually be reminded of the detailed instructions on what is expected of them if any eastern indigo snakes are observed. As part of the Plan, a post construction monitoring report will be submitted to USFWS within 60 days of the project completion. This report will be submitted regardless of whether or not eastern indigo snakes are observed. The report will be electronically emailed to the appropriate USFWS email address listed in the Plan.

Florida Sand Skink (Plestiodon reynoldsi) and Blue-tailed Mole Skink (Plestiodon egregius lividus) During initial field surveys, potential Florida sand skink tracks were observed in Osceola County. Within the Project corridor, sand skinks are known to occur in Marion, Lake, Polk, Orange, and Osceola Counties, while the blue-tailed mole skink occurs only in Polk and Osceola Counties. Based on an initial GIS desktop analysis, the current Project corridor intersects the Consultation Area for the species in Marion, Lake, Polk, Orange, and Osceola Counties.

Survey Methodology (planned to be conducted March-May 2014) The USFWS (October 2011) Sand Skink and Blue-tailed Mole Skink Survey Protocol for Peninsular Florida will be followed for pedestrian surveys to determine presence of sand skinks. Blue-tailed mole skinks will be presumed present at any site with sand skinks in Polk and Osceola Counties. A total of 374 acres of potentially suitable habitat was identified within the species Consultation Area based on the available soil information within the current Project corridor and an aerial review of the existing habitats by experienced biologists. The following soil types were targeted to identify potentially suitable habitat: Candler, Apopka, Tavares, Pomello, Paola, Astatula, Satellite, and Kendrick. Soil types were further limited to elevations 82 feet above sea level or higher. The proposed pedestrian survey will determine if skinks are present. This survey will be conducted throughout all identified potentially suitable habitats, focusing on bare sand patches. Experienced biologists will look for the distinctive “S” shaped tracks of the sand skink in bare sand during calm, dry days. Surveys will be avoided during periods when tracks are not likely to 8

be observed: after a rainfall, when the soil is moist, or during excessively windy conditions. As noted above, in areas where sand skink tracks are present within the distribution of blue-tailed mole skinks, both species will be presumed present. If it cannot be determined whether an observed track was made by sand skinks, biologists will photograph the tracks and provide these with the survey data. If the results of pedestrian surveys successfully detect skink tracks on any portion of the Project corridor, presence of skinks will be confirmed. The key end products of this survey will include the following data to be provided to USFWS:

· Information sheet including field survey dates, start and end times, survey daily weather information, total number of sand skink tracks observed, and all skink observations. · Photo documentation of tracks at all sites where detected. · Aerial photograph depicting the current Project corridor, mapped habitat locations, pedestrian survey tracks, and any skink track locations.

Note: If the pedestrian survey does not locate skink tracks, a more intensive coverboard survey may be requested. This survey would follow the Coverboard Survey Methodology as provided in the USFWS (October 2011) Sand Skink and Blue-tailed Mole Skink Survey Protocol for Peninsular Florida. Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) During initial field survey of the Project corridor, documentation of suitable habitat, gopher tortoise individuals, or their burrows were recorded in each of the eleven surveyed counties in Florida and six of the eight surveyed counties in Georgia. Based on initial desktop analysis, gopher tortoises are likely to occur throughout the majority of the suitable upland habitats associated with the Project corridor in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida.

Survey Methodology (initial 15 % surveys planned to be conducted April-October 2014) According to Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) Gopher Tortoise Permitting Guidelines (April 2013), all potentially occupied burrows (active and inactive) within the construction right-of-way, and burrows within 25 feet of any proposed construction disturbance, will need to be excavated and the tortoise safely relocated from the Project corridor. As a part of the gopher tortoise relocation permitting process for the Sabal Trail Project, FWC will require detailed surveys for tortoise be conducted in accordance with the standard methodology of the FWC for Temporary Exclusion Permit for Major Linear Utility Corridors (April 2013). This methodology will be applied in Georgia and Alabama as well, in order utilize best available scientific methods and ensure consistency in surveys and planning for the Project. Prior to surveying, and based on both the available FLUCFCS and National Land Cover data within the Project corridor, a total of 11,958 acres of potentially suitable and potentially occupied habitat was mapped within the existing upland communities in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Specific field surveys within the Project corridor will be conducted by FWC-Authorized Gopher Tortoise Agents and designated Assistants to Authorized Agents (FL). Surveys will include the initial 15 percent pedestrian survey of suitable and representative potentially suitable habitats to locate gopher tortoise burrows and to estimate the overall density of gopher tortoises within the Project corridor to assist in future permitting. Designation of evenly spaced belt transects will be

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distributed across all potentially occupied tortoise habitat. Maximum transect widths will be 16 meters (52 feet), and in areas with heavy vegetative cover the width of each transect will be reduced to allow for the detection of burrows within the transect. The total area covered by transects will be calculated to adjust for the reduced width. Burrows will be categorized as active, inactive, or abandoned. Each burrow will be staked and marked with highly visible flagging tape in the field for future identification. The location of each flagged burrow will be recorded using a handheld GPS unit. GPS coordinates will be provided for all burrows observed within, or partially within, the boundaries of each transect, and the centerline of each transect will be recorded. The key end products of this survey will include the following data to be provided to the FWC to support permit applications, including:

• All mapped potentially suitable and/or potentially occupied habitat within the current Project corridor • Locations of all pedestrian transects • GPS locations of observed burrows with an associated activity status For each transect, the raw data will be summarized in a table (transect dimensions, number of burrows by activity class, number of burrows by size class, and burrow density per acre). The average tortoise density will be reported using the following calculation:

(Total Potentially Occupied Burrows) x (0.50) = Tortoises/Acre (Total Acres within Survey Area)

Overall, the number of tortoises within the Project corridor will be estimated using the following formula:

Estimated No. of Tortoises = Tortoises/Acre x Acres of Occupied Habitat Note: A 100 percent coverage survey will be completed and submitted a minimum of 90 days before initiation of relocation efforts prior to the start of clearing for construction within all segments of the Project corridor.

Southeastern American Kestrel (Falco sparverius paulus) No kestrels have been observed within the Project corridor, but initial field surveys occurred outside of the appropriate survey window for the Florida-listed Southeastern American kestrel. Based on an initial desktop analysis, potential species occurrence along the Project corridor includes Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, Madison, Marion, Orange, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, and Suwannee Counties. According to Stys (1993), based on FLUCFCS, the following habitats are considered to have potential to support Southeastern American kestrels: recreational land, improved pasture, unimproved pasture, woodland pasture, specialty farms, other open lands, herbaceous rangeland, coniferous forest, pine flatwoods, longleaf xeric-oak, pine-mesic oak, xeric oak, hardwood- conifer mixed, mixed hardwood, forest regeneration areas, rural land in transition without positive indication of intended activity, and burned areas.

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Survey Methodology (planned to be conducted April-August 2014) The FWC Ecology and Habitat Protection Needs of the Southeastern American Kestrel (Falco sparverius paulus) on Large-Scale Development Sites in Florida, Nongame Wildlife Technical Report No 13 (Stys 1993) will be utilized for guidance, but specific methodologies will follow recommendations for a modified survey based on initial discussions with FWC Orlando office. Proposed methodologies are summarized below. Prior to surveying, based on the available FLUCFCS within the current Project corridor, a total of 3,986 acres of potentially suitable and potentially occupied habitat was identified within the existing upland communities in Florida. The primary goal of our proposed methodology is to determine the number, if any, of southeastern American kestrels or kestrel pairs within the Project corridor and mapping of nest sites. A single occurrence of a combination of vehicular and pedestrian transects will be conducted throughout the previously identified potentially suitable habitat. Transect length and distance between transects will vary based on existing vegetative conditions. Surveys will be conducted during the spring and summer (April – August) during the morning hours, on calm, clear days. For driving transects, a driving speed of 10 – 25 mph will be maintained, varying in response to terrain, road condition, and visibility. Pedestrian transects will be walked at a steady pace. Biologists will look for and record any signs of kestrel activity including kestrels perched on fencerows, telephone poles and lines, and trees, kestrels flying or hovering or where kestrels were exhibiting courtship, breeding, or territorial defense behaviors. Biologists will locate and investigate potential nest sites on foot. Although longleaf pine snags are the most utilized for nesting, biologist will examine possible nest sites in all types of trees or utility structures. Measurements at a nest site will include tree species, stage of decay, and nest tree health. If the nest site is in a man-made structure, the type of structure, physical state of structure and location of the nest within or on the structure will be noted. Kestrel sightings will be recorded on field maps and GPS coordinates will be collected. Flight paths and landing locations will also be recorded along with behavioral and vocalization notes. The key end products of this survey will include the following data to be provided to the FWC, including:

· Information sheet including field survey dates, start and end times, survey daily weather information, total number of kestrel observations, and all kestrel observations. · Aerial photograph depicting the current Project corridor, potentially suitable mapped habitat locations, pedestrian and vehicular survey tracks, any kestrels observed while conducting the survey or any other time including flight directions, and confirmed nest sites.

Note: If Southeastern American kestrel nest sites are documented within the Project corridor, Sabal Trail will consult with FWC.

Florida Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia floridana) No individuals or burrows were documented during initial field surveys. Based on initial desktop analysis, potential occurrence within the species range along the current Project corridor includes

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Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Lake, Levy, Marion, Orange, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, and Suwannee Counties. Potentially occupied habitat for Florida burrowing owls includes high areas with low growing grass/forb groundcover and areas of sparsely vegetated, sandy ground.

Survey Methodology (planned to be conducted April-July 2014) According to Wood (2001), determining presence or absence and abundance can be effectively achieved via widely spaces walking transects. Therefore, and due to the similar habitat types and belt transect survey methodology, surveys for the Florida burrowing owl will take place in conjunction with the initial 15 percent gopher tortoise survey in Florida. Surveys will be conducted during daylight hours when weather is conducive to observing owls outside their burrow, avoiding surveys during heavy rain, high winds, or dense fog. As stated by Wood (2001), the accuracy of survey data can be affected by the time of year and time of day that surveys occur. Though Florida burrowing owls can be active year round, the species is more active during the breeding season (February 15 to July 10), and surveys are intended to be completed during this timeframe for the most effective results. Individual burrows will be classified as active when owls are in attendance but also when observed burrows are decorated with shredded paper, tinfoil or other debris. Locations of all observed burrows will be obtained with a handheld GPS unit. Additional notes will include numbers of breeding pairs and any juveniles, flight paths, and behavior. Note: If active Florida burrowing owl burrows are documented within the Project corridor, Sabal Trail will consult with FWC.

Sherman’s Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger shermani) Four individuals were documented during initial field surveys in Lake, Gilchrist, and Sumter Counties, Florida. Based on initial desktop analysis, potential occurrence within the species range along the current Project corridor includes Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, Madison, Marion, Orange, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, and Suwannee Counties. Potentially occupied habitat for Sherman’s fox squirrel includes open, mature, upland pine-oak communities in addition to bottomland, upland forests, and cypress dome and strands when adjacent to or interspersed within a pine-oak community. Suburban parks and golf courses and a number of pine-oak improved pastures may also be utilized by the species (Wood 2001).

Survey Methodology (planned to be conducted April-August 2014) According to Wood (2001), due to the fox squirrel’s size and striking color patterns in combination with the fact that they occupy relatively open habitats, the animals are typically conspicuous when present. For this reason, the initial belt transects to locate gopher tortoise burrows will also be effective in documenting the presence of Sherman’s fox squirrels. In open habitats transects will be spaced approximately 300 feet apart and in denser habitats, transects will be spaced according with regard to range of visibility. Sherman’s fox squirrels can be observed year round, but peak periods of breeding activity occur between May-July and again December-January. During this time vocalizations are frequent and male and female individuals interact with one another during mating chases. If Sherman’s fox squirrels are present during the breeding season, and in areas where the species has previously 12

been documented, experienced biologists will locate any nest sites within the current Project corridor utilizing foot investigations. Locations of all Sherman’s fox squirrels will be obtained with a handheld GPS unit. Additional notes will include numbers of individuals or breeding pairs and any observed behaviors. Nest site locations within the corridor will also be recorded using a handheld GPS unit. Foraging areas will also be mapped, if known. If a nest site is believed to be in a location outside of the current Project corridor, approximate location will be recorded on a field map. Note: If Sherman’s fox squirrel nest sites are documented within the Project corridor, Sabal Trail will consult with FWC.

Southeastern Pocket Gopher (Geomys pinetis) The southeastern pocket gopher is state protected in Alabama and Georgia. No individuals were documented during initial field surveys. Based on initial desktop analysis, potential occurrence within the species range along the current Project corridor includes Russell County in Alabama and Brooks and Dougherty Counties in Georgia.

Based on Southern Wildlife Consults Survey of the Current Distribution of the Southeastern Pocket Gopher in Georgia submitted to GADNR (June 2008), little information is available on current distribution and availability of suitable habitat. The results of the survey indicated a clear relationship between the presence of pocket gophers and longleaf and sandhill type habitats. In addition, longleaf pine forests converted to cropland, pasture or pine plantations may be less conducive to pocket gophers. According to the Southern Wildlife Consults (2008) survey, potential habitat in Georgia includes all counties intersected by the current Project corridor, and both historic and new locations were mapped in Brooks and Dougherty Counties.

Survey Methodology (planned to be conducted April-August 2014) A broad approach to determine species presences and distribution will be utilized. In Georgia and Alabama, sightings of active mounds will be identified during the initial pedestrian belt transects to locate gopher tortoise burrows. Locations of mounds will be obtained using a handheld GPS unit and mapped on aerial photographs of the current Project corridor. Representative photographs of mounds will be taken.

Federally Listed Species of Plants Based on initial desktop analysis, 32 federally listed plant species were initially identified as having the potential to occur within the Project corridor based on general range information. Of these 32 federally listed plants, three were documented during the preliminary field reconnaissance of the Project corridor including Canby’s Dropwort (Oxypolis canbyi), American Chaffseed (Schwalbea americana), and Cooley’s Meadowrue (Thalictrum cooleyi) all in Dougherty County, Georgia. The likelihood of all other potential species to occur along the right of way ranges from “highly unlikely” to “likely”. A more in depth analysis was then conducted on the existing habitats and the potential for listed plant species occurrence on or near the current Project corridor. A total of twelve species were identified as having a “possible” to “likely” chance to occur and also have potential habitat identified within the current Project corridor. Habitats were identified using the best available data which includes FLUCFCS in Florida and National Land Cover in Alabama and Georgia.

