Ed 110532 Ud 015 335

Home , Status inconsistency, Welfare in New York

DOCUMENT RESUME ED 110532 UD 015 335

AUTHOR Cameron, Colin,, Comp. TTTL;! Attitudes of the Poor and Attitudes Toward the Poor: An Annotated Bibliography. INSTITUTION Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Inst. for Research on Poverty. PUB DATE 75 NOTE 181p.

EDPS PRICE MF-Ts675g-11C-$9.51 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS *Annotated Bibliographies; *Economically Disadvantaged; Economic Disadvantagement; Educational Attitudes; *Majority Attitudes; Measurement 'Techniques; Minority Groups; polit'cal Attitudes; *Psychological Patterns; Public Opin'n; *Social iAttitudes; Work Attitudes

ABSTRACT,

, The stated purpose of this compilation is to gather together some of the more commonly obtainable works from books, journals, and dissertations, as well as newspaper reports. In addition, where possible, abstracts. are stated to be used to describe the material cited. This compilation includes a subject and author index. It is noted that the controversial concept of "culture of poverty" or "poverty of culture" is not explored in detail. However, a limited attempt is considered to be made to present certain ,.1vaizt. ciLatioris..eV litzature oz ,iliformationrevolvirig atooid til. factors contributing to the psychological world of the poor and what makes them think as they do. In that section, it is stated, an attempt is made to select some of the`.books and articles that 1 uminate not only some of the elements of the everyday lives of the po that influence the formation of their attitudes., but also those tha highlight their psychological state. In this bibliography an ,.empt is considered to be made to,bring together a number of ertinent citations to the more scholarly literature of recent vintage, especially since 1965. The cutoff date for inclusion is the latter part of 1973 f r most works; however, when information is available about forth owing publications of note, some of the most outstanding are stateito be also!included. (Author/JM)

*********************************k************************************* * Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDES). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. ***********************************************************************

A IITTITUDESOF THE POOR AND

ATTITUDES TOWARD THE POOR N.`

AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY compiled by Colin Cameron\

U S.OEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EOUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO DUCE° EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY

INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH ON POVERTY University of Wisconsin-Madison Attitudes of the Poor and Attitudes Toward the Poor

3 ATTITUDES OF THE POOR AND ATTITUDES TOWARD THE POOR

AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Compiled by Colin Cameron\ Bibliographer, Institute for Research on Poverty

INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH ON POVERTY University of Wisconsin-Madison PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS COPY. RIGHTED MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Regents of the Univ. of Wisconsin System TO ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING UNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THE NATIONAL IN STITUTE OF EDUCATIONFURTHER REPRO. DUCTION OUTSIDE THE ERIC SYSTEM RE. QUIRES PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNED

This work was sponsored hyhe Institute for Research on Poverty of the University of Wisconsin pursuant to the provisions of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964.

Library of Congress Cataloging inPublication Data

Cameron, Colin, 1939 - Attitudes of the poor and attitudes toward the poor. Includes index. 1. PoorUnited StatesBibliography. 2. PoorUnited States-Public opinionBibliography. 3.Public opinion United States-Bibliography. 1. Wisconsin. University Madi- son, Institute for Research on Poverty. II. Title. Z7164.115C34 016.301 15'43'301441 74.22134 Table of Contents

Preface vii 3. Attitudes Toward the.Working Poor . . 76 78 Acknowledgements ix 4. Attitudes About the Life-Style of the Poor 5. Attitudes Toward Minorities A. Attitudes of the Poor t a. Blacks 80 1 . Aspects of the Life-Style That b. Puerto Ricans 83 Affect Attitudes of the Poor 3 c. Indians 83 2.Attitudes of the Poor Toward Work d. Mexican-Americans 83 Opportunities and Work Situations 11 e. Eskimos 84 3. Attitudes of the Poor Toward Welfare. 18 Attitudes of Employers and 4. Attitudes of the Poor About the Managers Toward the Poor 85 Future. Fate, Destiny, and Fulfillment 7. Attitudes-of Social Workers and of Potentud 21 Social Intervention Workers Toward 5. Attitudes of Minority Group Members the Poor 89 26 a. Blacks 8. Attitudes About the Education 31 b. Puerto Ricans of Disadvantaged Students 32 c.Indians a. Attitudes of Teachers of d. Mexican-Americans 33 Disadvantaged Students 95 e. Eskimos 35 b. Attitudes of Students Toward (6-.Attitudes of Blue-Collar and of Disadvantaged Students 98 Disadvantaged Workers 36 9. Prejudice and Toleration; Transracial Adoption . 99 7. Attitudes of Disadvantaged Students 10. Class Attitudes Toward the Poor a. Primary and Secondary School Students 38 a. Class Attitudes Toward the Poor . . 103 b. College Students 42 b. Racial Attitudes Between Classes . . 106 8. Attitudes of the Poor About I I. Attitudes of the Nonpoor Toward the Educational System, Riots, Antipoverty Programs 109 and Racial Advancement 12. Attitudes Affecting the Future of the Poor. . 111 a. Educational System, Justice, and Society 44 13. Attitudes About Desegregation 115 b. Riots 45 14. Attitudes of Religious Groups c. Militance and Racial Advancement . 47 Toward the Poor 117 9. Attitudes of the Poor Toward Social 121 Workers and Other Social Intervention C. Ch inging Attitudes Workers 49 D. Related Citations 135 10. Attitudes of the Poor About E. Measuring Attitudes and Guaging Miscellaneous Topics: Race, Politics, Public Opinion About the Poor 143 Legal Aid, Health Care 53 1 1 . Attitudes of the Poor Toward F. Survey Research Centers, and Polls Family Planning and Birth Control 57 and Public Opinion Centers 12. Attitudes of the Poor Toward Other Classes 59 I. Survey Research Centers 1 49 13. Attitudes of the Poor About 2. 'Polls and Public Opinion Centers 151 Antipoverty Programs 61 14. Attitudes of Disadvantaged Youth 63 G. 'Sources 15. Feelings of Anomie and Powerlessness 66 I. Periodicals and Indexes of Note 155 2. Sourceworks and Sources of B. Attitudes Toward the Poor Ongoing Information 156 I. Attitudes Toward the Poor 3. Bibliographies 159 As Welfare Recipients 71 2. Attitudes Toward the Nonworking Poor 75 Index 161 Preface

Manyattempts havealreadybeen made to make possible, abstratAs were used tu describe the material cited. advantaged sulety mule amenable, to helping the puut get on Although vfairlywide rangeoftupws- Is presented here, thenfeet eunumially. Programs tohelppuut people there has not been time or spat.el to du a umprehensive job adually fed different about themselves in some bash. way of annotation. Sumetimes this was due to nut ;being able to and mute po.ntive about their own possibilities are also obtainthe document. Although_ this weakness isto be YLA alltut) often, these prug.ams to impluve the regretted, it is hoped That future versions of this ,ompilation eonomi, lives, homes, or edut.atiunal institutions of the may remedy the fault by more ,umplete write-ups and poor, are "one-shot deals" that, although they specifically descriptions of the.literature. alleviate that une problem, du nut appruadi the mute general In the best of all oussible bibliographies, wnsiderable dilemma of disuvering liowtheformula may beurn multiple listing and suss-referenong would be provided for versalized. those entries whose contents require placement in two or Afterall,the examination of intervention strategy more set.tiuns. Unfortunatelyjittle of this was possible here. , ...arinut be the pruvui, a uf the puut, many uf w hum La. the However, this volume dues include a subject andauthor edutAtiuri and tedinulugy, noran Its effwaduus extension index.In any case, the omission of the multiplelisting of ur reappli-t,atiun to larger settings be their dying. And su the l_ettain works even where this may seem [lei-essay ,merely burden uf responsibility urnes bail to the researJiers who given the range of tupit.s suggested by the titlers solely my began the prut.ess. At this junt.ture, more study is needed at defident.y. Furthermore, the omission of any one wurk in a the plae "where the pour meet the system." There must also multiple entry form ist.ertainly not to be thought of as be a re,ugnitiun of whidi programs have adually effet.ted reflei.ting pejoratively un its value ur range of applit.ability. A i.hanges Inthe peraptual set of the poOt. Whiledies,: few multiple listings (espet.ially of individualhapters of dianges have sum times been made by antipuverty programs, bucks) were attempted, but the indusitni of these is more by fullest advantage has not been taken of newly discovered chance than by design. techniques to utilize the principle. Ithas not -b..eenpossible inthis bibliography to do The reports uf rescardi un studying the attitudes uf justwe to the impurtant.e of the wntruversial corKept of putif peuple and of so-lety's attitudes toward them goes bai.k ",ulture of poverty" ur "poverty of ,ulture." A separate in the literature of sut.iulugy and psyt.hulugy more than half volume uuld be wIlet.ted tatiuns cum.erning that uf a ,entury. There are a number of nineteenth ,entury mumentous and t.tut.ial issue, whidios dirtently of interest works hid aver the tupit. quite aptly. However, few to many brandies of the suoal sdent.es. At any rate, a small, bibliographies un this double barreled torn, exist, and I hope tukcn attempt lies becii made to present ,,el-tam relevant thatthis one will stimulate sdiulats and researt.hers to itations to literature un inforMation revulving around the 1.4rieettli materials that have remained slumbering tun lung faauts dintributing to the ,ps-ydiulugit.al world of the pour beneath the surfatx.Fur example, spetafit.,hapters of and what makes them think as they du, this is'Section A-I. various books, whose titles may ur may nut lead one to In that se,tion, I have attempted to selei.t some of the believe that they include any thing of relevanLe, contain a books and articles, that Illuminate not only seine of the wealth of material. elements of the everyday lives of the poor that influence the I have attempted tu ollea tugethei here some uf the formation of their attitudes, but also those tint highlight mute ...ummutily ubtainable works frum bucks, journals, arid their psyt.hulugit.al state un an imaginary seismograph. These dissettatiuns, as well as newspaper reputes. In addition, where elements indutie the following. the well known sense of

7 vii vin I Pietace

,,. living onlyft,'the hew and now, the all pervasive sense of article ut book publishing, one can never quite be entirely powerlessness, the laek ut ditection and Lupin/Aunt ern up-to-date with the inclusion of all the most recent literature deuced by the absence of long-tang planning, the effects of in a bibliugt oh/ The cutoff date lot inclusion was the latter living under debilitating and sometimes denicanuib welfare part of :973 for most works, however, when information conditions that sometimes pioduce fatherless, extended, or was available a:)out forthcoming publications of note, sonic broken family groups and, simultaneously, authulitaliali, of the most outstanding were also included. In addition, a matinucal family units, the tioncated, 'lousy nuptic sense of small ['umbel of books and references which appeared in the temporal structure the pool exhibit, then interest in being spiing of 1974 have been sandwiched in here and there, "hip" within the poverty community; and the influence of where possible. the need for a sustaining, if aberrational personal "hype" 01 It would have been ideal to have been able to present in compelling personality mode. condensed form some of the questions asked by various It would have been nice indeed to have been able to surveys across the country un topics _,:ntering un attitudes, look through the hundreds of worthy textbooks in mh..iulugy as well as including some of the statistics regarding the and economics that have been published in the last few yea's answers. Similarly, the probes of, the pulling organizations III older to extrapolate a chapter ur particular section on the require some kind of documentation, especially the pea issue ut the attitudes toward the pool and those of the pool. centages ur proportions of interviewees answering a partic floweret, the pressures of the publishing deadline fuiced Olaf way. However, as usual, those twin restrictions, time and moratorium on further icseal di and expansion of the text. In space, did not permit inclusion here. It is hoped that in the the best of all possible bibliographies, the work of many neat future a short companion'vulume involving some of the worthy writers and experimenters whose publications are mak,' work traced by pulls and survey agencies will be ready entirely relevant would definitely be included. Yet, to have to supplement the present compendium, completed that paiticular cumulation lot the present bibliug It is my hope that this bibliography will prove to be of [aptly woulti have meant fully anodic' year added unto the some organizational help in guiding serious leseatcheis, social already extendepublication schedule. interventionists, and niembers of thepublic capable of Vvhile explicating the outer limits of this bibliography, 1 effecting positive social change 111 bringing about a dramatic would like tonotet that thetl fur teleV,111.1 citations, alteration in the encapsulated and still often guy world of the topic of the attitudes of teachers and of primary and the poor. secondary school students was pared down somewhat because of a rather disproportionate number of studies made Colin Cameron on theseconcepts. To rectifythis elimination of sonic August, 1974 citations of possible interest, the reader is referred to the original sourceworks, Dissertation Abstracts and Poverty and Human Resources Abstracts. Due to space limitations, this bibliography also omits the was' in which the poor perceive the Vietnam War, Watergate, and so forth. The welter of information available on the topic of desegregation has also been similarly collapsed. The interested reader, using the descriptors "desegregation" or "segregation" in the standard indexes. can retrieve material on this topic. Admittedly, there are many important citations to relevant literature whose lack of inclusion in this book may strike specialists asPlizzling, arbitrary, or capricious.I shoulder the blame for these sins of inadvertent omission myself. I would be pleased to hear about these ill order to improve the next edition. Similarly. I acknowledge that the inevitable has, in fact, occurred once more: that there are inadvertent errors of fact, of transcription, and of copy in the text, Nevertheless, rather than blaming anyone except myself,Iwillingly assume the ultimate guilt. At the same time, I hope that readers who locate such errors might be good enough to take the time to inform me of their findings so that future editions can be corrected. In this bibliography, 1 have attempted to bring together a number of pertinentcitations tothe more scholarly literature of recent vintage, especially since 1965. Just' as in Acknowledgements

Like making a movie or directing a play, the production mass of raggedy -looking papers and the inevitabk backs of or a oibliography is never the work of a singlc individual. but envelopes. Mrs. Mufti has worked steadily and tirelessly, and islathertheeffortofan entiregroup.Usually, the I want her to know that it has been an immense help. It was identificationofspecificpeople responsiblelotcertain Jean who gently prodded me away from the concept of aspects of production is, left unheialded, but since I was making this collation not only my own lifetime pursuit, but fortunate enough to have an excellent group of o-workers hems, as well. As Icannot think of anything more tedious who make the bibliography look better, I feel it is important than editing this manuscript, or fragments thereof, especially to enumerate the various behind -the- scenes cast of thou- when they are brought in piecemeal (as indeed they were), I sands. believe that Jean has saved us both from not only a nervous

In the firstinstance, I must thank the Institute for breakdown, but also from the undignified heartbreak of Research on Poverty, whose administrative staff was most bibliographic psoriasis. helpful in allowing funds fur photocopying and for secre John Peters, Head Documents Librarian of the State tarial assistance during the course of a lung and protracted Historical Society of Wisconsin-Madison, was kind enough production schedule. In aduition, the Institute funded the to help me out with sonic of my more puzzling hibliograph contributing assistant compilers in part. and I would like to ical searches on a number of topics during the past year. In extend my appreciation for this very real form of *support. addition to supillyzg,me with sources, sonic of his searches Julia D. Castro cleaied up many stylistic errors in the helped my own library patrons, thus freeing me to work on manuscript in the final stages as well as transcribing very this manuscript. capably. Susan ilbe and Cathy firsland were also involved Alice Robbin, AssistantDirector of the Data and with this meticulous process and deserve my gratitude for Program Library Service at the University of Wisconsin- their kind ministrations. Janet Jensen had the difficult task Madison, went out of her way to provide me with a number of typing the first draft of the manuscript m a condensed of useful computerized sources andtoclarify research period of time, front a MISS of disparate chicken tracks that techniques in theto me, at least mystifying world of data might have seemed an unconquerable onus to most people. sets. To her, I give my appreciative thank'. Janice Oliver capably At the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., Susan organized a mailing list. Finsen, thatrising young superstar of the bibliographic Mary Sheean was amostsweetdispositioned and world, took time out of precious lunch breaks to guide me competent technical typist, transcribing the manuscript unto on a fascinating tour through the nether regions of her own that miraculous gadget of contemporary bookmaking, the recondite world of books and information retrieval. There, MIST typewriter. She nut only typed and retyped the first too, in the Congressional Reference Service Division, Daniel subsection without noticeable loss of sanity while I kept Mulhullan, a perambulating encyclopedia masquerading as jamming yet another citation into place (thus precipiwing an information analyst, graciously offered me his proles. Mary's near committal to memory of the text, particularly siunal encouragement as well as access to a number of entry number one. Marilyn Affleck's thesis) but managed to reference books. WhileIwas doing my research in the find and correct a goodly number of errors. Washington area, Dr. and Mrs. Leslie Logan of Arlington, For Jean Mufti, who standardized and edited the copy Va., were warmhearted enough to extend their bountiful and developed the technical layout,I am most grateful. hospitality to me for several days. Without her work, this compilation would remain a mere Several of my colleagues in the Social Science Reading

9 ix Aanoulledgement

Room have helped me immeasurably. Barbara Szyszko, my capable chief assbtant in 1973 and 1974, contributed not only her fine typing, but also several citations and annota- tionsVirginia Wolters and Suzette Swoboda were of great support, the tinnierfor allowing the unsightly stacks of sources tt.) accumulate .-the latter for her constantly cheery otlice presence. \ ancyfee Bach, Mark Bergman. David Berwick, John Love, md Jean Mickelson also helped in the early organization My parents. Prof. and Mrs. Donald Cameron, were instrumental in encouraging this work to take shape. I would also like to acknowledge the perennial friendly support and interest of Mary Jay and Richard-L. Jones, Marcia Bluel, and David Logan Finally, I must give the largest figurative bouquet to the Institute's editor. V mean Jondrow, who not only initiated the idea of !nuking tins cumulation, but also stimulated it along through many months of slow growth by her enthu- siasm and editvrial judgment, While I was busy galloping through what must have appeared to be a modern mg of the emporees new clothes, khe Suffered patiently vit I- out any discernible signs of distress.

10 1

A. Attitudes of the Poor

1 r

A. Attitudes of the Poor

1. Aspects of the Life-Style That Affect Attitudes of the Poor

Affleck, Marilyn Reactions to Marginality: A Study of Mentally Re- Baer, Charles Howard tardedandEthnicklinorities.Ph.D.dissertation.Los The New Black Politics in Mississippi. A Quantitative Angeles, University of California, 1966. 219 pages. Analysis. Ph.D. dissertation. Northwestern University, 1970, 235 pages. Alexander, C. Norman; Jr. "Status perceptions." American Sociological Review, Bagdikian, Ben H. Vol. 37, December, 1972, pp. 767-73. In the Midst of Plenty. A Signet Book, New American Alexander statesthatthestatusof anindividual Library, 1964r 160 p. determines his perception of the status of others. For example. lower -class persons tend to perceive relatively little Bailey, Robert EdWard distance between themselves and the middle and upper Differences in the Personil-SoLial problems of Negro classes. The author also includes a thorough review of the and Caucasian Secondary School Students. Ph.D. dissertation literature about perception of status. in Education. The University of Florida, 1970. 214 pages. Allen, Vernon L. Ballweg, John A. "Personality concomtpts of poverty." In Proceedings Social Class Differences in Friend and Kin Relativ nships of a Conference on Researdl,on Poverty. Washington, D.C., of the Negro Conjugal Unit. Ph.D. dissertation. The. Univer- Bureau of Social Science Research, June, 1968. 55 p. sity of Nebraska, 1967. 132 pages.

American Jewish Committee Baumheler, Edward C. Ethnic and Racial Groups in the United States A Intergenerational Dependency. A Study of Public Assis- Selected Bibliography. New York, Blaustein Library, Insti- tan,e in Successive Generations. Ph.D. dissertation. Brandeis tute of Human Relatios,March 18, 1968. 8 p. Mimeo- University, 1971. 178 pages. graphed. Beacham, Herbert Connester Anapol, Maithon Milton Background and Economic Status of Unemployed A Study of Minority Group Communication Behavior. Negroes of Tampa, Florida and Their Opinions Regarding Ph.D. dissertation. Ohio State University, 1963. Traming, Retraining, and Relocation for Work. Ph.D. disser-. tation in Education. Columbia, University of Missouri, 1969. Arnold, David 0., editor 245 pages. The Sociology of Subcultures.Berkeley, Cal., The Glendessary Press, 1970. v, 171 p. Benjamin, Jeanette Ann Fourteen different chapters examine various groups A Study of the Social Psychological Factors Related to such as gangs. thieves, and deviants, and the results of their the Academic Success of Negro High School Students. Ph.D. activities, including violence, crime, and delinquency. dissertation. Northwestern University, 1969. 146 pages. Billingsley, Andrew Arnold, David Owen "Family functioning in the low-income Black com- ATheoretical Model of Subcultures:With an Application munity.", Social Casework, Vol. 50, No. 10, Decee er, 1969, to the Internal Variability of Social Classes. Ph.D. disserta- pp. 563-72. tion. Berkeley, University of California, 1966. 181 pages. Bird, Alan R., and McCoy, John L. Bachman, Jerald G., Green, Sway zer, and Wirtanen, Ilona D. White Americans in Rural Poverty.L'.S.Dept. of YouthinTransition.Diopping Out Problemor Agriculture, Agricultural Economic Report Nu. 124, Eco- Symptom' Ann Arbor,Mich.,Universityof, Michigan, nomic Research Service, Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, 1971. Printing Office, November, 1967. 18 p.

12 3 4 / A. Attitudes of the Poor

Blevins, Audie Lee, Jr. Pemak, Leonard Sidney Rural to Urban Migration of Poor Anglos, Mexican A Study of the Meanings of Selected Educational American.), and Negroes. Ph.D. dissertation. The University Concepts to Culturally Diverse Groups, Using the Semantic of Texas at Austin, 1970. 202 pages. Differential.Ph.D. dissertation. Wayne State University, 1967. 112 pages. Brophy, Jere; Hess, Robert; and Shipman, Virginia.C. Teaching Behavior of Mothers in Structural Interaction Dohremvend, Bruce P. with Their Four-Year-Old Children. A Study in FrustratiOn. "Social status, stress, and psychological symptoms." Paper presented at the 38th annual meeting of thellidwest American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 57, No. 4, April, PsychologicalAssociation.Chicago,,111., May 5,1966. 1967,. pp. 625-32. Mimeographed. The 'subject is the manner in which 160 black mothers Dunbar, Anthony interacted' in a teaching capacity with their children (four The Will to Survive. A Study of a Mississippi Plantation year olds) in an urban milieu. Four family patterns we-e Community Based on the Words of Its Citizens. Atlanta, Ga., analyzed According to economic quartile, and the existence Southern Regional Council, Inc., June, 1969. 64 p. of a father in the family. Dunkelberger, John E. Brown, Claude, Dunmeyer, Arthur, and Ellison, Ralph Attitude Toward Occupational Change as an Indicator "Harlem's America." The Nair leader, Vol. 49, No. 19, of Prospects for Adjustment. Paper presented at the Agri- September 26, 1966. cultural Economics and Rural Sociology Section, Association of Southern Agricultural Workers, Atlanta, Ga., February 4, ,Bullough, Bonnie 1964. 16 p. Mimeographed. "Alienation inthe ghetto." In Black Political Atti- tudes: Implications for Political Support. Chicago, Markham Eaton, Joseph W. Publishing Co., 1972. pp. 83-96. "The immobile poor." In Social Welfare and Urban Problems, Thomas D. Sherrard, editor. New York, Columbia Caudill, Harry M. University Press, 1968. pp. 62-83. "The permanent poor: the lesson of eastern Kentucky." In Man Against Poverty: World War III, Arthur I. Blaustein Engel, Madeline Helena and Roger R. Woock, editors. New York, Vintage Books, A Reconsideration of the Concept "American Lower 1968. pp. 118-28. Class": A Study of Urban Subcultures. Ph.D. dissertation. Originally in The Atlantic Monthly, June, 1964. Fordham University, 1966.

Clark, Kenneth B. Entwisle, Doris R. "The cry of the ghetto." In Dark Ghetto, by Kenneth Semantic Systems of Minority Groups. Baltimore, Md., B. Clark, New York, Harper and Row, 1965. pp. 109-18. The Center for the Study of Social _Organization of Schools, In this chapter, Clark uses direct quotations from poor The Johns Hopkins University, June, 1969, 15 p. persons itIr_present their viewpoints. Epps, Edgar G. Coles, Robert Social Background and Motivation. Ann Arbor, Mich., Faiew ell to the South. Boston, Little, Brown, 1972. viii, Survey Research Center, The University of Michigan, April, 408 p. 1966, 18 p.

Coles, Robert 'Fasick, Frank "Mountaineers not unhappy, claims Harvard professor. "Educational retardation among children of migratory West Vergima Frontiers, Vol. 1, No. 1, December, 1967, 1+ agricultural workers." Rural Sociology, Vol. 32, No. 4, p. December, 1967, pp. 399-411.

Coles, Robert Flynn, Gerald Peter Soine Political Meanings of Suburbia: Sociaktlass and . "What poverty does to the mind." The Nation, Vol. 202, No. 25, June 20, 1966, pp. 746-48. Local Political Culturein Two Suburban Municipalities. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Pennsylvania, 1970. 147 pages. Craig, Gregory W.; Harkins, Arthur M.; and Woods, Richard G. Indian Housing in Minneapolis and St. Pairl7Minnea- "The effects of prevailing values and beliefs on the polls,Minn., Training Center for Community Programs, perpetuation of poverty m rural areas." North Carolina State University of Minnesota, July, 1969, 22+ p. University, Agricultural Policy InstituteSeries, Vol.19, November, 4965, pp. 33-43. DeBlassie, Richard R., and Healy, Gary W. Self Concept: A Comparison of Spanish-American, Ford, ThoritasJ2. Negro, and Anglo Adolescents Across Ethnic, Sex, and "Rural poverty in _the United States." In Rural Poverty Sucioeconurnic Variables. Las Cruces, N.M., Clearinghouse and Regional Progress in an_Urban Society. Washington, un Rural Education and Small Schools, New Mexico State D.C., Chamber of Commerce of ihe United States, 1969. pp. University, March, 1970, 19 p. 153-76.

13 A. I. Life-Style / 5

Ford, Winfield Scott, Jr. Goldenberg, Irene Feitlstein Racial Attitudes, Behavior, and Perceptions of Pub'', Social Class Diffe enees in Teacher Attitudes Toward, Housing Residents in a Border State City Ph.D. dissertation. Disupline and Aggression in Children. Ph.D. dissertation in University of Kentucky, 1969. 208 pages. Education. Los Angeles, University of California, 1969. 110 pages. Fox, Billy- Reed Effect of Public Welfare Affiliation, Absence of Father Goldstein, Bernard Figure, and Other Selected Variable Factors on the Develop- "Work." In Low Income Youth in Urban Areas. A ment of Socialization, Maturity, Responsibility, and Intra- Critical Review of the Literature. NeYork, Holt, Rinehart, personal Structuring of Values Among Male High School I Winston, Inc., 1967. pp. 62-81. Adolescents.Ph.D.dissertation.Universityof Southern Mississippi, 1972. 94 pages. Gollin, Albert E. The Demography of Protest: A Statistical Profile of tIV Fried, Marc, and Levin, Joan Participants in the Poor People's Campaign. Washington, "Some social functions of the urban slum." In Urban D.C., Bureau of Social Science Research, Inc., August, 5, Planning and Social Policy, Bernard J. Frieden and Robert 1968. 22 p. Morris, editors. New York, Bask Books, Inc., 1966. pp. 60-83. Goodwin, Leonard Do the Poor Want to Work? A Social-Psychological Friedland, William II., and Nclkin, Dorothy Study of Work Orientations. New York, Brookings Institu- "Migrant labor: a form of intermittent 'social organization, 1972. 178 p. !ion." ILR Research, 'Vol. 13, No. 2, November, 1967. pp. 3-14. Goslin, David A., editor Handbook of SocializationTheory and Research. Fuller, Varden Chicago, Rand McNall)oand Company, 1969. xiii, 1182 p. Rural Worker Adjustment of Urban Life. Ann Arbor, Bibliography: pp. 1138-40. Mich., Institute on Labor and Industrial Relations, University Goslin has structured an exeellent theoretical frame- of Michigan. 87 p. work for the study of poor-nonpoor relations. An especially pertinent article is "The Socialization of American Minority Furniss, George Martin Peoples," by Donald R. Young, on pages 1103-40. The Political Assimilation of Negroes in New York City. Ph.D. dissertation. Columbia University, 1969. 460 pages. Greenleigh Associates, Inc. Home Interview Study of Low-Income Households in Gastil, Raymond D. Detroit, Michigan. New York, Greenleigh Associates, Ind., "Lower-class behavior: cultural and biosocial." Human February, 1965. 104 p. Organization, Vol. 32, No. 4, Winter, 1973, pp. 349-62. Bibliography:pp. 360-62, figures. Grier, William H., and Cobbs, Price M. In this anthropologically oriented article, Gastil dis- Black Rage. New York, Basic Books, Inc., 1968. 213 p. cusses the problein of defining "the poor." "Many of the poor. especially those in their late teens and twenties or over Gross, Bertram M., editor 65, belong tu the category but not tu the 'class' of pour." (p. Social Intelligence for America's Future. Explorations 350)Gastil has included referencestoforeign peoples, in Societal Problems. Boston, Allyn and Baton, Inc., 1969. Appalachians, and American Indians. xxxv, 541 p. Especially important are: Chapter 5: "Civil Liberties," Geisman, Ludwig L. by Milton R. Konvitz, pp. 98-125;.Chapter 12: "Poverty, 555 Families. A Social-Psychological Study of Young Inequality and Conflict," by S.M.Miller, MartinRein, families in Tramilion. New Brunswick, Transaction Books, Pamela Roby, and Bertram M. Gross, pp. 283-329, Chapter 1973. 268 p. 13: "Employment Goals and 'the New Economics'," by Leon Ke.yserling, pp. 330-51; Chapter 14: L"Discrimination George, Flavil Hall, Against Negroes," by Otis Dudley Duncan, pp. 352-74. The Relationship of theSelf Concept, Idealelf Concept, Values, and Parental Self Concept, to the VOca- Guttentag, Maria tonal Aspiration of Adolescent Negro Males. Ph.D. dis,serta- "Groupcohesiveness,ethnicorganization,and tion in Education. North Texas State University, 1969. 103 poverty." Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 26, No. 2, Spring, pages. 1970, pp. 105-32.

Glovannoni, Jeanne M., and Billingsley, Andrew Hadden, Jeffrey K., and Borgatta, Edgar F. "Child neglect among the poor. a study of parental American Cities. Their Social Charactcristies. Chicago, adequacy in families of three ethnic groups." Child Welfare, Rand McNally, 1965. vi, 193 p. - M. 49, No--4, April, 1970, pp. 196-204. Ilarrington, Michael Glazer, Nona Y., and Creedon Care! F., editors The Other America. Poverty in the United States. Children and Poverty. Some Sociological and Psycho- Baltimore, Md., Penguin Books, 1963. 186 p. logical Pcrspe,tacs. Chicago, Rand McNally and Company, In this well-known classic, Harrington describes the life 1968. 328 p. of the poor, and suggests several ways to improve their

14 6 / A. Attitudes of the Poor life-style. He also discusses the attitudes of the nonpoor and Jeffers, Camille the factors that have prevented alleviation of the poverty Living Pour. Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor Publishers, 1967. problem. The author quotes the prevalent attitude toward 123 p. the nonpoor that, "The poor are that way because they are afraid of work.. :.If they were likS'me... they could pay Kahn, Kathy their own way. But they prefer to live on the dole and Lheat Hillbilly Women. New York, Doubleday and Co., 1973. the taxpayers." (p. 21) Keller, Suzanne I. Harris, Fred R. The American Lower Class Family. Albany, N.Y., New "The Ameman Negro today." Witham and Mary Law York State Division for Youth, 1970. (Fifth Printing), iii, 89 Review, Vol. 10, No. 3, Spring, 1962, pp. 550-78. p. Bibliography: pp. 78-89. Helmreich, William Beni(6 The Black Crusaders: A Case Study of a Black Militant Kelley, Marjorie G. Organization.,P11,13. dissertation.WashingtonUniversity, The Culture of Poverty. An Exploration in Culture and 1971. 300 pages. Personality. Raleigh, North Carolina State University, Center for Occupational Education, 1971.47 p. Hernton, Calvin C. Sex and Racisth in America. New York, Grove Press, Kim, Kwang Hoon Inc., 196-6. 180 p. The Social Context of Occupational and Educational Mobility Aspirations of Negro Adolescents. Ph.D. disserta- Hernton uses dramatic case histories of both whites and blacks to examine the concept of sex and racism. His tion. University of Maryland, 1968. 199 pages. discussion of the attitudes of white women and black men Klinger, Alfred D. 7 toward each other is espeLially interesting, he also graphs the "A welfare doctor's reflections on poverty, patients, psychology of the "black mystique." and physicians." Public Welfare, Vol. 28, No. 4, October, 1970, pp. 377-97. Hodge, Robert W. "Social integration, psychological well-being, and their Koos, Earl L. sowoeLonomiL correlates." InSocial StratifiLations.Re- They Follow the Sun. Jacksonville, Fla., Florida State seal-,.h and Theory for the 1970s, Edward 0. Laumann, Board of Health, Bureau of Maternal and Child Health, 1957. editor. Indianapolis, Bobbs-Merrill, 1970. pp..182-206. 55 p.

Hollister, C. David Kriesberg, Louis "Negro-white differenLes m parental interest m eduLa- "Enclaves of poverty." In Mothers in Poverty. ChKago, tion." Sociological Focus on Education, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1969, Aldine Publishing Company, 1970. pp. 81-112. pp. 96-110. Kriesberg, Louis Hort 6n, John "On explaining the life style of the poor." In Mothers in "Tintt and cool people." Trans-action, Vol. 4, No. 5, Poverty. Chicago, Aldine Publishing Company, 1970. pp. April, 1967, pp. 5-12. 1-25.

Uundley, James R., Jr. LaBarre, Maurine "The dynamics of., recent ghetto riots." Journal of "The strengths of the self-supporting poor." Social Urban Law, Vol. 45, Nos. 3 and 4, Spring/Summer, 1968, Casework, Vol. 49, No. 8, October, 1968, pp. 459-66. pp. 627-39. Lang, Harold Wendell Hurst, Charles, E. Relationship of the Self-Concept of Fifth-Grade Negro "Race, class, and consciousness." American Sociological Students with their Knowledge of Negro Leaders and Events. Review,Vol.37, December,1972, pp. 658-70. Tables, Ph.D. dissertation in EducatiOn. North Texas State Univer- references. sity, 1970. 114 pages. Langner, Thomas S., et al. Irelan, Lola M.; Moles, Oliver C.; and O'Shea, Robert M. "Psychiatric ,simpairment m welfare and non-welfare "Ethnicity, poverty, and selected attitudes: a test of the children." Welfare in Review, Vol. 7, No. 2, March/April, `Culture of Poverty' hypothesis." Social Forces, Vol. 47, 1969, pp. 10-21. June, 1969, pp. 405-13. Lansing, John B., and Hendricks, Gary Jackson, Willie Fred Living Patterns and Attitudes in the Detroit Region. A The Relationship of Sod.o-Economic Level of Negro reportfor TALUSDetroit Regional Transportation and High School Students to Occupational Choice, Educational Land Use Study. Detroit, TALUS, 1967. 241 p. Aspiration, and Attitudes. Ph.D. dissertation. Pennsylvania State University, 1969. Lewis, Oscar "Thecultureofpoverty."InOn Understanding Jacobs, Paul Poverty: Perspectives from the Social Sciences, Daniel P. "The lower depths in Los Angeles." Midstream, Vol. 13, Moynihan, editor. New York, Basic Books, Inc., 1968. pp. No. 5, May, 1967, pp. 14-23. 187-200.

1.5 A. I. Life-Style / 7

Liebow, Elliot Miller, S.M., andsRiessman, Frank Behavior and Values of Street Corner Negro Men. Ph.D. Social Class and Social Policy. New York, Bask, Books, dissertation. (Anthropology Studies No. I). Catholic Univer- Inc., 1968. 302 p. sity of America, 1966. Miller, Walter B. Loom, Richard, Deutsch, Martin, and Whiteman, Martin "Lower class vulture as a generating milieu of gang "Race and soda! class, as separate faaors related to delinquency." In Gang Delinquency and Delinquent Sub- social environment." The American Journal of Sociology, cultures, James F. Short, Jr., editor. NewoYork, Harper and Vol. 70, No. 4, January, 1965, pp. 471-76. Row, 1968. pp. 135-56.

Lueptow, Lloyd B. Miller, W.B. "The disadvantaged childprimary greitip training for `Subculture, soual reform, and the culture of poverty." secondary group life." Teachers College Journal, October, Human Organization, Vol. 30, Summer, 1971, pp. 111-25. 1965, 8 p. Minuchin, Salvador, et al. Lyford, Joseph P. "The disorganized and disadvantaged family: structure "In my neighborhood an adult is a dead ,child." Center and process." In Families of the Slums. An Exploration of Diary13.Santa Barbara, Cal., Center for the Study of Their Structure and Treatment. New York, Basic Books, Inc., Democratic Institutions. July/August, 1966, pp. 4-11. 1967. pp. 192-243. Malone, iyberenia Ponder A Comparative Study: Some Socio - economic Factors Moffitt, Alan R. Operative in the Lives of Selected High School Students of "Language, cognition, and poverty." In Poverty and the Poverty Designation Acwrding to 0E0 Criteria, in .Austin Child, Thomas J.Ryan,editor.Toronto, McGraw-Hill and Travis County. Ph.D. dissertation. I he University of Ryerson, Limited, 1972, pp. 41-66. Bibliography. pp 62-66. Texas at Austin, 1969. 141 pages. This is an excellent depiction of the lower-class frame- Malone, Charles A. work which leads not only to diminished IQ, but to reduced "The psychological characteristics of the children trom linguistic capability and lowered ability to comprehend basic a developmental viewpoint." In The linnets. Children of concepts. The chapter includes full citations of landmark DisorganizedLower-C lassFamilies,EleanorPavenstedt, psychological experiments, and presents a thorough, review of editor.Boston,Little, Brown and Company, 1967. pp. the literature. The writer's depiction of the attitudes of 105-24. ethnic minoritiesCanadian Eskimos and Indiansand the typicaldouble-valentcultural bindin which they find Mangin, William P. themselves is ample. The section on bilingualism is on pages "Reflections on poverty as a subculture." In Proceed- 51-53. "For thebilinguals,apositiveattitude towards ings of a Conference on Research on Poverty. Washington, English was associated with negative attitudes toward the D.0 ., Bureau of Social Science Research, Inc., June, 1968. 43 French language. This finding raises the extremely complex p. problem of cultural conflict and language learning...unlike integration, assimilation implies the total adoption of cul- Mattick, Ilse tural values and attitudes of the dominant majority and a loss "Description of the children." In The Drifters: Children of ethnic identity." of Disorganized Lower-Class Families, Eleanor Pavenstedt, editor.Boston, Little, Brown and Company, 1967. pp. Mooney, J.D. 53-81. "Urban poverty and labor force participation." Ameri- can Economic Review, Vol. 57, March, 1967, pp. 104-19. McCormick, M.J. Bibliography. "Human values and the pour." Social Casework, Vol. Reply. Cain, G.G.. and Mincer, J., "Reply with rejoin- 46, Mardi, 1965, pp. 132-41. der." American Economic 1c, .,ew, Vol. 59, March, 1969, pp. Bibliography. 185-98. 'Commentary:Harris, J.A., "Reply with rejoinder." Social Casework, Vol. 46, June, 1965, p. 365. Mondale, Walter F. , "Red, white,black and \ni:glectedthinkof these Meier, John children." The New Republic, December 26, 1970, pp. "A kaleidoscopiclookatdisadvantaged children." Children, Vol. 15, No. 4, July/August, 1968, pp. 161-63. 15-17.

Melman, Clara Rachel Moretz, Walter Jennings, Jr. fhe Sacral Psychologyof Lower- Middle -Class Com- Selected Personality Traits of Negro Senior Ili& School munity College Students. Ph.D. dissertation. Naw SLhool for Pupils in Northern Florida, as Related to School Racial Social Research, 1971. 202 pages. Composition and Sex of Pupils. Ph.D. dissertation. The Florida State University, 1970. 105 pages. Miller, Ruth Social Cohesion and Political Activism in Two Low Nillus, L.J. IncomeInnerCityNeighborhoods.Ph.D.dissertation. "Poverty of dialogue or dialogue with thepoor." Columbia University, 1972. 329 pages. Ecumenical Review, Vol. 19, April, 1967, pp. 186-88. 16 8 1 A. Altitude% of the Poor

Nobers, Donald Richard Satterlee, James Lee The Effects of Father's Absence and Mother's Charac- Characteristics of Low Income Families in Eastern teristics on the Identification of Adolescent White and Negro South Dakota. An Examination of the Culture of Poverty Males. Ph.D. d ssertation. St. Louis University, 1968. Concept. Ph.D. dissertation. South Dakota State University, 1970. 257 pages. Nobles, Wade Winfred The Effects of African Identification Versus American Scanzoni, John 11. Identification and Cultural Message versus Economic Message The Black lanut, in Modern Soda). Boston, Allyn and Exposure on Group-Unity. Ph.D.dissertation. Stanford Bacon, 1971. 353 p. University, 1972. 122 pages. Schmalzried, Beverly L. "No public jobs for unemployed." "The relationship of anxiety to the educational and Social Service Review, Vol. 45, March, 1971, pp. 89-90. vocationalaspirationsoflower-class adolescentmales." Poverty and Human Resources Abstracts, Vol. 3, No. 4, Parker, Seymour, and Kleiner, Robert J. July/A.ugust,1968, pp. 56-57. "Culture of Poverty: an adjustive dimension." American Anthropologist, Vol. 72, June, 1970, pp. 516-27. 'Schneider, Frank Wheeler Bibliography. Differences Between Negro and White School Children Reply.Moynihan,DanielP.,"Reply." American in Conforming Behavior. Ph.D. dissertation. The University Anthropologist, Vol. 73, August, 1971, pp. 985-86. of Florida, 1968. 101 .pages.

Radin, N., and 'Glasser, P.H. Schultz, S.R.. "Use of parental attitude questionnaires with culturally "The role of attitudes in generating higher levels of disadvantaged families." Journal of Marriage and the Famil), Income." Pierre, S.D., South Dakota Agricultural Experi- Vol. 27, August, 1965, pp. 373-82. mental Station, June, 1964. (Agricultural Economics Pamph- let No. 121). pp. 10-14. Rainwater, Lee, editor Black Experience. Soul. Chicago, Aldine Publishing Co., Sewell, William II., and Haller, Archibald 0. 1970. 186 p. "Social status and personality adjustment of the child." Sociometiy, Vol. 19, No. 2, June, 1956, pp. 114-25. Randal, Judith "The bright promise of neighborhood health centers." Sherwin, Robert C. The Reporter, Vol. 3, No. 6, March 21, 1968, pp. 15-18. . Social Class Values and Deviant Behavior: An Empirical Test of Some Theories of Delinquency. Ph.D. dissertation. Robinson, David Thomas The University of Connecticut, 1968. 291 pages. A Comparison of Middle Class Persons of Differing Social ClasS Origin on Certain Personality Variables. Ph.D. Short, James F., Jr. dissertationinEducation. The Universityof Tennessee, Gang Delinqucncy and Delinquent Subcultures. New 1967. 215 pages. York, Harper and Row, Publishers, 1968. 328 p.

Rose, A. Shostak, Arthur B., and Gomberg, William, editors "Poverty in Canada: an essay review." Social Service Blue-Collar World: Studies of the American Worker. Review, Vol. 43, March, 1969, pp. 74-84. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1964. 631 p. Rossi, Peter N., and Blum, Zahava D. Social Stratification and Poverty. Presentedatthe Sneden, Lawrence E. II, editor annual meeting of the Sociological Research Association, Poverty.APsychosocialAnalysis.Berkeley,' Cal., August, 1967, San Francisco. 131 p. McCutchan Publishing Corporation, 1970. viii, 397 p. Tables, diagrams, Rournasset, Charles A. This is a worthwhile collection of essays on poverty. At The Negro Consumer. San Francisco, Cal., U.S_ Dept. of the back of each chapter.are bibliographic references, and the Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1966, 16 p. (The Negro in editorhas compiled a special bibliography on poverty the West Series, No. 2). consisting of over 300 items, on pages 380-94. Section IV, Tables, charts, graphs. "The Culture of Poverty," comprising nine writings on pages The economicsituationof thewestern Negrois 74-166, is of special interest. Lawrence Sneden, in "An inflected statistically with well-dune graphs and diagrams, Analysis of1 actors Involved in Upward Social Mobility according to the various ways in which people spend their From the Culture of Poverty," on pages 157-66, discusses income, such as clothing, food, medical care, shelter, etc. research involving very poor people (N =398) in Lansing, Michigan.,, ...measures were also made of their attitudes Samuels, Frank George concerning thepossibilityandvalue of upward social The Negro Tavern; A Microcosm of Slum Life. Ph.D. mobility." (.p. 160) Pau111. Glasser and Elizabeth L. Navarre at Urbana-Champaign, dissertation. University of Illinois discuss "The Problems of Families in the AFDC Program" on 1970. 249 pages. pages 91-98. A section entitled "The Workers' View" is on Sanchez, Annabelle pages 93-94. Also of interest is a description of some of the The absent lather in AFDC lamihes." PublicIticlfarc, viewpoints of women of matnfocal families, on pages 96-97. Vol. 24, Mo. 3. July, 1966, pp. 195-201. The section, "The Practitioner's Problem," on pages 97-98, 17 A. I. Life-Style I 9 views the welfare family's situation from the social worker's Thomas, George perspective. "Some mothers may require counseling through Poverty,inthe SuninetropuhtanSouth. A Causal groupwork and casework methods in order to Lhangc Analysis. Lexington, Mass., D.C. Heath and Company, 1972. attitu:les and values that are detrimental to themsLIves or to (Lexington Books, Studies in Soclal and LLonomIL ProLess.) their children's development." (p. 97) xiv, 135 p. Tables. Stein, Maurice R. This book successfully covers a rather incredible multi- "Sociocultural perspectives on the neighborhood and tudeof topics. The author has taken Lare to keep his the families." In The Drifters. Children of Disorganized statistical data Lollapsed to the smallest possible compass, Lower-Class Families, Eleanor Pavenstedt, editor. Boston, and to present only necessary figures. Yet he also manages to Little, Brown and Company, 1967. pp. 299-320. pay more than mere token obeisance to the recapitulation of the scholarly literature which seems to be de rigueur for this Stewart, Dorothy Granberry sort of work. Taken up, among dozens of other topics, are The Social Adjustment of BlaLk Females at a Predomi- aLLess and delivery of services to the poor, the sociology of nantly White University. Ph.D. dissertation. The University the rural pour, low - income consumers, inequality in the fight of Connecticut, 1971. 112 pages. for programs, the trickle-down problem, the culture of poverty theories, migration and population shifts, ability Stone, Ro ert C., and Schlamp, Fredric T. testing, and the great IQ debate. FamilyLifeStyles BelowthePovertyLine. San Francisco, San Francisco State College, Institute for Social U.S. Bureau of the Census. Science Research, 1966. Characteristics of the Low-Income Population, 1970. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971. Stone, Rbbert C., and Schlamp, Fredric T. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Welfai4 and Working Fathers: Low -Income Family Life Consume, ItitAMILS, Series P-60, No. 81.99 p. Tables. Styles.Lexington,Mass.,D.C.Heath and Company, Lexington Books, 1971. xxix, 284 p. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Figures, tables. \ Characteristics of the Low-Income Population, 1971. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972. Strasel, H.C., and Larkin, Paul G. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Riotersin Washington: A Studyof People and Consumer,Incomes, Series P-60, No. 86.129 p. Employment. Falls Church, Va., Software Systems, Inc., Tables. August, 1968. 80 p. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Summerlin, Curtis Glen Characteristics of the Population by Ethnic Origin, An Analysis of Occurence and Intensity of Maslovian November 1969. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Print- Needs of Disadvantaged and Non-Disadvantaged Students. ingOffiLe,1971. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Mississippi State University, Population Reports, Population Characteristics, Senes P-20, 1972. 127 pages. No. 221.28 p.Tables.

Sussman, Marvin B. Valentine, C.A. The Natureof Dependency Among theDisabled. "Culture and poverty. cntique and counterproposals Cleveland, Ohio, available from the author, Case Western (with discussion)." Current Anthropology, Vol. 10, April/ Reserve University, June, 1968. 24 p. June, 1969, pp. 181-201. Bibliography. Suttles, Gerald Dale Williams, L.K.; Foltman, F.F.; and Rosen, N.A. Territoriality, Identity, and ConduLt. A Study of an Some PsyLhologiLal Correlates of a Depressed Area. Inner City Slum with Special Reference to Street Corner Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University, 1963. 113 p. Groups. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Illinois,,1966. 545 pages. Willie, Charles V.; Kramer, Bernard M.; and Brown, Bertram S.. editors Suttles, Gerald D. Racism and Mental health. Philadelphia, Pa., University The Social Order of the Slum. Ethnicity. and Territory of Pittsburgh Press, 2973. xviii, 604 p. in the ! "ner City. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, Though the prime thrust of this book is in the direction 1968. 243 p. of exploring mental health, this book also touches on life outlooks, attitudes toward many topics, and the sociology Taube, Gerald of peoples suffering from the detrimental effects of racism. TheSocialStructuralSourLesofResidential An espeually good Lhapter, typical of the whole book yet Satisfaction Dissatisfaction in Public Housing. Ph.D. disserta related closely to the topic of attitudes, both perLeived and tion.Brandeis University, The FlorenLe !feller Graduate projeLted, is JaLquelyne Johnson JaLksun's "BlaLk women in School for Advanced Studies in Social Welfare, 1972. 263 a raust soclety ," on pages 185-268. (Cast of historical figures Pages. cited, pp. 258-59; references to literature cited, pp. 259-68). Referencestoliteraturecitedineach chapter are Thomas, Edwin J., and Carter, Robert D. located at the conclusion of eaLli Lhapter, and are numerous "Social psychological factors in poverty." In Organizing andbeneflual. Thereis anexcellentindex. Topics of for Community Welfare, Mayer N. Zald, editor. Chicago, relevance from the index are. attitudes, function of, 28b -8/, Quadrangle Books, 1967. pp. 195-261. (see also Prejudice, 283-95), attitudes of blacks towards stun

18 10A. Attitudes of the Poor

color,193-94; blacksviews of roles of men, 18S-204; blacksviews of roles of women, 186, 190-91, 194-203; blacksviewson familyorganization, 171-75;black children attitudes towards fainily among, 149-52, 172-75, 188-89; blackchildreneffect of blackness on,147-62; whitesattitudes of blacks toward, 78 -71; women (black) attitudes towards violence, 232-33.

Winter, J. Alan, editor The Poor: A Culture of Pgverty or a Poverty of Culture? Grand Rapids, Mich., William B. Eerdmans, Pub- lisher, 1971. 136 p. In the foreword, pages 11-16 specially on page 12), Thomas W. Georges, Jr., documentS the paradox of our American "interest" in poverty and 'social problems, both here and abroad, which seems disturbingly misaligned with our actions at- times. The introductiOn, pages 17-28, by J. Alan Winter,covers the various views countering Oscar Lewis's "seventy facets of the so-called 'Culture of Poverty'." Walter b. Miller,Charles V. Willie, Nathan Glazer, and FrederiCk Holidayarecitedas some authors offering complementary viewsn the body of the book. In these other essays, they flip Lewis' poor-as-social-defects theory overside toform, acorollaryexplanation,thepoor- with - social- defects -as- strengths.

Yamamoto, Kinzo Assimilation of Migrant Negroes in the District of Columbia: A Study of the Effect of Length of Residence on Urban Life Adjustment. Ph.D. dissertation. The Pennsylvania State University, 1971. 222 pages.

19 A. Attitudes of the Poor

2. Attitudes of the Poor Toward Work Opportunities and Work Situations

Allerhand, Melvin E., et al. (Goodwin, 1971),Work-RelevantAttitudesInventory A Study of Impact and Effectiveness of the Compre- (Walther, 1970). hensive Manpower Project of Cleveland (AIM JOBS). Vol.I.Cleveland, AIM Research Project, Cleveland Bakke, E. Wight College, Case Western Reserve University, 1969. 130 p. The Unemployed Worker. A Study of the Task of Vol. II. Cleveland, AIM Research Project, Cleveland Making a Living Without a Job. New haven, Conn., Yale College, Case Western Reserve Lniversity, 1969. 345 p. University, Yale University Press for the Institute of Human Relations, 1940. Auvin en, R. On pages 420-25: The people doing work under the "Women andwork.Ju,141attitudes and women's WPA umbrella had higher self respect than the people who careers." Impact of Science on Society, Vol. 20, No. I, received relief and did not work. January/March, 1970, pp. 73-84. Barry, J.R., and Bloom, R. Backer, Thomas E. "Determinants of work attitudes among Negroes." Methods of Assessing the Disadvantaged in Manpower Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 51, No. 3, June, 1967, Programs: A Review and Analysis. Prepared for the U.S. pp. 291-94. Dept. of Labor, Manpower Administration. Washington, D.C.; U.S, Government Printing Office, 1973. (Rcscarch and Development Findings, No.14). v,I 74 p. Bawden, D. Lee The author, fromthe Human Interaction Research "Ongoing experimentsin income maintenance." In Institute, covers in this research the outlook of the poor who Proceedings of the Twenty-third Annual Winter Meeting, are to he employed, and what they construe as barriers to Gerald G. Somers, editor. Madison, Wis., Industrial Relations their employment; such as testing and authority conflicts. On Research Association, 1971. pp. 322-30. page 93. he mentions a tool being worked on in Ncw York by Amitai Etzioni and Marvin Sontag at the Center for Policy Beacham, Herbert Connestcr Rescarbh balled a Tolerance for Bureaubritik St rubtui e Background andLbonoinieStatus otUnemployed People in WIN programs and bank employees were among Negrubs of Tampa, Florida, and Their Opinions Regarding the early testees. Another test program is supported by the Training, Retraining, and Relocation for Work, Ph.D. disser- Soeial andRehabilitation Program atthe University of tation. University of Missouri, 1969. Illinois. Triandis, Feldman, Slobodin, ct al.; Triandis and Feldnian; and Triandis and Malpass are among those experi- Brubaker, Robert S., ct al. menting. " ...Triandis and his associates now are investi- Communication for Change with the Rural Disadvan- gating the characteristic ways in which disadvantaged persons taged. A Workshop. Washington, D.C., National Academy of perceive their environment, particularly in terms ',of the_ ir Sciences, National Research Council, 1972. 118 p. perception of causality and the behavioral intentions of others, their job perceptions, and their role perceptions." (p. 98) One ,of the particular 'targets of theresearch .designis Campbell, Rcx R., and Mulvey, Susan A. slanted toward'black disadvantaged adult males. Perception of Job Opportunities Among Low Income "Measures of Work Attitudes" are discussed on pages Groups in Missouri. Columbia, Nlo., Agricultural Experiment 105-10. In this important section, a survey is made of various Station, University of Missouri. I Ip. researchers and their important studies. Appendix A, pages 143-45. has a "List of Assessment Tools Identified." Some of Cavanagh, Gerald Francis thereievantonesinclude.Attitude Toward Authority Black and White Workers' Attitudes in Three Industrial (Freeberg, 1968), Expeetancy to Avoid Work (Indik, 1966, ) Plants. View from the Grassroots. Ph.D. dissertation in IncentivetoWorkShale(Indik,1966),Self-Lsteein Business Administration. Lansing, Mibh., Michigan State ( Fr ee be rg , 1968),WorkOrientationQuestionnaire University, 1970. 425 pages.

20 I I 12 I A. Attitudes of the Nor

Community Progress, Incorporated. Goodale, James G. Residential Youth Center. New Haven, Conn., Com- "Effects of personal background and training on work munity Progress, Incorporated, July, 1967. 24 p. values of the hardcore unemployed." Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 57, No. 1, February, 1973, pp. 1-9. Conant, James B. . Slums and -Suburbs. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Goodwin, Leonard Company, 1961. 147 p. Do, the Poor Want to Work A Social-Psychological Study of Work Orientations.Washington, D.C., The Brookings Cummings, Laurie D. Institution, 1972.178 p. "The employed poor: their characteristics and occupa- Bibliography. tions." Monthly Labor Review, July, 1965, pp. 828-41. In probably the most comprehensive analysis of the topic published, the author has conducted a number of surveys regarding the work question as it affects the poor. These have Davis, Earl E. been impressively assembled in easily-read form with only /1 Study of Low-Wage Workers and Their Response to assimilable statistical data being interpolated. The prototype High Intensity Training. Vol. 1. New York, Skill Advance- study began in September, 1967, with 20 trainees answering ment, Inc., 1969. 243 p. questions about the best and worst ways of life. (Goodwin's initial research was published by the Brookings Institution in Decker, Robert Lee April,1968,as"Orientationofthe Unemployed and A Study of Three Spes.ifi, Problems in the Measurement Underemployed Pour Toward Work and Income Maintenance. of Interpretation of Employee Attitudes. Washington, D.C., A feasibility Study," which was published as a mimeo. Ile also American Psy aulugical As.wkiation, 1955. 11p. (Psycho - published WorkOrientations of Underemployed Pour. logical Monographs, Vol. 69, No. 16, Whole No. 401). Report on a Pilot Study" in the Journal of Human Resources, 4,Fati,1969, pp. 503-19.) Denman, Anne Smith Among the different types of questions which Goodwin "Culturaldifferences andattitudes toward employ- administeredandanalyzedlateraccordingtocertain ment." In The Social Sciences and Manpower Research. thenkatu. dusters were i.uncepts about. Work Orientation Ames, Ia., Industrial Relations Center, Iowa State University, . 1 Life Aspirations, Work Orientation 2 The Work Ethic, 1969. pp. 83-94. Work Orientation 3-Lack of Confidence inAbilityto SucceedintheWorkWorld;WorkOrientation4- Acceptability of Quasi-Illegal Activities; Work Orientation Dizard, Jan E. 5-Acceptability of Welfare; Work Orientation 6-Work "Why should Negroes. work?" In Negroes and Jobs, Beyond Need for Money; Work Orientation 7 Training to Louis A. Ferman, JoyceL. Kornbluh, and J.A. Miller, Improve Earning Ability; Work Orientation 8-Job Discrimi- editors. Ann Arbor, Mich., The University of Michigan Press, nation; Work Orientation 9-Intention to Work if on Welfare. 1968. pp. 400-14. The author classified each item on the questionnaire which pertainedtothese 8dimensions- hundreds of questions Dunkelberger, John E. altogether- accordingto"psychological element." These Attitude Toward Occupational Change as an indicator were descriptions such as. life goal (job and mune)), life goal of Prospects for Adjustment. Papa presented at the Agri- (relations witj, others), ur ins.ume belief, intention, occupa- cultural Economics and Rural Sociology Section, Association tional belief, and others. of Southern Agris.oltural Workers, Atlanta, Ga., 1964. 16 p. One group of people chosen tohe analyzed and Mimeographed. interviewed was black ADC mothers with teen-age sons registered with the Baltimore Department of Welfare. Good- Feldman, Jack M. win eliminated the South because there were insufficient "Rao:, employ ment, andtheevaluation of work." WIN programs, New York and Los Angeles, too, are large and Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 58, No.1, August, umplii-ated. The sites selected were cities large enough to 1973, pp. 10-15. have a fair-sized WIN program, but widely splayed ac he _country-Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Detroit, Mils au e, Frederickson, ILG. Seattle, and the Bay Area of San Francisco. "Understanding attitudes toward public employment." Public Administration Review, Vol. 27, December, 1967, pp. Goodwin, Leonard 411-20. A Study of the Work Orientations of Welfare Recipients Participating in the Work Incentive Program: Final Report. Friedlander, Frank, and Greenberg, Stuart Washington, D.C., The Brookings Institution, August, 1971. -14 tea of job attitudes, training, and organization U.S. Dept. of Labor, Contract No. 51-09-6902. pp. 115-35. climate on performance of the hard-core unemployed." Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 55, August, 1971, pp. Greenleigh Associates, Inc. 287-95. A Study: Those Not Working In a Tight Labor Market, Milwaukee,Wisconsin. New York, Greenleigh Associates. Frost, Olivia Pleasants 1967. 1.01 p. A Study of the Effect of Training upon the Level of Occupational Aspirations and upon Attitudes toward Work Gunn, Gerald fora Group of Young Negro Men from Low income "Factors relatedtosuccess. social and background families. Ph.D. dissertation. New Yurk University, 1972. 235 s.haraderistics,- and "Factors related to success. attitudes pages. and motivations." InInner-City Negro Youth in a Job 21 A. 2. Work Onportunities/ 13

Training Project. A Study of Factors Related to1ttrition Kaplan, 11. Roy, and i'ausky, Curt and Job Success. Ann Arbor. Mich., Survey Research Center, "1Vork and the welfare Cadillac. the function of and Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, commitment to work among the hard-core unemployed." 1968. pp. 74 -131. Social Problems, Vol. 19, No. 4, Spring, 1972, pp. 469-83. Hall, John Ants Katzell, Raymond A.; Ewen, RobertB.; and Korman, The Influence of School Desegregation on the Work Abraham K. Values and Occupational Aspiratiun Levels of Twelfth-Grade The Jub Attitudes of Workers frum Different Ethnic Negro Males in Texas Pub lie High Schools. Ph.D. dissertation. Backgrounds. New York, New Y.rk University, June, 1970. East Texas State University. 1971. 106 pages. U.S.Dept.ofLabor,ResearchReport Contract No. 41-8-006-34. 108 p. Tables, questionnaires. I lall, Oliver Milton The researchers found a lot of difficulty in locating Attitudes -and Unempluy ntent. A Comparison of the companies with a sizeable portion of black white-collar Opinions and Attitude, of Employed and Unemployed Men. workers, and ultimately only five companies provided usable Ph.D. dissertation. Columbia University, 1934. 65 pages. questionnaires for pilot study, and only seven companies for Bibliography, diagrams. the main study. As a result of the study, the following conclusion was drawn: "The tenf':...cy for black workers to "Ilardcure unemployed prof-lents and attitudes.- have somewhat more favorabie job attitudes than whites, . lineman VocationalJournal.Vol.43,No.8, while on the average, isni,t uniform among the different November, 1068, pp. 30-32. companies." (p. 80)

Harrison, E.C. Lawlis, Garland Frank "A Study of Occupational Attitudes." Journal of Negro Motivational Aspects of the Citron's ally Unemployed. Education, Vol. 22, 1953, pp. 471-75. Fayetteville, Ark., available from the author at the University of Arkansas, 1968.91 p. ITatcher, Richard "Howitlooks from the center of the city."In Leshner, S.S. Prejudice, U.S.A., Charles Y. Gluck and Ellen Siegelman, A Survey of Work Onentation, Work Sample Evalua- editors. New York, rredenick A. Praeger, Publishers, ,I969. tion, and Counseling Praettees in CEP and WIN Programs. pp. 184-94. Philadelphia, Pa., Jewish Employment and Vocational Serv- ice, 1972. U.S. Dept. of Labor, Contract No. 82-40-69-36. Haywood. Charles F. 70 p. "The Unemployed Poor: Labor Mobility and Poverty." In The Disadvantaged Poor. Education and Employment. Levitan, Sar A.; Rein, Martin; and Marwick, David Task Force on Economic Growth and Opportunity. Washing- Work and Welfare Go Together. Baltimore, The Johns ton, D.C., Chamber of Commerce of the United States, 1966. Hopkins Press, 1972. (Policy Studies in Employment and pp. 263-95. Welfare, No. 13). x, 143 p. Tables, diagrams, bibliographies at chapter ends. Chapter 4 is "Work and Training" (pp. 70.109), which Hecht. R.M., at al. includes a discussion of the WIN program and its inflection in "Let's stop worrying about aptitudes and look at the training setting. Chapter 5, "Options in Welfare Policy" attitudes." Pers.-wine! Journal. December, 1965, pp. 616-19. (pp. 110-38), examines the work ethic and the various forms of aid which could be installed to aid welfa reform in flenentan, Herbert G., Jr., and Dawis. Rene V. conjunction with work efforts, and tracesi the initial use of Youth Unempluy went. Frictions in the Threshold of the negative income tax principle in 1967, under the Social the Work Career an Exploratory Probe. Minneapolis, Minn., Security Act and euntinued application since then. The finalReport. IndustrialRelations Center, University of "notch" dilemma, which produces antiworkit:clingsin Minnesota. 1968. USDL Research Contract No. 81-22-01. welfare recipients, is explicated. 135 p. Liebow, Elliot I inpara to. Nicholas "Men and Jobs." In Tally's Corner. Boston, Little, A Report on the In-School Work Experience Program in Brown and Company, 1966. pp. 29-71. Greater Toledo. Toledo, 0., Economic Opportunity Planning Association of Greater Toledo, 1967. 44 p. Lyman, Elizabeth L. "Occupational differences inthe value attached to Jacobs, Paul work." American Journal of Sociology. Vol. 62, 1955-56, "A view from the other side: unemployment as part of pp. 138-44. identity." In Unemployment in a Prosperous Economy: A Report of the Princeton Manpower Symposium, May 13-14, Macarov, David 1965. Princeton, N.J.. Princeton University, 1965. pp. 45-63. "Motivationto Work." InIncentives to Work. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass, 1970. pp. 61-108. Jewish Employment and Vocational Ser 'Ace. Youth Training Project, Final Report. St. Louts, Mo., Mandell, \V., Blackman, S., and Sullivan, C.E. Office of Manpower Policy, Evaluation and Research, 1966. Disadvantaged Youth Approaching the World of Work. 89 p. A Study of NYC Enrollees in New York City, a Final Report. 14 A. kintudes ot the Poor

Staten Island, New York, Wakott Research ('enter, Novem- Petersen, Gene B.. and Sharp, Lame M. ber. 1969, U.S. Dept. of Labor. Contract No, 41-7-009-34. the Cleveland Southern In-Migrant Study, Working 117 p. Paper No. 2. -Washington, D.C.. Bureau of Social Science Research, Inc.. 1963. 37 p. Mertyn. Robert K. SochaTheory and Social Structure,New York, The Petshek, Kirk R. Free Press ot Glencoe, Inc.. 1957. Negroes in the White-Collar Labor Market. Training, Pages 131-60ontain an (nteresting summary of the Employ inent, and Attitudes. Madison, WIN.. The University work outlook of the slum inhabitant, including a diseussiun ut Wisconsin, Center tor Studies in Vocational and Teelinieal of some of the undesirable subliniational activities which the Ldueation, 1971. (Research Report). 119 leaves. slum inhabitant may take up if he is frustrated from finding Tables, questionnaires. work or a steady income. In this survey, of 250 respondents in Milwaukee, 83 wereblacks. These people had had courses under the Miller, Joe A., and Ferman, Louis A. ManpowerDevelopmentandTrainingActandwere Welfare CareersandLow Wage Employment- Washing- questioned about their work experiences after the training ton. D.C.. U,S. Dept. of, Labor. December, 1972. Contract tookplace.Sonic oftheattitudes overed concerned No, 51-24-64-O5, U.S. Dept. 4,4 Labor Manpower Administra triendships, eumpatibility with fellow workers, and euntaets Lion, 77 p. with co-workers outside of the work situation. fables. Using Detroit as home base, the person working for low Plotniek, Harold wages, who mayor may not bereceivingwelfare,is The attitudinal orientation of the worker and accuracy serutimted. This study dues not try to show the deserving ui predatinglien t behavior." Sacra!Seri tee Reiuet,Mardi. Poor in contrast to the welfare Door. 1965, pp. 23-30.

Missouri University Agricultural Experiment Station. Purcell, Theodore V., and Webster. Rosalind PerceptionotJob opportunities among low income "Window on the hard-core world," Harlan' BUJOICIS groups in Missouri. Columbia, Mo., University of Missouri Rellew.July/August, 1969, pp. 118-29. Agricultural Experiment Station, 1968. 10 p. Quinn. Robert I'.. et al. Morton. Turnover and Trainingel So ciaPsychological Study of Handbook /0,coniniunits Manpiiiver Surveys.Kalama- Disadvantaged Workers.Ann Arbor, Mich., University of zoo. Mich., The W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Michigan Survey Research Center, 1970. 299 p Research, October. 1972. (Methods for Manpower Analysis No. 5). Rosen, Ili:diner Questionnaires. On-the-Job Orientationof Unemployed Negro Skill Section III,"WorkI xperiencesandAttitudes," Centertrainees and TheirSupervisors.Detroit. Mich., especially questions 40-65 given on pages 85-92, are relevant available from the author at Wayne State University, Depart- Detailed questions, many with several parts, examine the ment of Psychology, 1968. 18 p. attitudes of workers onthe finding ot jobs. feelings about working outside the home for pay, degree ut influence of the Rosen. R.A1 individual over the surrounding work milieu, the role of luck, "I lie world ot work through the eyes of the hard-core." the sense of fate, and so forth, Personnel Administration.May/June. 1970, pp. 8-21. Moynihan.Daniel Patrick "Employment, income, and the ordeal of the Negro Rytina, Joan Huber; Form, William IL, and Pease, J01111 "Income and stratification ideology: belled% about the inThe Negro American, Taleott Parsons and tamily." .IntericanJournal of Kenneth B Clark, editors. Boston, lloughton-Mitflin, 1966. American opportunity structure." Vol. 75, No, 4, Part 2, January, 1970. pp. 703-16. pp. 134-89 Sociology, National Institutes of Mental Health, Public Information Sadot sky, Stanley Section. "Work attitudes, self-image and the social and psycho- Mental Health inppalachia. Washington, D.C, U.S. loped! background 01 work-seeking Negro young meninNew Dept.uthealth, Ldaeation. and Welfare, Public Health York City,"InA Study of the Meaning, Expenenee and Serviee, U S. Government Printing Ott lee, 1965. 17 p. 1 fleets of the Neighborhood Youth Corps on Negro-Youth Seeking Work, New York, Center IV Study of the Unem- Nett, W,S ployed. Graduate School of Social Work, New York Univer- "the meaning ()I work to the poor Rehabihrarron sity. 1968. pp. 10-16. ounteling ltrrllctun, Ealf, 1967 Sclueber, Sylvester J. Palmer. Gladys t. "Poverty and the demand for labor,"InPerspectives on 'Attitude, toward work in an industrial eouliminity." Poverty, Dennis J. Dugan and William II. Leahy, editors. New Amery an Journal of ,Sotiologe.Vul. 63, July, 1957, pp. York, Praeger Publishers. 1973. pp. 107-21. 7,-26 Bibliography, The author is making a case for the inborn inhibiting Perrella. Vera (and O'Boyle, Edward J character which the dual labor market (or tripartite labor --Work plans ot men not in the labor toree." Morithii market) imparts to the poor, and espeekilly to their desire for laborReiacie, V01. 91.No 8, August, 1968, pp. 8-14, work, A section of this chapter is "The Labor Market and the 23 A. 2. A ork Opportunities I IS

Poor,- another isThe I ripartite Labor Market.- Because The/bureau of Labor' Statistics offices en Washington est a lack ot human capital. lack of proper work attitudes, or and San Francisco worked with PACT, Inc., of San Francisco inability to enter the market, the working poor in this scctur onthe interviewing andevaluation of the work-related are excluded from the core ecsinotay.-IpI IN) attitudes and problems of black men in then.* Area. Three groups of men were scrutinized: those who got jobs and kept Schreiber. Dame! them, those who got jobs and left them, and those who did -Work experience programs.- In Protile of the Student nut want jobs. For the first two groups, a total of 186 were Dropout,, Daniel Schreiber. editor, New York, Random interviewed; for the last group, 185. House. 19(i7, pp. 240-74. Chapters:I,Introduction;II.Attitudinalitemsin relation to current participants and nonparticipants in the Seeman, Melvin labor force; IIT. Attitudinal items in relation to "stayers" and Alienation and K nowledge-seelong a note on attitude "leavers," IV. Insights into the attitudes of men who claimed and action." Soeuri Problems. Vol. 20, No. I, Spring, 1972, they had never worked, V. Interviewers background and pp. 30-31. interaction With respondents; VI. Conclusion. Although Chapters II and III-contain the most important observations Shostak, Arthur B. and tables on the people who have worked, Chapter IV, Blue e oilar Lift. Nework, Random House, 1969. 299 though brief, presents a number of direct quotations from p the mouths of those who had no interest in working. Half of hapter 4 deals with the subjective factors in the life of these men had hustled. There are a number of references of the blue-collar worker. work status, work meaning, work ,interest in the footnotes section at the end, some of which satistaction, and worker relationships. Manliness and work arc tied to the theory of the work ethic. In summary, it can are linked in this discussion. as are the effects of work un the onlybeconcludedthatthisisan important study, attitude of this type of worker. thoroughlyresearched andclearlypresented,whichis certainly a definitive work in its field. Skill Advancement, Inc. IN Low-Wage Employee in his Work Environment Stambler, lloward V. Study inDepth iPrehmuzarybinding:1.C pgradnig the "New directions in area labor force statistics." Monthly Low-Wage Worker: An Ergonomic Approach, rot .t New Labor Review, Vol. 92, No. 8, August, 19'0, pp. 3-9. York, Skill Advancement, Inc., 1967. 181 p. Stein, Robert L. Sulam Andrew K. "Work history, attitudes and income of the unem- "Ett.:ets of the earnings exemption provision on AFDC ployed." Monthly Labor Review, December, 1963, pp. recipients: an interim research report." Welfare in Bellew, 1405-13. Vol, 9, No, I, January/February, 1971, pp. 18-20. "The two major questions raised by the study are these. Stone, Robert C., and Schlamp, Fredric T. Whatisthe work response of AFDC recipients to the Welfare' and Working Fathers. Low- income Family Life exemption! and Under what conditions would the earnings Styles. Lexington, Mass., Lexington Books, D.C. Heath and exemption increase the degree of employability?" (p. 'Company, 1971. xxix, 284 p. The interviews occurred in elri.1970; about 3500 AFDC Figures, tables. women in ten cities across America and about 650 AFDC "The study which this book describes was sponsored men in Camden and Los Angeles were canvassed. Only about jointly by the California State Dept. of Social Welfare and 16 percent ot the total understood the implications of the the U.S, Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare (Welfare new system. Reasons and percentages for those not working Administration Project 207), and appeared originally under continuously in the last three years arc given. as usual. many the title, Family Life Styles below the Poverty Line (1966)." mothers did not work because of child care problems which (From the Acknowledgments). would be encountered. Attitudes of welfare recipients are This is a seminal work which draws together the work given in a short but intormative section un page 19, with the otavirtual"castof thousands" of projectdirectors, teehngs of men and thrdse of women drawn. The article ends researchers,interviewers,graduateassistants,andpro- with sonic apt descriptors regarding the personal charactei is- grammers, mostly from the Bay Area, The samplesize was tics of the interviewees. 1200 families, with 600 of them welfare and 600 of them nonwelfare, from four parts of California. Both sets of Somers, Gerald G. matched families had the same income level. "Research methodology in the evaluation of retraining programmes." Labour andlutionamotBulletinNo.1, Strumpet, Burkhard 1964. 21 p. "Economic well-beingis tied to more 'than money, recat studies suggest." Institute for Social Research News- Southern Rural Research Project, letter, Vol. I, No. 17, Winter, 1973, pp. 5-6. the lfxtmcteon of the Black Farmer in Alabama, Selma, Ala., Southern Rural Research Project, 1968. 13 p. Swanstrorn, Thomas E. "Employment of school age youth." In Special Labor Springer, Philip B. Force Report No. 55, U.S. Dept. of Labor. Washington, D.C., WorkAttitudesofDisadvantagedBlackMen A U.S. Government Printing Office, 1965. pp. 851-56, A 1-A13. Methodological Inquiry. Washington, U,S. Government Printing Office, 1972, U.S. Dept. of Labor. Bureau ot Labor Tausky, Curt, and Wilson, William J. Statistics. (Report 401L 28 p. "Work attachment among black men." Phy/on, Spring, Tables, bibliographic footnotes. 1971, pp. 23 -30, 24 16 / A. Attitudes of the Poor

Thompson, David L., and Miles, Grey H. minority worker out of three works regularly, one out of Self ;Ii.tua ledKirkBchatior amongLtI IV itiLome three is either out of work, or spuratheally working, or is too P.ople. Minneapolis, Minn., North Star Research and Devel- .disLuaraged to look for work. ALLurefing to "The Survey of opment Institute, 1971. Workii. Conditions," 37 percent of black workers tinder 20 One of the results shown by intery iews :with 6,000 have negative feelings about their work, up to age 44, blacks welfarerecipients was that 90 perLent of the working feel unhappy about their work about twice as frequently as mothers felt that their Lhildren's day care arrangements were du whites. Of blacks under 44, 22 percent discern racial aeLeptable. 06 the other hand,"40 percent of those who were diseriminai .1cm, whereas only 5 percent of the olderblack not working thought thatiftheywere working,their workers find this. Regarding blue - collar black workers, 12 Lhildfar)ould not be satisfaLturily looked after. Approxi- percentfounddiserimination,butamongwhite-Lollar mately 60 percent of the white welfare mothers and 50 workers, 29 percent Lumplained of it. LaLli chapter has its percent of the black welfare mothers ,would rather stay at own well-developed bibliography, there arc extensive notes home since they perceived their children zs wanting that. As for the chapters. for reasons for leaving the last job, over 25 percent of the white mothers and 20 percent of the black mothers said that Via, Emory F. this hinged on their children's need for supervision. "D iserinunation,integration,andjobequality." Monthly Labor Renkw, Vol. 91, No. 3, March, 1968, pp. Tiffany, Donald W.: Cowan, James R.t"and Tiffany, Phyllis 82-89. M. TheUnemployed. A SoLial-PsyLhologualPortrait. Wade, Ruth, Jordan, Garland, and Myers, George Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-liall, Inc., 1970. yin, 180 p. "The view of the paraprofessional." Atti,..ro.mi Journal Part Twu ineludes "SoLial Attitudes and the \futons ,f Orthopsycluatry, Vol. 39, Nu. 4, July, 1969, pp. 677-83. Unemployment Cycle," pages 23-37; and "Working Women: Females, Feminists, or Humm Beings:" pages 38-51. Part -WIlither, Rik Three includes "Self-DireLtion versus Powerlessness," pages The Measurementof Work Relevant Attitudes. A T.Z.-87, and "Social and PsyLhulugii.al ilandtLaps tu Employ- Report un the Development of a Measuring Instrument. Final ment." pages 88-99, Copious bibliugraphii noteslullow cad' Report. Washington, D.C., George Washington University, chapter. Manpower Research Projects, October, I970.,U.S. Dept. of Labor, Contract No. 41-7-004-09. 110 p. Touraine, A., et al. It'orkers' Attitudes to Tcchnical Change. Paris, Organi- Washington State Dept. of Public. Instruction. zation for ELunomii. Cu-Operation and Development, New Preliminarylistofresourcematerials un minority York. McGraw-liill Book Company, 1965. 177 p. groups. Olympia, Wash., Washington State Dept. of Public. Instruction, 1968. Triandis, 11.C.; Feldman, J.; and Harvey, W.M. Job Perceptions among Black and White Adolescents Wicker, Tom and theHard-Core Unemployed.Illinois Studies of the "The pour and the work ethic.." The New York Times, Culturally Disadvantaged. Urbana, University ofIllinois, Friday, July 13, 1973, p. C-35, col. I. Dept. of PsyLhology, February, 1971. TeLimiLal Report No. Wicker reports un a new study of Detroit residents who 7. U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Research were either earning very little ur were reLening welfare. This Grant No. 12-P-55175/5-02. 121 p. research was conducted by Louis A. Ferman and Joe A. Miller for the U.S. Dept. of Labor. According to Wicker, the U.S. President. research differentiates between the problems of male as Maiip.,iter Report of the Pri.sidctit, and a Report ant opposed to those of female welfare recipients. A number of Matipolt er &gammen:4, Resources, Utilization, and Tram faLtuis keep a significant group of people in poverty or near tug, by the U.S. Dept. of Labor. Transmitted to the Congress, It, whether on welfare or working, some of these are. rural April, 1967. Washington, D.C.. U.S. Government Printing baLkgruundwith inadequate eduLation, a deficiencyin Office. 1967; 285 p. training or skill development, and positional mobility, as Tables.' with migrminn to the city. Being female or a racial minority On panes 82 to 84 is a small but pertinent section group member intensifies these disadvantages. __entitled "Work Attitudes and Motivation." The sub-sections include: "Attitudes toward Low-Paul Menial jobs.," "Atti- Wickersham, Edward D. tudes toward Welfare Payments." and "Illicit Activity." Detroit's Insured Unemployed and Employable Welfare Recipients; Their Characteristics, Labor Market Experience, Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. and Attitudes.Kalamazoo, Mull., Upjohn Institutefor Work in America. Report of a Special Task Force to the Employment Research, 1963. 56 p. Secretary Ilealth, Education, and Welfare. Cambridge, Tables. Mass., The M 1. f. Press. 1973. xix, 262 p. This study, although Lunfinedtothe cattyleo0s, The. entire bookis of interest, not onlyforits demonstrates a number of Lharactenstics about employable disLussior, f the attitudes toward work by disadvantaged workers un welfare. In Detroit. in February 1960, there were peoples, but for its Lomments on blue Lollar and middle - class 4,000 employable people drawing welfare, eighty -one per- workers as well. On pages 34 and 35 i% a brief but telling Lent of whom were nonwhite. Seventy percent of the men descr iption of the Image cof the working class, the blue-Lollar and Se% enty -Light percent of the women had 'oLLii intern- workers. as they are portrayed through the medium of ,pluyed for more than two years. About 950 clients took the television. Problems of American workers are discussed in the 0"General Aptitude Test Battery, the results of those doing section "The Minority Worker" un pages 51 to 59. One well boded well for future employment training. 25 A. 2. Work Opportunities / 17

Willie, C\harles V., and Riddick, Walter E. -The employed poor: a case study." In Poverty as a Public Issue. Ben B. Seligman, editor. New York, The Free Press. 1965, pp. 138-51.

Wolf, Thiemo, Jr. . Mullah Development, Sense of Belonging, and Job- Success of Hard-Core Poverty Negro On-the-Job Trainees: ./. Implications Tor Providing Means of Upward Mobility as a Treatment for the Black-White Social Conflict. Ph.D. dissertation. New York University,'1971. 108 pages. .

)

r 26 A. Attitudes of the Poor

3. Attitudes of the Poor Toward Welfare

Ba;ueh C allege. Center for the Study of Urban Problems. There were three types of families participating. those Stud:es in Public. ljare. NewNI ark, 10 City Univer- who had had public relief and were now back in jobs, those sity of New York, Baruch College, 1969. who had not had public relief when unemployed and were This series includes. Podell, Lawrence, "Families un back at their job, those who were out of work and were Welfare in. New Yurk City,New Y.,rk, 1969. Pomeroy, receiving aid, and others who were not receiving relief d Lid Richard, "Studies in Public Welfare. Reactions of Welfare who were out of work. Many of the subjects wore in their Clients to Caseworker Contact," New Yurk, 1969. Pomeroy, middle years, but there are sizeable sections of the book Richard, -Studios in Public Welfare. Reactions of Welfare dealing with those over 60 and those under 35. Each person's Clients toSocial Service," New York,1969. Pomeroy, storyis completed not only by a full description_ of his Riehard, jnd Yahr,Harold, "Studies inPublic Welfare. life-style and opinions, but also by an employment history [fleets)1 Caseworker Turnover un Welfare Clients," New showing when and where lie was employed. York, 1969. Yahr, llaruld, and Pomeroy, Richard, "Studies Regarding the crucial problem in their lives, that of inPublic Welfare. Etreets of Eligibilityinvestigation on whether theyliked ur disliked public assistance,"their Welfare Clients," New York, 1969. opinions contain some 'of the most cogent criticisms and evaluations of public assistance and the WPA that could be Bayer, Kurt Richard found." Some interviewedthoughtthatassistance just A Social Indicator ot the Cost of Being Black. Ph.D. reduced people to being parasites. On the subject of work cas,sertation. University of Maryland, 1971. 162 pages. relief,itwas felt by some that there were those who exploited it and worked sloppily: on the other hand, others thought itwas not demeaning and that workers did not Billingsley, Andrew, and Giovannoni, Jeanne M. exploit their opportunity to "slough off." At any rate, it is Children of the Storm: Black Children and American Important to note that all of the interviewees would rather New York, Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1972. Child Welfare. have had work relief than the dole. 263.p. Illustrations., Boettcher, Richard E. AnInvestigationoftheParticipationof AFDC Bishop, Edwn, Sherwood III Recipientsin the Food Stamp Program Cast within the Ilie Self-( oneept ot the Welfare Mother. Same; Sert.io- Framework of Etzioni's Compliance Theory. Ph.D. disserta- logicalCorrelates.Ph.D.dissertationin Sociology. The tion in Sociology. University of Minnesota, 1970. 313 pages. Florida State University, 1972. 187 pages. Briar, Scott Bloodworth, Jessie A rind Greenwood, Elizabeth "Welfare from below. recipients' views of the public . The Personal Side.Washington, D.C., Works Progress welfare system."California LauReVICh, May, 1966, pp. Administration, Division of Research, 1939. Republished 370-85. 1971, by the Arno Press andThe New York Times, New York, in, 417 p. Cassidy, Susan; Lerman. Judith; and Youngbauer, Jill The authors attempt to warm up the human issues Welfare Attitude Survey. Master of Science Thesis. behindtheimpersonalstatisticsracked up during the Maillson, Wis., The University of Wisconsin, School of Social depression, roughly fifteen million people were unemployed Work, Spring, 1970. 63 leaves. and twenty-eight million were receiving public assistance at Bibliography, four appendices, including westionnanes and the peak of the 30s. The forty-five cases described here were tables. taken ;WM a field of 103 people interviewed in depth in This is a very well-done research piece, thoroughly Dubuque from December, 1937 to April, 1938. All ot documented with statistical tables un the attitudes of a group the people had to be working class rather than managerial or of AFDC people in Madison, Wisconsin, interviewed in late professional, and to have had= at the minimum an unem- 1969. "There were essentially two purposes for the study. ployed period of four consecutive months. (I) to ascertain recipients' attitudes toward the program and

18 27 A. 3. Welfare / 19 problems they had because they were AFDC recipients, and Kelly, Eugene A. t2) to determine whether they saw a need for an oritanization "Cold, hungry, and despairing." IUD Agenda, Vol. 2, todeal with these problems; andif so, what type of No. 9, September, 1966, pp. 23-27. organization it should be. "- (p. 1) "By interviewing a random sample of AFDC recipients in Madison, the authors hoped to Komisar, Lucy obtainaprofileofrecipients'attitudes about welfare, Down and Out in the U.S.A...1 History of Social organizations, change mechanisms, and welfare rights organi- Welfare. New Yurk, Ncw View points, Franklin Watts, Inc., zations." (p. 2) A few of the attitudes to which interviewees 1974. xii, 230 p. were asked to respond on the topic of the possibility of Tables, bibliography. collect Rely seeking more comprehensive welfare rights in Inavery readable, shorter-length book, the writer DaneCounty,Wisconsin, were. "Never get anything dune in covers much territory , including a history of welfare, begin- agroup," "Recipients will be punished by the department," rung at the Dark Ages. "The attitude toward public welfare and "Recipients will lose friends." has hardly changed in four centuries." (p. xii) Though there Appendix B is the Coding Book Scheme. Appendix D is ample coverage of pre-twentieth century welfare history, furnished some comments on the welfarerecipients as Ms. Komisar touches all bases, including women's rights, perceived by the interviewers. Must of the recipients saw school lunches, Medicaid, the elderly poor, and guaranteed themselvesasdeservingwelfarefunds,yetothersas income.Ms. Komisar documents the various bills and advantage- takers. In the fail of 1969, there had been a huge countering political moves impeccably, supporting her state- tight for welfare rights culminating in a "Mothers -March." ments with bibliographical documentation, the result is a Some of the comments pertain to the use the interviewees flowing developmental account. One especially strong section thought that This struggle served, and how it would affect is on contemporary issues of the late sixties and seventies and their image. on the political climate that greets welfare rights seekers. On pages 184-88 there is an excellent glossary. The bibliography Cloward, Richard A., and Piven, Frances F. is on pages 189-91. On pages 192-97 is a list of thought- "A strategy to end poverty." In Man Against Poverty. provoking books, pamphlets, artir...les, and unpublished papers World War III. Arthur I. Blaustein and Roger R. Woock, for further reading. The notes are listed chapter by chapter editors, New York, Vintage Boob; 1968. Originally in The on pages 198 -211. Nation, May 2, 1966. pp. 228-46. Marks, Leah Your Right to Welfare. New York, Citizens Committee: Duncan, Kunigunde for Children of New York, Inc., and Center on Social Welfare On Relief: A Social Symphony. Boston, Branden Press, Policy and Law, Columbia University, 1968. 147 p. 1966. 133 p. The author dramatically presents the viewpoints of May, Edgar dozens of people found in a relief center on the edge of the The Wasted Americans: Cost of our Welfare Dilemma. Dustbowl during the Great Depression. The poor and the New York, Signet Books, The New American Library, Inc., wealthy, caseworkers, clerks, and farmers are all represented. 1964. 224 p. Writtenby !aPulitzerprize-winningnewspaper Eiman, Richard M. journalist, this book.was researched in the early 1960s. Yet The Poorhouse Smut The American Way of Life on many of its disclosures are still current, especially in the area Public As'nice. New York, Pantheon Books, 1966. 305 p. of life situations common to the poor, In order to probe the "Beyond formal interviews and research, 1 spent two welfare recipients' world firsthand, the author became a years talking with people on and off public welfare." caseworker, and traveled into all the major urban areas of the (Author's note). The writer has not embroidered the stories United States. In the chapter, "A Whispered Solution," on of the social welfare administrators and the poor with whom pages 145-67, he discusses the birth control methods of they were involved. though the names were altered. Some various social classes. Other sections focus on the outlook of very graphic details of the lives of the poor on New York's migrants, the aged, unemployed youth, and AFDC mothers. Lower East Side are thus presented, as are many conversa- A number of transcribed conversations revealing the stance tions and interviews. of landlords, employers, poor people, and caseworkers, gives Friedman, Lawrence M. the book an unusuallypersonalimpact, with only a "The idea of right as a social and legal concept." minimum of statistics. Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 27, No. 2, 1971, pp. 189-98. Milwaukee County Welfare Rights Organization. Handler, Joel F., and.Hollingsworth, Ellen Jane Welfare Mothers Speak Out. We Ain't Gonna Shuffle Stigma,Privacy,andOther Attitudes o Welfare. Anymore. Thomas H. Tarantino and Rev. Dismas Becker, Recipients.Madison,Wis., The University of Wisconsin, editors. Introduction by George A. Wiley. New York, W.W. Institute for Reseach on Poverty, 1969. (Reprint 50). 19 p. Norton and Company, Inc., 1972. 190 p. Bibliographical footnotes for all chapters: pp. 185-90. still, Rueben, Stycos, J. Mayone, and Back, Kurt This book covers not only the attitudes of the Milwau- The amily and Population Control A Puerto Rican kee welfare mothers toward welfare, their prospects, how 1.xperiment in Suaal Change. ( hape111111, N.C., University of they fed toward the government and welfare administrators, North Carolina Press, 1959. but also the many inequities in the system of administering welfare programs. There are a number of direct quotations Johnson, Mrs. Charles W. from welfare mothers whose lives have been desperately The Black community looks at the welfare system." ruptured by what they perceive as an inadequate system of Journal of Housing, Vol. 25, No. 7, July, 1968, pp. 205-8. public assistance.

28 20 / A. Attitudes of the Poor

Chapter 1, "The Real Welfare Crisis," is a reveahng look Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Offiee, 19 at the many ways in which the middle and upper classes have 1974. their own "welfare system." This includes a number of types See annotation in section B-1. of shelters and subsidies which help those already having quite enough. The statistics areall easily understood by Stycos, J. Mayone, and Back, Kurt non - statisticians. Chapter 3, entitled "Poverty Pimps," talks The Family and Population Control A Ruertu Rican about all the people who are supposed to be helping the Experiment in Social Change. Reported at the International poor, and who wind up instead only fattening their own Data Library and Reference Service-Survey Research Center. hides, the "trickle -down theory." In addition, such problems Berkeley, Cal., University of California, 1954. as welfare fraud and all the false beliefs and myths about welfare recipients are firmly explored. Appendix E is "An Sullivan, Rev. Patrick J. Explanation of the Bill of Welfare Rights." As important to Perception of and Reaction to "Welfare Stigma" and the poor people whose views are graphed here as tneir the Influence of Program Participation, Life Conditions, and perceivedinalienablerightto have adequate funds for Personal Attitudes. Ph.D. dissertation. The Catholic. Univer- livelihood is the feeling they project regarding the topic of sity of America, 1971. 256 pages. welfare administration, and in particular, welfare reform. The topic of the effects of the second Family Assistance Plan is Talbot, Sylvia Evadney Ross discussed in Chapter 11, "Zap FAP II." An Inquiry into the Knowledge of Selected Aspects of Conception and Contraception of a Group of Unmarried, O'Neil, Robert M. Pregnant Negro Girls Sixteen Years of Age and Under. Ph.D. The Price of Dependency. Civil Liberties in the Welfare dissertation. Columbia University, 1969. State. New York, E.P. Dutton, 1970. 351 p. Bibliography: pp. 319-43. Tarantino, Thomas H., and Becker, Rev. Dismas, editors This book deals with the question of whether aeeepiing Welfare Mo. o.ts Speak Out. We Ain't Gonna Shuffle welfare takes away the welfare recipient's rights as a citizen. Anymore. NeW York, W.W. Norton and Co., Inc., 1972. 190 Recommendation: forale reform of abusive pra4,tices are p. [See annotation under Milwaukee County Welfare Rights also discussed. Organization.]

Phillips, Michael Haider Weymar, F. Helmut The Impact of the Declaration Procedure upon the "The poor should be paid bonuses." In Social Policies Perceptions and Attitudes of Mothers Receiving Aid to forAmerica intheSeventies, Robert Theobald, editor. Families with Dependent Children. Ph.D. dissertation. New Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday and Company,Inc.,Anchor York, Columbia University, 1972.77 pages. Books, 1969. pp. 55-72. The writer not only examines the problems of work Podell, Lawrence disincentive aspects of welfare arrangements common in the "Comparison of Negro wives and husbands on welfare." late1960s, but lie also throws light on the psychological In Studies in the Use of Health Services by Families on world of recipients. In addition, there is a negotiable plan for Welfare, Center for the Study of Urban Problems. New York, enabling people to not only have enough to live on, but also The City University of New York, 1909. pp. 1-24. have welfare benefits in such a way as to not feel a negative or disincentive regard for money earned working. Rabagliati, Mary, and Birnbaum, Ezra "Organizations of Welfare Clients." In Community Woodsworth, David E. Development inthe Mobilization for Youth Experience, The Family Man on Public Welfare. Waltham, Mass., Harold II. Weissman, editor. New York, Association Press, available from the author at the School of Social Work, 1969. pp. 102-36. Brandeis University, February, 1968. 303 p. White, Arthur Reisehauer, Robert Danton Study of the Effects of Sections 21Q and 211 of the The Impact of the Welfat'e System on Black Migration 1967 Amendments to the Economic Opportunity Act as andMarital*Stability.Ph.DIdissertation.New York, 233(c) of the Amendments: Columbia University, 1971. 167'pages. Required under Section VolumeI, Summary and Conclusions.Springfield,Va., Clearinghouse for Federal, Scientific, and Technical Informa- Schneiderman, L. tion, February, 1969. 61 p. "Valueorientationpreferencesofchronicrelief recipients." Social Work, Vol. 9, July, 1964, pp. 13-18.

Stone, Robert C., and Schlamp, Fredric T. IVelfare and Working Fathers: Low-Income Family Life Styles. Lexington, Mass., Lexington Books, D.C. Heath and Company, 1971. xxix, 284 p. Figures, tables. See annotation in section A-2.

Studies in Public Welfare Series prepared for the use of the Subcommittee on Fiscal Policy of the Joint Economic Committee of Congress. 29 A. Attitudes of the Poor

4. Attitudes of the Poor About the Future, Fate, Destiny, and Fulfillment of Potential

Adams, Paul L., M.D., and McDonald, Nancy F. tactics."Dissent,Vol. 15, No. I, January/February, 1968, "Clinicalcooling out ofpoorpeople."American pp. 65-70, Journal of Orthopsychiatry,Vol. 38, No. 3, April, 1968, pp. 457-63. Carpenter, Virginia Fay,,Lewis Motivational Components of Achievement in Culturally Antonovsky, A. Disadvantaged Negro Children. Ph.D.dissertation. Washing- "Aspirations, class,arulracial-ethnicmembership." ton University, 1967. 256 pages. Journal of Negro Education,Vol. 36, 1967, pp. 385-93. Clark, Kenneth B. Ball, Richard A. Dark Ghetto:Dilemmas of Social Power.New York, "A povertycase.the analgesic subculture of the Harper and Row, Publishers, 1965. xxix, 251 p. southern Appalachians."r1,n erlean R.Rciictt, Chapter 3, "The Sotaal Dynamics of the Ghetto," pages 33, No. 6, December, 1968, pp. 885-95. 21-62, and Chapter 4, "The Psychology of the Ghetto," pages 63-81, are two of the Most significant chapters of the Barton, Ann, and Gll,hrist, Virginia book for Illuminating the background of the poor and their "Needs and interests of young homemakers living in everydaylife struggles. Chapter 5, "The Pathulugy of the twolow-intamiehousingprujek.ts."Journal ofllonk. Ghetto," pages 81-110, illuminates the netirutiL adaptations Lonionias.Vol. 62, No. 6, June, 1970, pp. 389-92. which people make in response to various psychological convolutions which they have been forced into making. The Bell, Robert T. entire book is of interest and is extremely well-written. The "Lower Mass Nt.grouwtt«rs aspiratiuns fur that author has included just enough statistik.al data and diagram- children.Social Forces,Vol. 43, No. 4, May, 1965, pp. mg to make his points, but this is a tiny reaction of the 493-500 whole. The various transcriptionsof dialogue between interviewers and poor people are of special note. Bernstein, Saul Vol. 33, No. 2, "Alienated youth."Federal Probation, Coles, Robert June, 1969. pp. 3-10. "LifeinAppalachia-thecase of High McCaslin." TransAction,June, 1968, pp. 23-33. Boone, Richard W. "Reflections on citizen participation and the economic opportunity act." PublicAdministration Review,Vol. 32, Coles, Robert Special hsue, September, 1972, pp. 444-56. "Like it is in the alley."Daedalus,Vol. 97, No. 4, Fall, 1968, pp. 1315-30. Bradford, David Lee TheFormationof Aehiev6ment Attitudes Among Coles, Robert Lower-Class Negro Youth. Ph.D. dissertation. The University "The poor don't want to be rmddle-Mass." The Nest of Michigan, 1966. 100 pages. York Times Magazine,December 19, 1965, 1+ p.

A4 Social Prospects Cooper, William II. "Economics and noneconornics of poverty; a clinical Bryan, C. Hobson economist in rural poverty." ilmericanEconomic Review, "Socialparticipation,fatalism,andpropensityfor change among the rural impoverished inthe Mississippi Vol. 58, No. 2, May, 1968, pp. 52I-27. Delta,"InProceedings of the Southwestern Sociological Association, April 11, 1968. 13 p. Crane, Donald Paul Qualifying the Negro for Professional Employment. Bullock, raw Ph.D.dissertation. Georgia StateUniversity,1970.143 "On organizing the poor: problems of morality and pages.

30 21 22'..thuudes of 11w Pour

Davis, Angela. et al. Foley, Eugene P. IjThc) Conte in du Morning. routs of Rcsistancv.. nu AI Inc 'mg Ghetto.Washington, D.C.. The National New York, The Third Press. Joseph Okpaku Publishing Co..Press Inc., 1968. 156 p. Inc., 1971. 256 p. Form, William IL, and Rytina, Joan Dizard, Jan F. "Ideological beliefs on the distribution of power in the "Black identity. social dabs, and Black power."Ps)- United States." American Sociological Rtiuii, k ol. 34, No. chiatry,Vol. 33, No. 2. May, 1970. pp. 195-207. I, March, 1969, pp. 19-30.

De Bord, Larry William Freedman, Alex S., editor Tht. Achievement Sy ndrome Among Negro and White "Symposium. views on American poverty.".loint.al of Culturally Disadvantaged Boys. Ph.D. dissertation. Nashville, Human Relations, Vot.15, No. 2, 1967, pp. 146-68. Tenn.. Vanderbilt University, 1969. Garza, Joseph M. Dowd, Donald Jerome "Race, the achievement syndrome, and perception of A Comparative Study of Attitudes, Goals, and Values opportunity." Pki/on. Vol. 30, No. 4, Winter, 1969, pp. Between Negro American, White American, and Cuban 338-54. Refugee Groups in a Large Southern City. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. The University of Florida, 1966. 120 pages. Gottlieb, David, and Campbell, Jay, Jr. "Winners and losers in the race for the good life- a Dunbar, Leslie W. comparison of Blacks and whites."Social Science Quarterly, "The annealing of the South."The Virginia Quarto-Iv Vol. 49, No. 3, December, 1968, pp. 593.602. Reiew,Vol. 37, No. 4, Autumn, 1961, 10 p. GreenberJ.W., et al. Duncan. Otis Dudley, I catherman. David L.. and Duncan. "Atti ides of children from a deprived environment Beverly toward achievement related concepts."Journal of Educa- SocioeconomicBackground and Achievement.New tional Research,Vol. 59, 1965, pp. 57 -62. York, Seminar Press. 1972. 296 p. Greenberg. Selig Durkin, R,,derick "The penalties of poverty."The Progressive.October, Breaking the Poverty Cycle: A Strategy and Its Ev-dua- 1964. pp. 39-41. tion. privately mimeographed, 1967. 54 p. The author is a professor at Harvard University. Greenleigh. A. Elder, Gil. "The effect of poverty on personal achievement." "Intergroup attitudes and social ascent among Negro American Journal of Orthopsycluatry,Vol. 34. No. 2, March, boy' "American Journal of Sociology,Vol. 76, January. 1964, pp. 203.4. 1071. )p. 637-97. Greenleigh Associates, Inc. Epps,Itigar G. AStud): Those Not Working in a Tight Labor Market, "Correlates of academic achievement among northern Milwaukee,Wisconsin.New York, Greenleigh As.sociates, and southern urban Negro students."Journal of Social January, 1967. 101 p. Issues.Vol. 25, No. 3, Summer, 19'69, pp. 55-70. Two groups, women with children and older people, tendnottobe employed. Two othergroups,those sporadically working and those who do not compete success- Escoffery, Aubrey Spencer fully for jobs due to recent immigration or poor skills, are of Personality and Behavior Correlates of Negro American interest in this report. 11 was discerned that the blacks in Belief in "Fate-Control." Ph.D. dissertation. The University these groups believed that employers' attitudes would have of Conntrcticut, 1967. 137 pages. to change to a more favorable disposition before they would attempt to work again. Desire for less than full time work Farrell. Gregory was also seen as a block to employability. "Theviewfronithecity:community actionin Trenton."InOn Fighting Poverty: Perspectives from Ex- Grosser, Charles F. perience, James L. Sundquist, editor. New York. Basic "Middle-class professionals and lower-class clients: views Books, Inc., 1969. pp. 127-57. of slum life." in Community Action Against Poverty, George A. Brager and Francis P. Purcell, editors. New haven, College Fitzgerald, Doris B. and University Press, 1967. pp. 64-71. Occupational Motivation of the Academically Disad- vantaged High School Student. Ph.D. dissertation. New York Grubbs, Donald II. University, 1971. 126 pages. CryFrom Cotton' The Southern Tenant Farmers' Union and the New Deal.Chapel Hill, N.C., University of North Fleming, Harold C. Carolina Press, 1971. 192 p. "Social Strategy and Grban Growth." In The New City, Although told with an admitted bias. valuable work Donald Canty, editor. Ncw urk, f rcderit.k A. Praeger, successfully encompasses the history of the sharcaupper and Publishers. 1969. pp. 41-47. the problems of unionjzing. 31 A. 4. future23

!lead, Wilson tations of Negro boys." Rural Sociology, Vol. 33, No. 2, Urban Need in Canada, I9GS: A Case Report on the June, 1968, pp. 141-52. Problems of Families in Four Canadian Cities, Section IV, Toronto.Ottawa,Ontario, CanadianWelfareCouncil, Kuvlesky, William P., and Upham, W.K. November 15, 1965, 89 p. Social Ambitions of Teen-Age Boys...ln an Economi- callyDepressed Area of the South: Racial Comparison. Reiss, Jerold, and Owens, Susan College Station, Tc,sas, A & M University, 1967. 301 p. "Self-evaluations ofblacks andwhites." American Appendices. Journal of Sociology, September, 1972, pp. 360-70. Lefton, Mark Henderson, Mark D. "Race, expectations, and anornia." Social Forces, Vol. A Study of the Effects of Family Structure and Poverty 46, No. 3, 1968, pp. 347-52. on Negro Adolescents from the Ghetto. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Pittsburgh, 1967. 218 pages. Leggett, John C., and Street, David "Economic Crisis and Expectations of Violence: A ilughes, Graham Study of Unemployed Negroes." hi Blue-Collar World: "Reparations fur Blacks?" Nov fork Chii.crsity Lan. Studies of the American Worker, Arthur B. Shostak and Rciieiv, Vol. 43, Nu. 6, December, 1968, pp. 1063-74. William Gomberg, editors. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice- Hall, Inc., 1964. pp. 506-12. Irelan, Lola M. "Health Practices of the Poor." In Low-Income Life Levine, Robert A. Styles, U.S. Dept. of Ilcalth, Education, and Welfare, Welfare Black Power, White Style. Washington, D.C., Office of Administration Publication No. 14. Washington, D.C., U.S. Research,Plans,Programs,andEvaluation,Officeof Government Printing Office, 1966. pp. 51-65. Economic Opportunity, June, 1968. 28 p.

!,elan, Lola M., and Besner, Arthur Lipsky, Michael "Low-income outlook on life." IiLow-Income Life "Rent strikes, poor man's weapon." Trans-Action, Vol. Styles, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Welfare 6, No. 4, February, 1969, pp. 10-b. Administration Publication No. 14. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966. pp. 1-12. (Also in Welfare' Lopate, Carol, et al. in Review, Vol. 3, September, 1965, pp. 12-19.) "Some effects of parent and community participation on public education," ERIC-IRCD Urban Disadvantaged Irelan, Lola M., et al. Series, No. 3. New York ERIC Information Retrieval Center "Ethnicity, poverty and selected attitudes. a test of the on the Disadvantaged, Teachers College, Columbia Univer- culture of poverty hypothesis." Social Forces, Vol. 47, June, sity, February, 1969. 37+ p. 1969, pp. 405-13. Lorenz, Gerda Kandell, Alice Susan "Aspirations of low-income black.i and whites: a case of Harlem Children's Stories. A Study of Expectations of iefereace group processes." American Journal of Sociology, Negro and Puerto Rican Boys in Two Reading-level Groups. September, 1972, pp. 371-98. Ph.D. dissertation. flarvard University, 1967. 184 rages. Lyons, S.R. Kenyon, S.J. "The political socialization of ghetto children: efficacy The Development of Political Cynicism Among Negro and cynicism." .hgnal of Politics,Vol. 32, 1)70, pp. and White Adolescents. Paper presentedatthe Annual 288-304. Meeting of the American Political Science Association, New York, September, 1969. Marshall, Douglas G., Nakamura, Anne; and Reinhardt, Hazel Family Adjustment in Selected Low Income Areas of Knight, James Henry Northern Visconsiii. Preliminary Report No. 2: Agency and The Interpersonal Values and AspirationLevels of Institutional Attitudes. Madison, Wis., University of Wiscon- Negro Seniors in Totally Integrated and Segregated Southern sin, Dept. of Rural Sociology, May, 1968. 13 leaves. High Schools. Ph.D: dissertation. Chapel Hill, University of Tables. North Carolina, 1970. 76 pages. The authors canvassed residents of Burnett and Forest counties in northern Wisconsin, rating the accessibility and Kohn, Melvin L. deliveryoffacilities and services. "Amajority of the Class and Conformityflomewood, Ill,. The Dorsey respondents in both counties had a positive attitude toward the role of the County Overall Economic Development Plan, Press, 1969. 316 p. although they notedthat much of what had been ac- complished occurred before the Plan was developed." (p. 6). Kohrs, "The disadvantaged and lower class adolescent." In Marshall, Douglas G., Reniliardt, flarel, Keyes, Joan, and Understanding Adolescence, James F. Adams. editor. Boston, Marshall, Terry Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1968. pp. 287-317. Family Adjustment in Selected Low-Income Areas of Northern Wisconsin. Madison, Wis., The University of Wis- Kuvlesky, William P. consin, 1968. 61 leaves. "Rural-urban comparison of occupational status orien- Tables. 24 / A Attitudes ol the Pl Illr

Mayerson, Charlotte Leon, editor O'Reilly, Charles T. Two Bloc As Apart. Avon, Camelot Paperback, 1967. Locked in Poverty. The Rural Poor Family in Dime 126 p. County. Madison, 'Wis., School of Social Work, The Univer- sity of Wisconsin, 1968. 58 p. Meier, August, and Rudwick, Elliott M. From Plantation to Ghetto. New York, Hill and Wang, Orwell, George 1966. 280 p. Down 'and Out in Paris and London. London, Seeker and Warburg, 1960. First published in 1933. 213 p. This book 'brings to life the problems of the poor in Milio, Nancy London and Paris during the early 1930s. The author lived 9226 Kercheral: The Storefront That Did Not Burn. the life of a tramp;'he found that people's reactions to him Ann Arbor, Mich., The University of Michigan Press, 1970. were determined, not by his obviously educated accent but 209 p. rather by his rurislown clothes. Orwell draws a frightening InDetroit's lower southeastside slum area isthe picture of the life of the hobo in London, reproducing much storefront which contains the Mom and Tots Neighborhood of the subculture slang and going into sometimes almost Center. The author, a registered nurse, was central to its nauseating work pictures of the everyday aspects of the formation and growth and witnessedits strange survival demimonde lifestyle. during the great riot in Detoit in 1967. The attitudes toward a wide variety of topics of the people of this community are Parker, Seymour, and 'Kleiner, Robert J. strongly registered, sometimes in their own words. "Characteristics of Negro mothers insingle-headed households." Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 28, Martial, Ephraim Harold No. 4, November, 1966, pp. 507-13. "Aspiration and poverty: a neglected aspect of Merton's anomie." The Sociological Quarterly, Vol. 8, No. 4, Autumn, Pelham, John T. 1967, pp. 439-46. An Analysis of Status Consistency of the Projected Frames of Reference: A Racial Comparison of Males in McNiekle, D'A rcy Selected Low-Income Areas of the Rural South. College "The Indian tests the mainstream." The Nation, Vol. Station, Texas, Dep'artment of Agricultural Economics and 203, No. 9, September 26, 1966, pp. 275-79. Sociology, Texas A84 M University, January, 1968. 136 p. Pettigrew, ThomastF. Nagasawa, Richard I !nosh, "kace and equal educational opportunity." Harvard The Success Process. A Study of Aspiration, Oppor- Educational Review, Vol. 38, No. I, Winter, 1968, pp. 66-76. tunity, and Success. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Wash- ington, 1968. 155 pages. Rainwater, Lee "Neighborhood action and lower-class life-style," In National Advisoryummittee un Rural Poverty. Neighborhood Organization for Community AL.tion, John B. Rural Poverty, Hearings betorc the National Advisory Turner, editor. New York, National Assui..lation of SoL.Ial Commit/tee on Rural Poverty, fvfemphis, Tenn., Federal Workers, 1968. pp. 25-39. Building and Courthouse, "Feb. 2 and 3, 1967. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1967. 290 p. Reissman, Leonard In 1966, President Johnson instigated a thorough study "Readinesstosucceed:mobilityaspirationsand of the conditions of rural poverty; in 1967, this book was modernism among the poor." Urban Ajjairs Quarterly, Vol. issuedto summarize the committee's work. Two later 4, March, 1969, pp. 379-95. volumes cover proceedings in Tuscon, Ariz., and in Washing- ton, D.C. In the hearings, a huge cast of witnesses tell their own, detailed stories; the variety of witnesses includes TVA Richmond, David Mil personnel and VISI A workers, housewives, farmers, co-op Educational Horizons Among Lower Class Negro High organizers. welfare recipients, and heads of large families. School Students. University of Pittsburgh, 1968. The book contains a number of references to the rural poor's difficult access to services, the best of these references is the Rose, Arnold M. statement of A.J. McKnight un pages 135-43, which includes "Perspectives on therural aged." In Older Rural discuss inson the ..ulture of poverty, the endless of Americans, E. Grant Youmans, editor. Lexington, University despair, the necessity of training, and the need to brelik out of Kentucky Press, 1967. pp. 6-21. of the cycle. Roskolenko, !fury North, George E., and Buchanan, 0. Lee The Time That Was Then, The Lower East Side, "Maternal attitudes in d poverty area.- The Journal oj 1914, An Intimate Chronicle. New York, Dial Press, Negro Education, Vol. 37, No. 4, Fall, 1968, pp. 4 18-25. 1971. 218 p. Map, plates, portraits. Olsen, Henry Duval The Effectof Compensatory Education upon the Rushing, William A. Self-Cork.ept-ot-A,aderni, Ability of Bladc and White Pre 'Objective and subje...tive aspects of deprivation in rural College Students. Ph.D. dissertation. Last Lansing, Mich., poverty class." Rural Sucnalogy, Vol. 33, No. 3, September, Michigan State University, 1971. 135 pages. 1968, pp. 269-84. 33 A. 4. future I 2S

Shwarzweller, Harry Brow n, LS.. and Mangalam. and Hard-Core Unemployed. Urbana,Ill.,Universityof Mountain FamiliesinTransition .-1 CaseStud.,of Illinois, Dept. of Psychology, February, 1971. Research grant Appalachian Migration.UniversityPark,Pa., The Penn- furthe U.S. Dept.of Ilealth,Education, and Welfare. sylvania University Press, 1971. xx, 300 p. (Illinois Studies of the Culturally Disadvantaged. Technical In "Attitudes towards welfare" on page 64. the authors Report No. 6). first-hand view of the prospects of lifein Appalachia is interestingly and deeply treated, shown against a background Valentine, Charles A. of unusual vit.issitude and primitive life ort.unistarn.es. The Culture and Poicro,.Critiqui and Counter Proposals. naive belief in primitive religion is an important aspect of the Chit.ago. The University of Chicago Press, 1968. mil, 216 p. life-style which colors the people's attitudes. This book includes much good supporting bibliography in the foot- Bibliography: pp. 197-208. notes. Chapter 2: "The self-perpetuating lower class: a cultural image and its national policy reflections." Discussions of the Shea, John R., et al. War on Poverty and streetcorner men: "Second thoughts on YearsforDecision. A Longitudinal Stw.1)of the the primitive and the violent," pp. 87-94, "Life of the poor Educational and Labor Market Experience of Young Women. as seen from a street corner," pp. 94-97. Columbus, Ohio, Ohio State University, Center for Human Resource Research, 1971. 245 p. Vanlandingham, Calvin Lewis Relationships of Occupational Aspirations of Youth to Simon, Rita (James), editor Selected Social Variables in Two Mississippi Counties. Ph.D. As Ive Sam the Thirties. Essap on Social and Political dissertation. Mississippi State University. 1969. 116 pages. Movements of a Decade, by Max Shactman et al. Urbana, III., University of Illinois Press, 1967. 253 p. Von Eckhardt, Wolf "Building crisis." The Washington Post, October 27- Slocum, W.L. November 4, 1968.16 p. Aspirations and expectations of the rural poor- a guide to research. Washington, D.C., U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Weller, jack E. Dauber, 1967. Agricultural Lonomit.s Report Nu. 122. "Human attitudes in Appalachia." It'e,st Lax Review, Vol. 70, No. 3-4, April/June, 1968, pp. 287-300. Sneden, Lawrence E. An Analysis of Factors Involved in Social Mobility from Weiner, Max, and Murray, Walter the Culture of Poverty. Ph.D. dissertation abstract. California "Another look at the culturally deprived and their levels State College at San Banadinu, 1968. 6 pages. of aspiration." In Readings in EdiKat'ing the Disadvantaged, Joe A. Apple, editor. New York, Selected Academic Read- Spradley, James P. ings, Inc., College Division. 1963. "The moral career of a bum." Trans-Action, Vol. 7, No. 7, May. 1970. pp. 16-29. Also in Spradley, James P., You West. Gciald Ivan Owe Yourself a Drunk. An Lthn,,logy of Urban Nomads, An Analysis of Change in Negro Students' Ot.t.upatiorial New York, Little, Brown, and Co., 1970. PerceptionsasaResult of Multiple Treatments. Ph.D. Thisis a depressing but informative essay on what dissertation. Purdue University, 1967. 176 pages. makes theultimateloser,therecurring socialoutcast, function day by day. These wanderers of the cities drift in Who took the weight." Poems, pia) and short storks kt men and out of jails and ...ourts at an alarming rate. "...mpg he at the Massachusetts Correctional Institution, Norfolk. has been learning the attitudes, values, and skills which are Boston, Little, Brown and Company. 1972. xv, 265 p. required for survival in this new culture." (p. 29) 265 p.

Terkel, Louis (a.k.a. Studs Terkel) Wilkinson, Kenneth P. Hard Tutus An Oral llistor of the Great thpression. Selected Attitudes Assouated With -.t.unomit. Develop- New York, Pantheon Books, 1970. xn, 462 p. ment. Master's thesis. State College, Miss., Mississippi State University, Dept. of Sociology and Rural Life, January, Thorpe, Claiburne Burnice 1962. Status, Race, and Aspiration: A Study of the Desire of High School Students to Enter a Professional or a Technical Young, Margaret B. 00.upation. Ph.D. dissertation. New York, New St.houl fur "The Negro girl and poverty... The American Child, Social Research, 1968. 108 pages. Vol. 47, No. 3, May, 1965, pp. 11-13.

Triandis, Person Perception. A Review of the Literature and Implications. Illinois Studies of the Economically Disad- vantaged. Technical Report No. 3. Urbana, III., University of Illinois. Dept. of Psychology, May, 1970. U.S. Dept. of Health,Education,andWelfare,ResearchGrantNo. RD-284I-G. Ina ndis, Harry C., and Feldman, J. Role Perceptions Among Black and White Adolescents 34

,, 4111.11111 A. Attitudes of the Poor

5. Attitudes of Minority Group Members a. Blacks Aiken, Michael; Ferman, Louis A.; and Sheppard, I larold L. Brieland, Donald "Rate and unemployment." InEconomic Failure, "Black identity and the helping person." Children, Vol. Alienation, and Extremism. Ann Arbor. Mich., The Uni- 16, No. 5. September/October, 1969, pp. 170-76. versity of Michigan Press, 1968. pp. 130-51. Brink. William, and Ilarris, Louis Alexander, Ilerbert Clarke Black and White: A Study of U.S. Racial Attitudes An AnalysisofSelectedAttitudes of Seniorsin Today. New York, Simon and Schuster, 1967. 285 p. Predominantly Negro Colleges and Universities. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. The University of Texas. 1969. 153 Brink, William J., and Ilarris, Louis pages. The Negro Revolution in America: What Negroes Wants Why and flow They Are Fighting, Whom They Support, Barbaro, Fred What Whites Think of Them and Their Demands. New York, "Ethnic resentment." Society, March/April, 1974, pp. Simon and Schuster, 1964. 249 p. 67-75. The author, after tracing sacral major civil rights events Campbell, Leonard, Jr. of the1960s, points out that blacks are encountering a The Attitudes of Black Teachers Toward Black Teachers certain amount of backlash from other minority groups and White Teachers, and the Converse. Racial Prejudice or because the blacks alone have benefited from recent civil General Belief? Ph.D. dissertate r. The Florida State Uni- rights victories. Jewish-black and Mexican American-black versity, 1971. 115 pages. feelings in recent years are also described. Christmas, JUne Jackson Battle, Mark, a!'d Barnett, Jeanne "Self-concept and attitudes." In Comparative Studies of "The Negro Matriarch}." The American Child.'ol. :7, Blacks and Whites in the United States, Kent S. Miller and No. 3, May, 1965, pp. 8-10. Ralph Mason Dreger, editors. Ncw York, Seminar Press, 1973. pp. 249-72. Bibliographic references, pp. 269-72. Bell, Robert R. "Lower class Negromothers' aspirations for their Clark, Kenneth B. children." Social fortes, Vol. 43, Ma}, 1965, pp. 493-500. The Present Dilemma of the Negro. Presented before the Annual Meeting of the Southern Regional Council, Berman, Barry Howard November 2, 1967. 18 p. Perceptions of Black Iligh School Students toward their InterpersonalRelationships withtheir Black and White Coles, Robert Teachers. Ph.D. dissertation. The University of Michigan, "Rural upheaval. confrontation and aceomOtodation." 1972. 108 pages. In On Fighting Poverty: Perspectives from Experience, James L. Sundquist. editor, New York, Basic Books, Inc., 1969. pp, Bernstein, Victor 11. 103-26. "Why Negroes are still angry." Redbook, July, 1966. Crain, Robert L., and Weisman, Carol Sachs BoeL. E. Wilbur Discrimination, Personality and Achievement: A Survey "Farmer's daughter effect the case 'of the Negro female of NorthernBlacks. New York, SeminarPress,1972. professionals," Pint Ion, Spring, 1969. pp. 17-26 Quantitative Studies in Social Relations Series. 240 p.

Boggs, James ,Daniel, Johnnie "A black view of the white worker." In The White Social Class Identification among Blacks and Whites. Majority. Louise Kapp llowe, editor. New York, Random Ph.D. dissertation. Ann Arbor, The University of Michigan. House, 1970. pp, 102-10. 1972. 186 pages. 35 26 A. S. a. Blacks / 27

Dillard, J.L. Gregor, A. James Black English.Its Thstor and Usage in the United "Race relations,frustration and aggression."Revue States.New York. Random House, 1972. 361 p. Internationak de Sociologie,December, 1965, pp. 90-112.

Dorsett, I lerman !Wigton Gruber, Murray Social, Economic, and Emotional Problems Anticipated "Four types of black protest. a study."Social Work, by Graduate School -Bound Negro College Students. Ph.D. January. 1973, pp. 42-51. Complete bibliographic references, dissertation in Education. Columbia University, 1969. 142 tables. pages. Two m ability ideologiesindividual and collectivearc examined against the skein of four major powerlessness Dreger, Ralph Mason. and Miller, Kent S. orientations. Integrationist, nihilist, pluralist, and separatist. Comparative psy chological studies of Negroes and According to the integiationist stance, the rights of the whitesinthe Ended States.1959-1965."Psychological individual to enjoy all the privileges of humanhood on his Builctoi(Munogiaph Supplements. Vol. 70, 1968, pp. 1-58. own merits are emphasized. Nihilist pulley dictates a kind of right by force sucli as the riots which took place in Harlem English, Walter H. from 1964 to 1968. Interpretation differs as to the role of a -Minority group attitudes of Negroes and Implications sense of powerlessness in stimulating this kind of action. fut Guidance."Journal ,kt Acgro Education,Vol. 26, 1957, Gruber believes that most rioters act out of a feeling or PP. 99-107. powerlessness and, given an overall sense of inability to change the system by social actions, riot out of a sense of Ennis, Ronald Frederick total futility. The pluralist outlook dictates a kind ofgroup- A Typology for the Development of the Achievement geist,the development of black power, though not separate SyndromeinBlack College Students. Ph.D. dissertation. from white society. The separatist position, on the other Vanderbilt University, 1971. 369 pages. hand, does wish a move together of black peoples (such as the Black Muslims), but away from whites, and distinctly Fisher. James Adolphus apart from white society. Here, the absorption with power- A History of the Political and Social Development of lessness is channeled into the act of black segregation rather the Black Commun.tyinCalifornia,1850-1950. Ph.D. than an emphasis on the development of ae.omplishments dissertation. Stony Brook, N.Y., State University of New or triumph over environment. York, 1972. 306 pages. In1968-69, Gruber obtained129 interviews from young blacks, using black interviewers. Ninety-two percent fogelson, Robert M., and Hill, Robert B. lived in ,Cleveland and were of three groups, upward bound Who Riots? A Study of Participation in the 1967 Riots. clients,"pride" members, and 0E0 compensatory and A Report to the National Advisory Commission on Civil unaffiliated street people. The methodology andinterpreta- Disorders. New York, Bureau of Applied Social Research), tion arc given in a clear text with sLeeinct statistical tables. Columbia University, July, 1968. pp. 221-43. The possibilityof link-ups between protest groups and welfare rights organizations is outlined in a final section. Fredrickson, George M. The Black Image in the White Mind: The Debate on Guillory, Ferrel Afro-Americancharacter and Destoo, 1817-1914.New "Representative Dorothy Taylor."South Today,Vol. 4. York, Harper and Row. 1971. xiii, 343 p. No. 3, November, 1972, p. 7. 11cr viewpoint is that of poor blacks on prison and other Gallup Opinion Index problem areas in New Orleans. JobSatisfactionandProductivity.Princeton,N.J., Gallup Opinion Index,April, 1973. (Special Whole Issue). Ilannerz, Ulf pp. 1-40. Soulsule:Inquiriesinto Ghetto Culture and Com- munity.New York, Columbia University Press, 1969. 236 p. Gaston, Joseph Alexander Bibliographic references, pp. 224-3 I. A ( umparison ofthePersonalityCharacteristics of Black attitudes are expressed especially well in Chapter Northern and Midwestern Urban Alru-American I reshmen, 8, "Waiting for the Burning to Begin," un pages 159-76. Southern Town and Rural Afro-American Freshmen, and, Southern Afro-American College Student Personnel Staff. Harris, Edward E. Ph.D. dissertation. Lansing, Michigan State University, 1970. Some Social Effects of Race Relations.New York. 120 pages. American Press. 1967. 126 p.

Harris, Louis Canzberg. 111 "The Black mood! more militant, more helpful, more "Strategies for self-development."InThe Education and Training of Racial Minorities. The University of Wiscon- determined."Time,April 6, 1970. pp. 28-29. sin, Center for Studies in Vocational and Technical Educa- !lams. Louis tion. Conference proceedings. May. 1967. pp. 55-61. "How black Americans rate their leaders. organizations."Ch:,:ago Tribune,Thursday, January 13, 1972, sec- Glenn. N.D., and Broom, L. tion 1, p. 16. "Negro-white differencesinreportedattitudes and Harris concluded that the old stand-bys, such as the behavior."Sociolog) and Social Research,Vol. 50, January, NAACP, SLC, Ralph Abernathy, and Charles Evers, were still 1966, pp. 187-200. the favorite images even alter some years on the list. Rep. 36 281 N. Attitude, ot the P.iiu

Shirley Chisholm and Sen. Edward Brooke have also joined Kavaraceus, William C., et al. the ranks ot admired leaders. Some of the others of the Negro Self-Concept. Implkattons Jor School and Citt- 1,023 black people polled included Roy Wilkins, Carl Stokes, zensktp. New York, McGraw-Hill. 1965. the Urban League, Thurgood Marshall, and Jesse Jackson. There were three other possible categories in which the Knight, James Ilenry people who were polledcould plate the r../' I figures or The Interpersonal Values and Aspiration Levels of institutions mentioned. admiring them 'some, but not a Negro Seniors in Totally Integrated and Segregated Southern great deal,"hardly any not sure." The final paragraph of High Schools. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Chapel Hill, the storystates Harris' belief that although street protests University of North Carolina, 1970. 205 pages. have abated somewhat, thereisstill a rage for equality demonstrable in the behavior of black people. John R. Kraft, Inc. The Attitudes of Negroes in Various Cities. In Federal Hem, Jerold, and Owens, Susan Rolein Urban Affairs:Part 6 of Hearings before the "Solt- evaluations otblacks and whites." Amerman Subcommittee on Executive Reorganization of the Com- Journal of Soctolov, September, 1972, pp. 360-70. mittee on Government Operations, in the U.S. Senate, 89th Congress, 2d Session, September I, 1966. Washington, D.C., Hopkins, Thomas J. If S. Government Printing Office, 1966. pp. 1387-88. "The role of community agencies as viewed by black lathers." American Journal of Orthopsychtatrj, Vol. 42, No. Kuvlesky, William P., and Lever, Michael 3, April, 1972, pp 508-16. Occupational Goals, Expectations, and Anticipatory Goal Deflection Experienced by Negro Girls Residing in !toms, James William Low-Income Rural and Urban Places.Presented' atthe Demand Intensity and Croup Identification. A Study of Southwestern Sociological Society Meetings. Dallas, March, the Attitudinal and Behavioral Effects of Membership in a 1967. 17 p. PotentialInterestGroup Organized Around Race. Ph.D. dissertation.Buffalo, State University of New Yorkat Lachman, Sheldon L., and Singer, Benjamin D. Buffalo, 1971. 306 pages. The Detroit Riot of July 1967. A report prepared for the Manpower Administration. Detroit, Mich., U.S. Dept. of !toward, David II. Labor, Behavior Research Institute, 1968. 72 p. "An exploratory study of attitudes of Negro professionals toward competition with whites." Social Forces, Vol. Lemberg Center for the Study of Violence. Six-City StudyA Survey of Racial Attitudes in Six 45, September, 1966, pp. 20-26. Northern Cities:PreliminaryFindings. Waltham, Mass., University, Lemberg Center forthe Study of Jackson, John Samuel Ill Brandeis The Political Behavior, Attitudes, and Socialization of Violence, June, 1967. 22 p. Selected Groups of Black Youths. Ph.D. dissertation. Vander- Tables. The Lemberg Center and the Roper Research Associates bilt University. 1971. 406 pages. were granted Ford Foundation money to study attitudes of Jacobson, Julius blacks and whites in Cleveland and Pittsburgh. Dayton and -Union conservatism. a barrier to racial equality." In Akron, and San Francisco and Boston. the first of each pair I he Negro and the American Labor Movement. Julius had had riots in the summer of 1966. the second of each pair Jacobson.editor.Carden( it>, Doubleday and had not. The results presented are only preliminary. Five Company. Inc., 1968. pp. 1-26. hundred blacks and 500 whites, all18 and over, were questioned in each city between October, 1966 and April, Johnson. Helen P.W. 1967. Blacks were interviewed by blacks, and whites by The Relationship of the Self- Concepts of Negro and whites. There were 90 questions. Interviewers selected a White ( ()liege Freshmen to the Nature of their Written Work. proportionate number using the factors of age, sex, and Ph.D. dissertationin Lducation. North Texas State Uni- employment. Census tracts were also used to ensure a fair versity. 1970. 128 pages. distribution in the sample. The areas covered were: riot potential,levelof blackdissatisfaction,levelof white Johnson, Jet talyn llarnette resistancetochange, the disparity in attitudes between Experience, and Attitudes of Black and White Com- whites and blacks, black and white attitudes toward riots, munity College Students toward Selected Public Institutions. summary and conclusion. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Southern California, 1972. Regarding riot prevention measures, it was felt that the 168 pages great black-white gap in attitudes comes partly from a basic lack of information on the part of whites: whites do not Johnson. Jesse J. "Attitudes ot Blacks Working in the Business Environ- know the interior black identity well enough to want to at "Black Executive" change circumstances. Most whites wanted an end to ment." Prom apaper presented discrimination in employment, but much fewer were willing conference sponsored by Cornell University. June 4, 1969. to endorse jobtraining programs and other means of I 1 p. maintaining guaranteed wages. Whites were much more Kaplan, John sluggish than blacks on open housing, yet both races felt that Equal justice in an unequal world. equality for the city administrators should know about black neighborhoods Negro the problem utspecial treatment," ,ViArthivc..ittrii and black outlooks on life. On riots, 55 percent of the blacks Litzzversto, Laic Res-tetv, Vol. 61, No. 3, July/August, 1966, in all six cities believed that if there had not beenriots, pp. 363-410, Congress would never have passed the Civil Rights laws. '37 A. S. a. Blacks / 29

Lewis, Charles Edward Neumann, Thomas L. Some Correlates of A numia among Rural Negroes PoIlLeIsolation and Community Needs. Milwaukee, Raleigh, North Carolina State University, Department of WisLonsin State Committee of the U.S. Commission on Rural Sociology. 1966. Civil Rights, December, 1972. (A Report of the Wisconsin Mimeographed. State Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights). .Littig, Lawrence W. This informative report not only makes reference to "Negro personalitycorrelates of aspiration to tradi- some other pertinent -studies about Milwaukee inhabitants' tionally open and dosed o,,upatiuns." The Journal of .Nigro perceptions, but also illuminates, viatables and textin Education, Vol. 47, No. 1, Winter, 1968, pp. 31-36. sealon IV, the problem of minorities and the police. There was anoticeabledifferenceinstanceforwhites and Marx, Gary Trade WV ;IlieS. Prniest and Prejudice: A Study of Belief in the Black Community. New York, Harper and Row, 1967. 228 p. Nolen, CAL; ode The Negro's Image in the South. Lexington, Ky.,The Marx, Gary Trade University of Kentucky Press, 1967. 232 p. Protest and Prejudice: The Climate of Opinion in the Negro American Community. Ph.D. dissertation. Berkeley, O'Brien, John, editor University of California, 1966. 406 pages. Interviews with BlackWriters. New York, Liveright, 1973. xiii, 274 p. Bibliography: pp. 271-74. Mathis, Arthur Lee Featuring(alphabetically): Arm Bontemps, Cyrus Social and Psys.hologi,,a1 Charaaeristi,s of Blads Colter, William Demby, Own Dodson, Ralph Ellison, Ernest Liberation Movement. A Colonial Analogy. Ph.D. disserta- J. Gaines, Michael Harper, Robert Hayden, Clarence Major, tion. Ann Arbor, The University of Niishigan, 1971. 157 Julian May f Petry, Ishmael Reed, Alice Walker, pages. John Wideman, John Wil is, Charles Wright, Al Young.

Matthews, Donald R., and Prothro, James W. Paige, Jeffrey M. Negroes and the New Southern trohtics. Nework, "Changingpattern:,of anti-whiteattitudes among Harcourt, Brace and World, 1966, xvi, 551 p. Illustrations. blacks." Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 26, Autumn, 1970, pp. 69-86. McCord, W., and Howard, J. Parker, Seymour, and Klciner, Robert J. riotcities."American "Negroopinionsinthree "Social and psychological dimensions of the family role Behavioral Scientist, Vol. I 1, No. 4, March/April, 1968, pp. performance of the Negro Male." Journal of Marriage and the 24 -27. Family, Vol. 31, No. 3, August, 1969, pp. 500.6. McDaniel, P.A., and Babchuk, N. Pctshek, Kirk R. "Negro conceptions of white people in a northeastern "Barriers to employability of Negroes in white-collar city." Phy/on. Spring, 1960, pp. 7-19. jobs." In The Development and Use of Manpower, Proceed- Middleton, John Thomas ings of the Twentieth Annual Winter Meeting, Industrial Attitudes Regarding Marriage Vows and Marital Con- Relations Research Association, Washinecr., D.C., December servatism among Negro and White Students. Ph.D. disserta- 28-29,1961, Geiald G. Somers, editor. Madison, Wis., tion. The Florida State University, 1968. 164 pages. IndustrialRelations Research Association, Social Science Building, University of Wisconsin. pp. 105-11. Miller, Kent S., and Dreger, Ralph Mason, editors Comparative Studies of Blacks and Whites m the United Phillips, George Oliver States. New York, Seminar Press, 1973.xiu,572 p. The Relative Effectiveness of Three Instructional Ap- proaches upon the Reading, Study Ilabits and Attitudes, and Tables. . This is one of the largest and most important recent Academic Performanceof DisadvantagedBlack College collections of studies dealing with relationships and attitudes Freshmen. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. University of between the black and white races in the United States. Each Pennsylvania, 1969. 181 pages. chapter recapitulates important studies and concludes with a reference section, usually listing several dozen bibliographical Pitts, Griff D. leads for further investigation. There are seventeen chapters, Values, Attitudes, Opinions, and Concerns of Subcul- many byprofessors atsouthern universities; the topics tures of Concerned Students in an Urban Commuter College. Include genetics, language, interviewing, cognitive learning, Ph.D.dissertation.Northwestern Unqrsity,1970. 230 the arrangement of the family, compensatory education, the pages. effect of race on political activities, employment-related Poussaint, Alvin F. Influences, intervention schemes, and temperament. The "Black alienation and black consciousness." In Aliena- author index alone covers pages 543-64, and the subject tion: Concept, Term, and Meanings, Frank Johnson, e'lltor. Index pages 565-72. New York. Seminar Press. 1973. pp. 359-68. Nass, Martin Barry Political Protest and Political Conformity: A Study of Powell, Blanche Ruth Attitudes and Behavior of Bla.ks and %lutes in America. Attitudes of Middle-Class Negroes toward Separatism in Ph.D.dissertation. Sy rause,N.Y., Sy raLuseUniversity Negro-White Relations. Ph.D. dissertation. New York, St. 1972i 202 pages. John's University, 1971. 152 pages. 38 30 / A, Atntudes or die Poor

Radcliffe. Aubrey R.E. Burdick, Inc., Publishers, 1973. 203 p. A Guttman Facet Analysis of the Racial Attitudes of Bibliography: pp. 195-203, tables. Black and White Adults Toward the Opposite Race. Ph.D. dissertationinAdministrationandHigherLink Aton. Schuman, I loward. and I latliet t , Shirley Lansing. Mich.. Michigan State University. 1972. x. 129 Black Racial Attitudes. Trends and Complexities. Ann leaves. various pagings. Arbor, Mich., The University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, 1974. Rankin, Richard (*lenient Attitudinal Perceptions of Black Students and White Sears, David 0. Students .14 Influencedh'a..Instrumented Laboratory "Political attitudes of Los Angeles Negroes." In The Los Experien,e. Ph.D. diasertation in Lduc.ation. Arizona State Angeles Riots. A Soita P.,,chological Study, Nathan Cohen, University. 1971. 117 pages. editor, NeW Yolk, naeger Publishers, 1970. pp. 676-725.

Ransford. Harry Edward Sigler, Phil Samuel NegroParticipationinCivilRightsActivityand The Attitudes of Free gla,ks towards Emigration to Violence. Ph.D. dissertation.L44, Angeles, University of Liberia.Ph.D.aissertation.Boston University Graduate California, 1966. 277 pages, School, 1969. 122 pages.

Ranstord. Harry Edward Stuart, Reginald powerlessness, and violence. .1study of "Survey of southern rournalutl.." Stwh 1 odaj , Vol. 2, attitudes and participation in the Watts riot."American No. 11, July/August;1972. pp. 1, 5-6. Journal of Sociology, Vol.73, No.S,March. 1965, pp. '381-91. Symonds, J.D. Cultuyal Differences and Social Class in the Negro Reid, Inez Smith Community. Illinois Studies of the Economically Disad- "Together." Black Winne,' Mack It'orrienSpeakOut. vantaged.Urbana, 111.. UniversityofIllinois,Dept. of New York, The Third Press, Joseph Okpaku ublisiong Cu.. P...,..huiugy, November, 1969, Technical Report No. 1, Dept. Inc.. Forthcoming in 1974. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Research Grant We). RD-2841-G. Richards, Steven A., and Jaffee. Cabot L. "Blacks supervising :;hates, a study of interracial dif- Szalay. Luland B. anti Bryson, Jean A. ficulties in working together in 4 simulated organization.** "Measurement of psyloculturaldistam.e. a comparison Journal of Applied Psycholog) ,June, 1972, pp. 234-40, of Ameruan Blacks and whites." Journalof Personality and Social Psychology,Vol. 26, No. 2, May. 1973, pp. 166-77. Roemer. Derek AdolescentPeer Group FormationIn Two Negro Taylor. Ralph Lee !Neighborhoods. Ph.D. dissertation. I farvard University, 1968. A Comparison of the Self-CorKept of Negro Students at the University of Alabama and Negro Students at Stillman Rowland. Richard Henry College. Ph.D. dissertation. University ut Alabama, 1970. Social Contact Between Blacks and Whites and its 101 pages. Relationshipto Attitudes in Six Northern Cities. Ph.D. dissertation. Brandeis University. The Florerke lieller Grad- U,S. Dept. of Labor. Manpower Administration. uate S,..houl for Advanced Studies in F,00al Welfare. 1970. Do. Detroit Riot. A Profile of 500. Prisoners. Washing- 137 pages. ton. D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office. Match. 1968. 2R p. Russell. R.D. "Black perceptionsofguidance."Personnel and U.S. Dept. of Labor. Manpower Administration. Cuulance Journal, Vol. 4S, 1970,pp. 721-28. A Study of Black Male ProfessionalsinIndustry. Washhigton, D.C., U.S. Government Pr' g Office, 1973. Rustin, Bayard (Manpower Research Monograph No. 26). 22 p. "From protest to, politics: the future of the civil rights In1971,Recruiting Management Consultants, Inc., movement." Cm:mortar, Vol. 39, No. 2,February,1965 polled 500 black men who were college graduates working in industry. Among other things, their-income, their feelings Rutledge. Aaron L. and Gass, Gertrude Zeman about working with whites, and their perceived feelings ,VmetenNegro Men.San Francisco, Jossey-Bass, Inc.. about the white people who managed them, were assessed. Publishers, 1967, 109 p. Urban America. Inc., and the Urban Coalition. J Brayboy. Thomas L. and .11axenberg. Sager, Clittord . One Year Later.New York, Frederick A. Praeger, Barbara R. "Black patient -white therapist."American Journal of Publishers, 1969. 122 p. orthop$vandirt,Vol. 42. No, 3. April, 1972. pp. 415-23. Reterences. Waltman. Bill Wayne An Examination of the Attitudes of Negro High School Sanders. Charles L Seniors in Segregated and Desegregated Schools in a Metro- "Black Profes.sitnials PerceptionsofInstitution. A y,olitan Community. Ph.D. dissertation in Education, The Racism." in Health and Welfare Organizations. lair Lawn, University Of Oklahoma, 1969. 118 pages. 39 A. 5. b. Puerto Ramis / 31

Ward, Susan !lams, and 13 atin, John b. Puerto Ricans "Self-esteem and racial preference in black children." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry,Vol. 42, No. 4, July, Bearle, Beatrice Bishop ikt e.:, pp. 644-47. SoPuerto Rican Fgovtie( in New York City: Health and Disease Studied in Context.New York, Columbia University Wells, Carolyn Dixon Press, 1958. 331 p. Dimensionality . )4 Determinants of Social Attitudes Illustrations. and Values among Black College Students. Ph.D. disserrat ion. Austin. The University of Texas, 1971. 84 -pages. Kandell, Alice Susan Harlem Children's Stories: A Study of Expectations of West:v., Frank R., ar.2 Howard, David H. Negro and Puerto Rican Boys in Two Reading-Level Groups. 'Sooal status differentials and the ra,.e attitudes of Ph.D. dissertation. Harvard University, 1967. Ann Arbor, Negroes."American Sociologic\al Review,Vol. 59, No. 5, Mich., University Microfilms. 184 pages. October. 1954, pp. 584-9 Kline, Lawrence Y. 'Willie, Charles V. "Some factors in the psychiatric treatment of Spanish - "Deprivation and alienation. a ,.ompounued situation." Americans."American Avenel of Ps) ciliary,Vol. 125, No. InProfile of the School Dropout, Daniel Schreiber, editor. 12, June, 1969, pp..1674-8 L New Y.Lnk, Random House, 1967. pp. 17:3.-84. Lewis, Oscar Works, Ernest A Study of Slum Culture: Backgrounds for La Vida. "Types of racial discrimination?"Phylon,Vol. 30, No. New York, Random House, 1968. 240 p. 3, Fall, 1969. pp. 223-.53. MaldonadoDenis, Manuel , Yette, Samuel F. The Puerto.Ricans:protestor submission"The I TheOunce, The Issue Black Suri.u.al az America. Annals of the American Academy of ?olitical and Social NewYork, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1971. 318 p. Science,Vol. 382, March, 1969, pp. 26-31. Decidedly expanded by astute excerpts from many sources, such as journals, Congressional hearings, and news Mayerson, Charlotte Leon, editor releases, this book is a poignant and aphrodiLtiL outcry Two Blocks Apart.New York, Holt, Rinehart, and against the obliteration ut a p,:ople's chances. By giving the Winston, 1965. (Alto, York, Avon Publishing Camelot present-day historical background, the author describes the Paperbacks, 1967). 126 p. dismal situation of the Luntempurary black in a mainly The author contrasts thelife-styles of two urban white-unented Luiture. He describes nut only thu outlooks of adolescent buys, one what, middle class, and the other blacks, but asso the actions (and thus the views) of the white Puerto Rican. society surrounding them, commanding and structuring their lives. Frequent bibliographical footnotes and comprehensive McCauley, Margaret A. index are included. A Study of Social Class and Assimilation in Relation to Puerto Rican Family Patterns. Ph.D. dissertation. Fordham Young. P.:chard A. University, 1972. 554 pages. Recntiting and Hiring Minority Employees.New York, N.Y., American Management Asso-iation, Inc., 1969. 134 p. Mills, C. Wright, Goldsen, Rose K., and Senior, Clarence The PuertoRicanJourney: NewYork's Newest Migrant.New York, Ilarper and Row, 1950. 238 p.

Mingitme, Ann Dissinger "Need for ach:.- ment in Negro, White, and Puerto Rican children."Journal of Consulting and 'Clinical Psy- chology,Vol 32, No. 1, 1968, pp. 94-95.

Rogler. Lloyd Migrant in ...e Ci:y: the Life of a Puerto Rfcan Action Group. New York, Basic Books, 1972. xiii, 251 p.

40 32 / A. Attitudes of the Poor c. Indians Harkins, Arthur M., and Woods, Richard G. Attitudes and Characteristics of Selected Wisconsin Bass, Willard P., and Burger, Henry G. Indians. Minneapolis, Minn., Training Center for Community AmericanIndiansand EducationalLaboratories. Programs, University of Minnesota, July, 1969. 49+ p. Albuquerque. N.M., Southwestern Cooperative Educational Laboratory, inc., October,1967. 37 p. Harkins, Arthur M., and Woods, Richard G. Indian Americans inSt.Paul: An Interim Report. Beuf, Ann Hill Minneapolis, Minn., Training Center for Community Pro- The Inner Alcatraz. A Study of Ra.ial Attitudes in grams, University of Minnesota, February, 1970. 29+ p. American Indian Pre-School Children. Ph.D. dissertation. Bryn Mawr College, 1972. 366 pages. Harkins, Arthur M., Sherarts, I. Karon, and Woods, Richard G. Bozof, Richard P. PublicEducationof the PrairieIslandSioux: An -Some NAvahu attitudes tuward' avaliable medical care." InterimReport. Minneapolis, Mum., Training Ceirter for American, Journal of PublicHealth,Vol. 62, No.12, Community Programs, University of Minnesota, December, December, 1972, pp. 1620-24. 1969. 72+ p.

Coalition of American Indian Citizens. Hauck, William Charles . Guts and Tripe, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1969. Sari Diego, Cal., A Study of American Indiar Graduates of Black Hills Ccmmuity Opportunity Programs in Education. 20 p. State College. Ph.D. dissertation iii Education. University of South Dakota, 1971. 143 pages.. Corrigan, Ffantis Vincent A Comparison of Self Concepts of American Indian Meyer, Claude Herbert Students from Public or Federal School Backgrounds. Ph.D. American Indian Self Suffit.aent..y. A Study in Human dissertation. The George WashingtOn University, 1970. 187 and Natural Resource Development Policy. Ph.D. tImerta- pages. tion. University of Oklahoma, 1966. 775 pages. Denman, Clayton Charlton Hodge, William H. The rule of cultural patterns in manpower develop- The Albuquerque Navajos. Anthropological Papers of ment." Li Tne Schaal S.iences and Manpower Research. the University of Arizona, No. 11. Tucson, The University of Ames, Ia., Industrial Relations Center, Iowa State University. Arizona Press, 1969.76 p. pp. 95-131. Johnson, Bill Leslie Domencich, Loretta An Investigation of Occupational Values Held by a "The welfare system is an Indian-giver." In Welfare Group of 'Rural Northern New Mexico Senior High School Mothers Speak Out, by the Milwaukee County Welfare Students. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. The University of Rights Organization. New York, W.W. Norton and Company, New Mexico, 1970. 207 pages. Inc., 1972. pp. 58-65. Joseph, Young Dowling, John H. "An Indian's view of Indian affairs." North American "A brutal', Indian community in an urban setting." Review, Vol. 6, Spring, 1969, pp. 56-64. Human Organization, Vol. 27, No. 3, Fall, 1968, pp. 236-40. This was first written in April, 1879, the author was a Nez Perce Indian chief. The history of the tribe from about Downing, Lewis Jackson 1850 to 1879 is traced, especially as it was affected by the The Comparison- Reference Process asit_Relates to coming of the white man. Treaties, General Howard, General Ninth Grade Indian and Non-Indian Boyi-oi Low Socio- Miles, and exciting wars in the 1870s, are the substance of Economic Status. P_Ii_D-di sse-F-.6ii;n in Education. University this pie.x. of Oklahoma, 1965. Lammers, Donald Milton Feagin, Joe R., and Anderson, Randall (- Self Concepts of American Indian Adolescents Having Intertriball, attitudes among native American youth. Segregated and Desegregated Elementary Backgrounds. Ph.D. Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 54, No. I, June, 1973. pp. dissertation in Education. Syracuse University, 1969. 142 117-31. pages.

Fisher, A.D. Langley, Elizabeth G. "WhiteritesversusIndianrights."Trans-Act.on, The Development of a Literacy Program among the November, 1969, rp. 29-33. Navaho Indians. The Influence of Culture in Beginning to Set Up a Literacy Program. A Proposal for Developing an English George,

Graves, Theodore D., and Van Arsdale, Minor Matthies, Bernard Dean Per,eived Opportunities, Expectations, and the Deci- Independence Training, Hostility, and Values is Corre- sion to Remain tin Relocation. The Case of the Navajo Indian lates of the Achievement of White and Indian Students, Migrant to Denver, Colorado." In Navajo Urban ,Relocation Ph.D. dissertationin Education. University of Nebraska, Research, Research Report No. 5, June, 1965. 30 p. 1965. 41 A.5. d. Mexican-Americans 133

Moore, John Leslie Post-High School Vocational Students at Haskell Indian A Studs of Incentives and Attitudes in the Motivation Institute, Lawrence, Kansas. Ph.D. dissertation. University of of Navajo Indian Children inBureau of Indian Affairs Kansas, 1965. Elementary Schools for the Development of Hypothetical Motivational Techniques. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Westermeyer, Joseph J. George Peabody College for Teachers, 1971. 173 pages. "Indian powerlessness in Minnesota." Suczety, Vol. I, No. 3, March/April, 1973, pp. 45-47. 50-52. Nixon, Bert Wootton. Tables. Navajo Parental Attitudes and the Effect of Bilingual Education on Student Self-Concept in San Juan School White, Lynn Carlton District, 1969-70. Ph.D. dissertation .a Education. Brigham Assimilation of the Spokane Indians. On Reservation Young University, 1971. 186 pages. Versus Off Reservation Reside ce. Ph.D. dissertation. Wash- ington State University, 1968. 177 pages. Reno, Thomas Richard A Study of the Knowledges and Attitudes of Navajo Wright, Rolland Harry Indians in Two Communities toward Navajo Reservation The American Indian Col ege Student. A Study in Schools. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Michigan State Marginality. Ph.D. dissertation. Brandeis University, 1972. University, 1971. 107 pages. 239 pages.

Reul, Myrtle R. "Deprivation amid abundance: implication for social work practice." In Changing Services for Changing Clients. New York, Columbia University Press, 1969. pp. 55-83. d. Mexican-Americans Saslow, Harry L., and Harrover, May J. "ResearchonpsychosocialadjustmentofIndian Brown, Robert L. youth." American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 125, No. 2, "Social distance perception as a fun: ..._.. of Mexican- August, 1968, pp. 120-27. American and other ethnic identity. Sociology and Social Reset -h, Vol. 57, No 3, April, 19',3, pp. 273-87. Simons, Suzanne L. Tabl %, bibliographic footnotes. "The cultural and social survival of a Pueblo Indian community." In Minorities and Politics, Henry J. Tobias and Burruel, Jose Maria Charles E. Woodhouse, editors. Albuquerque, University of A Study of Mexican-American Tenth-Grade Students New Mexico Press, 1969. pp. 85-112. Showing the Relationship Between Parental Attitudes and Socio-Economic Level. Ph.D. dissertation.Arizona State Smith, David Lavon University, 1970. 171 pages. A Study of the Relatioiiship Between Parental Attitudes I) of Nez Perce Indiana and the Achievements of their Children. Castro, Clementina Ph.D. dissertation in Education. University of Idaho, 1970. "Spanish-speaking people and the welfare system." In 104 pages. Welfare Mothers Speak Out, by the Milwaukee County Welfare Rights Organization. New York, W.W. Norton and "Some Indian tribes talk at having Job Corps training centers Company, Inc., 1972. pp. 66-71. on their reservations; fear antipoverty push will persuade more young braves to leave." Chandler, Charles Ray Wall Street Journal, April 5, 1965, p. I, column 5. The Mexican-American Protest Movement in Texas. Available from the author at Tulane University, Department Spindler, George D. of Sociology, New Orleans, La., April, 1968. 282+ p. Socio- cultural and Psychological Processes in Menomini Acculturation. Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of Corna, Bert California Press, 1955. viii, 271 p. "The Chicano people: an oppressed national minority." Tables, graphs, illustratipns. Next Generation, Vol. 53, No. 4, Fall, 1971. pp. 1-6. Steiner, Stan DeMos, George D. The New Indians. New York, Harper and Row, Pub- "Attitudes of Mexican-Americans and Anglo groups lishers, 1968. 348 p. toward education." Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 57, August, 1962, pp. 249-56. Taylor, Floyd L. An Investigation 'of Environmental Conditions which Dworkin, Anthony G. Characterize Indians in the Oklahoma City oc,hool District "Stereotypes and self-images held by native-born and andaBackgroundforAttitudes and Behaviors. Ph.D. foreign-born Mexican Ameiicans. Sociology and Social Re dissertationin Education. The University of Oklahoma, search, January, 1965, pp. 214-24. 1968. 122 pies. f. Edgerton, R.B., and Karno, M. Timmons, Barbara Joan Zellhoefer "Mexican-American bilingualism and the perception of An ExploratoryInvestigationofAttitudes toward mental illness." Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol. 24, Certain Speech Communication Variables Found among Male March, 1971, pp. 286-90. 42 341A. Altitudes of the Poor

Fallows, Marjorie Marshall, F. Ray "The Me x 1...a n-A m e r 'tan laborers. a different Prospectus of the Mexican- American Study Project. Los drummer?" Massachusetts Relict, Vol. 8, Winter, 1967, pp. Angeles, University of California, January 27, 1964. 166-76. Munoz, Leo Fait's, Hector, Jr. Attributed Meanings of Selected Cultural Concepts by 'Mexican - American values and attitude., toward eduLa Mexican -American and Anglo-American Setundary School tion." Phi Delta Kappan, Vol. 52, No. 10, Line, 1971, pp. Male Students. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. The Uni- 602-4., versity of Arizona, 1972. 128 pages.

Flores, Juan Modesto Paredes, Americo A Study of Mexican American Cultural Characteristics "Texas' third man. the 'Texas-American." Race, Vol. 4, as Perceived by Members of 100 Impoverished Mexican May, 1963, pp; 49-58. American Families and its Educational Implications. Ph.D. dbsertution in Education. University of Houston, 1972. 202 Penalosa, Fernando, and MLDonagh. Edward C. pages. "Education, economic status, and social-class awareness of Mexican-Americans." Phylon, Vol. 29, Summer, 1968, pp. Gonzalez, Nande 119-26. The Spanish Americans of New Mexico: A Distinctive Heritage. Advance Report No. 9, Mexican-American Study Renas, Warner Allen Prujed. Los Angeles, Division of Research, Graduate Sthuul The Mexican- American Image as Perceived by Selected of Business Administration, University of California, Septem Anglu-American and Mexican - American Students. Ph.D. dis- ber, 1967. 149 p. sertation. United States International University, 1972.

Gracia, George J., compiler Rodriguez, Valerio Sierra Selected Reading Mattr:qls on the .11t.titan and Spanish Mexican - AmericanPupils' Self- Concept inPublic, Ameritan.Denver, C.olu.,Denver Commission un Cum- Elementary Schools. Ph.D. dissertation. United States Inter- munity Relations, December, 1969. 100 p. national University, 1972.91 pages.

Grebler, Leo Rudolph, James Edward "Thenaturalizationof Mexican immigrants inthe Self-Perceived and Astribed Characteristics of Mexitan- United States." International Migration Rtiieit, Vol. I, ran, Ameritan, Anglo, and Bicultural College Students. Ph.D. 1966, pp. 17-32. dissertation. St. John's University, 1972. 178 pages.

Hale, James Michael Rushing, William A. Effects of Image - Enhancement Indoctrination on the "Class,vulture, and 'sodal structure and anomie ." Selt-Concept, Occupational Aspiration Level, and Scholastic American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 76, Nu. 5, Mardi, 1971, Achievement of Mexican-American Model Neighborhood pp. 857-72. Area Students. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. East Texas Bibliographic references. pp. 870-72, tables. State University, 1972.97 pages. This is a sophisticated article with a good review of the literature that uses Merton's 1937 classic Social Structure Healey, Gary William and Anomie, as a springboard. The opportunity structure of Salt Contept, A Comparison titNegro-, Anglo-, and the lower class is the field examined, with 539 Anglos and Spanish-Anientan Students Atruss Lthni,, Sex, and Sudo- 488Mexican- Americansprovidingdatafurstudiesof economic Variables. Ph.D. dissertation. New Mexico State normlessness and anomie. University, 1969. Simmons, Ozzie G. "La Causa Chitana, Una Familia Unicla." "Mutual images and expectations of Anglo-Americans Special issue of Social Casework, Vol. 52, May, 1971. and Mexican-Americans." Daedalus, Vol. 90, Spring, 1961, pp. 286-99. Leonard, Olen E. "The older rural Spanish-speaking people of the South- Stokes, Vernon Dee west. In Older Rural Americans, L. Grant Youmans, editor. Selected Value Concepts of Seventh-Grade Mexican - Lexington, Ks., University of Kentucky Press, 1967. pp. American Studtnts. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Texas 239-61 Tech University, 1970. 159 pages.

Maldonado, Bonnie Buckley Tir Jo, Michael David 1 he Impact ut Skin Color By Sex un the Self Concept TheMexican-AmericanMinority'sParticipationin ut Low Sto.'ioetonumit Level Mexican - American High Sthuol Voluntary Political Associations. Ph.D. dissertation. Clare- Students. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. New Mexico State mont Graduate School and University Center,1970. 24 University, 1972. 135 pages. pages.

Mansfield, Carl Clinton Black, Mexican-American, and Anglo Graduates' Percep- U.S. Commission on Civil Rights tions of their Secondary School Counselors. Ph.D. disserta- The Mexican American. Washington, D.C., U.S. Govern- tion. The University of Arizona, 1972. 116 pages. ment Printing Office, 1968. 69 p.

43 A. 5.e.Eskimos I 35

Wasserman, Susan Arnesty Expressed Humanitarian and Success Values of Four- Year-Old Mexican-American, Negro, and Anglo Blue-Collar and White-Collar Children. Ph.D. dissertation. Los Angeles, University of California, 1969.

Welch, S.; Corner, J.; and Steinman, M. "Some social and attitudinal correlates of health care among Mexican Americans." Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 14, September, 1973, pp. 205-13.

, e. Eskimos I/ Barnett, Don C. , "Attitudesof Eskimo school children." Integrated Education; -Vol.1.1, No.I, January /February, 1973, pp. 52-57. i Ryan, Thomas J. / Poverty and the Child: A Canadia" n Study. Toronto, McGraw-Hill, Ryerson, Ltd., 1972. 254(p. Attitudes of Eskimo and Canadian Indian children, especially toward the learning of English, are examined on pages 52 and 53. There is a great, troubling double-edged feclingthe desire to learn coupled with the fear of betraying their original, native culturegoiiig on inside these children as they try to master a second language.