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Survey Methodology Individual patches of identified potential habitat are relatively small, so the entirety of it will be surveyed (by a team of biologists who have been trained to recognize the species) by walking meandering transects across each habitat during the time period when the species should be visible, if present. In all cases, transects will cover 100% of the identified suitable habitat within the current Project corridor. All surveys will be documented using GPS tracking and GPS locations of any of listed plants will be recorded and mapped. Representative photographs of all federally listed plant species will be taken. Survey methods and timing need to vary by species. The following information outlines the specific species surveys and schedules that will be followed for the Project.

American Chaffseed, Britton’s Bear-Grass (Nolina brittoniana), and Relict Trillium (Trillium reliquum) (planned to be conducted April 2014 ) American Chaffseed occurs in areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Florida within moist, grassy ecotones around ponds in longleaf pine sandhills, longleaf pine savannas, sandhills, and flatwoods. This species is highly dependent on fire management. Surveys will focus on 650 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range. This survey will be conducted during times when the plant is flowering, which includes the month of April. Britton’s Bear-Grass occurs in Florida within dry pinewoods, sandhill, and sand pine scrub. This survey will be conducted between March and December when the plant is in bloom or fruit, as it is most conspicuous during that time frame. Surveys will focus on 204 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range. Relict Trillium occurs in areas of Georgia and Alabama within hardwood forests, often on steep slopes. The appropriate survey window includes early spring months. Surveys will focus on 14 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range.

Florida Bonamia (Bonamia grandiflora), Short-Leaved Rosemary (Conradina brevifolia), Scrub Buckwheat (Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium), Lewton’s Polygala (Polygala lewtonii), and Scrub Plum (Prunus geniculata) (planned to be conducted May 2014) Florida Bonamia occurs within openings or disturbed areas in white sand scrub on central Florida ridges with scrub oaks, sand pines, and lichens. The appropriate survey window is May- September. Surveys will focus on 100 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range. Short-Leaved Rosemary occurs in central Florida in sand pine scrub. The species is visible year round, but most individuals flower in spring. Surveys will focus on 13 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range. Scrub Buckwheat occurs in sandhills, scrub on yellow sands, high pinelands between scrub and sandhill and turkey oak barrens in Florida. Surveys will be conducted between May and October or following fire. Surveys will focus on 86 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range. Lewton’s Polygala occurs in Florida within oak scrub, sandhills, and transition zones between high pine and turkey oak barrens. Surveys will be conducted in spring in May. Surveys will focus on 86 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range.

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Scrub Plum occurs in sandhill and oak scrub in central Florida. The species is fruiting in March- May, but the species is recognizable year round. Surveys will focus on 138 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range.

Cooley’s Meadowrue (planned to be conducted June 2014) Cooley’s Meadowrue occurs in Georgia in wet savannas. The appropriate survey window is June and surveys will occur at this time in Dougherty and Mitchell Counties, Georgia. Surveys will focus on 7 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range.

Cooley’s Water-Willow (Justicia cooleyi), Florida Filmy Fern (Trichonames punctatum floridanum), and Canby’s Dropwort (planned to be conducted August-September 2014) Surveys for Cooley’s Water-Willow will focus on moist hardwood forests and rises in hammocks or swamps along the current Project corridor in Lake and Sumter Counties in Florida. In practice, such areas are limited to mesic woods, much of which is close to the stream crossings. Such areas will be surveyed when the plant is blooming and most recognizable (June- November). Surveys will focus on 150 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range. Florida Filmy Fern occurs on tree trunks in hammocks, and edges of limesinks and limestone boulders, often in association with mosses and liverworts. Surveys will focus on potentially suitable areas in Sumter County, Florida. This species can be identified year round. Surveys will focus on 132 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range. Canby’s Dropwort occurs on edges of ponds, sloughs, bays and wet savannas in Dougherty, Lee, and Terrell Counties in Georgia. The appropriate survey window for this species is August- October. Surveys will focus on 155 acres of potentially suitable habitat identified within the species’ range.

Aerial Helicopter Surveys Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) According to the FWC Bald Eagle Nest Locater Database, 13 bald eagle nest locations are known to occur within one mile of the current Project corridor in the state of Florida. In Georgia, five known occurrences have been reported within a three-mile radius of the Project corridor according to the Natural Heritage Database. In Alabama, no occurrences have been reported within a three-mile radius of the Project corridor. During the preliminary field surveys of the Project corridor, five bald eagles were observed in Florida: one individual in harvested planted pine area in Levy County, one juvenile flying over improved pasture in Levy County, one adult perched in Marion County, one juvenile perched in Marion County, and an active nest with two adults present at another location in Marion County.

Survey Methodology (planned to be conducted February 2014) The FWC Eagle Nest Locator database, the Georgia DNR Natural Heritage data, the Alabama DCNR Natural Heritage Program data, and initial field survey data have been reviewed and all known nests in the vicinity of the Project corridor have been mapped. Bald eagles are protected under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (BGEPA) and, as such, a 660 foot protection zone with restrictions exists during the nesting season for any active nests. Nesting activity status will be recorded for all bald eagle nests located within 660 feet (approximate) of the Project 15

corridor centerline. Nest locations will be documented with a photograph, approximate GPS coordinates obtained in the helicopter, and nesting status will be recorded. In the Southeastern U.S., nesting season occurs between October 1 to May 30 with eggs generally laid in December and early January. Aerial helicopter surveys will take place in late February on calm, clear days, with good visibility. Flights will not be conducted during inclement weather or winds > 20 knots. Experienced biologists will conduct the surveys while an experienced pilot maintains an air speed of 60-80 knots and an altitude of about 300 feet, which is an appropriate distance to avoid disturbance. Where tree cover is dense, the pilot will be asked to circle and make additional passes until the area is covered thoroughly. Biologists will use binoculars and a camera that features substantial optical and digital zoom. This technique minimizes disturbance to the birds by allowing for nest photos to be examined in much closer detail on the computer rather than with binoculars. The key end products of the survey will include the following data:

· Information sheet including field survey dates, start and end times, survey daily weather information. · Aerial photograph of the current Project corridor with aerial helicopter survey flight path, all nest locations, and activity status. · Photo documentation. · General observational notes at each nest including number of adult eagles, number of eggs, nestlings, or fledglings, and behavior (e.g., adult in incubating posture).

Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) and Other Colonial Nesting Water Birds No individuals have been documented during the preliminary field surveys of the Project corridor. Two wood stork colonies are documented within three miles of the Project corridor in Georgia based on the Natural Heritage Database. In Alabama, no occurrences have been reported within a three-mile radius of the Project corridor. Based on an initial GIS desktop analysis, the corridor intersects Core Foraging Areas (CFA) for wood stork colonies in all counties intersected along the Project corridor in Florida. An initial review of known colony locations suggest that foraging habitat is the primary habitat value for wood storks along the Project corridor. Most critical to foraging is food availability during the nesting period. The types of wetlands that provide forage to storks include drying marshes or stock ponds, shallow roadside or agricultural ditches, and depressions in cypress heads or sloughs. However, wood storks can potentially utilize all wetlands habitats along the Project corridor for foraging, with foraging at any given wetland occurring principally during times when water levels are above the land surface but low enough for the “tactile foraging” technique used by this species. Foraging areas shift with time as water levels change.

Survey Methodology (planned to be conducted March, May, and June 2014) All known wood stork colonies within the Project corridor and those whose core foraging area (CFA; i.e., area within 15 miles of each colony) intersect the corridor have been obtained and mapped. In addition, state-listed colonial nesting water bird data will be obtained from FWC and Natural Heritage Program databases. The proposed survey methodology will utilize aerial helicopter surveys as these are an effective technique available to cover large areas. Aerial helicopter flights will be used to assess any 16

wood stork or other listed colonial nesting water birds colonies within the Project corridor in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Aerial observations will be conducted once per month for three total months during the nesting season. All flights will be conducted on days with little or no wind or rain, and good visibility at elevations of about 300 feet. Two experienced biologists will fly the established route (one on either side of the helicopter). At each wetland, the pilot will be asked to maintain adequate altitude as to not disturb any water birds that are present and to circle the wetland as necessary to get an accurate count and identification of species. A GPS will be used to record each survey route and a location point will be recorded for each colony observed. Nests will be counted and locations of colonies will be mapped on a current color aerial. For wetlands with foraging wood storks, individuals will be counted and recorded on a per-wetland basis. In addition to wood storks, the ecologists will record other observed water birds species per types of wetlands.

Other Florida State-Listed Colonial Nesting Water Birds [Little Blue Heron (Egretta caerulea), Snowy Egret (Egretta thula), Tricolored Heron (Egretta tricolor), White Ibis (Eudocimus albus), and Roseate Spoonbill (Ajaja ajaja)] No colonial nesting water bird colonies have been documented during the preliminary field surveys of the Project corridor. Two water bird colonies are documented within three miles of the Project corridor in the state of Georgia based on the Natural Heritage Database. In Alabama, no occurrences have been reported within a three-mile radius of the Project corridor. In Florida, no occurrences have been reported within a three-mile radius of the Project corridor according to FNAI. Colonial nesting water birds will be documented if observed during the aerial helicopter surveys conducted for bald eagles and wood storks. A significant amount of preferred foraging habitat for wading birds has been identified within the Project corridor including ponds, lakes, and wetlands. The key end products of this aerial survey will include the following data:

· A list of known colonies whose foraging areas intersect the Project corridor. · Information sheet including field survey dates, start and end times, survey daily weather information. · Aerial photograph of the current Project corridor with survey flight path, locations of any colonies, and nest counts. · Observations and counts of foraging individuals on a per-wetland basis.

Florida Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis pratensis) and Limpkin (Aramus guarauna) The Florida sandhill crane has been observed and reported on four separate occasions during initial field surveys of the Project corridor in Lake and Sumter Counties. No limpkins have been recorded. The Florida sandhill crane is typically found in open prairies, and spends much of the year foraging in a variety of upland habitats including improved pasture, open pine forest, and agricultural croplands. Florida sandhill cranes nest in shallow freshwater marshes. The limpkin inhabits a wide range of habitats from freshwater marshes and swamps to sugarcane fields and banks of irrigation canals. The limpkin has a wide range of nesting sites including mounds of

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marsh grasses and high in trees. All of these habitats have been identified within the current Project corridor in Florida.

Survey Protocol (planned to be conducted February, March and May 2014) The proposed survey methodology utilizes aerial helicopter surveys as they are an effective technique available for large areas. Florida sandhill crane nests are usually large and conspicuous, making them easy to locate and identify from the air. Prior to sampling, potential habitats will be identified and mapped and flight paths will be established to provide as close to 100% coverage as possible. Aerial surveys will be conducted during February and May (concurrent with bald eagle and wood stork nesting surveys where possible), and will take place on calm clear days with good visibility. Two experienced biologists will fly the established route (one on either side of the helicopter) with the pilot maintaining an optimal altitude of about 300 feet. When nests or foraging cranes are spotted, the pilot will be asked to maintain adequate altitude and circle the area as necessary to get an accurate count. Three separate sampling events will take place, spaced several weeks apart, throughout the breeding season. Depending on the area of land to be covered, each sampling event may take multiple days to complete. A GPS will be used to record the survey path and locations of Florida sandhill crane and limpkin individuals or nest sites. Biologists will note any observations that can be used to help determine the extent of utilization of the surveyed area. A map will be provided showing the helicopter route for each survey and counts of nests and individuals observed.

Aquatic Surveys Mussels Mussel sampling techniques will follow the Freshwater Mussel Survey Protocol (Protocol) developed by USFWS and the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) specifically for the drainages within the Project corridor throughout Florida, Georgia, and eastern Alabama (Carlson et al. 2008). This Protocol was written for the expressed purpose of determining presence/absence of protected species. The guidelines prescribed by the Protocol are specific yet flexible, particularly with respect to seasonality and size of the survey area. Coordination with USFWS will occur prior to each survey to determine exactly how the Protocol can be best adapted to a specific crossing.

Survey Area The Protocol defines the extent of the survey area as the Prescribed Search Area (PSA) and offers different PSAs for wadeable and nonwadeable systems. The goal of the PSA is to encompass a range of mussel habitats, as well as contain the cumulative impacts, both upstream and downstream, of the proposed activity. For these reasons, the exact limits of the PSA need to be decided during coordination with USFWS on a site-specific basis. The standard PSA for wadeable streams is 100 meters upstream and 300 meters downstream from the proposed impact area. The Protocol does not specify a PSA for nonwadeable streams, other than to direct the surveyor to USFWS for case-by-case review. Nonwadeable PSAs are generally expected to encompass more area to accommodate a larger water body. Previous surveys have been performed surveys in nonwadeable waters with PSAs as short as 46 meters 18

and as long as 2,500 meters. Given the nature of horizontal directional drilling (HDD) no in- water work is proposed unless there is an unanticipated frac-out. If a frac-out occurs the HDD contingency plan would be implemented which will include consultation with USACE and USFWS prior to additional work being conducted. It is possible that PSAs (both wadeable and nonwadeable) may be shorter than standard lengths. This will be decided on a site-specific basis during coordination with USFWS.

Survey Timing and Hydrologic Regime The Protocol defines an appropriate survey window as the end of April through the end of November; although, it qualifies this timeframe as flexible based on climatic conditions and reproductive behavior of target species. Sabal Trail proposes to perform all survey work during this timeframe and will coordinate with USFWS as early as possible if conditions are otherwise. Survey timing will also take into account the present and antecedent hydrologic conditions of the waterbody. When available, surveyors will consult United States Geologic Survey (USGS) stream monitoring gauges to determine whether the stage and flow are indicative of a stable regime. Surveys will only be scheduled only during periods when flow measures within the 25th - 75th percentiles.