44 A. Attitudes of the Poor

6. Attitudes of Blue-Collar and of Disadvantaged Wosrkers

Aiken, Michael, and Ferman, Louis A. Greeley, Andrew M. "The social and political reactions of older Negroes to "Pullth.al attitudes among American white ethnics." unemployment." Phylon, Vol. 27, No. 4, 1966, pp. 333-46. Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 36, No. 2, Summer, 1972, pp. 213-20. Bureau of Social Research. Follow-Up Study of Graduates of Experimental and Hamilton, Richard F. DemonstrationProjectsintheWashington,D.C. Area, Class and Politics in the United States. New York, John 1966-1967. Washington, D.C., Catholic University, March, Wiley and Sons, 1972. xiv, 589 p. 1967. 176 p.

Champagne, J.E., and King, D.C. Howe, Irving, editor "Job satisfaction among underprivileged workers." Per- The World Of the Blue-Collar Worker. New York, sonnel and Guidance Journal, Vol. 45, 1967, p429-34. Quadrangle Books, Inc., 1972. 316 p.

Chaparro, Luis Fernando Howe, Louise Kapp, editor Industnal Workers and Labor Unions m Colombia. A The White Majunty. Between Puvcrty and Affluence. Study of Political Attitudes. Ph.D. dissertatiOn. l'nnceton New York, Random House, r970. xii, 303 p. University, 1972. 467 pages. An especially interesting section is "The Revolt of the White Lower-Middle Class," by Pete Hamill, on pages 10-22. Cummings, Laurie D. -- This gives flesh and bones to aclass of people largely "The .iupluyed pour. their characteristics and oi.upa- neglected, as Hamill points out, by novelists. Part 2, entitled lions." 31,,lithtiLabor Review, Vol. 88, July, 1965, pp. "A Day in the Life," on pages 25-99, is a breezily-written, 828-84. informally informative section which explains the life-style of the working class as told in six parts by journalists. The Elinson, Howard Stephen fears,frustrations, and defense mechanisms of everyday FolkPolitics.ThePuliti,a1Mentalityof White blue collar lifeare concretely and unhesitatingly graphed .,Working -Class Voters. Ph.D. dissertation. Los Angeles, Um- without the utilization of statistics. versity of California, 1967. 301 pages. Johnson, Haynes, and Kotz, Nick Fried, Marc The Unions. New York, Pocket Books, 1972. 208 p. The World of the Urban Working Class. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1973. Kidder, David E., and Kidder, Alice E. Glenn, Norval, and Alston, Jon P. "Negro and white perception of company employment "Cultural distances among occupational categories." policy in the South." Springfield, Va., Atlanta University, American Sociological Review, Vol. 33, No. 3, June, 1968, School of Business Administration. National Technical Infor- pp. 365-82. mation Service. 99 p.

Goldthorpe, John H. Lane, Robert E. Attitudes and Behavior of Car Assembly Workers. A "The fear of Lequality ." In The White Majority, Louise DeviantCaseandaTheoreticalCritique.Cambridge, Kapp Ilovve, editor. New York, Random House, 1970. pp. England,UniversityofCambridge,Dept.of Applied 119-47. aonomu.s, 1966. (Reprinted from The British Journal of Quotations from a multitude of working-dabs people Sociology, Vol. 17, No. 3, September, 1966, pp. 227-44.) are used and wr;.ly synthesized via textual comment by Bibliographic references. Lane, a political science professor at Yale.

36 45 A. 6.131tie-Collar Workers / 37

Lasso n, Kenneth Sennett, Richard, and Cobb, Jonathan The Workers. Portraits of Nine American Jobholders. The Hidden IN:irks of Class. New York, Alfred A. New York, Grossman Publishers, 1971. 269 p. Knopf, 1972. 276 p. The authors present the interpersonal and interclass attitudes and weltenschauung of the blue-collar working -class Leggett, John C. man, using insightful quotes such as the opinions of plumbers Class, Race, and Labor. New York, Oxford University interviewed about those who are "paidlo think." Immigrant Press, 1968. 208 p. and foreign workers are also considered, especially in view of their search forintergenerationalhomeostasis.Many Levitan, Sar A. verbatim interview segments complete this offbeat, arresting Blue-Collar Workers: A Symposium on Middle America, study. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1971. 393 p. "Again, white laborers' racial attitudes are subject to many of the same complex pressures that affluent professionals and businessmen are moved by: distance from black Lipsitz, L. settlements, work with blacks on the job, and so on, being "Workingclassauthoritarianism: a re-evaluation." more important in forming tolerant behavior than simple American Sociological Review, Vol. 30, February, 1965, mi. measures of job position or even education, under some 103-9. circumstances." (footnote, p. 69).

Lyman, Elizabeth L. Sheak, Robert Joseph, Jr. "Occupational ditferenesinthevalue attached to Social Honor and Racial Attitudes in the Working Class. work." American Journal of Sociology, Vol.()I, No. 2, A Neu -Marxist View. Ph.D. dissertation. Washington Uni- September, 1955, pp. 138-45. versity, 1970. 335 pages.

Marlette, Jay Shostak, Arthur B. "Some notes on the American working class." Reuel," Blue-Collar Life. New York, Random House, It. 69.299 p. of Radical Political Economics, Vol. 2, No. I, Spring, 1970, pp. 48-68. Simon, William; Gagnon, John H.; and Cams, Donald "Working-class youth: alienation without an image." Miller, Robert W., and Zeller, Frederick A. New Generation, Vol. 51, No. 2, Spring. 1969, pp. 15-21. Social Psychological Factors Associated with Responses to Retraining. Morgantown, W. Va., West Virginia University, Spinelli, Louis Appalachian Center, September, 1967. 58 p. Alienation and Identity: A Comparative Analysis of Blue-Collar and Counter-Culture Values. Ph.D. dissertation. Tables. The Ohio State University, 1971. 137 pages.

Miller, S.M. Swados, Harvey The Outlook of Working-Class Youth. Paper presented On the Line. Seminar on Manpower Policy and Pro- atthi.. Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Associa- gram, March, 1966. Washington, D.C., U.S. Dept. of Labor, tion, Washington, D.C., August, 1962. 17 p. Manpower Administration, U.S. Government Printing Office. Mimeographed. 36 p. O'Ka ne, James Michael Swerdloff, Peter M. Upward Mob. ityPotential.Political Attitudes, and "A report from Akron. hopes and fears of blue-collar Catholic Working-Claz,Adolescents. Ph.D. dissertation. New youth." Fortune, Vol. 74, No. I, January, 1969, 49+ p. York University, 1968, 164 pages. Tausky, Curt Padfield, Harland, and Williams, Ruy "Meanings of work among blue-collar men." Pacific Stay Where You, Were. A Study of L'nemployablcs in Sociological Review, Vol. 12, No. I, Spring, 1969, pp. 49-55. Industry. Philadelphia, Pa., J.B. 1 ippincott Company, 1973. xviii, 282 p. Touraine, A., et al. Workers' Attitudes to Technical change. Organization ()win, Robert P., Fine, B.C and Levitin, Teresa for ELonomic Co-Operation and Development, Paris, 1965. Turnover and Training. A Social - Psychological Study of New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company. 137 p. Disadvantaged Workers. Ann Arbor, Mich., The University of Michigan, Survey Research Center, September, 1970. 161+ p. Walters, J. Leo "Redirectionof company resources." In Technical Ransford, Edward Training for the Disadvantaged, Proceedings of Oak Ridge `Blue - collaranger.reactions to studentandblack Conference on Technical Training for the Disadvantaged, protest." American Sociological Reviett, June, 1972, Vol. August,1969. Washington,D.C.,U.S.Dept. of Labor, 37, No. 3, pp. 333-46. Manpower Administration. pp. 12-18,

Roman, Melvin, and Jacobson. Sally Williams, Allan Silvio Progress Report. Training of Mental Health Aides. Personal and Social Attitudes and Values of High Linuln Hospital Modal Ikalth Services, Albert Linsti..in School Students and their Relationships to Levels of Edua College of ,Medicine, December, 1965. 21 p. tional Aspirations. Ph,D. dissertation in Cdu,ation. George Mimeographed. Peabody College for Teachers, 1969. 135 pages.- 46 A. Attitudes of the Poor

7. Attitudes of Disadvantaged Students a. Primary and Secondary

American Friends Service Committee. Buck, Mildred Leona Rogers A Report tothePresident. AFSC Experience and The Culturally Disadvantaged Child and Level of School Recommendations Re Executive Order 11063 on Equal Achievement as Related tothe Internal Versus External Opportunity in Housing. Philadelphia, Pa., American Friends Control of Reinforcement Personality Construct, Deviant Service Committee, May, 1967. 72 p. Classroom Behavior, and Parental Attitudes. Ph.D. dissertation. St. Louis University, 1969. 164 pages. Anderson, James G., and Johnson, William H. SocioculturalDeterminants of Achievements among Caliguri, Joseph P., Levine, Daniel U., and Tangeman, Ahden Mexican-American Students. Las Cruces, N.M., ERIC Clear- "Black power attitudes among students in a black junior inghouse on Rural Education and Small Schools, New high school." Kansas City, Center for the Study of Metro- Mexico State University, March, 1968. 29-p. politan Problems in Education, 1979. Mimeographed. Ayers, William "Discussion: the children's community." Harvard Edu- Carwise, Joseph Louis cational Review, Vol. 38, No. 1, W inter, 1968, pp. 142-48. Aspirations and Attitudes Toward Education of Over- and Under-Achieving Negro Junior High School Students. Baker, Herbert Laskey Ph.D. dissertation. Bloomington, Ind., University of Indiana, A Comparison of the Personality Characteristics of 1967. Selected Third Grade Pupils from Three Socio-Economic Levels. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. The University of Cloward, Richard A., and Jones, James A. Toledo, 1966 142 pages. "Social class: educational attitudes and participation." In Education in Depressed Areas, A. Harry Passow, editor. Balmer, Henry Scott New York, Colombia University Teachers College Press, A Study of the VarLitions in Value Orientation of 1965. 359 p. Negro and White Lower and Middle Socio-Economic Class Students in the Fifth and Sixth Grades. Ph.D. dissertation in Coles, Robert Education. Syracuse University, 1971. 363 pages. "Death oftheheartin ghettochildren." Federal Probation, Vol. 32, No. 3, September, 1968; pp. 3-7. Baughman, E. Earl, and Dahlstrom, W. Grant Negro and-White Children. A Psychological Study in the Conyers, James E., and Farmar, William J. Rural South. New York, Academic Press, 1968. 572 p. Black Youth in a Southern Metropolis. Socioeconomic Characteristics, Attitudes, and Values of Negro High,School Bowen, Kerry William Students in Atlanta. Atlanta, Southern Regional Council, Selected Aspects of Inferred Identification ih,Black and January, 1968. 31 p. White Students. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. University Section III, pages 7-12, is "Self-Images, Aspirations, and of Georgia, 1971. 133 pages. Patterns ofIdentification."Given are the respondents' answers toamultitude of possiblefactors which are Bradford, D.L. componentsofself-image.Onetableprobes, "How The Formation of Achievement Attitudes Among important is each of the following qualities in helping one to Lower-Class Negro Youth. Ph.D. dissertation. University of get ahead in life?" while another examines "To whom do Michigan, 1966. you usually turn for advice?" Section IV, pages 12-15, titled "Racial Attitudes and Civil Rights Organizations and Ap- Branch, Taylor proaches," includes two interesting tables with percentages "'Freedom of choice'desegregation.the southern agreeingor notagreeing, in "Responses to Statements reality." Washington Monthly, Vol. I, Nu. 10, November, Concerning Selected Problematic Aspects of Race and 1969, pp. 69-80. Race-Related Behavior" and "Responses to the Question:

38 47 A. 7. a. Primary, Secondary / 39

What Jo you think of ea..h of the following ,iv i1 rights Sixth through Eighth Grado. Ph.D. dissertation in Eduk.a- organizations and approaL.hesr Buttressing these poll statis- hon. Northern Illinois University, 1972. 246 pages. ticsarecomparisons with otherpolls and explanatory interpretations. The sampling body was 688 Negro students Ellis, Elinor Vivian Wall in 5 predominantly Negro high sthools m Atlanta, with A Comparative Investigation of the 'Relationship of about 60 per,ent of the respondents being females. There is a Self-Cunt.eptofAbility and At.ademn. Adnevement of bibliography as well as a fth.simile of the mine.) used. It Seventh Grade Middle and Lower Class Cain.asian and Negro contains 30 questions, some of whh.h have many sub Students. Ph.D. dissertation. The Florida State University, divisions. 1972. 92 pages.

Cordasco, Frank M. Entwisle, Doris R., and Greenberger, Ellen "The Puerto Rican child inthe American school." "Adolescents' views of women's work role." American Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 36, Spring, 1967, pp. Journal of Orthopsychiatry, Vol. 42, No. 4, July, 1972, pp. 181-86. 648-56. References. Cottle, Thomas J. This is a rather unusual article which traces ninth-grade "Encounter in color." Psy chulox5 Today, Vol. 1, No. 7, Baltimore area boys' and girls' attitudes toward the working December, 1967, pp. 22-41. woman. 'The statistics were gathered from a field of 270 boys and 3Q5 girls. Six greups were examined: inner-city blacks; DeBord, Larry William inner-city whites; blue-collar blacks; blue-collar whites; rural The Achievement Syndrome among Negro and White whites, and middle -class whites. Diagrams indicate "Inter- Culturally Disadvantaged Boy s. Ph.D. dissertation. Vander &Awns between question,residentiallows, intelligence bilt University, 1969 276 pages. quotient, and sex for white ninth-graders of medium or high I. Q." It was found that 'those with higher intelligence ranges Denhardt, Robert B responded more favorably to the idea, though the least "Learning abo tbureaucracy." Pt.rsonna Admoustra tolerant of all were the white boys from this sub-group. In Lion, Vol. 35, No. 3, June, 1972, pp. 15-19. general, the blacks were more favorably disposed to women's working out of the household. Yet the blacks, when quizzed Dentler, Robert A, Mackfer, Bernard, and Warshauer, Mary on the question of women who have to hold men's jobs, were Ellen, editors just as cautious as their white counterparts. The Urban R's. New York, Frederick A. Praeger, Publishers, 1968. 04 p. Erickson, Edsel L., et al. "Differences between economically disadvantaged stu- Diener, Russell Edward dents who volunteer and do not volunteer for economic A Comparative Study of Seleaed Needs, Values, and opportunity programs." Journal of Human Resuurcei, Vo:. Attitudes of Negro and White Elementary Education Stu- 4, No. I, pp. 76-83. dents. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Michigan,-I966. Evans, Charles Lee Dixon, Clarence Curtis The Immediate Effects of Classroom Integration on the A Comparative Study of the Self Cl Ots of Disad- Academic Progress, Self-Concept, and Racial Attitude of vantaged and Advantaged Negro Students. P.. ssertation Negro Elementary Children. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. in Education. University of Georgia, 1972. 148 s. North Texas State University, 1969. 99 pages.

Donahue, Elayne Meyer Fiddmont, Norman S., and Levine, Daniel U. A Study ofthePreference ofNegro and tc "The attitudes of Negro high school students in Kansas Kindergarten ChildrenforPicture Book Stories City, Missouri: a preliminary report." Kansas City, Mo., Feature Negro and White Story Characters. Ph.D. dissertation Center for the Study of Metropolitan Problems in Education, in Education. UnWersity of Colorado, 1969. 136 pages. 1969? Mimeographed. Drymon, Ben Jay Firme, Delmar Walter A Comparison of Attitudes Toward Schooling of Black An Investigation of Negro Children's Perception of the and White Students in Three Junior High Schools. Ph.D. Relationship between Economic Status in Childhood and dissertation. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Probable Adult Occupational Status. Ph.D. dissertation in 1971. 301 pages. Education. Columbia University, 1969. 232 pages. Duva, Nicholas Anthony, editor Fisher, David L. Somebody Real.Voices of City Children. Rockaway, Black Studies and the Enhant.ement of Self-Concept as N.J., American Faculty Press, 1972. vii, 184 p. Photos. itRelates to Achievement Level in Negro High School Students. Ph.D. dissertation in Education: Western Michigan Dyer, Henry S. University, 1972. 85 pages. "School factors and equal educational opportunity." Harvard Educational Review, Vol. 38, No.I,1968, pp. Fultz, Jane Nakano 38-56. A Study of Status Systems and Related Value Orienta- tions among Adolescents of an Ethnically Plural High School Eicher, Benjamin Keith Community in Hawaii. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. New Problem Areas of Black aild White Boys and Girls in York University, 1966. 176 pages. 48 401 A. Attitudes otthe Poor

.Givens, Henry, Jr. Activists and Black High School Male Non-Activists as A Comparative S'ikitly of Achievement and Attitudinal Related to the Factors of Social Awareness,- Civil-Rights, and Characteristics of Blak \and White Intamediate Pupils in InstitutionalPractices. dissertation. Detroit, Mit.h., Individualized, Multigrade, and Self-Containedinstructional- Wayne State University, 1971. 355 pages. Programs. Ph.D. dissertation. St. Louis University, 1972. 118 -pages-. Huelsman, Ben R. "Southernmountaineersincityjuvenilecourts." Godbold, Donald Horace Federal Probation,Vol. 33, No. 4, December, 1969, pp. A Comparisonof Attitudes toward School,Self- 49-54. Perception, and Achievement of Eighth Grade Pupils Attend- ing Junior High Schools in Communities of Different Levels Jacobson, Cardell Klaine of Economic Affluence. Ph.D. dissertation. The University of The Effects of Black Power and the Lotus of Control Michiga, 1967. 230 pages. Variable on Performance and Self-Deprecation of Junior High School Students in Biracial Pairs. Ph.D. dissertation. Goergi, Norman John University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1971. 119 pages. The Relationship of Self-Concept in High School Negro Students in1uncie, Indiana, to Intelligence, Achievement, Jencks, Christopher and Grade Point Average. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. lnequahty. A Reassessment of the Effect of Family and Ball State University, 1971. 150 pages. Schooling in, America. New York, Basic Books, 1972. 399 p. Illustrations. Goldblatt, Harold, and Tyson, Cyril Some Self-Perceptions and TeacherEvaluations of Jimenez, Gus Richard Puerto Rican, Negro, and White Pupils in 4th, 5th, and 6th A Studyof Secondary StudentAttitudes toward Grades. New York, City Commission on Human Rights4n Pohtis and Politicians in Selected Hillsborough County, New York, 1962. Florida, Public Schools. Ph.D. dissertation. The University of Mississippi, 1971.,254 pages. Grant, Carl A. An Empirical Study, of the Effects of Relevant Cur- Kaplan, R.M., and Goldman, R.D. riculum Materials upon, the Self- Concept, Achievement, and "Interracialperceptionamongblack,white,and Attend,...-m of Black Inner-City Students. Ph.D. dissertation. Mexican- American high school students." Journal of Person The University of Wisconsm, 1972.95 pages. ality and Social Psychology, Vol. 28, December, 1973, pp. 383-89. Gray, Gary Clark A Study of the Racial Attitudes and Racial Perceptions Katz, Irwin of Selected Groups of Metropolitan' High School Students. "Ak.ademic motivation and equal educational oppor- Ph.D. dissertation in Education. The University of Toledo, tunity." Harvard Educational Review, Vol. 38, No. I, Winter, 1969. 106 pages. 1968, pp. 57-65.

Greenleigh Associates, Inc. Katz, P.A.; Johnson, J.; and Parker, D. Upward Bound. .4 Study of Impact on the Secondary "Racial attitudes and perception m black and white School and the Community. New York, Greenleigh Asso- urban school aildren."Prucecdings of American Psychologi- ciates, Inc., January, 1969, 57 p. cal Association, 78th, 1970,'Vol. 5, pp. 311-12.

Hansen, W. Lee, Weisbrod, Burton A., and Scanlon, William Kelley, Eleanor A., and Turner, Deanna N. J. "Clothing awareness and feelings of deprivation and Determinants of Earnings of Low Achievers. Does satisfaction among lower social class first-grade children." Schooling Really Count, Even for Them? Madison, Wis., Journal of Hume Economics, Vol. 62, No. 6, pp. 396-400. Institute for Research on Poverty, Discussion Paper No. t,, 20;62. The University of Wisconsin, August, 1968. 29 p. LaBelle, Thomas Jeffrey Attitudes and Academic Achievement among Male and Hawkins, Lawrence C. Female Anglo and Spanish American Fifth Grade Students. Follow-Up Study of Twenty-six Educationally Disad- Ph.D. dissertation. The University of New Mexico, 1969. 354 vantaged Negro Pupils.Ph.D. dissertationin Education. pages. University of Cincinnati, 1970. 167 pages. i. Heffernan, Maurice Francis Lafevre, Carol An Analysis of Student Attitudes toward Education in "Inner-city schoolas the children see it." The Ele- Communities of Different Socio-Economic Status. Ph.D. mentary School Journal, October, 1966. Chicago, University dissertation. The Univetsity of Connecticut, 1967. 150 pages. of Chicago Press, pp. 8-16. Henderson, George Levine, Daniel U., et al. "Beyond poverty of ink.ume." The Journal of Negro The Attitudes of Students at Black High Schools in Five Education, Vol. 36, No. I, Winter, 1967, pp. 42-50. Cities, Spring 1970. Kansas City, Mo., co-published by the Greater Kansas City Mental Health Foundation, and the Hood, Elizabeth Flemister Center for the Study of Metropolitan Problems in Education, A Study of the Attitudes of Blak High Saw)! Male School of Lduation, University of Missouri at Kansas City,

49 A. 7. a. Primary, Secondary / 41

April,1971. Roughly100leaves,tables, questionnaire \ Offenbacher, Deborah I. facsimile. \ "Cultures in conflict: home and school as seen through This interestingly-written report Lovers the attitudes of te eyes oflower -classstudents." The Urban Rericlt, Vol. 2, students on problems such as police-populace relationships, N 6, May, 1968, pp. 2-8. the accessibility of various community services, the role of fate, and blocks to black students' achieving their goals. Rist,ay C. 'he milieu of a ghetto school as a precipitator of Levy, R.C., and Applegate, W.B. educati nal failure." Phylon, Vol. 33, No. 4, Winter, 1972, "Student-communityhealthprojects; how to win pp. 348- friends without influencing people." Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 220, May 22, 1972, pp. 1113-15. Schneider, lank Wheeler Differen es Between Negro and'White School Children Martin, Dorothy Wohrna in ConforminBehavior. Ph.D. dissertation. University of The Inner-City Black Male_ High School' Student: His Florida, 1968. Self-Concept, Academic Achievement, and Occupational Aspirations. Ph.D. dissertation. The University of Maryland, Schneiderman, G4ald M. 1971. 118 pages. The Relationship of Cognitive Differentiation of Types of Black History Curse Content and Attitude Change of tudents: Ph.D. dissertation. New York McAdoo, Harriette Ann Black Seventh Grade University, 1970. 130 ages. Racial Attitudes and Self Concepts of Black Preschool \ Children. Ph.D. dissertation. The University of Michigan, Schnepf, Virginia 1970. 175 pages. A Study of Political Socialization in a Subculture: Negro Childidn's Knowledge of and Attitudes toward the McAdoo, Johnlewis Police, Law and Freedom. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. An Exploratory Study of Racial Attitude Change in University of Illinois, 1966. 131 pages. Black Preschool Children Using Differential Treatments. Ph.D. dissertation. The University of Michlgan, .1970. 96 Schwenkner, Charles Edward pages. An Investigation of the Effects of Social Class, Race, .r' and Sex on Situational School Anxiety with Fourth and McElroy, James Lee Sixth Grade Students. Ph.D. dissertationinEducation. A Study of theRelationships among Stability of University of Cincinnati, 1971.80 pages. Social-Class Position, Race, and Self Esteem. Ph.D. dissertation. The University-of Akron, 1971. 121*.pages. Singer, Dorothy Interracial Attitudes of Negro and White Fifth-grade Melville, Robert S. Childrenin Segregated and Unsegregated Schools. Ph.D. What are the Factors which Enhance or Retard Educa- dissertation. Columbia University, 1966. tional Achievement of Navajo Indian Students the Sevier School District? Ph.D. dissertation. Utah State Jniversity, Sisenwein, Martin 1966. 149 pages. , A Comparison of the 'Self- Concepts of Negro and White Children in an Integrated School. Ph.Ddissertationin Education. Columbia University, 1970. 101 pages. Miguel, Jesse Samuel Value Patterns of the Minorities and Student Unrest. Soares, A.T., and Soares, L.M. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Minnesota, 1971. 138 pages. "A comparative study of the self-perceptions of disadvantaged children in 'elementary and secondary schools." Miller, LaMar Perry Proecedings of American Psychological Association, 77th, An Investigationof Non-Intellectual Factors in the 1969, Vol. 4, pp. 659-60. Education of Selected Negro High School Students. Ph.D. Soares .T., and Soares, L.M. dissertation. The University of Michigan, 1968. 195 pages. ferences in gelf-Perceptions of Disadvantaged Stu- dents. Presented at American Educational Research Associa- Moreno, Marguerite Cusack tion, Minneapolis, March, 1970. The Effect of Integration on the Aptitude; Achieve- ment, Attitudes to School and Class, and Social Acceptance Soares, A.T., and Soared, L.M. Lit Negro and White Pupils in a Small Urban School System. "Interpersonal and self-perceptions of disadvantaged Ph.D. dissertation. fordham University, 1971. 101 pays. and advantagedhigh schoolstudents." Proceedings of American Psychological Association, 78th, 1970, Vol. 5, pp. 457-58. Morris, Joseph Personal Adjustment of the High Achieving Negro Soares, A.T., and Soares, L.M. Student. Ph.D. ditsertro,ion. University of Michigan, 1968. "Self-concepts of disadvantaged and advantaged students." child Study Journal, 1970, Vol. 2, pp. 69-73. Nelson, Dennis E., and Jones, G. Brian EffectsofcontingencyManagernentandQuasi- Soares, A.T., and Soares, L.M. Individualized Instruction on Academic Performance and "Self-perception of culturally disadvantaged children." Attitudes. Palo Alto, Cal., American Institute for Research in American Educational Research Journal, Vol. 6, 1969, pp. the Behavioral Sciences, November, 1970. 124 p. 31-45. 42 / A. Attitudes of the Poor

Sobota, Catherine Manton Whitaker, Colbert Woodard The Relationship between Selected Social and Personal A Comparison of Intraracial and Interracial Achieve Characteristics and Academic Achievement among Male mem, School Readiness, and Intelligence of a Selected Group Negro Adolescents. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Pitts of Elementary Students in the Chattanouga,Schoul System. burgh, 1968. 170 pages. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. The University of Tennessee, 1972. 146 pages. S piler man, Seymour RaisingA ca dem icMotivationinLowerClass Williams, R.L. Adolescents. A Convergence of Two Research Traditions. 'Cognitive and affective components of southern Negro University of Wisconsin, Institute for Research un Poverty, students' attitude toward academic integration." Journal of Reprint'Series No. 68. Madison, Wis., 1971. 16 p. Social Psychology, Vol. 78, No. 1, 1968, pp. 107-11.

Stoll, Clarice S., and McPartland, James \ Winstead, John Clayton Inferiority, Efficacy, and Race, Report Nu. 49. Balti- Changes in Attitudes of Negro Pupils Moving from more, Md., The Johns Hopkins University, Center for the SegregatedtoIntegratedSchools. Ph.D. dissertationin Study of Social Organization of Schvols,,August, 1969. 24 p. Education. The University of Tennessee, 1972. 92 pages. Strang, William Jacob, Jr. Zegans, LeonardS.; Schwartz, Martin S.; and Dumas, The Self-Concepts of Children in Elementary Schools Rhetaygh with Differing Proportions of Negro and White Students. "A mental health center's response to a racial crisis in Ph.D. dissertation. The University of Alabama, 1972. 254 an urban high school." Psychiatry, Vol. 32, No. 3, August, pages. . 1969, pp. 252-64.

Symonds, Martin "Disadvantaged children growing in a climate of hope- lessness and despair." American Journal of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28, No. I, 1968, pp. 15-24. b. College Students Talley, Page The Relation of Group Counseling to Changes in Aldridge, Delores P. Self-Concept of Negro Eighth Grade Students. Ph.D. chsserta Alienationof Self Esteem ofCollegeStudents as tion. University of Miami, 1967. Related to Socio-Economic Background, Race, and College Experiences. Ph.D. dissertation. Purdue University, 1971. Taylor, Ronald Dean 282 pages. Attitudes of the Disadvantaged, Counselors, Counselor Trainees, and Indigenous Aides Regarding Selected Concepts Alexander, Herbert Clarke Use in Vocational Counseling. Ph.D. dissertation in Educa An Analysis of Selected Attitudes of Seniors in Pre- tion. Colorado State College, 1969. 115 pages. dominantly Negro Colleges and Universities. Ph.D. dissertation. Uniyersity of Tennessee, 1969. Toler, Alexander, and Orange, Susan "An attemptto measure psychological distancein Aulston, Melvin Douglas advantaged and disadvantaged children." Chili/ Dcktluptn,nt, Comparative Perceptions of the College Environment Vol. 40, No. 2, June, 1969, pp. 407-20. Between Minority-Group Freshmen and Minority-Group Entering Transter Students. Ph.D. dissertation. The Uni- Troutman, Benjamin Iber, Jr. versity of Connecticut, 1973. 163 pages. The Impact of Race, Caste, and Prejudice on the Ethnic Attitudes of High School Students: A Multimethod Assess- Babbitt, Charles Edwin ment. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. University of Georgia, The Dilemma in American Higher Education. Aliena- 1972. 184 pages. tion and Control of Black Students. Ph.D. dissertation in Sociology. State University of New York at Buffalo, 1971. Walik, Mukhtar A. 135 pages. School Performance of Children in Families Rece'ving Public Assistance in Canada. Ottawa, The Canadian We fare Backner, Burton L., and Beckenstein, Lewis Council, September, 1966. 145 p. , "A survey of disadvantaged students' attitudes towards a special college program." Journal of Human Resources, Walker, Patricia Ann Vol. 5, No. I, Winter, 1970, pp. 117-27. The Effects of Hearing Selected Children's Stories that Portray Blacks in a Favorable Manner on the Racial Attitudes Bartee, Geraldine McMurry of Groups of Black and White Kindergarten Children, Ph.D. The Perceptual Characteristics of Disadvantaged Negro dissertation. University of Kentucky, 1971. 110 pages. and Caucasian College Students. Ph.D, dissertation. East Texas State.College, 1967. Westbrook, Joseph Wilson An Assessment of the Attitudes of Selected Negro Bohnke, David Reese Students Toward School and Some Factors that Influence Attitude Differentials Between Negro and Caucasian these Attitudes. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. The Uni- Intercollegiate Athletes. Ph.D. dissertation. The Ohio State versity of Tennessee, 1970. 124 pages. University, 1971. 156 pages.

.- _ _ 51 A.7. b. College 143

Ervin, James Elbert Porter, Walter Nathaniel Black Students' Perceptions of their Experiences at A Study of the Relationships between Public. School Kent State University. Ph.D. dissertation. Kent State Uni- Segregation and Academic Achievement and Attitudes of versity. 1972. 164 pages. Black Students. Ph.D. dissertation. Southern Illinois Uni- versity, 1971. 205 pages. Frumkin, Robert M. "Attitudes of Negro college students toward intrafamily Preston, Frederick R. leadership and control.' Marriagi. and I arnii. Liing, Vol. A Study of Relevancy in Higher Education as Perceived 16, 1954, pp. 282-83. by Black College Students: Implications for Structural and Program Changes.,Ph.D. dissertation in Education. University Fry, James Scott of Massachusetts, 1971. 197 pages. A Study of Negro and Caucasian Undergraduate Stu- dents' Attitudes toward Selected Components of University Rayburn, Wendell Gilbert Environment. Ph D. dissertationtoEducation. Memphis . AnAnalysisoftheAspiration,Motivation,and State University, 1971. 181 pages. Academic Achievement Levels of Disadvantaged Students at the University of Detroit. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Gailey, Phil Wayne State University, 1972. 207 pages. "Southern campuses in crisis." South Today, Vol. I, No. 1, July 1969, p. 4. (From The Atlanta Constitution). Shenkman, Frederick Alan Hayes, Annamarie Gillespie The Participation of Black Studentsinthe Social How Black and White Students Compare in University System of a Southern Integrated University. Ph.D. disserta- Life-Space Use. Ph.D. dissertation. Michigan State University, tion in Education. The University of Florida, 1970. 257 1971. 258 pages. pages. [limes, R.H. Woods, Richard G., and Ilarkins, Arthur M. "'Social distance components in integration attitudes of Education-Related Preferences and Characteristics of ;Negro college students." Journal vi Iegro Education, Vol. Colloge-Aspiring Urban Indian Teenagers. A Preliminary 37, No. 1, 1968, pp. 23-30. Report. Minneapolis, Minn., Training Center for Community Programs, University of Minnesota, May, 1969. 29 p. Holtzman. Shirley Jo Relationships of, Social Characteristics, Attitudes, and Wyse, Rodney'Ellis Political BehavioiolInner-City Community College Stu- Attitudes of Selected Black and White College Business dents. Ph.D. dissertation. Washington University, 1971. 222 Administiation Seniors toward Recruiters and the Recruiting pages. Process. Ph.D. dissertation. The Ohio State University, 1972. 143 pages. Johns, Daniel Jay Correlates of Academic Success in a Predominantly Black, Open-Door, Public Urban Community College. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Virginia, 1970. 112 pages. Jones, James Charles A Study of the Attitudes of Black Students in Inte- grated Universities Compared with their Counterparts in Black Universities. Ph D dissertation. Michigan State Uni- versity, 1971. 87 pages. Lessing, Elise E., and Zagarin, Susan W. "Black power ideology and college students' attitudes toward their own and other racial groups." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol. 21, No. I, January, 1972, pp. 61-73. Tables, references. McDonald, Timothy R. Black and White Graduate Student Perceptions of University Environment. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. University of Miami, 1972. 151 pages. Piccard, Leroy Alvin A Comparison of Attitudes, by Sex, Ethnic, and Program Classifications of Junior College Students toward Higher Education. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Missouri, 1971. 112 pages.

Pink, William Thomas Social Class, School Status, Student Commitment, and the Educational-Experience. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Oregon, 1972. 210 pages. A. Attitudes of the Poor

8. Attitudes of the Poor About the Educational System, Riots, and Racial Advancement 0

a. Educational System, Justice, and the Social Milieu

Apple, Joe A., editor and Wesley A. Many, editors. Boston, Houghton Mifflin Readings in Educating the Disadvantaged. New York, Company, 1966. pp. 182-89. Selected Academic Readings, Inc.,ollege Division. 296 p. Hollister, C. David Baldwin, Evancll K. "Negro-white differences in parental interest in educa- Differential Attitudes and Practices Relative to Minority tion." Socuilogical Focu., on Education, Vol. 3, No. I, 1969, Groups as Evidenced by College and Community Experi- pp. 96-110. ences. San Diego, Cal., San Diego Community College, 1970. i 67 p. Jacob, Herbert The minority group participants seemed to exhibit no "Black and white perceptions of justice in the city." great difference in behavior in comparison with white middle- Law and Society Reuiew, Vol. 6, No. 1, August, 1971, pp. class participants in the first job after college. Salaries seemed 69-90. similar on this job, and both groups felt about the same about what their alma mater college had done for them. Johnson, Charles S. Growing up in the Black Belt: Negro Yolith in the Rural Baldwin, Evanell K. South. New York, Schocken Books, 1967. 384 p. Differential Attitudes and Practices Relative to Minority Groups as Evidenced by College and Commlinity Experience. Johnson, Haynes Ph.D. dissertation. United States International University, "The other war. a frontline report." The Progressite, 1970. 170 pages. Vol. 30, No. 6, June, 1966, pp. 12-16.

Brill, Norman Q.; Weinstein, Raymond; and Garratt, John Keough, Sister M. Adrienne 'Poverty and erzntal illness.patients' perceptions of Dimensionalities and DiscrLpancies in Maternal Percep- poverty as an etiolugLal Laur in their illness." American tion of the Vocational Interests or Cdu,aL:an and Negro Journal of Psyciugtry, Vol. 129, Nu. 9, March, 1969, pp. Mothers. Ph.D. dissertation. The Catholic Universityof 66-73. America, 1970. 76 pages.

Demos, George D. Lansing, Jonn B.; Clifton, Charles Wade; and Morgan, James Attitudes of Student Ethnic Groups on Issues Related M. tv Education. Ph.D. dissertation. Lus Angeles, University of New Homes and Poor People A Study of Chains of Southern California, 1959. Moves. Ann Arbor, Mich., The University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, 1969. vii, 136 p. Dunkelberger, John E. Tables, graphs. Intensity of Job Mobility Aspuation Among Household Approximately 1100 homes were surveyed regarding Headsin Low-Income Areas of the Rural South. Ph.D. the households' sequence moves and the reasons for these dissertation in Sociology and Anthropology. MISSISSIPPI state moves, These were in SMSA-areas having more than 200,000 University, 1965. 197 pages. in the central city area. The succinct but clearly written text is supplemented by a large number of uncomplicated and Flaming, Karl H. well-drawn tables and graphs, neatly woven into the word Who "Riots" and W hyBlack and W hite Perspectives in descriptions. Appendix B is the Questionnaire and Interview- Milwaukee.Milwaukee,Wis.,Milwaukee Urban League, mg Procedures, on pages 81-88. Appendix Table E-22, on October, 1968. page 130, is "flow People Like Living in Their Present Homes Compared to Their Previous Homes," giving the Hines, Ralph H. statistics for such concepts as the attitudes of Negroes to new -Social expectations and cultural deprivation:' In }LSI... homes, reasons for moving, and the attitudes toward the Education for the Disadvantaged Adult, Frank W. Lanning home on the basis of the change in the number of rooms.

44 53 A. 8. a. Edmmtional System / 45

Lawlis, G. Frank Schnepf, Virginia Perception of Money as Mateo to Employment Stabil- A Study of Political Socializationin a Subculture. ity. Fayetteville, Ark., Arkansas Reh..bditation Research and Negro Children's Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward the Training Center, University of Arkan.as. 6 p. Police, Law and Freedom. Ph.D. dissertation. Urbana, Uni- versity of Illinois, 1966. League of Women Voters of the United States. Prospects for Education and Employinent. Washington, Scott, Nolvert Preston, Jr. D.C.,Leagueof Women Voters oftl\t.United States, The Perception of Racial Discrimination by Negroes in September. 1964. 24 p. Metropolitan Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanIcia. Ph.D. disseita- "An attitude rejecting what schools offer is not limited tion. The Penn4lvania State University, 1971. 237 pages. to young Negroes, it is shared by many other children of the poor.... Teachers have often assumed defeatist attitudes Tucker, Sterling toward students from backgrounds dissimilar to then own. "The ghetto today ." In Beyond the Burning. Life and The result is that poverty tends to breed poverty...." tp. 8) Death of the Ghetto. New York, Association Press, 1968. pp. 13-35. Levine, Abraham S. Yesterday's People' and tomorrow's programs." Wel- Weinstein, Raymond M., and Brill, Norman Q. fare in Reiew, Vul. 7, No. 4, July/ August, 1969, pp. 8-12. "Social class and patients' perceptions of mental illness." Psychiatric Quarterly, Vol. 45, No. I, 1971, pp. 35-44. Lona Samuel, and Lohg, Ruth "Teacher-candidates' attitudes regarding poverty and Wellman, Antoinette thedisadvantaged."Urban Edu ation,Vol.7,No.4, "Consumer Affairs Programs." Inammunity Develop- January, 1973, pp. 371-82. ment in the Mobilization for Youth Experience, Harold IT. Weissman, editor. New York, Association Press, 1969. pp. Lyford, Joseph P. 71-82. The Airtight Cage: A Study of New York's West Side. New York, Harper and Row, 1966. 348 p. Wright, Wilbert A Comparative Study Between Socio-Economic Status, Meier, Deborah Race, Sex Classification and Student Opinions Related to "From a Harlem school." Dissent, Vol. 25, Nu. 2, Personnel Services of Selected Texas Colleges. Ph.D. disserta- March/April, 1968, pp. 131-37. tion in Education. University of Houston, 1969. 131 pages.

N chigan AdVisory Council for Vocational-Education. Opinions about Vocational EducationinMichigan: Opinions from a Sample of 1968 Graduates, Their Parents, and Their Employers about the Importance, Adequacy, and b. Riots AppropriatenessofVocationalEducationinMichigan. Lansing, Mich., Michigan Advisory Council for Vocational "After the riots: a survey how the flare-ups affected U.S. Education, June, 1971. 152 p. racial' attitudes." Newsweek, Vol. 60, No. 8, August' 21, 1967, pp. 18-19. Podell, Lawrence Families on Welfarein New York City, Preliminary Blumenthal, Monica D., et al. Report Nu. 3. Nfuthers Education and Employment. New Justifying Violence. Attitudes of American Men. Ann York, The Center for Social Research, Graduate Center, The Arbor, Mich., The University of Michigan, Institute, for Social City University of New York, December 20, 1967. 36 p. Research, 1972. xii, 367 p. Tables, graphs, charts, bibliography: pp. 355-58. Raine, Walter R. This is a seminal book, well-written, and thoroughly Los Angeles Riot Study: The Perception of Police researched, which explores a number of intricate socio- Brutality in South Central Los Angeles. Los Angeles, The psychological relationships without becoming entrenened in University of California, Institute of Government and Public detail. The range of factors considered includes not only Affairs, Report No. 109, 1967. 33 p. Mimeographed, tables. race,, education, and income, but the correlation between Reed, Jack L. these and various value systems and political outlooks. Some The Relationship between Socio-Economic Status and particular sections of noteare: Chapter 2:"Attitudes, Attitudes toward Education. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Causes, and Cures," (pp. 19-40) which includes "Beliefs about the Causes of Violence," "Measuring Attitudes Toward Coloradl qtqte College, 1969. 80 pages. Violence,t' "Attitudes Toward Violence for Social Control," Rioux, J.William and "Attitudes toward Violence for Social Change." Chapter "The disadvantaged childin sehocl." In The Disad- 3. "Background, Belief, and Behavior," (pp. 41-69) which vantaged Child, Vol.I, Jerome Hellmoth, editor. Seattle, includes "Background Characteristics and Attitudes Toward Wash., Special Child Publication, Seattle Seguin School, Inc., Violence," "Income, Region, Religion, Group Membership, 1967. pp. 77-120. and Attitudes Toward Violence," "Beliefs Abdut Social f Issues and Attitudes Toward Violence," "Attitudes Toward Rivera, Ramon J., and Short, Janes F., Jr. the Courts and Violence for Social Change," and "Attitudes "0,..../rltiunalgoals,a, omparativcanalysis."In Toward Violence and Violent Behavior." Figure 10 on page JuveniI GangsinContext. Nfalculm W. Klein, editor. 52, shows, in graph form, "Mean Violentfor Social Change Englewood -Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1967. pp. 70-90. inRelationto Religion respondsts, N = 1,374).'

54 46 / A. Attitudes of the Poor

Chapter 8. "Predicting Attitudes Toward Violence," (pp. Hahn, Harlan, and Feagin, Joe R. 211-41). The materialisallclearlyindexed. On pages "Riot-precipitating police practices. attithies in urban 265-300, the questionnaire sample used is reproduced. The ghettos."Phy.lon,Vol. 31, No. 2, Summer, 1970, pp. methodglogyispainstakingly presented in Appendix D: 183-93. "Measuring Attitudes Toward the Use of Violence" (pp. 335-53). "The hard-core ghetto mood." Newsweek,Vol. 70, No. 8, August 21, 1967, pp. 20-26. Boesel, David "The liberal society, black youths and the ghetto riots." Lamer, Jeremy Psychiatry, Vol.33, No. 2, May, 1970, pp. 265-81. "Initiation for whitey. notes on poverty and riot."In Poverty: Views from the Left, Jeremy Larner and Irving Boskin, Joseph Howe, editors. New York, William Morrow and Company, "Violence in the ghetto's: a consensus of attitudes::In 1968. pp. 94-106. Violence in Contemporary Society, Joseph Frank, editor. The author's trenchant depiction of the relationship New Me..ico Quarterly, Vol. 38,No. 4, Winter, 1968, pp. betweenpour peopleandriotsincludes au important 317-34, explication of the anomalous state of the poor which non-poor society unknowingly perpetuates in the name of Cohen, Nathan, editor salutary action to prevent riots. "We cannot hope for a magic The Los Angeles Riots. A Socio-Psychological Study. resolution of our double attitude toward poverty, :.ince poor New York,Praeger Publishers, 1970. (Praeger Special Studies people are in fact burdens as well as hunurable victims." (p. in U.S. Economic and Social Development. Published in 100). Cooperation with the Institute of Government and Public Affairs, University of California at Los Angeles, sponsored by Lipsky, Michael, and Olson, David grants from the Office of Economic Opportunity.) On the Politics of Riot Commissions. Madison, Wis., Tables. The University of Wisconsin, Institutefor Research on Ihts large book is a fascinating sourcework containing Poverty. Preparedfor the 1968 Annual Meeting of the much cited research, and original survey work with appro- AmericanPoliticalScienceAssociation, September3-7, priate statistics. Important chapters include: Chapter 1, "The 1968. 33 p. Los Angeles Riot Study," by Nathan E. Cohen, covering attitudes toward the riot and its consequences, Negro-white McCord, W. attitudes, white stereotypes about Negroes, Negroes' percep- "Negro opinions in three not cities." In Riots and tions of the political structure, and attitudes of the militants, Rebellion, L.H. Masson and D.R. Bowen, editors. Beverly Chapter 4, "Methodology. Negro Reaction Survey," by T.M. Hills, Cal., Sage Publishers, 1968. pp. 175-86. Tomlinson and DianaL. TenFlouten; Chapter5, "The Structure of Discontent: The Relationships Between Social Raine, Walter T. Structure, Grievance, and Rtot Support," by Raymond J. Los Angeles Riot Study. The Perception of Police Murphy end James W. Watson, covering attitudes toward and Brutality m South Centro; Los Angeles. Los Angeles, The participationinthe nut, and the relationship between University of California, Institute of Government and Public structure,discontent, and not attituthsandbehavior, Affairs, Report No. 109, 1967. 33 p. Mimeographed, tables. Chapter 7, "Negro Attitudes Toward the Riot," by T.M. Tomlinson and David 0, Sears; Chapter 9, "The Perception Ransford, Harry Edward of Police Brutality in South Central Los Angeles," by Walter "Isolation, powerlessness, and violence.a study of Raine, covering perception of police brutality correlated attitudes and particip_tion in the Watts nut."The American with other attitudes, and Chapter 10, "The Politics of Journal of Sociology,Vol. 73, No. 5, March, 1968, pp. Discontent," by David 0. Sears' and John B. McConahay, 581-91. covering the attitudes of riot participants toward mechanisms Tables. of grievance redress. Sears, David O., and McConahay, John B. Connery, Robert H., editor "The politics of discontent."InThe Los Angeles Riots: Urban Riots.N., iulence and Social Change. Proceedings A Sudo-Psychological Stt.dy, Nathan Cohen, editor. New of the Academy of Political Science. New York, Columbia York, Praeger Publishers, 1970. pp. 413-79. University,The Academy of Political Science,1968. Vol. 29, Tables. No. 1. x, 190 p. This important chapter, recapitulating a great deal of probing ininterviews, fully documents the ideas of the Feagm, Jue R., and Sheatslcy, Paul B. police, the Black Muslims, and civil rights groups. Attitudes -kitten° residents' appraisals of a not."Public Opinion toward violence, the. Los Angeles riots, long-run outcomes, Quarterly, VOL32, No. 3, Fall, 1968, pp. 352-62. and the power structure zie examined statistically.

Feagin, Joe R. Sears, David 0., and Tomlinson, T.M. "Social sources of support for violence and nonviolence "Riot ideologyinLos Angeles.a study 'ey:o in a Negro ghetto."Social Problems,Vol. 15, Spring, 1968, attitudes."Social Science Quarterly,Vol. 49. bc.embc., pp. 432-41. 1968, pp. 485-503. Tables. Grimshaw, Allen Day, compiler -Racial Violence in the United States.Chicago, Aldine Slesinger, Jonathan Publishing Co., 1969. xviu, 553 p. Bibliography. pp. 527.43. Conlmunity Opinions of the Summer 1967 Civil Dis- 55 A. 8. c. Miliiance / 47 turbance in Milwaukee. Milwaukee, Wis., The University of Dizard, J.E. Wisconsin, April, 1968. 40 p. "Black identity, social class, and black power." Psy- Some questions statistically presented in tabular form chiatry, Vol. 33, 1970, pp. 195-208. are:perceivedfrequency of selected aspects of police behavior; kinds of treatmentinsults, lack of respect, frisk: Elder, Glen H., Jr. mg, searching cars unnecessarily, all unnecessary searching, "Group* orientations and strategies in racial change." Social Forces, Vol. 48, No. 4, June, 197d, pp. 445-61. plusothers; beliefs about the "toughness" with -which Milwaukee police treat blacks; in their treatment of blacks, Franklin, John Hope, compiler Milwaukee police aretoo brutal; about right,oo soft, don't Color and Race. Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1968. xvi, know, not ascertainable. The questions are responded to by 391 p. inner city blacks, inner city whites, outer city whites, and Bibliographies. suburban whites. Friedman, Cyril Robert Spilerman, Seymour Attitudes toward Protest Strategy and Participationitt 'The causes Of racial disturbances. a comparison of Protest Groups Among Negro Americans.Ph.D. dissertation. alternative explanations." American Sociological Review, The University of Connecticut, 1967. Vol. 35, No. 4, August, 1970, pp. 645-46. Gift, Mack Dee Tom linson, Self-Concept and Social Change Among Black Youth. "The development of ariot ideology among urban Ph.D. dissertation. University of Utah, 1970. 174 pages. Negroes." American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 11, No. 4, March/April, 1968, pp. 27-31. Grimshaw, A.D. "Three views of urban violence: civil disturbance, racial revolt, class assault." American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 11, No. 4, 1968, pp. 2-7. Guillory, Ferrel "BatonRouge`outsiders'inviolencestiralook c. Racial Advancement and Militance inward." The South Today, Vol. 3, No. 7, March, 1972, pp. 3-8. Aberbach, Joel D., and Walkei, Jack L. , The author, who visited Baton Rouge because of the "The meanings of black power: a comparison of white January 10, 1972, shooting of three blacks and two whites, andblackinterpretationsofapolitical' slogan." The traces the history of the city's tense racial situation. American Political Science Review, Vol. 64, No. 2, June, 1970. pp, 367-88. Hahn, H. "Ghetto sentiments on violence."Sciptee-iid Society, Boskin, Joseph Vol. 33, 1969, pp. 197-205. "The revolt of the urban ghettos, 1964-1967." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Kurakawa, M. Science, Vol. 382, March, 1969, pp. 1-14. "Mutual perception of racial images: white, black, and Bibliographic references. Japanese Americans." Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 27, No. In this article from the issue devoted to "Protest in the 4, 1971, pp. 213-35. Sixties," the author discusses the exodus of the middle class to the subu:bs in the mid-sixties, and the simultaneous arrival McConkey, Clarence ui tne cities of poor white and black migrants hoping to A Burden and an Ache. Nashville, Abingdon Press, better their lives. Instead they were clamped into the slums 1970.94 p. with few jobs and fewer hopes. Because of their embittered disillusionment at what the inner cities actually offered, the Nordheimer, Jon ghetto residents rioted. This funnel of wrath was aimed "'The Dream,' 1973. Blacks move painfully toward full primarily at :he business establishment and the police forces, equality."SeriesofstoriesinThe New York Times, twin yokes which most represented the whites' advantageous beginning Sunday, August 26, 1973, p.I, columns 1-3, position. The author cites a number of transcriptions of continued on p. 44. rioters'conversations, which make abundantly clear the Thisisthefirstof aseries of articles examining srikers. attitudes on Life and their feelings toward those conditions and attitudes in black America ten years after the whom they see as responsible for the existential trap of then march on Washington. The first article recalls the events around Dr. Martin Luther King's "I have a dream..." speech on August 28, 1963, from the Lincoln Memorial. Sincethen, Brigham, John, and Olkeissbach, Theodore, editors 25 million black Americans have tried in various ways to Racial Attitudes in America. Anal)ses and Findings of alter society to cohere more with the ideals of that speech, Social Psychology. New York, Harper and Row, Publishers, "...anational upheaval that has left black society split 1972. xvi, 401 p. between those whose fortunes rose during the decade and those whose lives were relatively untouched." (p. I), Deslonde, James Louis III Beliefs in Internal-External Control of Reinforcements, Schuinan, Howard, and Gruenberg, Barry Racial Ideology, and Militancy of Urban Community College "The impact of city on racial attitudes." American Students. Ph.D. dissertation. Case Western Reserve Uni- Journal of Sociology, Vol. 76, No. 2, September, I97Q, pp. versity, 1970. 131 pages. 213-61.

1 56 \ 48 I A. Attitudes of the Poor

Stenfors, Brian D., and Woodmansee, John J. "A scale of black power sentiment." Psychological Reports, Vol. 22, No. 3, Pt. I, 1968, p. 802. Thomas, Cynthia- Civil Rights Participation and Attitudes of Militancy in the Negro Ghetto Community. Ph.D. dissertation. The University of Rochester, 1971. 270 pates.,,, --, i Waddell, Charles M. The Functional Relationship between Values, Attitudes, and Black Militancy. Ph.D. dissertation. Michigan State Unirsity, 1971. 130 pages. Yeim n, Norman R., and Steele, C. Hoy, editors 41 ajority and Minority: The Dynamics of Racial and Ethnic Relations. Amitai- Etzioni, Consulting Editor. Boston, Allyn and Bacon, 1971. xiii, 621 p.

I l

57 A. Attitudes of the Poor

9. Attitudes of the Poor Toward Social Workers and Other'Social Intervention Workers

Alpert, Joel J., et al. Buchanan, Sherman W., and Makofsky, Louise R. "Attitudes and satisfactions of low - income families "The fearlessness of revision. attitudes of clients toward receiving comprehensive pechatrit. (-are." American Journal of a pallc welfare agent* and a community's servici.." Public Public Health, Vol. 60, No. 3, March, 1970, pp. 499-506. Welfare, Vol. 28, No. 2, April, 1970, pp. 141-49. Tables, references. "Certain general attitudes remained unchanged, but Cebotarev, Eleonora A., and King, Gary W. wherecarewasactuallydeliveredthere was increased Attitudes toward Anti-Poverty Programs in the Exten- satisfactionand anincreasedpreferenceforaprimary sion Service. A Case Study. Paper prepared for the meetings physician." of the Rural Sociological Society in Miami Beach, Florida, 1966. 17 p. Andrisani, Paul James Mimeographed. An Empirical Analysis of the Dual Labor Market Theory. Ph.D. dissertation in Business Administration. The Clarizio, Harvey F. Ohio State University, 1973. Distributed by National Techni- "Maternal attitude change assuoated with involvement cal Information Service, Springfield, Va. 161 pages. in Project Head Start." The Journal of Negro Education, Vol. Tables. 37, No. 2, Spring, 1968, pp. 106-13. Attitudes are discussed on pages 46-54. Erickson, Rosemary J. Batten, James K. The Action as Viewed from the Scene. La Jolla, Cal., "A coldshoulderfor thepoverty program." The Western Behavioral Sciences Institute, August 29, 1969. Reporter, Vol. 38, No. 11, May 30, 1968, pp. 26-28. "The faces of Appalachia." The VISTA Volunteer, Vol. 4, No. 7, July, 1968, pp. Benin, Seymour S., and Kriesberg, Louis 3-11. "Relationships among attitudes, circumstances, and behavior. the case of applying for public. housing." Sociology Fisk University, Social Science Institute. and Social Research, Vol. 51, July, 1967, pp. 453-69. Racial Attitudes.Interviews Revealing Attitudes of Northern and Southern White Persons of a Wide Range of Brager, George A., and Barr, Sherman Occupational and Educational Levels Toward Negroes. Nash- "Perceptions and reality. the pour man's view of social ville, Tenn., Fist.niversity, 1946. Social Swent.e Source services," In Community Action Against Poverty, George A. Documents, No. 3. 278 p. Brager and Francis P. Purcell, editors. New Haven, College and University Press, 1967. pp. 72-80. Fournier, Mildred, Greenberg, Samuel, and Maypole, Donald Aid to Dependent Children Recipient Attitudes Toward Brigham, John Carl the Dane County Department of Public Assistance and its Racial Attitudes in America. Analyses and findings of Caseworkers. Madison, Wis., University of Wis.onsin, Depart- Social Psychology. New York, Harper and Row, 1972. xii, ment of Sociai Work, 1961. 111 p. 401 p. Questionnaire, Bibliography. The authors chose about15percent of the ADC population in Madison, Wisconsin, and of the 51inter- Brody, Stanley J., and Kent, Donald P. viewers, used 40 of their questionnaires. They wanted not Social Research and Social Policy in a Public. Agency. only to find out how the recipients feel about the services, Paper presented at the ,twenty -first Annual Meeting of the but also to Le able to evaluate the efficient* of the present Gerontological Society, November 1, 1968. University Park, system, suggesting how more research might best pay off. Pa.,available from/ the authors atthe Department of The complete questionnaire of fifteen points, including some Sociology, The Penntylvarna State University, 6 pages. subdivisions, is given as an appendix. 58 49 50 At ntude, of the Poor

Franklin, David S. Kramm, Elizabeth R. A Longitudinal Study of WIN Dropouts. Program and "Vocational rehabilitation for disabled public assistance PolkImplications. LosAngeles,Cal.,Universityof recipients. aooperative demonstration." Wafarc inResit w, Southern California, Regional Research Institute in Social Vol. 8, No. 2, March/April, 1970, pp. 1.1-23. Work, April, 1972. Distributed by the National Technical Information Servi;e, Springfield, Va. 201 p. Lamb, W. Curtis, Starr, Emily S., and Spence, John D. Tables, diagrams. National Evaluation of Community Action Programs. The author gives a number of persistent eharaeteristies Report No. 2. Cambridge, Mass., Barss, Reitzel and Asso- of the long-term unemployed whose engraved pattern of elates, Inc., _May, 1970. Available from Clearinghouse for repeated failure is joggled temporanly by their partieipation Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, inthe WIN intervention scheme. The interviewees were Va. 101+ p. encouraged to give their suggestions about possi,ble "bugs" VI the program. There were 360 people involved in this study: Lasker, Bruno 80 percent men, 20 percent women, and 40 percent Spanish Ract Attitudes inChildri.n.New York, Greenwood surnamed, with 27 percent blade., 24 percent white, and 9 Press, 1968. Copy lighted and first published, 1929. xvi, 394 percent nonwhite. p.

Galloway, S.P., and Eby, C.E. Lawlis, G. Frank "Poverty area residents look at pharmacy services." "The chronically unemployed. vocational immaturity?" American Journal of Public Health,Vol. 61, November, Rehabilitation Research and Practice Journal, Vol. I,No. I, 1971, pp. 2211.224 Fall, 1968, pp. 61-68.

Geiger, ElJack Ledviuka, James "Of the poor, by the poor, or for the poor: the mental "The intrusion of race: black responses to the white health implications of social control of poverty programs." observer."Social Science Quarterly,March, 1972, Vol. 52, InPoverty and Mental Health, Milton, Greenblatt, Paul E. No. 4, pp. 907-20. Emery, and BernardC. Glueck, Jr., editors. Psychiatric Bibliographic references. Research Report No. 21, American Psychiatric Association, The contexts in which white testers or examiners have January, 1967. pp. 55-65. deleterious as well as salutary effects oil black people being tested or taught are examined. "For blacks, one of the rules Geismar, Ludwig L. "The results of social work iiitervention: a positive isacquiescence to whites." (p. 910) This is an excellent review of the literature and commentary on the psychologi- case."American Journal of Orthopsychiatry,Vol. 38, No. 3, cal Interplay between the person in authority and his captive April, 1968, pp. 444-$6. audience.

Grosser, Charles, and Sparer, Edward V. Lindaman, Francis C. "Legal services for the poor: social work and social "Staff training and the working relationships of pro- Justice."Social Work, Vol. I I, No. I, January, 1966, pp. viders and consumers in Spanish Harlem." 81-87. Journal of Public Health,Vol. 60, No. 7, July, 1970, pp. 1225-29.

Hahn, Harlan, and Feagin, Joe R. Linn, Lawrence S. "Riot-precipitating police practices: attitudes in urban Verbal Attitudes and Overt Behavior: A Study of Racial ghettos."Pliylon,Summer, 1970, pp. 183-93. Discrimination. Master's Thesis. Madison, University of Wis- Tables. consin, 1964. 55+ leaves. The black community seemed to feel that the tech- Bibliography, tables. niques used by the police were not racially equitable, there seemed to be overriding hostility toward the police. Table 5 is "Perceptions of Socioeconomic and Racial Differences in Marmor, Judd Police Protection in Detroit, 1967." "Social action and the mental health professional." American J urnal of Orthopsychiatry,Vol. 40, April, 1970, pp. 373-74, Harris, Larry "The poverty client looks at the professional."Rehabili- tation Record,January/February, 1969, pp. 27-28. Mayer, John E., ai.d Timms, Noel "Clashinperspective between worker and client." Jolly, C., et al. Social Casework,January, 1969, pp. 32-40. "Research in the delivery of female health care: the recipients'reaction."American Journal ofObstetrical McAvoy, Paul Rayle Gynecology, Vol,110, June 1, 1971, pp. 291-94. Value-Orientations, Social Class, and their Relationship toContinuanceinTreatment.Ph.D.dissertation. Case lorgen,en. Gary Q., et al. Western Reserve University, 1968. 335 pages. Interpersonal Relationships: Factors in Job Pldcement. Salt Lake City. Utah, Regional Rehabilitation Research McKelvey, Troy V., and Swanson, Austin D. Institute, University of Utah, Bulletin No. 3, March, 1968. Urban School Administration.Beverly Hills, Cal., Sage 101 p, Publications, Inc., 1969. 220 p.

59 A. 9. Social Workers / 51

Moles, Oliver Orth, Charles D., and Jacobs, Frederic "Predictinguseofpublicassistance.an empirical Demonstration Project to Design, Develop, and Teach a study." Welfare In Rt1,14h,, November/ December, 1969, pp. Model Health Care Career Program for the Neighborhood 13 -19. Youth Corps. SubmittedtotheU.S..Delft.of Labor, Tables, bibhography. Manpower Administration, Washington, D.C., June 15, 1973. Thisisabrief,excellent,in-depthstudyofthe DistributedbyNational Technical Information Service, mechanics behind welfare accessibility. "The variables used Springfield, Va. 56 p. in this study, which presumably are the circumstances that This paper reports the findings of a 17-month study in dispose some families.to seek and to,get public assistance, are Cambridge, Mass., of 60 persons participating a health care eligibility tactors, knowledge of public assistance, attitudes career training program. Although the cumulative effort of toward public assistance, history, of familypoverty, and the program steered many people into health care careers, length of ,resitit nce in a location." Roughly 1,000 inner-city the study exposed several elements in the program's tech- mothers from Detroit were sampled in 1963. Additionally, niques which Um enrollees did not like., including classroom the city and county records were analyzed as to who had training. received welfare funds prior to 1965. Twenty-eight families who had lived in Detroit two years (long enough to qualify Pe ttigrew, Thomas Fraser for welfare), and who had received welfare for an average of Rattallt Separate or Together' New York, McGraw-11111, 7.25 months, were paired with 28 families, ho had not. The 1971. xxiii, 371 p. tables.present easily-assimilable figures.ale 2 shows, as statistics, the use of public assistance, indicators of initiative, Podell, Lawrence and aspirations and attitudes toward public welfare. Some of "Helphas no structureinthe troubled world of the questions asked were "Opinion of the jobtdone by AFDC welfare." Human Needs, Vol. 1, No. 9, March, 1973, pp. 7-8. or the Detroit Welfare Department," "Able bodied person who refuses a job should not receive assistance," and "Degree Pomeroy, Richard, Yahr, Harold, and Podell, Lawrence of fatalism." (The tri-partite factors asked: "People can , Studies in Public Welfare: Reactions of Welfare Clients actually do very little to change their lives:" "HaVing to to Caseworker Contact. New York, The Center for the Study struggle for what you get in life is the best way to develop of Urban Problems, Graduate Division, Bernard M. Baruch character," and "Except when there is a depression, anydrie, College, The City University of New York. 1969. vii, 67 p. in our country can get a job if he tries.") On page 16, thertki is' Mimeographed. n section which istext and interpretation fbr Table 11, entitled "Attitudes toward public assistance." \ Ring, S.I., and Schein, Lawrence Moore, M.L. "Attitudes toward mental illness and the use of care- "The roleofhostalky and militancy in, indigenous takers in a black community." American Journal of Ortho- community health advisory groups." American Journal of psychiatry, Vol. 40, No. 4, 1970, p. 710 Public Health, Vol. 61, May, 1971, pp. 922-30. \, r Robin, Gerald D. Murphy, John Gerald An Assessment of the In-Public-School Neighborhood A Comparative Analysis ofthe Attitudes of Sochi- Youth Corps Projects in Cincinnati and Detroit, with Special economicallyDeprivedClientstoward Two Treatment Referenceto Summer-OnlyandYear-RoundEnrollees. Modalities. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern Calf- Washington,D.C., Final Report, Manpower Administration, fornia, 1970. 273, pages. U.S. Dept. of Labor, Contract No. 81-40-66-18, February, 1969. 323 p. Murphy, O. Attitudes and Social Characteristics of Vocational Re- Ross, Joe A. I habilitationReferrals.Lexington,Ky.,Universe;of "Influence of expert and peer upon Negro mothers of Kentucky, Bureau of School Service, 1967. low socioeconomic status." Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 89, February, 1973, pp. 70-84. O'Donnell, Edward J., and Chile man, Catherine S. "Poor people on public welfare boards and committees. Russell. R.D. participation in policy-making?" Welfare in Review, May/ "Blackperceptionsofguidance."Personneland June, 1969, pp. 110.29. Guidance Journal, Vol. 48, No. 9, May, 1970. pp. 721-28. Bibliographic footnotes. One of the problems the authors cite is the difficulty Schatz, Bernard and Ebrahimi, Fred the poor experience in the at of participation, because they -Free clink patient characteristics," American Journal have alite-long backlog of feelings of anomie and mar- ofPublic Health, Vol. 62, No. 10, October, 1972, pp. goralay. On page 8 the community reactions to welfare 1354.63. boards are discussed. Also discussed is the problem of the Tables. pctssible spread of negative attitudes throughout the entire Three clinics are reported on. the San I ernando Valley neighborhood, originating from small numbers of people State College Student Health Center, a youth clinic of the from the community actually on the welfare boards "In- Lus Angeles County Ilealth Department, and the Los Angeles creased participation...rests on the principle that active and Free Clink- All of these had a rather louse structure with the effect.veinvolvementin communityaffairsrather than emphasis on treating immediate needs, and :cot on research passive acceptance of adversity may counteract fatalistic and or follow-up. file moral judging of patients was kept to an ahenated life styles," absolute minimum. 52 / A. Attitudes of the Poor..

Sears, D.O. "Black attitudes toward the political system in the aftermath of the Watts insurrections." Midivest Journal of Political Science, Vol. 33, 1969, pp. 515-44.

Sink ler, George The Racial Attitudes of American Presidents, from Abraham Lincoln to Theodore Roosevelt. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, 1971. xii, 413 p. Bibliography.

Walker, Walter.Lorenzo The War, on Poverty and the Poor: A Study of Race, Poverty, and a Program. Ph.D. dissertation. Brandeis Uni- versity, The Florence Heller Graduate School For Advanced Studies In Social Welfare, 1969. 148 pages.

Weber, Robert E. "Feedback and the Job Corps." The Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 37, No. 1, Winter, 1968, pp.,55-61.

Yahr, Harold, and Pomeroy, Richard Studies in Public Welfare: Effects of Eligibility Investi- gation on Welfare Clients. New York, Center for the Study of Urban Problems, The City University of New York. 83 p. Mimeographed.

Yankelovich,.Daniel, Inc. The Community Action Programs: Summary of a Research Report. Prepared for Office of Economic Oppor- tunity, April, 1967. 21 p. Mimeographed.

Zurcher, Louis A., Jr. "Walkiagthetightrope:anexample." In Poverty Warriors: The Human Experience of Planned Social Interven- tion. Austin, Tex., University of Texas Press, 1970. pp. 268-331.

61 A. Attitudes of the Poor

10. Attitudes of the Poor About Miscellaneous Topics: Race, Politics, Legal Aid, Health Care

Aiken, Michael, Ferman, Louis A., and Sheppard, Harold L. Braguglia, Marilyn Hunter, and Roseneranz, Mary Lou "Reflections, perspectives, and policy." In Economic. "A omparison of clothing attitudes and ownership of Failure, Alienation, and Extremism. Ann Arbor, The Uni- Negro and white women of a low socioeconomic status." versity of Michigan Press, 1968. pp. 152-66. Journal of Consumer Affairs,Vol. 2, No, 2, Winter, 1968, pp. 182-87. Alpert, Joel J., et al. "Attitudes and satisfactions of low-ineume families Brim, Orville Gilbert:Jr.. Neulinger, John, and Glass, David receiving comprehensive pediatric care."American Journal of C. PubN.c Health,Vol. 60, No. 3, March, 1970, pp. 499-506. "Exper;ences and attitudes of A meriean adults concerning standardized intelligence tests." Technical Report onthe American Friends Service Committee. Social Consequences ofTesting, No.I, New .York, The "Repressive functions of the criminal justice system." Russell Sage Foundation, 1965. 194 p. In Struggle for Justice: A Report on Crime and Punishment Bibliography. in America. New York, Hill and Wang, 1971. pp. 100-23. Bibliographies. Bullock, Charles S., and Rodgers, Harrell R., Jr. This chapter examines the problems of various minori- BlackPolitical A ttituAs.Implications jorPuhhcal ties,including women, byhistoricallysurveying raeism, Support.ChieagoMarkham Publishing Co., 1972. xi, 203 p. discrimination, and oppression via elitism. A shrewd discus The fourteenuntributors are.Joel D. Aberbaeh, awn of the inequalities to and conditions of prisoners and BonnieBullough, 'RichardL.Enstrom, JoeR.Feagin, public wards, such as welfare mothers, sharply underlines the Ld ward S. Greenberg, Harlan Hahn, M. Kent Jennings, hypocrisy and empty noblesse oblige of the middle class. Kenneth P. Langton, Schley R. Lyons, Jeffrey M. Paige, Harrell' R. Rodgers, Jr., David 0. Sears, George Taylor, Barbosa-Dalsiva, J.F. Nornian C.' Thomas, Jack L. Walker, and Haiold L. Wolman. "Training for change ,n a low ineome group." The [spee,ally well done are the introductions to the sections, Ricky MountainSocial Science Journal,Vol. 3, Nu. I, April, whit ti .ammarize and preview the contributors' work. Full 1966, pp. 164-76. ,bibliOgraphic citations are given.

Barnes, Bernice Cagle, L.T., and Deutscher, I. AttitudesofMinorityandNonminurityStudents "Housing aspirations and housing achievement. the toward Nunskill Aspects of Office Work. Ph.D. dissertation relueation of pour families." Soda/Problems,Vol. 18, f all, in Education. Arizona State University, 1971. 183 pages. 1970, pp. 243-56. Bibliography. Bellin, S.S., and Geiger, H.J. "Theimpact of a neighborhood health center on Cataldo, Everett1., Johnson, Richard M., and Kellstedt, patients' behavior and attitudes relating to health care: a Lyman A. study of a low income housing projeet."Medlial Care,Vol. Political Attitudes of the Urban Poor. Some Imphea- 10, May/June, 1972, pp. 224-39. tionsfor Policy Makers. Presented atthe 1968 Annual Meeting ofthe American Political Science Association, Blaylock, Jerry Washington, D.C., September 2-7, 1968. Buffalo, available "Thepsychological andculturalinfluences, on the from the authors at the State University of New York. 14 p. reaction to pain; a review of the literature."NursingTorum, Vol. 7, No 3, 1968, pp. 262-73. Cohen, Nathan, editor The Los Angeles Riots: A Socio-Psychological Study. Bowling, George St. Clair New York, Praeger Publishers, 1970. 742 p. The Effects of Instructional Programs on Knowledge See annotation in A-8-b. about Medicare and Attitudes Towards Proposed Social Programs. Ph.D. dissertationinEducation. BostonUni- Cohen, Rosalie versity, School of Education, 1970.'182 pages. Implications for "Culture Conflict" from a Semantic

62 53 54 / A. Attitudes of the Poor

Feature Analysis of the Lexicon of the Hard Core Poor. IFerman, Louis A., Kornbluh, Joy ce L., and Haber, Alan, Pittsburgh, Learning Research and Development Center, \!ditors University of Pittsburgh, Spring, 1967. 15 p. Poverty in America. Ann Arbor, Mich., The University Muneograpbed. of Michigan Press,.1965. 532 p.

Coles, Robert Gibson, William M. "The poor don't want to be middle-class." The ;Veit "Rural poverty in the Northeast." The University of York Tunes Magazine, December 19, 1965, 1+ p. Kansas Law Review, Vol. 15, No. 4, May, 1967, pp. 469-86.

Committee on Housing Research and Development. Goekjian, Grace Seasc Activities and Attitudes of Public Housing Residents. The Fear of Lxtermination. An Ily pothesis of Minority Rotktord, Illinois. Champaign, Ill., University of Illinois at . Group\Behavior. Ph.D. dissertation. Michigan State Univer- Urbana-Champaign, 1971.92 p. sity, 1972. 192 pages.

Contort', J.M. Goering, John M., and Coe, Rodney M. "Attitudes toward health and health care facilities "Cultural versus situational explanations of the medical among low-income youth." Social Scicncc Quarterly, Vol. behavior of the,poor." Social Science. Quarterly, Vol. 15, No. 50, No. 3, 1969, pp. 687-93. 2, September, 1970, pp. 309 -19.

Davis, Claud Neal Gottlieb, David Perceptions of ,Racial Dimensions in Higher Education "Poor youth. a study in forced alienation." Journal (4. Held by Black and White Freshmen at Elmhurst College. Social Issues, Vol. 25, No. 2, 1969, pp. 91-120. Ph.D. dissertation. Kansas City, University of Missouri, 1970.. 274 pages, Guttmacher, S., and Elinson, J. "Ethno-religious variation in perceptions of illness: the Dentler, Robert A. use of illness as an explanation for deviant behavior." Social Community Attitudes in Bedford-Stuyvesant. An Area Science Medicine, Vol. 5, April, 1971, pp. 117-25. Study. New York. Center for Urban Education. June, 1968. Harris, Helena Dickson, S. "Development of moral attitudes in white and Negro "Class attitudes to dental treatment." British Journal of boys." Developmental Psychology, Vol. 2, No. 3, 1970, pp. Sociology, Vol. 19, June, 1968, pp. 206-11. 376-83. Reply: McKinlay, J.V. "Reply with rejoinder," British Journatof Sociology, Vol. 20. March, 1969, pp. 85-89. Helmreich, William B. -;v "Black Crusaders." In the sequence Race, Sex and Edgerton, J. Wilbert, and Bentz, W. Kenneth Gangs. Society, Vol. 11, No. 1, November/December, 1973. "Attitudes and 'opinions of rural people about mental pp. 44-50. illness and program services." Amcrian Journal of Pubis, The author examines the political and social activities Health, Vol. 59, No. 3, March, 1969, pp. 470-77. of the Black Crusaders, slum dwellers (average age,17) who banded together for mutual advantage from August, Erlanger, Howard S. 1968, to January, 1969, in an unidentified city of one million On the Incidence and Consequences of the Use of inthe midwest. Attitudes toward the police and toward Corporal Punishment in Child Rearing. A Critique. Madison, whites are discussed on pages 47-50. Two of the goals were Wis., The University of Wisconsin, Institute for Research on to get more blacks off drugs and to keep them out of the Poverty, Discussion Paper No. 140-72, 1972. 50 leaves. armed forces. Tables. Parents exhibit a certain amount of class distinction in Henry, Jules their use of physical discipline such as spanking. The author "White people's time, colored people's time." Trans- uses race, religion, education, and other factors to break Action, Vol. 2, No 3 1965. 6 p. down his data statistically. "The limitations of the data on attitudes are obvious, and the relationship between reported Bowe, Irving attitudes and actual behavior is problematic." (p. 15) "Nixon's dreamand black, reality." Dissent, Vol. 16, No. 2, March/April, 1969, pp. 101:7. Fabrt, Horacio, Jr., et al. ..ow income medical problem patimts: some medical and behavioralfeatures." Journal of Health and Social lsajiw, Wsevolod W.; Steward, Don R.; and Ilartmann, Behavior, Vol. 10, No. 4, December, 1969, pp. 334-43. Norbert J. "Attitudes in the Inner-Core Area of Detroit." Ontario, abrega, !foram, Jr., and Roberts, R.E. Canada, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Univer- "Social-psychological correlates of physician use by sitycf Windsor, June, 1969, Available from the United economically disadvantaged Negro urban residents." Medical States Employment Service, U.S. Dept. of Labor, Wash- Care, Vol, 10. May/June, 1972. pp. 215-23. ington, D.C. 95 p. Flood, Lawrence Garis Jacob, Herbert Voting in Primary Llections. The Case of Hillsborough, "Black and white perceptions of justice in the city." North Carolina. Ph.D. dissertation.Universityof North Law and Society Review, Vol. 6, No. I, August, 1971. pp. Carolina, 1970. 69-89. 63 A. 10. Miscellaneous Topics / SS

Jacobs, Daniel, et al. Lukoff, Irving F.; Quatrone, Debra; and Sardell, Alice "Preparationfurtreatmentofthedisadvantaged Some Aspects of the Epidemiology of Heroin Use in patienteffects on disposition and outcome." Amerman Ghetto Community. A PreliminaryReport. Washington, Journal of Orthopsychiatry, Vol. 42, No. 4, July, 1972, pp. D.C., National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal 666-74. Justice, July, 1972. Tables. - Jeffe rs, Camille The sample area of this well-writtenreport was the Piing Poor. Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor Publishers, 1907. Bedford-Stuyvesant;Fort Greene section in Brooklyn. "In 123 p. the final sample, 53 percent were female and 47 percent male, which conformswith the 1970 Census proportions for Kimmel, Paul R. this area. Blacks from the British West Indies, blacks, Puerto IdentificationandModificationoftheSocial- Ricans, and whites are all represented in the Lommunity Psychological Correlates of Economic Dependency. U.S. surveyed." Dept. of Health, Education, and.Welfare, Welfare Administra- tion, Project 199. March, 1966. 77 p. Lyons, Schley R. Mimeographed. CitizenAttitudesand MetropolitanGovernment. Charlotte, N.C., University of North Carolina, Institute for Kolodny, Robert Urban Studies and Community Service, 1972. 87 p. Study of LowIncome Cooperative Housing Conversion Malone, Charles A. in New York City (Interim Report). Prepared under contract Child Psychiatric Services in an Urban Slum. Presented with The Borough Improvement Board of Manhattan. New atthe American Psychiatric Association's Fifth Biennial York. UnitedNeighborhood Houses, August,1972. 56 Div.isional Meeting of the New York State District Branches leaves. Workshop, November 17, 1967. 22 p. Tables. Meier, A., and Rudwick, E. Koontz, Elizabeth Duncan "Attitudes of Negro leaders toward the American labor Address before the Northern Virginia Conference on movement from the Civil War to World War 1," In The Negro Household Employ ment, April 14, 1969. Washington, D.C., and the American Labor Movement, J. Jacobson, editor. New U.S. Dept. of Labor, Office of Information. 8 p. York, Doubleday, 1968. pp. 27-48.

Kuvlesky, William P. Miller, Walter B. Perceptions of Military Service as a Mobility Factor. "Focal concerns of lower-class culture." In Poverty in Comparison of Youth from Disadvantaged Areas. College America, Louis A. Ferman, Joyce L. Kornbluh, and Alan Station, Tex., A & M University, 1970.31 p. Haber, editors. Ann Arbor, The University of Michigan Press, 1965. pp. 261-70. Lamer, Jeremy . "Initiation for Whitey: notes on poverty and riot." Morrison, Denton E., and Phillips, Patricia Dissent, November/December, 1967, pp. 692-700. A Silent Minority: A Research Feasibility Probe of Discontent among the Rural Poor. East Lansing, Mich., Rural Legler, D.W., May hall, C.W., Bradley, E.L., Jr. Manpower Center, Report No. 13, Michigan State University, "Behavioralcharacteristicsofdisadvantagedadult March, 1970.23 p. patients." Journal of Public Health Dentistry, Vol. 32, Winter; 1972, pp. 15-21. Mullins, Martha Attitudes Toward Multidimensional Physical Activity as Levine, Felice J., and Preston, Elizabeth a Function of Race, Sex, and Socio-Economic Level. Ph.D. "Community resource orientation ainu4 low income dissertation. The Florida State University, 1969. 134 pages. groups." Wisconsin Law Review, 1970, No. 1, pp. 80-113. Murphy, Raymond J., and Watson, James W. Lilienfeld, D. "The structure of discontent: the relationship between "Mental health information and moral values of lower social structure, grievance, and riot support." In The Los class psychiatric clinic patients." Journal of Social Psychi- Angeles Riots. A Sucio-Psychological Study, Nathan Cohen, atry, Vol. 15, i 960, pp. 264 -76. editor. New York, Praeger Publishers, 1970. pp. 140-257. Linn, L. O'Donnell, Edward J., and Chileman, Catherine S. "Social 1. hanttentsti,s and patient expectations towards "Poor people on public welfare boards and committees. hospitalization." Archives of General Psychiatry, Vul. 20, participation in policy-making?" Welfare m Review, Vol. 7, 1969, pp. 457-69. No. 3, May/June, 1969, pp. 1-10+ Litro, Robert Frank Overall, B., and Aronson, H. Relationships Between the Soual Position of High "Expectations of psychotherapyin patients of low School Students and their Consumer Attitudes and Under- socioeconomic. class." American Journal ufOrthapsychiatry, standings. Ph.D. dissertation. The University of Connecticut, Vol. 33, 1963, pp. 421-30. 1969. 149 pages. Petrof, John V. Luby, Elliot D., and Hedegard, James "Attitudes of the urban poor toward their neighbor- "A study of civil disorder in Detroit." William and Mary hood supermarkets." Phylon, Vul. 31, No. 3, Fall, 1970, pp. Law Review, Vol. 10, No. 3, Spring, 1969, pp. 586.630. 290-301. 561 A. Attitudes 01 the

Ray, Genevieve Sommers, Montrose S., and Bruce, Grady D. "Rap two. Anglo's Last Harlem." VISTA lulunteer, `Blacks, whites, and products. relative deprivation and Vol. 5, No, 5, July, 1969, pp. 12-20. reference group behavior." Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 49, No. 3, December, 1968, pp. 631-42. Redlich,,F.; Hollingshead, A.; and Bettis, E. "Social class differences, in attitudes towards psychi- Suttles,Geiald D. atry." American Journal oj Orlhopsyehialry, Vol. 25, 1955, "Anatomy of a Chicago slum," Trans At-non, Vol. 6, p. 60. No. 4, February, 1969, pp. 16-25.

Ribich, Thomas Tabb, David Hirsh Education and Pokertj, Chapters 1-5. Washington, D.C., Attitudes toward Economic Equality in the South. A The Brookings Institution, 1968, pp. 1-99, Study of the Political Ideology of the Poor. Ph.D. dissertation. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina, 1969. 17S Robertson, Leon S., et al. pages. "Race, status and medical care." Phy ion, Vol. 28, No. 4, Winter, 1967, pp. 353-60. Triplett, J.L. "Characteristics and peiceptions of low-income women Rokeaeli, Milton. and Parker, Seymour and use of preventive health services. an exploratory study." "Values as social indicators of poverty and rake rela- Nursing Research, Vol. 19, Nlareli/Aprd, 1970, pp. 140-46. tions in America." The Annals of the American Academy of Pohtical and Social Science. Vol. 388, March, 1970, pp. Van Dinter, Norbert Robert 97-111. The Relationship Between Sports Participation, Atti- tudes TowardSports, Social-Economic Status, and the Roper, Elmo and Associates, New York. Self- Concepts of Male Problem Youth. Ph.D. dissertation in A StudyofVeterans'Attitudes toward Veterans' Education. Universityof Northern Colorado, 1970. 201 ,Benefits, Prepared for the National Civil Service League. New pages. York, National Civil Service. League, 1954. 155 p. Weller, Jack E. Roper Research Associates, Inc. A Profile of the Appalachian Family. Presented at the Summary ReportuttiStudy the Problems of Southern Regional Edileation Board Seminar on Appalachia, Rehabilitation for the Disabled. Washint on, D.C., U.S. Dept. June, 1968. Morgantown, W. Va., Cooperative Extension of Health, Education, and Welfare, &mai and Rehabilitation Service, West Virginia University, July, 1968. 22 p. Service. 51 p. Wertzer, Fred Rossi, Pete; H., and Blum, Zahava D. The Effectof a Shared Stress Situation on Racial Class, Status and Poverty. Baltimore, Md., The Center Attitudes. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Columbia Univer for the Study of Social Organization of Schools, Report No, sity, 1971. 156 pages. 15. The Johns Hopkins University, March, 1968. 41 p. Youmans, E. Grant; Grigsby, S.E.; and King, IL Savage, Eldon Paul "Social change, generation, and race," Rural Sociology, An Ecological Study of a Low Socioeconomic Neigh- Vol. 34, No. 3, September, 1969, pp. 305-12. borhood. Ph.D. dissertation. The University of Oklahoma, 1967, Ann Arbot, Mich., University Microfilms. 87 pages. Zigler, Edward Social Class and the Socialization Process: A Review of Schorr. Alvin L. Research. New York, ERIC Information Retrieval Center on Slums and So.ial Inseeurity, U.S. Dept. of Health, the Disadvantaged, Tea.tiers ;College, Columbia Univeasity, Education, and Welfare, Social Security Administration, October, 1968. 51 p. Division of Research and Statistic', Research Report No. 1. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1963. 168 p.

Semple, R.B. Negroes in a Poll Ask for More Police.O riginally in The New York Times, September 4, 1966. Cited iq Task Force: The Police. U.SPresident's Commission onL'awEnforce- ment and the Administration of Justice. Washiniton, D.C., U S. Government Printing Office, 1967. 148 p.

Siff, Hilda "Use of credit unions by low-income groups." Welfare in Review, Vol. 3, No. 3, March, 1965, pp. 18-19.

Smith, Jan Stuart Social Status, Status Inconsistency, and Political In- volvement. Ph.D. dissertation. Princeton University, 1971. 266 pages. 65 A. Attitudes of the Poor

11. Attitudes of the Poor Toward Family Planning and Birth Control

Blake, Robert R., et al. have more children." Beliefs and Attitudes about Contraception among the Family Pin,..ting Digest, Vol. 2, No. 6, November, 1973, Poor. Chapel Hill, N.C., Carolina Population Center, Univer- pp. 1-2. sity of North Carolina, August, 1969. 38 p. Prof. Glen Cain reported on the effects of an experimental pilot run over a three-year periOd in New Jersey and De Jong, Gordon F. Pennsylvania by the Institute ft:: Research on Poverty at the Appalachian FertilityDeehneA Demographic and University of Wisconsin. The sixth, eighteenth, and thirtieth Soesoi'ogteal Ana:ysis. Lexington, University of Kentucky months, of a project involving negative income tax in which Press, 1968. 138 p, . payments were made to 725 families (53 percent of the total involved) revealed no significant rise in birth rates. At the Fawcett, James T., editor University of Illinois, Profs. JulianL. and Rita J. Simon did a The Satisfactions and Costs of Children. Theories, series of telephone surveys with 220 households from Illinois Com.epts, Methods. A Summary Report and Proceedings of end 409 across the nation elsewhere. The people polled The Work,hop un Assessment of the Satisfactions and Costs were given two by puthetical situations, one of whi. h was of Children, held at The East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, "Would you have more children if you were to be given. April 27-29,1972. Honolulu, Hawau, East West Center, dollars by the government for every child after two?" In this 1972. iv, 324 p. case, stipends from S25 to 5300 were used as enticements. Yettluanswers indicated that very few would be interested. Furstenburg, Frank F.,\Jr. "Attitudes toward abortion among young blacks (Based Jaffe, F.S., and Polgar, S. on a study of 300 young Negro women in Baltimore, Md.)." "Family planning and public poliLv. is tic culture of Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 3, April, 1972, pp. 66-69. povertythe new cop-out?" Journal of illarriage and the Family, Vol. 30, May, 1968, pp. 228-35. Gallagher, Martin Paul A Study of the Health Attitudes of a Lower Socio- Johnson, Betty economic Urbanized Negro Population in Relation to the Use "The unwed AFDC mother and child welfare services." ur Nun-Use of a Local Health Centel. Ph.D. dissertation. St. In The Double JacipardY, The Triple CrisisIllegitimacy Louis University, 1966. Today, by the National Council on Illegitimacy. New York, National Council on Illegitimacy, 1969. pp. 83-90. Harkavy, Oscar; Jaffe, Frederick S.; and Wishik, Samuel M. "Family planning and public policy: who is misleading Lees, Hannah whom?" &fence, Voi. 165, July 25, 1969, pp. 367-73. "The Negro responses to birth control." The Reporter, Vol. 34, No. 10, May 19, 1966, pp. 46-48. Hill, Adelaide Cromwell, and Jaffe, Frederick S. "Negro fertility and tamily Mu preferences. imphca- Maranell, Gary M., Dodder, Richard A., and Mitchell, David tions for programming of health and social services." In The F. Negro American, Kenneth B. Clark and Talcutt Parsons, "Social class and premarital sexual permissiveness. a editors. Boston, Beacon Press, The Daedalus Library, 1967. subsequent test.'''Journal of Marriage and the family, Vol. pp. 205-24. 32, No. 1, February, 1970, pp. 85-88.

11111, Rueben; Stycos, J. Mayone; and Back, Kurt Obordo, Angelita S. The Family and Population Control A Puerto Rican Status Orientations toward Family Development. A Experiment in Sueial Change. Chapel Hill, N.C., Lniversity of Racial Comparison of Adolescent Girls from Low-Income North Carolina Press, 1959. Rural Areas. College Station, Tex., Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Sociology, A & M University, January, 1968. "Income maintenance experiment did not spur families to 99 p.

66 57 58 / A.AimuPdes of the Poor

Parmee, Leila K. Talbot, Sylvia Evadncy Ross Perception of Personal-Social Problems by Students of An Inquiry into the Knowledge of Selected Aspects of Different Ethnic Backgrounds. Ph.D. dissertation. University Conception and Contraception of a Group of Unmarried, of Arizona. 1966. Pregnant Negro Girls Sixteen Years of Age and Under. Ph.D. dissertation. Columbia University, 1969. Podell, Lawrence "Fertility, illegitimacy and birth control." Families on Welfare in New York City, Preliminary Report No. 6. New York, The Center for Social Research, Graduate Center, The City University of New York, January 31, 1968. 32 p.

Pope, Hallowell "Negro-white differences in decisions regarding illegitimate children." Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 31, No. 4, November, 1969, pp. 756.64.

Radin, N., and Glaser, P. "Utility of the parental attitude research in instrument for intervention programs with low-income families." Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 34, August, 1972, pp. 448-58. Bibliography.

Rainwater, Lee FamilyRoles,. Family SizePreferences and Family Plan-iiing Effectiveness. Prepared for Symposium on Psy- chologicalResearch on Birth and PopulationControl. American Psychological Association.Los Angeles, Cal., September 5, 1964. 20 p.

Rainwater, Lee The Problem of Lower Class Culture and Poverty War Strategy. Washington University, September, 1967.Occa- sional Paper No. 34. 64 p.

Riessman, Catherine Kohler "Birthcontrol,culture, andthepoor." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, Vol. 38, No. 4, July, 1968, pp. 693-99. Rosenberg, Bernard, and Bensman, Joseph "Sexual patternsinthree ethnic' subcultures in an American underclass." The Annals of the American Academy of Political "u: Sw..ial Science, Vol. 376, March, 1968, pp. 61-75. Rosengren, William R. "Social status, attitudes toward pregnancy, and child- bearing attitudes." Social baces, Vol. 41, No. 2, December, 1962, pp. 127-34. Siegel, Earl, et al. Determinants of lnvolnment of the Poor in Public Family Planning Programs. Final Report. Chapel Hill, N.C., NorthCarolinaUniversity,SchoolofPublicHealth, FJbruary, 1970. 292 p.

Shapiro, Pauline C. "Large families and family planning." Eugenics Review, December, 1967, pp. 257-62.

Stycos, J. Mayone, and Back, Kurt. The Family and Population Control A Puerto Rican Experiment in Social Change. Reported at the International Data Library and Reference Service-Survey Research Center. Berkeley, Cal., University of California, 1954. 67 A. Attitudes of the Poor

12. Attitudes of the Poor Toward Other Classes

Boggs, James Mager, Robert F. "A Black view of the white worker." New Generation, Developing Attitude Toward Learning. Palo Alto, Cal. Vol. 51, No. 2, Spring, 1969, pp 10-14. Fearon, 1970. 112 p.

Brager, George Morgan, D.R. - The Low-Income Non-Professional. An Overview of his "Community social rank and attitudes toward suburban Role in the Program. New York City Mobilization for Youth, nving." Sociology and Social Rs...search, Vol. 55, July, 1971, 1964. 17 p. pp. 401-13. Fox, D.J., and Jordan, U.B. "Racialpreferenceandidentificationofblack, Record, Wilson American Chinese, and white children." Genetic Psychologi- Minority groups and intergroup in the San cal Monographs, Vol. 88, November, 1973, pp. 229-86. Francisco Bay Area. Berkeley, Cal., University of California, s 'Institute of Governmental Studies, 1963. 48 p. Ilammond, Boone Edward From "Intergroup Conflict and Social Action Move- TheContestSystem. A SurvivalTechnique. Un- ments," on pages 32-45. "Negro attitudes toward Bay Area published Master's Thesis. St. Louis, Mu.. Department of Chinese and Japanese are not improved by the claim, often Sociology-Anthropology, Washington University, December, by white public officials, that Oriental crime and delin- 1965. 44 pages. . quency rates are low, whereas those of Negroes are exceed- ingly high." (p. 34). Johnson, Edward E. "Social perceptions and attitudes."In Comparative Studies of Blacks and Whites in the United States, Kent S. Rose, Peter I. Miller and Ralph Mason Dreger, editors. New York, Seminar They and We: Race Relations in the U.S. New York, Random (louse, 1964. xi, 177p. Press. 1973. pp. 375-403. Thisisa major article whichisdividedintothe followingtopics:"AttitudeDevelopment and Change," Segalman, Ralph "Interrelationships Between Attitudes dnd Perceptions.** "Dramatis personae of the community action program. "I he Influence of Cultural Values and Beliefs," "Class and a'built-in'conflictsituation." Rocky Mountain Social Ethnic Groups Comparisons." "Intergroup Relationships," Science Journal, Vol. 4, No. 2, 0c:ober, 1967, pp. 140-50. "Studies Involving Methodological Issues," and "Concluding Comments." Thereisthe usual thorough review of the Thomson. LilliaA literature Willa is common to all Jiapters in this Miller and Urban Need in Canada, 1965. A Case Report un the Dreger cunt:awn, and there are referen,es which lead the Problems of Families in four Canadian Cities, Section H, St. serious researcherintu mansareas of attitudeeseardi Juhn. Ottawa, Ontario, Canadian Welfare Council, November involving races. including political, educational, and social 15, 1965. 112 arenas. Tomlinson, T.M. Jonas, S. "Determinants of black politics: riots and the growth "Community and mmonty grouprelations:"Yale of militancy." Psychiatry, Vol. 33, No. 2, May, 1970. pp. Journal of Biological Med:cin% Vol. 44, August, 1971, pp. 247-64. 172-76,

I yford, Joseph Treudley, Mary B.- Notes on the Inner City. Santa Barbara, Cal., Center for "An ethnic group's view of the American middle class." the Study of Democratic Institutions, March 23. 1965, 11 p. American Sociological Review, Vol. 1 1, December, 1946, pp. Mimeographed. 715-24. 68 / 59 60 / A. Attitude% of the Poor

Vaughan, Ted R. **The landlord-tenant relation in a low-income area." ,, Social Problems, Vol. 16, No. 2, Fall, 1969, pp. 208-18.

Zurcher, Louis A., Jr. "The leader and the lost: a case study of indigenous leadership in a poverty program community action committee." Genetic Psychology Monographs, Vol. 76, No. 1, 1967, pp. 23-93.

69 A. Attitudes of the Poor

13. Attitudes of the Poor About Antipoverty Programs

Brecher, Sally L.; Kilguss, Anne F.; and Stewart, Dorothy H. Kolm, Richard "The partiopants' view of an antipoverty program." "Melting pot, pluralism, and the new ethnicity." Wash- Social Casework, Vol. 49, No. 9, November, 1968, pp. ington, D.C., The National Center for Urban Ethnic Affairs, 537-40. 8 p. References. Edgley, Charles K.; Steglich, W.G.; and Cartwright, Walter J. "Rent subsidy and housing satisfaction:the case of Nellum, A.J., and Associates, in cooperation with the Office urban renewal in Lubbock, Texas." The American Journal oj of Housing Programs, District of Columbia Government. Economics and Sociology, Vol. 27, No. 2, April, 1968, pp. Youth Action /to Improve Housing: A Demonstration in 113-23. Maintenance Training in the District of Columbia. Washing- Gurin, Gerald ton, D.C., District! of Columbia Office of Housing Programs, A National Attitude Study of Traineesin MDTA April, 1973. 56 pi Institutional Programs. Ann Arbor, Mich., University of Newspaper facsihiles. Michigan, Institute for Social Research, August, 1970. 258 p. Podell, Lawren e Handler, Joel F., and Hollingsworth, Ellen Jane The Atti udes Towards Social Services of Mothers on "The administration of welfare budgets. th ,,ews of Welfare. New York, The Human Resources Administration, AFDC recipients." Human Resources, Vol. 5, No. 2, Spring, Dept. of Soc01 Services, n.d. 38 p. 1970, pp. 208-2i. Tables. Working from interviews of welfare mothers from one Herman, Melvin, and Sadofsky, Stanley neighhorhood in Bronx County, New York, Podell attempts Study of the Meaning, Experience, and Effects of the to find out the salient characteristics of these women that Neighborhood Youth Corps on Negro Youth Who Are seemed to have a bearing on many of their attitudes, such as: Seeking Work. Part IV. Responses to the Neighborhood how thpy perceived the Department of Welfare; how they Youth Corps assignment, three months after termination by viewed /welfare workers; what effect checks on their eligi- Negro young adults who were enrolled in the Neighborhood bility as welfare recipients had on them; how the effect of Youth Corps for less than three months. New York, New their having social services delivered to them was perceived; York University, Centerforthe S:udy of Unemployed and, in the present social services system, how deficiencies Youth, March, 1968. 246 leaves. and anticipations for the future were perceived. Forty-four The 119 tables involve questionnaires given to 412 tables illustrate the questions asked of the welfare recipients, youths who had been with the Corps for at least three with answers given in statistical form broken down into months. Section VIII: "The Effect of Enrollment on the Puerto Rican, Negro, and white. Non-Work Life of the Enrollee," includes sections on family attitudes toward respondent's New York City assignments and attitudes toward having steady jobs, Section IX. "Self- Robinson, Jolly, Paul, Susanne, and Smith, Gloria Esteem and Work Attitudes of the Terminees;" Section X: Project Second Start: A Study of the Experience of a "The Job Supervisors' View of the Enrollees." Groupof Low-Income Women in Adult Programs at Brooklyn College. Sea Cliff, N.Y., Project Second Start, Kahn, Herman March, i 973.308 p. "A eontext and summary for a study of some ham, The researchers interviewed women with families and issues of poverty, and -Nutt on orientations towards work loads who were returning to sellout in evening Masses at poverty." In The Future of Amerh.an Poverty. Some Bash.. Brooklyn College, and investigated the status of those not 1,,suesinEvaluating AlternativeAnti-PovertyMeasures. able to get to the evening Masses due to ,unflias. The study Cr utun-On-lludsvn, N.Y., Hudson Institute, Inc., April 15, presents the attitudes of the .hildren of these mothers, and 1968. Available from Clearinghtiue for Federal Soentifk. more importantly, the self - perceptions of the women them- and Tech nical Information. Springfield, Va. pp. 1-18+ selves.

70 61 62 / A. Attitudes of the Poor

Studies in Public Welfare Series prepared for the use of the Subcommittee on Fiscal Policy of the Joint Economic Committee of Congress. Washington,D.C.,U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice, 1972-1974. See annotation in B-I .

Tumin, Melvin W. Desegregation Resistances and Readiness. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, 1958. 270 p.

Williams, J. Allen, Jr. "The effects of urban renewal on a black community." Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 50, No. 3, December, 1969, pp. 703-12. Wingert, W.A.; Grubbs, J.P.; and Friedman, D.B. "Why Johnny's parents don't read: an analysis of indigentparents'comprehensionofhealtheducation materials." Clinical Pediatrics (Philadelphia), Vol. 8, Novem- ber, 1969, pp. 655-60.

71 A. Attitudes of the Poor

14. Attitudes of Disadvantaged Youth

Ausubel, David P., and Ausubel, Pearl Greenberg, Edward S. Ego development among segregated Negro children." "Orientations of black and white children to political In Education in Depressed Areas, Harry Passow, editor. New authotity figures." Social Science Quarterly,_al. Si, No. 3, York, Bureau of Publications, Columbia University, 1963. December, 1970, pp. 561-71. pp. 109-41. Tables.

Bender, Lloyd D. Gruber, Murray "Congruence between aspirations and capabilities of "The nonculture of poverty among black youths." youth in a low-income rural area." Rural Sociology, Septem- Social Work, Vol. 17, No. 3, May, 1972, pp. 50-58. ber, 1967, pp. 278-89. Over 100 young blacks living in Cleveland participated; fifty-six percent were from families having one absent parent. Benjamin, Rommel One familiarcharacteristic sharedin common was their Conceptions of the Male Familial Role by Black Male unrealistically high level of aspiration and achievement. Youth. Ph.D. dissertation. Mississippi State University, 1971. 139 pages. Gurin, Gerald Inner-City Negio Youth in a Job Training Project: A Berg, Marlowe Jean Study of Factors Related to Attrition and Job Success: Final A Comparison of tlEffects of Information and the Effects of Contact on Children's Attitudes Toward Other report to U.S. Dept. of Labor, Manpower Administration and U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Cultural Groups. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Minnesota, of Michigan, 1970. 141 pages. Education. Ann Arbor, Mich., University InstituteforSocialResearch, Survey Research Center, December, 1968. ix, 146 p. Bernstein, Saul. Tables, bibliography. Alternatives to Violence' Alienated Youth and Riots, This clearly-written document uses off-beat observa- Race and Poverty. New York, Association Press, 1967 192 tions on the background of young inner-city Negro workers p. to trace the problems of people attempting to help them, and Bibliography: pp. 187 -92. The author interviewed youth in several U.S. big city the problems of young Negroes looking for jobs. "In the centers such as Los Angeles, Washington, and Chicago, in an literatureof surveyresearch, educational backgroundis probably the factor which has shown the most consistent and efforttodisclosetheirreasons for alienation, andto enunciate stances on such problems as poverty and race. striking relationship with a person's attitudes and behavior." Table11(p. 25) is "Relation of Staff Position to Staff Attitudes and Values: Male Staff," which contains a numeri- Bradford, David Lee Attitudes Among cal breakdown of those accepting Protestant ethic values, and TheFormationof Achievement of those believing civil rights activities aid Negroes. Also Lower-Class Negro Youth. Ph.D. dissertation. University of graphed here is the amount of influence the job trainees Michigan, 1966. should have in the program. Briar, Scott. and Pihavin; Irving "Delinquency, situational inducements, and commit- Hallahan, Michael Francis ment to conformity." Social Problems, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. Disadvantaged Male Graduates' Opinions of High School 35-44. Education as Related to Individual Goals. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Los Angeles, University of California, 1969. Gottlieb, David 210 pages. Pool Youth Do Want to be Middle Class, but It's Not Easy. Paper delivered at the Sixty-First Annual Meeting of Harris, Helena the American Sociological Association. Miami Beach, Fla., The Development of Moral Attitudes in White and August 30, 1966. Negro Boys, Ph.D. dissertation. Columbia University, 1967.

72 63 64 / A. Attitudes of the Pour

Jackson, Willie Fred Miller, Walter B. Relationship of Socio-Economic Level of Negro High "Lower class culture as a generating milieu of gang School Students to Occupational Choice, Educational Aspira- delinquency."Journal of Social Issues,Vol. 14, July, 1958, tion, and Attitudes. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. The pp. 5-19. ----Pinnsylvania State University, 1969. I 29 -pay.s. Porter, Judith Jessor, R., et al. Black ChildWhite Child: The _Pevelopment of Racial "Perceivedopportunity,alienation,anddrinking Attitudes.Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1971. behavior among Italian and American youth."Journal of xi, 278 p. Personality and Social RsIchology,Vol.15,1970, pp. Bibliography: pp. 265-73, illustrations. 215-1/. Poussaint, Alvin F., and Atkinson, Carolyn 0. Kandell, Alice Susan "Negro youth and psychological motivation."htEdu- Harlem Children's Stories. A Study of Expectations of cating the Disadvantaged. School Year 1968-1969, Allan C. Negro and Puerto Rican Buss in Two Reading-Level Groups. Ornstein, editor. New York, AMS Press, 1970. pp. 57 id. Ph.D. dissertation. Harvard University, 1967.184 pages. Rodgers, Ilarrell R., Jr., and Taylor, George Kuvlesky, William P., and Pelham, John T. "Pre-adult attitudes towardlegal compliance: notes "Place of residence projections of rural youth. a racial toward a theory." SocialScience Quarterly, Vol. S1, No. 3, comparison."Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 51,No. 1, June, December, 1970, pp. 539-51. 1970, pp. 166-76. Tables:

Ladd, Florence C. Rosenberg, Marvin "Research Report. black youths view their environ- An Experiment to Change Attitudes of Powerlessness ments. some views of housing."Juurn..1 of the American Among Low-Income Negro Youth. Cleveland, Ohio, Case Institute of Planners,Vol. 38, No. 2, March, 1972, pp. WesternReserveUniversity, School of AppliedSocial 108-16. Science, June,.1968.156 p.

Lockwood, Jane Durand Sadofsky, Stanley, and Merman, Melvin An Examination of Scholastic Achievement, Attitudes, A Study of the Meaning, Experience, and Effects of the andHume:BackgroundFactorsofSixth-GradeNegro Neighborhood Youth Corps on Negro Youth Seeking Work. Students in Balanced and Unbalanced Schools. Ph.D. disser- A Summary of Major Findings. New York, New York tation. University of Michigan, 1966. University Graduate School of Social Work, Center for Study of the Unemployed, May, 1968.47 p. Marshall, C.L., et al. Phase 1, on pages 10-16, "Work Attitudes, Self-Image "Attitudes toward health among children of different and the Social and Psychological Background of Work- races and socioeconomic status."Pediatrics, Vo'.46, Se -item- Seeking Negro Young, then in New York City," includes: ber, 1970, pp. 422-26. attitudes toward work, the self esteem of the Negro job applicant, the applicant's view of his family, and the relation of age and educational levels to attitudes. Other attitudinal Maruyana, M. study material is found in: "Attitudes toward the intake "Yellowyouth'spsychologicalstruggle."Mental Hygiene. Vol. 55, July, 1971, pp. 382-90. centers," on page 17; and in the appendix: "Self esteem and work attitude scores," on page 47. Mathieson, Moira B., and Tatis, Rita M., compilers Understanding Disadvantaged Youth: Their Problems Schab, F. and Potentials, an annotated bibliography. Washington, D.C., "Adolescence in the South: a comparison of white and ERIC Clearinghouse on Teacher Education, 1970.22 p. Negro attitudes about home, school, religion, and morality." Adolescence,Vol. 3, No. 9,1968, pp. 33-38. McDowell, Sophia F. "Patterns of preference by Negro youth for /white and Schmalzried, Beverly Lynn Negro associates."Phylon,Fall, 1971, pp. 290-301. The Relationship of Anxiety to the Educational and Tables. Vocational Aspirations of Lower-Class Adolescent Males. Ph.D. dissertation. The Florida State University, 1967. Mitchell, George Pm Somebody Important. Young Black Voices from Smith, Mary Brinda Rural Georgia.Urbana. III., The University of Illinois Press, Effects of Motivation on the Level of Aspiration of 1973. x11,242 p. Disadvantaged Negro Boys. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Photographs. University of Southern Mississippi, 1972.140 pages. In their own words, young blacks divulge their life views. in resronse tri questions such as "Do you think black Soares, A.T., and Soares, L.M. women ur Ltd+ ,men arc more afraid of white people!" and A Comparative Study of the Self-Images of Disad- 'Didyourparents ever tell you any thing about race when vantaged Children. Presented at American Educational Re- you were a young child?" search Association, Los Angeles, February, 1969. 73 A. 14. Disadvantaged youth / 65

Soares, A.T., and Soares, L.M. Self-Perceptions of Culturally Disadvantaged and Non- Disadvantaged Children. Bridgeport, Conn., University of Bridgeport. Psychology Dept., April, 1968. 17 p.

Triandis, H.C., and Feldman, J. The Perceptions of Implicative Relationships among Black and White Adolescents and Hard-Core Unemployed. Illinois Studies of the Culturally Disadvantaged. Technical Report No. 8. Urbana, Ill., University of Illinois, Dept. of Pscyhology, February, 1971. U.S. Dept. of Health, Educa- tion, and Welfare, Research Grant No. 12-P-55175/5-02. 101

Wend land, Marilyn Marie Self-concept in Southern-Negro and White Adolescents as Related to Rural-Urban Residence. Ph.D. dissertation. Chapel Hill, N.C., University of North Carolina, 1968.

Whitmore, Dorothy Gates A Study of Attitudes and Achievement of Disad- vantaged Adolescents in Alaska. Ph.D. dissertation in Educa- tion. University of Colorado, 1969.

Williams, John., and Rousseau,Cynthia A. "Evaluatioand identification responses of Negro pre- schoolers to the colors black and white." Perceptual and Motor Skills, Vol. 33, 1971, pp. 587-99.

Wispe, Lauren Attitudes and Motives of MDTA Trainees: A Pilot Investigation. Washington, D.C., U.S. Dept. of Labor, Office of Manpower, Automation, and Training, 1965. Manpower Report No. 11, November, 1965.

74 A. Attitudes of the Poor

15. Feelings of Anomie and Powerlessness

Alleger, Daniel E. American Homes, and the Resulting Influence on Student "Anomie.dbasis fur interpreting attitudes in low Achievement. Ph.D. dissertation. The University of Toledo, income rural areas." Proceedings, Agricultural Economics 1972. 77 pages. andRuralSociologySection, Asociation of Southern Agriculturld Workers, Vol. 1, 1962. Crawford, T., and Naditch, M. "Relative deprivation, powerlessness, and militancy: the Alleger, Daniel E. psychology of social protest." Psychiatry, Vol. 33, 1970, pp. "The anomia of rural :people, its measurement and 208-23. correlates." Agricultural Science Review, Vol. 4, No.I, 1966, pp. 1-9. Dubey, Sumati Narain "Powerlessness and mobility orientations among disad- Alleger, Daniel E. vantaged blacks." Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 35, No. 2, "A southern rural paradox: social change and despair." Summer, 1971, pp. 183-88. Florida Agriculture Eiperiment Station Report, Vol. II,No. I, January, 1966, pp. 5-8. Dubey, Sumati Narain "Powerlessness and the adaptive response of disad- Baum, O., et al. vantaged blacks: a pilot study." Human Organization, Sum- "Psychotherapy, dropouts and lower socioeconomic mer, 1971, pp. 149-57. patients." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. Vol. 36, Dubey, Sumati Narain 1966, pp. 629-35. Powerlessness and the Predominant Forms of Adapta- Boyd, Viglyn A., and Morgan, Carolyn A. tion Responses of Lower Class Negroes. Ph.D. dissertation. Synthesis of Findings from Southern Regional Coopera- Case Western Resery University, 1969. tive Research Project S-44: Factors in the Adjustment of Dubey, Sumati Narain, and Grant, Moms L. Families and Individuals in Low-Income Rural Areas of the "Powerlessness among disadvantaged Blacks." Social South. Clemson, S.C., Clemson University, Dept. of Agricul- Casework, Vol. 51, No. 5, May, 1970, pp. 285-90. tural Economics and Rural Sociology, 1966. 35 p. "A substantial amount of information was obtained on Duval, William Francis attitudes and the social and economic situations of the Alienation Characteristics of Selected Groups of Disad- sample families in seven states." ( From the preface.) Anomia vantaged Freshmen Students andtheir Relationshipto and loneliness are frequently broached. There is a biblio- Success in College. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Indiana graphy, on pages 29-35, to which references in the text are University, 1969. 191 pages. linked. Finifter, Ada W. Bullough, Bonnie Louise "Dimensions of political alienation." American Political Alienation Among Middle Class Negroes. Social Psy- Science Review, Vol. 64, No. 2, June, 1970, pp. 389-410. chological Factors Influencing Housing Desegregation. Ph.D. Tables. dissertation. Los Angeles, University of California, 1968. Gallo, Patrick J. Bullough, Bonnie Ethnic Alienation: The Italian-Americans. Cranbury, "Alienation and school segregation." httegrated Lduca N.J., Associated University Presses, Inc., 1974. 254 p. lion, Vol. 10, No. 2, March/April, 1972. pp. 30-35. Tables, bibliography: pp. 223-35.

Cam pbell, Wallace Gordon, r.N. Parents' Perception of their Powerlessness in Lower- "Note on Negro allenation.." American Journal of Class White, MiddleClass White, and Lower-Class Meman- Sociology, Vol. 76, January, 19,65, pp. 477-78.

hh 75 A.15.Anonue. Powerlessness/67

Gruber, Murray Leon Rosenberg, Marvin Leonarc Status Frustration and Sueial Protest Among Negro An Experiment to Change Attitudes of Powerlessness Youth. Ph.D. dissertation. Case Western Reserve University, Among Low-Income Negro Youth. Ph.D. dissertation. Case 1969. 152 pages. Western Reserve University, 1968.

Harkins, Arthur M., et al. Safa, Helen Icken Junior High Indian Children in Nlinneapulis. A Study of "The social isolation of the urban poor." In Among the One Problem School. Minneapolis, University ut Minnesota, People, Irwin Deutseher and Elizabeth J. Thompson, editors. Training Center for Community Programs, July, 1970. 61+ p. New York, Basic Books, 1968.

Horton, J., and Thompson, W. Schulman, J. "Powerlessness andpoliticalnegativism." Anitfisan "1.....etto-arerresidence,politiealalienation and riot Journal of SoLiologs, Vol. b7, 19b1-b2, pp. 485-93. orientation." In Riots and Rebellion, L.11. Masotti and D.R. Bowen, editors. Beverly Hills, Cal., Sage Publishers, 1968. pp. Johnson, Clara Lunceford 261-84. Racial Attitudes of Negroes as a Function of Objective Power Relations, Feelings of Powerlessness, and Social Class. Slaughter, Diana T. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Geurgia, 1970. 311 pages. "Parental potency and the achievements of inner-city black children." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, Vol. Johnson, Frank, editor 40, No. 3, April, 1970, pp. 433 -40. Alienation' Concept, Term, and Meanings. New York, Seminar Press, 1973. xiv, 402 p. Stern, Sol Bibliographies at chapter ends. "Trouble in anAll American City'." The New York This is a thoughtful, literate, well-compiled sourcebook Tunes Magazine, July 10, 1966, pp. 21-29. with theories and research on the central theme from many disciplines such as anthropology and sociology, education, Symonds, Martin and economics. Of speeial interest are. Chapter 11, "Aliena- "Disadvantaged child,-en growing in a climate of hope- tion and the U.S. Economic Future," by A. Dale Tussing, pp. lessness and despair." ,Imcrican Journal of Ps)Lhoanalysis, 251-67; Chapter 13, "The Imagery of Estrangement: Aliena- Vol. 28, No. 1, 1968, pp. 15-24. tion in Modern American Fiction," by Blanche H. Gelfant, pp. 2'95-309; Chapter 15. "The Schools and Alienation," by Tussing, A. Dale Gerald M. Reagan, pp. 321-38, Chapter 17, "Black Aliena- "Alienation and the U.S. economic future." In Aliena- tion and Black Consciousness," by Alvin F. Puussaint, pp. tion. Concept, Term, and Meanings, Frank Johnson, editor. 359-68. New York, Seminar Press, 1973. pp. 251-67. Three major sections include: "The Relationship of the Levens, Helene Individual to the Economic System;" "The Special Case of "Organizational atfiliation and powerlessness. a case the Pour," and "Conflict Among the Alienated." The first studyofthe welfare poor." Social Problems, Vol.16, section(lfals with the growing tendencyfoiAmerican Summer, 1968, pp. 18-32. workeis to feel somewhat alienated from their work because it seems so abstract and depersonalized. "Attitudes toward Martineau, William Henry jobs, income, and economic legitimacy are strikingly differ- Patterns of Social Partielpation and a Sense of Power- ent among geneiations, as between the older generation lessness Among Urban Blacks. Ph.D., dissertation. University which has known real puerty, , ur real insecurity, ur both, ot Notre Dame. 1971. 182 pages. and which has lived through the most catastrophic industrial collapse that modern .eapiLlisin has to offer, and the younger Nlitruch.. E.H. "Aspiration and poverty a neglected aspect of Merton's generation which has experienced not only affluence but . uninterruptedaffluence."The secondsectiondevelops anomie." Se,eiolovcal Quarterly, Vol. 8. No. 4, Autumn, several reasons why the poor feel cut off, such as their 1967, pp. 439-46. nonparticipation in the labor force (for reasons generally not Norris, James Joseph, Jr. of their own making), their sometime dependence upon Social Psychological Correlates ot Status Discrepancy. welfare funds, and their frequent and ego-defeating clashes Ph.D. dissertation. Lniversity of Notre Dame, 1969. 166 with failureinthe educational or societal (i.e.. judicial) pages. arena. The final section shows parallels between the alienated of two strata of society who come together ideologically for Parker, Seymour, and Kleiner, Robert J. differing reasons. disaffected well-to-do young and the poor "the cultureinpovertyan udjustive dlinension. of the country. Underprivileged blacks put much stock in the lineru -Inthropotovq, Vol. 72. No. 3, June. 1970. pp. glories of education since that is how they see their young 51h-27 getting ahead a la the American way. The poor in general are after a key to unlock the door of economic blockade. Rose. Harold, and Ilensley, James The Relationship between Anumia and Participation in U.S. Congress. Senate. Sub, ommittee on Migratory Libor. Adult Basic Ldueation. Kentueky, Moorehead State Univer- Migrant and Season.. arinworker Powerlessness. Hear- sity,Appfachtan AdultBasicEducation Demonstration ings before the Subcommittee on Migratory Labor of the ( enter, 1971. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare. U.S. Senate, 91st Adult Education Research C (inference, New York. February Congress, 1st and 2d Sessions, on 'Who are the Migrants?' 2-5, 1971. Washiniton, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970. 76 68/ A. Attitudes of the Poor

Part 1: (vii, pp. 1-330) June 9 and 10, 1969, contains prolific testimony from: witnesses, statements by people involved with the social rehabilitation of migrants, migrant workers. themselves, and producers of television programs on the migrant's peculiarly anomic situation. There are dozens of reprints of articles and newspaper stories on the issue, and communications among politicians.Part 2: The Migrant Subculture. (v, pp. 333-548. Illustrations.) July 28, 1969. On pages 475-77, there is illuminating backgroundinformation on attitudes toward work by those of 'Mexican origin. Part 3a: Efforts to Organize. (vi, pp. 549-870) July 15, 1969. Part 3b: Efforts to Organize. (v, pp. 871-1181) July 16 and 17, 1969. Part 4a: Farmworker Legal Problems: (v, pp. 1183-517. Pacsimiles.) August 7, 1969. Part 4b: Farmworker Legal Problems. (vi, pp. 151'9-946. Facsimiles.) August 8, 1969. Although the entire article is worth reading, pages 1763-64 contain attitudes of officials and managers toward maintaining decent living conditions in migratory laborers' camps at factory and pickingsites.Itis a portion reprinted from "Migrant Farm Labor in Upstate New York" by Jeffrey Hoffman and Richard Seltzer, which originally appeared in the Columbia. Journal of Law and Social Problems, Vol. 4, No.I, March, 1968 (1729-78 in this reprinting). In the section on pages 1763-64, the feelings of the migrants themselves many-of whom may be Negro in that part of the countryare reported, with an additional pertinent quote from Earl Kops on the difficulty of speaking relationships on the part of professionals the workers. Part5a: Border Commuter Labor Problem. (v, pp. 1947-2528, Facsimiles.) May 21, 1969. Part 5b: Border Commuter Labor Problem. (vi, pp. 2529-3006. Facsimiles.) Part 6a: Pesticides and the Farmworker. (viii, pp. 3007-363. Illustrations, facsimiles.) August I, 1969. Part 6b: Pesticides and the Farmworker. (vi, pp. 3365-685. Facsimiles.) Septem- ber 29, 1969. Part 6c: Pesticides and the Farmworker. (vi; pp.3687-4041.Illustrations,facsimiles.) September 30, 1969. Part 7: Manpower and Economic Problems. April 14 and 15, 1970. Part 8: Who is Responsible? July 20, 21, and 24, 1971.

White, Maurice Orange Alienation and Self-Esteem as They Relate to Race, Sex, Socioeconomic, and School Variables in Urban High School Age Youth. Ph.D. dissertation. Wayne State Univer- sity, 19-3. 205 pages.

Wilson, Robert A. "Anomie in the ghetto: a study of neighborhood type, race, i.nd anomie." American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 77, No. IJuly, 1971, pp. 66-88. Tables. Woods, Robert A., and Kennedy, Albert J. The Zonc of Emergence. Sam Warner, Jr., editor. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1962. 183 p. This book was originally written about 1910, and edited and published later.It tells much of importance about a settlement house in Boston, the South End House, and the lives of the working class intertwined with it. About that timeinBoston, acertaindegree of dissatisfaction was creeping into the neighborhood; the feelitlg of community syntality and groupgeist was ebbing away, leaving some alienation and noticeable personal disatisfaction.

77 Bo Attitudes Toward the Poor

78 69 B. Attitudes Toward the Poor

1. Attitudes Toward the Poor as Welfare Recipients

Akin, John S., et al. Beck, B. "A socioeconomic explanation of demand for pubh, "Welfare as a moral category."Sutial Problems,Vol. goods:attitudes toward expenditures for education and 14, Winter, 1967, pp. 258-77. welfare are related to family income, wealth, and price; United States."Public Finance Quarterly,Vol.1, No. 2, Bennett, Stephen Earl April, 1973, pp. 169-89. Consistency among the Public's Attitudes in the 1960's. Bibliography, tables, chart. Ph.D.dissertation.UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana- Alston, Jon P., and Dean, K. Imogene Champaign, 1972. 264 pages. "Socioeconomicfactorsassociatedwithattitudes toward welfare recipients and the causes of poverty."Social Bennett, Stephen Earl Service Review,March, 1972, Vol. 46, pp. 13-23. "Consistency among the public's social welfare policy Tables, bibliography. attitudesinthe1960's."American Journal of Political The authors examines the Gallup Poll of 1964 to Science,Vol. I:7, No. 3, August, 1973, pp. 544-70. discover the attitudes of white Americans toward the poor. Bibliography, tables, graphs. The analysis includes such topics as the effect of the Great The author uses data from the Survey Research Center Depression, reasons for poverty, and the availability of birth at the University of Michigan to elaborate un the conflict control. "In response to questions, a third of the population between behavioral psychologists and political scientists un defined poverty as due to a person's Ida of effort. Those cognitivedissonance and ,onfurrntyadjustmentinthe socialcategories which were.especiallynegativein th,u voting bdiaviur of the. public. Tli, evidence seems to indwate definition ut the pour were the maps, the younger, well- that even when pulital events severely split popular opinion, edukAted, and thus, who were employed inmanagerial, aconsiderable amount of internal consistency remains in clerical- sales, and farming occupations." (p. 21) The only each social ,lass in opinions on social welfare. Bennett not drawba,k ut this dearly- written, definitive article is that the only describes attitudes toward welfar, in the 1960s, but he analysis is now somewhat out of date. also meticulously documents a theoretical framework for interpreting a number of survey instruments. Figure 1 is Appel, Gary L. "Issue Constrainwithin the Social Welfare Policy Domain Effects of a financial Incentive on AFDC Employment- for Each Educational Category, in 1964 and 1968." The Michigan's Experience Between July, 1969, and July, 1970. vertical axis represents "average gamma coefficients" while Minneapolis, Minn., Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, the horizontal axis represents stages of educational develop- March, 1972. xv, 112 p. ment (low educated, some high school, high school gradu- Tables, graphs. ates, some college, andcollege graduates). The gamma The author uses excellent diagrams and explicit text to coefficients for 1964 and 1968 were within the .45-.61 illustrate the effects of work incentives on AFDC recipients range. and nonrecipients. In addition to a summary of the opinions of several well-known economists on welfare schemes, Appel includes an interesting prologue which traces the history of Betten, Neil "Americanattitudes toward thepoor:ahistorical welfarefromthefourteenthcentury. On page 67, he discusses attitudes toward work, welfare, and AFDC employ- overview."Current Ilistory,Vol. 65, No. 383, July, 1973, ment. PP. 1-5. Bibliography. Barth, Michael C., Car,agno, Geoll Palmer, John L., with This is a signa'ily important article in the history oc An Overview Paperby Irwin Garfinkel attitudes in this case, resentment or hostilitytoward thd,, Toward an IsnectivtIntumtSupportSystem. pour. The July issue ofCurrent Historyis devoted to the Problems, Prospects, and Lhoicts.Madison, WS., University theme, "American Social Welfare in Perspe,tive," the June of Wisconsin, Institute for Research on Poverty, 1974. 189 p. issue features "The Dimensions of Poverty in America." 79 71 72 i B. Attitudes Toward the Poor

Beverly, David F. Dinwoodie, Adelaide The Amount of Government Financial Support for a Modern Pauperism. A So.ial Epidemiological Inquiry Family. Pubh, Poli,y and Publ, Opinion. Ph.D. dissertation into Patterns of Economic Dependence upon Traditional in Social Work. Washington, D.C., National Catholic Sc.houl Public Welfare Programs. Ph.D. dissertation. Bryn Mawr, of Social Work, 1971. 306 p. Pa., Bryn Mawr College, 1967. 205 pages. Bibliography, tables. "Opinions on the Amount of Income Needed by a Durman, Eugene Family of Four" and Gallup Pulls on public opinions of food Have the poor been regulated? 1 uward a multivariate stamp., are in,luded. Breakdoi.vn of these responses by age, understanding of welfare growth." Sucia/ Scril.c Rciicu, sex, etc., are given and discussed in the context of their Vol. 47, September, 1973, pp. 339-59. effects-on public-opinion. Edgar, Richard Eugene Cebotarev, Eljonora A., and King, Gary W. Patterns of Influence in the Organization of Welfare Attitudes toward Anti - Poverty programs in the Exten- Agen,aes inSaintLouis. Ph.D. dissertation. Washington sion Service: A Case Study. Paper prepared for the meetings University, 1968. 237 pages. of the Rural Sociological Society in Miami Beach, Fla., 1966. 17 p. Ekstrom, Charles Arthur Mimeographed. Community Social Structure and Issue Differentiation; A StudyinthePoliticalSociology of Welfare. Ph.D. Clegg, Reed K. dissertation. The Ohio State University, 1968. 99 pages. The Welfare World. Springfield, III., Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1968. viii, 117 p. Feagin, Joe R. The author uncovers the problems of the aged, the "A merica'swelfarestereotypes."'SocialScience lonely and deserted, the socially marginal, and the adoles- Quarterly, Vol. 52, No. 4, March, 1972, pp. 921 -33. cent. "Society is most inconsistent in its attitudes towards Table, bibliographic footnotes. children." (p. 85) Feagin, one of the foremost writers and researchers in -^thiL area;-definitively-assesses-the-problems-relating-to-the____ Cloward, Richard A., and Elman, Richard M. image many people have of welfare recipients. Some of the "Poverty, Injustice, and the Welfare State. Pt.1. An questions whose statistical responses (on an agree, disagree, Ombudsman forthe Poor? Pt.2. How Rights Can be uncertain scale) he illuminates textually, are(I) there are Secured." The Nation, Vol. 202, February 28, 1966, pp. too many people receiving welfare money who should be 230-35; and March 7, 1966, pp. 264-67. working; (2) many people getting welfare are not honest Cloward and Elman feel that if the social welfare system about their needs, (3) many women 'getting welfare money is regularly unjust, itis because American public opinion are having illegitimate babies to increase the money they get. about the poor makes it so. They examine the implications of public opinion in legislation; and how laws resulting from Faster, Granville Tames III recent thought on welfare penalize large families, give no aid Southern Congressmen and WelfarePolicyinthe to mothers who give birth to illegitimate children while on 1960's. A Case Study of RedistiibutivePolitics.Ph.D. welfare, and are responsible for restrictions such as the dissertation. University of Southein California, 1972. 308 controversial "midnight raids." As a device for hearing and pages. investigating complaints, the authors discuss the ombudsman, a reviewing board. They wain that use would be subject to "Georgia's biggest bank wades into the slums." the pressures of public opinion. Attitudes toward poverty are Business Week, May 24, 1969, pp. 90-91. clearly shown to effect the direction of public opinion; in Part2,the authors propose methods to changethese !land ler, Joel F. attitudes. Reforming the Poor: Welfare Policy, Federalism, and Morality. New York, Basic Books, Inc., 1972. 168 p. Cohen, Robert IL Bibliography: pp. 155.63. "Welfare. race and reform." Cad Rights Digest, Vol. 2, From the index: "deserving poor" 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 16, No. 4, Fall, 1969, pp. 20-25. 1 39-1 4 I, 14 1-14 5 ;li usbandlessmothers,attitudes toward-1 i-13, 15, 16; insane, attitudes toward-8, 12; moral Crampton, Helen M., and Keiser, Kenneth K. degeneracy,paupersand-7,9-10;poverty,attitudes SocialWelfare: Institution and Process. New York, toward-I37-141; blameless-I2, 23, 140; moral weakness Random House, Inc., 1970. )(lit 308 p. and-47; pathologicaltheory of 5-6,16,49,138-139, Bibliography: pp. 2940301. 146-147; stigma, welfare and-2, 8, 29, 33, 37, 38, 118. This is a book which covers much territory in a clear way without threatening the central message with a super- Heffernan, W. Joseph, Jr. fluity of detail. f he4ustory of the treatment of poor people Public Assistance as a Function of Government. A Case is detailedin early chapters. The story of the fictitious Study of Professional and Official Attitudes. Ph.D. disserta- Grunes family-a multiproblem family living today -is used tion. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1965. 193 as illustration. Chapter 6 is on Minority Groups: The Rights pages. of Second-classCitizens. The lattersections deal with interclass connections with respect to the public's gaining a Kallen, David J., and Miller, Dorothy better understanding about the workings of the %Ital problem "Public attitudes toward welfare." Social Work, July, of welfare in our contemporary society. 1971, pp. 83-90.

80 B. I. Welfare Recipients/ 73

Kallen, David J., and Miller, Dorothy Rescher, Nicholas Some Correlates of Attitudes Toward Welfare. Paper Welfare. The Social Ltsti-s in Philosophical Perspectilc. given atthe Pacific. Sociological Society Meetings, Long Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh .1' cuss, 1972. xii, 1St, p. Beach, Cal., March, 1967.. Tabhis. This is an intelligently-written book which presents its Lam pman, Robert J. interdisciplinary material combining economics, sociology,; "Poverty, our enemy at home. the historical approach. philosophy, and opinion research in such a way that thF, The Nation, Vol. 200, No. 23, June 7, 1965, pp. 606-9. layman can grasp its import easily. Chapter 1, "The`Nature of Welfare," on pages 3-22, is of importance because it gives Maxwell, John Charles much background on the naturt of people judging other, SocialWelfareAttitudesinCaliforniaDuring the people's welfare needs. "In considering group welfare, we Thirties.Ph.D.dissertation.Los Angeles, Universityof confront the difficult problem of determining the role of California, 1972. 629 pages. different individuals in the `sum' of a group's overall welfare status." (p. 14) Chapter 3 is, "Social Welfare and Personal McDonald, Archie Donald Happiness," on pages 36-59. Nineteen tables are drawn from Attitudes toward the Legitimacy of Public Intervention opinion polls and statistics! sources. Chapt..: 6, "Poverty," is on Behalf of Poor Persons. Correlates and Consequences in on pages 92-113. Chapter7, "Social Responsibilityfor Three Generations. Ph.D. dissertation in Social Woik. Lus Welfare,"is on pages 114-29. Chapter 8, "The Political Angeles, University of Southern California, 1971. 246 pages. Dimension of Welfare," is on pages 130-46.

Mencher, Samuel Robinson, John, arti Shaver, Phillip R. "Perspectives on recent welfare legislation, fore nd Measures of 'ocial Ps} chological Attitudes.(Appendix aft."inPovertyIn America, Louis A. Ferman, Joyce B of "Measuresf Political Attitudes.") Ann Arbor, Mich., Koinbluh, and Alan Haber, editors. Ann Arbor, The Univer- The University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, sity of Michigan Press, 1965. pp. 249-57. Survey Researi Center, August, 1969. ii, 662 p. This bo k is the cumulation of a vast amount of survey literature. tremendous number of different measuring "Public attitudes toward fiscal programs.--Quarter(} -forms aresed, attempting, to_gauge_suclahings as anomie, Journal of Economies, May.1963, pp. 210-35. helplessne s,powerlessness(NealandSeeman,1962), This is an article worth reading. The author examines all authority ianism, dogmatism, and social responsibility. There income groups, at times by quartiles, throwing light on the are large sections on values, general attitudes toward people, attitudes of the middle class toward governmental schemes andreligious attitudes. Complete transcriptions of these which will specifically aid the poor, in addition to other surveysaretheruleratherthan the exception, and kinds of programs such as those for funding the highways, bibliographic references are common. space 'flight, defense, etc. There are eleven tables breaking down statistical data. Some of these of direct interest are: Ryles, Tim Cody Table II, Attitudes Toward Government Programs, Table IV, The Partisan Basis of Political Attitudes_ A Stud.' of Alti motive Use of Defense Savings Spontaneously Mentioned Politica:Attitudesand Ideology Among Rank-and-Pilc (November, 1960 and May/June, 1961), Table X, Indexes of Democrats and Republicans.Athens, Ga.,University of Attitudes Toward Government Programs (1961); and Table Georgia, 1970. 208 p. XI, Attitudes Toward Spending in Relation to Self-Interest. Sampson, Timothy J. Naparstek, Arthur J. Welfare: AHandbook for Friend and Foe. Philadelphia, Public Opinions towardthe Economic Opportunity United Church Press, 1972: 203 p. Act: The Impact on the Working Class. Ph.D. dissertation. This book, although openly biased toward the idea of Brandeis University, 1 he Florence Heller Graduate School more welfarefor those who needitmost,isa good for Advanced Studies in Social Welfare, 1972. 236 pages. introduction to the subject of welfare reform. The author has included a thorough history of the legislation, a glossary, "Notes and comments: work and welfare do not mix." documentation of the problems stemming from the attitudes The Social Service Review,March, 1973, Vol. 47, No. 1, of the middle class, and ideas on how to bring about needed pp. 93-95. change. There are a number of good bibliographic references. The statistics are well-chosen and not overly complicated. Ogren, Evelyn H. ..if.. Schwartz, Jerome !and Chernin, Milton Public. opiionr.. :bout " So.s1.7! Work, Vol ! Q "Participation of recipients in public welfare planning No. ',January, 1973, pp. 101-8. and administration."The Social Service Review,Vol. 41, No. 1, Marc10967, pp. 10-22. Povman, 'carry "Poverty and social welfare: research in public assist- Shapek, Raymond A. ance." InProceedings of a Conference on Research on "Foundation of legal attitudes toward welfare recipi- Poverty. Washington, D.C., Bureau of Social Science Re- ents' rights aand privileges. a survey."North Carolina Central search, Inc., June, 1968. 42 p. Law Journal,Vol. 4, No 2, Spring, 1973, p. 20 3.

Rein. Martin "Should they have to work at all?" "The strange case of public dependency."Trans Action, Nation's Business,Vol. 54, No. 9, September, 1966, p. March /April, 1967, pp. 16-23. 34+ 81. 74 / B. Attaudes Toward the Poor

Smith, U.T.J., and Zeller, Frederick A., editors Tit muss, Richard M. PublicWelfare Right or Privilege. A System Under "The social division of welfare. some reflections on the Attack.Morgantown, W. Va.West Virginia `University, search for equity." hi Essays on the Welfare State, 2d. ed. Appalachian Center. Office of Research and Development, Boston. Beacon Press, 1963. pp. 34-55. September, 1972. xii, 167 p. This book covers problem areas in the field of social Turem, Jerry Sheldon work such as welfare, inwme maintenanee, welfare fraud Public Assistance in the United States. An Exploratory investigation; anti the problem of keeping people at work on Multiple Regression Analysis. Ph.D. dissertation. Madison, low-paying jobs. In "Public W.:Ifare and the State of the The University of Wisconsin, 1972. 21$ pages. Nation," on pages 55-66, Elizabeth Wickendon points out that. (I) welfare benefits involve edistribution of something U.S. Congress. Senate Finance Committee. suet' as pay ments or serviees, (2) immediate small gains must Hearings, Family Allowances Act of 1970. Washington, nut be Naatipedforlung-term etunumie structural better- D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970. 3 parts. 2343 ment for the poor, (3) welfare reform means dramatic social p.Pt.I.pp.1-397,pt.2.pp. 3991302, Pt.3:pp. reform and it will be costly. Other important sections of the 1303-2343. book are "The Weltare Revolution," by Timothy Sampson, Senator Curtis (R. Neb.). "This (1-amily Assistance on pages 115-33, and, 'flow Welfare Reupicnts See Them- Plan) is d far - reaching proposal, because it is going to place selves 'Fitting In'," on pages 121-25. on the relief rolls about five times as many people as live in the state of Nebraska." Sternlieb, George S., and Indik.,4rnard P. R. Finch (Sec., H.E.W.): "Well, I would hope, Sir, that TheEcology cij Welfare., Ihiti.sing and the Welfare Crisis we could getachange interminology. Here we have/ in Aew lurkCity. New Brunswick, Transaction Books, suggested the term incomesupplement, btli wedo have an distributed by Dutton, New 'York, 1971 xiv, 292 p. attitudinal problem people will tend to regard this asjelief." Bibliography, illustrations. Senator Curtis: "Yes." (p. 265) r Studies in Public Welfare U.S. 9Ist Congress, 1st Session. Series prepared for the use ut the Subcommittee on "The Guaranteed Opportunity it,Earn an Annual 1.iseal Polley of the Joint Leonumit. Committee of Congress. Income," Remarks of Rep.,Thomas Curtis, Missouri, Con- Washington,"Dr.,-U.S. Government PrintingOffice, gressional Record, Vol, 153, ut. 2.; January 31, 1967, pp. 1972-74. 2094-99, Each volume of this series provides background appropriate to an understanding of the poor receiving welfare, in "Welfare, time for reform." the context of the problems expert economists have in try ing Saturday Review,May 23, 1970, special, issue. to present workable programs for wide masses of people. Featuredinthe May, 1970, issue of thSittirday The series contains the following papers. PaperNu.I. Revieware six .:titles"Welfare. Time for Ref rm," "One "PublicIncomeTransterPrograms.The Incidenceof Step We Must Take,' Daniel Moynihan, .19; "Will Multiple Benefits and the Issues Raised by Their -Reeeipt," 'Work' Work?" by John A. Ilamilton, p. 20, "Ifou Were on April 10, 1972. Paper No. 2. "Handbook of Public. Income Welfare," by Richard M. Elman, p. 27, "Toward he Ultimate Transfer Programs," October l6, 1972. Paper Nu. 3. "The Solution," by Yale Brozen, p. 30, "Welfare and P agmatism," Effectiveness of Manpower Training Programs: A Review of by Joseph C. Wilson, p. 32. Research on the Impact on the Poor," November 20, 1972. Paper Nu. 4. "Income Transfer Programs. How They Tax the "Welfare. trying to end" the nightmare,," Tun:. Vol. 97, Poor," December 22, 1972. Paper No. 5. Issues in Welfare February 8, 197:, pp. 14-23. Administration. 'Part 11Welfare An Administrative Night- Velfare Anicriea is discussed from AFDC to FAP mare,-December 31,1472.t Part 2)'Intergovernmental programs, elaborating on their operations and implications. Relationships," Mardi 12, 1973. (Part 3) "Implicationsof The account of a welfare "cheat" and a former $14,000 a the Income Maintenance Lxperiments," March -12, 1973. y ear engineer, and others, are contrasted, presenting their Paper No.b. HON" PublicBenefits Are Distributedin ideas and feelings toward welfare. A brief history of poverty LowIneome Areas,- March 26. 1973. "Additional Material inAmerlea, citing the Puritan ethic as an archaic, bet still for Paper No. b. How Public. Welfare Benefits Are Dis- realstumbling blocktoprogress,is an added feature. tributed in Low -Income Areas,' Augast U. :973. Paper No. "Despite the griming notion of welfare by right, the work 7. "Issues in the Coordinatior of Public. Welfare Programs," ethic is not dead for either the poor ur non-poor, a stigma July 2,I 973, Paper Nu o. "Ineume-Tested Sueial Benefits in still attaches to the jobless, just as a 'P' was once pinned to New York: Adequab Incentives, and Equity," Jt.ly 8, 19.73. paupers in Philadelphia." Paper No. 9 IPart 1). "Concepts in Welfare Program Design," August 20; 197-.. Paper No. 10. "The New Sur, lemental Security Incur ie Program Impact on Current Benefits and Unresolved Issoes," October 7, 1973. Paper No. 11. "The Labor Market lu pacts of the Private Retirement System," Oct obc.7 30, 1973 Paper No. 12. The Family, Poverty, and Welfare Programs-(PartI)"Pactors Influencing Family Instability,"November 4,1973.(PartII)"Household Patterns and Governmental Polities," December 3, 1973, Paper No, 13. "How Income Supplements Can Affect Work Behavior." February 18.1974. Paper No 14. "Public Welfare and Work Incentives: Theory and Practice." April 15, 1974. Ba Attitudes Toward the Poor

2. Attitudes Toward the Nonworking Poor

Adams, Leonard P. Straus, Robert Public Attitude. >Toward Unemployment Imurance% A "The problem of conceptualizing polcity." In Poverty. Rotuma' Account. Washington, D.C., W.L. Upjohn Institut-, New Intertitsuplinai; PerspeLtives, Thc.Inas Weaver and Alvin 1971.98 p. Magid, editors. San Francisco, Chandler Publishing Co., 1969. pp. 7-23. Flaim, P.O. "Persons not in the labor-force, who they are and why Sussman, M.B. they didn't work." Monthly Labor Renew, Vol. 92, No. 7 ",Dependent disabled and dependent pour_ similarity of July, 1969, pp. 3-4. conceptual issues and research needs." Social Service Review, Vol. 43, December, 1969, pp. 383-95. Leonard, Frank "'Helping' the unemployed in the nineteenth century: Wooster, John Harrison the case of the American tramp." The Social Service Review, Attitudestovard Poverty,SoLial Services, and Vol. 40, No. 4, December, 1966, pp. 429-34. Adherence to the Protestant Ethic n a Rural Colorado Community. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. University of Miller, Robert W.; Zeller, Frederick A., and Blaine, Harry K. Northern Colorado, 1972. 138 pages. Implicationsof SocialClass DifferencesinBeliefs Concerning Causes of Unemployment. Morgantown, W. Va.,- Office of Research and Development, Appalachian Center, West Virginia University, April, 1968, 22 p.

Maearov, David Incentives to Work: The Effect of Unearned Income. Ph.D. dissertation. Brandeis University, 1 he Florence Heller Graduate School for Advanced Studies in Social Welfare, 1968. 423 pages.

Nelson, Harold A. ( "Charity, poverty and race." Phylon, Vol. 29, No. 3, Fall, 1968, pp. 303-16.

Schilt?. Michael E. "The welfare chiselers." In Public Attitudes toward Social Security, 1935-1965. Washington, D.C., U.S. Govern- ment Printing Office, 1970, pp. 155-58.

m ige I, E.O. "Public attitudes toward 'chiseling' with reference to unemployment compensation." American Sociological Re- view, Vol. 18, No. I, February, 1953, pp. 59-67.

Spellman, Milton D. "Povertypauperism, and their causes: some charity organization views." Social Casework, Vol. 46, Nb. 3, March, 1965, pp. 142-49.

83 75 B. Attitudes Toward the Poor

3. Attitudes Toward the Working Poor

Enneis, W.H. Havem an, Robert; Lurie, Irene; and Mirer, Thad "Minority employment barriers from the EEOC view Earnings Supylementathm Plans for "Working Poor" point." In The Black Man In the World of Work, P. Ash, Families. An Evaluation of :.-Iternatives.., Madison, Wis., The Chauman. Symposium presentedatthe American Psy- University of Wisonsin, Institute for Researa on Poverty, chological Association, Washington, D.C., 1969. Discussion Paper No. 175-73, September, 1973. 1, 60 leaves. Tables, figures. Fletcher, Arthur In the section, "The Recipient Unit: Who is eligible?" The SilentSell -Out. How theGoven..--ent Betrays on pages 24-25, the authors discuss "...the social philosophy Blat.r.sto Organized Labor. New York, The Third Press, that adults do not 'deserve' income maintenance, but that Joseph Olepaku Publi.,hing Co., Inc., 1973. 156 p. children do because they are dependent persons."

Galenson, Walter A Primer on Employment and\Wages. New York, Herzog, Elizabeth Random House, Vintage Books, 1966. 146 p. About the Poor: Some Facts and Some Fictions. Washington, D.C., U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Gladwin, Thomas Welfare, Social and Rehabilitation Service, U.S. Government Poverty U.S.A. Boston, Little, Brown and Company, Printing Office, Children's Bureau Publication No. 451-1967, 1967. 182 p. 1968. 85 p.

Goodwin, Leonard llodge, Robert W., andreiman, Donald J. "How suburban families view the work orientations of "Occupational mobility and attitudes toward Negroes." the welfare poor: problems tr, social stratiileation and social Amencan Sociological Review, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 93-102. pacy." Social Problenzr, Vol. 19, No. 3, Winter, 1972, pp. 33/-48. AlsoavailablefromtheBrooking., Institution, Washington, D.C. Kosa, John Tables, bibliography. "The nature of poverty."1t:Poverty and Health. The .,author selected three groups. 210 suburbanites, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1969, pp. 1-34. 220 welfare mothers in WIN, and 2('' black welfare mothers veitholderchildren on long -tarnxelfare assistance, He Lerner, Melvin J. ..amined tour points of orientation: work contributing to "All the world loathes a loser." Psychology Today, development of the seat (work ethic) lack of confidence in June, 1971, pp. 51-54, 66. theindividual'sabilityto succeed nthe workv srld, This article is an illuminating study in the psychology acceptance of 4,..aNt-:ilegal 4,:uvittes. the acceptance of behind the formation of attitudes. The author cites psy- government suppo,c it unable to earn a sufficient income. He chological experiments which illustrate that people tend to found that the 11001 m central acs gene.'ly have weak speculate on whether they canalleviatethemisery of feelings of self - esteem, but sttnultancously have a higl- %rad victimized individuals. If that seems unlikely, they declare for the work ethic. The .uburb.-n nunpour fail to uml, istand that the victim's plightis justified; thisis the cognitive eats paradox and,inaddittop, el.tder,iiconfuse public dissonance theory at work. Further, experiments have shown assistance payments with q4

L B. 3. Working Poor / 77

Pascal, Anthony Racial Discrimination in Economic Life.Lexington. Mass., D.C. Heath and Company, Lexington Books, 1972. 228 p. Tables.

Quinn. Robert P. Turnover and Training- A Social-Psychological Study of Disadvantaged Workers. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Survey Research Center. September, 1970.

Stevens, William Orville Social Value, Social Attitude, and Social Change: The / Relationship between the Work Ethic and the Employment Act of 1946. Ph.D. dissertation. Kansas City, University of Missouri, 1970. 165 pages.

Lloyd. editor The Disadvantaged Worker: Readings in Developing Minority Manpower. Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley Pub- lishing Company, 1971. 280 p.

85 B. Attitudes Toward the Poor

4. Attitudes About the Life-Style of the Poor

Curtis, Russell L., Jr., and Zurcher, Louis A. Lamer, Jeremy, and Howe, Irving, editors "Voluntary associations and the social integration of i'mws from the Left.New York, William the poor."Social Problems,Vol.18, Winter, 1971, pp. Morrow a,.d Company, 1968. 319 p. 339-97. . Twenty chapters told from varying liberal standpoints go into a number of depressingly still-contemporary poverty Fichter, Joseph FL topics such as housing, antipoverty funding, head Start, "American religion and the Negro."InThe Negro hunger and its legislated antidotes, Appalachia, and slum American, Talcott Parsons and Kenneth B. Clark, editors. schools. This is a definitive collection which remains valid Boston, Beacon Press, 1965. pp. 401-22. today. Bibliography. Malza, David Gastil, Raymond C- "The disreputable p or."InClass, Status, and Power, Lower-el..ss behavior. cultural and biusucial." Human Reinhard ?Undo( and S nour Martin Lipset, editors. New Organzzation, V31. , No. 4, Winter, 1973, pp.349-62. YOrk, The Free Pres,s, 1966, pp. 289-302. Bibliography, digns. The author ces some sixty-five writers in anthropology Morisey, Patricia Garland and sociology in his discussion of the "culture ut poverty" Family Strengths am. Family Survival. Paper delivered and "disvalued groups" throughout the world. at the Fifth Biennial Divis.)nal Meeting of the American / Psychiatric Association, New York State District Branches, Grinstead, Darrel J. November 17-18, 1967, New York, 14 p. "Overcoming barriers to scattered-site low-cost hou Mimeographed. mg,"Prospectus.The University.of Michigan Law Sch ol, Vol. 2, No. 2, Alin!, 1969, pp. 327-46. Rainwater, Lee, and Yancey, William L. The Moynihan Report and the Mutes of Controversy. Herzog, Eizabeth Cambridg, Mass., The M.I.T. Press, 1967.'493 p. "Facts and fictions about ,the poor."Monthly Labor $7.:iew. February,' I' 69, pp. 42-49. Schensul, S.L., et al.' Graphs. "Twilight zone of poverty. a new perspective on an The author, noting thatstatistics and facts can be economically depressed area."Human Organization,Spring, manipulated to prove 'apoint, examines the conce-' of 11968, pp. 30-40. illegitimate births and distinguishes between the Wept y rate and the ille.gii;nacy ratio. She alsa discusses the oh Simon, Arthur R. thinking on "citeculture ofpoverty,"theproblem hues of Poverty.St. Louis, Mo., Concordia Publishing scholastic achievement, the )fmily structure in the poverty htuuse, 1966.. xiv, 133 p. setting, the influence of slavery, and whether poverty is in the chapter, "Poverty The Dead End," on Pages, culture or a subculture.It can be argued further that certain 63-82, the author contrasts the relatively normal constant psychological attitudes commonly attribided to the pour are poverty of many 'during other times to the dead end hopeless intact the products ofphysical reality, and that some poverty of the poor during the 1960s. Ile also notes that the ascribed attitudes and values are erroneously acibed." (p. pre viously poor middle-class may have unrealistic, and ex.. 45) aggerated opinions about the poor, such as. "The poor are lazy, let them make it the hard way like 1 did," "People on Herzog, F. relief have it top good," and, "Why don't 'Ivy at least clean -Some assumptions about the poor." TheSoLialSallee up"' The titth chapter',Politics and Poverty ," on pages Reiiew, Vol. 37, December, 1963, pi389-402, 85-105' (published in the April, 1966 issue of The,itlantit) -s, 86t B. 4. Life-Style / 79 the author cites the problems of getting the urban renewal people to act on the needs of the tenement people and the ensuing bureaucratic barriers.

Slobodin, L., et al. Cultural Assimilator: For Interaction With the Eco- nomicallyDisadvantaged. Champaign,Ill.,University of Illinois, Dept. of Psychology, 1971. Dept. of Health, Educa- tion, and Welfare, Research Grant No. 15-P-55175/5.101 p.

Tissue, Thomas "Old age and the perception of poverty." Sociology and Social, esearch, Vol. 56, April, 1972, pp. 331-44.

, .

"ie g-- ..r.A.17;*4--r/zfei. B. Attitudes Toward the Poor

5. Attitudes Toward Minorities a. Blacks

Abbott, David W.; Gold, Louis H.; and Rogowsky, Edward T. Clark, Chris, and Rush, Sheila Police,Politics and Race. New York, The American Now to Get Along with Black People. A Handbook for Jewish Committee, 1969. 62 p. White Folks-and Some Black Folks, Too. New York, The Third_Press, Joseph Okpaku Publishing Cot, Inc., 1973. 156 i Allen, Elizabeth p. "Are social Stereotypes vanishinga study uf a non- The dynamics of social intercourse between blacks and college population.- Juurna: of Suc al Issue.), Vol. 28, No. 4, whites are illustrated in this etiquette guide, which has 1972, pp. 89-99. overtones of humor. It is going to be made into an animated film. Berg, Kenn -th R. "Ethnic attitudes aid agreement with a Negro person." Donnerstein, Edward, et al. Juutral of Persunalso. and Social Ps....holugy, Vol. 4, August, "Variablesininterracialaggression. anonymity, ex- 1966, pp. 215-20. pected retaliation, and a riot." Journal 01 Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 22, No. 2, May, 1972, pp. 236-45. Bloch, H.D. The Circle of Discrimination: An Economic Tend Social Edelson, Joanne Marcia Stud% u1 the Black Man in Aew Yurk. New York, New York Rural-Urban Difference in Attitudes Toward Blacks. University Press, 1969. xiu, 274 p. Madison,Wis., The Universityof Wisconsin, Dept. of Bibliography: pp.-239-68, tables. Sociology, 1970. Master's Thesis. 27 p. Bloch poses the problem of income differences between Bibliography, tables, figures, formulae. blacks and whites, and examines the most severe problems of The author tracethesociological ecologyof city discrirrimati a in epluyme.nt, su.h as trade union shut-out dwellers. "The urbanite must learn to live with instability. and unemp. the period covered is 1625 to 1965. abandoning a rigid conception of how things shot I and do work. It seems to me, it is this ability to live withf.rat iigid Brooks, Glenwood Ce.11 Jr. categorizations of other people and exist comfortably within The Use of Occopatiun as a Variable in the Measure- ambiguities and with instability that can mai toler- ment of Racial AttitiulPs. Ph.D. dissertation. University uf ance." (n. 4) The literature, both in sociology and surly Maryland, 1972. 86 pages. research, regarding prejudice and toleration as well as e citation of certain prototypical experiments on racial atti Bi.11ock.11.A. tudes, is traced. Stouffer is cited as having found that people Racial attitudes and the employ lent of Negroes.- in the Far West have the most tolerance, possibly because so American Journalt Sucwlogy, Vol. F.. March, 1951, pp. many of the-have successfully recovered from the effects of 448-57. being i. The authorfurther examines the less urbanizedflings noting that the frequency of human Campbell, Angus contact factor operative there is much less than in cities. N hueAttitudestoward Blati,People. Ann Aibur. Formula models using diagrams and accomp.s lying texts Mich.. Lniversity of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, illustratethecorrelation of educating and contact with 1971. yin, 177 p blacks by whites. She concludes that in the northern cities, Bibliography. whites have more understanding and tolerance toward blacks clue to the amount of frequent contact. Campbell. Amos, and Schuman, Howard Racial Attitudes m Fifteen American Cities. Report 'lager, Charles E. prepared for the National Advisory Commission on Civil White Rejlectius un Black Power. Grarkt Rapids, Mich., Disorders. Ann Aibur, University of Michigan, Institute for Wtlhain B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1967.118 p. Social Research, Survey Research Center, 1968. Althot.gh a little dated now, the author's observations

8ti 88

.1 CCM M 2! EN WSW( eit e B NN SIt 1 I NM g Eat B. S. a. Blacks/81 are presented in an interesting way. The author's firsthand Hodge, Robert W., and Freiman,Donald J. knowledge of black life enhances this background explique Occupation mobility and attitudes toward Negroes." of the turgidperiod of black-white embroilment of the elmtrican Sociological Retiet., Vol. 31, Nu.1, February, 1960s. The discussion includes SNCC, the 'Child Develop- 1966, pp. 93-102. ment Group of Mississippi, and prime Black Potver leaders in their historical and political roles. Full bibliographical notes Rolland, Robert Fount do not impede the flow of the thoughtfully composed text. The Effects of Two StudyUnits un Itigh School Students'Attitudes towardNegroes.Ph.D. dissertation. Feldman, J. Norman, University of Oklahoma, 1969. 152 pages. Race andLevel of Abstraction of Disagreement as DeterminantsofEvaluationandBehavioralIntentions. Horowitz, Eugene Leonard Illinois Studies of the Economically Disadvantaged, Techni- The Development of Attitude Toward the Negro. Ph.D. cal Report Nu. 12. Champaign, University of Illinois, Dept. dissertation. New York, Columbia University. 47 pages. of Psychology, January, 1972. Dept. of Health, Education, Illustrations, diagrams, bibliography. and Welfare, Research Grant No. 15-P-55175/5. 101 p. Hutcheson, John D. Fisk L'niversit. Nashville. Social Science Institute. Racial A ttitudes in Atlanta. Atlanta, GaCenter for Racial AttitudesInterviews Revealing Attitudes of Research in Social Change, Emory University, 1973. 82 p. Northern and Southern White Persons, of a Wide Range of Occupational and Education Levels, Toward Negroes. Nash- Jeffries, Vincent John ville. Tenn., Fisk University, Social Science Source Docu- Cultural Values and Antagonism toward Negroes. Ph.D. ments, No. 3. 1946. 278 leaves. dissertation. Los Angeles, University of California, 1968. 355 pages. freed. Donald Agony in Neu. Haven The Trial of Bobby Seal, Encka Jordan, Winthrop D. , - Huggins, and the Black Panther Party. New York, Simon and White Over Black.- AInerican Attitudes Toward the Schuster, 1973. 347 p. Negro, 1550-1812. Chapel Hill, Published for the Institute of This is.1hard-hitting, colorfully written story of the EarlyAmericanHistoryandCultureatWilliamsburg, trial of Bobby Seal with plentiful back-up excerpts from Virginia, by the University of North Carolina Press, 1968. various media accounts which illustrate points of view from 651 p. both sides. The book examines the attitudes of the Black Illustrations, bibliography. Panther Party and white society in a blistering yet trenchant manner. The author's exceptional skill as a documentarian, Jordan, Winthrop D. an analyst, and as a cultural anthropologist is also notable. Mute Over Black. American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550-1812. Baltimore, Penguin Books, Inc., 1969. Gans, Herbert J. 651 p. "Negro p:oblems and white fantasies."The Urban Review, Vol. i , No. 5. December. 1966. pp. 2-3. Kaalberg, Sister Ramona M. Racial Preferences of Second, Fourth, and Sixth Grade Good, Paul Negro and Caucasian Girls in Hypothetical and Actual Social "A wbo.e look at Black Power." The Vation, Vol. 203, Situations. Ph.D. dissertation. George Peabody College fir No. 4. Aug ist 8, 1966. pp. 112-17. Teachers, 1972. 116 pages. Gren, Janus "Attitulinal and situational determinants of intended Kahn, Lessing Anthony behavior towards Placks."Journat Personahrt and Social The Organization of Attitudes Toward the Neg:o as a Psychologt, April. 1972, pp. 13-17. Function of Education. Washington,D.C., Psychological Association, 1952. Psychological Monographs, Vol. 65, No. Gundlack, 13. Whole No. 330, 1951. vi, 39 p. "Effects of on-thelob experiences with Negroes upon Bibliography, diagrams. racial attitudes ot white workers in union shops." Psychologi- cal Reports. Vol. 2, 1956, pp. 6177. Killian, Lewis M. "Thu effects of southern white workers on race rela- Harding. John. and Hogrefe. Russell tions in northern plants." American Sin fological Review, "Attitudes of white department store employees toward Vol. 17, 1952. pp. 327-31. Negro co-workers." Journal ot Social Icsu,'i% Vol 8, No. 1, 1952, pp. 18-28. Kogan, L.A. "The Jewish conception ot Ncproes in the North: an Henderson. George "Role models for lower class Negro boys." Personnel historical approach." Phylon, Vol, 28, No. 4, 1967, pi). and Guidance Journal. Vol 46, No. 1, September. 1967, pp. 376-85. 6-10. Labovitz, Sherman Hernton, Calvin C AttitudestowardBlacksamong Jews:Historical C ()mingfive flu rBlack Po r,IthacHatred, and Antecedents and Current Concerns. Ph.D. dissertation. Uni- Sexual Hang-('ps New York, Rand,)m House. 1971181 p. versity of Pennsylvania, 1972 165 pages. 89 82 / B. Auttudes Toward the Poor

Levine, Naomi Schwartz, Mildred A. 1 he Myths kit Racial Integration. New York, Amman Trends in White Attitudes Toward Negroes. Chicago, Jewish Congress. 9 p. University of Chicago, National Opinion Research Center, NORC Report No. 119, Study 486, 1967. 134 p. Litcher, J.H., and Johnson, D.W. "Changes in attitudes towards Negroes of white ele- Sheatsley, Paul B. mentary school students after use of multi-ethnic readers." "White attitudes toward the Negro." In The Negro Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. 60, pp. 148-52. American, Talcott Parsons and Kenneth B. Clark, editors. Boston, Iloughton Mifflin, 1966. pp. 303-24. jor, Clarence Bibliography. The Dark and Feeling: Reflections on Blackmerican Writing.' New York. The Third Press, Joseph Okpaku Publish- ing Co.,1nc. Forthcoming in 1974. Sheatsley, Paul B. "White attitudes toward the Negro." Daedalus, Winter, North Carolina Fund. 1966, pp. 217-38. How North Carolina Whites and Blacks View: Each Other, Government and Pulie, Housing, Poverty, Education, Supplemental Studies for the National Advisory Commission and Employment. Durham, N.C., North Carolina Fund, on Civil Disorders. 1968. 37 p. New York, FrederickA. Praeger, Publishers, 1968. Praeger Special Studies in U.S. Economic and Social Develop- Opinion Research Corpo tion. ment, conducted bytheUniversity of Michigan, Johns White and Nero A itudes towards Rst.e Related Issues Hopkins University, and Columbia University. 248 p. and Activities: A CBSews Public Opinion Survey. Prince- ton, N.J., Opinion Rese rch Corporation, July 9, 1968. 37 p./ This survey has two main sections: "The Negro as Taylor, William sees himself and as he thinks whites see him," on pages 1-8; hanging To,gc:hcr. Equality in an Urban Nation. New and "Negro wants and needs," on pages 9-16. The appendfx, York, Simon and Schuster1971. 348 p. on pages 19-37. contains three sections; (1) facts about those Bibliography: pp. 323-30. interviewed: (2) an examination of the answers given to question 37 ("Would you say that Negroes have played an Tyler, Gus important part Ulf not a very important part in the history of "Contemporary labor's attitude toward the Negro." In this ,:ountry? Why do you feel that way'"), with many The Negro and the Amerman Libor Movement, Julius sample answers quoted from those who had answered the Jawbson,editor.Garden CO, ,N.Y.,Doubledayand question affirmatively, with breakdowns by Negro and white Company, Inc., 1968. pp. 358-75. respondents; (3) a facsimile of the questionnaire used, with the 55 questions spelled out completely, and the instructions Tyler, Lawrence L. for the potters. Parts of the questionnaire were for whites The Black Muslim Identity as Viewed by NonMushm only. Blacks. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Missouri, 1970. 105 pages. Penick, ffen'on Ellsworth Knowledge ot Slack Culture as a Factor in Attitudes andBehaviors ot Whites and Blacks. Ph.D. dissertation. Vidulich, Robert N., and Krevanick, Frank W. K;tnsas State University, 1970.88 pages. "Racial attitudes and emotional responseto visual representations of the Negro." The Journal ofSocial Reuter, Edward Byron Pscyhology. Vol. 68, First Half, February, 1966, pp. 85-93. The American Race Problem. Introduction and revision by Jitsuich, Nlasuoka, 3rd edition. New York, TN Crowell, Weiss, Walter 1970. 411 p. "An examination of attitude toward Negroes." Journal Illustrations. bibliographies. of Social PsychilOqy, Vol. 55, October, 1961, pp. 3-21.