Survey Methodology All mussel surveys will be qualitative (i.e., presence/absence) unless otherwise directed by USFWS. Should USFWS require a quantitative survey, then a study design will be drafted and proposed based on the specifics of the crossing. Surveys will be conducted via tactile and visual means and will be aided by snorkeling in shallower areas (< 1 meter depth) and SCUBA diving in deeper habitats. Survey efforts will begin at the downstream-most end of the PSA and gradually progress upstream at a pace that allows all productive habitats to be adequately inspected. Within smaller wadeable creeks, natural landmarks such as vegetation or bank characteristics will be used to keep track of surveyed area to ensure that the PSA is thoroughly inspected. For larger systems Sabal Trail may employ the use of dive chains to compartmentalize sampling blocks to achieve the same goal. All mussel surveys will be conducted in the presence of staff having a section 10(a)(1)(A) recovery permit, as well as applicable state scientific collecting permits. All native Unionids collected will be gathered in mesh bags and periodically sorted and enumerated by species. Survey times will be recorded and Catch-Per-Unit-Effort (CPUE) will be calculated and reported for each species. Shell length will also be recorded to the nearest mm for all state and/or federally listed species. Non-listed mussels will be returned to the general area from which they were collected following data collection. Listed species will be carefully rebedded near their point of extraction with posterior end oriented up. Sabal Trail is not proposing to tag any mussels, since tagging can be considered a form of ‘take’, but we have the resources to affix vinyl glue and/or Passive Inductive Transponder (PIT) tags, should USFWS request it. Sub-meter accuracy GPS points will be collected at the upstream and downstream termini of the PSA, as well as at each location where a listed individual, or cluster of listed individuals, is found. Representative photographs of each species will be recorded, as well as general habitat conditions within the PSA. Physiochemical data (pH, conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen) will be measured using properly calibrated YSI multi-parameter sondes.

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Fish and Crayfish Fish sampling techniques will generally follow the standard operating procedures (SOP) outlined by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR) for fish biomonitoring in wadeable streams (GADNR 2005). This SOP was developed for the purpose of assessing overall community health and not for determining presence/absence of a particular species; therefore, modifications are necessary to ensure that sampling effort is appropriately tailored to the life history characteristics of each target species. However, the general guidance of this document as it pertains to sampling equipment, survey area, and seasonality are readily compatible and form the basis for our methodology.

Survey Area and Timing The survey extent will be positioned such that the Project corridor bisects the determined survey length. Survey length will be calculated as 35 times the mean stream width (MSW). MSW will be determined by averaging measured width (to the nearest 0.1 m) at a minimum of five randomly selected transects located within 50 meters upstream and downstream from the Project corridor. Surveys will generally be scheduled to occur during April through October of 2014; although, this timeframe will remain flexible based on prevailing climatic conditions, namely temperature and rainfall. Surveys will not occur when water temperatures are below 10oC. Survey timing will also take into account both present and antecedent hydrologic conditions of the waterbody. When available, surveyors will consult United States Geologic Survey (USGS) stream monitoring gauges to determine whether the stage and flow are indicative of a stable regime. Surveys will only be scheduled only during periods when flow measures within the 25th - 75th percentiles.

Survey Methodology Fish and crayfish will be collected via single-pass backpack electrofishing using pulsed DC current produced from a Smith-Root LR-24 backpack electrofisher unit (BPEF) in accordance with conventional electrofishing techniques as described by Reynolds (1996). Streams with a MSW measuring 5-10 meters will be surveyed using a BPEF. Streams wider than 10 meters will be sampled by multiple BPEFs or with a barge electrofisher. Best professional judgment will be used to determine the exact number and type of electrofishing equipment necessary for the site conditions. A minimum of two surveyors will be used for single BPEF surveys; one to carry the BPEF and one to serve as dip netter. A minimum of five surveyors will be used for multiple BPEF surveys or during barge electrofishing surveys. Sampling will begin at the downstream-most end of the survey length and gradually progress upstream at a pace that allows all available habitats to be adequately sampled. Seine nets will be used in conjunction with electrofishing equipment to help ensure capture of all stunned animals. Seine nets will be posited at the downstream end of a stream feature (riffle, run, pool) prior to electrical sampling. In cobble-dominated riffles, the BPEF operator and dip netters upstream from the seine net will shuffle their feet against the substrate to dislodge any stunned fish that may be wedged amongst the rocks. A D-frame invertebrate dipnet will also be used to target crayfish within undercut banks, submerged aquatic vegetation, and inundated macrophytes.

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Stunned fish will be dip netted and held in a five-gallon bucket with routinely replenished water to await processing once the entire reach has been surveyed. During processing, readily identifiable fish will be identified to species, enumerated, examined for external anomalies, and mass-weighed by species before being released. Representative photographs of each species will be collected, as well as the general habitat conditions within the survey reach. Physiochemical data (pH, conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen) will be measured using properly calibrated YSI multi-parameter sondes.

Projected Aquatic Survey Effort Florida - Proposed Pipeline Crossings Consultation with Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI) produced no records of state listed species within the Project corridor crossings. Also, there are no known occurrences of federally protected mussels or intersections with mussel Critical Habitat along the Project corridor in Florida.

The Project corridor does intersect Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) Critical Habitat at two locations along the upper Suwannee and lower Withlacoochee Rivers. Physical sampling of Gulf sturgeon is not recommended in order to avoid the undue stress related to gill net capture.

Georgia - Proposed Pipeline Crossings Initial consultation with the GADNR database listed specific water bodies of consideration; however, only areas crossed by the Project corridor have been proposed for surveys at this time.

Chattahoochee River (GADNR Point 1: 32.18766, -84.98274) The GADNR Natural Heritage Program contains record of the state listed bluestripe shiner (Cyprinella callitaenia) occurring within one mile of this crossing. Survey for this species is not feasible due to the size of the nonwadeable waterbody; therefore, no survey efforts are being proposed for this crossing. The bluestripe shiner spawns during May – June by depositing eggs in the crevices of submerged logs or fractured rocks. There is no record of any other state listed fish species within the vicinity of this crossing and the Project corridor does not intersect Critical Habitat for fish or mussels.

Hannahatchee Creek (GADNR Point 2: 32.15352, -84.93080) The GADNR Natural Heritage Program has record of the state listed bluestripe shiner (Cyprinella callitaenia) and blacktip shiner (Lythrurus atrapiculus) occurring within one-half mile of this crossing. Review of aerial imagery of the proposed crossing location indicates favorable habitat for these species within the Hannahatchee; therefore, a fish survey will be conducted prior to construction activities if HDD is not proposed as the crossing method. The Project corridor also crosses an unnamed tributary to Hannahatchee Creek approximately one mile northeast, but aerial imagery indicates a predominantly lentic habitat, likely resultant from beaver activity; therefore, a survey is only being proposed for the corridor crossing of Hannahatchee Creek proper. There is no record of any other state listed fish or crayfish species within immediate vicinity to this crossing and the Project corridor does not intersect Critical Habitat for fish or mussels.

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Coluchee Creek (GADNR Point 3: 32.13161, -84.86821) The GADNR Natural Heritage Program has record of the state listed grainy crayfish (Procambarus verrucosus) occurring in Coluchee Creek within one-half mile of the Project corridor. This species prefers lentic conditions and is commonly collected from amongst submerged aquatic vegetation or inundated wetland vegetation. A dip net survey will be conducted for this species prior to construction activities if HDD is not proposed as the crossing method. There is no record of any other state listed fish or crayfish species within Coluchee Creek and the proposed Project corridor does not intersect Critical Habitat for fish or mussels. Frog Bottom Creek (GADNR Point 4: 32.09035, -84.81324) The GADNR Natural Heritage Program has record of the state listed broadstripe shiner (Pteronotropis euryzonus) within two miles of this proposed crossing in Colochee Creek. Aerial reconnaissance indicates favorable habitat for this species at the Project corridor crossing; therefore, a fish survey will be conducted prior to construction activities if HDD is not proposed as the crossing method. There is no record of any other state listed fish or crayfish species within immediate vicinity to this crossing and the Project corridor does not intersect Critical Habitat for fish or mussels. Hodchodkee Creek (GADNR Point 5: 32.06115, -84.75322) The GADNR Natural Heritage Program has record of the state listed russetfin topminnow (Fundulus escambiae) and broadstripe shiner (Pteronotropis euryzonus) within two miles of this proposed crossing in Hodchodkee Creek. Aerial reconnaissance suggests that habitat surrounding the Project corridor may be predominantly lentic with portions of sluggish flowing water (i.e., wetland slough). This habitat may be favorable for the russetfin topminnow; therefore, a fish survey will be conducted prior to construction activities if HDD is not proposed as the crossing method. There is no record of any other state listed fish or crayfish species within immediate vicinity to this crossing and the Project corridor does not intersect Critical Habitat for fish or mussels.

Pataula Creek (GADNR Point 6: 32.03166, -84.70163) The GADNR Natural Heritage Program has record of the state listed broadstripe shiner (Pteronotropis euryzonus) within two miles of this proposed crossing. Aerial reconnaissance suggests that habitat may be favorable for this species; therefore, a fish survey will be conducted prior to construction activities if HDD is not proposed as the crossing method. There is no record of any other state listed fish or crayfish species within immediate vicinity to this crossing and the Project corridor does not intersect Critical Habitat for fish or mussels.

Lime Spring Branch (GADNR Point 7: 31.99723, -84.65546) The GADNR Natural Heritage Program has record of the state listed broadstripe shiner (Pteronotropis euryzonus) within three miles of this proposed crossing within Lime Spring Branch. Despite this proximity, the Project corridor does not propose to cross this system; therefore, a fish survey will not be necessary. There is no record of any other state listed fish or crayfish species within immediate vicinity to this crossing and the Project corridor does not intersect Critical Habitat for fish or mussels.

Bear Creek (GADNR Point 11: 31.87682, -84.44107) The GADNR Natural Heritage Program has record of the state listed Apalachicola redhorse (Moxostoma sp.) and the sculptured pigtoe mussel (Quadrula infucata) within Bear Creek two 22

and one-half miles from the proposed crossing. Despite this proximity, the Project corridor does not propose to cross this system; therefore, a fish survey will not be necessary. There is no record of any other state listed fish or crayfish species within immediate vicinity to this crossing and the Project corridor does not intersect Critical Habitat for fish or mussels.

Chickasawhatchee Creek (GADNR Point 14: 31.73414, -84.33530) The GADNR Natural Heritage Program has record of the state listed delicate spike mussel (Elliptio arctata) approximately three miles SW of the corridor in Chickasawhatchee Creek. Despite this proximity, the Project corridor does not propose to cross this system; therefore, a mussel survey will not be necessary. There is no record of any other state listed fish or crayfish species within immediate vicinity to this crossing and the Project corridor does not intersect Critical Habitat for fish or mussels.

Kiokee Creek (GADNR Point 16: 31.62987, -84.30927) The GADNR Natural Heritage Program has record of the federally endangered shinyrayed pocketbook (Hamiota subangulata), Gulf moccasinshell (Medionidus penicilatus), and the state listed delicate spike (Elliptio arctata) occurring within one and one-half miles of the Project corridor in upper Kiokee Creek. However, the exact corridor crossing is currently planned for a swampy headwater portion of this system that would not be expected to support any of the above-mentioned species; therefore, no survey efforts are being proposed for this crossing.

Cooleewahee Creek (GADNR Point 17: 31.56797, -84.30429) The GADNR Natural Heritage Program has record of the state listed downy rainbow mussel (Villosa villosa) approximately two and one-half miles NE of the Project corridor in Cooleewahee Creek. Aerial reconnaissance indicates that the corridor crosses this creek within a ditched portion that is freely accessed by cattle. Habitat degradation from both the hydrologic modification and cattle access make this habitat unsuitable for the downy rainbow mussel; therefore, a mussel survey is not being proposed for this crossing.

GADNR also provided record of the state listed Dougherty Burrowing Crayfish (Cambarus doughertyensis) and Gulf Coast Pygmy Sunfish (Elassoma gilbert) approximately two and one- half miles W of the Project corridor within Kiokee Creek. However, despite this proximity the corridor does not intersect this system; therefore, a survey for these animals is not proposed. There is no record of any other state listed fish or crayfish species within immediate vicinity to this crossing and the Project corridor does not intersect Critical Habitat for fish or mussels.

Lower Flint River (GADNR Point 20: 31.49864, -84.12088) The GADNR Natural Heritage Program has record of: the federally endangered fat threeridge (Amblema neislerii), purple bankclimber (Elliptoideus sloatianus), Gulf moccasinshell (Medionidus penicillatus); federally threatened oval pigtoe (Pleurobema pyriforme); and state listed delicate spike (Elliptio arctata), brother spike (Elliptio fraterna), winged spike (Elliptio nigella), and sculptured pigtoe (Quadrula infucata). Additionally, GADNR provided record of the state listed Doughtery Plain cave crayfish (Cambarus cryptodytes). There is no record of state listed fish species within vicinity to this crossing and the Project corridor does not intersect Critical Habitat for any of these species.

A qualitative mussel survey will be conducted for this crossing if HDD is not proposed as the crossing method. The river is non-wadeable and coordination with USFWS will be required to 23

determine the exact limits of the PSA. Boat access will be necessary to ferry personnel and dive gear. This may be problematic due to the paucity of boat launches along this portion of river.

Upper Ocklockonee River (GADNR Point 28: 31.12197, -83.79787) The GADNR Natural Heritage Program has record of the state listed metallic shiner (Pteronotropis metallicus) approximately two and one-half miles SW of the crossing within the upper Ocklockonee River. Survey for this species may not be feasible due to the size of the nonwadeable waterbody; therefore, no survey efforts are being proposed for this crossing. The metallic shiner most likely spawns during mid-summer. There is no record of any other state listed fish species within the vicinity of this crossing and the Project corridor does not intersect Critical Habitat for fish or mussels.

Withlacoochee River-A (GADNR Point 36: 30.78986, -83.46757) The GADNR Natural Heritage Program has record of the state listed spotted bullhead (Ameiurus serracanthus) and Suwannee bass (Micropterus notius) approx. one mile E of this crossing within the Withlacoochee River. Survey for these species is not feasible due to the size of the nonwadeable waterbody; therefore, no survey efforts are being proposed for this crossing. Spotted bullhead spawn during the spring. The Suwannee bass most likely spawns during mid- summer. Although considered “Rare” by GADNR, the Suwannee bass is a recreational species in Florida waters. There is no record of any other state listed fish species within vicinity to this crossing and the Project corridor does not intersect Critical Habitat for fish or mussels.