Rodman. Hyman lie. tie, Frank R. "The lower classes and the Negroesimplications 'for "Negro-white status ditlerential and social distance." intelleoualF." In New Perspectives on Poverty, Arthur B.s,American Sociolog:cal Re-"new, Vol.17, No. 5, October, Shostak and W;Iliam Gomberg, editors, Englewood Cliffs, 1952, pp. 550-58.- NJ., Prenti,e-Hall, Inc., 1965. pp. 168.72.

Rossi, Peter IL, et al. Westie, Frank R., and Westie, Margaret L. Between White and Black: The Faces of American "The social distance pyramid: relationships between caste and lass." American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 63, Inst)tuno6sinthe Ghetto. Baltimore, Md., The Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Social Relations, June, 1968, No. 2, Sept..mber, 1957, pp. 190-96. 215 p. Wilderson, Ida-Lorraine Jules Schatter, R .th C., and Schaffer, A. The Relationships Between Black Awarenes, Orienta- Soollization and tht. develuprni.nt ot attitout., toward tion for Aduevement, and Measured At.hievement fur Urban Negroes in Alabam :." Phi Ion, Vol, 27, No. 3, 1966, pp. Elibh School Students. Ph.D.dissertation.Universityof /274-85. Minnesota, 1972. 158 pages.

90. B. 5. d. Mexican-Americans / 83 b. Puerto Ricans Wasserman, Maurice Marc ' The American Indian As Seen by the Seventeenth Fitzpatrick, Joreph P. Century Chroniclers. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Penn- "The adjustment of Puerto Ricans to New York City." sylvania, 1954. 487 pages. In American Race Relations Today: Studies of the Problems Beyond Desegregation, Earl Raab, editor. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, 1962. pp. 171-77.

Thomas, A., et al. d. Mexican-Americans "ExaminereffectinIQtestingof PuertoRican working-classchildren." Atnerican Journal of Orthopsy- Ahlgren, Robert D. chiatry, Vol. 41, October, 1971, pp. 809-21. "Avtda." Legal Aid Briefcase, Vol. 29, No. 2, 1970, pp. 43-46.

Casavantes, Edward "Pride and prejudice: a Mexican-American dilemma." Civil Rights Digest, Vol. 3, No. 1, Winter, 1970, pp. 22-27. c. Indians Davidson, Chandler, and Gaitz, Charles M. Dippie, Brian William "Ethnic attitudes as a basis for minority cooperation in The Vanishing American, Popular Attitudes and Ameri- a southwestern metropolis." SuLial Surma Quarterly, March, can Indian Policy in the Nineteenth Century. Ph.D. disserta- 1973, Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 738-48. tion. Austin, University of Texas, 1970. 311 pages. Table 1. "Social Distance Attitudes of Anglos, Blacks and Mexican Americans." Table 2: "Minorities; Perception of Evans, James Leroy our Group's Position." Table 3: "Ethnic Attitudes Towards The Indian Savage, the Mexican Bandit, the Chinese Means of Achieving Equality ." Table 4. "Ethnic Attitudes HeathenThree Popular Stereoty pes. Ph.D. dissertation. Uni- Towards Interpretation and Civil Rights." versity of Texas, 1967. Dean, T.; Borkan, B.; and Pless, I.B. Hanson, Lorie, et al. "Attitudes of rural physicians toward the medical care Suburban School Children and American Indians. A of migrant farm workers, crippled children, and the elderly ." Survey of Impressions. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota, American Journal uj PublicIltalth,Vol. 61, November, Training Center for Commuity Programs, May, 1970. 49 p. 1971, pp. 2195-2200.

Nash, G.B. Moore, Joan W., with Cuellar, Alfredo "Image of the Indian in the southern colonial mind." Mexican Americans. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. Prentice- It illiam and ury Quarterly, Vol. 29, April,1972, pp. Hall, 1970. Ethnic Groups in American Life Series, xii, 197-230. 172 p. In a short but telling book, the author covers much Olsar, John W. territory, occasionally utilizing brief statistical tables. The The u.ban Indian as viewed by an In.lian c. seworker." sociology, job picture, origins, and history of this maligned In The American Indian in Urban S -,iety, , Jack 0. Waddell grouparegivenattention. Bibliographyand index are and 0. Michael, editors. Boston, L.cile, Brown, 1971. pp. provided. "Mexicans as Anglos See Them," is on pages 2-6, 398-408, "Mexican Americans as They See Themselves," is on pages 6-9. Reno, Thomas Richard A Study of the Knowledges and Attitudes of Navajo Simmons, Ozzie G. Indiansin Two Commuities Toward Navajo Reservation "Mutual images and expectations of Anglo-Americans Schools. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Michigan State and Mexican-Americans." Dotdalus, Vol. 15, Spring, 1961, University, 1971. 102 pages. pp. 286-99.

Riggs, Sister Francis Mary Whitebead, Carlton J., and King, Albert S. Attitudes of Missionary Sisters Toward American Indian "Differences in managers' attitudes toward Mexican and Acculturation. Ph.D. dissertation. The Catholic University of Non-Mexican Americans in organizational autnority rela- America, 1961. 349 pages. tions." Social Slence Quarterly, March, 1973, Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 760-71. Tables. Sheppard, George K. The Effects of an Audiovisual Presentation on Fifth Graders' Attitudes toward American Indians. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Utah State University, 1971. 103 pages. e. Eskimos Stratton, J. "Cops and drunks:police, attitudes and actions in nippier, Arthur E. cleaur,g with Indian di un'," Inttrnat.unal Journal uj Addle Barrokd and Kotzebue. An Exploratory Comparison of non, Vol. 8, 1973, pp. 613-21. Acculturation and Education in Two Dirge Northwestern 91 841 B. Attitudes Toward the Poor

AlaskaVillages.Minneapolis, Minn., Training Center for Community Programs, University of Minnesota, December, 1969. 64 p.

Martin, David Standish A Study of Pupil Ethnocentrism toward Pre-Western Eskimo 'Culture in Relation to Certain Learner Variables and Instructional Conditions. Ph.D. dissertation. Chestnut Hill, Mass., Boston College, 1971. 421 pages.

Tauran, Rouland Herman The Influences of Reading on the Attitudes of Third Graders Toward Eskimos. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Mar!, land, 1967. 94 pages.

-r.

3Z B. Attitudesao_ward the Poor

6. Attitudes of Employers and Managers Toward the Poor

Abts, Henry W. Bureau of Social Science Research, Inc. "A positive polii..y." Linp/o,yfili,/11 St.nu.t. Rcuttt, Vol. Emplupnent Contexts and Divdyantaged Workers. ) 44, No. 3-4, March/April, 1967, pp. 10-11+ Washington, D.C., 1970.

Adams, Arvil Van Callender, Eugene S. A Study Lit Negro Employ ment Patterns in Metropoli- "Business and the hard-core unemployed. the ghetto tan Memphis, Tennessee. Ph.D. dissertation. University of subi..ulture." Persunn,l, Vol. 45, No. 4, July/August, 1968, Kentucky, 1970. 303 pages. pp. 8-14.

Adams, Dwight S. Cassell, Frank H. 41 The United Fund Exe,utive. Reaaluns of a Health and "The disadvantaged employers." Personnel Adp4ofisfra- Weltare Leader to Federal Progr..ni linpai..t, Theory Shifts, bon, Vol. 31, No. 6, November/Del.ember, 1968. al. 24-29. and Social Change, 1957-1967. Ph.D. dissertation. Brandeis University, The Florence Helier Graduate School for Ad- Champagne, J.E., et al. vanced Studies in Social Weltare, 1970. 323 pages. EmployingM..Hard-Core.InternalOrganizational Effects.Houston, Tex., University of texas, College of Alsikafi, M., et al. Business Administration, Center for Human Resources, 1970. "Managerial attitudes toward labor unions in a southern 28 p. oty." Journal of Applied Psyt.hologt,Vol. 52, No. 6, This interestingly written book surveys the prof'' December, 1968, pp. 447-53. managers confront in dealing with hard-core employees." authors also discuss the attitudes of the hard-core unemploy- American Home Econonms Assooation. ables toward the authority structure that encapsulates them, Re7gional ConferenceWorkingwithLuw-Ini.oinc. and problems management has with espe..ially these workers. Conference Summary. American Home Ei..yriomn.s Some references to "attitudes" are on pages 3, 4, and 18. Association Regional Conference, January 21-22, 1966.41 p. Mimedgraphed. Chin, Robert; I'ollitt, L. Irving; and Hadley, Herschel N. Impact Upon. the Organization of Hiring the Disad- BeLker, Joseph M. vantaged. Report of a Study of Two Companies. Boston, rivesupplementationi,tpublk.unempluy ment Boston University, Human Relations Center, November, ,bent.its." In Toward Freedom prom Want, Sar A.Levitan, 1971. 258 p. , Wilbur .1.Cohen, and Robert J. Lampman, editors. Madison, Tables. Wis., Inchstrial Relations Ri..seara Assuoation Series, Uni- This studydealsmostlywith black disadvantaged versity of Wiscorisin, 1968. pp. 105-32. workers,presentingtheirattitudes toward management, supervisor-workerrelationships,andchangesinhiring Becker, loceph M. policies. Also included are questionnaire samples and several Int Problt.i uj Abuat in tnc.mploymtnt Beduins. A interpretative data squares. for example, aange perceived as Studyin Lomb. IN-v, York, Columbia UniversityPress, assouated with i.ultural/raoal bal.kground was broken down 1953. into process variables such as getting along, with people, The extent to w Mai the publi, is upset about uneni produaivity, judging work, and i.oni.ern for thi.,dividuars ployment insurance misuse is seen as one of two crit,cal welfare. factors in deciding on the type of systeir needs for the community. DeCro;.v, Roger Cross cultural interactionskills:a digest of recent, Brooke, Joel 1. training literature. Syracuse, N.Y., ERIC-Clearinghouse on "Sampling the opinion of 73,000 managers." Personnel Adult Education, February, 1969. 74 p. Admaustratgon, Vol. 18, Nu. 6, November, 1955, pp. 21 -2b. Because this report is abot.t the cffel.ts of suss- cultural

I 93 / 85 861 B. Attitudes Toward the Poor

Lnange on businessmen, aibtit interLst in geriLral. Thu L is an and Employees of Fruit and Vegetable Farms with Emphasis annotated bibliography on pages 47-69. on Labor Management Practices Utilized.EastLansing, Mich., Rural Manpower Center, Michigan State University. Deutsch, Steven E. Available from the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and "PerLeption of and attitudes toward automation. a Technical Information, Springfield, Va., 1968.71 p. study of local union leaders." Labor Law Jovrnal, July, 1967, pp. 396-405. Gurin, Gerald Tables. "Motivational issues in manpower training programs." Thisisa study of union leaders' attitudes toward In The SOL.1.11SLienLes and Manpower Researa. Ames, Iowa, automation. Degree of agreement was examined on suLh Industrial Relations Center, Iowa State University, 1969. pp. statements as, "The proposed guaranteed wage to all Ameri- 50-82. cans even if they are not employed would destroy indiv:dual initiative," and, "Many of the unemployed, particularly Gutman, Emmanuel Negroes and southern workers, are not seriously trying to "Social attitudes of trade L fists." Dissent, Vol. 15, find jobs." January/February, 1968, 12 p. Drotning, John E.. and Lipsky, David B. Ilabbe, Stephen "flow unionleadersview lob training programs." Following Up Attitude Survey Findings. New York, Monthly Labor Rt. wte.tv. April, 19q-1, pp. 65-66. Footnote National Industrial Conference Board, Inc,, 1961. Studies in references. Personnel Policy, No. 181.75 p. The reactions of 115 employers involved with ProjeLt (-harts, diagrams, facsimile opinion questionnaires. JET inwestern New York were paired with 115 not The material inthis book, though dated, could be affiliated. The research attempted to unravel. local union adapted to the purpose of analyzing attitudes b employment leaders'LonLepts, of programsfordisadvantagedblaLk situations where hard-Lore or minority members are being workers, in what fightthey apprehended their members absorbed into the workstreant. appreciation of the programs, how the union leaders felt about one standard of Work deportment for disadvantaged, Ilakel, M.D., and Mannel, C.11. and another for average workers, and how hard do the union "Interviews.the eye of thebeholder." Journal of heads feel it will be for the trainees to measure up to the college Placement, Vol. 29, No. I, 1968, pp. 38-41+ needed standards of their employer companies. lacobelli, John L. Drutning, John L. Lipsky, David B., and Ratter. My run D. "A survey of employer attitudes toward training the "Union attitudes towards signifiLant a Teas of job disadvantaged." Monthly Labor Res,:cic,Vol. 93, No. 6, trainingpfogramsforthedisadvantaged.'Labor Law June, 1970, pp. 51-55. Journal, Vol. 23, No. IJanuary, 1972, pp. 13-24. Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations, The University of Eidson, Bettye Kirkpatrick Michigan-Wayne State University. InstitutionalRacism: Minority,GroupManpower A Study of l'atterns of Discrimination in Employment. Policies of Major Urban Employefs. Ph:D. dissertation. The Prepared for the Equal Employment Opportunity Commis- Johns llopkins University, 1971. 31.8 pages. sion, September, 1966. 300 p.

Ferman, LOUIS A. Institute for Social Research, The of Michigan. "' lehard-coreunemployed:myth andreality." Discrimination Without Prejudice: A Study of Promo- Poverty and Human Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, Nu. 6. pp. tion Practices in Industry. Ann Arbor, Institute for Social 5-12. Research, Survey Research Center, The University. of Michi- gan, Organizational Studies, Series 2, Report I. November, Finkelmeler, Robert Louis 1964. 45 p. The Qualities and Attitudes of the First-Line Supervisor Jacobelli, John Louis Who Directs the Disadvantaged V_ rker. PILD. dissertation Training Programs of Private Indtistry in the Greater University of Cincinnati, 1971. Cleveland Area. Ph.D. dissertation. Austin, University of Texas, 1969. 256 pages. Gelber, Steven NI ichaal Black Men and P'.sinessmen: Business Attitudes toward Kobrak, Peter Negro I mploy inent, !";5 1967. Ph.D. dissertation. Madison, Private Assumption 0/ Pubbt Responstbdatcs The Role Wis The Universa, ot Wisconsin. 1972. 477 pages. oi Amertcan Rusutesc to Urban Manpower Programs. New York, Praeger Publishers, 1973. Praeger Special Studies in Gin/berg, Ph U.S. Economic, Social, and Political Issues. xii, 257 p. "Poverty and the Negro." In The Disadvantaged Poor. Bibliography: pp. 246-51. and Employ ment, Task ForLe on LLunoialL. This is a book of signal intimtanLe fur those interested (..,rowth and Opportunity. Washington, D.C., Chamber tit ininLorporating the hard-Lure pour into the manpower ornmerL: ot the United States, 1966. pp. 207-28. mainstream. The author has drawn together a highly readable synthesis of industria history, outreach theory and practice, Qien. ( harks W.,1, iedvougd, WilliamL.. and Voland, and the needs and postures of business. The business world's Maurice E. Image of the ideal worker differs vastly from that presented A Stutt,titInterpersonal Relations among Managers by the hard-Lor: poor, fur this reason, tronendous problems 94 B. 6. Employers. Managers / 87 are encountered in incorporating these employ ees into the Washington,D.C., December28.1967. Available from busincs.s mainstream. An especially interesting depiction of Department of Industry, Wharton School of ririance and thedisparitybetweenidealism and pragmatisminthe Commerce, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 25 businessworld isTable8, on pages154-57, entitled p. "Divergent Orientation of Community Power and Com- munity Service Organizations on the Manpower Game." Operation Retrieval. Chapter 8, "Third Paley Intermediaries and Minority Group Impact on Community Organizations and Institutes Employ ment. The Milwaukee Experience," cites some of the made by MDTA Experimental and Demonstration Projects perspectives and ideological stances of managers, especially for Disadvantaged Youth, rural Report. Los Angeles, U.S. tin pages 1'0 -77. Appendix C, the questionnaires, on pages Dept. of Labor, Office of ManpowerPuhcy,Evaluation and 206-222. gives in full the questions given for (1) corporate Rest-arch, Human Interaction Research Institute, June 15, executives, (2) NAB Program Components and Attitudes \967. 75 p. Toward the JOBS Enrollees, (3) The Administration of the JOBS, Program, (4) Group relations in the JOBS Program, Perry ,J .B. , Jr., and Snyder, E.E. followed by a Questionnaire for Community and Civil Rights "Opinions of farm employers tuwaid wc.ltare assistance Groups. The footnotes for the individual chapters contain fLy Mexican American migrant workers."Suciolog) and hundreds of worthwhile references. Sicial Research,Vol. 55, January, 1971, pp. 161-69.

Levine, Abraham S. P;Ips,William R., and Reno, Jack r A`Jobtraining programs br the disadvantaged. how Lan "Joint training.a ioutline for a course of study." they becomemore effective?"Welfare in Rei.teit ,Vol. 8, Nu. Charleston, W.Va., WestVirginia Division of VoLational 1, Jimuary/February, 1970, pp. 1-7. ilitation and Dept. of Welfare. December, 1972. Final

revi on.Reivbi 121 p. Levine, U.J. Illutrat ions, tables. is "The pnyate sector and Negro employ ment problems. This article discusses clients' needs and the method of ma(ked progress in sight tuwards a change in attitudes by the taking those needs inl9 account. during vocationa' rehabiltia- business community."Mtehigan State CtuverstoBusiness nun. On page 4;...1,, a discussion of misconceptions about Topics,Vol. 17, Winter. 1968, pp. 63-70. welfa e recipients, with a list of four sources of further support,most of which detail research studies involving client - Lew is. Morgan V,. Cohn, Elchailan, and Ilughes, David N. counseslorperceptions and attitudes. On pages 69-70, the Recruiting, Placing, and Retaining the Hard -to- Employ. attitudes of those people training the underemployed are A Study of Factors Influencing the Retention of Participants ina Concentrated Employment Program andintheir Subsequent Employ ment.Pennsylvania StateUniversity, Purcell, Theodore V., and Webster. Rosalind Institute for Research on Iluman Resources, October, 1971. indow on the hard-cure world. if you hope to help 7C0 p. peoplen the ghettos to enter the-world of industry you must tinerstand the world from whirl- they come."Harvard London, 11.11. BusinessReview,Vol. 47, No. 4, July/August, 1969. pp. How Fare MOTA Ex-trainees? An 18 Months Follow- 118-29, Up Study of 500 Such Persons. Columbia, University of Missouli. December, 1967. 203 p. Quinn,112. '.; Levitin. T.; and Eden. D. Job "'paining for the Disadvantaged: Must It Faill Nnn Lynton, Edith Arbor,iq"ch.,University of Michigan. Survey Res..areh "Will they La hired?"The American Cluld,Vol. 47, No. Center, un fated, I, January, 1965. pp. 11-14. Rendon, Avnando Malpass, R.S., and Symonds, J.S. "La. Rkiza- today not manana." Righta D 7, Vol. Some Reactions io Employing Blacks. Illinois Studies of No. I, Spring, 1964. pp. 7-17. the Economically Disadvantaged, Technical Report No. 10.

Champaign. Ill.. University of Illinois, Dept. of Psychology, Roessner, J. David . July. 1971. U.S, Dept,f Ilealth, EduLation. and Welfare, Employment Contexts andDisadvantaged Workers, Research Grant No 15-P5175/5. Prepared foOffice of Research and Development, U.S. Dept.of aborManpower Administration. Washington. Morgan, B.S.; Blonsky, M.R.. and Rosen. II. D.C.. Bureat of SuLial SLience Reseurc.h. Inc... November, "Employee attitudes toward a hard-core hiring pro- 1971. About ;225 p. gram."Journal of Applied Psychology,Vol. 54, 1970. pp. Tables. 473-78. On pag s 87-90, attitudes toward changing rules and hours for didvantaged workers are discussed. Table 11/-5 is "A new Lareers evaluation." on attitudesf employers toward exempting disadvantaged .Berkeley. Cal., The Institute tur Sell Governmein workers front rules, by exposure to WIN workers. In Seaton and the Oakland Redevelopment Agency, 1'169. bt p. VII, on pages 179-82. are employer expectations. attitudes. and accommodations. Northrup, Ilerbert R. ; Inira-Plant Mobility of Negroes. Souk. Industry Differ- Rosenberg, Btirnard. and Chapin, Penney . ences.PreparedforJointMeeting, American Economic "Management and minority groups. a study of attitudes Association and Industrial Relations Research Assuciatior,, and practices in hiring and upgrading," hi Discrimination and 95 88 ,11 Altitudes love.ird the Poor

Ns. Low Incomes,AaronAntonovskyand LouisLorwin, Somers. Gerald G. editors. New York, New \ork State Commission Against Government-Subsidized On- the -Job 'Framing. Surveys Discrimination. 1959. pp. 147-94. otI mph* er Attitudes. Madison, Wis., The University of Wisconsin, Center for Studies in Vocational and Technical Sattler, Jerome M. Education, 1966. Reprinted from U.S., Coniress. Hearings "Racial experimenter :fleets." In Comparative, Studies beture the Subeummittee un LinpluyThent and Manpower, ofBlacks and Whites in the United States, Kent S. Miller and 89th Congress, September, 1965, and 1-ebruary, 1966. pp.. Ralph Mason Dreger, editors. New York, Seminar Press, 23-19. 1973. pp. 7-32. This paper includes three sets or surveys (.1962-63, This article on experimenter influence includes sections 1964. and 1965) on managers' feelings toward the evalua- n physiologicalresponsiveness,taskperformance,per- tions ut the practice of government intervention in providing sonality, attitudes and preferenees, interviews, and psychu- employment retraining and apprenticeship -programs. the H. The author compared the performances on various task., of blacks and whites when the race and sex of the Strauss, George experimenter varied, finding that variations such as rice and -How management views its race relation responsibili- sex can influence the-experiment. ties." In Employment, Race, and Poverty, Arthur M. Ross and Herbert lliel, editors. New Yolk, Harcourt, Brace, and Schermer, George World, 1967. pp. 261 -89. Employer's Guide to Equal Opportunity. Washington, D.C., The Potomac Institute, Inc., Mardi, 1966, 77 p. Sundquist, James I.. "Jobs for the. hard-core unemployed."PersonnelAd- ministration, Vol: 32, No. 5, September/October, 1969, pp. Schlitzer, Vera Myers, et al. 8-18. AttitudinalBarrierstoEmployment. Minneapolis, Minn., The-University of Minnesota. 1961.69 p. U.S. President. Questionnaires. Manpower Report of the President. Needs and Strate- The authors questioned 800 personnel managers from gies in Manpower Policies: Including Employer Attitudes. across the United States and 510 first-line supervisors from Job Structure,Life-Style, Manpower Policy, Subem ploy- the Minneapolis area on their attitudes abo'.it hiring physi- went, and Training. Washington, D.C., U.S. Dept. of Labor, cally handicapped people. transmitted to Congress. April, 1968. pp. 103-8.

'1 Slexton.13rendan Wachtel, Dawn "I Apar unions and the poverty program Labor in The Negro and Disennimation in Employment. Ann America. proci,..linge ofa eonterence of May 19 and 20. Arbor, Universityof;Michigan and Wayne State `1,966, eau!, ..it. Ilartei. Jrand John Keltner, editors. University, Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations. 1965. Corvallis..?reg,,'i State Unnersity Press. 1967. pp. 83-92.1 9(t+ p. aibliography7 Signori. I dro 1, Re-Tel Ibmry , and Stevens, Harry iphy An attitudes toward hiring socially disad- Cha.h:s W. vantaged persons. ht ,.!z.Reports. Vol,20, 1967, pp. "Black une4kployment in a prosperous nation." Train- 643.7;h. ingand Derelopmenta; Journal.Vol. 23, No. I I, Ij(ovember, hough the sources are solhewhat dated. and there are 1969, pp. 8-9. no ann, the list ot elution s is a comprehensive one, andincludes many type'otsocialdisadvantages.1 he Young, Richard A, handicapped, the older ve4,-Ler, the minority worker, the Recruiting andIhring Minoru) Linployces.New York, drop-out. and the ex.-44 lender are all included. American Management Association,-Inc., 1969. 114 p. 4.1inpel, Lloyd, and Panger, Daniel Signori, I &oil Ind Rempeh !tinny Butntes% and the Hard-Core Unemployed: Manage- "Sur% e'yni iThermunatory behets and attitudes toward -,nt (oath' to Hiring,Training. and Motirating Minordi employ men t ut socially disadvaataged psi naps tbotogh 3tart c ri New York. brederick hell, Inc.. 1970, 320 p. Rtrort%Vol 21 No. :v. December. 1967. pp. 983-84. Chapter 4. "Picking Your Man: Selection and Testing," The authors unfired their own previously-published an excellent, succinct discussion that realistically' examines bibliography on attitudes ofmanag:rs on the subject ot the interview with poor people or with minority members. luringthedisadvantagedAbouttottycollegestudents parpopmed iii their ate tv ui eari011s ohmic minority groups Allit the various manifestations of disadvantaged, hard-core attitudes are brought out. the unexpected and sometimes in (1 ana4aI he various groups were assigned tun Table II the inappropriate candor, the Ware dress, the lack of reciproca- number ot attitudes the subieets suninnaled up about them. tionIn the interview with regard to white etiquette. the [lien twel'.. lieuristie elasifieations were collated which tell desire to start .it higher than entry job (which is usuely under silo,topic. evaluation" and "motivational trait, impossible to 011), or a desire for a higher salary than it would be possible to give. The author explains how sonic "aberrations" of manner can actually be thought normal and Snyder, I Lion I and Perry, B.. Jr desirable for blacks 71 arm c iii Iyer attitudes toward Mexican - American migrant workers Rural .SotiOloo.Vol 35, No. 2. June, 1,,7t1, pp. 244-52 96 B. Attitudes' Toward the Poor

z 7. Attitudes of Social Workers and Social Intervention Workers Toward the Poor

Aaron, Henry J. Berman, Isaac Why is WelfareSo lard to Reform.'Washington, D.C., FamilyTherapywiththePoor. The Ambivalent The Brookingsinstitutiun, i973.StudiesinSocial TherapistandtheReluctantFamily. Presented atthe ,Economics. x, 71 p. Western PsychologicalAssociation, March,1968, 7+ p. Charts, tables. Available from the author at California State College, Los This book is an excellent introduction to the multifold Angeles, Cal. problem ofincomemaintenance.Inchapterone,the introduction, the author says that, "because the politics of Bernard, L. Dianne welfaiexpresses variuus attitudes abuut welfare recipients The Impact uf the First Year uf Prufessiunal Lducation and about other values, no agreement exists abuut what in Social Work on Student Value Positiuns. Ph.D. disserta- constitutes,welfare reform even if cost were no object." (p. tion. Bryn Mawr College, 1967. 170 pages. 2) Although the theories of several major welfare economists are briefly mentioned, the emphasis is on outlining the Billingsley Andrew theory adjuncts uf welfare reform, especially the questiun of "Black families and white social science."Journal of work incentives. A number of figures Illustrate the behavior Social Issues,Vol. 26, No. 3, 1970, pp. 127-42. of the various welfare grant dispersal plans. `Bibliography. The authorlists the deficiencies of many sociology textbooks and sociological treatises written by whites. For Adams, P L. "paltng with racism in biracial psychiatry." Journalof example, the role of the Negro is frequently glossed over or the American Academy of Child Psychiatry,Vol. 9, 1970, given a disproportionately small textual consideration. pp. 33-43. Blum, Sandor Elia The Influence of Contrasting Work Arrangements on A moss, H.L. Public Assistance Workers' Empathy and Warmth for Clients. "Understanding and working with special groups." Ph.D.dissertationinSocial Work. Northampton, Mass., Archnes of Emironmcntal Health(Chicago), Vol. 20, Apeil Smith College, School for Social Work, 1970. 154 pages. 1970, pp. 537-39. Blum, Zahava, and Rossi, Peter Arangio, Anthony Joseph Social Class Research and Images of the Poor: A Individual Change or Institutional Change?: A Survey of, Bibliographic RevieW.Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Univer- Prevailing Attitudes of Professional Social Workers toward sity, The Center for the Study of Social Organization of Change 1 argots,Goals, and Tactics. Ph.D. dissertation. Schools, March, 1968.94 p. Tulane University, 1970:143 pages. Boroskin, A., and Giampiccolo, LS., Jr. "Effect of staff ethnocentrism on the rating of self-help Aumente, Jerome skillsofminoritygroupmentallyretardedpatients." "Detroit buildi from the ashes."Think,Vol. 35, No. 5, American Journal of Mental Deficiency.Vol. 76, September, Septeihber/October..1969, pp. 15-17. 1971, pp. 249 -5I.

Barnhill, Howard C. Brecher, Sally Ls; Kilguss, Anne F.; and Stewart. Dorothy ThepsychologicalaspectsufpuvertyinNorth "Participants' view of an antipoverty program.",Social ( drolina."InWorking with Low-Income Families. North Casework,Vol. 49, November, 1968, pp. 537-40. Carolina Home Economics Association, February 10-12, 1%6, Raleigh; N.C.. pp. 3-8. Available from Dr. Josephine Brennan, W.J. Foster, Department of Home Lconomics. Last Carolina " Public relatiuns."Hospitals,Vol. 46, April 1,1972, College, Greenville, N.C. pp. 177-80. 97 89 90/B. Attitudes Toward the Poor \

Campbell, J. Drotning, John E.; tmisky.,..11avicLB.;_and.fiottler-,--.Myron D. "Working relationships between providers and con- Ju'bs, Education, and Training. Research of a Project sumers in a neighborhood health center." ,lincriciin Journal Combining On the-Job and Literacy Training for the Disad- of Public Health, Vol. 61, 197i, pp. 97-103. vantaged.Buffalo,Department ofIndustrialRelations, School of Business Administration, The State University of Caplan, Gerald New York. 22+ p. Concepts of Mental Health and Consultation: Their Application in Public Health Social Work. With supple- Dummett, C.O. mentary chapters in public health social work, by Virginia "Understandingtheunderprivilegedpatient." 71u. Insley. Washington, .D.C., U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, Journal of the American Dental .1.s.sociation,Vol.79, and Welfare, Children's Bureau, 1959. Available from U.S. December, 1969, pp.1363-67. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C, (reprinted 1969) 269 p. Eisenberg, Terry; Fosen; Robert II., and Glickman, Albert S. On pages 137-43 attitudes toward clients are discussed, Police Commullli.1 rum. A Program for Change in asrelatedtotheteacher- expectational -settheoryof Police-CommunityBehasior Patterns. New York, Praeger Rosenthal and Jacobson. Thechapter. "Mental Health Publishers, 1973. Praeger Special Siudies in U.S. Economic, Consultation," covers consultor-consultee attitudes and rela- Social, and Political Issues. xiv, 201 p. Gy tionships. Facsimiles, illustrations, tables. This book isthe intriguing record of Project PACE Carkhuff, R., and Pierce, R. (Police and Connuhnity Enterprise), which was conducted in "Difterential effects of therapists's race and social class 1967-71 in San Francisco. The goals, of the project were. upon patient depth 01 self-exploration in the initial clinical "...toprogressively and constructively induce and sustain interview." Journal of Consulting P.s.ichology, Vol. 31, 1967. sociallydesirablebehavioralchanges among Police and pp. 631-34. citizens.... The behavioral modifications expected include both verbals (i.e., attitude) and performance (i.e., action) dimensions." (pp. 5-6) Chapter 3, on pages 14-36, is, "The Chellant. II.P., and Kurtz, R.A. First Phase: Attitude Survey and Curricula Development." "Factors affecting social workers' judgments of alco- The entire book includes copious documentation in the form holics." Journal of health and Social Behavior, Vol. 13, of facsimile reproductions such as stories from the news- December, 1972, pp. 331-36. papers and various questionnaire portions. In appendix B, on pages 107-21, the attitude questionnaires include qu .uons Cobb, Charles W. asked of Policemen (while remaining anonymous) on a broad "Community mental health services and the lower spectrum of community life in their San Francisco experi- socioeconomic classes. a summary of research literature un ences. Naturally, the topics of poor people, welfare, racial outpatient treatment (1963-19691." American Journal of minorities,andviewsoncityinhabitants-policeforce Orthopsychurtry, Vol. 42, No. 3, April, 1972, pp. 404-14. relationships are emphasized rather heavily. Bibliographic references. Included in this well-written article is a section on "The Epstein, Irwin Assignment of Therapists," on pages 407.8, in which Cobb "Organizational careers, professionalization, and social points ,out that the lower class sees social workers for the worker radicalism." Social Service Review, Vol. 44, June, same reasons that the middle class sees psychiatrists. In the 1970, pp. 123-31. section, "Staff Attitudes." on page 410, the author mentions that some studies seem toreveal a biasin physicians' Epstein, Irwin treatment of lower classes, while' other studies indicate that "Social work and social action: attitudes toward social because ,of the environment in which the poor live, special action strategies." Social Work, Vol.13, April, 1968, pp. measures are necessary for treatment. 101-8.

Ewing, Doris Yvonne -7` Cohen, Eli, et al. Attitudes and Perceptions of Social Workersiin Missouri "Forum: credentials, careers and conflicts." American Mental Health Centers. Ph.D. dissertation. Columbia, Univer- Child, Vol. 49, No. 1, Winter, 1967, pp. 20-32. sity of Missouri, 1971. 249 pages.

Daniel, Jack Lee Feinberg, Lawrence B., and English, R. William Factors in Effective Communication Between Profes- RehabilitationintheInnerCity.Syracuse,N.Y., sionals, Nonprofessionals and Poor People. Ph.D. dissertation Syracuse University Press, 1970. iv, 119 p. in Speech. University of Pittsburgh, 1968. 159 pages. The first section, Model Cities and Vocational Rehabili- tation, contains at least two pertiment portions: "Rehabilita- tion and Non-Model Cities" by Anthony S. DeSimone (pp. Dennis, Lloyd B. 9-15), and "The Comment" by John D. Coleman (pp. "American Indians: neglected minority." Editorial Re- 16-22). Discussed are' the various hazards inthe access- search Reports, Vol. 11, No. 8, August 24, 1966, pp 621-40. delivery cycle, and on pages 18-19, the need to diagnose the attitudes of low-income consumers and the necessity of a, Dorman, Patricia McLain change in attitude on the part of establishment planners. The Professionalism and Bureaucracy in Public Welfare. A final chapter, "Generic. Problems of Poverty and the Inner Study of Selected Agencies in the Intermountain Region. City, un pages 106-9, deals with loth potential problems in Ph.D. dissertation. University of Utah, 1971. 160 pages. the alleviation of poverty for the inner core resident. The B. 7. Social Workers / 91 first is that by and large the poor are discriminated against in Grosser, Charles that the public disputes their right to receive supportive Perceptions of Professionals, Indigenous Workers, and services. The tourth problem givenis that there are yet Lower-Class Clients.Ph.D.dissertationin Social Work. unresolved tensions (of a basic acceptance-rootediture) on Columbia University, School of Social Work,1965. 155 the part of thosein the helping professions toward the pages. people they are supposedly sustaining. Gulledge, Z.L. Finn, L., and Martin, J.P. "An individualized approach to the problems of poverty "Psychiatry and the crisis otthe prison system." and dependency." In Research Utilization Conference on American Journal of Ps_st hotherapy, Vol. 27, October, 1973, Rehabilitation in Poverty Settings, Reuben J. Margolin and pp. 579-84. George J. Goldin, editors. Boston, Northeastern University, May, 1969, pp. 177-209. ['taxman, Erwin A Selected Bibliography on Teacher Attitudes. ERIC- Harkins, Arthur M., and Woods, Richard G. IRCD Urban Disadvantaged Series, No. I, January, 1969. Attitudes of Minneapolis Agency Personnel Toward Available trom the ERIC Information Retrieval Center on Urban Indians. Minneapolis, Minn., The University of Minn- the Disadvantaged, Teachers College, Columbia University, esota Training Center for Community .Prograins, December, New York, N.Y. 10027. 18 p. 196E, 74 leaves. Tablra's. Francis, V.; Korsch, B.M.; and Morris, M.J. On pages 35-38 is "Attitudes of Minneapolis Agency "Gaps in doctor-patient communication." New England Personnel Regarding Indians:" on pages 39-70 is "Responses Journal 01 Medicine, Vol. 280, 1969,, pp. 535-40. of Minneapolis Agency Personnel Regarding Indians;" on pages 71-74 is "Sonic. Implications of Agency Personnel Attitudes." The tables statistically illustrate non-hi;;I:. school Frankel, Marvin E. "Experiments in serving the indigent." In Community graduates versus high school graduates by sex. Action Against Poverty, George A. Brager and Francis P. Purcell, editors. New Haven, College and University Press, Ilarris, Elizabeth, and Stith, Marjorie Opinions and Attitudes of Head Start Trainees toward 1967. pp. 321-31. Poverty and Prejudice. Manhattan, Kansas, Kansas State Fredericks, M.A.; Mundy, P.; and Lennon, J.J. University, 1971. 95 p. "The nursing student: social background, at titudes, and expressed willingness to work in poverty programs." Journal Ileffernan, Joseph, Jr. of Nursing Education, Vol. 12, August, 1973, pp. 29-36. "Political activity and social work executives." Social Work, Vol, 9, April, 1964, pp. 18-23. Gartner, Alan "Services: do the poor use them?" Social Policy, Ilendrie, thigh C., and Hanson, Diane November/Decem:ber, 1970, pp. 71-72. "A comparative study of the psychiatric care of Indian The author feels that a change of attitude on the part of and Metis." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, Vol. 42 those delivering various services is called for, and that the No. 3, April, 1972, pp. 480-89. 'poor will respond in a generative way if they feel that the References, tables. people they have dealing with them are actually interested in The setting of this study is Winnipeg in Manitoba, where the lowest socioeconomic classes are the Indians and Metis them andrespect them, insteadoftreating them like wayward irresponsible children. (half-Indians). Those who were patients in psychiatric wards seemed to be overlooked in follow-up appointments in the

1 "Patient Attitude Gochros, J.S. course oftheir treatment. Table is "Recognition and use ot anger in Negro clients." Social Questionnaire." Staff attitudes are covered on pp. 486.87. Work, Vol. 11, 1966, pp. 28-34. Though the original hypothesis that the Indians did indeed get fewer post-release treatment - was proven by the research, the other half of the hypothesis that the Metis and Indians Goldberg, I I erbert were hostile toward psychiatrists and treatment -was not Some Problems in Therapeutic Group Encounter1\xper- iences withIndigenous Staff.Presentedto the Western proven. Psychological Association Convention. Los Angeles, Cali- Herzog, Elizabeth fornia State College, March 28, 1968. 9 p. "Social stereotypes and social research." Journal or Social Issues. Vol. 26, No. 3, 1970, pp. 109-25. Goodman, Leonard, Myers, Samuel; and McIntyre, Jennie Bibliography: pp. 122-25. Characteristics of Welfare Organizations and Sample The writer pleads for a change in stance among those Locations. Report No. 11, A National Study of the Aid to capable of changing thelot of the poor. Some of the Families with Dependent Children Program. Washington, stereotypes regarding poor people are reviewed, "Dubious D.C., The Bureau of Social Science Research, Inc.. July, Dichotomies" and "Dubious Continua" arc examined closely 1968. 54 p, for flaws inthe logic of professional sociologists, who sometimes jam concepts into slots for the sake of theory - Graham, James J. waking. "Civilliberties problems inwelfare administration." ,New York University Law Review, Vol. 43, No. 5, Novem- Iligman, !toward, limiter, Robert, and Adams, W.T. ber, 1968, pp. 836-9 15. The Colorado School: An Evaluation Report on the 92 / B. Attitudes Toward the Poor

University of Colorado Employment Seeuiity Institute on Larson, R.G. the Management and Operation of Youth Opportunity "ReaLtions to suLial pressure."Hospitals, Vol.46, April Programs, October 5-23, 1964. Boulder, Colo., University of 101972, pp. 181-86. Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science, Bureau of Socio- logical Research, 1965. Lee, Stephen Dennis Lnrullees at the institute (N=25) were tested before and SuLial Class Bias in the Diagnosis of Mental Illness. atter the learning sessions, niter these sessions, their perLep- Ph.D. dissertation, The Univvrsity of 01.1,huma, 1968. 79 tions about poverty had altered quite obviously. Questions pages. were asked of the enrollees that included several possible answers. For example, to make a complete statement of, "In' Leiby, J. most urban Lommunities, in the United States poverty is" "State' welfare institutions and the *pour."SoLial Case possible alternatives included "warned to people who lack work,Vol,.49, February, 1968, pp. 90-95. an aehievement orientation," or "more a problem in the East than the West." To make a complete statement of, "In most Lewis, Hylan urban Lummunines in the United States, the most important Appro:ILlies Through Team PraLtiLe to the Modification obstacle to the solution of the problem of povertyis" of ur Intervention in Situations of Cultural Deprivation. Lus possible alternatives included "Lummunity apathy, e.g., it is Angeles, National CunferenLe on Soda! Welfare, May, 1964.

not a concern of community leadership," or "obsolete or 11 P. backward government agency structures." The authois point Mitheographed. out that, "On two of the questions, dealing with solutions to the poverty problem and obstacles to the application of the Luthans, Fred solutions, the level of agreement appears to have inLreased." "Trainingforqualification. the Negroworker's There was also some experimentation un the LunLept of dilemma."Training and Development Journal,Vul. 22, No. changing the enrollee's notions of what was possible in 10, October, 1968. pp. 3-7. attitude change for mature people. Miller, Ronald Ililborn, John Richard Professional-Bureaucratic Conflict Among Public Social A Comparison ut Metropolitan and Normandale State Seri/1'x Workers. A Quantitative Study. Ph.D. dissertation. Junior College InstruLtor Attitudes Towards Disadvantaged New York University, 1971. 320 pages. Students. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Minnesota, 1972. 140 pages. Morrison, James H. "M-scale: encounter with reality; using an inventory of Holder, A. attitudes for 'sensitization' training of minority group super- "LnLounter in Alabama. Agee and the tenant farmer." visors."Training and Development Journal,Vul. 23, Oct- rirgunaQuarterlyReview,Vul.42, Spring,1966,pp. ober, 1969, pp. 20-21. 189-206. Papper, S. Inglis, Brian "The undesirable patient."Journal of Chrome Diseases, Men of Conscience.(English title:Poverty and the Vol. 22, May, 1970, pp. 777-79. IndustrialRevolution.) New York, Macmillan, 1972. 437 p. Illustrations. Pasteur, Alfred B. Thisisa history of poor people in England from The Social Class Origins of Black Counselors and Their I 795-1835, with an important slant un the various philan- Attitudes toward Disadvantaged Youth. Ph.D. dissertation. thropists,do-gooders, and revolutionaries who triedto Northwestern University, 1971. 157 pages. improve conditions, with special attention to their attitudes Pinderhughes, C.A. and solutions. "Understanding black power: processes and proposals." AmericanJournal of Psychiatry,Vol. 125, No. 11, 1969, p. Jacobs, Glenn "The reification of the notion of subculture in public 1553. Vol. 49, No. 9, November, 1968, welfare."Social Casework. Pratt, Lois pp. 527-34. "Level of sociological knowledge among health and social workers."Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. Keith, P.M., and Castles, M. 10,No. I, March, 1969, pp.59-65. "Impact of environmental fear on public health nurses." llealth Services Reports,Vol. 88, March, 1973, pp. 201-4. Pratt, Lois "Optimism-pessimism abouthelpingthe poor with Kranz, Moses Murray health problems." SocialWork, Vol. iS,No. 2, April, 1970, The Emergence of a Sociological View towards the pp. 29-33. Negro. Ph.D. dissertation. Los Angeles, Univer.,ity of Power, Manipulation, and Social Control: Uses of Power it 1971. 254 pages. Public Welfare Settings; six articles, Public Welfare, Vol. 31,Summeri 1973, pp. 16 -49. Iran,', P.L. "Toward achieving more meaningful encounters with Quinn, Edward Daniel minority -gioupclients."110,pita1 Communit).Plo . luau), An Investigation of the Relationships among TeaLlier Vol. 24, May, 1973, pp. 343-44. Characteristics, the Predominant Socioeconomic Class of

,nn B. 7. Social Workers / 93

Students, and Teacher LI teetiveness. Ph.D. dissertation in by the value system of the psychiatrist; -In the section, Lelueation. Indiana University, I9o8. 98 pages. "Black Attit tides," on pages 45-46, Thomas cites some of the research done by Ring and Schein. This research indicates Saldivar, Jose Guadalupe that the black community definitely does want psychiatric Elie Relationship bet wiien Participation in a Mexican treatment when necessary. Blacks also feel that there should American Cultural Training Program and Changes in Atti be more black psychiatrists, and that whites treating blacks tulles by Department of Public Welfare Linpluy ees. Ph.D. should have as much sensitivity toward black problems and dissertation. United States International University, 1971. outlooks as possible. 137 pages. Thoreson, Richard W., et al. Sanders, Charles L. Counselor Problems Associated with Client Character- BlackProfessionals' Perceptionsof Institutional !sties. Wisconsin Studies in Vocational Rehabilitation, Mono- Racism. InHealth and Welfare Organizations. Fair Lawn, graph No. 3. Madison, Regional Rehabilitation Research N.J., R.E. Burdick, Inc., Publishers, 1973. 203 p. Institute, The University of 1Visconsm, 1968, 37 p. Bibliography: pp. 195-203, tables. The entire book is relevant; there are some especially Trinchero, Agnes Theresa intere,sting and rather unique thoughts on what black social Communication Process and the Transmittal of Intent workers tea Table 13is "Common Perceptions Among in Social Pulley. A Descriptive Study of Organizational and Social Workers of Institutional Racism." Individual Factors Affecting the Communication of a Par- ticularPolicyin Selected Public Welfare Settings. Ph.D. Seligman, Michele R. dissertationin Social Work. University of Southern Cali- The Interracial Casework Relationship. Northhampton, fornia, 1971. 256 pages. Mass., Smith College, School for Social Work, 1968. 66 p. Trojanowicz, Robert C. Serra, Belen Milagros "The contrasting behavioral styles of policemen and . TheReliabilityand Concurrent Validityof Public social workers."Public Personnel Reweiv,Vol. 32, No. 4, Welfare Case Ratings. Ph.D. dissertation. Columbia Univer- October, 1971, pp. 246-51. sity, 1967. 214 pages. Turner, Francis Joseph Shaw, C.T. Social Work Treatment and Value Differences: An "A detailed examination of treatment procedures of Explorationof ValueDifferences and Specific Use of whites and blacks in hospitals." Social Scienceand IlLdiont, Casey ork 1 eehniques with Clients from Three Lamle Groups Vol. 5, June, 1971, pp. 251-56. Receiving Treatment in 'Family Agencies. Ph.D. dissertation. Columbia University, 1963. Suer, J.R. "Low- income families and schools for their children." U.S. Congress. Senate. Joint Economic Committee. .1dminotration Reiie iv,Vol. 30, July, 1970, pp. Problems in Administration of Public Welfare Progra 340-46. Hearings betore the Subcommittee on Fiscal Policy. 92nd Congress, 2d. Session. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government "Southern rights workers swap ideas." Printing Office, 1972. Part I: iv, 386 p. South Today, Vol. 4, No. 10, August, 1973. p. 7. Tables. This article is on the training conference of the National The testimonyof JanetRuscoll,directorofthe A ssoeiation of Human Rights Workers and the Southern Wyckoff Center in Brooklyn, is presented on pages 144-48, Regional Council in Athens, Georgia. her statement represents atypical viewpoint of a social service worker toward the poor. The pros and cons of welfare Streshinsky, Naomi Gottlieb are examined, as arethevarious techniques of welfare Welfare Rights Organizations and the Public Welfare administration, the social background of the welfare reelpi- Sy ,An InteraetionStudy.Ph.D. dissertation inSocial ent, welfare fraud, ambiguities in public assistance eligibility, Work, Berkeley, University of California, 1970. 236 pages. and loopholes. There are a number of sections where the feelings of the welfare recipients themselves toward the social Taylor. Theodore J. service people are brought out. A Regional Approach to the War Against Poverty. Texas Technological College, School of Business Administration, Vail, Susan March, 1968. 67+ p. "The effects of socio-economic class, race, and level of experience on social workers' judgments of clients."Smith Thomas, Regan college Studies in Social Work,Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 1970, "'Hie white- psycluatnst vs. the black patient: are blacks pp. 236-46. being brain washed?"IlbsourtMedicine. Vol. '69, No. 1, January, 1972, pp. 41-46, 52. Walsh, J.L. The authorreviewsthemedicalliteratureof the "Nurses, professional striving and the poor-a ease of eighteenth century with its vary mg mythology on blacks, and incompatibility." Social Se um"and ihdicuw,Vol.3, puts the somewhat erroneous generalizations on contem- August, 1969, pp. 217-27. porary blacks into a more realistic framework. In addition, Moynihan and Jensen are cited. The section, "Attitude: a Waxman, Chaim I. prelude to therapy," on pages 43-44, states that without a Poiert, .Power and I' ,,huts.New York, Grosset and proper foundation for therapy the patient may feel co-opted Dunlap, 1968. 330 p. 4 ni 94 I B. Attitudes Toward the.Poor

Westermeyer, Joseph your opinion changed by virtue of your oivn participation ?" "Absentee health workers and community participa- there were 34 percent favorable, 38 percent mixed, and 28 tion." American Journal of Public Health, October, 1972, percent unfavorable. "What do you think of the Economic Vol. 62, No. 10, pp. 1364-69. Opportunity Board in terms of its productivity and interper- The author, a resident of Minneapolis-St. Paul, examines sonal interactions?" Results. favorable, 3 percent, mixed, 25 theinterfaceof doctor- treatment patient. A number of percent, unfavorable, 63 percent, no opinion, 9 percentApp. real-life examples are quoted to illustrate that the problem of 124-26). "Du you feel that the poverty program has brought the upper-class health professional relating to the lower-class aboutanychangeinTopeka?" Results.favorable, 75 patient is still as great as ever. Much more attention will have percent, nu, 22 percent, uncertain, 3 percent (pp. 126-28). to be paid to this lack of understanding and communication. "Whatareyour opinions of theTarget Neighborhood The great need for paraprofessionals and indigeuus health Officers in terms of their co-operation and capabilities?" (pp. workers is stressed, suttee they tend to be of the same social 128-29) "Do you feel that the structure of the program has class as the patiehts, and thus identify better with them. made it easier to reach the pour?" (pp. 129-31) "Has your Because most health care personnel do not live in or near, the Board experience changed your view of the 'pour?" Yes, 48 neighborhood they attempt to interact with and ameliorate, percent. of these, 80 percent felt more sympathetic to the -they do not have a veryclear ideaof how their patients reasons behind the poverty of the pour white, 20 percent felt think. By superimposing a medical standard in an authori- that this poverty was due to a lack of motivation. 52 percent tarian way, a lifetime hfbit of maintaining a healthy body answered "No." The ramifications are brought out on pages will probably not be established, though that may be the 131-32. "Has your Board experience changed y our view of intention. Dr. Westermeyer believes that the patient must be what can be dune about poverty?" Yes, lb percent, Nu, 84 aware of his own autonomous abilityto maintain his own percent (pp. 132-33). "Has your Board participation brought health. Merely telling our patients w hat we are going todu about any change in -the organization that you represent?" or bringing them into group settings where we can change Yes, 34 percent, Nu, 66 percent. "If you could, would you their attitudes is not enough." (p. 1368) change the Economic Opportunity Board?" Yes, 87 percent, No, 13 percent. , West ley, William A. 4 In summary, "A great majority of Uon-targer neighbor- 1 lukni.e and Mt. Police. A S000loggLal Study of Lan, hood officers felt that the poverty program had brought tiorom, and Aloraht.i. Cambridge, Mass., The MIT Press, about significant change in Topeka, particularly in attitudes 1970, xxi, 222 p. toward representatives from among the poor and toward the Bibliography. pp. 217-19. poor themselves." (p. 142) "The members had not changed to any significant extent, their view of what could be done Williams, Jack Ivan about problems of poverty." (p. 143) SelectionFactorsinthe VocationalRehabilitation Process.Ph.-D-. dissertation. The Florida State University, 1968:176 pages.

Witcover, Jules, and Knoll, Erwin "Politics and the poor: Shriver's second thoughts." The Reporter, Vol. 33, No. 12, December 30, 1965, pp. 23-25.

Wright, George N., et al. A Survey of Counselor Perceptions. Wisconsin'Studies in Vocational Rehabilitation, Monograph No. 2. Madison, Wis., Regional Rehabilitation Research Institute, The Univer- sity of Wisconsin, 1968. 65 p.

Yamamoto, J., et al. "Racial factors in patient selection." American Journal of Psyehtatry, Vol. 124, 1967, pp. 630-37.

Zurcher, Louis A., Jr. Poverty Warriors: The Human Experience of Planned Social Intervention. Austin, Texas, The University of Texas Press, 1970. xxiii, 442 p. Intwo important chapters, "Evaluation by Agency Representatives and Citizens at Large," on pages 117-44, and "Evaluation by Target Neighborhood Officers," on pages 145-77, the author has included a number of important questions asked of the citizens of Topeka about the efficacy of the intervention techniques of 0E0. The spectrum of opinion found in their answers is delineated with suitable long quotes from the; respondents. Sorne of the questions asked were In "[.valuations, Agencies and Citizens at Large" (pp. 121-22), in answer to the question: "What is your opinion of `maximum feasible participation' of the poor now, and has 102 B. Attitudes Toward the Poor

8. Attitudes About the Education of Disadvantaged Students a, Attitudes of Teachers of Disadvantaged Students

Bette 'helm, Bruno Clift, Virgil A. "Teaching the disadvantaged." NEA Journal, Septem- "Curriculum strategy based on the personality charac- ber, 1965, pp. 8-12. teristics of disadvantaged youth." In Educating the Disad- vantaged: School Year 1968-1969, Allan C. Ornstein, editor. Beutel, Lance Lee New York, AMS Press, 1970. pp. 137-50. The Relationships of the Attitudes of Teachers in RaciallyDifferentiated Urban Schools to Perceptions of Cordova, R. Rudy Educational Issues and SoLio-ELonomit, Status Factors. Ph.D. AssessingAttitudesandPerformance of Student dissertation. Madison, Wis., Universit, of Wist-onsin, 1971. Teat-hers m Mexican American Schools. Ph.D. dissertation. 210 pages. Los Angeles, University of California, 1970. 80 pages.

Brickell, Henry M. Crow!, Thomas Kenneth Paraprofessional Influence on Student Achievement and White Teachers' Evaluations of Oral Responses.Given by Attitudes and Paraprofessional Performante Outside the -White-and-Negro-Ninth_Grade_Males..Ph.D. dissertation. New Classroom in District Decentralized ESEA Title 1 and New York, Columbia University, 1970.99 pages. York State Urban Education Projects in the New York City Schools. New York, Institute for Educational Development, Deutsch, Cynthia P. September, 1971. 11 p. "Some effects of poverty on children." In Perspectives in the Education of Disadvantaged Children, Mi Ily Cowles; Cantwell, Zita M. editor. Cleveland, The World Publishing Co., 1967. pp. "Teachers'perceptions of levels of performance of students from an economically disadvantaged urban area." 83-95. Perceptual Motor Skills, Vol. 32, No. 2, April, 1971, pp. 593-94, Diener, Russell Edward A Comparative Study of Selected Needs, Values, and Cap pelluzzo, Emma M. Attitudes of Negro and White Elementary Education Stu- ,Ethnic Distance as it Appears in Teachers from Three dents. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, 1966. 236 p. Elementary Schools of Differing Ethnic Composition. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. University of Arizona, 1965. Dimock, Edmund, and Riegel, Barbara "Volunteering to help Indians help themselves." Chil- Carter, Vertie Lee dren, Vol. 18, No. I, January/February, 1971, pp. 23-27. AnxietiesofWhiteandNegroElementaryand Secondary Student Teachers in Biracial Participation. Ph.D. Elliott, David Henry dissertation. in Education. North Texas State University, Social Origins and Values of Teachers and Their 1970. 102 pages. Attitudesto Students from Poverty Backgrounds. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Pittsburgh, 1968. 236 pages. Chancellor, Frederick Mar land, Jr. A Study to Determine the Attitudes of Inner -City Ellis, Richard R. Teat-hers Toward Racial Equality and Child-Centered Educa- "Looking toward desired behaviors in teachers of the tional Practices. Ph.D. dissertation. The Ohio State Univer- disadvantaged." Urban Education, Vol.I, No. 2, Winter, sity, 1972. 1965, pp. 117-26. Clifford, Margaret M., and Walster, Elaine Epp; Edgar C. "Research note, the effect of physical attractiveness un "Interpersonal relations and motivationimplications teacher expectations." Sociology of Education, Vol. 46, for teachers of disadvantaged children." Jour-al of Negro Spring, 1973, pp. 248-58. Education, Vol. 39, No. I, Winter, 1970, pp. 14-25.

103 95 96B. Attitudes Toward the Poor

Evans, Ross A. Montana. Ph.D. dissertationin Education. University of "The incidental teaching of negative attitudes toward Montana, 1972. 140 pages. blacks: the hidden curriculum." Impact, Winter, 1970. Israil, Benjamir. Lewis Ferguson, Edward T. The Relztionship Between Teachers' Expressed Atti- VocationalTeachinginDiverseCulturalSettings. tudes, Opinions, and Beliefs Regarding Minority Ethnic and columbus, Ohio, Ohio State University,[he Center for Racial Groups ..nd Their Effeetiveness as Classroom Teachers 'Vueational and Technical Education, January, 1972.ix, in Elementary Schools in Disadvantaged Urban Areas. Ph.D. 22p. Research anti Development Series No. 64, evadable dissertation. Minneapolis, Minn., University of Minnesota, from U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1967. "This report analyzes for distributive education the differences between teaching situations in inner-city urban James, Dorothy Bucton anti outer-Lay suburban sellouts." The report provides a "Reflection of American values in attitudes and pro- number 01 statistical tables in answer to questionnaires on cedures of the professions." In Poverty, Polities, and Change. attitudes held byteachers of inner -city sails and of Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice -Ball, 1972. pp. 72-103. suburban teachers. It is easy to spot the bias middle-class teachers have in working with the poor: they want to have their charges Handers, John N., and Norman, Douglas conform to a scheme worked out by the middle class. More 'In- service training for teaehers of rural Appalachian abstrusely, the legal system is shown to unecnseiously favor Niouticainchildren.a .humanistie approach." Journal of certain groups in giving property rights priority over indi- Humanism 1.'4,$, itolo*,, Vol. 10, No. I, Spring, 1970, pp. vidual rights. Problems regarding welfare adjudication are 21-29. also covered.

Forguson, Ronald Ersel Johnson, G. Orville Attitudes of Auburn University Intern Teachers toward "The mentally handicapped." In Attitudes of Educators Negroes, School Desegregation and General Ethnocentrism. Toward Exceptional Children, by flaring, Norris G., Stern, Auburn. Ala., Auburn University, 1971. 123 p. George G., and Cruikshank, William M. Syracuse, Syracuse University. Press, 1958. Gitomer, Joyce Kaufman The Effects of Labels and Descriptions on the Teacher Kaptan, Saim Evaluations of Students. Master's Thesisin Edueational An Analysis of Teacher Evaluation of Disadvantaged Psychology. Madison, University of Wisconsin, 1968. 38 Students'Personality Characteristicsin Selected Title I leaves. Secondary Schools in Washington, D.C. Ph:D. dissertation. Bibliography. The American University, 1971. 293 pages.

Goldberg, Miriam L. Kaufman, Jacob J.; Lewis, Morgan V.: aid Gumpper, David "Adapting teacher style to cpupil differences: teachers C. for disadvantagedchildren."InThe Disadvantaged and The Sellout Environment and Programs for Dropouts. Potential Dropout. Compensatory Edueational Programs, University Park, Pa., Institute for Human Resources, The John Curtis Gowan and George D. Demos, editors. Spring- Pennsylvania State University, August, 1968. 184 p. field, Ill., Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1966, pp. 240-62. King, Kay Francis Gould, Nathan Teachers' perceptionsofadolescentmalesfrom "Cultural perspectives on the education 01 the poor." In culturally deprived families. Ph.D. dissertation. Florida State Perspectives in the Education of Disadvantaged Children, University, 1967. 248 pages. MillyCowles,editor.Cleveland, The WorldPublishing Company, 1967. pp. 33-52. Lauderman, William Clarence Faculty Desegregation: An Investigation of Teacher Green, Robert L. Attitude Change. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Wayne "Racism in American Education." Mu Delta Kaptan, State University, 1972. 208 pages. Vol. 53, No. 5, Jandary, 1972, pp. 274-76. Lind, Marshall Lee Green. Virginia Lee Pearce Relationships between Work Attitudes, Perceived Needs Cooperat mg Teachers; and 1 heir Participating Students Structures, and Ty pes of Job Settings for Bureau of li\dian Belief Sy stems and the Student fealers' Attitude Toward At fins feathers in Alaska. Ph.D. dissertation. Northwestern the Poor. Ph.D. dissertation. The Florida State University, University, 1969. 1972. 90 pages. Martin, John Henry Haring,Norris G., Stern. GeorgeG.. and Crulkshank, A Model Program for Educationally Deprived Children. WilliamM. Trenton, NJ., New Jersey Community Action Training ittuudr.of Educators toward Except:owl Cluldren. Institute, May, 1968. 7 p. Syracuse, Syracuse University Press, 19$R. Mathieson, Moira B., and TAN, Rita M. Hjelmseth, Donald E. Understanding Disadvantaged Youth: Their Problems A Study ot Attitudes ot Seleeted Elementary School antiPotentials. An Annotated Bibliography. Washington, f eaehers Toward Ameriean Indian Students in the State of D.C., ERIC Clearinghouse on Teacher Education, 1970. 22 p. 104 B. 8. a. Teachers / 97

Meier, Deborah Economic Area People as Factors in Teacher Effectiveness. "A report from Philadelphia. head start of dead Ph.D. dissertation. The University of Oklahoma, 1969. 127 Ditsent,Vol.13, No. 5, September /October, 146, pp. pages. 496-505, Rioux, J. William Meier, John "The disadvantaged child in school." his Disadvantaged'' "A kaleidoscopiclookatdisadvantaged children." Child, Vol.I, Jerome Kellmuth, editor. Seattle, Wash., Children, Vol. 15, Nu. 4, July /August, 1968, pp. 161-63. Special Child Publication, Seattle Seguin School, Inc., 1967. pp. 77-120. Mestas, Leonard Joseph Administrators' Opinions and Attitudes Concerning the Rosenthal, Robert, and Jacobson, Lenore Bureau of Indian Aftairs Navajo Schools'.Responsdillity in "The disadvantaged child." In Pygmalion in the Class- Providing Education for Navajo "Eiceptional Children. Ph.D. room, byRobert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson. New dissertation in Education. University of Northern Colorado, York, lion, Rinehart and-Winston, Inc., 1968. pp. 61-71. 1970. 122 pages. Rosenthal, Ted Naremore, Rita C. "Pedagogical attitudes of copventional and specially "Teachers' judgments of children's speech. a factor trainedteachers."Ps) cliolog)intheSchools,Vol. 7, analytic study of attitudes." Madison, Wis., The University of January, 1970, pp. 61-66. Wisconsin, Institute for Research on Poverty. Reprint No. 69. From The Annals of the American Academy of Political Ross, Colvin, and Swick, Kevin and Social Science. pp. 17-27. "Success in the inner-city: a three-factor analysis of-the The author used a series of tapes used in the "Detroit impact of an experimental inner -oilytraining program on DialectStudy"inexperiments with 33 teachers from student teachers." Journal uj .Vcgro Education, Vol. 41, No. Chicago's inner city. The children originally taped (N=40) I, Winter, 1972, pp. 12-1S. were interviewed on two topics: of these, half were low status .children, the rest being middle or above. There are Sales, Joseph, Jr. our tables reproducing Niiremore's research findings, and 16, Teacher Attitudes toward the Disadvantaged A Longi- references to other research. Ifer conclusions were that white tudinal Comparison of Composite Models of Strongest and teachers had a different expectational set than the black WeakestParticipantsinElementary Education Training teachers tested, and that the black teachers who rated the Program Central-City Detroit. Ph.D. dissertation in Educa- dialects on the tapes were used to a greater latitude of speech tion. Wayne State University, 197,1, 168 pages. patterns in theit estimations as to what constituted normal, Schrag, Peter acceptable English. Voices in the Classroom; Public Schools and Public North, George E., and Buchanan, 0. Lee Attitudes. Boston, Beacon Press, 1965. 292 p. "Teacher views of poverty area children." Journal of In a simple and interesting way, the author examines Educational Research, Vol. 61, No. 2, October, 1967; pp. public schools in Macon, Georgia; Topeka, Kansas; Denver, Colorado; Whitesburg, Kentucky; Chicago; New York; all of 53-55. Appalachia, andothers. He looked especiallyatwhite Ogletree. Earl, and Ujlaki, Vilma E. middle-class attitudes as opposed to lower-class aspirations "The'effects of ability grouping on inner-city children." using dialogue recorded on the spot. Illinois Schools Journal, Vol. 50, No. I, Spring, 1970, pp. Shepard, Robert Gene 63-70. AnAnalysis of Teacher Non-VerbalBehaviors as Exhibited toward Pupils Representing Three Social Classes. Ornstein, Allan C. Ph.D. dissertation inEducation. University of Tennessee, "Anxieties and forces which mitiga'e against ghetto 1971. 162 pages. school teachers." In Educating the Disadvantaged: School Year 1968-1969, Allan C. Ornstein, editor. New York, AMS Sherman, John Lee 'Press, 1970, pp. 229-42. Selected Participants', Perceptions of the Characteristics of EffectiveProfessional Teachers Working in Parent- Pagen, John Controlled Community School Serving an Urban Low- Teacher and Student Attitude Interactions and Their Income Minority Group Population. Ph.D. dissertation in Effects in a Program for the Culturally Deprived. Ph.D. Education. New York University, 1972. 218 pages. dissertation, Wayne StateUniversity,1967. Ann Arbor, University Microfilms. 206 pages. Shuler, Ansley Harold Raceasa Component of Social Distance among Students and Teachers in Selected Secondary Schools. Ph.D. Pmkney, Hallowed Be dissertation in Education. University of Georgia, 1971. 132 Climate of Desegregated Elementary Organizational pages., Schools: A Study of Teachers' (Black and White) Perceptions of Elementary Schools with Black or White Principals. Ph.D. Sobelman, Aaron dissertation. The Florida State University. 1972. 124 pages. AttitudesofSelectedSecondary School Teachers toward Guidance as Related to Teachers' Subjective Role Powers, William Blain Expectations and Students' Socio-Economic Backgrounds. Attitudes Toward and Knowledge of Lower Socio- Ph.D. dissertation. New York University, 1972. 100 pages. 105 98 / B. Attitudes Toward the Poor

Spillane, Robert Richard b. Attitudes of Students Toward Disadvantaged StudentS Job Satisfaction among Teachers in 1De Facto Segre- gated Schools. Ph.D. dissertation. 'I he University of Con- Fishman, Joshua Aaron necticut, 1967. 146 pages. Negative Stereotypes Concerning Americans among American-BornChildrenReceivingVarious Typesof "Summer education for Children of poverty." Minority-GroupEducation.Ph.D. dissertation. Columbia Washington, D.C., National Advisory Council on the University, 1953. Educatibn of Disadvantaged Children, 1966. 54 p. Goldblatt, Harold; and Tyson, Cyril Taylor, Terrill Patrick Some Self-Perceptions and TeacherEvaluations of A Study of the -Relationship Between Demographic Puerto Rican, Negro and White Pupils in 4th, 5th, and 6th Variables and Racial Attitudes. Ph.D. dissertation.East Grades (P.S. 198 M). New York, City Commission on Human Lansing, Michigan State University, 1971. 108 pages. Rights of New York, Research Report No. 12. October, 1962. 25 p. Tillman, Jerome Tables. A Study of the Attitudes of Black Urban School Bound with. Likes and Dislikes of Pupils in an Integrated Teachers toward Whites in Relation to Education. Ph.D. School (P.S. 198 M). New York, City Commission on Human dissertation. Michigan State University, 197i. 105 pages. Rights of New York, Research Report No. 5. October, 1962. 17 p. U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. Tables. Teachers and Students. Different.es in Teacher Interac- Published in reduced reproduction form by the Micro Photo tion with Mexican-American and Anglo Students. Mexican Division, Bell and Howell Company, 1965. American Education Study.U.S. Commission on Civil Seventy-three percent of the white children, as com- Rights, 1973. 63 p. Available from U.S. Government Printing pared to 73 percent of Negroes and 63 percent of the Puerto Office. Washington, D.C. Ricans, aspired to professional or semi-professional occupations. In the latter study, each of the minorities had more Upchurch, Mark self-satisfying characteristics than dissatisfying ones, There -Insights from the inner L.ity.- Illinois Schools Jour, al, seemed to be little different.e between spet.ifit. minorities. Vol. 49, No. I, Spring, 1969, pp. 49-55. Grimm, James W., and Orten, James D. Watson, Od est J. "Student attitudes toward the poor." Social Work, A Survey Analysis of the Attitudes of Black Teac ers January, 1973, pp. 94-99. from Selected Schools in Detroit, Michigan, Regarding S me Tables. Controversial Issues Related toEducation.Ph.D. dissertation The authors interviewed first year sodal work graduate in Education. Wayne State University, 1971. 176 pages. students (N=117) using J.H. Peterson's attitude assessment scale, and analyzed these data using various sociodemo- Yee, Albert graphic characteristics such as marital status, father's educa- "Interpersonal attitudes of teat.hers and advantaged and tion, and experience in public welfare age:ides. According to disadvantaged pupils." Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 3,- this analysis, they found that the more advanced social No. 3, Summer, 1968, pp. 328-45. workers are in the professional hierarchy, the more removed they are from the concerns of the poor. Zahl, George C. fin,,c, The Influence of Instruction in Cultural Anthropology Sims, V.F., and Patrick, J.R.

. -'upon Counselor Attitudes toward Selected Southwest Ethni.. "Attitude toward the Negro of northern and southern Groups. Ph.D. dissertationinEducation. Universityof college students." Journal of Social Ps) dialog),Vol. 7, s Arizona,1965,. 1936, pp. 196-97.

Zamoff, Richaid B. "The attitudinally disadvantaged teacher." The Urban Review, yol1 No 5,December,1966, p. 4, Zdunich, Louise Josephine The Relationship of Selected Persobality Variables of Secondary School Student Teachers Enrolled in a Specialized Training Program and Their Expressed Attitudes toward the Disadvantaged.Ph.D.dissertation.FordhamUnivarsity, 1972, 161 pages.

106 B. Attitudes Toward the 'oor

,2., Prejudice and Toleration; Transracial Adoption

Albert, June True in Prejudice and Attitudes among Ethnic Groups in a Prison The sexual /LIMN uflute Resistance tu Rawai Integra- Population. Ph.D. dissertation. New York University , 1958. tion. Ph.D. dissertation. Rutgers University, 1972. I.9 pages. Berkey, Richard Michael Barber, Ralph W. Racial .Discrimination and Public Policy in the United The Lffeas uf Open Enrollment on Anti -Negru and States. A Preliminary Examination. Boulder, University of Anti-White Prejudices Among Junior High School Students in, Colorado, 1971. 257 pages. . Rochester, New York. Ph.D. dissertatidn. Universityof Rochester, 1968. ClawsOn, Edward Clyde A Study of Attitudes of Prejudice Against Negroes in an Beck, Katy All-White Community. Ph.D. dissertation. Pennsylvania State "All they do is run away!"Civil Rights Digest,August, University, 1968. 1972, pp. 35-39. 0 Cole, Stewart G., andColei,Mildred W. Berger, David Garett Minorities and the Afizerican Promise: The Conflict of They All Look Alike. Ph.D. dissertation. Vanderbilt Principle and Practice.Nev York, Harper, 1954. University, 1969. 157 pages. Coles, Robert Bernard, William S. "The white Northermr:pr;.de and prejudice."The "The integration of immigrants in the United States." Atlantic,Vol. 217, No. 6, June, 19i6, pp. 53-57. International Migration Review, Vol.I, Spring, 1967, pp. 23 -32. Cothran, T.C. "Negroconceptionsofwhitepeople."American Bettelheim, Bruno, and` Jafrowitz, Morris Journal of Sociology,Vol. 56, March, 1951, pp. 458-67. Prejudice; A Psychological Dynamicsof and Crowell, Elizabeth Sociological Study of I/&eraits.New York, Harper, 1950. An Analysis of Discrimination Against the Negro in the Studies inPrejudice, American Jewish Committee, Social Building Trade Unions. Ph.D. dissertation. Bloomington, Studies Series, No. 4. xix, 227 p. University of Indiana, 1971. 252 pages. Bettelheim, Bruno, and Janowitz, Morris Curtis, Richard F.; Timbers, Dianne M., and Jackson, Elton Social Change and Prejudice, Including Dynamics of F. Prejudice. NewYork, Free Press of Glencoe, 1964. xi, 331 p. "Prejudice and urban social participation."American Journal of Sociology,Vol. 73, September, 1967, pp. 235-45. Brigham, John Carl Ethnic Stereotypes, Attitudes, and Treatment of Ethnic Dailey, C.A. Gruup Members. Ph.D. dissertatiun. University of Colorado, "Prejudice and derision- making."Personnel Administra- 1969. 188 pages. tion,'Vol. 29, September, 1966, pp. 6-13. The author discusses the process of strengthening the Brophy, I.N. abilityof peoplein command to make more objective "The luxury of anti-Negro prejudice."Public Opinion observations and actions about their workers. Quarterly,Vol. 9, Winter, 1945-46, pp. 456-66. Daniels, Roger Bugansky, Alex The Politics of Prejudice.New York, Atheneum, 1968. Certain Factors in Prejudice among Inmates of Three 160 p. Ethnic Groups within a Short-Term Penal Institution. An Bibliography. Analysis of Prejudic.e. The Determination of Certain Ftors The ,author desalbes the attitudes uf Amerwans tu the

107 99 100 f B. Attitudes Toward the Poor

Japanese in the U.S., beginning with various hate campaigns. Goffman, Erving, M.D. early in -the 20th century. These negative feelings toward, Stigma. Notts Un the .1lanage,ment of Spoiled Orientals grew outof anti-Chinesefeelings which were New York. Jason Aronson. Inc.. 1973?. 158 p. beginning to stir in the period after 1850. Goldner, Norman Sol _ Deutsch, E.B. Social Status and Prejudice: An Additional Test of the "A stereotype or an individual." Aur.,ing Outlook, Relationship_between Upward Social Mobility, St: tus Oricn 19, February, 1971, pp. 106-8. cation anu Prejudice. Ph.D. dissertation. The Ohio State University, 1968. 137 pages. Dworkin, Anthony Gary Prejudice, Discrimination ands Intergroup Perceptions. Goldstein, Marvin, and Davis, Earl E. Exploratory Research into the Correlates of Stereotypy. "Race and belief.afurther analysis of the social Ph.D.dissertation.NorthwesternUniversity,1970. 533 determinants of behavioral intentions." Journal of Perso-F pages. ality and Social Psychology, Vol. 22, June, 1972, pp. 346-55.