Withlacoochee River (GADNR Point 39: 30.66613, -83.31809) Withlacoochee River (GADNR Point 40: 30.64287, -83.28442) The GADNR Natural Heritage Program has record of the state listed Alabama shad (Alosa alabamae), Suwannee bass (Micropterus notius), and metallic shiner (Pteronotropis metallicus) approximately two miles SW of the crossing within the Withlacoochee River. Survey for fish species is not feasible due to the size of the nonwadeable waterbody; therefore, a fish survey is not proposed for this crossing. Spotted bullhead and Alabama shad spawn during the spring. Although considered “Rare” by GADNR, the Suwannee bass is a recreational species in Florida waters.

The GADNR Natural Heritage Program also has recorded location of the state listed delicate spike (Elliptio arctata) and downy rainbow mussel (Villosa villosa) approximately one and one- half miles W of the Project corridor within the Withlacoochee River. The corridor does not intersect the Withlacoochee River near this recorded location; however, the river is intersected approximately 25 river miles upstream and approximately 30 river miles downstream. Flow and habitat conditions are similar for the proposed crossings and the GADNR occurrence records; therefore, qualitative mussel surveys will occur at both crossings. There is no record of any other state listed fish or crayfish species within immediate vicinity to this crossing and the Project corridor does not intersect Critical Habitat for fish or mussels.

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Alabama - Proposed Pipeline Crossings

Hillabee Creek at SR 22 (32.98473, -85.86096) Records indicate the possible presence of the state listed lipstick darter (Etheostoma chuckwachatee) within this section of the Tallapoosa River. Aerial reconnaissance suggests that habitat (shoals) may be favorable for this species; therefore, a fish survey will be conducted prior to construction activities if HDD is not proposed as the crossing method. There is no record of any other state listed fish, mussel, or crayfish species within immediate vicinity to this crossing and the Project corridor does not intersect Critical Habitat for fish or mussels.

Horseshoe Bend 69 KM Down from Harris Dam (32.96685, -85.74300) Records indicate the possible presence of the state listed lipstick darter (Etheostoma chuckwachatee) within this section of the Tallapoosa River. Aerial reconnaissance suggests that habitat (shoals) may be favorable for this species; therefore, a fish survey will be conducted prior to construction activities if HDD is not proposed as the crossing method. There is no record of any other state listed fish, mussel, or crayfish species within immediate vicinity to this crossing and the Project corridor does not intersect Critical Habitat for fish or mussels.

Little Uchee Creek N of SR 169 (32.52838, -85.25400) Records indicate the possible presence of the federally endangered shinyrayed pocketbook (Hamiota subangulata) and Gulf moccasinshell (Medionidus penicillatus), and the federally threatened oval pigtoe (Pleurobema pyriforme) mussels at this crossing. A qualitative mussel survey will be conducted prior to construction if HDD is not proposed as the crossing method. The river is non-wadeable and coordination with USFWS will be required to determine the exact limits of the PSA. There is no record of any other state listed fish, mussel, or crayfish species within immediate vicinity to this crossing and the Project corridor does not intersect Critical Habitat for fish or mussels.

Uchee Creek N of SR 1 (32.36345, -85.13521) Records indicate the possible presence of the federally endangered shinyrayed pocketbook (Hamiota subangulata) and Gulf moccasinshell (Medionidus penicillatus), and the federally threatened oval pigtoe (Pleurobema pyriforme) mussels at this crossing. A qualitative mussel survey will be conducted if HDD is not proposed as the crossing method. The river is non- wadeable and coordination with USFWS will be required to determine the exact limits of the PSA. There is no record of any other state listed fish, mussel, or crayfish species within immediate vicinity to this crossing and the Project corridor does not intersect Critical Habitat for fish or mussels.

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Literature Cited

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Ashton, Ray E. Jr., Series Editor. 1996. Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume V. Birds. University Press of Florida. Gainesville, Florida.

Breininger, D. R, V.L. Larson, B.W. Duncan, and R.B. Smith. 1998. Linking habitat suitability to demographic success in Florida scrub-jays. Wildlife Society Bulletin 26(1): 118-128.

Breininger, D. R., and D. C. Oddy. 2004. Do habitat potential, population density, and fires influence Florida Scrub-Jay source-sink dynamics? Ecological Applications 14:1079-1089.

Breininger, D.R. 1992. Habitat model for the Florida scrub jay on John F. Kennedy Space Center. NASA Technical Memorandum 107543.

Breininger, D.R., M.J. Povancha, and R.B. Smith. 1991. Mapping Florida scrub-jay habitat for purposes of land-use management. Photogrammetric Engineering & remote Sensing 57(11): 1467-1474.

Breininger, D.R., M.R. Bolt, M.L. Legare, J.H. Drese, and E.D. Stolen. 2011. Factors influencing home-range sizes of eastern indigo snakes in central Florida. Journal of Herpetology (45)4: 484-490.

Brim-Box, J. and J. D. Williams. 2000. Unionid mollusks o the Appalachicola Basin in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia. Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History 21, 143 p.

Carlson, S., Lawrence A., Blalock-Herod, H., Mcafferty, K. and Abbot, S. 2008. Freshwater Mussel Survey Protocol for Southeastern Atlantic Slope and Northeastern Gulf Drainages in Florida and Georgia. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service / Georgia Department of Transportation. Online resource accessed January 5, 2014: http://www.fws.gov/panamacity/resources/Mussel%20Survey%20Protocol%20April%202 008.pdf

Chadwick, J., Stanton, G.E. 2011. Habitat Characteristics and Conservation Status of Three Pennides Crayfish in Marion County, Georgia. Southeastern Naturalist. 10(30: 533-546)

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Chafin, L.G. 2000. Field Guide to the Rare Plants of Florida. Florida Natural Areas Inventory, Tallahassee, FL.

Fitzpatrick, J.W., G.E. Woolfenden and M.T. Kopeny. 1991. Ecology and development-related habitat requirements of the Florida scrub-jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens). Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, Nongame Wildlife Program Technical Report No. 8. Tallahassee, FL. 49pp.

Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Florida Natural Area Inventory. 2011. Florida Wildlife Conservation Guide. Tallahassee, Florida. Accessed 2014 from http://fwcg.myfwc.com/index_files/800x600/slide1.html

Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Fish and Wildlife Research Institute. Google Earth Files, Habitats and Wildlife. Accessed 2014 http://atoll.floridamarine.org/Quickmaps/KMZ_download.htm

Florida Land Use Cover and Forms Classification System (FLUCFCS). 2004. Suwannee River Water Management District. GIS Data.

Florida Land Use Cover and Forms Classification System (FLUCFCS). 2009. South Florida Water Management District. GIS Data.

Florida Land Use Cover and Forms Classification System (FLUCFCS). 2011. Southwest Florida Water Management District. GIS Data.

Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI). Species and Communities Tracking List. Accessed 2014 from http://www.fnai.org/

Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. 2012. Bald Eagle Nest Locator Database. Accessed 2014.

Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. 2013. Gopher Tortoise Permitting Guidelines. Tallahassee, Florida.

Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Limpkin Aramus guarana Species Profile. Accessed 2014 from http://fwcg.myfwc.com

Georgia Department of Natural Resources. 2005. Part I: Standard Operating Procedures for Conducting Biomonitoring on Fish Communities in Wadeable Streams in Georgia. Accessed January 5, 2014: http://www.georgiawildlife.com/sites/default/files/uploads/wildlife/fishing/pdfs/streamsurv ey/SOP_Part1.pdf

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Georgia Department of Natural Resources. Wildlife Resources Division. Geogia Rare Species and Natural Community Data, Protected Species Lists. cessed 2014 from http://www.georgiawildlife.com/node/1366

Layne, J.N., and T.M. Steiner. 1996. Eastern indigo snake (Drymarchon corais couperi): summary of research conducted on Archbold Biological Station. Report prepared under Order 43910-6-0134 to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Jackson, Mississippi.

McGregor, S. W., T. E. Shepard, T. D. Richardson, and J. F. Fitzpatrick. 1999. A survey of the primary tributaries of the Alabama and Lower Tombigbee rivers for freshwater mussels, snails, and crayfish. Geological Survey of Alabama Circular 196, 29 p.

Merritt R.W., Cummins K.W., 1996. An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. 3th Edition, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. 862 p.

Moler, P.E. 1985. Distribution of the eastern indigo snake, Drymarchon corais couperi, in Florida. Herpetological Review 16(2):37-38.

Moler, P.E. 1992. Eastern indigo snake. Pages 181-186 in P.E. Moler, ed. Rare and endangered biota of Florida, volume III, Amphibians and Reptiles. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.

Morrison, J.L. 2001. Recommended management practices and survey protocols for Audubon’s crested caracaras (Caracara cheriway audubonii) in Florida. Technical Report No. 18. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Tallahassee, Florida.

National Land Cover Database. 2006. GIS Data.

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Stys, Beth. 1993. Ecology and Habitat Protection Needs of the Southeastern American Kestrel on Large-Scale Development Sites in Florida. Nongame Wildlife Technical Report No. 13. Office of Environmental Services Florida Game and Freshwater Fish Commission. Tallahassee, Florida.

Stys, Beth. 1997. Ecology of the Florida Sandhill Crane. Florida Game and Freshwater Fish Commission Nongame Technical Report No. 15, p. 1-20.

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U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2004. Survey Protocol for Finding Caracara Nests. South Florida Ecological Services Office.

U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2007. Florida Scrub-Jay Survey Guidelines. Updated August 2007.

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Table 1. LISTED SPECIES POTENTIALLY PRESENT WITHIN THE SABAL TRAIL ACTION AREA

Species Listed Status Potential Listed Species Occurrence Along the Proposed ROW (States and Counties) Lead Office/ Region Preferred Habitat Likeliness to Occur Along ROW Survey Window Notes Source Federal (USFWS) Common Name Scientific Name State AL State GA State FL⁴ Alabama Counties Georgia Counties Florida Counties USFWS MAMMALS

Hibernates in winter months and active only in darkness; Swamps of south Georgia; roosts in building, old mine shafts, wells, caves, hollow trees, areas Unlikely; considered Rare in the state of Rafinesque's Big‐eared Bat Corynorhinus rafinesquii N SP R N Dougherty breeding occurs in the fall GDNR behind loose bark, and crevices in rock ledges Georgia months with offspring born May‐June

Roosts in palms and hollow trees and in buildings; forages high Mid‐April‐ Mid‐August Florida Bonneted Bat Eumops floridanus CNNT Osceola, Polk in air over natural as well as human‐altered landscapes Unlikely South Florida ESFO USFWS (nocturnal)

Loose, sandy, well‐drained soil for burrow construction with an abundant supply of grasses and forbs for food; native to areas of upland coastal plain longleaf pine forest, including rolling hills Year Round ANHP, 220.‐2‐.92, Southeastern Pocket Gopher Geomys pinetis N SP T N Russell Brooks, Dougherty and sandhills, particularly where frequent fires maintain conditions that favor the growth of Possible (breeding June‐August) GDNR groundcover plants; most of the known remaining populations in Georgia are found in areas where natural longleaf forest and associated groundcover remains

Possible; peripheral peninsular counties include Alachua and Suwannee, south to Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Xeric upland communities with sandy soils, including scrub, sandhill, and rural sites where they Sarasota County on the west coast (although Florida Mouse Podomys floridanus N N N SSC Levy, Madison, Marion, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, inhabit gopher tortoise burrows; in the absence of gopher tortoises, Florida mice will dig their Year Round FNAI, FWC not documented in Sarasota County in Suwannee own burrows or use those of oldfield mice recent years), south to Highlands County in central Florida

Consultation Area for this species begins Requires extensive blocks of forested communities; large wetlands that are generally Possible but Unlikely; species will utilize a approximately 55 miles south of ROW; Florida Panther Puma concolor coryi ENEFE Citrus, Marion, Osceola, Polk inaccessible to humans are important for diurnal refuge; will tolerate improved areas in a variety of habitats while ranging and Year Round South Florida ESFO locations have been recorded outside of USFWS, FWC, FNAI mosaic of natural communities traversing the land this area including Osceola and Polk counties, primarily south of Interstate 4

Reported to occur in a wide variety of habitats including hardwood swamp/mixed wetland Possible; found from north central to south Data available indicates Year Homosassa Shrew Sorex longirostris eionis N N N SSC Citrus forest, hydric and xeric hammocks, industrial and commercial pineland, mixed hardwood pine FNAI central Florida Round forest, natural pineland, and disturbed land

Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, Sandhills, pine flatwoods, pastures and other open, rural habitats with scattered pines and Likely; found throughout Penninsular Year Round Sherman's Fox Squirrel Sciurus niger shermani N N N SSC Madison, Marion, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, oaks; depends on a variety of oak trees for seasonal food and nest material; longleaf pine cones Florida, often observed in pasture areas with (breeding May‐July and Dec‐ FNAI Suwannee and seeds are important food sources scattered oaks Jan)

Wet meadows, marshes, open fields, grassy seeps and bogs, and woodland glades; often in Unlikely; little known in Alabama and no Strongly nocturnal and rarely Meadow Jumping Mouse Zapus hudsonius N SP N N Chambers, Lee ANHP, 220.‐2‐.92 proximity to swamps, streams, and ponds reported collections from the state encountered

BIRDS

Occupies open pine woods with a grassy understory; will utilize oak‐palmetto scrub and open Occurs year round, Breeding Bachman's Sparrow Aimophila aestivalis N SP² R N Brooks, Colquitt, Lowndes, Stewart Likely; fairly widespread GDNR spaces in transition to forest season‐late April‐mid July

Gulf coast habitat dominated by extensive stands of black needlerush, with smooth cordgrass Unlikely; primarily inhabits tidal marshes in last week of May‐first Scott's Seaside Sparrow Ammodramus maritimus peninsulae N SP² N SSC Citrus, Levy FNAI, FWC and scattered areas of saltgrass Florida two/three weeks in June

Possible but Unlikely; found in south‐central Requires large areas of frequently burned dry prairie habitat with patchy open areas sufficient Florida in the counties of Polk, Osceola, Ammodramus savannarum ROW intersects Consultation Area for this Florida Grasshopper Sparrow ENNFE Osceola, Polk for foraging; may persist in pasture lands that have not been intensively managed so as to Highlands, and Okeechobee; some April‐June 15 South Florida ESFO USFWS, FNAI floridanus species in both Osceola and Polk counties remove all vegetation clumps populations are known to be on large privately owned cattle ranches Possible; occurs in some of the highest and Inhabits fire dominated, low‐growing, oak scrub habitat found on well‐drained sandy soils; may driest areas of Florida – Lake Wales Ridge, Alachua, Citrus, Lake, Levy, Marion, Osceola, ROW intersects Consultation Area for this Florida Scrub‐Jay Aphelocoma coerulescens TNNFT persist in areas with sparser oaks or scrub areas that are overgrown but at much lower old sand dunes along the coasts, and sandy March 1‐October 31 North Florida ESFO USFWS, FNAI Polk, Sumter species in Florida densities and with reduced survivorship deposits along rivers in the interior of the state

Inhabits mangroves, freshwater marshes, swamps, springs and spring runs, and pond and river Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, margins in addition to lake margins in peninsular Florida and swales, strand swamps, sloughs, Likely; fairly widespread in peninsular Limpkin Aramus guarauna N N N SSC Madison, Marion, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, and impoundments in south Florida; may forage in rural areas such as sugarcane fields and Nesting February‐July FNAI, FWC Florida, rarer in the Panhandle Suwannee banks of irrigation canals; wide range of nesting sites, including mounds of aquatic vegetation and marsh grasses, among cypress knees and high in trees

High, sparsely vegetated, sandy ground; natural habitats include dry prairie and sand hill; Likely within range; found throughout Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Lake, Levy, Marion, Year Round Florida Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia floridana N N N SSC extensive use of rural areas such as pastures, airports, ball fields, parks, school grounds, peninsular Florida in patches and localized FNAI, FWC Osceola, Polk, Sumter, Suwannee (breeding February 15‐July 10) university campuses, road right‐of‐ways, and vacant spaces in residential areas areas

Possible; species is found throughout south Open country, including wet prairie and pasture lands with cabbage palm, cabbage palm/live central Florida in open pastures and wet ROW intersects Consultation Area for this Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway TNNFT Lake, Osceola, Polk oak hammocks, and shallow ponds and sloughs; preferred nest trees are cabbage palms prairies usually concurrent with agricultural January‐April South Florida ESFO species in Lake, Osceola, and Polk USFWS, FNAI followed by live oaks, but species has been documented to nest in pines as well operations; nests can be found along counties roadways

Piping Plover Charadrius melodus TSP²TFT Citrus, Levy Found on open, sandy beaches and on tidal mudflats and sandflats along coasts Unlikely; primarily inhabits coastal areas December ‐ February USFWS, FNAI

Inhabits tidal marshes dominated by black needlerush (on the FL Gulf coast); prefers taller Marian's Marsh Wren Cistothorus palustris marianae N SP² N SSC Citrus, Levy Unlikely; primarily inhabits tidal areas April‐August FNAI, FWC vegetation found along tidal creeks

Feeds in shallow freshwater, brackish, and saltwater habitats; largest nesting colonies occur in Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, coastal areas, but species prefers foraging in freshwater lakes, marshes, swamps, and streams; Likely; fairly widespread and common in Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea N SP² N SSC Madison, Marion, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, March‐July (breeding) FNAI, FWC nests in a variety of woody vegetation, including cypress, willow, maple, black mangrove, and peninsular Florida, rarer in the Panhandle Suwannee cabbage palm; usually breeds in mixed‐species colonies in flooded vegetation or on islands Species Listed Status Potential Listed Species Occurrence Along the Proposed ROW (States and Counties) Lead Office/ Region Preferred Habitat Likeliness to Occur Along ROW Survey Window Notes Source Federal (USFWS) Common Name Scientific Name State AL State GA State FL⁴ Alabama Counties Georgia Counties Florida Counties USFWS

Nests both inland and in coastal wetlands with nests placed in many types of woody shrubs, especially mangroves and willows; almost all nesting is over shallow waters or on islands that Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, are separated from shoreline by extensive open water; feeds in many types of permanently and Likely; south to Florida where they are Snowy Egret Egretta thula N N N SSC Madison, Marion, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, March‐July (breeding) FNAI, FWC seasonally flooded wetlands, streams, lakes, and swamps, and in manmade impoundments and widespread year‐round residents Suwannee ditches; usually prefers calm waters; a wide variety of wetland types must be available to support breeding colonies

Most nesting colonies occur on mangrove islands or in willow thickets in fresh water; prefers Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, coastal environments; feeds in a variety of permanently and seasonally flooded wetlands, Likely; widespread, permanent residents in Tricolored Heron Egretta tricolor N N N SSC Madison, Marion, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, mangrove swamps, tidal creeks, ditches, and edges of ponds and lakes; seasonal variation in Florida; less common in some parts of the March‐July (breeding) FNAI, FWC Suwannee water levels are particularly critical to nesting success; alteration of wetlands used during Panhandle breeding season can have negative consequences

Nesting and foraging habitats include pine forests and savannas, cypress, and cypress‐ Possible; the majority of breeding occurs in hardwood swamps, hardwood hammocks, mangrove swamps, narrow riparian forests, prairies, Swallow‐tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus N SP² R N Brooks, Lowndes Florida, but breeding individuals can be March‐May GDNR and freshwater and brackish marshes; requires a mosaic of communities with tall accessible found in Georgia and Alabama trees for nesting and open areas for foraging

Found in a wide variety of habitats, including freshwater and brackish marshes, salt flats and Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, salt marsh meadows, many types of forested wetlands, wet prairies, swales, seasonally Likely; common and found throughout most Foraging/transient in Russell County, White Ibis Eudocimus albus N SP² N SSC Russell Madison, Marion, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, inundated fields, and man‐made ditches; adults prefer foraging in freshwater areas when March‐July (breeding) ANHP, FWC, FNAI of Florida Alabama Suwannee feeding young; may forage effectively in turbid waters; nests are placed on a variety trees, shrubs, and vines, and tend to be closer to ground than other colonially nesting wading birds

Likely; habitat in Florida includes open Found in open pine habitats, woodland edges, prairies, and pastures throughout much of woodlands, sandhill, and fire maintained Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, Southeastern American Florida; nest sites are tall dead trees or utility poles generally with an unobstructed view of savannah pine habitats; species will also Falco sparverius paulus NSP²RT Madison, Marion, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, April‐August FNAI Kestrel surroundings; sandhill habitats seem to be preferred, but may also occur in flatwoods settings; utilize alternative habitats which include Suwannee open patches of grass or bare ground are needed in flatwoods settings for foraging pastures and open fields located in residential areas Possible but Unlikely; non‐migratory population in Central Florida introduced by Office of the Regional Whooping Crane Grus americana E, XN N N FXN Osceola, Polk Shallow marshes and adjacent open grasslands late April egg laying USFWS, FNAI, FWC FWC in 1993 near Three Lakes Wildlife Director Management Area in Osceola County

Likely; found throughout peninsular Florida Prairies, freshwater marshes, and pasture lands; avoids forests and deep marshes but uses north to the Okefenokee Swamp in southern transition zones and edges between these and prairies or pasture lands; frequents agricultural Georgia; however, they are less common at Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Lake, Levy, Madison, Florida Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis pratensis NNNT areas such as feed lots and crop fields, golf courses, and other open lawns, especially in winter the northernmost and southernmost January‐June FNAI, FWC Marion, Osceola, Polk, Sumter and early spring; nest is a mound of herbaceous plant material in shallow water or on the portions of this range. Florida’s Kissimmee ground in marshy areas; known to favor wetlands dominated by pickerelweed and maidencane and Desoto prairie regions are home to the state’s most abundant populations

Requires large areas of beach, sandbar, mud flat, and shellfish beds for foraging; utilizes Unlikely; species primarily inhabits coastal American Oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus N SP² R SSC Citrus, Levy sparsely vegetated, sandy areas for nesting, but will also use beach wrack and marsh grass; February‐October FNAI areas large expanses of suitable nesting areas generally are needed

Areas close to the coast, bays, rivers, lakes, or other bodies of water that provide concentrations of food sources, including fish, waterfowl, and wading birds; nests in tall trees Brooks, Colquitt, Dougherty, Lee, Lowndes, Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, Likely; in close proximity to bodies of water October 1‐May 15 USFWS, 220.‐2‐.92, Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus N¹ SP² T N Chambers, Lee, Russell, Tallapoosa (mostly live pines) that provide clear views of surrounding area; in Florida Bay, where there are Mitchell Marion, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, Suwannee along the corridor (nesting season) GDNR few predators and few tall emergent trees, eagles have been known to nest in crowns of mangroves and even on the ground

Nests colonially in a variety of inundated forested wetlands, including cypress strands and domes, mixed hardwood swamps, sloughs, and mangroves; Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, Likely; fairly widespread along route and can Brooks, Colquitt, Dougherty, Lee, Lowndes, increasingly nesting in artificial habitats (e.g., impoundments and dredged areas with native or ROW intersects CFA for this species in all USFWS, ANHP, 220.‐ Wood Stork Mycteria americana E SP² E FE Lee, Russell, Tallapoosa Madison, Marion, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, be found foraging in agricultural areas and March‐July North Florida ESFO Mitchell, Terrell exotic vegetation) in north and central Florida; forages mainly in shallow water in freshwater counties along the ROW in Florida 2‐.92, GDNR Suwannee roadside ditches marshes, swamps, lagoons, ponds, tidal creeks, flooded pastures and ditches, where they are attracted to falling water levels that concentrate food sources (mainly fish)

Primarily coastal, feeding in shallow estuarine waters, and (less often) far offshore; makes Possible but Unlikely; species primarily extensive use of sand spits, sand bars, and islets for nocturnal roosting and daily loafing; nests Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis N SP² N SSC Alachua, Citrus, Levy inhabits coastal areas but can be seen inland Fall‐Winter FNAI on small islands in bays and estuaries, in small bushes or trees, or on ground; mangrove islands during the non‐breeding season are used frequently for roosting and nesting in central and southern Florida

Inhabits open, mature pine woodlands that have a diversity of grass, forb, and shrub species; Alachua, Citrus (FNAI), Lake (FNAI), Levy generally occupies longleaf pine flatwoods in north and central Florida, mixed longleaf pine and Occurrence Area in Polk and Osceola USFWS, ANHP, 220.‐ Red‐Cockaded Woodpecker Picoides borealis E SP² E FE Tallapoosa Brooks, Stewart (FNAI), Madison (FNAI), Marion (FNAI), slash pine in south‐central Florida, and slash pine in south Florida outside the range of longleaf Possible within range; inhabits mature pines Year Round Mississippi ESFO counties 2‐.92, GDNR Osceola, Polk pine; forages in several forested habitat types that include pines of various ages, but prefer more mature pines; most colonies are known/documented

Primarily nests in mixed‐species colonies on coastal mangrove islands or in Brazilian pepper on man‐made dredge spoil islands near suitable foraging habitat; occasionally nests in willow Nesting November‐March in Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja N N N SSC Citrus, Levy, Polk heads at freshwater sites; forages in shallow water of variable salinity, including marine tidal Possible; species found in freshwater sites Florida Bay and March‐July in FNAI flats and ponds, coastal marshes, mangrove dominated inlets and pools, and freshwater sloughs peninsular Florida and marshes

Large open freshwater marshes and lakes with shallow water and a low density of emergent No CH intersections; ROW intersects vegetation are preferred foraging habitat; habitat dependent upon apple snails to be caught at Everglades Snail Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus ENNFE Marion (FNAI), Osceola, Polk Possible within range January‐July South Florida ESFO Consultation Area for this species in Lake, USFWS, FNAI water surface; nests over water in a low tree or shrub (commonly willow, wax myrtle, pond Polk, Osceola, and Sumter counties apple, or buttonbush, but also in non‐woody vegetation like cattail or sawgrass)

Coastal waters including beaches, bays, estuaries, sandbars, tidal creeks (foraging); inland waters of large lakes, phosphate pits, and flooded agricultural fields; nests primarily on sandy Black Skimmer Rynchops niger N SP² R SSC Citrus, Levy, Polk Unlikely; primarily inhabits coastal areas February‐October FNAI beaches, small coastal islands, and dredge spoil islands, but also on gravel rooftops; inland nesting recorded along a road in agricultural areas Species Listed Status Potential Listed Species Occurrence Along the Proposed ROW (States and Counties) Lead Office/ Region Preferred Habitat Likeliness to Occur Along ROW Survey Window Notes Source Federal (USFWS) Common Name Scientific Name State AL State GA State FL⁴ Alabama Counties Georgia Counties Florida Counties USFWS

Coastal areas throughout Florida, including beaches, lagoons, Unlikely but Possible ; found throughout bays, and estuaries; increasingly use artificial nesting sites, including gravel rooftops, dredge most coastal areas but can be observed Least Tern Sternula antillarum NSP²RT Citrus, Levy, Polk spoil islands or other dredged material deposits, construction sites, causeways, and mining April‐August FNAI utilizing construction sites and on cleared lands; nesting areas have a substrate of well‐drained sand or gravel and usually have little land vegetation

REPTILES Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, Office of the Regional American Alligator Alligator mississippiensis SAT N N FT (S/A) Madison, Marion, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, Favors freshwater wetland habitats including marshes, swamps, rivers, and lakes Likely Year Round FNAI Director Suwannee

Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, Broad range of habitats, from scrub and sandhill to wet prairies and mangrove swamps; in Year Round Possible within range; found in Peninsular 220.‐2‐.92, USFWS, Eastern Indigo Snake Drymarchon couperi T SP T FT Brooks (historic), Colquitt (historic), Lowndes Madison, Marion, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, northern part of range, often winters in gopher tortoise burrows in sandy uplands but forages (October 1‐April 30 near sites Mississippi ESFO Florida and southeastern Georgia Enge et al. 2013 Suwannee in more hydric habitats; requires very large tracts to survive of winter refuge)

Typically found in dry upland habitats, including sandhills, scrub, xeric oak hammock, and dry Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, Year Round Brooks, Colquitt, Dougherty, Lee, Lowndes, pine flatwoods; commonly utilizes disturbed habitats such as pastures, oldfields, and road West of the Mobile and Tombigbee USFWS, ANHP, 220.‐ Gopher Tortoise Gopherus polyphemus C SP³ T T Russell Madison, Marion, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, Likely (with weather restriction on Mitchell, Stewart, Terrell, Webster shoulders; tortoises excavate deep burrows for refuge from predators, weather, and fire; more Rivers in AL 2‐.92, GDNR Suwannee relocation) than 300 other species of animals have been recorded sharing these burrows Unlikely; occurs in Alabama northward to Rivers, large streams, and impoundments; usually favoring areas with good flow and avoiding Russell County but is scare throughout; ANHP, 220.‐2‐.92, Barbour's Map turtle Graptemys barbouri N SP T SSC Russell Dougherty, Lee, Mitchell, Stewart Year Round backwaters; nesting occurs along sand bars, river berms, and spoil mounds occurs in Georgia in the Flint River and GDNR Chattahoochee River Principally xeric sandy uplands including sandhill, scrub, xeric hammock, and derived oldfields; Southern Hognose Snake Heterodon simus N SP T N Dougherty, Lee, Mitchell, Stewart rare in more mesic hammocks and dry river floodplains; often associated with ephemeral Possible Year Round GDNR wetlands that may serve as breeding areas for the toads upon which this snake feeds