Ellis, Judith Goldstein, Naomi Friedman The Attitudes of Wiwe Liberals to the Negro Movement The Roots of Prejudice Against Mc AVegro in the United for Civil Rights. Ph.D. dissertation. Los Angeles, University States. Boston. Bostun University Press,1948. ix,,213 p. of Cilifornia, T969.1 Illustrations.

Feldstein, Stanley, editbr Graff, Harold; Kenig, Lana; and Radoff, Geoffrey The Poisoned Tongue..1DuctimentaoIIistor)of "Prejudice of up class therapists against lower class American Racism and Prejudice. New York, Morrow patients." Ps.echiatrie vuarterly, Vol. 45, No. 1971, pp. and Company, Inc., 19172. 318 p. 475-89.

This book moves historically from the earliest slave 1 colonies in Virginia and New York in the, late 1500s to the Grimshaw, Allen D. present, the. geatest emphasis is un the period from 1880 to Relationships among prcjudice, discrimination, social 1930 in the section, "The Triumph of Ametican Racism." In tension, and social violence." Journal of Intergroup Rcla additionto looking at black-white prejudice against the lions, Vol. 3,Spring, 1962, pp. 146-58. backdrop of significant court cases, the book also includes discussion of prejudice against other minority groups, such as I larasymiw, Stefan Jaroslaw Japanese Americans, Jews, and the Chinese. Attitudes toward the Disabled as .Function of Pre- judice toward Minority Groups, Familiarity with the Disa- Fischer, Claude S. bility, Age, Sex, and Education. Ph.D. dissertation. Storrs, "A research note on urbanism and tolerance." American Conn., University of Connecticut, 1971. 162 pages. Journal of Sociology, Vol. 76, No. 5, March, 1971, pp. 847-56. Harding, J., and flogrefe, R. Tables. "Attitudes of white department store empimees toward The Roper Public Opinion Research Center furnished Negro coworkers." Journal of Sueial Issues, VL'rs. No. I, data, which was analyzed to illustrate the author's conten- 1952, pp. 18-28. tionthat with increasing urbanism there was increasing tolerance. "However, as successive controls are added, the flartman, Chester W. relationship approaches zero." "Thepoliticsofhousing."Dissent, November/ Decembar, 1967, pp. 701-14. Forbes. Jack D. "Race and colorinMexican-American problems." fleyer, Robert J., compiler Journal of Human Relations. Vol. 16. No. I. Spring, 1968. An: I a Racist' Photos.by Fortune Monte. New York, pp. 55-68. Paulist Press, 1969. 143 p. Illustrations. \ Fowler, David II. -Northern Attitudes Towards Interracial Marriage: A Himelhoch, Jerome Studyof Legislation and Public Opinion in the Middle The Dynamics of Tolerance. A Study of Social ar. Atlantis. States and the States of the Old Northwest. Ph.D. Psychological Factors in the Development of Ethnic Atti- dissertation. Yale University, 1963. 473 pages. tudes among Certain College Students. Ph.D. dissertation. Columbia University. 1952. Gerber. David Allison Ohio and the Color Line: Racial Discrimination and Holmes, Fred Edward Negro Responses ina Northern State, 1860-1915. Ph.D. TheEffectofa Community Field Studyof the dissertation. Princeton. N.J., Pr;ncetun University. 1971. 635 Tolerant-PrejudiceAttitudeofProspectiveSecondary pages. Teachers Toward Negroes. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Denver, 1967. Clock. Charles Y.. and Siegelman. Ellen Prejudice U.S.A. New. York, Praeger, 1969. Based in Houchins, Wayne LaDean part on the Proceedings of a Symposium heldatthe An Investigation of the Relative Important,. of Race University of California, Berkeley. xxii, 196 p. and of Shared Belief in Social Choice. Ph.D. dissertation. Illustrations. University of Alabama, 1970. 89 pages. 108, B. 9. Prejudice and Toleration / 10)

Jackman, Mary Ruth Rebec6a McDiarmid, Garnet, and Pratt, David Attitudes toward Ethnic.. Groups. An Examination of TeachingPrejudice.Toronto,Ontario Institutefor Their Structure and Theoretical Determinants. Ph.D. disserta- Studies in Education, 1971. 129 p. tion in Sociology. Madison, The University of Wisconsin, 1972. 261 pages. Morgan, Edward P. "Watts in retrospect." The Progressive, Vol. 29, No. 10, Jones, James M. October, 1965, pp. 21-22. Prejudice and Racism. Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1972. Topics in Social Psychology Series. xii, Newman, William M. 196 p. "The revival of ethnic consciousness: a look at Ameri- This book is an interest' g and emotion-packed histori- ca's re-discovered pluralism." The Journal of Current Social cal Survey of racism from the 1950s to the present, including Issues, Vol. 10, No. 3, Summer, 1972, pp. 12-18. reterences to the Is,loyaiii iReport, the Coleman Report, This article was excerpted from the book, .Inierkan and the Kerner Report. The entire book is important for the Pluralism. A Stud) of Minoru) Groups a Theory. studs' of attitudes of whites toward blacks. Section 4, (New York, Harper and Row, 1973.) "Perspectives on Prejudice," on pages 67-95, deals specifically with attitudes as well as with the development of racial Pettigrew, T.F. attitudes in children. The buizk also includes many easily- "Parallel and distinct:ve changes -in anti- semitic and readstatisticaltables and cites from the experimental anti-Negro attitudes." In Jews in the Mind of America, material. Charles II. Stember, editor. New York, Basic Books, 1966, pp. 377-403. Kutner, B.: Wilkins, Caroil: and Yarrow, Penny R. "Verbal attitudes and overt behavior involving racial Pin kney, Alphonso prejudice." Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol. The Anatomy of Prejudice: Majority Group Attitudes 47, July, 1952, pp. 649-52. toward Minorities in Selected American Cities. Ph.D. dissertation. Cornell University, 1961.

LaPiere, Richard T. Richek, H.G. "Attitudes vs.actions."SocialForces,Vol.;3, "Anoteonprejudiceinprospectiveprofessional 1934-1935, pp. 230 -37. Also in What We Say/What We Do, helpers." Musing Research, Vol. 19, March /April, 1970, pp, byIrwinDeutscher,Glenview,Scott,Foresmanand 172-75. Company, 1973, pp. 14-21: Rose, Brian Waldron Linn, Lawrence S. Prejudice ,andPersonality: A SurveyofCurrent "Verbal attitudes and overt behavior. a study of racial Thought. Based un a leLturte series delivered to members of disLrimmation." Sooal Forces, Vol. 43, 1965, pp. 353-64. the Dept. of Sociology, University of Witwatersrand, 1962. Also in What We Say/What We Do, by Irwin Deutscher, Johannesburg, South AfriLa, Institute of Ra.c Relations, Glenview, Scott, Foresman and Company, 1973, pp. 76-91. 1963 "p. This important article not only recapitulates the background literature, but also covers much ground in illustrating Rose, Peter I. the author's methodology regarding psychological experi- "Outsiders aBritain." Trans Action, Vol. 4, No. 4, ments on racial intergroup behavior and perception. March, 1967, pp.(8-23.

Rose, Peter 1. Mack, Raymond 43 Prejudice and Race Relations.Chicago, Quadrangle They and We ial and Ethnic Relations in the United Books, 1970. 271 p. States. New York, Ra dom House, 1964. Seventh printing, "A Surprising Talk Between a Black Leader and a Top revised, August, 1968. x, 177 p. Segregationist," by Julian Bond and Roy V. Harris, is an The position of van us immigrant and ethnic minorities istracedhistoricallyi this short, but well-done book. important article on pages 181-97. Prejudice and discrimm tion are given much attention and eachchapterhas n nybibliographicadjunctslisted. iaanell, G.M. ("Selected Readings," p. 162-70). "An examination of some religious and political attitude correlates of bigotry." Social Forces, Vol. 45, No. 3, Saenger,Gcrittirt

1967, pp. 356)2. , The Social Psychology of Prejudice: Achieving Inter- cultural Understanding and C'ooperation in a Democracy. NeW York, Ilarper, 1953. 304 p. Manley, Calylc .StructuresofPrejudice.Nashville, Abingdon Press, St. penis, Gerald Charles 1961. 256 p. knterracial Adoptions in Minnesota: Self-Concept and Bibliography. Chile-Rearing Attitudes of Caucasian Parents Who Have Adiwted Negro Children. Ph.D. dissertation. Minneapolis, Martin, James G. University of Minnesota,1969. 197 pages. "Intergroup toleranceprejudice." Journal of Human Relations, Vol. 10, Nos. 2 and 3, Winter and Spring, 1962, Scl ein, Leon Arthur pp. 197-204. Attitudes of a Sample of Freshmen andSenior College 169 j021 B. Attitudes T6ward the poor

Students from Several Romairolic, Military, and Negro Vander Zanden, James W. Institutions.Ph.D. dissertationinEducation. The Penn- American Minority Relations. The Sociology of Race sylvania State UnKersity , 1969. 214 pages. and Ethnic Groups. New York, The Ronald Press Company, 1966. 559 p. Schmitt, Madeline H. "Near and far. a re-formulation of the sot.ial distance Viva La Causal Chicanos and Puerto Ricans in the U.S. concept." Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 57, No. 1, New Generation, Vol. 53, No, 4, Fall, 1971. October, 1972, pp. 85-97. The entire issue is devoted' to the problems of Chicanos Bibliographic footnotes. and Puerto Ricans: employment, edur tion, opportunities, and the NeW Yorkers. Selznick, Gertrude Jaeger, and Steinberg, Stephen The Tenacity of Prejudice: Anti-Semitism in Contetn- Weaver, Gladys C. porury Americz. New York, Harper and Row, 1969. Patterns A Study of White Youth and Their Mothers op of Amencan Prejudice Series, No. 4. xxi, 248 p. Tolerance. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. College Parfr, Bibliographic footnotes. Md., University of Maryland, 1971.93 pages.

Shostak, Arthur B. Westie, Frank R., and 'Howard, David H. Politics, Poverty, and Problems. Progress Report un the "Social status differentials and the rat.e attitudes of CAP Experiment, Spring). 1966, 8 p. Negroes." American Sociological Review, Vol. 19, October, Mimeographed. 1954, pp. 584-91.

Simpson, George Eaton, and Yinger. J Milton Willie, Charles V., Kramer, Bernard M., and Brown, Bertram Racial and Cultural Minorities: An Analysis of Prejudice. S., editors and Discrimination. New York, Harper and Row, 1965. xn, Racism and Mental Health. Essays. Pittsburgh, Univer- 582 p. sity of Pittsburgh Pjess,j973. xviii, 604 p. Bibliography. An important section is: "Some consequences of racism for children," by Jeanne Spurlock, on pages 147-63. Simpson, George Eaton and J. Milton Yinger Racial and Cultural Minorities. An Analysis of Prejudice Yinger, J. Milton, and Simpson, George E. and Discrimination. New York, Harper and Row, 1953. 775 Racial and Cultural Minorities. An Analysis of Prcpidice p. and Disdrimination. New York, Harper and Row, 1965. 582 p. Smith, M. Brewster "The ,schools and prejudice: findings." In Prejudice U.S.A., Charles Y. Glock and Ellen Siegelthan, editors. New York, Frederick A. Praeger, 1969. pp. 112-35. Graphs.

Southern Regional Council. Race MakA the Difference: An Analysis of Sentence Disparity among Black and White Offenders of Southern Prisons. Atlanta, Ga., Southern Regional Council, March, 1969. Special Report. 16 p. -

Sullivan, Ronald ".1.1.A.W. maintains a Jersey suburb keeps out Ivor: complains to rights division that members can't live near Ford Mahwah plant. One-acre rule is cited. National Housing Committee joins in class actionsnational impact seen." New York Times, January '29, 1971, II. 1, 16. This story examines the plights of black union members who would like to live close to their jobs in Mahwah,t1.J., where zoning measures prevent residential integration.

Taylor, William L. flanging- -Together.. Equality in an Urban Nation. New York, Silicon and Schuster, 1971. 348 p. Bibliography: pp. 323-30. Chapter 7, on pages 194-227, "Glimmers of Hope," ,contains amsmg other topir5, guilt and conscience, disaffec- tion of The lower middle class, and economic gain and. shifting. Notes, by chapter, are oii pages 303-22.

Treiman, Donald J. "Status discrepancy and prejudice." American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 71, No. 6, May, 1966, pp. 651-64. B. Attitudes Toward the Poor

10. Class Attitudes Toward the Poor a. Class Attitudes Toward the Poor

Aberbach, Joel D., andVallcer, Jack L. Bryant, E.C.; Gardner, I., Jr.; and Goldman, M. "Citizendesires,policyoutcomes, and community "Responses on racial attitudes as affected by inter- control." Urban Affairs Quarterly, Vol. 8, No. 1, September, viewersofdifferentethnic groups." Journal of Social 1972, pp. 55-75. Psychology, Vol. 70, 1966, pp. 95-100.

Alman, Emily Citron, Abraham Frederick "The child of the American pour." In Perspectives in The Rightness of Whiteness. The World of the White theEducationof Disadvantaged Children, Milly Cowles, Child in a Segregated Society. Detroit, Wayne State Univer- editorCleveland, The Viorld Publishing Company, 1967. pp. sity, College of Education, Office of Urban Education, 1971. 5 -31. 23 p. Bibliography. Beiser, Edward N., and Swift, Peter "Race and placeinthe New York Times." Social Chaiklin, Harris Science Quarterly, June, 1972, Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 129-35. Motivation, Job Training and "The War on Poverty." Tables. Maryland State Conference of Social Welfare, May 20, 1966. The authors illustrate the contention that until the mid 4 p. 1950s, the white man's viewpoint was most prominent in the Times' coverage, while by the mid 1960s, coverage had Coles, Robert definitely become more equitable. "The poor don't want to be middle-class." The New York Times Magazine, December 19, 1965, pp. 7-8, 55-58. Bennett, Stephen Earl On the existence of an underlying 'vertical structure' Downs, Anthony in whites' racial attitudes." Social Som.. Quarterly, Vol.53, Opening Up the Suburbs. An Urban Strategy for No. 2, December, 1972, pp. 583-89. America. New Haven and London, Yale University Press, Table. 1973. ix, 219 p. Bibliographic footnotes, pp. 201-11. Blanchard, Eric D. This welcome book by a well-known urban authority is The poor people and the 'White Press'." Columbia written very simply, with statistics and bar graphs assembled Journalism Review, Vol. 7, No. 3, Fall, 1968, pp. 61-65. primarilyintheappendix. The author enunciates the numerous hassles on many fronts which poorer people have Boichel, Margery R., et al. tpendurebeforethey achieve equityinthe suburbs. "Exposure, experience. and attitudesrealturs and open Additionally, Downs describes the complete armamentarium occupancy." Phaon, Vol. 30, No. 4, Winter, 1969, pp of protective devices which the "haves" have erected to avoid 325 -37. changing the status quo. Important sections are: middle-class domination, on pages 94-98; middle-income groups, and Borus, J.F., et al. low-income groupsinneighborhoods, onpages69-72; The racial perceptions inventory .".4niutes of General povertynegative behavior patterns and, on pages 90-92, and Psychiatry, Vol. 29, August, 1973, pp. 270-75. racial integration: black opinions on, on page 139. Boskm, Joseph "The revolt of the urban ghettos, 1964-1967." Annals Edwards, Ozzie L. of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, "1 n tergenerationalvariationin racialattitudes." Vol. 382, March, 1969, pp. 1-14. Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 57, No. 1, October, 1972, pp. 22-31. Bremner, Robert H. Tables, bibliography. From the Depths' The Discovery of Poverty in the United States. New York, New York University Press, 1956. Elinson, Howard Stephen 364 p. FolkPolitics:ThePoliticalMentalityofWhite

111 103 104'i B. Aitiludes Toward the Poor

orking-Class Voters. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Cali- Researchon Poverty and the Russell Sage-University of fornia, Los Angeles, 1967. 301 pages. Wisconsin School of Journalism Social Science Reporting Program, 1966. 134 p. Ellis, Judith The Attitudes of White Liberals to the Negro Movement Ilong, Sung Chick for Civil Rights. Ph.D. dissertation. Los Angeles, University MajorityPerceptionof MinorityBehavior andIts of California, 1969. 368 pages. Relationship to Hostility toward Ethnic Minorities. A Test of George A. Lundberg's Hypotheses. Ph.D. dissertation. Uni- Engstrom, R.L. versity of Washington, 1959. "Race and compliance: differential association."Polity, Vol. 3, 1970, pp. 100-11. Jacobs, Paul "America'sschizophrenicviewofthepoor."In Estes, Jack Richard Poverty: Views from the Left, Jeremy Larner and Irving Friendship Patterns and Attitudes toward the United Howe, editors. New York, William Morrow and Company, States Bill of Rights.Los Angeles, University of California, 1968, pp. 39-57. 1966. 202 p. Johnson, D.W. Fannin, Mario, Gittell, Marilyn, and Magat, Richard "Racial attitudes of Negro Freedom School participants community Control and the Urban School.New York, and Negro and white civil rights participants."Social Forces, Vol. 45, No. 2, 1966, pp. 266-73. Frederick A. Praeger, 1970. 268 p. z Fendrich, James Mas , Jones, Ilettie, and Weissman, Harold H. A Study of Whites Attitudes, Commitment and Overt "Psychological help for the poor." In Individual and Behavior toward Members of aMinority Group. Ph.D. Group Services in the Mobilization for Youth Experience, dissertation. East Lansing, Michigan State University, 1965. Harold H. Weissman, editor. New York, Association Press, 1969. pp. 94-106. Gans, Herbert J. 1 "Culture and class in the study of poverty: an approach Kadushin, Charles to anti-poverty research."InOn Understanding Poverty: "The friends and supporters of psychotherapy: on Perspectives from the Social Sciences, Daniel P. Moynihan, social circles inurbanlife." American Sociological R iv editor. New York, Basic Books, Inc., 1968. pp. 201-28. 'Vol. 31, No. 6, December, 1966, pp. 786-802. Gilliland, High Robert Lauer, Robert H. Attitudes of Slum Dwellers and Suburbanites Toward "The middle class looks at poverty." Urban and Social Blue-Collar Occupations and Vocational Education. Ph.D. Change Review, Vol. 5, No.I, Fall, 1971, pp. 8-10. dissertation in Education. Columbia. University of Missouri, 1967. Levine, L.S. "Theracialcrisis:two suggestions., for anational Gladwin, Thomas program."American Journal of Orthopsyelziatry,Vol. 37, "The anthropologist'sview of poverty."InSocial No. 2, 1967, pp. 235-64. Welfare Forum, by the National Conference on Social Welfare. New York, Columbia University Press, 1961. pp. Lystad, Mary H. As They See It: Changing Values, of College 73-85. Cambridge, Mass., Schenkman Publishing Co., 1973. Heilbroner, Robert L. "Benign neglect in the United States." Trans-Action, Mann, W.E. Vol. 7, No. 12, October, 1970, pp. 15-22. "Thesocial systemof aslum:thelower ward, Photos. Toronto." InUrbanism' and the Changing Society, S.D. In the section, "Middle-Class Attitudes," on pages 19 Clark, editor. Toronto, Unive ''y of Toronto Press, 1961. and 20, the author remarks on the lack of strength of a pp. 39-69. socialistpartyintheU.S., statingthatthose western countries which have a degree of social sensitivity have Manpower and Social Affairs Committee. simultaneoulsy had a working -class party with some political Adaptation and EmployMenli of Speoal Groups of clout. Manpower. Paris, Organisation f)itl Economic Cooperation and Development, 1968. 51 p. Ierzog, Elizabeth "Pacts and fictions about the poor."Monthly Labor Matthews, Arthur R., Jr., and Weiss. Jonathan A. Review.Vol. 93, No. 2, February, 1970, pp. 42-49. "What can be done. a neighborhood lawyer's credo." BostonUniversity Law Review,yol.47, No. 2, Spring, 1967, Herzog, Elizabeth pp. 231-43. "Some assumptions about the poor."The Social Service Renew,Vol. 37, No. 4, December, 1963, pp. 389402. Meyers, Howard rdward An Analysof Selected Elementary Textbooks to Higbee, Charles E., editor Determine the Extent of Expression of Certain Social Class Contereme on Poverty Research, Communisations, and Values.Ph.D.dissertationinEducation. Arizona State the Public, Apnl 29-30, 1966. Madison, Wis., Institute for University, 1968. 158 pages. B. [0. a. Class Mutudes LOS

Moody, Charles David Resnik, llenry S. BlackSuperintendents inPublic SchoolDistricts. "Learning what it's like to be poor." ThozA, Vol. 36, Trends and Conditions. Ph.D. dissertation. Evanston, Ill., No. 3, May/June, 1970, pp. 14-19. Northwestern Univei.aty, 1971. 76 pages. Riley, David P. Morris, Richard, and Jeffries, V inz.ent "Should communities control their polit.e?" Call Rights "The white reaction study." In The Los Angeles Riots: Digest, Vol. 2, No. 4, Fall, 1969, pp. 27-35. A Socio-Psychological Study, Nathan Cohen, editor, New York, Praeger Publishers, 1970. pp. 480-601. Roback, Thomas I I. Tables, questionnaires. Attitude Constraint Among Southern Professionals: The RelationshipsBetweentheInternationalAttitudes and Mosley, Doris Yvonne Domestic Attitudes of Four Groups. Ph.D. dissertation. The Nursing Students' Perceptions of the Urban Poor. Ph.D. Florida State University, 1969. 255 pages. dissertation, New York, Columbia University, 1971. 230 pages. Rodman, Ilyman "Middle-class misconceptions about lower-class Mullen, Thomas J. .families." In Blue Collar World, A. Shostak add W. Gomberg, The Ghetto of Indijjerence. Nashville, Tenn., Abingdon editors. Englewood Cliffs,N.J., Prentice-Hall,1964. pp. Press, 1960. 11 1 p. 59-69. National Education Association. Rogers. David Report of the Task For...e. on Human Rights. Vas".-g- An Exploratory Stady of inter-Orgariii.ational Rela- ton, D.C., National Education Association, 1968. 90 p. tions.Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University, New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, April, 1969. 84 p. Nelson, Hart M., and Yokley, Raytha L. "Civil rights attitudes of rural and urban Presbyterians." Schaffer. Albert, Rokeach, Milton, and Schaffer, Ruth C. Rural Sociology, Vol. 35, No. 2, June, 1970, pp. 161-74. "The law, faculty desegregation, and social change." Phylon, Vol. 31, No. 1, Spring, 1970, pp, 38-47. Newby, ldus A. 'Jim Crow's Defense: AntiNegro Thought in America,' Schultz, Theodore W. I9olo-193O. Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University Press, "Reflectionsonpublicapproachestominimize 1965. 230 p. poverty." Investment in Human Capital Series, Paper 65:06, April 15, 1965, The University of Chicago. n p. O'Connor, Garrett Mimeographed. "Reflectionsinthe rubble: some thoughtsinthe aftermath of civil disorder." American Journal of Psychiatry, Selover, William C. Vol. 1'25, No. 11, May, 1969, pp. 1557-63. "The view from Capitol Hill. harassment and survival." In On Fighting Poverty. Perspectives from Experience, James Pearl, Arthur L. Sundquist, editor. New York, Basic Books, Inc., 1969. pp. "Education, employment, and civilrights for Negro 158-87. youth," In Poverty, Education and Race Relations: Studies y e and Proposals. William C. Kavaraceus, John S. Gibson, and Shostak, Arthur B., and Gomberg, William, editors Thomas J. Curtin, editors. Boston, Allyn and Bacon, 1967. then Perspectives on Poverty. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., pp. 49:60. Prentice - flail, Inc., 1965, 1$5 p. 4 Peterson. James I larlon Smolensky, Eugene "A disguised structured instrument for the assessment "The past and presentpoor." In The Cont.ept of of attitudes toward the pour." Ph.D dissertation University Poverty, Task Rau: on Et.onomi,.. Growth and Opportunity. of Oklahoma, 1967. 144 pages. Washington, D.C., Chamber of Commerce of the United States, 1965. pp. 33-68. Pownall, George "Employment problems of released prisoners: dimen- Sunderinan, Justus D, sionsandsut.iologicalimplit.ations."InLduation and "Ascertaining attitudes of union members in public and framing in Correctional Institutions. Madison, Wis., The private employment." Pithit. Personnel Re licit, Vol. 27, No. University of Wisconsin, Center for Studies in Vocational and 2, April, 1966, pp. 115-21, Technical Education, 1968. pp. 63-80. Thibault, Edward Allen Reed, William IC: An ExploratoryStlidyofPoliceAlienation with The tortes of impending suoal t.harige." Szrzz,t Emphasis on Attitudes toward Minority Groups. Ph.D. OutlonA. Vol. 4, No. 7. September, 1969, pp. 8-12 dissert'ation. Syracuse University, 1972. 3c)0 pages.

Reichley, A. James Turner, Ralph H. "A nightmare for urban management." Tortunt. Vol. "The public perception of protest." American S'ocio 79, No. 3, March, 1969, pp. 94.98+ logical Review, Vol. 34, December, 1969. pp. 815-31. 113 106 / B. Attitudes Toward the Poor

Walinsky, Adam Bennett, Stephen Earl "Keepingthepoorintheirplace.notes on the "On the existence of an underlying 'vertical structure' importance of being one-up." Tht Rcpublic, Vol. 151, in whites' racial attitudes." Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 53, No. 1, Ji.ly 4, 1964, pp. 15-18. No. 2, December, 1972, pp. 583-89. Table. Walsh, James Leo, and Elting, Ray "Professionalism and the poor structural effects and Brigham, John, and Weissbach, Theodore, editors professionalbehavior." JournaloflIcalth and Social Racial Attitudes in Americo. Analyses and Findings of Behavior, Vol. 9, No. 1, 'Mach, 1967, pp 16-28. Social Psychology, New York, harper and Row, Publishers, 1972. xiii, 401 p. White, Edwin H. "In the main body of the book, we have restricted "Legalambivalencetowardpoverty." Journal of ourselves to material dealing directly with racial (that is, Missouri Bar, July, 1967, pp. 289-95. black-white) attitudes." Most of the three dozen pieces have been re-published from periodicals, in complete or adapted Whitehead, Robert Eugene form. Bibliographic references are common. Milton Rokeach, Attitudes of Suburban Groups Toward Negroes and Harry C. Triandis, Warner Wilson, Stuart W. Cook, Otto InterDistrict Busing of Students. Ph.D. dissertation. Univcr Klineberg, and Nathan Caplan are among the solo and sit y of WaSgton, 1969. multiple authors who contribute.

Wilensky, Ilarold L. Brink, William J., and Harris, Louis "Class, class consciousness, and American workers." In fleet and ItIlitte. A Study P t t. furies LaborinaChanging America, WilliamHaber,editor. Today. New York, Simon and Schuster, 1967. 285 p. Berkeley. Cal.,Reprint No. 283, Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California, 1966. 44 p, Bryant, E.C.; Gardner, I., Jr.; and Goldman, M. Woodson, Thoas "Responses on racial attitudes as affected by inter- "Thoreau an poverty and magnanimity.4):7'3/Lil, Vol. viewersof differentethnic groups." Journal of Social 85, January, 1970 pp. 21-34. Psychology, Vol. 70, 1966, pp. 95-100.

Woodward, George Allen Campbell, Angus, and Schuman, Howard "Dimensions of judgma and characteristics of dis- Racial Attitudes in Fifteen American Cities. Ann Arbor, pla.ceable statements in the disguised-structure instrument for Mich., The Universityof Michigan, Institutefor Social the,assessmentofattitudes towards thepoor." Ph.D. Research, Survey Research Center, June, 1968. x, 248 p. chs'sertation. University ut Oklahoma, 1967. 86 pages. This is a three-part work which is extremely valuable for itsresearchinthreeareas:theexamination ofracial Wright, William W., Jr. attitudes, perceptions observed from the ghetto, and the An Output Analysis of Perceptions of University Ex- machinations of the mind of therioter. Because of the perience utBlack and White Undergraduate Students in extreme length of the work and the density and resonance of Three Unrelated Institutions. Ph D. dissertation in Educa- the subject matter, a few of the many valuable Item headings tion. Boston University, School ut Education, 1972. 106 are included here, with the expectation that the interested pages. reader will be able to cheek into this class study directly. Racial Attitudes in Fifteen American Cities. Chapter 2: Yetman, Norman R., and Steele, C. Hoy, editors "Black Views of Racial Issues," pp. 15-28, with subsections Vaiovity and Minurit iThe Di nainic4 of Racial and on Racialintegrationand blackseparatism, Winds of Lthmt. Relation .,. Consulting editor, Amital Li, iuni, Boston, change?, Pluralism. an alternative path, Sources of dissatis- Allyn and Bacon, 1971. xin, 621 p. faction, and Strategies for change. Chapter 3. "White Beliefs about Negroes," pp. 29-38, with subsections on: White beliefs regarding Negroes; Integration and segregation; Pro- posals for action; The white suburb. Chapter 4: "A Compari- son of Black and White Attitudes and Experiences in the b. Racial Attitudes Between Classes City,"pp.39.46, with subsections on:Public services; Governmental effort; The police; Stores and merchants; The Bailey, Donald Randall white suburbs; and Summary. Factors Affecting Racial Attitudes and Overt Behavior Between Black and White The Faces of American ofSeminary-Trained Methodist Ministers A Panel Study. Institutions in the Ghetto. Chapter 3. "Images of the Urban Atlanta, Emory University, 1972 173 p. Negro," pp.87-92. Chapter 6:"Polleeinthe Ghetto: Attitudes towards the Community," p.109, Chapter 8: Barbier, Ruth Jean "Doing Business in the Ghetto: Retail Merchants: Attitudes Racial Awareness and Preference of Suburban Detroit towards Negroes," p. 129. White Nursery School C hildren. Ph.D. dissertation. Detroit, Who Riots' A Study. of Participation in the 1967 Riots. Wayne State University, 1972. 158 pages. Part 6 is "The Sentiment of the Negro Community," pp. 241-44. \ Baxter, George W. "Prejudiced liberals? Race and information effects in a Cohen, Elizabeth G., and Roper, Susan S. two-person game." Journal 0,/ Confiu t Rcsolulion, Vol. 17, "Modification of interracial interaction disability. an s\lo. 1, March, 1973, pp. 131-61. applicationofstatuscharacteristictheory."American B. 10. b. Racial Attitudes/ 107

Sociological Bellew,Vol. 37, No. 6, December, 1972, pp. Klitgaard, Robert E. 643-57. "Institutionalized racism: ananalyticapproach." Journal of Peace Research,Vol. 10, 'tlo. 1, 1972, pp. 41-50. Colfax, J. David, and Sternberg, Susan Frankel "The perpetuation of racial stereotypes. blacks in mass Knowles, Louis L., and Prewitt, Kenneth circulation magazine advertisements."Public Opinion Institutional Racism in America.Englewood Cliffs,N.J., Quarterly,Vol. 36, No. 1, Spring, 1972, pp. 8-18. Prentice -hall, 1969. xiii, 180 p. Contributors: Owen Blank, Jim Davis, Jacquelyn G. Colic, Royal D. Drews, Paul Drews, Sue Haley, Andrew Horowitz, Louis L. The Negro Image and the Mass Media. Ph.D. disserta- Knowles, Sue Mithune, Kenneth Prewitt, Peter Ware, and tion. Cornell University, 1967. 175 pages. Harold M. Baron, with the "Web of Urban Racism."

Cosseboom, Kathy Kutner, Bernard, et al. GrossePointe, Michigan.Batt Against Race.Last "Verbal attitudes and overt behavior involving racial Lansing,Mich.,Michigan State University Press, 1972. 167 p. prejudice."Journal v./.. A biturtna. and Social Ps),,Igulogy,Vol. 47, July, 192, pp. 649-52. Duncan, Beverly, and Duncan, OtDudley "Minorities and the process of stratification." Atrfirican Lachat, Mary Ann Sociulogual Reside,be; Vol. 33,June, 1968, pp. 356-64. A Description and Co mparison of the Attitudes of White High School Seniors Toward Black Americans in Three Engstrom, R.L. Suburban High Schools: An All White, ft Desegregated, and "Race and wmpliarr.e. ditterential assu.iation." Po:4:y, , An Integrated High School. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Vol. 3, 1970, pp. 100-11. Columbia University, 1972. 276 pages. 4\

Gladwin, Thomas Levine, L.S. "The Anthropologist's View of Poverty.InThe Social. "Theracialamis. two suggestions foranational Weltare forum. Newoil., Columbm,University Press, 1961, program,"American Journal of Orthopsychtatry,Vol. 37, pp. 73-86. No. 2, 1967, pp. 235-64.

Grunig, James E. McCrory, John B., and Gross, Peter "Communicationincommunitydecisionsonthe "White racism."Cwil Rights Digest,Vol 2, No. 3, problems of the poor."Journal of Communication,Vol. 22, Summer, 1969, pp. 14-34. March, 1972, pp. 5-25. McMillan, George Hong, Sung Chick Racial Violence and Law Enforcement. Atlanta, Ga., Perceptionof MinorityBehavior andIts Majority Southern Regional Council, -1960. 32 p. Relationship to Hostility toward Ethnic Minorities: A Test of George A. Lundberg's Hypotheses. Ph.D. dissertation. Uni- versity of Washington, 1959 Morris, Richard, and Jeffries, Vincent "The white reaction study."InThe Los Angeles Riots: Jeffries, Vincent, and Ransford, II. Edward A Socio- Psychological Study, Nathan Cohen, editor. New "Interracial social contact and middle-class white reac- York, Praeger Publishers, 1970. pp. 480-601. tions to the Watts riot."Social Problems,Vol. 16, No. 3. Tables, questionnaires. . Winter, 1969, pp. 312-24. Myers, D.G., and Bishop, C.D. Johnson, D.W. "Discussion effects on racial attitudes."Science,Vol. "Racial attitudes of Negro Freedom School participants 169, August 21, 1970, pp. 778-79. and Negro and white civil rights participants."Social Forces, Vol. 45, No, 2, 1966, pp. 266-73. Nash, Gary B., and Weiss, Richard, editors The Great Fear: Race in the Mind of America. New Yo7k, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970. 214 p. Johnson, Kenneth K. "White racial attitudes as a factor in the arguments against the Nineteenth Amendment"Phylon,Spring, 1970, Nels'on, ILA. PP. 31-37. "Charity, poverty and race."/'Nylon,Vol. 29, Fall, 1968, pp. 303-16. -e-11 Kellogg, Peter John Northern Liberals and Black America. A History of Opinion Research Corp. White Attitudes, 1/36 1952.Lvanston, III., Northwestern White and Negro Attitudes Toward Race Related Issues University, 1971. and Activities.Princeton, N.J., Opinion Research Corp., 1968. 37 p. Kelly, ThomaS James White PressIBlack Man. ell, Analysis of the Editorial Orbell, John M., and Sherrill, Kenneth S. Opinion the Fula Chicago Daily Newspapers toward the "Racialattitudes andthemetropolitan context. a Race Problem193419o.. Urbana-Champaign, Ill., Univer- )trut,tural analysis." Pub/ii,Opinion Quarterly, Vol.33, No. sity of Illinois, 1971. 451 p. I, Spring, 1969, pp. 46-54. 115 108 I B. Attitudes Toward the Poor

Owen, J.t. "Racial attitudes in the U.S. South." Contemporary Reriew, Vol. 212, May, 1968, pp. 238-40.

Pettigrew, Thomas F. Racially Separate or Together? New York, McGraw-Hill, 1971. 371 p. Part 3, "Trends in Racial Attitudes since World War II," is on pages 145-203.

Pozdol, Marvin Daniel Opinions of Negro Administrators in the Public Schools of Indiana Concerning Racial Issues Related to Education. Muncie, Ind., Ball State University, 1970. 307 p.

Raab, Earl, editor AmericanRaceRelationsToday:Studies of the Problems Beyond Desegregation. Garden City, N.Y., Double- day, Anchor Books, 1962. 195 p.

Raab, Earl, and Lipset, Seymour Martin "The prejudiced society." In American Race Relations Today, Earl Raab, editor. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Anchor Books, 1962. pp. 29-55. This excellent chapter surveys the twentieth century history of prejudice. Attitudes of whites toward minoi!ties at work, in the armed forces, in public housing projects (the researchofDanielWilnerisespeciallycited),andas employees, arc discussed. Two important sections are "Atti- tudes after the Fact" and "Behavior Shapes Attitude." The theory of cognitive dissonance is shown as a viable tool in the process of solving the problem of prejudice: "Not only has behavior changed, which is the crux of the social probleni, but behavior has patently shaped attitudes." (p. 45)

Reinhart, Cornet Justin Populism and the Black: A Study in Ideology and Social Strains. Ph.D. dissertation. The University of Oklahoma, 1972. 224 pages.

Rodman, Hyman "The lower classes and the Negroes: implications for intelletttals."In New Perspectives on Poverty, Arthur B. Shostilk and William Gomberg, editors. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1965. pp. 168-72.

Saltman, Juliet A. "Integration attitude differentials and the social situ: lion." Phyion, Fall, 1971, pp. 312-25. Tables,

TruboWitz, Julius .I Ranging the Radical Attitudes of Children: The Effects of an el amity Group Program in New York Schools. New York, Viaeger, 1969.

Whitehead, Robert Eugene Attitude's of Suburban Groups Toward Negroes and Inter-Districi Busing of Students. Ph.D. dissertation. Univer- sity of Washirigton, 1969. Yetman, Norman R., and Steele, C. Hoy, editors Majority and Minority. The Dynanucs of Racial and Ethnic Relations, Amitai Etzioni, consulting editor. Boston, Allyn and Bacon, 1971. xiii, 621 p.

116 B. Attitudes Toward the Poor

11. Attitudes of the Nonpoor Toward Antipoverty Programs

Adams, Leonard P. having vested interests felt toward a low-income housing area Public Attitudes Toward Unemployment Insurance. A llt subtlein Washington, D.C. "In particular, 1-,e wanted to Histurit.d1At.t.ountwithSpecialReferencetoAlleged determine the level of accuracy, understanding, and agree- Abuses. Kalamazoo, Mit.h., The W.E. Upjohn Institute for ment these groups had achieved with both the poor and Employment Research, December, 1971.98 p. middle-class suburbanites." Table I examined "Change In this precise and apt history, Adams unfolds the story Agents' Predictions of Views of Pour and Suburbanites by of the background legislation that culminated in the outlin- Interest Type" (in percentages), Table 2 is "Congruent.), with ingrules of 1971. Adams' surveyinvolved five groups. Clientele's Perception of Social Problems, Alternatives and unemployment insurance bureaucrats, management, workers, Attribute's, among Black Versus White Sot.idl Agent.), Per- union personnel, and the public. The author discusses the sonnel" (in percentages). continuing problem of abuses by workers, adjustors, and employers. Adams has included abundant footnotes and the Housman, Leonard J. two questionnaires used in the survey. "The welfare tax rate."Trans-Action,Vol. 6, No. 6, April, 1969, pp. 48-53. Broyles, Don R. Poverty and Social Reform. '0E0, Legal Services and Human Resources Administration. the Case of California Rural Legal Assistance.Claremont, Focus onPeople. A Glimpseat Key Anti-Poverty Cal.,Claremont Graduate School and University Center, Programs. New York, Human Resources Administration, 1972. 482 p. May, 1968. 32 p.

Drin,an, Robert F. Janowit, Morris Democracy, Dissent and Disorder. The Issues and the "Social control of escalated riots."InRacial Violence in Law.New York, The Seabury Press, 1969. 152 p. the United States, Allen D. Grunshaw, editor. Chicago, t. Aldine Publishing Company, 1969. pp. 501-14. French, V.O. "Why the rich shouldn't worry about tax reform." Kaplan, Sidney J., and Delbecq, Andre Washington Monthly,Vol. 4, No. 5, July, 1972, pp. 29-36. Perceived Hindrance to Social Change ina Poverty Program, Madison, Wis., University of Wisconsin, Institute Fuchs, Victor R. for Research on Poverty, 1968. 9 p. Reprint No. 15, from "Toward a theory of poverty."InThe Concept of Sociology and Social Research,Vol. 52, No. 2, January, Poverty, by the Task Force on Economic Growth and 1968. . Opportunity. Washington, D.C., Chamber of Commerce of the United States, 1965. pp. 69-91. Knapp, Daniel Leo Scouting the War on Poverty: Social Reform Politics in Good, Paul the Kennedy Administration. Ph.D. dissertatibn. Eugene, "A tale of two cities."Nation,Vol. 203, No.17, Ore., University of Oregon, 1970. 447 pages. November 21, 1966, pp. 534-38. Mead, Margaret Grumg, James L., and Stamm, Keith R. "Some social consequences of a guaranteed income."In "Communication and t.00rientation of Committed Spending. A Route toEt.unumit. Security, Amencan Rehakioral Scientist,Mart.kApril, 1973, Vol. lb, Robert Theubdid, editor. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday and No. 4, pp. 567-91. Company,'Inc., 1968. pp. 93-116. A review of the literature is given; of especial note is the resume, on pages 568-73, of various researches and write-ups O'Hara, Edward of Grunig, the senior author. Some of these involve the issue "VISTA on Ninth Avenue."Communities in Action, of how government personnel and members of organizations Vol. I, No. I, May, 1966, pp. 5-7.

117 109 11010. Attitudes Toward the Poor

Sutton, Willis A., Jr. "Leadership and community relations." In Community Action in Appalachia, Unit 8. Springfield, Va., Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, August, 1968. 154 p.

Theobald, Robert, editor Social Policies for America itthe Seventies: Nine DivergentViews.Garden City,N.Y.,Doubledayand Company, Inc., Anchor Books, 1969. xix, 210 p. There are contributions by Leon H. Keyser ling, Garth L. Mangum, F. Helmut Weymar, Arthur Pearl, Lawrence L. Suhm, Louis 0. Kelso and Patricia Netter, Robert Theobald, John Holt, and John Mcl -Iale.

U.S. Dept. of Labor. Manpower Administration. "Attitudes and motives of MDTA trainees: a 'pilot investigation." Manpower Report, No. 11. Washington, D.C., November, 1965. 6 p.

Wickenden, Elizabeth "Sharingprosperity:incomepolicyoptions in an affluent society." In Towards Freedom From Want, Sar A. Levitan, Wilbur J. Cohen, Robert J. Lampman, editors. pp. 3-33. Madison, Wis., The University of Wisconsin, Industrial Relations Research Association, 1968. viii, 243 p. This is a very readable essay, especially for nonecono- metricians, which enunciates the major problems of providing.for the poor within the context of the national mood and economic structure. The author traces the history of the American poor from frontier times tothe present. Ms. Wickendon discusses social attitudes in a number of places. In a section on the characteristics of a market economy, she says. "Thus laissez-faire economics and social Darwinism combine .to reassure the prosperous that their private gain is a social good and that the plight of those who fail to reach this happy state lies somewhere in their own inferiorities. This attitude, however anachronistic, survives today as in the time of Dickens." (p. 11)

118 B. Attitudes Toward the Poor

12. Attitudes Affecting the Future of the Poor

Bern, DarylJ. Urban Life," on pages 71-105, including the performance of Beliefs, Attitudes, and Human Affairs.Belmont, Cal., theantipovertyprogram, theefficacyof the mayors' Brooks/ Cole Publishing Co., 1970. x, 114 p. Bibhography. attempts to solve city problems, neighborhood services such pp. 100.5. as .publicschools,parks, and playgrounds, and garbage collection; "The Relation of White Attitudes to Dissatisfac- Blaustem, Arthur I., and Woock, Roger R., editors tion and Powerlessness," on pages 107-17, "White Attitudes Man Against Poverty. World War III, A Reader in the in the Suburbs," on pages 119-25, and "Stability and Change World's Most Crucial Issue. NewYork, Vintage.Books, 1968. in Racial Attitudes. 1964-1970," on pages 127-54. xvi, 456 p. Campbell, Angus, and Cooper, Homer C. Brecher, Charles Group Differences in Attitudes and Votes. Ann Arbor, The Impact of Federal Antipoverty Policies.New York, Mich., The University of Michigan, Institutefor Social Praeger Publishers, 1973. xvii, 129 p. Research, Survey Research Center, 1956. Tables, charts, bibliography: pp. 117-26. This is an excellent short book which indirectly shows Cartwright, Walter Joseph how the middle class treats the poor by illustrating what the Minority without Ethnicity. Ph.D. dissertation. Univer- various programs such as MDTA and the Economic Oppor- sity of Texas, 1964. tunity Act of 1964 have tried to accomplish. Catton, William, and Sung, Chick Hong Brigham, John Carl "The relation of apparent minority ethnocentrism to Ethnic Stereotypes, Attitudes, and Treatment of Ethnic majority antipathy." American Sociological Review, Vol. 27, Group Members. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Colorado, 1962, pp. 178-91. 1969. Chossudovsky, Michel John Campbell, Angus The Application of the Social Welfare Function to the WhiteAttitudes toward Black People.Ann Arbor, Planning of Economic and Social Policy. Ph.D. dissertation. Mich., The Universityof Michigan, Institute of Social Chapel Hill, N.C., University of North Carolina, 1971. 220 Research, August, 1971. 177 p. pages. Tables, graphs. This is one of the most prominent works in print on the Colle, R.D. attitudes of whites toward olacks. Especially valuable is the "Negro image in the mass media a case study in social author's sociologicalresearch, which has been analyzed change." JournalismQuarterly,Vol. 45, No. I, 1968, pp. statistically and is presented in easily understood tables and 55-60. graphs. Campbell takes care to point out that some causal relationship patterns may not be supported by the statistics. Davis, James C. In the chapter,"The Natureof White Attitudes," on pages "Cleveland's white probler... a challenge to the bar " 1-21, the author points out that while many whites claim to Journal of Human Relations, Vol. 15, 1967, pp. 395-410. be friendly with one or more blacks, they may, in practice, have a negative attitude toward black people m general, and, Dugan, Dennis J., and Leahy, William H., editors that people who see widespread hostility in others are very Perspectives onPoverty. New York, Praeger Publishers, resistant to interracial contact themselves. Other diapers 1973. Praeger Special Studies in U.S. Economic, Social, and and their special emphases are: "Attitudes Toward Social Political IssueS. ix, 201 p. Action," on pages 21-42, including attitudes toward civil Tables. rightslegislation, attitudes toward federalaid tocities, This collection includes chapters by various authorities attitudes toward police control, attitudes toward countemot- on methods of alleviating poverty, reasons for poverty,and mg, individual action, "Racial Differences in the Quality of labor marker systems, among others. At the end of each

119 ill 112 J B. Attitudes Toward the Poor chapter are copious bibliographic references. Altogether, this Hamel, Thomas Arthur book is a unique blend of authoritative scholarship combined A Cross-SectionalLxamination of Commitment to with simple, uncluttered writing. VisualStereotypes,Attitudes, andInformation About Specific Ethnic Groups. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Fishman, R.U., and Everson, R.W. Washington, 1970. 214 pages. "The implications of the differing perceptions of urban and suburbancitizensfor environmental comprehensive Hansen, Niles M. health planning." Ameriean Journal of Public. Health, Vol. -Regional development and the rural poui."Journalof 61, June, 1971, pp. 1126-29. Human Resources, Vol. 4, No. 2, Spring, 1969, pp. 205-14.

Freedman, Alex S., editor Heilbroner, Robert L. "Symposium. views on American poverty." Journal of "The future of capitalism." World, Vol.I, No. 6, Human Relation; Vol. 15, No. 2, 1967, pp. 146-68: September 12, 1972, pp. 27-30.

Gilbert, Neil, and Eaton, Joseph W. Howell, Wayne Keeney "Who speaks for the poor?" Atneriean Institute of Some Inter-relationships of Expressed Ethnic Attitudes Planners Journ4 Vol. 36, No. 6, November, 1970, pp. andBriefInter-culturalContacts.Ph.D. dissertationin 411-16. Education. Bloomington, Ind., Indiana University, 1962. 189 pages. Glazer, Nathan "Paradoxes of American poverty." Public Interest, Vol. Hyman, Herbert H. 1, Fall, 1965, pp. 71-81. "The value systems of different classes: a social psy- This article examines Americans' moralistic attitudes chological contribution to the analysis uf stratitication." In toward poverty. While European social service programs Class, Status and Power. A Reader in Social Stratification, provide sufficient wages to those unable to provide for Reinhard Bendix and Sey moot Martin Lipsi,t, editors. New themselves, the American system requires work incentive York, The Free Press, 1953. pp. 426-42. measures becausebeing poorstillconnotes disgracein America. Glazer sees poverty as a race problem, the result of Lander, B.G. antiblack attitudes.liesays, "The chief reason why our Group theory and individuals. the u-igin of poverty as impoverished population forms a mayor social problem, and a political issue in 1964." It'estun Political Quarterly, Vol. England's does not, is because of who they are." 24, September, 1971, pp. 514-26.

Graham, James Lane, Robert E. The Enemies of the Poor. New York, Vintage Books, Political Ideology. Why the A meriean Common Man Random Ibuse, 1970. x, 308 p. Believes What He Does. New York, The Free Press of The author, writing from his own experience and using Glencoe, 1962. xi, 509 p. directquotes, discusses theinaccessibility of education, justice, employment, and welfare to the poor. Lewis, Ilylan Comments on "Poverty: An Anthropologist's View," by Green, James Alan Thomas Gladwin, a paper presentoi before the National Attitudinal and Situational Determinants uf Intended Conference on Social Welfare, Minneapolis, May 17, 1961. 5 Behavior Towards Negroes. Ph.D. dissertation. University of p. Colorado, 1967..194 pages. Hylan Lewis is on the Health and Welfare Council of the National Capital Area. Greenstone, David "Political poverty." In Perspectives on Poverty, Dennis Massachusetts Home Economics Association. J. Dugan and William II. Leahy, editors. New York, Praeger Working with Low-Income Families. Proceedings of the Publishers, 1973. pp. 23-30. Massachusetts Home Economics Association Workshop. is equally possible to consider the., presence or 'Massachusetts Home Economics Association, September, absence of an internal economic attitude. which Weber called 1965. 47 p. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1958), or poverty imposed by external but noneconomic conditions." McDill, Edward L. (p. 23) "Anomie,authoritarianism,prejudice,andsocio- economic status: an attempt at clarification." Social Forces, Vol. 39, March, 1961, pp. 239-45. Grossman, Joel Stephen Psychological Determinants of Reaction to Neighbor- Meyerson, Martin hood Racial Change. 211.D. dissertation. Cleveland, Ohio, "Urban pohcy: reforming reform." Daedalus, Vol. 97, Western Reserve University, 1966. 199 pages. No. 4, Fall, 1968, pp. 1410-30.

Hahn, Harlan, and Feagin, Joe R. Moynihan, Daniel P. "Rank-and-fileversusCongressional perceptions of "The professors and the poor." Commentary, Vol. 46, ghetto riots." In Black Political Attitudes, Charles S. Bullock, No. 2, August, 1968, pp. 19-28. and Harrell R. Rodgers, editors. Chicago, Markham Publish Moynihan traces the history of the War on Poverty, ing Co., 1972. pp. 169-82. saying that, "The most conspicuous effect of all this has been Tables, bibliographic footnotes. a near obsessive preoccupation with the 'blame' for poverty,

120 13. 12. Attitudes Affecting the l'uture/113 especiallyNegro poverty. tp. 28) Quoting Peter Rossi, ample easily understood statistics and copious bibliographic Zahava D. Blum, and Gunnar My rdal, the author points out references. The book deals with data gathered from the that professors, who are largely upper middle-class, write Gallup Polls, the Roper Polls, the National Opinion Research about poverty in an inverse proportion to the incidence of Center, and the Survey Research Center at the University of poverty within their OW n'Slat.hil group. Michigan. The author includes old-age insurance, depression years programs for the elderly, medicare, health insurance, Mulligan, Raymond A, unemployment compensation, and attitudes toward welfare. Socioeconomic background and minority attitudes." Chapter 6, "Soual Insurance and Public Welfare," on Sociologt and Social Re.seareh, Vol. 45, No. 3, April, 1961, pages 151.7:3,is an important discussion of the public's pp. 289-94. feeling, as disclosed by the data, that while the obviously needy deserve some welfare sustenance, cash transfers-tend Palmer, John L. to destroy work motivation. The data showed a correspond- I ederal policy toward labor markets and poverty." hi ence between support of a minimum guaranteed income and Perspectives on Poverty, Dennis J. Dyg.in and William 11. support of eligibility tests for recipients. While there was a Leahy, editors. New York, Praeger Publishers, 1973. pp. correspondence between attitudes toward welfare and atti- 150-66. tudes toward organized labor and centralized government, Palmer uses various statistics such as those from the there was no correspondence between attitudes toward i y4Stine), of Economic Opportunit), to support the idea welfare and attitudes toward foreign pulley or Communism. that the poor arc neither reluctant to look for work nor lazy. 1 he appendices include reference ,niaterial from pull and In sections on macroeconomic and microeconomic policies, newspaper sources. Appendix A, "Questions, Sources, and heenumeratesseveralmethods of absorbing marginal Supplementary Tables," on pages 185-207, includes compila- workers into the labor market, such as cooperation between tions of questions from the polls from 1935-1965. Schatz the public and private sectors, and better use of job talent points out problems of the data, such as misunderstanding of regionally. Since, in spite of many federally funded schemes, terms. He feels that the fact that the public is not totally there is not a national manpower plan, Palmer feels that a opposed to new income maintenance techniques is hopeful. public employment program is imperative. Scoble, Ilarry M. Powell, Mel D., et al. "The political scientist's perspective on poverty." hi ,CommunityActionfurthe Support of Economic Poverty. New Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Thomas Weaver Development District, Washington, D.C., National Associa- and Alvin Magid, editors. San Francisco, Chandler Publishing tion of Counties Research Foundation, January, 1970. 139 Co., 1969. pp. 134-61. p. Senna, Carl, editor Pratt, Lois The Fallacy of LQ. New ,York. The Third Press, Joseph "Optimism-pessimism about helping the poor with Okpaku Publishing Co., Inc., 1973. 184 p. health problems." Social Work. Vol. 15, April, 1970, pp. 19-33. Shapiro, Joan Dominant Leaders among Slum Hotel Residents. New Rainwater, Lee York, Community Psychiatry Division, St. Luke's Hospital "Poverty in the United States." In Toward a National Center, October 8, 1968. 13 p. Urban Policy, Daniel P. Moynihan, editor. New York, Basic Books. 1970. pp. 195-205. Smuts, Robert W. Women and Work in America. New York, Schoeken Rokeach, Milton Books, 1971. xviii, 176 p. The Open and closed Mind. Iniestigaticois olio the First published in 1959, this version contains a new ,\ature of Belief Si stems and PersonalitySisttins. New forward by Eli Ginzberg. Chapter IV Is "Women, Men, and York, Basic Books, 1960. xv, 447 p. Work. Values and Attitudes," on pages 110-55, which gives Diagrams, tables. quite a complete picture of the image of women up to the end of the last century. Rossi, Peter, and Blum, Zahava D. 0 !Class.status, and poverty." In On Understanding U.S. Senate. Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Poverty, Daniel P. Moynihan, edifor. New York, Basle Books, Needs. 1968. pp. 36-63. "Ilunger 1973" and Press Reaction, prepared by the staff of the Select Committee on Nutrition, November, 1973. Runclumam Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Off cc, 1973. Relatne Depnvation and Social Justice: A Study of 91 p. Attitudes to Social Inequality in 20th Century England. Tables. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1966. The tables in this report present statistics on the-hungry or nutritionally deficient people of the U.S.; they statistics Schiltz, Michael E. are easily understandable for nonstatisticians. Figures for Public Attitudes Toward Social Security, 1935-1965. 1975 on poverty counties in the U.S. are presented state by Social Security Administration, U.S. Dept. of Health, Educa- state. rhese show the percent of the population in poverty tion, and Welfare, ()thee of Resc..rch and Statistics, Research and the percent receiving federal food assistance. Table 6 Report NO. 33. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing includes data on twelve states with large Indian pt-pulations. Office, November, 1970. xiii, 231 p. Tables. Appendix B, on pages 75-88, contains quotations from This book is exceptional inits documentation, with newspapersonhunger,thesenewspapersincludethe

121 114 t B. Attitudes Toward the Poor t

Indianapolis Star; Minneapolis Tribune; Norfolk, Va., Pilot; KnoxvilleNewsSentinel; Ashville, N.C., Citz:en: and Boise Statesman. Vatter, Harold G., and Will, Robert E. "Technology and the new philosophy of poverty." The Southern Economic Journal, Vor33, No. 4, April, 1967, pp. 559-71.

Will, Robert E., and Vatter, Harold G. Poverty inAffluence:TheSocial,Political,and Economic Dimensions of Poverty in the United States. New York, Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc., 1965. 274 p.

Williams, Robin Murphy, et al. Strangeri Next Door: Ethnic Relations in American Communities !mood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1964. xiv, 434 p. - Bibliographic footnotes.

Wirt, Frederick M., et al. On the City's Rim: Politics and Policy in Suburbia. Lexington, Mass., D.C. Heath and Company, 1972. xvii, 252 p. Tables, bibliographic references. The authors examine the expressed goals and aspirations and the consequent political party affiliations and voting pattrns in the suburbs of American cities. Table 14-3, on page 196, graphs congressmen's support of the Food Stamp Bill of 1973 by locale and party. Chapter 8, "City-Suburb Attitudinal Differences in the National Population," on pages 103-15, includes two sections of special interest: "On the Expansion of the Rights of Blacks," pages 109-11; and "The SpecialIssueof Residential Segregation," pages 111-13. Chapter 9, "Orientations Toward Community and Politics," on pages 117-29, contains data from Boston and Los Angeles which provide disparate examples of suburban patterns. This chapter includes: orientations toward community, orientations toward local government, issue orientations, and "Is There a Suburban State of Mind?" "The national and metropolitan survey data analyz...!d in these two chapters provide some support for the image of suburban political cultureas more Republican and more resistant to social change in the area of race relations than its urban counter- part." (p. 129)

r 122 B. Attitudes Toward the 'Poor

13. Attitudes About Desegregation

Baroni,14.40"r. Geno Evans, Charles Lee "The unmeitable Americanhe will be heard." The The Immediate Effects of Cl.assroom Integration on the :ournal of Current Social Issues, Vol. 10, No. 3, Summer, Academic Progress, Self Concept, and Racial Attitude of 1972, pp.44-11. Negro Elementary Children. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Photographs'. North Texas State University, 1969. 99 pages. The author sees cultural and ethnic -pluralism as an emerging trend of the seventies. He also pbints out that, Fisher, James Edward according to a survey by Louis Harris and Associates, the An Exploration of the Effect of Desegregation on. the most vehemently antieti,;are not minorities such as the Educational Plans of Negro and White Boys. Ph.D. disserta- Polish or the Ir.;sh, but rather ye the white Anglo-Saxon tion in Education. Oklahoma State University, 1970. 124 Protestants. pages.

Brown,.Claire Griffin, Jack Leo "Report on reports." South Today, Vol.1, No. 3, The Effects of Integration on Academic Aptitude, September, 1969, p. 2. Classroom Achievement, Self-Concept, and Attitudes Toward This is a resume of a study undertaken by the Dept. of the School Environment of a Selected, Group of Negro Health, Education, and Welfare on how people feel about Students in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Ph.D. dissertation. University school desegregation. of Tulsa, 1969. Burgess, Margaret Elaine The Role of the Minority Community in Desegregation: Hall, Burnis, Jr. A Study of Leadership and Po.; es in Biracial Setting. Ph.D. A -Jr Student A etudes Regarding Desegregation dissertation. Chapel Hill, N.C., University of North Carolina, in Sele;ted School Sy stems n Tennessee. Ph.D. dissertation 1960. 294 pages. in Education. The University of Tennessee, 1972. 146 pages.

Conant, Ralph W.; Levy, Sheldon; and Lewis, Ralph 1 Hall, Donald Joe "Mass polarization: Negro and white attitudes on the A Study of Attitudes Toward School Desegregation of pace of integration." American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 13, Teachers Involved in Faculty Desegregation. Ph.D. disserta- No. 2, November/December, 1969, pp. 247-63. tion in Education. The University of Oklahoma, 1969. 160 Figure. pages. Crowe, Dallas Randall DesegregationofCharlottesville,Virginia,Public Halle, Robert Andre Schools, 1954-1969. A Casg,.Sdy. Ph.D. dissertation in The Effects of a Teaching Resource Unit on the Education. Charlottesville,iya., Un ersity of Vugima, 1971. Attitudes of Segregated Whitt: Fifth-Grade Students. Ph.D. 402 pages. dissertation. East Lansing, Mich., Michigan State University, 1970. 418 pages. Cypert, Kenneth Eugene. The Immediate Effect of Classroom integration on the Academic Progress, Sell-Concept, and Racial Attitudes of Earned, Roger James White Attitudes TowardRacial Integrationinthe Elementary White Students. Ph.D.. dissertation in Education. United States, 1964-1968. Ph.D. dissertation. University of North Texas State University, 1971. 116 pages. Minnesota, 1972. 228 pages. Dentler, Robert A. "Ethnic relations." Ire Major American Social Problems, Hyman, Herbert H., and Sheatsley, Paul B. Robert A. Dentler, editor. Chicago, Rand McNally, 1967. pp. "Attitudes toward desegregation." Suentlfu. American, 163-2M Vol. 195, December, 1956, p. 26.

123 115 t.

116B. Attitude% Toward the Poor

Hyman, Herbert II, and Sheatsley, Paul B. Schools, Summer 1966. Ph.D. dissertationin Education. "Attitudes toward desegregation." In Major Amena Chapel Hill, N.C., University of North Carolina, 1969. 124 Social Problems, Robert Dentler, editor. Chicago, Rand pages. %Nally, 1%7. pp. 222-28. Sullivan, Neil V. Hyman, Herbert H., and Sheatsley, Paul B. "Discussion, Berkeley unified school district." Ilarrard "Attitudes toward desegregationseven years later." Educational Rcviett,Vol. 38, No.1, Winter, 1968, pp. Scientific American, Vol. 211, July, 1964, p. 14. 148-55.

Lang, Gladys E.; anger, Morton; and Mallett, Roy Torrence, Lee Allen Resistance and Support for &hoot vesegregation Pro- A Study of Factors Associated With Negro Teachers' posals. A Stutiy of Parental Reaction in Rochester. New Attitudes and Opinions Toward Faculty Desegregation. Ph.D. York, Center for Urban Education, October, 1967. dissertation. University of Kentucky, 1966.

Manaster, G.J. Useern, Elizabeth Livingston "Attitudes on school integtation and desegregation. a White Suburban Secondary Students in Schools with study of reactions to acurt ortIcr." Integrated Education, Token Desegregation. Correlates of Racial Attitudes. Ph.D. Vol. 9, March, 1971, pp. 3-8. dissertation inEducation. Ilarvard University, 1971. 265 pages. Muir, Donald E., and McGlainery, Donald C. "The evolution of desegregation attitudes of southern Webb, John Compton university students." Phylun, Vol. 29, No. 2, p. 105. Personal Problems of Negro Students in High Schools of East Texas. Ph.D. dissertation College Station, 1 ex., Texas A Nelson, J & M University, 1971. 114 pages. "Urban poor: disruption or political integration in third world cities?" World Politics, Vol. 22, April, 1970, pp. Welch, Ai Oita Atwood 393-414. A Study of the Attitude Changes of Participants in an Institute Program to Prepare Personnel of Rural, Isolated, Owen, Ray Allen MajOrity-Negro School Districts for School Desegregritiots. Attitudes Relative to Sc..I Acceptance among Fifth- Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Charlottesville, Va., Unive Grade Pupils Who were Racially Mixed a a Result of Busing. say of Virginia, 1970. 144 pages. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Ball State University, 1969. 120 pages. Whitehead, Robert Eugene Attitudes of Suburban Groups Toward Negroes and Ruben, Lillian B. Inter-DistrictBusingofStudents.Ph.D. dissertationin The Politics of Rage. School Desegregation and the Education. University of Washington, 1969. 132 pages. Revolt of Middle America. Berkeley, Cal.,University of California, 1971. 321 p.

St. John, Nancy Hoyt "De tack) segregation and interracial association in high school." Sociology of education, Vol. 37, Summer, 1964, pp. 326-44. The author researched two New England integrated high schools on the attitudes and personal contacts of .r.udents. Shefoundthatminoritystudents 'tendedtobe well represented in athletics, but were represented less in other school extracurricular activities.

Saltzman, Juliet "Integration attitude differentials and the social situation.' ion, Vol. 32, Fall, 1971, pp. 312-25.

Sloane, Martin E. The Diminishing Barrier: A Report on Schor i Desegre- gationinNine Communities. U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, December, 1973%ClearinghouSe Publication No. 40. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972. 64 p. Table,;. "Teachers' attitudes toward the plan," is on page 63: "Attitudes of Black and white parents," is on page 64.

Smith, Grover A., Jr. A Study of A.ttitudes of a Sample Population of Chapel Hill, North Carolina, on Racial Transition in the Local Public 124 B. Attitudes Toward the Poor

14. Attitudes of Religious Groups Toward the Poor

Cameron, P. Mauss, Armand Lind "Valued dspet.ts of religion to Negroes and whites." Mormonism and Minorities. Berkeley. Cal., Univeisity Proceedings of American Psychological Association, 77th, of California, 1970. 294 p. 1969, Vol. 4, Pt. 2, pp. 741-42. Merton, Robert K. Fichter, Joseph H. "Factandfactitiousnessinethnic opinionnaires." "Americanre1:7,..-m and the Negro." In The Negro American Sociological Review, Vol. 5, 1940, pp. 13-27. Also Amerit.an, Takott Parsons and Kenneth B. Clark, editors. in What We Say/What We Do, by Irwin Deutscher, Glenview, Boston, Beacon Press, 1965. pp. 401-22. Scott, Foresman and Company, 073, pp. 23-34. Bibliography. The firstsection is on attitudes of religious groups toward the Negro. The article is a classic of the 1940s, laying Frerking, Kenneth Lee a theoretical framework for white-black feelings, north-south Soual and Ragious Ridesamong Lutheran Stu- interaction,and white attitudes toward other minority dents. Ph.D. dissertation. Columbia, University of Missouri, groups. 1970. 310 pages. Murphy, John C. Goode, Brian Erick An Analysis of the Attitudes of American Catholics Soual Class and Churt.h Partit.ipatiun. Ph.D. disseita- Toward the Immigrant and the Negro. Washington, D.C., ton. New York, Columbia University. 196C,. 297 rages. Catholic University of America Press, 1940. 158 p.

Graham, James Nelson, Hart M., and Hokley, Raytha L. The Enemies of the Poor. New York, Random House, "Civilrightsattitudes of ruraland urban Presby- Vintage Books, 1970. x, 308 p. terians." Rural Sociology, Vol. 35, No. 2, June, 1970, pp. In Ch(apter 7,'"God's Poor," on pages 131-51, Graham 161-74. examines the role of the churches; he feels they have failed the poor. In Chapter 8, "The Sanctity of the Status Quo," on Schuman, Howard pages152-75, he Wes what he sees as the unt.onst.ious "The seligious factor in Detroit. review, replication, and hypocrisy of Christians. reanalysis."AmericanSociologicalReview,Vol. 36, February, 1971, pp. 30-48.. Kupke, Darold George Tables. Religiosity and Soual Distant.e. A Community Study. The author used Gerhard Lenski's "The Reiigious Ph.D. dissertation. Linwln, University of rvebraska, 1971. Factor," (1963) as the basis for this new interpretation, 107 pages. which includes Protestants, Catholics, and Jews; he also examines the working class and its attitudes toward work. Laumann, Edward 0., and Segal, David R. "Status inconsistency and ethnoreligious group mem- Senior, Blondel Eslington bership as.determinants of social participation and political A- Sociometric Study of Children of Different Socio- attitudes." Amer:can Journal of Sociology, Vol. 77, No. 1, economic Levels in an Interrat.ial, Interreligious Camp. Ph.D. July, 1971, pp. 36-61. dissertation. Athens, University of Georka, 1971. 130 pages. Bibliography: pp. 59-61, tables, charts. Frazier, Margaret E. "American Catholics and Negroes." Phylon, Vol. 30, Maranell, Winter, 1969, pp. 355-66. "An examination of some religious and political attitude correlates of bigotry." Social Forces, Vol. 45, No. 3, Verkler, Billy Duan 1967, pp. 316-62. An Application of Cognitive Dissonance Theory to

125 117 118 / B. Attitudes Towad the Poor

Reference Group Behavior: A Study of Racial Attitudes of Church Members in Searcy, Arkansas. Ph.D. dissertation. `Mississippi State University, 1970. 134 pages.

Wilson, Robert L., and Davis, James H. The Churchinthe Racially Changing Community. Nashville, Abingdon Press, 1966. Prepared and edited by Research and Survey, National Division, The Board of Missions of The Methodist Church. 159 p. The theme is the problem of absorbing growing proportions of Negroes into churches that were formerly aimost totally white, jusuaily in areas where racial composition is rapidly being altered. Eight chapters deal with this problem, with emphasis on showing reluctant congregations what there is to be gained from integrating not only their services, their adult membership, but also their church school membership and neighborhood as well.

126 C. Changing Attitudes

.127 119 pi C. Changing Attitudes

Alexander, Dennis Clair Services for Changing Clients. New York, Columbia Univer- EffectsofPerceivedSourceCredibility,Ego- sity Press, 1969. pp. 37-54. Involvement, and Initial Attitude on Students* Images,of the Black Student Union. Ph.D. dissertation. The Ohio State Beisecker, Thomas D., and Parson, Donn W., editors University, 1969. 67 pages. 7'J Process of Social Influence: Readings in Persuasion. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1972. ix, 499 p. Anderson, Ronald Bibliography, illustrations. "Attitudeschangingtowardspovertyproblems." Toronto Glob:. and Mail, Business Section, June 17, 1972, p. Biber, Barbara "Goals andmethods inapreschool program for disadvantaged children." Children, Vol. 17, No. I, January/ Angel, Frank February, 1970, pp. 15-20. Program Content to Meet the Educational Needs of Mexican-Americans. Las Cruces, N.M., ERIC Clearinghouse Bienvenu, Millard J. un Rural Education and Small Schools, New Mexico St.te Effects of School Integration on the Self Concept and University, March, 1968. 19 p. Anxiety of Lower-Class, Negro Adolescent Males. Ph.D. dissertation. The Florida State University. 1968. 104 pages. Back, Edith B. Public Welfare, Volunteers, and the War on Poverty. Bitensky, Reuben North Carolina Fund, February, 1966. 118 p. Social action.the therapy of poor folk." Mental Hygiene, Vol. 53, No. 4, October, 1969, pp. 503-8. Back, Kurt W., and Parmesh, C.R. "Self-image,information exchange andsocialchar- Blalock, Hubert M. acter." International Journal of P.s.iLhology, Vol. 4, No. 2, Toward a Theory of Minority-Group Relations. New 1969, pp. 109-17. York, Wiley, 1967. 221 p. Tables. Blankenship, Cecil Nelson Barron, Milton Leon, editor Racial Attitude Changes that Take Place Upon Integra- Minorities in a Changing WorldNew York, Knopf, tion of a Residential Children's Horne. Ph.D. dissertation. 1967. xiii, 481 p., ix. Knoxville, University of Tennqcee, 1972. 197 pages.

Baron, Reuben M., and Bass, Alan R. Blume, Frank Reinhart The Role of Social Reinco, cement Parameters in Im- The Effectof NegroPictorial Material on Racial proving Trainee Task Performance and Self Image. ljt.truit, Attitudes. Ph.D. dissertation. Claremont, Cal., Claremont Wayne State University, Dept. of Psychology, September, Men's College, 1966. 1969. 262 p. Blumenthal,_Monica_D., et al. Beard, Eugene Justifying Violence: Attitudes of American Men. Ann The Ethnic Identity of the Classroom Instructor as a Arbor, MICE., Institute for Social Research, 1971 367 p. Factor in Changing Anti-Negro Attitudes of White College Students. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Maryland, 1969. Bogardus, Emory S. 120 pages. "Racial reactions by regions." Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 43, March/April, 1959, pp. 286-90. Beck, Duane W. "Changing conceptsof social work treatnient 2n4 Bonjeln, Charles, and Crow, Wayman J. prevention of problems on a community level."In Chmiving oices that Count. Establishment, Brown, and Black 128 121 122 ,(' banging %mimics

Influentials in San Diego County, California. La Jolla, Cal., Corps Center. Santa Monica, Cal., Rand Corp.. December. Western Behavioral scieni.es Institute, October 15, 1969, 14-1- 1970.PerformedundercontractwiththeOfficeof p. Economic Opportunity. "The evaluation is designed to estimate the association Booz,. Allen and Hamilton. between the post-program economic prospects, the attitudes Study ofthe Vermont Manpowei Lxperimental and of each orpswoman, and ea_h element of the set of services Demonstration Program, Final Report. Washington, D.C.?, which she received from the Center." fp. Attitudinal Booz, Allen and Hamilton, 1973. 284 p. variables and measures are discussed in Chapter 6, on pages The goal of this study was to move poor clients into steady jobs by first giving them work experience in the manpower programs. "This research study took up the Cason, D., and Wagner, M.G. question of how attitudes and motivations as a "The dung:rig rule of the sz,v,,e, professional within result of project experience and how clients' attitudes and the ghetto." Journal of Amtntan Atkin. Ass,iation, Vol. motivations and client-staff relationships were related to 60, January, 1972, pp. 21-25. project outcomes." Chaiklin, Harris Borden, David "Motivating the poor." In Poverty in Canada and the 'Community organization participation on the blua." United States, Benjamin Schlesinger, editor. Toronto, Univer- In Citizen Participation. A Case Book in Democracy, Edgar sity of Toronto Press, 1966. pp. 3-13. S. Cahn and Barry A. Passett, editors. Trenton, N.J., New Jerst.y Community Action Training Institute, May, 1969. pp. Chandler, Robert 105-20. Public Opinion: Changing ff ttitudes on Contemporary PoliticalandSocialIssues. New York, R.R. Bowkcr Brandes, Paul D. Company, 1972. A CBS Reference Book. xi, 195 p. The Effect of Role Playing by the Culturally Disad- See annotation in Section F. vantaged on Attitudes toward BidiActahsm: Final Report. Chapel Hill, N.C., University of North Carolina, November, Clark, Kenneth B., et al. 1971. 82 p. The Educationally DepriPcd: The Potential for Change The purpose of this program was to introduce students New York, Metropolitan Applied Research Center, Inc., whose native tongue was a nonstandard English dialect to 1972. 208 p. usage of standard English. One hundred and twenty blacks used scripts which placed them in the roles of employers and Clark, Myra Nell Parkerson college admissions officers, after the role-playing they felt The Wed of Informational Communu.ation un Atti- more at ease in their knowledge and usage of both their own tude Change of '-Education Majors in a Southern College dialect and standard English. towardthe Culturally and Economically Disadvantaged. Ph.D. dissertation. Athens, University of Georgia, 1971. 110, Bridges, Benjamin, Jr. pages. Redistributive Effects of Transfer Payments among Age and L'onoinic Status Groups. Washington, D.C., U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Social Security Adminis- Cloward, Richard A., and Ontell, Robert tration, Staff Paper No. 10. October, 1971.33 p. "Our illusions about training." American Chili/. Vol. 47, Tables. No. 1, January, 1965, pp. 6-10.

Brill, Naomi 1. Cohen, A lana WorA.Ing With Ptodlt.Prihttplts of tht Helping Prot tss. Bibliography on Crisis, Chant, Pow cr and Intervention, Philadelphia, Pa., J.B. LippuKott Company, 1973. 225 p. St. Louis, Mu., Washington University, SoaalSoence Insti tine, 1971. 58 leaves. A staff of resinachers has assembled a unique collec- Bullock, Paul tion of information on these four urgent contemporary social Fighting Poverty. The View from Watts, Presented at concerns. the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Industrial Relations Research Association, December 29, 1966, San Francisco. Cohen, Arthur R. Cal. 20 p. Attitude Change and Social Influence. New York. Basic Mimeographed. Books, Inc., 1964. xv..156 p. Bibliography' pp. 141=,49. Campbell, D.T. Cohen surveys the-literature in experumntal psychology "The indirect assessment of social attitude." In Read- on attitude change, paying special attention to cognitive ings in Attitude Theory and Measurement, M. Viskbein, dissonance. Chapter 9 includes a discussion on improving the editor. New York, Wiley. 1967 pp. 163-79. attitudes of whites toward blacks using a combination of those techniques used by social surveyors and experimental Carney. Frank J.: Mattick, Ilans W.. and Callaway, John D. psychologists. Action on the Streets. A Handbook for Innereity Youth Work. New York, Association Press, 1969. 160 p. Coser, Lewis (..:arroll, Stephen J., et al. The Function> of Social Conflict. New York, Free. Press, Evaluation Design for the Los Angeles Women's Job 1956. 129 C. Changing Attitudes / 123

Craddock. George W. Dodson, Jerry Paul Changing Expectations. A Program of Rehabilitation Participation in a Bira,ual Encountcrgroup. Its Relation forthePsycho-SociallyDisabled.Boston, Mass., North- to Acceptance of Self and Others, Racial Attitudes, and :astern L niversity, Northeastern Studies in Vocational Reha- Interpersonal Orientations. Ph.D. dissertat.,,, Purdue Uni bilitation, Monograph No. 5, August, 1968, 63 p. versity, 1970. 110 pages.

Craig, Jimmie Merle Donohew, Lewis, and Parker, Joanne M. TheRelationship Between ChangeinAttitudes of Impacts of Educational Change Efforts in Appalachia. Disadvantaged Pupils Toward Reading and the Involvement Las Criu.cs, N.M., ERIC Clearinghouse on Rural Education of Their Parents in a Reading Program. Ph.D. dissertation. and Small Schools, New Mexico State University, March, United States International Univeisity, 1968. 264 pages. 1970. 18 p.

Cutting, Allan R. Downs, Anthony "Segregation,integration and mental healthinan "Moving toward realistic housing goals." In Agenda for Alabama community," In Psychiatric Climes in Transition, the Nation, Kermit Gordon, editor. Washington, D.C., The Alan B. ,Tulipan and Saul Feldman, editors. New York, Brookings Institution, 1968. pp. 141.78. Brunner/Mazel Publishers, 1969. pp. 53-68. Dressel, P.L., and Lehmann, I.J. Dailey, Charles A. "The impact of higher education on student attitudes, AssessmentofLit es.PcrsonalityLilauationina values andcriticalthinkingabilities." The Educational Bureaucratic Society. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass, 1971. 243 Record, Vol. 46, Summer, 1965, pp. 248-58. p. Duminctt, C.O. Danahy, A nnllechter "Understanding the underprivileged patient."Journal of A Study of the Effects of Busing on rh Achievement, the American Dental Assoc:anon, Vol. 79, December, 1969, Attendance, Attitudes, and Social Choices of Negro Inner- pp. 1363-67. City Children. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. University of Minnesota, 1971. 128 pages. Duncan, Ron "One poor white." New South. Vol. 24, No. 4, Fall, Davis, Earl E. 1969, pp. 49 -59. AttitudeChange: A Review and Bibliographyof SelectedResearch.Paris, UNESCO, 1965.Reports and Earnest, Carol Wayne Papers in the Social Sciences, No. 19. 63 p. The Effects of Two Teaching Methods in Modifying Ninth-Grade Pupil's Attitudes Toward Minority Groups. Day, David E., and George, Louise Y. Ph.D. dissertationin Education. University of Oklahoma, "Effecting change in inner city schools: some reflec- 1968. tions." Jour"! of Negro Education, Vol. 39, No. I, Winter, 1970, pp. 4-13. P(frat, Andrew; Feldman, Roy E.; and Sapolsky, Harvey M. "Inducing poor children to learn." Public Interest, No. 15, Spring, 1969, pp. 106-12. Dean. John and Rosen, Alex Vanua! of Intergroup Relations. Chicago, University of Eisenberg, Terry; 1-osen, Robert II.; and Glickman, Albert S. Chicago Press, 1955. Police-Community Action: A Program for Change in Police-Community Behavior Patterns. New York, Praeger Denman, Clayton Charlton Publishers, 1973. Praeger Special Studies in U.S. Economic, "The role of cultural patterns in manpower develop- Social, and Political Issues. xiv, 201 p. ment." In The Social Sciences and Manpower Research. Facsimiles, illustrations, tables. Ames, laIndustrial Relations Center, Iowa State University, 1969. pp. 95-131. Elam, Ada Maria Social Attitudes Held and Methods for Change Desired Derbyshire. R.I. by Black and White Students in a "Reverse Integration" "Children's perceptions of the pohce: a comparative College Setting. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. The Penn- study of attitudes and attitude change." Journal of Criminal sylvania State University, 1972. 140 pages. Law. Criminology and Police Science, Vol. 59. No. 2, 1968, pp. 183-90. Elencwski, I. Toni Margulies The Effects ofaRacial Confrontation Group on Self-Reported Interpersonal Attitudes and on Intrapersonal Deutscher, Irwin Behavior. Ph.D. dissertationin Education. University of WhatIle Sa /What We Do: Sentiments and Acts. Miami, 1972. 125 pages. Glenview, III., Scott. Foresman and Company. 1973. xii, 370 p, Elsbery,-James William See Annotation in Section E' Measuring Attitudes. The Effect of Social Interaction with the Peers of the Wider Social System upon a Retardate Subculture: The Dichter, Ernest Negro, Puerto Rican, and Caucasian Educable Retardate in Motoating Haman Bchai ur.Ni.* York, McGraw Hill, the Job Market. Ph.D. dissertation. Columbia University, 1971. 253 p 1972. 203 pages. 130 124 ' C. Changing Ail nudes

Endres, M.P. Goldin, George J., et al. "Impact of parent education through ;.iiidiscussion Psychodpiarnics and Enc.blement in the groups in a puvertarea." Journal of Marriage and the. of the Poicro-Bound Client. Lexington, Ma, .., D.C. Ileath, Partial., Vol. 30. May. 1968, pp. 207-27. Lexington Books, 1970. 134 p.

Filson, Marcus Goodwin, M.S., and Goodwin, T.C. "Commentary onraciallychanging nci'hborhoods." "In a dark mirror." Mental /bgienc, Vol. 53, October, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 78, No. 3, November, 1969, pp. 550-63. 1973, pp. 674-76. Reply: Guest. Avery M., and Zuiches, James J. Same Gordon, Edmund W. source, pp. 676-82. Also. Mo Iota, Harvey. "Why neighbor- Guidance in an Urban Setting. New York, Columbia hoods cleanse. areplyto whom it may concern." Same University, Teachers College, ERIC Information Retriev source, pp. 682-84. Center on the Disadvantaged, June, 1970. 14 p.

Ferry, W.11. Gottesfeld; Harry, and Dozier, Gerterlyn "Farewell to integration." The Center Magazine, Vol. I, "Changes in feelings of powerlessness in a community No. 3, March, 1968, pp. 35-40. action program." Psychological Reports, Vol. 19, December, 1966, p. 978. Fisher, Frank L. The Influences of Reading and Discussion on the Cow, Kathleen M. Attitudes of Fifth-Graders Toward American Indians. Ph.D. "The 'values'inpoverty challenges to professional dissertation. Berkeley, University of California, 1965. thinking." Canadian Welfare,Vol. 42, No. 6, November/ December, 1966, pp. 244-49. Freyberg, J.T. "The effect of participation in an elementary school G ratus, Jack buddy system on the self-concept, school attitudes and The Great White. Lie. Sla:co, Emancipation and Chang behaviors, and achievement of fifth-grade Negro children." ing Racial Attitudes. New York, Monthly Review Press, Graduate Research in Education and Related Disciplines, 1973. 324 p. Vol. 3, 1 967, .pp. 3-29. Illustrations, bibliographic notes: pp. 295-315.

George, William Bert Greenleigh Associates, Inc. A Study ofLarge-Scale Organizationina Public In Etaluation of Total diction Against Potero in the Assistance Agency. Ph.D. dissertation.TheOlue,State Rounotke rano. New York, Greenleigh Associates, Decem- Univerlity, 1972. ber, 1968. 167 p.

Gengel, Roy Werner Greenwald. Anthony G.; Brock, Timothy M.: and Ostrom, Generalization of Allect in an Attitude Change Situa- Thomas M., editors tion. Nlaste.'s thesis. Madison, University of Wisconsin, 1962. Eoundations of At:midis. N:w York, 51 leaves. Bibliography, tables. Academic Press, 1968. xvi, 407 p. Bibliography, illustrations. Culbert, Jerome II. Parent AidesA Partial Solution to the Education of Griffin, Jack Leo Disadvantaged Elementary School Children. Available from The Effectsof Integration on Academic Aptitude, theauthoratWI,,"i UniversityLaboratorySchool, Classroom Achievement, Self-Concept, and Attitudes toward Berkeley, Cal., 1968. 17 p. the School Environment of a Selected Group of Negro Students in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Ph.D. dissertation in Educa- Ginzberg, Eh tion. Tulsa, University of Tulsa, 1969. 104 pages. "Manpower research the Cutting edge of policy." Man. power Re'searc'h, Vol. 1, No, II, December, 1969, pp. 3-5. I laile, Allen Cleveland Community -Economic Development and Upward Social Glazer. Nathan Mobility of Black Students: A Strategy for Social Change. "Slums and Ethnicity.- In Social Welfare and Urban Ph.D. dissertation. University of Southern California, 1971. Problems, Thomas D, Sherrard, editor. New York, Columbia 176 pages. University Press, 1968. pp. 84-111 I lamilton, Lawrence S. Goering, John M. An Experimental Study of the Effectiveness of Small -C hanging perceptions and evaluations ofphysical Group Discus.sluiis in Facilitating Inter-Ethnic Group Coin- characteristics among biacks.1950-1970." Phytim.Fall, municationandUnderstanding. Ph.D.dissertation. New 1972. pp. 231-41. Mexico State University, 1969.

Gold, Delores I landler, June Moss Psychological Changes Assoch.t...1 with Acculturation. An Attempt to Change Kindergarten Childien's Atti- Ph.D. dissertation. University of Saskatchewan, 1966. 316 tudes of Prejudice Toward the Negro. Ph.D. dissertation. pages. Columbia University, 1966. L 131 C. Changing Attitudes / 125

1 aring, Ardyce Elaine tudes,motivation, and academic achievement of Negro Attitude Changeasa I- uni.tion of Communmator and students." Journal of Social issues, Vol. 25, Nu. 3, Summer, Audience Types in a Traditional and a Modern Farming 1969, pp. 117-29. 2Communii y. Ph.D. dissertation in Agricultural Journalism. Madison, Wis., University of Wisconsin, 1965. 274 pages. nsko, Chester A. Bibliography. . Theories of Attitude Change. New York, Appleton- Century-Crofts, The Century Psychology Series, 1967. viii, llayes, Marie Therese 374 p. An Investigation of the Impact of Reading on Attitudes Illustrations, bibliography. of Racial Prejudice. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Boston University School of Education, 1969. 161 pages. Irwin, Kate "Low - income Winston-Salem citizens earn as they pre- Haynes, M.A. pare for new careers." American Education, Vol. 4, No. 5, "Professionals and the community confront change." May, 1968, pp. 20-22. American Journal of Public health, Vol. 60. March, 1970, Pp. 519-23. James, Doyle !tile The Effect' of Desegregation on the Self-Concept of Iledgebeth, James Edgar Negro High School Students. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. The Relationship ut Self and Ai.ademii. Attitudes and Hattiesburg, Miss., University of Southern Mississippi, 1970. Academic Achievement of Negro and White Students to 106 pages. School Racial Composition: An Exploratory Study. Ph.D. dissertation. East Lansing, Michigan State University, 1970. Jew, Wing 130 pages. Effects of Teacher and Pupil Expectancy upon School Achievement. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. University of lleilbroner, Robert L. the Pacific, 1970. 151 pages. "The future of capitalism." World. V )I.I, No. 6, September 12, 1972, pp. 27-30. Jones, John Downey College Experiences and Attitude Changes of Econom- Ileum, Anne Murray ically DePrived Students During the First Two Years at BlackPride as a Systemransiorming Variable.Its Arkansas- A and M College. Ph.D. dissertation in ImpaLl on F....:1-image and Attitudes Toward Authority. The University of Mississippi, 1970. !69p ages. Ph.D.dissertation.NorthwesternUniversity,1971. 369 pages. Kaitz,Iidward M., and Hyman, Herbert Harvey "Relationship of citizen organization to public and Hersey. John private sectors.". In Urban Planning for Social Welfare. New "Education. an antidote to poverty." el.1 WV, May, York, Praeger Publishers, 1970. pp. 130-58. 1965. 4 p. Kaplan, Harold 1., and Sadock, Benjamin J. Hicks, Leo Barron, Sr. Coot p r eb waiveGroupPsychotherapy. Baltimore, Apprentu.r, Teadung and Exposure to Additional In- Williams and Wilkins Company, i971. 911 p. formation as Methods ut Attitude Nloditu.ation in Negro liapter ,,on erns the problem of inter rai.ial pre- Students. Ph.D. dissertationin Ldtwatiun. Um% ersityof judke and the use of special group therapy to i.ounter it. Illinois. 1967. 142 pages. Kaplan, Sidney J., and Delbecq, Andre Hort man, Donald Heller "Perceived hindrance to social change ina poverty A SLuIpture Workshop to Improve the Attitudes and program." Sociology and Social Rcscare.h, Vol. 52, No. 2, Design Judgement of Teacher Candidates and the Self- January, 1968, pp. 269-78. Concept of Urban Disadvantaged Children. Ph.D dissertation in Education. University at Georgia, 1972. 261 pages. Kearney, Nancy Lillian Shoemaker Attitude Change of Project Head Start Parents. Ph.D. Ifolland, Robert Fount dissertation in Education. The Pennsylvania State University, The Effects of Two Study Units on High School 1968. 94 pages. StuderitsAttitudes Toward Negroes. Ph.D. dissertation. University 'Of-Oklahoma, 1969. Keller, R.A.; Wigdor, B.T.; and Lundell, F.W. "Adjustment of welfare recipients and applicants: in- Holstege, I Ienry, vestigation of sonic relevant factors." Canadian Psy.2hiatric Conflict and Change' leNegro -WhiteRelations in Great Association Journal, Vol. 18, December, 1973, pp. 511-17. Falls. Ph.D. dissertation. Miclugailinversity. 1966. Hunt. Barbara Brunner Kiesler, Charles A.; Collins, Barry E.; and Miller, Norman Some Effects of Peer Tutoring on SelkEsteem and A ttitude Change: A Critical Analysis of Theoretical Racial Attitude. Ph.D. dissertation. University OI----Qregon, Approaches. New York, Wiley, 1969. xii, 386 p. 1970. 186 pages. Bibliography. Hunt, David E and I lardt, Robert II. kinnick, Bernard Conrad "The effe,..t of upward bound programs un the atti- -An jxperimental Study and Analysis of Attitudinal

132 126 i C. Changing Attitude.

Change toward Negroes and Sellout Desegregation among Lffects uf Inter-Racial Social Acceptance. Cambridge, Mass., Participants in a Summer Institute Sponsored under the Civil Harvard University, 1971. 220 p. Rights Act of 1964. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Auburn, Ala., Auburn University, 1966. 230 pages. Lewis, William C. Why People Change: The Psychology of Influence. New Kinnick, B.C., and Plattor, S.D. York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972. 241 p. "Attitudinal change toward Negroesancischool desegregation among participants in a summer trdining institute." Lish, Gordon Journal of Sottal Psp.holog), Vol. 73, No. 2, 1967, pp. The Why Work Series. Instructor's Manual. Palo Alto, 271-83. Cal., Behavioral Research Laboratories, 1966. 163 leaves. This manual, one of a set, is designed to show how the Kieg, Milton creative arts, specifically short story writing, can be used to Rae; Caste and Prejudice. The Influence uf Change in change attitudes, this study works tu change the attitudes of Knowledge un ChangeinAttitude. Ph.D. dissertationin Jub Corpsmen toward work. "The task, then, is to inspire in Education. University uf Georgia, 1970. 594 pages. the Corpsman asetof attitudes suet that he will be motivated to complete his Job Corps training satisfactorily, Landrum, John William and, thereafter, to seek appropriate work aggressively." (p. 9) The Effects of the Los Angeles County Neighborhood The instruction euurse includes eleven recorded tapes fur oral Youth Corps Program un the Performance of Enrollees in presentation, and an instructor's guide with questions on School. Ph.D. dissertation, University uf Southern California, each selection and several techniques tu spark the interest uf 1967. 234 pages. students. Some of the writers involved were Kay Boyle, Stanley Elkin, JamesT. Farrell, Herbert Gold, William Peden, Lane, Paul A., and Soares, Louise M. and Grace Paley: "Antidropoutprescription."RehabilitationRecord, Vol. 10, No. 3, May/June, 1969, pp. 13-16. Litcher, LH., and Johnson, D.W. "ChangesinattitudestowardNegroesofwhite Larson, R.G. elementary school students after use of multiethnic readers." "Reactions to suelal pressure." IL.opitals, Vol. 46, April Journal of Edto.ateunal Ps.pthology, Vol. 60, No. 2, 1969, pp.. 1, 1972, pp. 181 -86. 148-52.

Laughery, Wayne W., and Kittleson; Howard M. Litcher, John Hannibal "A eumpanson of inner -city attitude changes related to Change in AttitudesTowardBlacksbyWhite fuui different learning experiences." Urban Eduahon, Vol. Llementary Sellout Children After Use of Multiethnic Cur- 7, No. 4, January, 1973, pp. 357-70. ricular Materials. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Minnesota, 1970. 158 pages. Lazar, Irving "Which citizens to participatein what?" In Citizen Livingston, Samuel A. Participation. A Case Book in Deniueraey, Ldgar S. Cahn and Simulation Gaines and Attitude Change. Attitudes Barry A. Passett, editors. Trenton, N.J., New Jersey Cum Toward the Poor. Baltimore, Md., Johns Hopkins University, munity Aaiun Training Institute, May, 1969. pp. 278-304. Center for the Study of Suelal Organization of Schools, April, 1970. 14 p. Leila, Ivor "The changing attitude to mixed marriages." Flamingo Madden, Lowell Edward London). October. 1961, No. 2, p. 36. Impact of Information about Negroes on Attitude Change. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Muncie, Ind., Ball Lerner, Barbara State University, 1970. 157 pages. Therapy in the Ghetto: Political Impotence and Per- sonal Disintegration. Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Univer- Malec, Michael editor sity Press, 1972. xvi, 222 p. AttitudeChange. Chic:igo,MarkhamPublishing Company, Readings in Social Psychology Series, 1971. xiv, Leshner, Saul S. 158 p. "Educational and vocational rehabilitation of disad- Bibliography. vantaged handicapped youth." In Research Utilization Con- ference on Rehabilitation in Poverty Settings, Reuben J. Manpower Utilization Commission. Margolin and George J. Goldin, editors. Boston, Northeastern A Study of the Effects of Pre - Vocational Training and University, May, 1969. pp. 107-17. Family Service Counseling on the Long-Term Unemployed. Philadelphia, Pa., City of Philadelphia, Manpower Utiliza- Levens, Helene tion Commission, U.S. Dept. of Labor, Contract No. 14-64. "Organizational affiliation and powerlessness: a case March, 1969. study of the welfare poor." Social Problems. Vol. 16, No. 1, Summer, 1968, pp. 18-32. Marek, Rosanne J. The Effects of Two Strategies of Teaching Social Lewis, Ralph G. Studies on Fourth Grade Pupils' Scholastic Achievement, The Relationship ot C lassiuuin Composition tu Racial Attitudes, and Self-Cunt.epts. Ph.D. dissertation. Kent StudentAcademic AchievementandtheConditioning State University, 1972. 133 pages. 1 133 C. Changing Attitudes/ 127

Marshall, Dale Rogers having the largest proportions of long -term unemployment The Politics of Participation in Poicro. Beikeley, Cal., are professional and managerial workers and craftsmen and University of California Press, 1971. 210 p. foremen," Bibliography. Nichols, William J. Mezz, Sheila Mayers A Study of the Effects of Tutoring on the Self Concept, Effeets of a "Black Cultural Positives" Program on the Reading Achievement, and Selected Attitudes of Culturally Sell- Concepts and Attitudes tit Black Junior High Students. Disadvantaged Children. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Ball Ph.D. dissertation. Tempe, Ariz., Arizona State University, State University, 1968. 170 pages. 1971. 210 pages. Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development. Miller, James 0. Low Income Groups and Methods of Dealing with Their Din usionofIntervention Effects inDisadvantaged Problems. Washington, D.C., OECD Publications Center, Fanuhes. Urbana, Ill., ERIC Clearinghouse on Early Child- 1969. 295 p. hood Education, College of Education, University of Illinois, 1968. 25 p. Orr, John B., and Niche:son, F. Patrick The Radical Suburb: Soundings in changing Amerkan Mmuclun, Salvador Character. Philadelphia, Westminster Press, 1970. xix, 201 p. "The plight of the poverty-stricken family in the United Bibliography. pp. 199-201. States." Child Welfare, Vol. 49, No. 3, March, 1970, pp. 124-30. Paige, Jeffrey M. "Changingpatternsof anti-whiteattitudes among Mitchell, Lonnie E., and Terrell, David L. blacks." In Black Political Attitudes. Implications for Politi- Trained Problem Youth as Treatment Agents in a cal Support. Chicago, Markham Publishing Co., 1972. pp. Mental Health Program for Children and Youth. Presented at 97-114. the WesternPsychological Association Annual Meeting, March 30, 1968. Available from the author at the College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 12 p. Paschal, Billy J., and Williams, Richard 11. "Some effects of participation in a summer Upward Mitchell, Robert Edward Bound Program on the self concept and attitude of tit "Class-linkedconflictbetween two dimensions of disadvantaged adolescent." Journal of Negro Education, Vol. liberalism-conservatism." Social Problcms, Spring, 1966, pp. 39, No. 1, Winter, 19'10, pp. 34-43. 418.27. Tables. Payne, Robert Glen The author cites Eisenhower and Stevenson in his The Effects of Teaching the Concept Lesson, "The discussion of whether a person who is financially rich and Underground Railroadin Michigan," to Black and White conservative may be liberal in other .4.3}' S. Fourth Grade Students. Ph.D. dissertation. Ann Arbor, Mich., The University of Michigan, 1970. 256 pages. Moore, Douglas Cameron A Study in the Influence of the Film, The Birth of a Perry, Ilelen Swick Nation, on the Attitudes of Selected High School White The human B -Iti. New York, Basic Books, Inc., 1970. StudentstowardNegroes.Ph.D.dissertation.Urbana- 244 p. Champaign, Ill., University of Illinois, 1971. 140 pages. A middle-aged woman spent nearly a year mingling with theinhabitants oftheIlaight-Ashburydistrictin San he National Federation of Settlements and Nzighburhuud Francisco, thus altering her perspective immensely on Third Centers. World concerns. .Veighborhood Gangs:I case Book for Youth Workers. New York, 1967. 55 p. Peterson, Gertrude D. - An Evaluation of the Concept of Trainee Camps for Nelson, William C. Unemployed Youth. Menlo Park, Cal., Stanford Research "The storefront school: a vehicle for change." Journal Institute, June, 1965. 101 p. of .Vegro Mutation, Vol. 40, No, 3, Summer, 1971, pp. 248-54. Pettigrew, Thomas F. "Complexity and change in American racial patterns: a Newman. Dorothy K. social psychological view." In The Negro American, Tahcott "('hanging attitudes about the poor." Slonthly Labor Parsons and Kenneth B. Clark, editors. Boston, Beacon Press, Partof aseries: Reriett,February,1969, pp.32-36. 1965. pp. 325-59, Perspectives on Poverty, No. I. Bibliography: pp. 353-59. Ms. Newman discusses how attitudes about the poor are "Changing Racial Attitudes:" pp. 342-43. changing in spite of the methods used to sustain the poor, "Our so-called welfare state spends more, and more wfillngly, on the nonpoor than on the poor." She discusses how some Photiadis, John of the pour tinahy succeed in escaping their poverty, tracing Change in the Rural Southern Appalachian Community. the relationship of poverty to unemployment. In addition, Morgantown, W.Va., Office of Research and Development, she points out that,The groups among the unemployed Appalachian Center, West Virginia University, 1968. 13 p. 134 12x , C. Changing Attitudes

Pinderhughes. C.A. Rhinehart, Charles P., Jr. "Understanding bla,.1. power. proce Ls and proposals." Effecting Attitude Change Through ,Music Presented by lintro,ari Liana! of Pkihiairi.Vol, 125,969, pp. 106-11. Integrative Black Studies Approach. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. University of Ilouston, 1972. 267 pages. Polgar, Steven, and Guttmacher, Alan F. "A new chapter in family planning."Columbia Univer- Richardson, Duane Oliver sity Forkm,Fall, 1965, pp. 34-37. Use of Small Group Confrontation for Changing Atti- tudes between Ethnic Groups in a Senior High School. Ph.D. PoWers, Mary G., and Shattuck, Gerald M. dissertationinEducation. Washington State University, The Job Supervisor's Role in Neighborhood Youth 1969. Corps Programs for Out of SchNol Youth in New York City. New York, Fordhain University, Institute for Social Re- Rickman, Geraldine search, June, 1970. 56+ p. Educational Motivation of the Poor Through Group Counseling. Presented at the Western Psychological Associa- Powers. Ramon S. tion Convention, San Diego State College, March, 1968. 5 p. Wealth and Poverty: Economic Base, Social Structure, and Attitudes in Prerevolutionary Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Riessman, Frank, and Miller, S.M. and Delaware. l'h.D. dissertation. University of Kansas, 1971. "Social change versus the 'psyi.hiatiii, world view':The 194 pages. American Journal of Orthopsychiatrr,Vol.34, No.I, January, 1964, pp. 29-38. Powledge, Fred To Change a child. A Report on the Institute for Riessman, Frank, and Scribner, Sylvia DetClopmental Stu,Lcs.Chu.ago, Quadrangle Books, ;967. "The under-utilization of mental wealth services by 110 p. workers and low-incoine groups: causes and cures."The American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol.121, No. 8, February, Pruger, Robert, and Speeht, Ilarry 1965. pp. 798-801. "Establishingnew careers programs.organizational barriers andstrategies."Social Work,Vol.13,No. 4, Robinson, William Oliver October, 1968, pp. 21-32. An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Short-Term Workshop for Vocational Teachers of the Disadvantaged to Pyron, Bernard Produce Persistent Change in Attitudes. Ph.D, dissertation in The Perceptions of the Poor by the Non-poor. -Proposal Education. Fayetteville, University of Arkansas, 1971. 90 submitted to the Associate Manpower Administrator, Man- pages. power Administration, U.S. Dept. of Labor, for a grant in support of a research project under the provisions of Title I Rodman, I lynia n of the Manpower Development and Training Act, Publii, Law "The lower class value stretch," In Poverty in America, ri7-415, as amended. transmittal form initiated December Louis A. Ferman, Joyce Kornbluli, and Alan Haber, editors. 'Ws, Madison, Wis., The University of Wisconsin, Urban and Ann Arbor, Mich., The University of ,Michigan Press, 1968 Regional Planning Dept.. 1968. 25 leaves. pp. 270-84. Although the research design was not funded, the proposal is quoted extensively on pages 82-83 of Chapter 3, Rokeach, Milton "The Culture of Povert.y. What Does it Matter?" by Ilylan Beliefs. Attitudes, and Values. A Thcorsi of Orgam:a Lewis, in the book,The Pour. A Culture of Porerty, or a non and Change.San Francisco, Jossey-Bass. 1968. xvi, 214 Povcrtt of Culture'J. Alan Winter, editor. (Grand Rapids, p. Mich., Witham B. Eerdmans, Publisher, 1971.) Bibliography: pp. 199-207. The Possibility of changing attitudes of the non-poor to the poor, which tend to be negative, was one of the goals of Rokeach, Milton the proposed experiment, which would have used 2240 The Open and Closed Mind. hitt:sugar:4ms into the individuals from Madison. Wisconsin. The technique involved Nature of Belief Systems and Perdonaht1 Systems.New exposing half of the subjects to life histories of the poor York Basic Books, 1960. xv, 447 p. which would presumably give them more sympathy. "This Bibliography: pp. 421-32. study will test the hypothesis that those of the non-poor who hold strongly to exchange justice will initially feel that lack Rosenberg, Marvin Leonard of ytturt and negative personalityi..a1aracteristii.s are the An Experiment to Change Attitudes of Powerlessness ...,11.4y. of ..,,untaini deprivation significantly more. than those among Low-Income Negro Youth. Cleveland, Ohio, Si.houi who hold more to the value of responsibility." tp. 41 ofApplied Social Siaou.es, Case Western Rt.:A-rue University, June, 1968. 156 p. Quay nor, Thomas A ddo The Politicizationof Negritird45.Ph.D. dissertation. Ryan, Charles W. St.uthern Illinois University, 1966. 251 pages. "CounselingtheculturallyencapsulatedAmerican Indian." (rotationalGuidance Quarterly, Vol.[8, No. 2, Rein, Martin, and Miller, S.M. December, 1969, pp. 123-26. "The demonstration project as a strategy of change."In Organizing for Community Welfare, Mayer N. Zald, editor. Sacks, Joel G. Chicago, Quadrangle Books. 1967. pp. 160-91. A Study of the Information and Atatide Changes A35 C. Changing Attitudes / 129

Brought about by One Social 1Vork Research Curriculum. S.aples,,Robert Eugene New York, Columbia University, 1970 200 p. AStudy of the. Influence of LiberalConservativ.: Attitudes on the Premarital Sexual Standards of Dili aeni Sales. Stephen M. Racial, Sex-Role, and Social Class Groupings. Ph.D. disserta "Economic threat as a determinant of conversion rates Lion. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota, 1971, 101 pages. in authoritarian and nonauthoritarian churches."Journal of Persmialit and Social Psychology,Vol. 23, No. 3, Septem- Stember, Charles Ilerbert ber. 1972, pp. 420-28. Education and Attitude Change; Ve. Effect of School- ing on Prejudice Against :IhnoritGroups. NewYork, Schafer, Stephen A, Institute of Human Relations Pre3s, 1961. xvii, 182 p. An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Green Circle Tables. Programin Stimulating and Reinforcing PositiveRacial AttitudesinChildren. PhD. dissertationinEducation. Stringha in, Sheila Day Lehigh University, 1971.,I09 pages. A Study of Public Assistance Recipients and Noa-Publie Assistance Recipients Who Participated in Parent Discussion Schwartz, William Groups. Ph.D. dissertation. Columbia University, 1970. 623 "Private troubles and public issues: one social work job pages. or two?"InSocial Welfare Forum, 1969, Proceedings of the 96th Annual Forum, National Conference on Social Welfare, Sweet, J. Stouder New York, May 25-29, 1969. New York, Columbia Univer- Poverty in the U.S A. New York, Public Affairs Pam- sity l'ress, 1969 pp. 22-43. phlets, 1967. No. 398. 28 p.

Senterfitt, Walt Sweigert, R.L., Jr. "The question and an answer." The .linernirn Strident. "Cominumeation and contrast. a case of changing social Vol. 1, Summer, 19'35, pp. 14-17. perception by indirection."Journal of Psyahology,Vol. 66, No. 1, 1967, pp. 129-41. Shannon, Barbara E. "Implications of white racism for social work practice." Swick, James Nelson Social Casework,Vol. 51, No. 5, May, 1970, pp. 270-76. SocionietricChangesBetween Low and Non-Low Socio-Economic Status Children inthe Fifth and Sixth Sheppard, Harold L. Grades Produced by Controlled Cooperative Experiences. Life..ts of Family Planning on Poverty in the United Ph.D. dissertation. Carbondale, Ill., Southern lihnois Univer- States. Kola:Immo, Mich., The W.E. Upjohn Institute for sity, 1968. 134 pages. inployment Research, October, 1967. 27.p. Symposium on Attitudes, Conflict, and Social Change, Shiver, Wayman Bembry, Jr. University of Maryland, 1970.' The Lffeetiveness of Two Forms of an Lxperimental Attitudes,Conflict, and Social Change.Bert T. King and 1 eachingUnit inReducing Black Ninth and Lleventh Llliot McGinnies, editors. New York, Academic Press, 1972. Graders' Negative Interracial Attitudes Toward White People. xii, 234 p. Ph.D. dissertation. The University of Oklahoma. 1970. 173 pages Taylor, William L. Hanging Together: Equality in an Urban Nation.New Simpson, Ansel ['atilt°, Sr. York, Simon and Schuster, 1971. 348 p. Attitude Change, Social Status, and Minority Group Bibliography: pp. 323-30. Membership A Study in Lxpcimental Sociology. Ph.D. Taylor draws a clear picture of the tremendous struggle dissertation University of Missouri, 1966. 136 pages. tut dignity which minority group members have undergone. The bodk isrelevant,informative,clearly written, and Sims, Dennis Constance Joseph certainly succeeds as a "consciousness raiser." Self-Image and Social ("Mine: Towards an Integrated Theory of Cybernetic Behavior. Ph.D. dissertation. Stanford Thiede, ILA., et al. University, 1970. 268 pages. "Integration of medical and social responsibilities in teachingobstetrics-gynecology."AmericanJournalof Sinclair, Ward Obstetrical Gynecology,Vol.113, May15,1972,pp. "Despair turns to cautious hope."Sbnintain Life and 188-94. Work,Vol. 45, No. 4. April, 1969. pp. 3-7. Tomlinson, Thomas M. Smith, Merle Edward White Racism and the Common War: An Extension of The Llfeets of an Experimental Program to Improve theKerner Commission's Report on American Racism. Self Concept, Attitudes Toward School and Achievement of Washington, D.C., U.S. Office of Leonomic Opportunity, Negro Fourth.iifth and Sixth Grade Students. Ph.D. 1971. dissertation. The University of Michigan, 1970. 125 pages. The author suggests that the racist nature or our society is not just a collective problem, but an individual onus for Spilerman, Seymour, and Elesh, David which everyone is responsible. "Alternative conceptions of poverty and their implication; f,r income maintenance."Social Problems,Vol. 18, Torrance, E. Paul, and Strom, Robert D. Winter, 1971, pp. 358-73. Mental Health and Achievement: Increasing Potential 136 I3(C. Changing Attitude, and Reducing School Dropout. New York, Juhn Wiley and Sell - Concept of Negro Fourth Grade Children. Ph.D. disserta- Sons, Inc., 1965. 417 p. tion in Education. The University of Tennessee, 1971. 104 pages. Triandis, Harry C. .4.taude and 4. tilde Change. New York, Wiley, 1971. Wagner, Richard V., and Sherwood, John J., editors 232 p. The Study of 4ttitude Change. Belmont, Cal., Brooks/ Cole Publishing Company, 1969. vii, 213 p: Trooboff, Benjamin M. Bibliography, illustrations. Employment Experienceafter MDTA Training: A Study of the Relationship Between Selected Trainee Charac- Walton, Richard E. tenstis and Post-Training Experience. Available from the "Two strategies of social L,hangt., and that dilemmas." author at the School of Business Administration, Georgia Journal of Applied Behukioral Science, Vol. I, Nu. 2, 1965, State College, Atlanta, Ga., July, 1968. 207 p. pp. 167-79. Walton links attitude change with methods of gaining

Trubowitz, Julius 4 power and solving problems, stating that if society's attitudes Clianvng the Racial Attitudes of Children. The Effects are to change, then the power processes of suoLty must of an Activity Group Program in New York City Schools. equalize. New York, Praeger, Praeger Special Studies in U.S. Economic and Social Development, 1969. 228 p. West, Gerald Ivan Bibliography. An Analysis of Change in Negro Students' Occupational PerceptionsasaResultof- Multiple Tediments. Ph.D. Tucker, Don3ld Eugene dissertation. Purdue University, 1967. The Effect of Counselor Experie.:ce, Ethnic, and Sex Variables upon the Development of an Interpersonal, Rela- White, Louise Ridgle tionship in Counseling. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. The Desegregation-Integration. A Process. A Study of De- University uf New Mexico, 1969. 99 pages. segregation in California Public Schools, 1965-1968. Ph.D. dissertation. ClareMont Graduate( School, 1972. 242 pages. Tweeten, Luther G. The Role of Education in Alleviating Rural Poverty. Wieder, Gerald Stanley Washington, D.C., Economic Research Service, U.S. Depart- A Comparative Study of the Relative Effectiveness of ment of Agriculture, Agricultural Economic Report No. 114, Two Methods of Teaching a Thirty Hour Course in Psy- June, 1967.56 Pr-- - , chologyinModifying Attitudes Associated with Racial \ Religious and Ethnic Prejudice. Ph.D. dissertation. New York U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. University, 1951. Racism in America and How to Combat It. Washington, D.C.,U.S. Government Printing Office, Clearing Ilouse Williams, Donald .Raymond Publication, Urban Series No. I, January, 1970.43 p. Turning-Point Experiences and Later Improved Ciindi- tions of Living. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. The UM\ L,1- shy of Florida, 1969. 47 pages. Vatter, 11.G. and Will, R.E. "March of technology calls for a new philosophy of Williams, J.E., and Edwards, C.D. .poverty." Contemporary Review, Vol. 213, October, 1968, "An exploratory study of the modification of color and 571-69-77. racial concept attitudes in preschool children." Child Devel- opment, Vol. 40, 1969, pp. 737-50. . Veroff, JoseA-,sand Peel; Stanton "Initial effectsoftlesegleiation on the achievement Wirtz, V'illard W. motivation of Negro elementary school children." Journal of Statement of Willard W. Wirtz. Hearings of Adequacy of Social Issues, Vol. 25, No. 3, Suiier, 1969, pp. 71-91. Services for Older Workers before the Subcommittee on Employment and Retirement Income and the Subcommittee von EloffmanrNicholas on Federal, State and Community Services of the Elderly of "Reorganization in the Casbah." Social Progress, April, the Special Committee on Aging, U.S. Senate, Ninetieth 1962, pp. 33-44. , Congress, Second Session, PartI, July 24-29, Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968. pp. 12-29. Vroom, Victor H. Work and Motivation. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Yeatts, Pearline Peters 1964. ix, 331 p An Analysis of Development Clizini5cs to the Self-Report On page 16 is a review of experiments on students' of Negro and White Children, Grades 3-12. Ph.D. dissertation attitudes toward segregation and synthetic change. Chapter 3 in Education. University of Florida, 1967. 126 pages. Includes a-discussion of the reasons people work, including Ymger, J. Milton loss of status because of unemployment such as during the A Minority- Group in American Society. New York, Depression. McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1965. 143 pages.

Wagener, Ruth Elaine Hoffman Zeller, Frederick, and Miller, Robert W. An Experimental Study of the Effects of a Program of Problems of Community Aaiun in Appalachia. Morgan- Oral Reading of Children's Literature About Negroes on the town, W.Va., Office of Resca-LI and DL,velupnicnt, Reseal-Lit

137 C. Changing Attitudes / 131

Serigs No. 4, Appalachian Center, West Virginia University, Mayk 1968. 20 p. ""wor

Zelu, Carolyn R., and Humphrey, Craig R. "The inteeration of black residents in suburban neighborhoods:a reexamination of the contact hypothesis." Social Problems, Vol. 18, No. 4, Spring, 1971. pp. 462-74.

Zenor, Dean

Emerging Problems in Housing and Urban Re 13- ment: Papers from the First Annual Conference o a flusing and Redevelopment Associatio,n. Iowaty, Ia., Institute of Public Affairs, The University of Iowa, August, 1965.49 p.

Zimbardo, Philip, and Ebbesen, Ebbp B. Influencing' Attitudes and CluNging Behavior: A Basic Introduction to Relevant Methodology, Theory, and Applica- tions. Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1969. ix, 148 p. The section "Prejudice: Here to Stay?" on pages 101-8, includes an intriguing interview done in 1954 with a longtime Bronx resident. The woman and her daughter vimt their feelings of hostility and resentment about Puerto Ricans. A young man acting as a catalyst tries to change the mother's opinions by pointing out that her generalizations are inac- curate. He thus brings herto a state of awareness.

Zimmer, Basil G.. and Hawley, Amos II. "Community involvement and resistance to change." In Metropolitan Area Schools: Resistance to District Reorgani- zation. BeverlyHills, Sage Publications, Inc.,1968: pp. 219-53.

Zucaro, Blase John The Use of Bibliotherapy Among Sixth Graders to Affect Attitude Change toward American Negroes. Ph.D. dissertationin Education. Temple. University,1972.134 pages.

Zurcher, Louis A. "Functional marginality: dynamics of a poverty inter- ventionorganization."SouthwesternSocialScience Quarte4y, Voi. 48, No. 3. December, ;967, pp. 411-21.

Zurcher, Louis A., Jr. Social-Psychological Changes among 0E0 indigertous Leaders as a Result of "Maximum Feasible Participation." Presented to the Society for the Study of Social Problems, American Sociological Association Meetings, Boston, Mass., August 25, 1968. Austin, Tex., available from the author at the University of Texas, Department of Sociology. 14 p.

138 D. Related Citations

..x

1.39 133 D. Related Citations

Agar, Michael H. Bigganc, J.F., and Stewart, Paul A. Rapping and Running. A ethnography of Urban "Job enlargement. a case study." The. Personnel Adman Heroin Addicts, New York, Seminar press, May, 1973. about istrator, Vol. 10, No. 3, May/June, 1965, pp. 22-32. 175 p. Blalock, H.M., Jr. Allswang, John Myers "Minority percentage and discrimination." In Toward a The Political Behavior of Chicago's Ethnic Groups, Theory of Minority Group Relations. New York, John Wiley 1918-1932. Ph.D. dissertation.University of Pittsburgh, and Sons, Inc., 1967. pp. 143-89. 1967.

"Appalachia held often discovered: historians also get insight Block, J.R., and Yukcr, H.E. on the Black family." Correlates of an Intellectual Orientation Among College New York Tunes, February 10, 1971, p. C 17. Students. Proceedings of the 73rd Annual Convention of the At a meeting of the American Historical Association, AmericanPsychologicalAssociation,1965. Washington, Dr. David F. Musto and Dr. James P. corner (of the Yale D.C., The American Psychological Association, 1965. pp. Medical School) discussed the feelings which Americans have 315-16. held about Appalachians in the past and the adaptations generations of blacks have had to undergo in order to survive. Blumenthal, Monica C. "Resentment and Suspicion among American Men." Austin, David M. American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 130, No. 8, August, "The many fares of poverty as we see thema summary 1973, pp. 876-80. of the conference deliberations." In The Many Faces of Poverty, proceedings of the 54th Annual Conference of the Texas Social Welfare Association, November 15-18, 1964, Bogle, Donald Austin, Tex., pp. 51-62. Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Alammies, and Bucks: An Interpretive History of Blacks in American Films. New York, Bagdikiaz, Ben H. Viking, 1973. 260 p. "How strong is the hate vote?" Saturday Evening Post, Illustrations. October 17, 1964, p. 19. Bradburn, Norman M. Batten, Barton, Durstine. Osborn, Research Depart "Selecting the questions to be asked insi .vet's." men t. Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 93, No. 1, January, IS 70, pp., People's Attitudes Toward Age: A Brief Look at 27-29: Changes Between 1965 and 1970. New York, Batten, Barton, Durstine, and Osborn, Inc. (Advertising agency], March, Byrne, D. 1971.20 leaves. "Attitudes and attraction." In Advanc'QS in Experi- Tables. mental Social Psychology, Vol. 4, Leonard Berkowitz, editor. New York, Academic Press, 1970. pp. 35-89. Baxter, Albert Sidney Status and Characteristics of Displaced Negro Teachers Cain, Glen G. in Arkansas, 1954-1968. Ph.D. dissertation in Edu,ation. A Review of S000eonomi,. Bakgroundhieve- University of Arkansas, 1970. 135 pages. ment by Otis Dudley Duncan, David L. Featherman, and ' Beverly Duncan. Madison, Wis., The University of Wisconsin, Becker, Tamar Institutefor Research on Poverty, Discussion Paper No. "Black Americans and Black Americans on an American 188-73, 1973. 23 leaves. campus. the African Sociology and Social Rcsearch, This excellent L.ntique and analysis ..uuld serve as an Vol. 57, Nu. 2January, 1973, pp. 168-81. abstract to this milestone in contemporary scholarly writing.

140 135 136 , D. Related Citatum.

Cain, Glen G., and Watts, Harold W., editors Dugas, Edmond A, hiconie Maintenance and Labor Suppl. Lconometric The Influence of Observer. .,f the Same. Race and a St Halle-4. Chicago,RandMcNally College Publishing Racially Mixed Audience on L wel of Aspiration and Gross Company, Markham, 1973. 373 p. Motor Performance of College Males. Ph.D. dissertation in Tables, bibliography: Education. Baton Rouge, La., The Louisiana State University The seven studies ,.untamed in this book 4.xamine the and Agricultural and Mechanical College, 1970. 95 pages. effects of income-maintenance plans on labor force behavior. The studies are concerned with the classical econometric Erikson, Kai T. problems of establishingthe direction of causation and Way tsar,/ Puritans. New York, John Wiley and Suns, measuring causal relations by means of nonexperimental 1966. xv, 228 p. data. They also try to answer theAuestion of what effects on Bibliography. afamily's labor supply would result when an income- maintenance program is available to those families eligible for Feather, NJ. it.This bookfacilitatesthedesign, analyses, andthe "Effects of institutional affiliation and attitude dis- interpretation of studies that use nuncxperimental and, from crepancy on evaluation of cuminunivatiuns and interpersonal the new methodology of controlled experiments. experi- attraction." Iluniati Rclatiuns, Vol. 20, No. 2,1967, pp. mental data as well. 101-20. Tables, diagrams, bibliographic references. Cartwright, Dorwin, and Zander, Alvin Group Dynamics. New York, Harper and Row, 1960. Flaim, Paul 0. Second edition. "Discouraged workers and changes in unemployment." Monthly Labor Review, March, 1973, pp. 8-16. Cha, .Mien Jai Tables, charts. A Study of Process and Content of Public Policy in American Stares. With Reference to the Medicaid Program. Forest, Laverne Bruce Ph.D. dissertation. Los Angeles, Cal., University of Southern Commitments of Leaders as Predictors of Attitudes California, 1970. 250 pages. Toward New Social Issues in a Rural Community Social System. Ph.D. dissertationThe University of Wisconsin, Cohen, Henry 1970 224 pages. "Poverty andrwelfarc: a review essay." Political Science Quarterly. Vol. 87, December, 1972, pp 631-52. Friedenberg, Edgar S., editor The Anti-American Generation. New York, Transaction Coll. Blanche D. Books, 1971. 277 p. Perspectives in Public Welfare: A (list e Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Ilealth, Educatio, andWelfare, Gans, Ilerbert J. Social and Rehabilitation Service. Washingtcr, D.C., U.S. "The potential environment and the effective environ- Government Printing Office, 1969. 107 p. ment." In People and Plans Essays on Urban Problems and Solutions. New York, Basic Books, Inc., 1968. pp. 4-11. Columbia Journal of Lain and Social Problems. "Public housing and integration: a negleck.oppor- Gibson, F.K., and James, G.A. tunity." Columbia Journal of Law and Social Probletkr, Vol. "Student attitudes toward government employees and 6, No. 2, May, 1970, pp. 253-79. employment." Public Administration Review,Vol.27, December, 1967, pp. 429-35. Crowell. Lester James, Jr. Su, al Distance and Associated Socio-Political Attitudes of Syracuse University Students and Alumni over a Forty- Glasser, Paul II., and Glasser, Lois N., editors Four Year Period. Ph.D. dissertation. Syracuse University, Patti:hes in Crisis. New York, Ilarper and Row, 1970. ;972. 436 pages. 405 p.

Dentler, Robert A.; Mockler. Bernard; and Warshauer, Mary Glazer, Nathan Ellen, editors "Ethnic groups and education: towards the tolerance of The Urban R's. New York, Frederick l'raeger, 1967. difference." Journal 4 Negro Education, Vol. 38, No. 3, Summer, 1969, pp. 187-95. Draper. Jean E.. Lundgren, Earl F.; and Strother., George B. Work Attitudes and Retirement Adjustment. Madison, Goldthorpe, John Fl., et al. Wis , Universityof Wist..onsin. GraduateSt..houl ut The Affluent Worker. Political Attitudcs and Behimor. Busint,s, Bureau 01 Butiness Research and Stsvit..t April, Cambridge, England, Cambridge University Press,ambridge 1967.91 p. Studies in Sociology 2, 1968. vii, 95 p. Tables. Grant, Daniel R. Dunkelberger. John E. "Political access under metropolitan government: a 'Attitudes ofrural residents inward tilariging jobs." wmparative study of perceptions by knowledgeables." In Highlights of Agricultural R.,:artli. Vol. 10, Nu. 3, Fall, ComparativeUrbanResearch. The Administrationand 1963. Auburn, Ala., Alabama Agrkultural Experiment Sta- Politics of Cities, Robert 1. Daland, editor. Beverley tion. Cal Sage Publications, Inc., 1969. pp. 249-71.

141 D. Related Citations / 137

Greeley, Andrew M. Iluman Interaction Research Institute. "Pohtical attitudes draw's American White ethnics." An Evaluation Follow-Up Study of the Job Oppor- Public Opinion Quarterly, col. 3t, Nu. 2, Summei, 197'2, pp. tunity Center Experunental and Demonstration Project for 213-20. the Communities of Denver and Pueblo, Colorado, Final Report. Los Angeles, Iluman Interaction Research Institute, Greenberg, Stanley B. September, 1967. 116 p. Politics and Poverty: Modernization and Response in Five Poor Neighborhoods. New York, Wiley, Wiley Series in Jackman, Mary R. Urban Research, 1974. xvii, 282 p. "Socialmobility and attitude toward thepolitical Tables, charts. system." Social Forces, Vol. 50, June, 1972, pp. 462-72.

Groat, George Gorham Jackson, Elton F., and Curtis, Richard F. American Courts in Labor Cuse.s, A Study in "Effects of vertical mobility and status inconsistency. a Sueial Legislation. Originally published as a dui-tufa{ disserta- body of negative evidence." American Sociological Re3ieit, tion in 1911, now republished by AMS Press, Inc., Columbia Vol. 37, December, 1972, pp. 701-13. University-Studies in the Social Sciences, New York. Bibliography. The authors studied the effect of vertical social mobility Gulliksen, Harold on the individual's attitudes and behaviors. Samples of male "Intercultural Studies of Attitudes." In Contributions heads of families from three centers of populationsmall, toMathematical Psychology, Norman rrederiksen and medium, dud largein Indiana and Arizona were taken in Harold Gulliksen, editors. New York, Huh, Rinehart and 1966 and 1967. "This paper analyzes the effects of two Winston, Inc., 1964. pp. 61-108. forms of mobility and six forms of inconsistency on a large Tables. number of dependent variables." (p. 701) The papers in this book originated at a conference which occurred in the Spring of 1962, in honor of Louis Johnson, Thomas Arthur Leon Thurstune. This article concerns a number of occupa- A Study of,Charactenstics of Fifth and Sixth Grade tional groups in various countries such a Belgium, Nuiway, StudentLeadersandFollowersinContrasting Sucao- theNetherlands,and Americans living inTexas. Their Economic Settings. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Okla- attitudes about work are among the topics covered. homa State University, 1969. 98 pages.

Gulliksen, Ilarold, and Dorothy P. Jones, Wyatt C. "Attitudes of different groups toward work aims, goals "Social and psychological factors in status decisions of andacti.ities."MultivariateBehaiwral Research Mono- unmarried mothers." Marriage and Family Vol. 24, graphs, MBR Monograph No. 72-73, published by the No. 3, August, 1962, 7 p. Society of Multivariate Experimental Psychology. Kadushiri, Charles Gurin, Gerald "Power, influence and socialcircles.a new meth- hater-Citi Negro Youth in a Job Training Project. A odologyforstudyingopinionmakers."American Study of Factors Related to Attrition and Job Suecess. Ann Sociological Reticw, Vol. 33, No. 5, October, 1968, pp. Arbor, Mich., Survey Research Center, Institute for Social 685-99. Research, The University of Michigan, December, 1968. 146 p. Katona, George The Mass Consumption Society. New York, McGraw - Ilarre Romano, ..ad Sedord, P.F. Ilill Book Company, 1964. 343 p. The Explanation of Social BehaviorTotowa, N.J., Litt leneld, Adams and Co., 1973. vii, 327 p. Katz, Arthur A Study of Conflict and Cooperation in the Relation- llarrington, Michael ship Between Organized Labor and Voluntary Social Welfare "Michael Harrington and the agency for social change." in America During the Years 1905-1955, Ph.D. dissertation. The Center Diary, No. 9, Center for the Study of Democratic New York University, 1968. 514 pages. Institutions, Santa Barbara. October, 1965, pp. 3-4. Haveman, Robert II., and Krutilla, John V Katz, I larvey Unemploj meta, Idle Capacity, and the Evaluationof "The cool hand of charity. a viewpoint." The Washing- PublicExpena,:ures.National and, Regional Analyses. ton Post, Potomac Section, December 24, 1972, pp. 4, 13. Baltimore, The Johns I lopkins Press, 1968. 159 p.

Hewitt, John Paul Kent, Donald P. SocialStratification and Social Productivity. Ph.D. Aging: Fact and Fancy. Keynote Address before the dissertation. Princeton University, 1966. 355 pages. National Conference of State Executives on Aging, U.S. Office of Aging. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing I loltzman, S.J. Office, May 3, 1965. 23 p. Relationships of Social Characteristics, Attitudes, and Political Behavior of Inner-City Community C)Ilege Stu- Kirtland, Grayson dents. Washington, D.C., U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, "Student unrest. kids volee reasons for their anger." and Welfare, Office of Education, 1971. South Today, Vol. 3, No. 6, January/February, 1972, p. 5.

142 I / D. Related Citations

Kloss, Robert M., and Howard, Perry IL edge. ' Ph}/on, Vol. 29, Summer, 1968; pp. 127-41. Social Stratification,Inequality, and the Notion' of "Poverty." Paper presented at the 31st Annual Meeting of Lindsley, Byron F. the Southern Sociological Sudety, April 11, 1968. Baton "The quality ut Irw enforcement." Cot! Righis Mgcst, Rouge,La.,Department of Sociology, Louisiana State Vol. 2, No. 2, Spring, 1969, pp. 39-47. University./ 12 p. Lockard, Duane Kuvlesky, William P., and Ohlendorf, George W. Toward Lqual Opportiout). A Stud) of Stan and Local A Bibliography of Literature on Status Projections of AntidiscriminationLaws. NewYork,TheMacmillan Youth I: Occupational Aspirations and Expectations, and Company, 1968. 150 p. Youth III:Residence, Income, and Family Orientations. College Station, Tex., Texas A & M University, Department London, 11.11. of Agricultural Economics and Sociology, Departmental How Fare MDTA Lx- Trainees? An Lighteen Months Information Reports Nu. 67 10 and 67-12, September, 1967. Follow-Up of Five Hundred Such Persons. Columbia, Nlo., 55 and 16 pages. December, 1967. 203 p.

Kuvlesky, William P., and Pelham, John Lowenthal, David, and Ric!, hlarquita Community of Rcsidence, Aspirations and Expectations "The nature of perceived and imagined env iruninents." of Rural Youth. Implications for Action. Presentedt the I,ni ironment and Delia' fur, June, 1972, pp. 189-207. Association of Southern Agricultural Workers. College Sta- tion, Tex., A & M University, 1967. 21 p. Mayeske, George W., et al. A Study of the Attitude Toward Life of Our Nation's Lambright, W. Henry Students. For U:S. Office of Education. Ilept. of Health, "Wuinanpower. the next step in nianpower policy." Education, and Welfare. Washmtun, D.C., U.S. Government Public Personnel &licit, Vol. 31, No. I, January, 1970, pp. Printing Office, 1973. xi, 92 p. Bibliography, tables, charts. 27-30. McCall, George J., et al. Lantier, Francoise Social Relationships. Chicago, Aldine Publishing Co., Social and Industrial Attitudes Controlling Women's ,1970. 193 p. AccesstoSkilledEmploymentandPromotion: The Influence of Technological Development. Strasbourg, France. McCoRiack, James J. CouncilofEurope,Social Committee,31stmeeting, Aged Consciousness andSocial Services among the February22,1971atStrasbou;,,,,France. New York, Elderly. Waltham, Mass., Brandeis University, The Florence Manhattan Publishing Company, 1971. 58 p. Heller Graduate School for Advanced Studies inSocial Welfare, 1972. 298 p. Lawton, M. Powell The Psyehological Status of the Elderly. Presented at McCoy, Donald R., and Ruetten, P.ichard T. the 21st Annual Conference on Aging, The University of Quest and Response: Minority Rights and the Truman Michigan, Ann Arbor, August 5,1968. Philadelphia, Pa., Administration. Lawrence, Kansas, The University of Kansas, available from the Philadelphia Geriatric Center. 13 p. 1973. ix, 427 p. Bibliography: pp. 401-13. Lee, Alfred, "Attitudinal multivalence inrelationto culture and personality." American Journal of Sociology. Vol. 60, No. 3, McNeil, Elton B. November, 1954, pp. 294-99. Ilunian Socialization. Belmont, Cal., Wadsworth Pub- lishing Company, 1961. 310 p. Leonard, Edward A. "Nonviolence and violence in American racial protests, Merrilield,Aleanor 1942-1967." Rock) Mountain So( la! Scicncc I0,7nal, Vol, 6, "Implications of the poverty program, the caseworker's No. I, April. 1969, pp. 255.68. view." The Social Service Review. Vol 39, No. 3, September, 1965, pp. 294-99. Levey, Leo, and Visotsky, Harold M. "The quality of urbanlife:an analysis from the perspective of mental health." In The Quality of Urban Life, Miller, Maurine R. "A pre-vocational training program for hard-core handi- Henry J. Schmandt and Warner Bloomberg, Jr.,editors capped." Community Mental Health Journal, Vol. 2, No. 2, Beverly Hills, Cal., Sage Publications, Inv. 1969. pp. 255-68. Summer, 1966, pp. 170-71. Levine, Lows, et al. The Potentialfor Human Resources and Economic Mitchell, Robert Edward Growth in a Declining Lual umniunity. A Suciu-Leunoinic "Some social implications of high density housing." Study of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania. Lconomy. University Amentan Vol. 36, February, 1971, pp. Park, Pa,. Pennsylvania State Unicersity. Institute for Re- 18.29. search on Human Resources, 1969. Vol. 2, 240 p. Bibliography. Although the setting of the researcher's study was (long Lieberman, L. Kong, there are analogies to the United States also. Attitudes "Debate over race, a study in the sociology of knowl- toward housing are taken up on pages 21 and 27.

143 D. Related Citations 1 139

Moore, Joan W., and Guzman, Ralph tions of class." Sociological Review, Vol. 19, No. 3, August, The new wind from the Southwest: the Mexican- 1971, pp. 409-19. Americans." The Nation, May 30, 1966, pp. 645-48. I Raab, Earl, and Selznick, Gettrude J. Morgan, James N., Sirageldin, Simail A., any Baerwaldt, Major Social Probknis, New York, Ilarper and Row, Nan ey 1964, Productive Americans: A Study of How Individuals Contribute- to Economic Progress. Ann Arbor, Mich., Insti- Rae, R. William tute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, 1966. Civil-Disorder-Indicator Studies, Some Aspects of.Riot Survey Research Center Monograph 43. 546 p. Susceptibility. McLean, Va., June, 1969. Available from the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Jechnical Informa- Mueller, B. Jean; and James, Bernard J. tion, Springfield, Va. 56 p. "Social work practice and community mental health." Community Mental Health Journal, Vol. 8, No, 3, August, Renzi, Mario A. 1972, pp. 178-88. Correlates of instrumental and ExpressiveVoluntary AssociationMembershipinaBlack Community. Ph.D. Mullenax, Foster G. dissertation. University of Notre Dame, 1971. 189 pages. Mass Media Use Patterns and Interests Among West Virginia Rural Non-Farm Families of Low Socio-Economic Roach, Jack L., editor Status. Morgantown, W.Va.. West Virginia University, 1968. Social Stratification in the United Statcs. Englewood 25 p. Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, July, 1969. 640 p.

Murphy, Raymond J., and Motris, Richard T. Rosenberg, George S, and A nspach, Donald F. "Occupational status, subjective class identification, and "Sibling solidarityin the working class." Journal of political affiliation!' Amer tun Sociological RCI,ILtt, Vol. 26, Marriage and the Family, February, 1973, pp. 108-16. June, 1961, pp. 38' -92. Roper, Elmo, et al. Murphy, Raymon J., and Watson, James M. A Study of the Problems, Attitudes, and Aspirations of Ghetto structure and riot support. the rule of Rural Youth. New York, Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Octo- white contact, social distance, and discrimination." In Racial ber, 1963. 175 p. Violence in the united States, Allen D. Grimshaw, editor. Chicago, Aldineublishing Company, 1969. pp. 235-52. Rosenthal, Carl F. PhasesofCivilDisturbances:Characteristics and Nelsen, hart M and Storey, Stuart E. Problems. Washington, D.C., Center for Research in Social "Personality adjustment of rural and urban youth. the Systems, fhe American University, June, 1969. 65 p. formationofaritraldisadvantagedsubculture." Rural Sociology, Vol. 34, No. I, March, 1969, pp. 43-55. Rytina, Joan FL, Form, William IL, and Pease, John "Incomestratificationideology:beliefs aboutthe Nicolau, George, and Cormick, Gerald W. American opportunitystructure." An:email Journal of "Community disputes and the resoluon of conflict. Sociology, Vol. 75, Nu. 4, January, 1970, pp. 703-16. another view." The Arbitration Journal,J 1972, pp. 98-.112. Sales, Stephen NI. "Economic threat as a determinant of conversion rates Norris, Harold in authoritarian and nonauthoritarian churches." Journal of "Official disobedience and civil disorder." Jour PersonalityandSocialPsychology,Vol.23,No.3, Urban Law, Vol. 46,No. 2, pp. 249-68. September, 1972, pp. 420-28.

Pettigrew, Thomas Schiller, Barry M. "Raciallyseparate or together?" Journal of Socials- "Racialconflict anddelinquency. a theoretical Issues, Vol. 25, No. I, 1969. approach." Phylon, Vol. 30, No. 3, Fall, 1969, pp. 261-71.

Pettiford, Patricia M. Schwyhart, WinstOn R., and Smith, Patricia Cain Narcotics Addicts un Public Assistance, New York City, Factors in the job involvement of middle managers." Human Resources Administration, Department of Services, Journal of Applied Psychology, June. 1972, pp. 227-33. October, 1973. Department of Services Studies'Series: Vol. I, No. 1. 33 p. Sirota, David Tables, facsimiles. "Why managers don't use attitude survey results." Personnel, January/February, 1970, Vol. 47, pp. 24-35. Piven, Frances Fox, andCloward, Richard A. Regulating the Poor. New York, Pantheon Books, 1971. Skrivanek, Kenneth V. The underlying sociopolitical structure of the public "Contemporary Ps) ariatrit. Quartcrli, Vol. 46, assistance system is seen against the historical development No. I, 1972, pp. 136-41. background. The author describes a number of different syndromes which psychiatric social workers and 'counselors working Platt, Jennifer withintheareaofsocialpsychopathology may find "Variations in answers to (Efferent questions cin percep- interesting,suchasrationalism,intellectualism, 144 140 " D. Related Citations

educationahsm, `, professionalism,pluralism,culturalism, Valentine, Charles A. scientific "objeetiVism," and, briefly, McCarthy ism. Culture and Polo's).Chicago, University of Chicago, 1968. 216 p. Smith, Aurel r:inerso., Jr. Social Status and Attitudes toward Deviant Behavior. Walsha, John Paul, Jr. Ph.D. dissertation. Atlanta, Cia.,1 okay l nnersity, 1971. Attitudes and Knowledge of the Aged Regarding Old I 19 pages. Age Insurance and Old Age Assistance. Ph.D. dissertation in Social Work. University of Southern' California, 1970. 254 Smith. Curtis L.. Jr. pages. "The unemployed: why they started looking for work." The Volubly Labor Rerie,October, 1965. Washington, Weaver, Leon D.C., U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Special Nonpartisan Elections in Local Government. Detroit, Labor, Force Report No. 60. Citizens Research Council of Michigan, 1971.98 p.

Shill James F. White, Terrence II. Careers of Rural Male High Sauk)! Seniors in Miss- "Work attitudes about industrial deinoeraey."C.anadian issippi. A Study of Oeeupational Interest, Aspirations, and Personnel and Industrial Rdat tow Journal,September, 1972, Expectations. State College, Miss., Mississippi State Univer- pp. 39-42. sity, Social Science Research Center, Report 26, October, 1968.73 ix Whitehead, John S. Ida's Family: Adaptations to Poverty in a Suburban Shoemaker. Louise Proehl Ghetto.SpecialProjectsSection,Mental Health Study Parent and Family Life Edueation. For Low -Income Center, National Institutes of Mental Health, Adelphi, Md., .Families. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of health, 1969. Available from the author at Antioch College, Yellow Education, and Welfare, Welfare Administration, Children's Springs, Ohio. 57 p. Bureau, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1965. 66 p. Wicke, Robert Eugene Southern Regional Council. Class and Class Conflict in the American State. Ph.D. A City Slum .Poor People and Problems. Atlanta, Ga., dissertation. St. Louis, Mu., Washington University, 1971. Southern Regional Council. 22 p. 318 pages.

.Spear, Mel Williams, Warren S. "New program ex peetations in serving the aged."Public "Classdifferencesintheattitudes ofpsychiatric. Welfare,Vol. 24, No. 3, July, 1966, pp. 21116. patients."Social Problems,Vol. 4, No. 2, April. 1957, pp. 240-44. Stagner, Ross Psychological Dynamics of Inner-City Problems. Wash- Wolfe, Alan ington, D.C.. U.S. Dept. of Labor, Manpower Administra- The Seam) Side ofDentotftio.Rcprtsslop Ili.1nwrica. tion. 1968. 35 p. New York, David McKay Company, Inc., 1973. 306 p.

Stansbury, Clayton C. Wolfe, Ann G. Internal-External Control, Ditterential Social Reinforce- Differences Can Enrich Our Lives. New York, Public ment. and Attitude Change Among Black College Students. Affairs Pamphlets, 1967. 8 p. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Maryland, 1972. 147 pages. Womack, W.M., and Wagner, N.N. "Negro interviewers and white patients. the question of Stewart, Maxwell S. confidentiality and. trust."Archires of General Psychiatry, When l'eople Need Help. New York, Public Affairs Vol. 16, 1967, pp. 685-92. Committee. Public Affairs Pamphlet No. 493 1973. 24 p. Bli,hography. Woritz, Deborah "Ilow to exploit and destroy a people: the case of the Stokes, Vernon Dee Alaskan native."Ord Rights Digest,Vol. 2, No. 3, Summer, Selected Value Concepts of Seventh-Grade Mexican- 1969, pp. 6-13. Amenean Students. Ph.D. dissertation in Education. Texas Tech University, 1970. 159 pages. Young, Whitney Beyond Racism.New York, McCraw-Hill, 1969. 255 p.

Sidman, Seymour, and Bradburn, Norman Yuker, Harold E., Block, ER., and Young, Janet 11. Social Psychological Factors m Intergroup housing. TheMeasurementofAttitudestowardDisabled Chicago, National Opinion Research Center. University of Persona.Albeitson, N.Y., Human Resource C enter, 1966. Chicago. May, 1966. 159 p. 170 p.Ttiles.

Tiltord, Michael Phillip Zukerman, Karl D. Factors Related to the Choice of Science as a Major "SocialAttitudes andtheLaw."InThe Double Among Negro College Students. Ph.D. dissertation in Lduea- Jeopardy, The Triple CrisisIllegitimacy Today. New York, t ion, Oklahoma State University, 1971. 150 pages. National Council on)llegitimaey, 1969. pp. 69-78. L 145 E. Measuring Attitudes and Gauging Public Opinion About the Poor

...

146 141 E. Measuring AttitUdes and Gauging Public Opinion About. the Poor

Mock, Alan C., and De Fleur, Melvin L. This book isdesigned to help the average reader 'A unfigurational approach to contingent ...unsistcny wmprehend the proesses of pvllmg publo. opinion. Bogart in the attitude-behavior relationship.- Aincrican Sociological discusses the difference between what polls realisticallyion Reviels, Vol. 37, December, 1972, pp. 714-26. accomplish and what the public believes them capable of Figures, bibliography. accomplishing. This articleisasurveyof theliteratureinthe controversial (to social psychologists at any rate) relationship Cantnl, Albert H.. and Roll, Charles W. between attitudes and behavior. The writers attempt to Hopes and Fears of the American People. New York, clarifythe theoretical background and to synthitsize the Universe Books, 1971.93 p. cause- effect relationships.

Allswang, John Myers Chandler, Robert The Political Behavior of Chicago's Ethim. Groups, Public Opinion. Changing Attitudes on Contemporary 1918-1932. Ph.D. dissertation.University of Pittsburgh, PoliticalandSocialIssues.NewYork,R.R. Bowker 1967. Company, 1972. xi, 195 p. (A CBS.Reference Book). This book includes a large amount of material on Ames, R.G., and Sakuma, A.F. attitudes drawn from CBS polls. In the introduction, the "Cntena for evaluating others. a re-examination of the author explains why most survey research studies are used by Bogardus social distance sale.'Sociology and Social K. the aadeinic community and by business rather than by the search, Vol. 54, No. I, 1969, pp. 5-24. newspapers and the broadcasting media. "Included in this volume are studies which predated the CBS News Poll. 'Black Ba..kstrum, Charles IL, and Hurs...h, Gerald D. and White Attitudes' was conducted in the spring of 1968 by Surrey Research. Lvanstun, Ili., Northwestern Univer- Opinion Research Corporation (of Prinetonj for use in the sityPress, Handbooks for Research ,n Polito-al Behavior, 'Of Black Amen...a' series." (p. xi) The most important 1963. xix, 192 p. section of the book is "Black and White Attitudes," on pages Illustrations. -15-35; itis an exceptionally well-drawn view of the black mood and the white outlook, documented with statistics and Bell, Leland Virgil strengthened by commentary. The 41 questions analyzed Anatomy ut a Hate Movement. Th. G...rinan An.ro.an were broken down statistically a.....urding to black and white Bund, 1936-1941. Ph.D. dissertation. West k *row (Amer respondents and clustered acwrdmg to theme. The question sity, 1968. topics include: white racism, measures of racism, the Presi- dent's Commission Report and racism, responsibility for race Blume, Frank Reinhart relations problems, perceptions of white attitudes toward TheLffe....tof NegroPictorial Material ,onRacial blacks,assessmentof blacks in American history, and Attitudes. Ph.D. dissertation. Claremont, Cal., Clartniunt analysis by subgroups of whites. Under the major heading, College, 1966. 225 pages. "Negro Wants and Needs; Protest and its Consequences," are the following topics: Degrees of Personal Satisfaction in Four Blumenthal, Monica C. Key Areas; How Negroes are Covered by the Media; Resentment and suspicion among American men." Awareness of and Support for Negro Leadership, Attitudes American Journal uJ Psjchtatr),, Vol. 130, No. 8, August, toward Forms of Protest Activity, How Best to Handle Riots 1973, pp. 876-80, Once They Start; Other Violence Related' Issues; Questions Reflectinga Consistency of Attitudes RelatedtoAge, Bogart, Leo Education, and Place of Residence. On pages'3I-32 is a SilentPUiliIGS.1%/11.1 and Mc Aivarcness of Public statistical breakdown on respondent characteristics analyzing Opinion. New urk, Juhn W ilcy and Suns, Intersuene, such things as age group, kind of work of main wage earner, 1972. 250 p. and the number of family members earning money on jobs.

147 143 144 1 . Nleavuring %mimics

Crotty, William J. Center are also listed, making these statistical figures more Pubhe Opinion and Polities. New York, Holt, Rinehart aeeessible. Volume 3 euntams the eomplete index. and Winston, Inc., 1970. vin, 413 p. Gallup, George 11. Dawes. Robyn M. The Sophisticated Poll Watcher's Guide, Princeton, NJ., Fundamentals 01 Attitude$1casur, mint. New York, Princeton Opinion Press, 1972, xi. 232 p. John Wiley and Sons, 1972. 165 p. Glenn, Norval D., and Alstor., John P. Deutscher, Irwin "Rural-urbandifferenceinreportedattitudes and What We Sas/What he Do.Sentiments and Acts. behavior," Southwestern Social Science Quar:erly, Vol. 47, Glenview, III.. Scott, Foresman and Company, 1973. xii, 370 March, 1967, pp. 381-400. p. The results of this poll indicated that the commonly In this important sourcebuok, Deutseher synthesizes held stereotypes of farmers as being religiously traditional, recent data tram various social scientists work un personal work-oriented, puritanleal, and prejudiced are in reality quite activity versus personal interior monologue. The introduc accurate. In addition, these qualities are vety similat to those tional writing is helpful and expert. There is a wealth of of manual workers. Although the questionnaire did nut bibliographic intormation. Chapter 2, "A Problem Found examine attitudes toward poverty, it did probe work-related dud Lost." on pages 12-45, concerns surveys and polls, and attitudes such as job satisfaction and happiness. includes the classic article, "Fact and factitiousness in ethnic opinionnaires," by Robert K. Merton, on pages 23-24. The Green, James Alan author discusses the role of pulls and public opinion in Attitudinal and Situational Determinants of Intended scientific social researeh. "Reading a paper at the 1938 13ehav fur towards Negroes. Ph.D. dissertation. Boulder, Colo., meetings of the Amenean Sociological Society, Robert K. University of Colorado, 1967. 194 pages. Merton was critical of his own recently acquired survey data on attitudes toward Negroes." (p. 22) Chapter 4, "A G ruing, James E. Cumulative Science," on pages 66-104, contains as data a "Communicationineummunitydecisions onthe reprinting ut "Verbal attitudes and overt Jets, an experiment problems of the pour." Journal of COMIllilthcailiftll. Vol. 22, on the salience of attitudes." by Melvinl. Detleur and Frank March, 1972, pp. 5-25. R. Westie. (Originally published in American Sociological Rewtetv, Vol. 23,1958, pp. 667-73.) The chapter also llall, Jacquelyn Dowd explores attitudes toward blacks as shown in laboratory teks, "Oral history movement: seeking out the voices of verbal prejudice and overt acts, and reference groups. women, blacks, radicals, and workers for a better-balanced story." South Today, Vol. 4, No. 7, April, 1973, pp. 2-3. Edwards. Allen Louis The author discusses various continuing oral history r( hniques of .1ttaudc Seale Cmstruction. New York, prliects, mainly located in the South, such as the oral history Appleton- entury Crotts. Century Psychology S:ries, 1951. program at the University of North Carolina. and projects at Bibliography. Fisk University, Tulane University, Duke University, Mary Holmes Junior College at West Point. Alice Lloyd College in Erskine, II. Pippa Passes, Kentucky, and Memphis State University. demonstrations and race riots." Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 31, Winter, 1967-68, pp. 655-77' Ilaniersma, Richard John "onstruetion of an Attitude Behavior Seale of Negroes Frskine.11 racial integration." Public Uptown and Whites Toward Each Other Usin&Guttnian Facet Design "Polls.speed at and Analysis. Ph.D. dissertation. East Lansing, :.lichigan Quarterly. Vol, 32. Fall, 1968, pp. 513-24. State University, 1969. 389 pages. 1. wens. William Lee Reterence to Other Support. Ethnic Attitudes, and Ilavelock, Ronald G. Perceived Intluence at Others in the,Perturmanee elf Overt Planning forInnovation through Dissemination and Acts. Ph.D. dissertation. Iowa ( ity, la.. the University ut Utilization of Knowledge. Ann Arbor, Mich., The University Iowa, 1969. 277 pages. of Michigan, ('enter for Research on Utilization of Scientific Knowledge, January, 1971. 11 sections. Eriedenberg, Edgar S., editor Bibliography. The Mrs- Imerican Lrtncratwn. Ne.v York, Transaetion "Social Influence and Attitude Change" is on pages Bunks. 1971. 277 p. 4-26, "Attitude and Opinion Surveys" is on pages 9-21.

t Gallup, George 11(n:ice Hennessey, Bernard C. The Gallup PollPublieOpinion, 193.519'1. New Public Opuiton. Belmont. Cal., Wadsworth Publishing York. Random House. 1972. Three volumes. xliv, 2388 p. Company, Inc.. July, 1968. viii, 376 p. V.IlinneI,1935-1948. Volume 2, 1949-1958, Volume 3, Chapter3. "Survey Research," on pages 42-79is especially important because in it Ilennessey has included the )r pt c-iiiprchensive works nit a polling historyofpull-taking,lists, and explanations ofvarious ,titanaat.an eve: publadied, the set is enhanced by the fact survey researchprograms and depositories around the thatthe dates ofpolls taken are listed as well as the country. A secondexcellentsection is Chapter4, publication .d their data. The code number > at the eorres- "Methodology. The Attacks on the Pollsters." on pages p.,ndoig data -et, tot cards at the Roper Opinion Research 80-92 in vv Inch the atiilior warns of hazards unknown to the 148 1 E. Measuring Attitudes / 145

inexperienced pull watcher an,1 ut traps into which the altruism. Sonic chapters which illuminate the theure. tical inexperienced pull administrator might tall. background applicable to helping the pour include. "Norms and normative behavior:fieldstudies of social interde- Kasper, H. pendence," by John M. Dailey and B. Latane, on pages --War on Poverty. a program for the taxpayers or the 83-101, "The desire for justice and reactions to victims." by pour.'" Quart( r11 Retisit 0,/ Leonotnies ana Business, Vol. 8, MelvinJ.Lerner, onpagels205-29, and "The natural Autumn, 1968, pp. 15-28. socialization of altruistic autonomy," by David Rosenhan, on pages 251-68. Each chapter is followed by complete footnote Kelly, James G., et al. references. "The measurement of attitudes toward the Negro in the South." Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 48, November, Luttbeg, Norman R., editor 1958, pp. 305-17. Public Opinion and Public Policy: Models of Political Linkage. Homewood,III.,The Dorsey Press, 1968, ix, 469,p. Lane, Robert E., and Sears, David 0. Public Opinion. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice -hall, Margolis, Gale Victor Inc., Foundations of Modern Political Science Series, 1964. Response to Lihnucentrisin. Ph.D. dissertatic.n.Unwer- 120p. 0 sity of Cincinnati, 1967. 63 pages. Tables. Mendelsohn, llarold, and Crespi, Irving Lansing, John B., et al. Polls, Television and the New Politics. Scranton, Pa., Working Papers un Survey Research in Poverty Areas. Chandler Publishing Company, 1970. 329 p. Ann Arbor, Mich., University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, January, 1971. vi, Minister, Edsprd Boyd 318 p. t ca. 250 pages of appendices, tables, facsimiles. A Correlation Analysis of a Measure of Institutional The major importance. of this dearly written technical Subgroups and a Me....sure of Attitdc Toward Ethnic Groups. manual lies in the models it provides for preparing interviews Ph.D. dissertation in Ldu,, diem. N.?, York, Columbia Uni- with the poor, for interviewing the poor, for interacting versity, 1966. 95 pages. personally with minorities, and for processing, coding, and analyzing the data by tape and ynnputer. The authors have National Industrial Conference Board. included a number of que-stionnaues pies isms!) administered A StatisticalSurveyofPublic Opinion Regarding to the pour. Appendix C is "A Questionnaire for a Pilot Current Lcunomi. and Social Problems, as Reported by Study of Quality of Life in Urban Neighborhoods, form W," Newspaper Lditurs in the first Quarter of 1936. New York, which was originally designed in 1969. This questionnaire., National Industrial Conference Board, Inc., 1936. viii, 56 p. including an interviewer's supplement was used in model Tables. neighborhoods having first been pretested in Detroit and Pittsburgh. Two forms of the questionnaire are for heads of Nicholls, William El. households and for wives of heads. Question topics Southern Tradition and Regional Progress. Chapel 11111, education, number of children, reasons for moving, welfare, N.( ., University of North Carolina Press, 1960. 202 p. accessibility to recreational facilititis, degree of interaction for the common good in the neighborhood, and ideas on the Num°, Dan D., compiler et ticacy of the Model Cities Program, An excellent bibliog- Pohtica/ Attitudes and Public Opinion. Dan D. Minnie.) raphyapplicableto the problem of response errorin and Charles M. Bonican, editors. New York, McKay, 1972. interviews and the problems of interviewing minority groups viii, 568 p. is on pages 92.97, Oppenheim, Abraham Naftali Renvis Questionnaire Design and :lit:nide Measurement, New A Technique 'or the Measurement of Attitudes. Ph.D. York, Basic Books, 1966. 298 p. dissertation. New York, Columbia University, 1932. Archives Illustrations. of Psychology, No. 140. 55 pages. Bibliography. l'arten, Mildred Surveys, Polls. and Sample's Practical Procedure's. New Lincoln, Alan, and Levinger. George York, Cooper Square Publishers, Inc., 1966. xli, 624 p. "Observers evaluations of the victim and the attacker in ,,Fully indexed, bibliography. 1100 items. an aggressive incident." J.)iirnal of Personality and Social Platenpresents clearlythe rule utpublic opinion Ps t etiology, Vol. 22, No, 2, May, 1972, pp. 202-10. sampling anddescribesthe various techniques used in analysis, she backs her material with ample statistics. The Macaulay, Jacquchne. and Berkowitz, Leonard. editors index and bibliography are well-dune and extensive. Altruism and Helping Behavior- Social Psychological Studies of Some Antecedents and Consequences. New York. Peterson, James Harlon -,_Academic Press, 1970. x, 290 p. A Disguised Structured Instrument for the Assessment flu isacollection uttwentypapers from social of Attitudes toward the Pour. Ph.D. dissertation. Norman, psychologists, originating from a conference un helping and University of Oklahoma, 1967. 144 pages. altruism at the University of Wisconsin in 1968. The four major thematic sections are:situational de:erminants of Podell, Lawrence helping. social norms and the socialization of altruism, guilt, "Help has no structureinthe. troubled world of equity, Justice, and reciprocation, and naturalistic studies of welfare." human s'ee'ds. Vol. I,No,9,Mardi, 1973, pp.