Often found in dry, relatively open areas; in AL most closely associated with upland habitats Likely; widely distributed across the Eastern Coachwhip Masticophis flagellum flagellum N SP N N Chamber, Lee, Russell, Tallapoosa made up of open grassy woodland mixed with weedy fields; scrubby, frequently burned pine Year Round ANHP, 220.‐2‐.92 Southern US habitats support a high number; frequents gopher tortoise burrows

Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Lake, Levy, Marion, Dry upland habitats, principally sandhill, xeric hammock, and sand pine scrub; secretive Possible; found from the Suwannee River Short‐tailed Snake Lampropeltis extenuata NNNT Year Round FNAI Polk, Sumter, Suwannee burrower only rarely seen above ground or under cover objects south to Highlands County

Unlikely; rare to uncommon, found in south Eastern Kingsnake Lampropeltis getula N SP N N Chambers, Lee, Russell Diurnal, conspicuous, ground‐dwelling species found in most habitat types central and eastern portion of Coastal Plain Year Round ANHP, 220.‐2‐.92 and adjacent Piedmont

Mating occurs in March (AL); Hilly sites with mixed pine hardwood forests; typically encountered in mesic areas in rotting Unlikely; known only at two sites in Russell Coal Skink Plestiodon anthracinus N SP N N Russell females lay in late June and ANHP, 220.‐2‐.92 logs, under rocks, or in leaf litter seldom far from streams County guard the nest until hatching

Brooks, Colquitt, Lee, Lowndes, Mitchell, Alachua, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Levy, Madison, Strictly a turtle of rivers, but will utilize backwater swamps, overflow lakes, and impoundments USFWS, ANHP, Alligator Snapping Turtle Macrochelys temminckii C SP T SSC Lee, Russell Likely Year Round Stewart, Terrell Suwannee as well as main channels GDNR, FNAI

Unlikely; little known throughout More than 60% of distribution Associated with endangered longleaf pine‐wiregrass habitats, including pine flatwoods, distribution, especially Alabama; limited Mimic Glass Lizard Ophisaurus mimicus N SP R N Colquitt wide collections were made GDNR savannas, and hillside seepage bogs with a grassy groundcover information suggests species is diurnal and April‐June crepuscular

Principally rosemary scrub, but also in sand pine and oak scrubs, scrubby flatwoods, turkey oak Likely; found only in seven central Florida ridges within scrub, and along edges of citrus groves occupying former scrub; requires loose counties, four of which are along route; Sand Skink Plestiodon reynoldsi TNNFT Lake, Marion, Osceola, Polk, March‐May 15 South Florida ESFO USFWS, FNAI sand for burrowing with large patches of sparse to no groundcover or canopy; scattered shrubs ROW intersects Consultation Area in Lake, and lichens often present Osceola, and Polk Counties

Possible; Tallapoosa River; found primarily in Associated with sand and clay bottom streams with moderate currents and abundant basking Year Round; Nesting May‐ Black‐knobbed Sawback Graptemys nigrinoda N SP N N Tallapoosa rivers, lakes, and streams located in the ANHP, 220.‐2‐.92 sites August Mobile‐Tensaw Delta

Rivers or streams with sandy or muddy bottom; also be found in creeks with rocky bottom; Possible; found in Tallapoosa River and its Alabama Map Turtle Graptemys pulchra N SP R N Tallapoosa Year Round ANHP, 220.‐2‐.92 basks on larger tree trunks or brush piles tributaries

Frequents xeric ridge tops and places with well‐drained sandy soils (AL); found in dry, open Year Round; most active in Possible; found throughout Alabama with Southeastern Five‐lined woodlands and pine flatwoods, and open areas especially along the edge between forests and spring and most active by day. Eumeces inexpectatus N SP N N Chambers, Lee, Russell, Tallapoosa fewer occurrences from mesic areas in the ANHP, 220.‐2‐.92 Skink openings; seeks refuge under logs, boards, and stones and within sawdust piles, rotting logs, Females lay eggs April‐July, southeastern part of the state rock piles and brush piles hatching occurs July‐August.

Alachua, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, Eastern Diamondback Broad range of habitats, commonly associated with pines, in sandhills, flatwoods, upland Year Round; likely utilizes Crotalus adamanteus N⁵ N NN Colquitt, Lowndes, Mitchell Madison, Marion, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, Likely GDNR, FNAI Rattlesnake forests, and scrub; commonly utilizes gopher tortoise burrows and root holes for refuge refugia in winter months Suwannee

Year Round; secretive most of Bogs, swamps, shallow wooded ponds and streams, ditches; often associated with sphagnum Spotted Turtle Clemmys guttata N NUN Colquitt, Lee, Lowndes Possible the year; nearly all observation GDNR moss; secretive are from March‐early May.

Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, Habitats with relatively open canopies and dry sandy soils such sandhill and former sandhill, Possible; west to Mobile Bay in Alabama, ANHP, 220.‐2‐.92, Florida Pine Snake Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus N SP N SSC Russell Madison, Marion, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, including oldfields and pastures, but also sand pine scrub and scrubby flatwoods; often coexists Year Round south to Florida (excluding the Everglades) FNAI Suwannee with pocket gophers and gopher tortoises

Well‐drained sandy uplands above 100 ft., usually with an abundance of scattered shrubs and lichens; favors rosemary, oak, and sand pine scrubs; occasional in turkey oak barrens, sandhill, Possible; found in Polk and Osceola counties Blue‐tailed Mole Skink Plestiodon egregius lividus TNNFT Osceola, Polk March‐May 15 South Florida ESFO USFWS, FNAI and xeric hammock; requires loose sand for burrowing with patches of sparse to no along the Lake Wales Ridge groundcover or canopy; often found in leaf litter

Rivers and large streams, including alluvial, blackwater, and spring‐run streams, often with Possible; found from the Tampa Bay region Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, dense aquatic vegetation upon which species feeds; occasionally enters estuaries at river Suwannee Cooter Pseudemys suwanniensis N N N SSC (Alafia River), northwest to the Ochlockonee Year Round FNAI Madison, Marion, Polk, Sumter, Suwannee mouths; basks extensively on logs and floating vegetation mats; nests on high banks and bars River just west of Tallahassee above floodplain Species Listed Status Potential Listed Species Occurrence Along the Proposed ROW (States and Counties) Lead Office/ Region Preferred Habitat Likeliness to Occur Along ROW Survey Window Notes Source Federal (USFWS) Common Name Scientific Name State AL State GA State FL⁴ Alabama Counties Georgia Counties Florida Counties USFWS AMPHIBIANS

Pristine pine flatwood (longleaf or slash) communities with wiregrass groundcover and Frosted Flatwoods Possible but Unlikely; species occurs east of Breeding‐October‐December ROW does not intersect CH for this Ambystoma cingulatum TNTFT Alachua (FNAI), Marion (FNAI) scattered wetlands often dominated by cypress or gum; breeds in ponds that lack predatory FNAI, USFWS Salamander the Apalachicola River & January‐March species fish with emergent herbaceous vegetation

Hidden during daylight. Eggs Possible; found in the mountainous or hilly are layed mid‐summer and Seal Salamander Desmognathus monticola N SP N N Chambers, Lee, Russell, Tallapoosa Cool and wet spots in well‐shaded ravines and banks of mountain streams AHNP, 220.‐2‐.92 country of the Appalachian region hatch by early September; larval stage can last 10 months

Subterranean waters of caves formed in limestone, often in caves used by bats; most easily Unlikely; confined to underground streams Georgia Blind Salamander Haideotriton wallacei N N T SSC Dougherty, Lee observed resting on bottom sediments in small pools; the extent of use of less accessible No information available GDNR and pools in caves waters is unknown; has been pumped from deep groundwater wells

Breeding Adults‐January‐ Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, Xeric habitats including sandhill and scrub but can also be found in pine flatwoods; breeds in Possible; northern and central Florida Striped Newt Notophthalmus perstriatus C NTN Brooks, Lowndes March; Larvae‐ (March‐ Panama City ESFO GDNR, USFWS Madison, Marion, Sumter, Suwannee depressional marshes that lack predatory fish peninsula December) prime April‐June

Dry, sandy uplands, including sandhill and scrub, that include isolated wetlands or large ponds Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Lake, Levy, within close proximity.; occasional found in dry pine flatwoods, xeric hammock, and disturbed Likely; species inhabits gopher tortoise ANHP, 220.‐2‐.92, Gopher Frog Lithobates capito N SP R SSC Madison, Marion, Osceola, Polk, Sumter, examples of above; breeds chiefly in seasonally flooded and temporary ponds, but also in some burrows and can be found throughout Year Round FNAI Suwannee permanent waters; nocturnal, normally spending daytime in stump holes, tunnels, or burrows, Florida especially those of gopher tortoise

FISH

Adults spawn along limestone outcroppings in upstream Likely to encounter at Suwannee River reaches of the river during crossing near Ellaville, Suwannee Co, FL winter months (October ‐ (approx. 1 mile south of I‐10) and at the March) but migrate to marine Withlacoochee River crossing near Alachua (FNAI), Gilchrist, Hamilton, Levy, An anadromous species where adults live in saltwater and migrate into medium to large coastal Likely; the largest existing population exists waters during remainder of ANHP, 220.‐2‐.92, Gulf Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi TSPNFT Ellaville, Madison/Hamilton Co, FL Madison, Suwannee rivers in the Suwannee River year. Juveniles and sub‐adults FNAI, USFWS (approx. 3.5 miles upstream of Suwannee may remain in river year‐ confluence); construction efforts could round but typically move to occur during April ‐ September to lower river reaches during minimize likelihood of encounter summer months (April‐ September)

Adults arrive in the Possible; in GA species occurs in the Choctawhatchee and Conecuh 90‐day finding for federal listing (NMFS) An anadromous species where adults live in saltwater and migrate into medium to large coastal Chattahoochee, Flint, and Withlacoochee Alabama Shad Alosa alabamae C SP T N Brooks, Colquitt, Dougherty, Lowndes Hamilton, Suwannee rivers in March and adults ended on 11/18/2013, expected to be a GDNR rivers; juveniles have been captured in swift water and over rocky shoals Rivers. In FL, the Withlacoochee and spawn in April and migrate positive finding Suwannee downstream shortly thereafter

Possible; in GA species occurs in the Chattahoochee, Flint, and Withlacoochee Data available indicates Year Spotted Bullhead Ameiurus serracanthus N NRN Brooks, Dougherty, Lowndes, Mitchell Hamilton, Suwannee, Gilchrist Found in current in deep rock‐ or sand‐bottomed pools of small to medium swift rivers GDNR, FWC Rivers. In FL, the Withlacoochee, Suwannee, Round and Santa Fe Rivers.

Unlikely; isolated populations, most Mobile Spawning begins late February‐ Known occurrences in Tallapoosa County Crystal Darter Crystallaria asprella N SP N T Tallapoosa Sand and gravel bars in large flowing rivers and streams of the Coastal Plain in AL ANHP, 220.‐2‐.92 basin records are below the Fall Line late April are all below Lake Martin

Possible; in Alabama occurs in Mainstem reaches of rivers and large streams in riffles and runs with rubble or sand substrate Chattahoochee River drainage; in Georgia Data available indicates Year Bluestripe Shiner Cyprinella callitaenia N NRN Russell, Lee Dougherty, Lee, Mitchell, Stewart and with swift current; also found in the lower reaches of several impounded tributaries to the GDNR species occurs in the Chattahoochee and Round Chattahoochee River Flint River Basins

Unlikely; known only from a group of Prefer a very narrow, shallow zone of shoreline that is exposed to heavy wave action and interconnected Florida lakes Data available indicates Year ROW will likely not affect this species in Lake Eustis Pupfish Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi N N N SSC Lake, Marion FNAI typically devoid of vegetation that form the headwaters of the Ocklawaha Round Florida River

Inhabits riffles of medium to large streams with a moderate to swift current with gravel, Possible; endemic to the Tallapoosa River Spawning from late April‐late Lipstick Darter Etheostoma chuckwachatte N SP E N Tallapoosa AHNP, 220.‐2‐.92 cobble, and boulder substrates system of the Mobile basin in AL and GA June

Unlikely; in Florida they are only found in a Found in small to medium‐sized streams in areas where the current is below maximum, ROW will likely not affect this species in Tessellated Darter Etheostoma olmstedi N N N SSC Marion limited portion of the Ocklawaha River and Year Round FNAI including flowing pools Florida two tributaries (Orange and Eaton creeks)

Possible; in Georgia species occurs below Small streams and spring seep runs associated with aquatic vegetation, organic debris, and slow‐ Data available indicates Year Goldstripe Darter Etheostoma parvipinne N N R N Russell (Uchee Creek); Lee (Little Uchee) Stewart, Terrell, Dougherty the Fall Line in the Chattahoochee, Flint, GDNR moving riffles Round Ocmulgee, and Oconee River Basins

Possible; in Georgia species occurs in the Data available indicates Year Recreational species in Florida; Suwanee Bass Micropterus notius N NRN Lowndes Fast‐moving shoal areas with a limestone bottom, often covered by sand GDNR, FNAI Ochlockonee and Suwannee River Basins Round uncommon in Georgia but not imperiled Possible; primarily occurs in the Data available indicates Year Highscale Shiner Notropis hypsilepis N N R N Russell (Uchee Creek); Lee (Little Uchee) Dougherty, Stewart Springs, spring runs, or waters from springs; may move underground between cave systems Chattahoochee and Flint River systems in GDNR Round Georgia and Alabama Species Listed Status Potential Listed Species Occurrence Along the Proposed ROW (States and Counties) Lead Office/ Region Preferred Habitat Likeliness to Occur Along ROW Survey Window Notes Source Federal (USFWS) Common Name Scientific Name State AL State GA State FL⁴ Alabama Counties Georgia Counties Florida Counties USFWS

Possible; endemic to the Apalachicola River Inhabits riffles or shoals in mainstems and larger tributaries of rivers; occur exclusively in drainage. Populations known in the Upper Sampling during spring and ROW will likely not affect this species in AHNP, 220.‐2‐.92, Halloween Darter Percina crypta N SP T N Russell (Uchee Creek) Lee shallow, swift‐flowing habitats over cobble, gravel, and bedrock Chattahoochee, Upper Flint, lower Flint, and summer months is ideal Georgia GDNR the Uchee Creek system in Alabama

Possible; endemic to the middle Small and medium sized streams in pools and runs in moderate flow over sand, silt, and Data available indicates Year Broadstripe Shiner Pteronotropis eurzyzonus N N R N Russell (Uchee Creek); Lee (Little Uchee) Stewart Chattahoochee River system of Georgia and GDNR bedrock often near logs, snags, and aquatic vegetation Round Alabama near and below the Fall Line

Active year round. However, may be abundant at a Dougherty, Terrell, Webster Possible; found in the Apalachicola basin, Prefers quiet backwaters and vegetated pools of streams and rivers; these pools generally have location only to disappear for ROW will likely not affect this species in Bluenose Shiner Pteronotropis welaka N N T SSC (Ichawaynochaway Creek=possible, but Lake, Marion with isolated populations in the St. Johns GDNR bottoms of mud or sand, with abundant growths of golden club and other aquatic vegetation years at a time. Spawning Florida improbable) basin in Florida presumably occurs from May to June

CRUSTACEANS/INSECTS

Dougherty Plain Cave Subterranean habitats; seen and collected in underwater caves and has also been collected Often associated with Georgia blind Cambarus cryptodytes N NEN Dougherty Unlikely Year Round GDNR Crayfish from wells salamander (Haideotriton wallacei )

Squirrel Chimney Cave Species has not been observed since Palaemonetes cummingi TNNFT Alachua Groundwater within a flooded solution cave in limestone Unlikely Presumably Year Round USFWS, FNAI Shrimp 1970's

Limited to groundwater of a few caves and sinkholes in southern Suwannee County (namely, Santa Fe Cave Crayfish Procambarus erythrops N N N SSC Suwannee Unlikely Year Round Sims Sink is on TNC property GDNR, FNAI Sims and Azure Blue Sinks)

Endemic to Flint River tribs, Muckalee flowing water habitats. Can be found hiding beneath rocks, within woody debris or leaf Creek system and Coolewahee Creek Muckalee Crayfish Procambarus gibbus N NTN Lee, Dougherty Unlikely Year Round GDNR litter, and beneath undercut banks. system in Baker County; also possible in Flint mainstem but unlikely

Secondary or tertiary burrower, capable lentic wetlands, ranging from beaver impoundments to marshy areas associated with of burrowing during dry summer months Grainy Crayfish Procambarus verrucosus NNRN Stewart Unlikely Year Round GDNR creeks to roadside ditches and emerging to open waters during rainy winter season

Open, sandy, well‐drained scrub with or without sand pine; requires interconnected patches of Unlikely; known from small sites on the Lake Adults present late May‐early Highlands Tiger Beetle Cicindela highlandensis C NNN Polk South Florida ESFO USFWS bare sand and partial shade Wales Ridge of central Florida August MOLLUSKS

Occurs in Georgia but rare and extant in Southern Elktoe Alasmidonta triangulata N PSM E N Russell Silt, sand, sandy mud substrates in large creeks and river mainstems Unlikely late April to November most locations; 4‐5 known locations do ANHP not intersect ROW

CH Unit 7 crosses Flint River in Dougherty Large river species; prefers a wide spectrum of habitats ranging from gravel and cobble to Fat Three‐ridge Amblema neislerii E N E FE Dougherty Likely late April to November Panama City ESFO County; ROW doesn't intersect CH USFWS, GDNR sandy or muddy sand substrates anywhere else

Slower portions of sand‐bottomed streams or slack water areas in larger rivers; prefers muddy Rayed Creekshell Anodontoides radiatus N PSM T N Russell Lee, Terrell, Webster Possible late April to November ANHP, GDNR sand in slight to moderate current

Uncommon everywhere except the Ranges from medium creeks to large rivers; prefers sand/gravel substrates and typically found Alabama Spike Elliptio arca N PSM E N Chambers Unlikely late April to November Sipsey River and Yellow Creek of the ANHP, 220.‐2‐.92 less than 1 m deep; although can occur deeper in large rivers upper Tombigbee River drainage

Dougherty, Lee, Lowndes, Mitchell, Terrell, Rivers, along the shoreline, and among and under rocks; prefers moderate current and sand Delicate Spike Elliptio arctata N PSM E N Likely late April to November GDNR Webster and fine gravel substrate

Brim Box & Williams (2000) considered Little is known of this species other than that it appears to inhabit large rivers and may prefer this species extirpated from the Brother Spike Elliptio fraterna N PSM N N Russell (historic) Unlikely late April to November ANHP sandy substrates Apalachicola/Chattahoochee/Flint (ACF) system

Colquitt, Dougherty, Lee, Mitchell, Stewart, Ranges from small creeks to large rivers; occurs in wide range of substrate types, including Generally considered stable throughout Gulf Slabshell Elliptio fumata N PSM N N Lee, Russell Likely late April to November ANHP Terrell, Webster mud, sand, gravel and bedrock its range (Williams et al. 2008)

Colquitt, Dougherty, Lee, Mitchell, Terrell, Inflated Spike Elliptio purpurella N PSM T N Russell (historic) Primarily sand and limestone rock substrates in the mainstems of medium to large rivers Likely within range late April to November GDNR Webster

CH Unit 7 crosses Flint River in Dougherty Sand, fine gravel or muddy sand substrates with moderate current and deeper water (> 3 USFWS, ANHP, Purple Bankclimber Elliptoideus sloatianus T SP T FT Dougherty, Lee, Mitchell Likely late April to November Panama City ESFO County; ROW doesn't intersect CH meters) habitat within the main channels of larger rivers GDNR anywhere else

Has not been collected since 1973; last Upland Combshell Epioblasma metastriata E SP E N Tallapoosa (historic) Known to occur in shoal habitat in medium to large rivers Unlikely late April to November Alabama ESFO observed in the Little Cahaba River, USFWS, GDNR Alabama

CH Unit 7 crosses Flint River in Dougherty Medium‐sized creeks to rivers and prefers clean or silty sand substrates in slow to moderate County. CH Unit 3 crosses Uchee Creek Shinyrayed Pocketbook Hamiota (=Lampsilis) subangulata E SP E FE Russell Dougherty Likely late April to November Panama City ESFO USFWS, ANHP current in Russell County, Alabama; ROW does not intersect CH anywhere else

ROW does not intersect Critical Habitat Ranges from small creeks to large rivers; prefers sand and sand/gravel mix in areas with Mid‐spring through mid‐late for this species; CH 17 does not extend 50 CFR Part 17; RIN Finelined Pocketbook Hamiota (=Lampsilis) altilis T SP T N Chamber, Lee, Russell, Tallapoosa Unlikely Alabama ESFO moderate flow; typically not found in areas with heavy silt accumulation summer northward of SR 159 in southwestern Lee 1018‐A173 County, more than 10 miles from ROW Species Listed Status Potential Listed Species Occurrence Along the Proposed ROW (States and Counties) Lead Office/ Region Preferred Habitat Likeliness to Occur Along ROW Survey Window Notes Source Federal (USFWS) Common Name Scientific Name State AL State GA State FL⁴ Alabama Counties Georgia Counties Florida Counties USFWS

Colquitt, Dougherty, Lee, Mitchell, Stewart, Occurs in slow to moderate current of large creeks, rivers, reservoirs and floodplain lakes; Florida Sandshell Lampsilis floridensis N SP N N Lee, Russell Likely late April to November ANHP Terrell, Webster prefers sand and sand/mud substrates

Ranges from creeks to small rivers and occasionally side channels of large rivers; occurs in Considered extirpated in Alabama and Green Floater Lasmigona subviridis N PSM N N Russell (historic) Unlikely late April to November ANHP pools, eddies, or along stream margins in slower currents within mud, sand or gravel substrates from Apalachicola Basin in Georgia.

The channels of medium‐sized creeks to large rivers and prefers gravel, sand, or silty sand CH Unit 7 crosses Flint River in Dougherty USFWS, GDNR, Gulf Moccasinshell Medionidus penicillatus E SP E FE Russell Dougherty Likely late April to November Panama City ESFO substrates in slow to moderate currents County ANHP

ROW does not intersect Critical Habitat Ochlockonee Moccasinshell Medionidus simpsonianus E N E FE Mitchell, Dougherty Main stem in areas with current and typically prefers mixed sand and gravel substrates Unlikely late April to November Panama City ESFO for this species; CH does not extend USFWS, GDNR northward of Thomas County, Georgia

ROW does not intersect Critical Habitat for this species; nearest CH (17) does not late April to November; gravid Southern Clubshell Pleurobema decisum E SP E N Lee, Tallapoosa Occurs in large creeks and rivers; prefers gravel/sand substrates Unlikely Alabama ESFO extend northward of SR 159 in USFWS during June‐July southwestern Lee County, more than 10 miles from ROW

Late summer through Ranges from medium creeks to large rivers; prefers sand/gravel substrates common in riffles, ROW does not intersect Critical Habitat Southern Pigtoe Pleurobema georgianum E SP E N Tallapoosa Unlikely November; gravid during Alabama ESFO runs and shoals for this species spring and early summer.

ROW does not intersect Critical Habitat Mid‐summer through Nov; for this species; nearest CH (17) does not Ranges from small creeks to large rivers; occurs in riffles, runs and shoals and is typically found Ovate Clubshell Pleurobema perovatum E SP N N Lee, Russell, Tallapoosa Unlikely gravid during late spring and Alabama ESFO extend northward of SR 159 in in sand/gravel substrates early summer southwestern Lee County, more than 10 miles from ROW

CH Unit 11 does not overlap with ROW in Florida; CH Unit 7 does cross at Flint River main stems and smaller tributary streams; prefers a wide range of habitats including sand USFWS, ANHP, Oval Pigtoe Pleurobema pyriforme E SP E FE Dougherty Likely late April to November Panama City ESFO River in Dougherty County, Georgia; bars, rock bottoms, and sand and muddy sand substrates GDNR ROW does not intersect CH anywhere else.

Colquitt, Dougherty, Lee, Mitchell, Stewart, Ranges from creeks and rivers, to ponds, lakes and reservoirs; prefers sand or mud substrates in Eastern Floater Pyganodon cataract N PSM N N Russell, Tallapoosa Likely late April to November ANHP Terrell, Webster, Brooks areas with little or no current

Sculptured Pigtoe Quadrula (=Quincuncina) infucata N SP N N Chambers (historic), Lee, Russell Dougherty, Mitchell, Terrell Sand, muddy sand, and fine gravel substrates in small to large streams with moderate current Likely within range late April to November ANHP

Southern Purple Lilliput Toxolasma corvunculus N PSM N N Lee (historic) Primarily occurs in creeks but occasionally found in medium to large rivers Unlikely late April to November ANHP

Occurs in sluggish portions of creeks, rivers, lakes, ponds and reservoirs; prefers soft sand/mud Lilliput Toxolasma parvum N PSM N N Lee, Russell, Tallapoosa Likely late April to November ANHP, 220.‐2‐.92 substrates

Colquitt, Dougherty, Lee, Mitchell, Stewart, Ranges from small streams to large rivers and occasionally reservoir overbank habitat; prefers Iridescent Lilliput Toxolasma paulum N PSM N N Russell Likely late April to November ANHP, 220.‐2‐.92 Terrell, Webster, Brooks sandy substrate in areas with slight current Typically associated with shoals and riffles but is known to inhabit rivers that rise and fall (such ROW does not intersect known locations Tulotoma Snail Tulotoma magnifica TNNN as below hydroelectric dams) and is strongly associated with boulder, cobble and bedrock Possible No information available for this species stream bottoms in > 5m depth

Colquitt, Dougherty, Lee, Mitchell, Stewart, Hamilton, Suwannee, Gilchrist, Levy, Alachua, Apalachicola pondhorn Uniomerus columbensis N PSM N N Lee, Russell Occurs in creeks, rivers and floodplain lakes; can be found in sand, mud/sand in slight current Likely late April to November ANHP Terrell, Webster, Brooks Ocala, Sumter Tolerates a wide range of habitats from spring‐fed streams to tannic, muddy waters and Downy Rainbow Villosa villosa N PSM N N Lee Dougherty, Lee, Terrell reservoirs; often abundant in low velocity current, murky water and muddy substrates (e.g., Likely late April to November ANHP more lotic environments) PLANTS (FEDERAL LISTING)

Little Amphianthus Amphianthus pusillus TTTN Chambers, Lee, Tallapoosa Shallow, temporary pools in rock; very short lived Unlikely February‐March Georgia ESFO extremely rare (AL) USFWS, ANHP

Shallow, basic or circumneutral, soils on rocky slopes above streams; thin woods on limestone USFWS, ANHP, Georgia Rockcress Arabis georgiana C NTN Russell, Tallapoosa Stewart or granite bluffs; hardwood forests on slopes above streams; sandy, recently eroded riverbanks; Possible No information available Mississippi ESFO extremely rare(AL) GDNR often under red cedar, black oak, sugar maple, chestnut oak, and oakleaf hydrangea

Openings or disturbed areas in white sand scrub on central Florida ridges, with scrub oaks, sand Possible; the corridor cuts through known Florida Bonamia Bonamia grandiflora TNNE Lake, Marion, Osceola, Polk May‐September North Florida ESFO USFWS pine, and lichens habitat

Scrub, sandhill, and xeric hammock, primarily on the Lake Wales Ridge; may form thickets with Possible; the corridor cuts through Pygmy Fringe‐tree Chionanthus pygmaeus ENNE Lake, Osceola , Polk Early Spring (bloom) South Florida ESFO USFWS evergreen scrub oaks and shrubs appropriate habitat Species Listed Status Potential Listed Species Occurrence Along the Proposed ROW (States and Counties) Lead Office/ Region Preferred Habitat Likeliness to Occur Along ROW Survey Window Notes Source Federal (USFWS) Common Name Scientific Name State AL State GA State FL⁴ Alabama Counties Georgia Counties Florida Counties USFWS

Perforate Reindeer Lichen Cladonia perforata ENNE Polk Scrub; Rosemary scrub on FL Panhandle coasts, Lake Wales Ridge, and Atlantic Coastal Ridge Possible Year Round SE Region 4 USFWS

Possible; the corridor cuts through Pigeon Wing Clitoria fragrans TNNE Lake, Polk Turkey oak barrens with wire grass, bluejack and turkey oak; also scrub and scrubby high pine May‐June SE Region 4 USFWS appropriate habitat

Moderately likely, known to occur in Visible Year Round; most Short‐leaved Rosemary Conradina brevifolia ENNE Polk Sand pine scrub SE Region 4 USFWS habitats similar to those being crossed flower in spring

Bare patches of white sand in Lake Wales Ridge scrub; occasionally in disturbed areas or in Unlikely; most appropriate habitat is further Avon Park Harebells Crotalaria avonensis ENNE Polk March‐June SE Region 4 USFWS partial shade south

Spring and Summer Pond apple swamps and mucky soils on Lake Okeechobee shores and islands; floodplain forests Unlikely; restricted to edges of Lake Okeechobee Gourd Cucurbita okeechobeensis ENNE Lake (flowering); Fall and Winter SE Region 4 edge of St Johns River USFWS along the St Johns River Okeechobee and the St. Johns River (fruiting)

Unlikely; most appropriate habitat is further Visible Year Round; September‐ Longspurred mint Dicerandra cornutissima EN E Marion, Sumter Sand pine scrub, oak scrub, sandhills SE Region 4 USFWS south October (flowering)

Dicerandra modesta (included within Identifiable Year Round; Unlikely; most appropriate habitat is further Blushing Scrub Balm Dicerandra frutescens when the ENNE Polk Open, disturbed scrubby sandhill and sand September‐November SE Region 4 USFWS south latter was listed and much rarer) (flowering)

Eriogonum longifolium var. Sandhill, oak‐hickory scrub on yellow sands, high pineland Possible; the corridor cuts through known Scrub Buckwheat TNNE Lake, Marion, Osceola, Polk, Sumter May‐October, or following fire North Florida ESFO USFWS gnaphalifolium between scrub and sandhill, turkey oak barrens habitat

Open patches in white sand scrubs and rosemary balds; occasionally in openings in scrubby Unlikely; most appropriate habitat is further Year Round; June‐September Highlands Scrub Hypericum Hypericum cumulicola ENNE Polk SE Region 4 USFWS flatwoods and oak scrubs over yellow sands south (flowering)

Possible; most likely fairly close to the Green Cooley's Waterwillow Justicia cooleyi ENNE Lake, Sumter Mesic hardwood hammocks over limestone August‐December SE Region 4 USFWS Swamp

Rosemary balds, especially edges transitional to oak scrub; scrubby flatwoods and disturbed Unlikely; most appropriate habitat is further Scrub Blazing‐star Liatris ohlingerae ENNE Polk June‐September SE Region 4 USFWS scrub south

Visible January‐August; March‐ Scrub Lupine Lupinus aridorum ENNE Osceola, Polk Openings in sand pine and rosemary scrub Possible but Unlikely North Florida ESFO USFWS May (flowering)

Visible Year Round; March‐ Britton's Beargrass Nolina brittoniana ENNE Lake, Marion, Osceola, Polk, Dry pinewoods, sand pine scrub Moderately Likely SE Region 4 USFWS May (flowering)

Possible; though most appropriate habitat is Canby's Dropwort Oxypolis canbyi E N E N Dougherty, Lee, Terrell Edges of ponds, sloughs, bays, wet savannas August‐October South Carolina ESFO USFWS, GDNR in South Carolina

Paper Nailwort Paronychia chartacea TNNE Lake, Osceola, Polk Scrub Moderately Likely Spring‐Fall South Florida ESFO USFWS

White Fringless Orchid Platanthera integrilabia C N T N Tallapoosa Wet savannas Possible August‐September Asheville ESFO rare USFWS

Lewton's Polygala Polygala lewtonii ENNE Lake, Marion, Osceola, Polk, Oak scrub, sandhill, and transition zones between high pine and turkey oak barrens Possible; the ROW includes potential habitat Spring South Florida ESFO USFWS

Rosemary phase of sand pine scrub on white sands at higher elevations of the Lake Wales, Possible; though most appropriate habitat is Florida Jointweed Polygonella basiramia ENNE Polk Summer‐Fall SE Region 4 USFWS Winter Haven, and Bombing Range Ridges further south

Small's Jointweed Polygonella myriophylla ENNE Lake, Osceola, Polk Open, sandy areas within scrub, mostly on white sands Possible; the ROW includes potential habitat Year Round South Florida ESFO USFWS

January‐February (flowering);March‐May Scrub Plum Prunus geniculata ENNE Lake, Osceola, Polk Sandhill and oak scrub Possible; the ROW includes potential habitat North Florida ESFO USFWS (fruiting); easily recognized Year Round

Spring‐Fall; leaves False Poison Sumac Rhus michauxii E EEE Alachua Sandy or rocky open woods Possible SE Region 4 USFWS recognizable

Moist, grassy ecotones around ponds in longleaf pine sandhills; longleaf pine savannas, Possible but highly unlikely; highly American Chaffseed Schwalbea americana EEEE Russell Colquitt, Dougherty, Lee, Mitchell, Terrell Levy, Marion, Polk sandhills, and flatwoods; plants are semi‐parasitic on the roots of gallberry, huckleberry, St. April‐June (flowering) New Jersey ESFO USFWS, GDNR dependent on appropriate fire management John’s‐wort, silk grass, and others

Cooley's Meadowrue Thalictrum cooleyi E N E E Dougherty, Mitchell Wet savannas Possible June Raleigh ESFO USFWS, GDNR Species Listed Status Potential Listed Species Occurrence Along the Proposed ROW (States and Counties) Lead Office/ Region Preferred Habitat Likeliness to Occur Along ROW Survey Window Notes Source Federal (USFWS) Common Name Scientific Name State AL State GA State FL⁴ Alabama Counties Georgia Counties Florida Counties USFWS

Trichomanes punctatum spp. Tree trunks in hammocks, edges of limesinks, and limestone boulders, often with mosses and Florida Filmy Fern CNNE Sumter Possible Year Round SE Region 4 USFWS floridanum liverworts

USFWS, ANHP, Relict Trillium Trillium reliquum E E E N Lee, Russell Dougherty Hardwood forests, often on steep slopes Possible Early Spring Georgia ESFO rare (AL), GA distribution from GDNR GDNR

Possible; but only where habitat has had a Clasping Warea Warea amplexifolia ENNE Lake, Osceola, Polk Sandhill with longleaf pine and wiregrass September‐October North Florida ESFO USFWS recent burn

Possible; more likely in Polk than in Lake; Carter's Mustard Warea carteri ENNE Lake, Polk Sandhill, scrubby flatwoods, inland and coastal scrub expected only where habitat has decent fire September‐October SE Region 4 USFWS management

Highly Unlikely; 7 known individual clones Year round; December‐ that are known; most have been found in February (flowering); May‐ Florida Jujube Ziziphus celata ENNE Polk Oak‐hickory scrub, scrubby flatwoods, or sandhills on yellow sand SE Region 4 USFWS open areas along what was once a scrub‐ June (fruiting); April‐Oct sandhill ecotone (leaves)

1 Bald eagles are afforded protection under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (BGEPA) ² All nongame birds are protected under the provisions of AL state regulation except crows, starlings, blackbirds, English sparrows, Eurasian collared doves, pigeons, and other non‐native species. ³ Threatened status is for those individuals found west of Mobile and Tombigbee Rivers ⁴ FL state listed species status changes are anticipated to be implemented by 2015 ⁵ Eastern diamondback rattlesnakes have been petitioned for a Threatened status, and is under review by USFWS Table 1. Legend

FEDERAL LISTED STATUS Candidate species for which federal listing agencies have sufficient information on biological vulnerability and threats to support C proposing to list the species as Endangered or Threatened

E Endangered: species in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range

E, XN Non‐essential experimental population

N Not currently listed, nor currently being considered

SAT Treated as Threatened due to similarity of appearance to a species which is federally listed

Threatened: species likely to become Endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its T range STATE LISTED STATUS Endangered: species, subspecies, or isolated population so few or depleted in number or so restricted in range that it is in E imminent danger of extinction FE Federally Endangered

FT Federally Threatened

FT(S/A) Treated as Threatened due to similarity of appearance to a species which is federally listed

FXN Federally Experimental population

N Not currently listed, nor currently being considered for listing Partial Status Mussels (Alabama): species are partially protected by regulations of the Alabama Game, Fish, and Fur Bearing PSM Animals Regulations R Rare

SP State Protected, Alabama Species of Special Concern is a species, subspecies, or isolated population which is facing a moderate risk of extinction in the SSC future T Threatened: species, subspecies, or isolated population facing a very high risk of extinction in the future

U Unusual

LEAD OFFICES/REGION (USFWS)

Alabama ESFO Alabama Ecological Services Field Office, Daphne, Alabama

Asheville ESFO Asheville Ecological Services Field Office, Asheville, North Carolina

Georgia ESFO Georgia Ecological Services Field Office, Athens, Georgia

Mississippi ESFO Mississippi Ecological Services Field Office, Jackson, Mississippi

New Jersey ESFO New Jersey Ecological Services Field Office, Pleasantville, New Jersey

North Florida ESFO North Florida Ecological Services Field Office, Jacksonville, Florida Office of the Office of the Regional Director, Atlanta, Georgia Regional Director Panama City ESFO Panama City Ecological Services Field Office, Panama City, Florida

Raleigh ESFO Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office, Raleigh, North Carolina

SE Region 4 Southeast Region (Region 4)

South Florida ESFO South Florida Ecological Services Field Office, Vero Beach, Florida

SOURCES

USFWS U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System (accessed 2013)

220‐2‐.92 Outdoor Alabama, Nongame Vertebrates Protected by Alabama Regulations, Section 220‐2‐.92

50 CFR part 17 Title 50 Chapter I Subchapter B Part 17‐Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants

ANHP Alabama Inventory List, Alabama Natural Heritage Program, June 2011

Enge, Kevin M., et al. The Historical and Current Distribution of the Eastern Indigo Snake (Drymarchon couperi ). Herpetological Enge, et al. 2013 Conservation and Biology 8(2):288−307. September 2013.

FNAI Florida Natural Areas Inventory Tracking Lists: www.fnai.org (accessed 2013)

FWC Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission: www.myfwc.com (accessed 2013)

Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division: www. georgiawildlife.com (accessed 2013) and Chapter GDNR 391‐4‐10

Designation of Critical Habitat for Three Threatened Mussels and Eight Endangered Mussels in the Mobile River Basin 69 FR RIN 1018‐AI73 40083 40083‐40171 07/01/2004 RIN 1018‐AI73 Table 2. LISTED SPECIES COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY WINDOW TABLE Species Listed Status Federal Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Common Name Scientific Name State AL State GA State FL⁴ USFWS MAMMALS Southeastern Pocket Gopher5 Geomys pinetis N SP T N ------Sherman's Fox Squirrel6 Sciurus niger shermani N N N SSC ------BIRDS Florida Scrub-Jay Aphelocoma coerulescens T N N FT ------Limpkin Aramus guarauna N N N SSC ------Florida Burrowing Owl7 Athene cunicularia floridana N N N SSC ------Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway T N N FT ------Southeastern American Kestrel Falco sparverius paulus N SP² R T ------Florida Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis pratensis N N N T ------Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus N¹ SP² T N ------Wood Stork Mycteria americana E SP² E FE ------Red-Cockaded Woodpecker8 Picoides borealis E SP² E FE ------Other Colonial Nesting Water Birds9 ------REPTILES Eastern Indigo Snake10 Drymarchon couperi T SP T FT ------Gopher Tortoise Gopherus polyphemus C SP³ T T ------Sand Skink Plestiodon reynoldsi T N N FT ------Blue-tailed Mole Skink Plestiodon egregius lividus T N N FT ------AQUATICS Fish/Crustaceans11 ------

12 ------Mollusks PLANTS (FEDERAL LISTING) Florida Bonamia Bonamia grandiflora T N N E ------Short-leaved Rosemary Conradina brevifolia E N N E ------Scrub Buckwheat Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium T N N E ------

Cooley's Waterwillow Justicia cooleyi E N N E ------Britton's Beargrass Nolina brittoniana E N N E ------Canby's Dropwort Oxypolis canbyi E N E N ------Lewton's Polygala Polygala lewtonii E N N E ------Scrub Plum Prunus geniculata E N N E ------American Chaffseed Schwalbea americana E E E E ------Cooley's Meadowrue Thalictrum cooleyi E N E E --- Florida Filmy Fern Trichomanes punctatum spp. floridanum C N N E ------Relict Trillium Trillium reliquum E E E N --- - 1Bald eagles are afforded protection under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (BGEPA) ²All nongame birds are protected under the provisions of AL state regulation except crows, starlings, blackbirds, English sparrows, Eurasian collared doves, pigeons, and other non-native species. 3Threatened status is for those individuals found west of Mobile and Tombigbee Rivers 4FL state listed species status changes are anticipated to be implemented by 2015 5Southeastern Pocket Gopher breeding Jun - Aug 6Sherman's Fox Squirrel breeding mid-May - Jul and Dec - Jan 7Burrowing Owl breeding Feb 15 - Jul 10 8Red-Cockaded Woodpecker breeding Apr - Jun 9Other Colonial Nesting Water Birds includes Little Blue Heron, Snowy Egret, Tricolored Heron, White Ibis, Roseate Spoonbill 10Eastern Indigo Snake winter refugia Oct 1 - Apr 30 11Fish/Crustaceans includes Bluestripe Shiner, Blacktip Shiner, Lipstick Darter, Broadstripe Shiner, Russetfin Topminnow, Grainy Crayfish 12Mollusks includes Fat Three-ridge, Delicate Spike, Brother Spike, Purple Bankclimber, Shinyrayed Pocketbook, Gulf Moccasinshell, Oval Pigtoe, Sculptured Pigtoe, Downy Rainbow, Winged Spike