1.49 146 E. Nleasuring Attitudes

Reeder, RL. Smith, Patricia Cain; Kendall, Lorne M.; and Huhn, Charles "Seeking a quality-of-life yardstick." Journal of Erten- L. non, Vol. 9, No. 3, Fall, 1971, pp. 11-11 The Measurement of Satisfaction in Work and Retire- ment: A Strategy for the Study of Attitudes. Chicago, Rand Reinhold, Robert McNally, 1969. 186 p. "Changes In social attitudes monitored in broad surveys of the 'quality of life'." New York Tunes, fkugust 20, 1973, Summers, Gene F., editor p. I, col. 6, and p. 28. Attitude Aleasuremenr. Chicago, Rand McNally, 1970. Reinhold describesthe techniques that survey re- 568 p. searchers are currently using to derive a consensus on social indicators such as *crime, prejudice, personal happiness, and Walther, Regis trust in leaders. The Measurement of Work Relevant Attitudes. Washing- ton, D.C., The George Washington University, Social Re- Reno, Thomas Richard search Group, February, 1968. A Study of the Knowledges and Attitudes of Navajo Indians in Two Communities toward Navajo Reservation Watts, William, and Free, Lloyd A. Schools. Ph.D. dissertationinEducation.EastLansing, State of the Nation. New York, Potomac Association, MIchigan State University, 1971. 107 pages. n.d. 362 p. Respondents were asked to answer questions on priority Rubinson, John P., Athanasiuu, Robert, and Head, Kendra B. spending, some of which,had to du with fin nial allocations Measures oaf Octupational Attitudes and OLLiipational by the federal government, such as the s oport of editea Characterisms, Ann Arbor, University of Mlehigan, tional expenses for children from poor fa mires. Institute for Social Research, 1969. 460p. Webb, Kenneth, and Ilatry, Ilatry P. Rubinson, John P., Rusk, Jerrold G., and Ilead, Kendra B. Obtaining Citizen reetiba..k. The A pplic atm' of Citizen Measures of Political Attitudes. Ann Arbor, Mich., The Surveys to Local Governments. Washington, D.C., The Urban University of Michigan. Institute for Social Research, Survey Institute, 1973. 105 p. Research Center. September, 1968. viii, 702 p. This is an important resource book in attitude-taking Westie, Frank R. survey techniques, as well as a textbook for students. In the "A teehnique for the measurement of rake attitudes." tureward, the authors point out that by including in the Anieritan SoLiologital RLIILIS, Vol. 18, lebritary, 1953, pp. book classic prototype surveys, they have not only outlined 73-78. t perimeter, of some major social concerns, but they have also delineated the limitations of the survey as a tool. Out of Williams, Jay Reigle a lung list of eontributurs, the following authors ,ind surveys, SuetalStratificationand the Negro American. An relateespeciallytoattitudes toward thepour.Lliner ['coloration of Some Problems in Social Class Measurement. Ihnekly."AttitudetowardtheNegroMeasure:* ired Ph.D. dissertation. Durham, N.C., Duke University, 1968. Kerlinger,"Social Attitudes Scale Howard Schumann, 181 pages. "Prejudice and Rationality," and "Identification with the UnderdogMeasures,"coauthoredwithHarding;Paul Woodward, George Allen Sheatsley. "Pro-Integration Seale," Lawrence Wrightsman, Dimensions of Judgement and Characteristics of Dis- --Dimensional Attitudes toward Negroes, Measures and In-. placeable Statements in ate Disguised- Structured Instrument terpretationsofGovernment PeThey Seales,"Theodor for the Assessment of Attitudes Toward the Poor. Ph.D. Adorno,"Political-E..unornieConservatismSeale,"and dissertation. Norman, University of Oklahoma, 1967. 86 "Ethnocentrism Scale.," Lots Noble, "Attitudes toward Civil pages. Liberties Measure;" Frank R. Westie, "Prejudice toward Negroes Measure," Two of the most important surveys included are: Bogardus, "Social Distance Scale," 1959;.and Matthews and Prothro, "Racial Stereotype Index." 1966. Perhaps the must important chapter on attitudes is "Racial and Ethnic Attitudes," on pages 203-78.

Roll, Charles W., Jr., and Cantril, Albert II. Polls. Their Use and Misuse in Polities. New York, Bask Books, Inc.. 1972. )(iv. 137 p.

Schwartz, D.A. "Coping with field problems of large surveys among the urban poor." Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 34, Summer, 1970, pp, 267-72.

Shaw, Marvin E., and Wu tit,it. Jack M. Scales for the .flea, uremen, of Attitudes, New York, McGraw-Hill. 1967. 604 p. Chapter 8 is "Ethnic and National Groups," on pages 358-414. 150 F. Survey Research Centers, and Polls and Public Opinion Ccnters

- 151 147 F. Survey Research Centers, and Polls and Public Opinion Centers

1. Survey Research Centers

The Data and Program Library Service of The Data and Category 16. Social Welfare and Public Polk} Computation Center for the Social Sciences 16-ai-i-USA-UMISR-1960 Ali -;e A. Robbin, Assistant Director Income and Welfare in the United States, Mara 1960, 4451 Social Science Building Survey of... 1180 Observatory Drive 16-002-I-USA-NYDSS- 1967 The University of Wisconsin Preventing Chronic Dependency: An Evaluation of Madison, Wis. 53706 Public-Private Collaborative Intervention With First-Time Telephone: (608) 262-8594 Public Assistance Families, 1967 The following sections of The Data and Program 16-003-1-USA-UMISR -1968 Library Service s;stf.friare some of the more obvious A Panel Study of Income Dynamics, 1968-1972. examples of prime sources of data sets. The titles of specific 16-004-1-USA-U01110-1968 inquiries (with tode number) are listedfor some topics Westinghouse /Ohio Head Start Data, 1968 thought to produce particularly relevant searches. However, Category 21. Anomie Behavior (Lg. \flyleaf.) there are undoubtedly many other dala sets of interest to 21-001-1-USA-NCAR0-1968 attitudinal researchers in the collection. The code number ul" Survey of Attitudes Toward Viulcn.c , 1968 Poll each selection has been listed before each title below. No. 1887) Category 06: Minority and Race Relations 21-022-1-USA-10WA-1969 06-009-A-USA-IOWA - 1968 Violent Offenses and Violent Offenders, December Racial Isolationof Negro Sehool Childrenin100 1969 Largest School Districts, 1968 06-010-A-USA-10WA-1968 The Florence Heller (,raauate School for Advanced Studies Racial Isolation in the United States Public Schools, by in Social Welfare States, 1968 Department of Social Policy 06-011-1-UsA-10WA -1970 Brandeis University muck Studies Programs and Adolescent Political Atti- Waltham, Mass. 02154 tudes, 1970 06-012-I-USA-DPLS -1965 ' Dynamics of idealism. Volunteers for Civil Ps.ghts, 1965 Institute for Research in Social Science 06013-I-USMCPR -1961 Social Science Data Library Negro Political' Participation Study, 1961 (Matthews Room 10 Manning Hall and Prothro Study) University of North Carolina 06-014-1-USA-WSRL-1967 Chapel till!, N.C. 27514 Community Study on Civil Disturbances in Milwaukee, Telephone: (919) 933-3061 1967 Solne relevant codes are: 61-Minorities; 84-Racial, Category 09. Attitudes T. ward Self and SooLty Black/WhiteRelations.91-Sof-hitSvstons(Attitudes 09-003-1-USA-WSRL 1964 Toward Self and Society), 97-Violence and Riot Studies. Study of St;ial Responsibility, 1964 (WSRL Project No. 158) 09-019-1-FOR-ICPR-1959 Institute for Social Research Patterns of Human Concern: United States, August The University of Michigan 1959 (Reformatted Version) 426 Thompson Street 09-022-1-USA-UICOM 1962 Ann Arbor, Mich. 48106 Social Involvement and Political Activity Study, 1962 09-024-I-USA-ROPER 1971 Institute of Welfare Research-Community Services Hopes and Fears, of the American People, 1/71 and Society of New York 3/71,A Survey of.. New York, N.Y.

'1.52 149 1.51) / Stine) Research Centers

International Data Library and Refercn,e. Scrvi,e. Tumin and BarbaraA.Anderson,editors. New York, Survey Research Center Quadrangle Books, 1972. 2220 Piedmont Avenue Sections of speciai interest from the table of contents University-of California are:1. Research inAttitudes: A. Patterns of Belief and Berkeley, Cal., Attitudes;B. Sources, Correlates, and Consequences of Intergroup Attitudes; C. Methodological Considerations in Inter-University Consortium fur Pultu,a1Rescar,11 Attitude ResearLli, D. Attitudes Toward Segregation and P.O. Box 1248 Desegregation. II. Studies of the Characteristics, Structures, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48106 and Positions of Ethnic, Racial, Religious, and National Explpatory pubh,atiuns include. A Guide to -,Rt Groups. B. Racial Groups. Ill. Patterns of Disaimination, sources and Serkices1973 74. Ann Arbor,N11,11., The §egregation, Desegregation, and Integration. Speak. by Unnersity of Michigan, Institute fur Suoal Research, Center Institution, A. Housing, B. Empluymen.. IV. Studies in Civil for Political Studies, August, 1973. iv, 252 p. Rights. V. Education for the Culturally Disadvantaged. VI. Crime and Delinquency. VII. Civil Disorders. VIII. Action National Opinion Research Center Programs Relevant to Intergroup Relations. University of Chicago 6030 South Ellis Avenue Social Science Data Archive Chicago, III. 60637 Survey Research Laboratory Telephone: (312) 684-5600 414 David Kinley Hall Explanatory publications include: Nation &l Data Pro- University of Illinois gram for the Social Sciences: Codebook for the Spring, 1972, Urbana, III. 61810 General Social Survey.Chicago,University of Chicago, National Opinion Research Center, July, 1972. viii, 122 p. The Principal Investigator involved in this survey was James A. Davis. The data is distributed by Williams College, Roper Public Opinion Research Center, Williamstown, Mass. "Half of the approximately forty minutes of the questionnaire devoted to the general social survey focuses on standard pelonal characteristics; the other half focuses on key atultude and opinion items.... One major objective of the project was the replication of questions which have appeared in /previous national surveys between 1945 and 1971. The se/archfor trend items led us to published reports from Gallup, Harris, the Detroit Area Study, SRC (Michigan) studies and NORCles." (From the preface, p. vii.) The interviewees were canvassed in February/April 1972. They were 1613 individuals at least 18 years old.

Regional Social Science Data Archive Political Science Laboratory 321A Schaeffer Hall University of Iowa Iowa City, ; owa

TheResearch Annual onIntergroupRelations.Melvin

Tumin, editor. . TheResearchAnnualon IntergroupRelation published biennielly, contains full:, annotated citations about\ the depth and purpose of domestic and foreign research projects, every volume includes about 1500 citations. The annotations are excellent and well worth reading in depth. Each volume contains projects occurring approximatelyone year before publication.

Research ,innual on Intergroup Relationc, !970, Melvin M. Tumin, editor. New York, Quadrangle Books, 1970. Sections of special interest from the table of contents an.t.I.ResearchinAttitudes:Patterns of Beliefs and Attitudes, Sources, Correlates, and Consequences of Inter- group Attitudes; Attitudes Toward Segregation and Desegre- gation, Methodological Considerations in Attitude Research. IV.Civil Rights: Attitudes-,---Laws, Agencies, and Action Programs.

Research Annual on Intergroup Relations, 1972, Melvin NI. 153 F. Survey Research Centers, and Polls and Public Opinion Centers

2. Polls and Public Opiiiion Centers

The American Instituteof Public Opinion: The Gallup Williamstown, Mass. 01267 Organization Telephone: (413) 458-5500 Gallup Opinion Index Examples of publications are listed below: 53 Bank Street Princeton, N.J. 08540 Current Opinion Telephone: (609) 924-9600 Subscriptions Editor For examples of publications, see annotation in Section The Roper Center E. P.O. Box 624 Williams College Daniel Yankelovich, Inc. Williamstown, Mass. 01267 575 Madison Avenue There are117 firms from some 67 countries which New York, N.Y. 10022 contribute survey research information which is reported in Telephone: (212) 752-7500 the journal. "Illustrative of the articles included to date are An exampleofstatisticaldatapublishedbythis consumer reaction to Nader's effurts...inter-racial and company in booklet form is, "Generations Apart," (New inter-faith marriages, women's right to equal pay for equal York, Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc., 1969, 84 p.) workgovernment spending, family planning, taxes, buy ing which is based un the study, "Generations Apart. a study of habits, welfare, the problems of the aged, medical care...." the generation gap conducted for CBS News by Daniel (flout the Summer, 1973, Newslettet , p. 8.) Yankelovich, Inc., for use in the News Seriec CBS Reports: Generations Apart, Broadcast on the cBS Television Net- Newsletter work May 20 i*I:y 27, June 3, 1969." The researchers asked most of the questionswhich were mostly on current social The Roper Center issues and social practicesof both parents and their college P.O. Box 624 age children. Section D, "Activism and Involvement," in- Williams College cludes No. 31, "A black leader recently said, 'This is a time Williamstown, Mass. 01267 fur hate.' Do you agree or disagree with this statement?" Nu. Inatypical Newsletter,fur example the Summer, 43, "What scene stands out most vividly your mind from 1973,issue,completeinformationaboutparticipating the TV coverage you saw of...nuts in ghettos?" Responses to groups, special projects, the availability of data. and stages of this question included "poverty conditions," but "distruL proessing is included. This issue also contains an important non and burning" and "looting" were mentioned more section about ,ey s made in Great Britain, Italy, Greece, frequen France, Cana& Japan, Denmark, and the United States. The compiler-editor of the Newsletter is Elizabeth Hastings. Louis Harris and Associates, Inc. 1270 Avenue of the Americas, 31st Fluor Among the ,many polling organizations which do work New York, N.Y. 10020 related to the study of attitudes toward the poor are the An example of publication is. Louis Harris and Asso- following. Further details on address and speL.111c studies are ciates.Harris Survey Yearbook of Public Opinion. 1970. available through the data lit..,ales listed below. New York, Louis Ilarns and Associates, 1971. viii, 547 p. The California Poll fhe Iowa Poll National Opinion Research Center John F. Kraft, Inc. ,"University of Chicago The Minnesota Poll 6030 South Ellis Avenue Opinion Research West Chicago, Ill. 60637 Princeton Research Service The texas Poll Roper Public Opinion Research Center Williams College 154 151 G. Sources

155 153 G. Sources

1. Periodicals and Indexes of Note

The following examples of continuing periodical literature represent a small fraction of the number of important continuing sourdes which attitude researchers may wish to consultin order to find current information. This listis meant ro represent the various disciplines involved, rather than to include al) of the hundreds of periodicals that are of interest.

American Journal of Sociology Commentary(special issuessuchas"Poverty Problems") Journal of Human Resources Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Polls The Publx Opinion Quarterly The Social Service Review Society (formerly TransAction) Studies in Public Welfare'

The following indexes were used successfully in the compilation of this bibliography, and are of first imp°, wnce in retrieving recent citations.

Dissertalion ,lbstrarts The Education Index Poverty and Mown Resources Abstracts Psychological ;(1)$tracts Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature "octal Sciences and Humanities Index Social Sciences Citation hider Socullogical Abstracts

156 155 G. Sources

2. Sourceworks and Sources of Ongoing Information

Armbruster, Frank E. Encore The Forgotten Amerwans. A Surrty, of ralues, Be liefs, Published by Encore Communications, Inc., 572 Madi- and Concerns of the Majority. With contributions by Doris_ son Ave., New York, N.Y. 10022. . Yoke !son. New York, Arlington House, 1972. 454 p. This magazine emphasizes the accomplishments of black illustrations. newsmakers. The compilers used various opinion polls and surveys fromthe1930s to1971as their basic data, looking Goslin, David A., editor speofit-ally at the feelings of young people andblat-ks,An Handbookof SoqalizationTheoryandReseartii. earlier stud, done for the Hudson Institute by the same Chicago, Rand McNally and Company, 1969. xin, 1182 p. umpilers was entitledAn Outline of a National Profile," This handbook provides an euellent over all theoretical the purpose was, -to measure the national character and framework for the study of poor-nonpour relations. Chapter attitudes, and...to See how ur whether they are changing." 29 is "The Soualization of Amerman Minority Peoples," by Donald R. Young, on pages 1103-40, with a bibliography on Arno Press, The New York Times pages 1138-40. "Poverty, U.S.A.: The Historical Record" is a newly reissued series of books from the 1700s to 1939. Some of Inter-University Consortium for Political Research. specialinterestare The Personal Side,by Jessie A. A Guide to Resources and Services,1973-74. Ann Bloodworth and Elizabeth J. Greenwood (published first in Arbor, Mich., The University of Michigan, Institute for Social 1939), andCatholic Charities in the United States: History Research, Center for Political Studies, August, 1973. iv, 252 and Problems,by John O'Grady (published first in 1930). p. This handbook is designed to explain the work of the Inter-University Consortium for Political Research, which is Cabinet Committee on Opportunities for Spanish Speaking "an organization for cooperation between The Center for People, compilers Political Studies, The Institutefor Social Re.2rch, 1/C The Spanish 3/waking in the United States_ A Guide to University of Michigan, and the social science community." Materials.Washington, J.C.,U.S.Government Printing Hundreds of universities, American and foreign, are listed as Office, 1971. 175 p. Available free from the compilers at contributorstothecollection.Summaries on "Social 1800 G St. NM., Suite 712, Washington, D.C. 20506: Systems (Attitudes Toward Self and Society)" are on page This is a unique collection of information on Mexican- 46, with summaries on."Violence" on page 51. Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cuban refugees. There are over thirteen hundred entries. Sonic of the major sections are Jacobs, Paul, and Landau, Saul (with Eve Pell) devoted to bibliographies, books and monographs; articles, Jo Serve the Devil. New York, Random nous., 194:: reports, and speeches, dissertations, government publications, Volume I.xiii, 360 p. Bibliographypp...337:5 Puny audio-visual examination; and Spanish language television indexed. and radio outlets. Inthe section, "The Indians," on pages 3- 5,the authors emphasize the history of the Indian in the4 nited f he C Jumil of the Southern Mountains, States through the nineteenth century, in addition to se eral College Box 2307, Berca, Ky. 40403 sub-sections on contemporary issues. The chapter, he The t.ount-il's booklist, "A Selection of Books, Maga- Department of Interior Views the Indian," on pages 69-73, zines and Ret-ords un the Appalachian South," provides a includes two letters from the1800s that emphasize the large number of titles, both fiLtiun and nuntiaion, which official government polio. of hermetically sealing the Inthin bring to life the struggles of all the pour of this region. out of su...it.ty. The Bureau of Indian Affairs believed that Hie Examples areitlyLand is Dying, by Harry Caudill, The Indian should adopt the cultural behavior systems of the, Southern Appalachian Region: 4 Survey, Thomas R. Ford, whites. editor, and Uptown. Poor whites in Chicago, by Todd Gitlin In the section, "The Blacks," on pages 86-222, the\ and Nance Hollander. authors have included a wide variety of viewpoints from

156 157 G. Sources / 157 many sources. In addition to a discussion of the rule of the grasped sense. of ego identity coupled wita simultaneous blackinnineteenth century America as presented in the drop in use of the subservient role. history books of the 1960s, excerpts from the speeches and interviews ot Rap Brown, Dick Gregory, Julius Lester, and Morgan, JamesN.,and the Staff of the Economic Behavior Kathleen Cleaver are included. Another excellent presenta- Program. tion is on the outlook ut the editors of1 ortunemagazine as Fifty Thousand Americanraindies. Patternsof represented inThe Negro and the Economic Progress.Ann Arbor, Mich., The University of The final section in this volume is "The Chicanos," on Michigan, Institute for Social Research, 1974. pages 223-336. Some of the subsections in this topic include Volume I,An Analysis of the FirstrueYears of the excerpts from Lhicanu publications and newspapers, present- Panel Stud.). of Income Dnainic.s,(436 p.) includes "Family ingthe sociopolitical Mews uttheAlianza Federal de Composition,""IncomeInstability,"and"Educational Mercedes, orJesus Pellares, and of Cesar Chavez. The authors Attainment." present a complete history ut the Chicano-Anglo relationship. Volume II,Special Studies of the first rite Years of the in Tex.,, and California. On pages 275-76 is a short but vital Panel Stud) of Income Dynamics, (376p.) includes "Non- glossary. On pages 326-28 is a quiz un the Chicano heritage Pecumaly Work Rewards," "Aspects of the Variability of entitled La RazaQuiz," republished fromEl Galloof Family Income," anti "The Incidence of Selected Taxes by March, 1968. Income Classes." Volume II.xxxv, 379 p.Bibliography. pp. 357-71. Inthis important study, the authors investigate the Indexed. relationships of environmental factors, race, sex, changes in In this- volume, the authors have included "The Puerto family composition, economic behavior patterns, attitudes Ricans" on pages 271-316, tracing the history of Puerto Rico and personality, and public policy to the level of and changes to summarize the yet unfulfilled struggle for an independent economic well being. i ne resealchers administereda idelittty. Clashes between native Puerto Ricans and American battery tal tests un behavior and attitudes every year for five interests, and the viewpoints of Puerto Ricans living in New years to 5,000 families in order to discern whether such York,are illuminatedina 1969 interview with Cha.Cha iactors as the major wage earner's attitude toward success or Jimenez, leader of the Vs....ag Lords organization. The entire education affected work decisions. The results show0 little see Non includes information on the attitudes and perspec correlation between any of these factors and the family's lives of the Puerto Rican peoples. povertyduring the five-year span, the only significant variable was whether or not the family had some type of Library ut the School of Industrial and Labor Relations, institutionalliasonsuth as churchaffiliationorunion Cornell University. membership. Additionally; the data showed that, while the 1,1brarj Catalog ofthe. Schoolof lodustrial and Labor Bureau of the Census reported 25 million Americans in Relations. povertrensing a baseline of S4,300 for an urban family of 1 his catalog is published annually at the largest center lour), the projections from the Survey Research Institute tar industrial relations in the United States; The last twelve reported about 50 million Americans in poverty at some volumes of the series, published in 166, contained every; point during the five-year period. This book, when used in thing acquired to that point. Since that time, there have been conjunction with other works from the Institute for Social yearly- supplements, with the author, title, and subject cards Research such as .1 'PanelStud) of Income Dynamics. intertiled in one continuous alphabetical urdzr. The user can 1968-72 and 1973 Interviewing Years,or Surveysof Con- acquire intormation .'n newly received books, pamphlets, sumers1971-72.Contributions to Beliaciural Economic? tertt: :au material dad other fugitive materials tan such constitutethe foundation of limaof available topics as the relationships between management and disad- today on economic behavior. vantaged workers, and outreach programs to incorporate the hard-core unemployed, National Library of Medicine, Search Section. 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Md. 20014 Miller, Kent S.. and Dreger, Ralph Mason From this source can be ordered Med-Line searches, Comparative Studies of Blacks and Whiter in the .United which are automated retrieval print-outs derived fromthe StaresNew York, Seminar Press, 1973. xIII, 572 p, Index Medicos,the master bibliography for medical litera- rhp, valuable book is one of a new series entitled ture. "Quantitative Studies in Social Relations," issued by Seminar Press, The volume includes work by nineteen contributors on a variety ot interracial topics such as desegregation, the effect Race Relations Information Center otcognitive apparatus, the influence ot genes on biosocial 1 109 loth Ave. S., Nashville, Tenn. 37212. Telephone activity, mental health, crime, employment, and the relation- (615) 32/-1361. Dead Librarian. Mrs. Dorothy Lake ship ot sell-concept, attitudes, situ iemperament, In the first TheRaceRelationsInformationCenter is a chSpter,"Perspective and Overview," on pages1-5,the bibliographic center, established in 1969, which prepales and editors, Kcilt S.Miller from Honda State University, and exchanges bibhographics on r3 c and social relations, and Ralph Mason Dreger trom Louisiana State University, point roll , is journals and newspapers (on microfilm) on this outthat although there has been much written on how topic. There are educational materials On Indians, Chicanos, whites should accommodate themselves to blacks, more and Puerto Ricans in addition. The parent organization is the needs to he written on the black individual's attitude toward Southern Education Reporting Service. himself and toward whites. We predict an increasing research interest in blacks as South Today. .1 Southern Affairs.(Ceased publica- respondents rather than as subjects to be responded to." (p. tion in December, 1973, with Volume 5, No. 4. Superceded 2,The editors have emphasized the emerging newself- bySouthernroices.)Publishedat 52 Finrhe St., N.W., concept 01 blacks, a greater self-confidence, and a firmly Atlanta, (;a. 30303.

1.563 158/ G., Sources

SouthToday,which was superseded by Southern inLonger-Range Attitudes andSaving,"pages. 165-80, l'Jiees in 1973, contains many articles of interest to anyone "Trends in Inter-Family Transfers," by Nancy A. Baerwaldt involved in the study of attitudes of the pour. Must of the and James N. Morgan, pages 205-32, and "Survey Methods," commentaryconcernsblacks'relationstothewhite pages 291-99. These chapters include analyses according to hierarchy. The, articles un education, welfare, law, health, income group of consumer trends such as the response to and housing are always well written and carefully researched Nixun's "Phase 11," expectations about employment ar.d with an emphasis un improving the lives of southern blacks. ,.hanger in individual income, and the shifting of income The magazine also contains many reports on how bla,ks within a family to accommodate needy family members. function in discriminatory situations, as revealed by in-depth reports onproblemsinemployment, consumerism, IQ The Third Press testing,elections,minoritystatusinthemilitary, and Joseph Okpaku Publishing Co., Inc. govern mental representation. 444'Central Park West New York, N.Y. 10025 Sur.ey.of Consumer Foianet.s.Survey Research Center, This company publishes black - oriented bunks un all Institute for Social Research, University of aspects of black history, fine arts, and suoal interaction. In 1971 the authors changed the title of tnis publication Publications include both scholarlyw oils and children's from The Survey of Consumer Finances to Surveys of books. Consumers. The subsequent volumes, still published by the Institute for Social Research, cover several years in each U.S. Dept. of 12abor, Manpower Administration. issue. Index to the Manpower Reports of the President, 1963-1972. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Katona, George; Dunkelberg, William, Hendrichs, Gary; and Office, 1973. 46 pages. Schmiedeskamp, Jay This recentlyissuedsource accumulates tenyears' IYAY Surrey of consumer Fi ndnsts. Ann Arbor, worth of yearly documentation of the Manpower Report of The University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, the President. It is an excellent source for checking statistics Survey Research Center, 1970. ix, 331 p. about poverty topics, especially on all the phases of the Sections of special interest in volume include. "The many manpower and employment programs. Outlook for Consumer Demand, October-November 1969," pp.223-33; "Attitudes Toward Inflation," pp. ,235.48; Xerox University Microfilms "Attitudes Toward Welfare Payments," pp. 239-40; "Atti- 300 North Zeeb Road tudes Toward Government Expenditure Programs," p. 247. Ann Arbor, Mich. 48106 Two publications of special note are the Comprehensive Katona, George, Mandell, Lewis, and S,himedeskamp, Jay DissertationIndex,1861-1972,and A Bibliography of 1970 Survey of Consumer Finances. Ann Arbor, Mich., Doctoral Research on the Negro, 1967-1969. The, University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, 1971. ix, 295 p. In this volume the authors examine two consumer patt,i us. (nose of all families, and those of families with an income less than $10,000. "The attitudes and expectations of upper-inzonie families frequently fluctuate to a larger extent than those of lower-income families." (pp. 178-79) Chapter 6, "Financial Assets," on pages 95-122, and Chapter 7, "Ownership and Purchases of Stocks and Mutual Fund Shares," on pages 123-30, contain statistical analyses in such areas as share ownership by income, including families with incomes less than S3,000.

Mandell, Lewis; Katona, George; Morgan, James N.; and Schmiedeskamp, Jay Surveys of Consumers.1971-72:Contributions to Behavioral Economics. Ann Arbor, Mich., The University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, 1973. 305 .p. References, questionnaires, bibliography of related works emanating from the same survey institution, pp. 327-29. When the title of this publication changed from The Survey of Consumer Finances to Surveys of Consumers, the authors broadened the scope to include more poverty-related material; "Beyond the collection of financial data and the quarterly collection of consumer outlook data, the Economic Behavior Program is now completing a major five-year study of poverty and changes in income, directed by James N. Morgan." (Preface,p.I) Some of the most important chapters in this volume include: "The Outlook for Consumer Demand, November 1971," pages 113-24; "The Outlook for Consumer Demand, February 1972," pages 125-35;"Change 159 G. Sources

3. Bibliographies

Bahr, Howard M., editor cern the theoretical background of minority-nonminority Disaffiliated Man: Essays and Bibliography on Skid relationships. Row,Vagrancy, and Outsiders.Toronto, Universityof Toronto Press, 1970. xiv, 428 p. Institute for Rural America, in association with Spindletop The authors of the essays included in this volume are Research. Theodore Caplow, James F. Rooney, Iluvvard M. Bahr, Felix Puierty, Rural Pu&eriy, and Minority Groups Living in M. Berardo, and Armand L. Mauss. The annotated Rural Poverty. Annotated Bibliography.Lexington, Ky., phy on pages 84-394 includes sections on journalistic and Spindletop Research, June, 1969. 159 p. literary accounts, employment and unemployment, anomie, The main theme of this volume is the rural sociology of isolation, andmarginality. Although thearticlesinthe poverty groups. The sectaun "Negro and White Attitudes bibliography are mostly not recent, the coverage of early Toward Each Other," on pages 134-36, contains references social work literature, including citations from the nine- to works largely from the early 1960s. teenth century, is excellent. Kolm, Richard, compiler and editor Belson, William A., and Thompson, Beryl-Anne Bibliography of Ethnicity and Ethnic Groups.Rock- Bibliography on Methods of Social and Business Re ville, Md., National Institute of Mental Health, Center for search.New N irk, Wiley, 1973. 300 p. Prepared with the Studies of Metropolitan Problems, 1973. Available from the support of the Nuffield Foundation. Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing This bibliography contains about 2,000 citations from Office,lVashington, D.C. vii, 250 p. the period 1930 to 1970, including references from books, This important sourcework is an excellent compilation periodicals, and conference reports. The main strength uf this of the literature un ethnicity from the 1950s to the present. NuurLework is that it deals with methods and techniques uf Kuhn has also emphasized interreligiuus attitudes, migration, data colit-ctiun taken from research in marketing; adveitising, immigration,andindividualethnic groups such as the sut-ial behavior, opinion ad iilpting, and attitudes. Catholics,the Jews, and the Puerto Rican:. AB of me citations include annotations; many of the annotations state Blum, Zahava D., and Rossi, Peter 11. the individual work's relevance to attitudes. The annotations Social Class Research and Images ofthe Poor. A are all deftly written and are well worth reading. BibliographicReview.AppendixtoOnUnderstanding Poverty, Daniel P. Moynihan, editor. New"York, Basic Books, Lystad, Mary H. 1972. pp. 343418. SocialAspectsofAlienation: An Annotated Bibliogra- f he authors firstsituate the works by theme in a phy,.Chevy Chase, Md., National Institutes of Mental Health, bibliographic essay. The books are listed without annotations 1969. 92 p. on pages 399-418. Miller, Albert Jay Colho, George U., et al., editors Confrontation, Conflict, and Dissent:ABibliography of coping and Adaptation, A Behavioral Sciences Bibliog- a Decade of Controversy, 1960-1970.Metuchen, N.J., The raphy. For the UiS. Dept. of Ilealth, Education, and Wclfare Scarecrow Press, 1972. 567 p. Public Health Service, health Services and Mental Health The compiler has included many citations about atti- Administration. and the National Institutes of Mental Health. tudes toward the poor. The entire bibliography includes Washington, D.C., U.S. Covernment Printing Office, 1970. 5,000 entries divided into twelve set-Duns. Pertinent sections vii. 231 p. include "Police-CommunityRelations,"and"CivilDis- obedience, Violence, and Non-Violence." flare, A. Paul "Bibliography of small group research,1959-1969." Price, Daniel 0. Socionietry,Vol. 35, No. 1, 1972, pp. 1-150. Rural-Urban Migration and Poverty. A Synthesis of This bibliography contains 2,021 v.atatiuns, many eon- Research Findings, with a Look at the Literature. Austin,

160 159 160 / G. Sources

Texas, TRACOR, tidy, 1971. Submitted to Procure- number of master's theses unlikely to be cited elsewhere. ment Division, Offiee ut Lconuntic Opportunity, Washing- Most of the citations date from the 1960s. An especially ton. D.C. Available !ru the Nation.' Technical Intormation pertinent sectionis "Social Attitudes," un pages 865-77, Service, Springfield, Va. iv, 31$ p. which includes some of the following citations: Fhis comprehensive, well-written bibliography includes Chang, Kwang. Relation of Level of Living to Selected ail essay on rural-urban migration and poverty, an annotated AttitudinalCharacteristicsof Central AppalachiaRural guide to 010-funded studies, and an annotated bibliography Families. M.S. thesis, University of Tennessee, 1965, 118 p. with 1,120 entries. Price cites literature dating from the Clifford, William B. Attitudes Toward Education and 1940s to the 1970s. Some of the annotations, which vary in the Sellouts in a Rural Industrialized County. M.A, thesis, length, are taken directly from original abstracts. A few West Virginia-University, 1965, 83 p. attitude-relatedentris are.No. 0664. Mayes, LarlL., Dauenheimer, Anne 'R. Sonic Correlates of Alienation `Attitudes and Plans ut Selected Rural and Urban Students Among Southern Appalachians. M.A. thesis, West Virginia in Idaho to Migrate Upon Graduation from High School." University, 1967, 181 p. Unpublished master's thesis, Utah State Uttiversity, 1957. DcJong, Gordon F. "Religious fundamentalism, socio- Nu. 0999, Turner. Ralph 11., "Migration to a medium sized economic status andfertilityattitudesinthe southern Americancity.attitudes,motives, andpersonal charac- Appalachians." Deniograph), Vol. 2, 1965, pp. 545-48. teristics revealed by open-ended interview methodology." Dow, Loren W. "Society as it looks to therm a sfudy of Journal of Social Psycholog,), Vol. 80, 1949, pp. 229-49. Nu. sixcommunitiesinthe Appalachian areaofVirginia - 1103. Windham, Gerald 0., "Urban identification of rural Tennessee." l'irginia Social Science Journal. Vol. I, No. 2, migrants." Mississippi Quarterly, Vol. 14, Spring, 1961, pp. November, 1966, pp. I3-24r 78-89. Eleazer, Carolyn. Political Attitudes of the Poor--An Inquiry into Their Position on a Liberal-Conservative Con- Princeton University. Industrial Relations Section. tinuum. Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1966. Selected References Series. Gray, Wayne T. "Mountain dilemmas a study in f he four-page bibliographies that make up this series are mountain attitudes." MountainLift and Work, Vol. 12, among the best of their kind. Each annotation is succinctly April, 1936, pp. 1-7. and knowledgeably written. Some pertinent citations in- Norman, Douglas."Sensitivity versusinbreeding." elude. No. 143. Statistics un Poverty in the United States, Southern Educational Report, Vol. 4, December, 1968, pp. compiled by Hazel C. Benjamin, September, 1968, No. 152: 28 -31. Black Workers and the Unions, compiled by Ilelen lairbanks, Photiadis, John D. Rural Southern Appalachia and Mass May, 1970. Nu. 163. Minimum Wages, compiled by Ilelen Society, an Overview. Morgantown, West Virginia University, 1 airb,inks. July, 1972. Nu. 168. Blue-Collar Blues. Fact or Center for Appalachian Studies and Development, Office of Fiction? compiled by Ilelen Fairbanks, July, 1973. Research and Development, 1966? 21 p. Sheiman, Mandel. The Development of Attitudes: A Signori, Ldru I., Rempekllenry, and Stevens, Harry Study of the Attitudes ut Mountain Children. New York, "Bibliography on attitudes toward hiring socially disad- Payne Fund, I-933. 54 p. vantaged persons." Psych/ring:cat Reports, Vol. 20, 1967, pp. 643-56. Thisbibliography,containssectionson:Theory, Methodology, Physically Handicapped, Ex-mental Patients, Mental Retardates, Ethnic Minorities, Older Workers, School Drop-outs,Ex-Criminals andDelinquents, Women, and General References.

Tompkins, Dorothy Campbell, compiler ',racily in the United States During the Sixties: A Bibliography. Berkeley, Cal., University of California, Insti- tute 01 Government Studies, 1970. 542 p. I hisis one of the largest and most comprehensive bibliographies on poverty currently in print, it is important to ever., me interested in the literature of poverty. Many of the 8,01,0 entries are annotated; well -dote author and subject indetes are also included. An important ction is "Attitudes of and loward the Poor" on pages 101-3. \

U.S. Dept. of Health, 1-ducation, and Welfare. Ofbee of Research and Statistics, Poverty Studies in the Sixties: A Selected, Annotated Bibliography, James S. Parker, compiler. Washington, D.C., U.S, Government Printing Office, 1970. 126 p.

West :rtia Ilniversity. The Library. Juan Bibliography. Morgantown, W.Va., West VirginiaUniversity,1970. Volume I, entries 1-4081, pp. 1-582, Volume II, entries 4082-8220, pp. 583-1166. Thisexcellentannotatedbibliographyincludesa 161 .00

Index

16.2 161 Subject Index

NOTE: This index supplements, but does not replace,the Table of Contents. The reader should consult the Table of Contents first for the location of major topics.

Acculturation, 124(G old) Aspirations Charity, 137(Katz) Adolescents. disadvantaged 23(Kohrs) analysis of, 43(R ayburn) Childrearing,51Glazer),5(Giovannoni), vantaged, 23(Kohrs) anxiety and, 8(Schmatzried) 54(Erlanger); 64(Porter), 10 l(St. Denis) developmentalview of, 7(M alone), of Black youth, 6(Kim) ChineseA mericans,59(Fox),83(Evans), 7(Mattick) mobility, 138(Kuvlesky) 64(Maruyana), 100(Feldstein) employment of, 15(Swanstrom) in rural South, 44(Dunkelbergef). 140(Shill)Civil Rights Act of.1964, 126(Kinnick) families and, 9(Stem) occupational change and. 12(Dunkelberger) Consumer Finances, 158(Katona) Indian, 32(Lammers) socioeconomic level and. 6(Jackson) Cross-cultural interaction, 85(DeCrow) look at, 7(Meicr) minority, 7(Mondalc) Discrimination self.concept of, 4(DeBlassic). 5(George) Black M cconornic life, 77(Pascal) in transition, 3(Bachmar) adolescents, 5(Georgc), 6(Lang) and job security, 16(Via) work and. 5(Goldstein) Americans, 6(llarris) minority percentage and, 135(Blalock) Aged aspirations. 6(Kini) toward Negroes, 144(Green) adjustment to being, 136(Draper) children, 18(Billingsley) perception of, 45(Scott) attitudes toward, 135(Batten) conjugal unit, 3(B allwegi types of, 31(Works) Black, 36(A iken) consumers, 8(Roumasset) Drug addiction, 135(Agar) fact and fancy, 137(Kent) cost of being. 18(0 Vet) MexicanAmerican. 34(Leonard) cultural positives, 127(Mezz) poverty of. 79(Tissuc) education, secondary school, 3(Benjamin) Education psychological status of. 138(Lawton) education. 6(llollistcr) of Blacks, 3(Bailey) public programs for. 140(Spear) experience, 8(Rainwater) changes in, in inner eity, 123(Day) rural. 24(Rose) family life,3(Billingsley).8(Scanzoni), classroom racial cor.,position, 126(Lewis) social services for, 138(McCormack) 14(Moynihan). 20(Podell) college, 33(Wright). 66(Duval),I 04(I.ystad) transfer payments and. I22(Bridges) farmers, I5(Southern) of I ndians, 32(Bass) welfare and, 141X ia) Harlem, 4(Brown) ofMexican-Americans,34(Demos), Aggression. 145(LL 1.0111) history, 156(Jacobs) 34(Farias) Alcohol. m. fii(Stratton). 90(Chelfant) identity, 22(Dizard) of migrants, 4(Fasick) Alienation,4(Bullough),67(Johnson). migrants, 10(Yamamoto) parent aides in, 124(Gilbert) 159( Lystad) migration, 4(Blevins) parental interest in, 6(11ollister); 23(Lopate) Altruism, 145(Macaulay) militance, 6(Helinreich) preschool, 32(Beuf). 121(Biber) Anomie, 231 Lefton), 291 Lcwiy. 34i It ush 3(lat ), 51Furrussi.I 28(Vuay nor) primary, 7(Lueptow), 8(Schneider) 11 2 1 McD111) power, 38(Caliri) Project Ileadstart.97(Meier). I 25(Kearney) Appalachia rage. 5(Grier) race and, 24(Pettigrew) attitudes about. 1351Appalachial self-concept, 4(Dcl3bssie) school administration and, 50(McKelvey) bibliography on. 156(Council). 1600ticsti self-image, 14(Sadotsk)) secondaryschool,3(Bailey), 3,(Benjamin), change in. 127(Pbutiadis) street corner men, 7(Liebow) 22(Fitzgcrald), 34(Mansfield) community action in. 130(Zellur) students, high school, 7(Moretz) semantic differential and, 4(Dcn ak) despair in. 129(Sinclair) tavern. 8(S amuels) students and, 9(Summerlin) education in. 123(Duniuko.v) teachers, 26(Campbell) leachersand,4(Bropliy),5(Goldenberg), family in, 56(Weller) unemployed, 3(Beachani) 92(11ilborn) fertility in. 57(DcJung) welfare, 19(Johnson) Educational Programs for the Disadvantaged, happiness m, 4(Coles) women, 9(Stewart), 25(Young) 24(Olsen) human attitudes m, 251-Weller) work attitudes, 11(Barry), 15(Springer) Employment, 12(Denman) juveniles in court from. 40( IlucIsmar) work incentives, I2(Dizard) Environment, 7(Loom), 138(Lowenthal) life in. 2I(Coles) Black Muslims, 82(Tyler) Ethnic mental health in. 141Nationali BlueLollur worker, 8(Shostak).15(Shostak). attitudes, 80(Berg) migration in. 251Schwarzwellen 136(Goldthorpe) bibliography, 3(American). 159(Kolm) permanent poor in. 4(Caudill) Busing. 106(Whitelicad), 123(Danahy) culture of poverty, 6(lrelan) subculture of. 21(13a10 group cohesiveness, 5(Guttentag) teachers in, 96(Flanders) job attitudes, 13(Katzell) women of, 6(Kahn) Capitalism, 125(Heilbroner) group marginality of, 3(Affleck)

-163 163 164iSubjeet Ude

groups and middle class, 59(Trcudley) community andsocial workpractice, cry of, 4(Clark) pluralism, 6 1(Kolm) 139(Mueller) ghetto culture, 27(11annerz) relations in America. 114(1 1111mM group psychotherapy. 125(Kaplan) educational failure in, 4 l(Rist) stereotypes, I I 1(11righam) and integration, 123(Cutting) education in, 39(Dentler), 98(Upchurch) southwestern groups. 98(Zahl) lower-class, 66(Baum) ethnicity iii, 124(Glazer) student groups, 4(Demos) Islexiean-Americanbilingualism and, institutions in, 82(Rossi) white groups, 137(Grccley) 34(Edgerton) La Vida, 3l(Lewis) Ethnocentrism, 145(Margolis) andminority group mentalretardation, of Los Angeles, 6(J acobs) 89(Boroskin) of New York, 45(Lyford) Film, influence of, 127(M0.3ore) lower-class outpatient treatment, 90(Cobb) problems of, 140(Southern) Family poor children and, 4 2(Symonds) rehabilitation in, 90(Feinberg) Appalachian, 56(Weller) and poverty as etiological factor, 44(B rill) revolt of, 103(13oskin) Black, 3(B illingslcy) and poverty programs, 50(Geiger) riots in, 6(1Iundley) Blackmale,.roleof,29(Parker), psychiatrists and, 128(Riessman) schools, 40(Lafevre) 63(Ben)amin) psychiatry and" racism, 89(Adams) social characteristics of,5(1Iadden) counseling, 126(Manpowen psychological distance and. 42(Toter) social functions of, 5(Fried) in crisis, 136(Glasser) public health social work, 90(Caplan) social order in, 9(Su Wes) family plannirg and, 19(11i11) and racial crisis, 4 2(Zega ns) social power in, 21(Clark) in ghetto, 23(11enderson) racism and, 102(Willic) urban subcultures, 4(Engel) Indian, 33(Smith) services, utilization of, 128(Riessman) slums and suburbs and, 12(Conant) and inequality, 40(Jencks) socialaction and professionalsin, today, 45(Tucker) and intrafamily leadership, 43(Frumkin) 50(Mammr) viewpoint of, 13(11atcher) lower-class, 4 I(Offenbachei) social class and, 45(Weinstein) Watts as, 122(Bullock) low-income,9(Stone) 23(Marshall), social class bias and, 92(Lee) youth cf, 63(G urin) 140(Shoemaker) special groups and, 89(A moss) youth work in, 122(Carney) marriage and, 29(Middleton). urban life and, 138(Levey) Intelligence and 1.Q., 53(Brim), 83(Thomas). marriage, mixed, 126(Leila) Health care and nursing, 92(Keith), 93(Walsh), I 13(Senn. Mexican-American 33(Barrue0 hiousiln0g5(Mosley) Italian - American, 64(Jcssor), f6(Gallo) paiental characteristics, effeceof, 8(Nobers) andparentalinterestineducation, aspirations, 53(Cagle) Japanese Aricricans, 99(Daniels) 44(1Iollistei) applying for, 49(B cllin) JewishAmerica ns,1(10(Feldstein), parental potency and, 67(Sbughtcr) desegregation, 66(13ullough) 101(PcingreW), 102(Selz nick) parent education and, 124(Eutet) discrimination, 38(Americard Jewishattitudes toward Blacks,. 8I(Kogan), in slums, 7(Minuchin) ecology of welfare and, 74(Sternlieb) 8 I(Labovitz1 strength and survival of, 78(Nforisey) goals, I 23(Downs) Justice, 4 I (S ncp f), I 13(Runehiman), therapy, 89(Berman) high density, 138(Mitchell) 137(Groat) welfare and parents, 129(S t ringham) Indian, 4(Craig) working class, 139(Rosenberg) intergroup, 140(Sudman). Law public, 9(Taube) ambivalence to, I06(White) Health scattered low -cost, 78(Grinstead) attitudes toward, 73(Shapek) Black attitudes toward, 57(Gallagher) youth action and, 6 l(Nellum) compliance with, 64(Rodgers) children's attitudes toward, 64(Marshall) Hunger, I 13(U.S. Senate) enforcement, I 38(Lindsley) of Mexican-Americans, 35(Welch) equal opportunity, 138(Loekard) obstetrics-gynecology and, 129(Thiede) Immigrants, 99(Bernani) Legal aid, 53(American) pain, reaction to, 53(Blaylock) Incentives, work, 12(Goodwin). 131E arE:n1 Legal services, 50(Grosser) planning. I I 20: ishman) 13(Mac:uov),16(Wicker).122(i:11311in). Lowerclass, qi(Engel).51Gastil).6(KelPr). practices of.poor, 23(lrelan) 126(1..ish), 137(Gulliksen), 140(Smith) 7(Miller), 78(Gastil) problems of poor, I 13(Pr.tt) turning point experiences and, 130(W dliams). Low-income population,9(U.S.) of Puerto Ricans. 31(Bearle) Income,guaranteed, consequencesof, of Spanish-Americans, 31(Kline) 109(Mead) Management, urban, 105(Reichley) health care, types of Income maintenance !Manpower reports. 158(U.S.) dental treatment, 54(Diekson) and conceptions of poverty, I 29(Spdennan) Marginality, functional. 131(7.urc)ier) educational materials on, 62(Wingert) experiments in, 1 1(11awden) Medicaid, 136(Clia) in free clinics, 5 l(Schatz) and labor supply, 136(Cain) Mexican-American and low-income youth, 54(Conforti) Indian aged, 34(1..e. nard) and militance, S l(Moore) in Alaska, 140(Woritz) bibliography, 156(Cabinet) educational needs of, 121(Angel) in neighborhood centers, 8(Randal) children, 67 (Harkins) for underprivileged patients.I 23(Dummett) counseling, 128(R yan) family, 33(13arruch pediatric, 49. 53(A !pert) education, 32(13ass). 4 l(Melville). 97(lslestas), history of, 156(Jacobs) pharmacy services,OtGalloway) family, 33(Smith) interracial perception of, 40(Kvian) in student- community projects, 4 1(1,cvy) history, 156(Jacobs) La Rasa, 87(Rendon) for v.omen, 50(Jolly) housing. 4(Craig) mental health of, 34(Edgerton) eel lan; doctors arid, 6(K linger) life in mainstream. 24(11.14.Nicklc) migration of, 4(Blev:ns) white hospitals and 'Aack patients, 93(Shass ) mental health, 91(110dree) in New York, 102(Viva) self-help programs. 95(D imock) polities of, 35(Tirado) Health, inental by, and achievement, I 30(forrant.c) urban, 91(11arkins) per ep tio nofpowerlessness in Appalachia, 14(Nationa4 inner -city 66(Campbell) and bch.nkbral intentions. 100(Goldstem) achievements in the ghetto. 2211-0101 race and, 100(Forbes) of Blacks, S UR ingj alienation in, 4tBollough) self-concept of, 4(DeBlassie) Blacks and whites, treatment of, 30(Sager) attitudes in, 54(Isajiw) in Southwest, 139(Moore) care for the poor, 104(Jones) Chicago. 56(Sutt les) stereotypes of,- 83(Evans) of children, 127(Mitehell) children, 38(Coles), 97(Ogletree) welfare and, 93(Saldivar) clinical cooling out, 21(Adams) community action in, 22(Farrell) value concepts of, 140(S tokes) 164 Subject Index1165

Middleclass,8( R obinson),3611lowc), and inp,i-citycommunitycollege, SU pp r t nd ghettosocial structure, 37(Scnnett), 103(Coles) 43(Holtzman) 13( (NJ rpliy) Middle-class. Blacks, 30(Powell) Mexican-A menean, 35(Tirado) Wa iington, D.C.. 9(Stru set) Mtgant workers middle-class, 104(Elinson) Rural po n in Alabama, 9211Io liter) and Moynihan report, 78(Rainwater) aromi, among, 66(Alleger) education ot, 4(1 asiek) of partimption. I 27(Nlarshall) aspects of deprivation among, 24(Rushing) interpersonal relations ot, 86(Gocil) political poverty, 112(G n:enstone) aspirati ns and capabilities.01, 63(11endcr) health of, 6(Koos) in pool neighborhoods, 137(Greenberg) aspirations and expectations of, 25(Sioetini) powerlessness of, 67(U.S. Congress) prejudice and, 99(Daniels) attitudel and behavior of. 144(Glenn) social organization of, 5(fri,dland) Sargeant Shriver and, 94(W itcover) eommui ication with, 1I(Brubaker) and social work executives, 91(fieffernan) confrontation and accommodation of, ,Migration and student attitudes, 40(Jimenez) 26(Coles) II lack, 20(Reasehatier), 24(Meier) in the suburbs, 4(1-ly nn). I 14(W iro in Dane County, 14 isconsm, 24(012eilly) Mexican to United States, 34(Grebler) white ethnic, 36(G reeley) discontantof, 'Aorrison) Naval° Indian, 32(G raves) and-the working poor, 36(f.1inson) education ot, 130(Tweeten) of poor, 44(Lansmg) Poverty, cultureot,6(Lewis),7(Mangin), job mobility aspira10on of, 44(Dunkclbergc0 Puerto Rican, 3 !(Mills), 31( R og ler) 10Minter) leaders of, 136(Forest) rural to ulbau. 4(131cv ins), I59i l'neet and anthropology, 8(Parker). 9(Valentine), mobility of, 136(Dunkelbergei) Militance 67(Parker) NationalAdvisory Committeeon, attitudes of whites toward, 100(E1 and Black youth, 63(Gntber) 24(National) Black, 6filebtileichi, 59(1 omlinson) and personality, 6(Kelley) Negro and white, 38(Baughman) Black power and, 128(Pinderhughes) in Lastern South Dakota, 8(Satierlec) Negro youth and, 44(J ohnson) Bobby Seal and, 8 I( I' reed) and education of the poor, 96(Gould) nonfarm, 139(Mullenax) community healthadvisory groups, ethnicity and, 6(Irelan), 23(Irelan) in Northeast, 54(Gibson) S l(Moore) and family planning, 57(Jaffe) and regional development, 112(11;tnsen) and health care, 5 l(Nloore) focal concerns of, 55(Miller) self-concept of, 65(Wendland) exican-A meneans. 33(Chandler) gang delinquency and, 7(M flier) sociology of, 159(1 nstitute) in Middle Amenea. 116(Rueben) and poverty war strategy, 58(Rainwater) in South, 9(Thomas) and Poor People's Campaign, 5 (Gollin) psychosocial analysis of, 8(S neden) and urban life, 5(1-tiller) in Radical Suburbs, 127(Orr) and public welfare, 92(Jacobs) in U.S., 4(Pord) as social action, 121(Bitensky) slum culture and, 31(Lewis) white Americans among, 3( Bird) as social protest, 66(Crawford) social mobility and, 25(Sneden) youth among, I 39(Roper) understanding, 92(Pindeihughes) sociology and, 3(Arnold) whites look at, 8 [(Good) Powerlessness, 124(Gottesfeld) \funnily groups Public assistance, 3(11aumbeter) Semantics, 4(Demak), 4(Lntwisle), 54(Cohen) in American society, 130(Yinger) Puerto R icans, 39(Cordasco), 1021 Viva), Sex communication behavior of, 3(A napoll 123(Llsbery), 156(J acobs) conception, contraception, and, 20(Talbot) differential attitudes of, 44(Italdwin) in ethnic subcultures, 58(Rosenberg) fear of extennination of, 54(Geokpan) Race andfamilyplanning,128(Polgar), sclf-concept of, 34(1Iale), 34(11ealey) charity, poverty, and, 75(Nelson) 129(Sheppard) in urban nation, 129(Taylor) and class consciousness, 6(11urst) hang-ups, 81(ilernton) Minority manpower. 77(Zimpel), 8611,ielson) experimenter effccts of, 88(Sattler) premarital, I29(Staples) Mobility aspirations. 76(11odge) mental health and, 9(Willie) and racial integration, 99(A !pert) Mobility, social. 137(Jackinan) puLlic housing add, 5(Ford) and racism, 6(11ernton) social effects of, 27(11arris) Social distance scale, 143(Ames) Occu pational achievement, 51Goodw in) social psychology and, 49(B ngliam) Social Security, 113(Schilti) 0,. upa ho nalm ob day.4( Dunkelbergin). and work evaluations. 12(lehlman) Social stratification, 139(Roach) 37(0Kane), 8 I ( Hodge) Racial attitudes of United States' presidents, Status Oral history tradition, 144(11a11) 52(Sink lest consistency of, in rural South, 24(Pelham) Religion discrepancy in, 67(Norris) Personality adjustment, I39(Nelsen) in A incnea, 78(1 kilter) discrepancy in, and prejudice, 102( Freiman) Pollee conversion rates,29(Sales), 139(Sales) and ethnic adolescents, 39(1. tiltz) alienation of, 105(11nbaulti inirusiers, 10601alleY1 frustration in, and Negro youth, 67(Gruber) haidoral sty Ies of. 93t1 ro), lossz) Religious attitudes, 105(Nclson) inconsistencyof, and political involvement, and Blacks. 561Sunple) Repression, 140(Wolfe) 56(Smith) children's perceptions ot, 123(Derbyshire) Riots inconsistencyof, andverticalmobility. community action and, I 23(f Isenberg) as alternatives to violence, 63(hernstem) 137(J ackson) community control of.I 05t Riley I anonymity and expected retaliationfrom, and Negroes, 31(1Vestic) urban ghettoes, 50(1:ahn) 80(Donnerstein) perceptions of, 3(Alexander) s characterisnes of, 139(Rosenthal) and personality adjustment. 8(Scwell, a+tivtun in inn. rity, 74 \idled as civil disorder and official disobedience, socioeconomic correlates of, (a Hodge) alienation and, 66(1 miller), 67(Schulman) I 39(Norris) and stress, 4(Dohremvend) attitudesot dos ngeles Blacksand, in civil disorder indieator studies, 139(Rae) Stereotypes. 135(Bogle) 101Sears) congressional perceptions of, 112(ilitlin) Stratification, 107(Duncan) attitudes toward Watts nols and, 52(Sears) Detroit, 24(Milio), 30(U.S.) B lack, 3(ltaer), 5(1, urniss) , 27( 1. 'short, in ghettos. 6fIlundley) 28(Jaekson). 29(Nass), 53) Bullock) ituddle-elass reactions to, I 07(Jet Tax, negative income, 57(hicome) and children's attuudes, 451Schnepfi Negro opinions about. 29(M e.< ord) 1 rainnig programstotflit.disadvantaged, and civil rights. 30(Rustin) Negro partiejpation in. 301R ansforill 31 Beacham), 37(Quain),39(1' nelson). and class, 36111am ilton) participation in, 27(l'ogelson), 44(1 laming) 45(1,evine) and cynicism, 23(Kenyon) police brutality in, 45(R awe) forad tilts, 32(1) en man),33(Some). ethnic, 135(Allswang) and speed of integration. 144(Erskine) 37(Miller), 37(Roman), 67( Rose) and ideology of common man, 112(1 ant) and student unrest. 41(Nliguel) manpower, I 1(Allerhand) 165

6,7 166/Subject Index

Unemployed in job corps, 122(Carroll) attitudes of, 13(HaU) lower-class, aspirations of, 26(13c11) background 01', 3(Bcacham), I 1(3tacham) low-income, experiences of, 6I (Robinson) itItNitity concept of, 13(Jacobs) male resentment of, 135(Blumenthal) labor mobility of, 13(Ilaywood) and manpower policy, 138(Lampright) public jobs and, 8(No) mate:nalattitudesof,inpovertyarea, workers as, 11(Bakke) 24(North) youth as, 13(11eneman) maternal characteristics of, 8(Nobers) Unemployed, hardeore maternalperceptionsof,and vocational and ghetto subculture, 85(Callender) interests, 44(Keough) effect of training on, 12(Friedlander) Negro matriarchy, 26(B attic) in industry, 37(Padfickl) and Project Head Start, 49(Clarizio) in terna Iorganizationeffectsof, repression of, 53(American) 85(Champagne) self-concept of, on welfare, 18(Bishop) myth and reality about, 86(Ferman) in single-headed households, 24(Parker) problems of, 13(Hardeore) skilledemploymentandpromotionof, work and, 14(Rosen) 138(Lantier) work values of, 12(Goodaie) socialattitudestowardcareersof, world of, 14(Purcell) 11(Auvinen) and tolerance, 102(Weaver) Vagrancy, 159(Baltr) as unmarried mothers, 137(Jones) Violence, 121(Blumenthal), 138(Lconard) aswelfaremothers, 19 (Mihvaukce), Vote, hate, 135(Bagdikian) 61(Podell) and work, history of, 113(Smuts) War on Poverty work :ole of, 39(Entw isle) human experience of, 94(Zurcher) Workingpoor,6(LaBarre),12(Cummings), job training in, 103(Chaiklin) 12(Da,vis), 1S(Skill), 17(Willic) politics of, 109(Knapp) progress of, 44(Johnion), 76(Masse) regional approaches to, 93(Taylor) and taxpayers, 145(Kasper) volunteers in, 121(Back) Welfare accessibility to, SI(Ntoles) adjustment of recipients to, 125(Keller) Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC),8(Sanchez),1S(Solarz), 49(Fournier), 37(Johnson) case ratings in, 93(Serra) characteristics of, 91(Goodman) and civil liberties, 9I(Graham) client attitudes toward, 49(Buchanan) clientandcaseworkercontact in, S l(Pomeroy) and commitment to work, 13(Kaplan) instructional programs about, 53(Bowling) insured recipients and, 16(Wickersham) mothers receiving, 32(Domencich) tnotherseducationand employment on. 4S(Podell) poor's participationin policy making in, SS(O'Dormell) powerlessness and, 67(Leverns). and public employment, 12(Frederickson) reform of, SI(Podell), 71(Barth), 89(Aaron) and Spanish-speaking people, 33(Castro) transferpaymentin, I22(Bridges) unemployment benefits and, 85(Becker) and work, 13(Levitan) working fathers and, 1S(Stone) White-collar workers, 14(Petshek), 29(Petshek) Women anticipatory goal deflection of, 28(Kuvlesky) Black, 30(R cid) education of Black, 9(S tewart) professional Black, 26(Bock) clothing attitudes of, 53(Braguglia) declaration procedure and, 20(Phillips) educational and labor market experience of. 2S(Slica) health care of, SO(Jolly), 56(Triplett) household employment of, SS(Koontz) influence of expert and peer upon, 51(Ross) 166 Author Index

Acton, I lenry J., 89 Athanamou, Robert, 146 Batten, James K., 49 Abbott, David W., So Atkinson, Carolyn 0., 64 Battle, Mark, 26 Aberbaeh, Joel D.. 47, 103 Aulston, Melvin Douglas, 42 Baughman, E. Earl, 38 Abts, Henry W., 85 A umente, Jerome, 89 Baum, 0., 66 Acock. A Ian C.. 143 Austin, David M., 135 Baumheier, Edward C., 3 Adams, Arvil Van. 85 Ausubel, David P., 63 Bawden, D. Lee, 11 Adams. Du iglu S.. 55 Ausubel, Pearl. 63 Baxter, Albert Sidney. 135 Adams. Leonard P.. 75. 109 Auvinen, R., 11 Baxter, George W., 106 Adams. P.L.. 89 Ayers, William, 38 Bayer, Kurt Richard, 18 Adams. Paul L., M.D.. 21 Beacham, Herbert Connester. 3. 11 Adams. W.T. 92 Babbitt, Charles Fibs, in. 42 Beard, Eugene, 121 A Meek, Marilyn. 3 Babshuk, N.. 29 Bearle, Beatrice Bishop, 31 Agar. Michael II., 135 Bachman, Jerald G.. 3 Beck, IL. 71 A hIgren, Robert D., 83 Back, Edith B., 121 Beck, Duane W.. 121 Mishael, 26. 36.53 Back, Kurt, 57, 58 Beck, Katy, 99 Akin, John S.. 71 Back. Kurt W.. 19, 20, 121 Beekenstein, Lewis. 42 Albert, June True, 99 Backer, Thomas1".. 11 Becker, Rev. D isms, 20 A Idridg,:, Delor..r, P.. 42 Backncr, Burton L., 42 13ecker, Joseph M., 85 Alexander, C. Norman. Jr., 3 13ackstrom, Charles II., 143 Becker. Tamar, 135 Alexander, Dennis Clair, 121 Baer, Charles llov,ard, 3 Beiseeker, Thomas D 121 Alexander. Berber* Clarke, 26.42 13aensahlt, Nancy. 139 Beiser, Edward N., 103 A Bert. 1 lizabeth. 80 Bagdikian, Ben FL, 3, 135 Bell, Leland Virgil. 143 A Heger, Daniel 1 ..66 Bahr. llossard M.. 159 Bell, Robert R., 21. 26 Allen. Vernon L.. 3 Bailey, Donald Randall, 106 Bellin, S.S., 53 A Ilerhand. Melvin F I Bailey, Robert Eduard, 3 13ellin, Seymour S., 49 A Ilsykang, John Msers, 135, 143 Baker, Ilerbert Laskey. 38 Belli,. F., 56 A Imam 1 mils. 1113 Bakke.1 . Wight. 11 Belson, William A.. 159 Alpert, Joel J.. 49. 53 Baldwin. Evanell K.. 44 Beni. Daryl J., I l l Alsikatr, M., 85 Ball. Richard A.. 21 Bender. Lloyd D.. 63 Alston, Jon P.. 36, 71. 144 Ballsseg. John A., 3 Benjamin. Jeanette Ann. 3 American Friends Semse Committee. 38. 53 Balmer, Henry Stott. 38 Benjamin, Rommel. 63 Amman Bonk I tonormis Assos ration. 85 Barbaro, Fred, 26 Bennett. Stephen I ad. 71. 103. 1116 American Institute 01Publit.Opinionthe Barber, Ralph W., 99 Bensman, Joseph. 58 (allup Organization. 151 Bahia, Ruth Jean. 106 Bents. W. Kenneth, 54 Amensin Jewishommittee. 3 BarbosaDalsiva. J.I53 Berg, Kenneth R.. 80 Ames. R.G., 143 Barnes. Bernii.e. 53 Berg. Marlowe Jean. 63 Amoss ILL., 89 Barnett. Don C.. 35 Berger, David Garett, 99 A wok \lalthon Milton. 3 Barnett. Jeanne. 26 Berkowitz. Leonard, 145 Anderson, James G.. 18 Barnhill. Howard C.. 8') Berman, Barry I low mu, 26 ntleru)n, Randall. 32 Baron. Reuben M., 121 Berman, Isaac. 89 Anderson. Itonakl, 121 Baron!, Msgr. Geno, 115 Bernard. L. Dianne, 89 A ndrisant. Paul James. 49 Barr. Sherman, 40 Bernard. William S,. 99 Angel. 1 rank, 121 Barron. Milton I eon. 121 Bernstein. Saul. 21. 63 Anspach. Donald 1 139 Barry. LIZ., 11 Bernstein. Victor II.. 26 A ntonovsky. N.. 21 Bake, Geraldine %%burs, 41 Besner, Arthur. 23 Appel. Gars 1 71 Barth, Michael C.. 71 Bettellitam, Bruno, 95.99 Apple. Joe A.. 44 Barton. A nn. 21 Bettsn, Neil. 71 Amino,nthoir. Joseph. 89 Bawl] College. ( enter the Studs it I dun Beta. Ann 11111. 32 Armbruster.rank 1 156 Problems. 18 Dental. Lance Lee. 95 Arnold. David Ossen, 3 Bass, Alan R., 121 Beverly. David 1., 72 Arno Press. 1, it I if, Bass. Willard P.. 32 Ihkr,13.iibara. 121 Aronson. IL. S6 Batten. Barton. Iiiirstine. and Osborn,lm.,135 Pienvenu, Millard J., 121

167 167 I68 /Author Index

Biggane, J.F., 135 Brooke, Joel I 85 Cebotarev,/Fleonora A., 49, 72 Billingsley, Andrea t, 18, 89 Brooks, G tem} ood Cecil, Jr., 80 Chu, MarJai, 136 Bud, Alan R., 3 Broom, L., 27 ChalklirY Harris, 103, 122 Birnbaum, 1 era. 20 Brophy, I.N.. 99 Chan) )(ague, J.E., 36, 85 Bishop. Fdy. in Shen% ood III, 18 Brophy. Jere. 4 Cha 'ellor, Frederick NI alland, Jr., 95 Bishop, G.D., 107 Brener), Bertram S.. 9, 102 Ch miler, Charles Ray, 33 Bitensk}, Reuben, 121 Brim!), Claire, 115 andler, Robert, 122, 143 Blackman, S., 13 Brown. Claude, 4 k haparro, Luis Fernando, 36 Blaine, Harry R., 75 Brown, J.S., 24 // Chapin, Penney. 88 Blake, Robert R., 57 Brown, Robert L.. 33 /Chelfant, 11.P., 90 Blalock, FINI , Jr., 121, 135 Broyles, Don R., 109 1 Chernin, Milton, 73 Blanchard, Erie D., 103 Brubaker, Robert S., II Chileman, Catherine S., 51, 55 Blankenship, Cee Nelson, 121 Bruce, Grad} D., 56 Chin, Robert, 85 Blau stein. Arthur I . ,1 1 I Bryan, C. Hobson, 21 Chossadovsky, Michel John, Ill Blaylock, Jerr} 53 Bryant,.C., 103, 106 Christmas;-June Jackson, 26 Blevinse Audi': Lee, J r.. 4 Bryson, Jean A., 30 Citron, Abraham Frederick, 103 Bloch, 11.D., 80 Buchanan, 0. Lee, 24, 97 Clarizio, Harvey 49 Block, J.R.. 135, 140 Buchanan, Sherman W.. 49 Clark, Chris, 80 Blonsky, SLR., 87 Buck, Mildred Leona Rogers, 38 Clark, Kenneth B., 4, 21, 26, 122 Itloothvorth, Jessie X.. 18 Bugansky, Alex, 99 Clark, Myra Nell Parkerson, 122 Bloom, R., 11 Bullock, Charles S.. 53 Clawson, Edward Clyde, 99 Blum, Sandor 1" ha. 89 Bullock, 11.A., 80 Clegg, Reed K., 72 Blum, Zahn.' D., 8, 56, 89. 113, 159 Bullock, Paul, 21, 122 Clifford, Margaret M., 95 Blume, Frank Reinhart, 121, 143 Bullough, Bonnie, 4, 66 Clift, Virgil A., 95 Blementhal, Stoma D., 43, 121, 133,143 Bureau of Soeial Reward]. iCathohe Unever- Clifton, Char1_,.atesW Hock, F. Wilbur, 26 sit). 36 ...(30..wantrIciZ:rard A., 19. 38, 72, 122, 139 Boesel. Dav id. 46 Bureau of Soda' Soenee Research,r!.13....--x----- Coalition of American Irxhan Citizens, 32 Boettcher, Richard I .. 18 Boiger.11enry G., 32 'CeibliTCharle&W,,, 90 Bogardus. Emory S., 121 Burgess. Margaret !lame. 115 Cobbs, Price M., 5 ' Bogart, Leo, 143 Burke}. Richard Michael, 99 Coe, Rodney M., 54 Boggs, James. 26, 59 Burma. Jose Maria, 33 Cohen, A lana, 122 Bogle. Donald. 135 Byrne. D.. 135 Cohen, Arthur R.. 122 Bohnke, Did Reese. 43 Cohen, Fli. 90 Boichel. Margery R., 103 CabinetCommitteeonOpportunitiesfor Cohen, Elizabeth G., 107 Boman. Charles, 121 Spanish Speaking People. 156 Cohen. Hem}, 136 Boone. It 'timid W.. 21 Cagle. I .T.. 53 Cohen, Nathan, 46, 53 Booz, Allen. 122 Cain, Glen G., 135. 136 Cohen, Robert 11., 72 Caliguri. Joseph P.. 38 Cohen, Rosalie, 54 Boor.11,unilt 1 122 Borden. David. 122 ( anima}, John D.. 122 Cohn. Elehanar, 87 Borgatta. I dgar 1 ., 5 allender,ugene S.. 85 Cole, Mildred W.. 99 Borkan. B., 83 Cameron. P.. 117 Cole, Stewart G., 99 Boroskin. X., 89 ( ampbell, Angus, 80. 106. I 11 Coles, Robert, 4, 21, 26, 38, 54, 99, 103 Borus, LI 1111. Campbell, D.L. 122 Colfax, J. David, 107 Boskin, Joseph, 46, 4 ". 103 Campbell, J., 90 Colho, George D., 159 Boixen, Kerr} A Allan]. 38 ( anipbell. Jay. Jr.: 22 Coll, Blanche D., 136 ltosling. Ge'orge St. ( lair, 53 Campbell, I conard,r., 26 Cone, Royal D., 107, 1 1 1 (toed. Vigl} n A., 66 Campbell. Rex R.. I I Collins, Barry 125 Boiot. R khan! P.. 12 ( ampbell, Wallace, 66 Columlna Journal of Jaw and Social Problems. Brodkin'. Norman 1.. 135. 140 Carlini, Albert IL, 143. 146 136 Bradford, David I cc, 21, 38, 63 Canmell. Zita M.. 95 Coiner, J., 35 Bradley, .1 . 55 Caplan, Gerald, 90 Committee on Housing Research and Devel- Bracer. George. 59 Cappellutto. l'inma 1. opment, 54 Itrager. George Carcagno. George J.. 71 Community Progress, Inc., 12 Itraguglia. %lard} n [hinter. 51 Carklmil, R., 90 Conant, James B., 12 Branch. 1 a} lor, 38 Carney, 1. rank J., 122 Conant, Ralph XV.. 115 Brandes, Paul D.. 122 Canis, Donald. 37 Conlon', J.M., 5.4 Braun, John, 11 ( arpenter. Virginia Fa} I et% is, 21 ( onnery, Robert 46 Bra} boy, Thomas L.. 311 Carroll. Stephen J., 122 Conms, James U., 38 Bro. her. ( harles. III ( arter, Robert D., 9 Cooper, Bonier C., 1 1 I B ree her,all} I61, 89 ( arter, Vert le 1.ee. 95 Cooper, William IL. 21 Bremner. Robert 11htil Carty. right, Dom in. 136 Cordasco, Frank M., 39 Brennan, W.J.. 8') ( arm right. Walter J.. 61, III Cordova, R. Rudy. 95 Briar. Stott, 18, 63 ( an} Ise, Joseph 1 oms, 38 Cornuck, Gerald W.. 139 Brie ken. Ilenr} 1.. 95 ( asaeantes. I'dxv aid, 83 Cornell University. Library of the School Bridges. Benjamin, Jr.. 122 Cason, D., 122 Industrial and Labor Relations, 151 Itncland. Donald 26 ( assell, 1' rank IL. 85 Corona, Bert, 33 Brigham, John ( ark 47.49, 9'), 106. 1 II, 147 ( assid}, Susan. 18 Corrigan. Francis Vincent, 12 Brill, Naomi I., 122 ( astles. 1., 92 ( oser, I eis. 122 Brill, Norman (3., 44, 4!, ( astro. (lemcntina, 31 ( oseboom. Kathy. 107 Itnni. Orville Gilbert, Jr (weaker,1- wren I , 53 ( othranO,C., 99 Brink, VX Ilium J26, 11)6 Cattom William. III ( ottle, Thomas J., 19 Brock, 1 'moth} M., 124 ( amid!. Harr} 1.. 4 Conned of the Southern Mountains, Inc.. 156 Brody, stank} J.. 49 ( avanach. Gerald Front is.j I ( ocean. James R.. 16 168 Author Index/169

raddo,.k. George W., 123 Dixon, Clarence Curtis, 39 Ellis, Riehart! R., 95 Craig. (.;:egory W., 4 Di/art], Jan E.. 12. 22, 47 Ellison, Ralph, 4 Craig, Jimmie Merle, 123 'Dodder, Richard A.. 57 Elman, Richard M., 19, 72 Cram, Robert L., 26 Dodson, Jerry Paul, 123 Elsbery, James William, 123 Crampton. Helen M., 72 Dohrenwend, Bruce P.. 4 Vare. 156 Crane. Donald Paul. 2 Domendeli, Loretta, 32 es, M.P., 124 Crawford, T.. 66 Donahue, Elayne Meyer, 39 Engel, Madeline Helena, 4 Creedon, Carol ., 5 Donnerstein, Edward, 80 English, R. William, 90 Crcspi, Irving, 145 Donohew, Lewis, 123 English, Walter H., 27 Crotty, William J.. 144 Dolman, Patricia McLain, 90 Engstrom, R.L., 104, 107 Cross, Wayman L. 12I Dorsett, Herman Willington, 27 Enneis, 46 Crosse, Dallas Randall. 115 Dowd, Donald Jerome, 22 Ennis, Ronald Frederick, 27 Crowell, Elizabeth, 99 Dowling, John II., 32 Entwisle, Doris R., 4, 39 Crowell, Lester James, Jr.. 136 Downing, Lewis Jackon, 32 Epps, Edgar G., 4, 22, 95 Crow!, Thomas Kenneth, 95 Downs, Anthony, 103, 123 Epstein, Irwin, 90 Cruickshank. William M.. 96 Dozier, Gerterlyn, 124 Erickson, Ed sel L., 39 Cuellar, Alfredo, 83 Draper, Jean EZ-136 Erikson, Kai T., 136 Cummings. Laurie D.. 12, 36 ,Dreger, Ralph Mason, 27, 29, 157 Erickson, Rosemary J., 49 Curtis. kienard I99, 137 Dressel, P.L., 123 Erlanger, Howard S., 54 Curtis, Russell I.., Jr.. 78 Drinan, Robert F.. 109 Erskine, IL, 144 Cutting, Allan R.. 123 rotning, John E., 86, 90 Ervin, James Elbert, 43 Cypert, Kenneth Eugene, 115 Drymon, Ben Jay, 39 Escoffery, Aubrey Spencer, 22 Dubey, Suniati Narain, 66 Estes, Jack Richard, 104 Dahlstrom, W Grant, 38 Dugan, Dennis J., 111 Evans, Charles Lee, 39, 115 Dailey, CA.. 99 Dugas, Edmond A., 136 Evans, James Leroy, 83 Dailey, Charles ., 123 Dumas. Rhetaygh, 42 Evans, Ross A., 96 Danahy, Ann Hechter, 123 Dummert, C.O., 90, 123 Everson, R.W., 112 Daniel, Jack Lee, 90 Dunbar, Anthony, 4 Ewen, Robert B., 13 Daniel, Johnnie, 26 Dunbar, Leslie W., 22 Ewens, William Lee, 144 Daniels. Roger. 99 Duncan, Beverly, 22, 107 Ewing, Doris,Yvonne, 90 Data and Computation Center for the Social Duncan, Kunigunde, 19 Soences. The University of Wisconsin, 149 Duncan, Otis Dudley, 22, 107 Pabrega, Horacio, Jr.. 54 Davidson. Chandler, 83 Duncan, Ron, 123 Eager, Charles E., 80 Davis. Angela, 22 Dunkelberger, John F., 4, 12, 44, 136 Fallows, Marjorie, 34 Davis. Claud Neal, 54 Dunmeyer, Arthur. 4 Fantini, Mario, 104 Davis, E an F., 12, 100, 123 Durkin, Roderick, 22 Farias, Elector, Jr., 34 Davis. James C., I 1 I Durman, Eugene, 72 Farrell, Gregory, 22 Dasis, James IL. 118 Duva. Nicholas Anthony, 39 Easick, Frank, 4 Dasses. Robyn M., 144 Duval. William Francis, 66 Fawcett. James T., 57 Danis, Rene V.. 13 Dworkin, Anthony G., 33 eagin, Joe R., 32, 46, 50, 72, 112 Day. Dated F 123 Dworkin, Anthony Gary, 100 Feather, N.T.. 136 Dean, John P., 123 Dyer, Henry S., 39 eatherman, David L., 22 Dean, K. Imogene. 71 Feinberg. Lawrence 13., 90 Dean, T., 83 dEarnest, Carol Wayne, 123 Feldman, J., 16, 25, 65, 81 DeBlassie, Richard R.. 4 Eaton. Joseph W.. 4. 112 Feldman, Jack M., 12 De lord. Larry W ilham. 22, 39 bbtsen, Ebbe 13., 131 Feldman, Roy E., 123 Detker. Robert 1 ee. 12 Ebralnmi, Fred, 5 Feldstein, Stanley, 100 low Roger, 85 Eby, CF., 50 Pelson, Marcus, 124 Dn.! Eltur, Melv in I ., 143 Edelson, Joanne Marcia. 80 Eendrich, James Mas, 104 DeJonf, Gordon I57 Eden, D.. 87 Ferguson, Edward T., 96 DelbeLq. kndre. 109, 125 Edgar, Richard Eugene, 72 Ferman, Louis A., 14, 26, 36, 53, 54, 86 I)emak. Leonard Sidney, 4 Edgerton, J. Wilbert, 54 Ferry, W.II., 124 Demos, George , 31, 44 Edgerton, R.B., 34 Pit:liter. Joseph II., 78, 117 Denhardt, Robert 13_ 39 Edgley, Charles K., 61 Eiddmont, Norman S., 39 Deninan. Mine Smith, 12 Idwards, Allen Louis. 144 Pine, B.C., 37 Denman, Clayton Charlton. 32, 121 Edwards. C.D.. 130 inifter, Ada W., 66 Dennis, Lloyd B..90 1dw irds.07/1e 1., 103 Einkelmeier, Robert Louis, 86 Dentler. Robert 1., 3, 54, 115. 116 I. ffrit. Andrew, 123 Finn, L., 91 Derbyshire, 121 1 'cher, Benjamin Keith, 39 Fimie, Delmar Walter, 39 Deslonde. lamest tuns III, 47 I. idson, Bettye Kirkpatrick, 86 Fischer, Claude S., 100 De:Ay:h.( v mina P., 95 I. Isenberg, Terry, 90. 123 Fisher, A.D.. 32 Deuts...11.1 B.. Ion Ekstrom, ('harks Arthur, 72 Fisher, David L., 39 Deutsch. %Iartin. Ham. Ada Maria. 123 Fisher, Prank L., 124 Deat-.4 h. Steven I86 Elder, GM., 22 Fisher, James Adolphus, 27 Deuts,_ her, I., 53 Elder, Glen II., Jr.. 47 Fisher, James Edward, 115 Deuts, ier. Irwin. 121, 144 Elenev.xki, I. Toni Margulies, 123 Fishman, Joshua Aaron. 98 Dichter Ernest, 121 Elcsh, David, 129 ..kishman, R.U., 112 Dickson. s. 54 E hnson. Howard Stephen. 36. 104 risk University. Social Science Institute, 49, 81 Diener, Russs II Edward, 39 95 hnson, J., 54 Fitzgerald, Doris 13., 22 Ulllar J, 1.1 27 Aling, Ray II., 106 FiGgpatrick, Joseph P., 83 Danock, I dinund, 95 Elliott, David Henry. 95 Pau10., 75, 136 Dinsvoodie, Adelaide 72 'Ills. Elinor Vivian Wall, 3(3 Flaming, Karl II., 44 Dippic, Brian William, it i Judith, 100, 104 F landers, John N., 96

169 1741; Author !ride \

Flaxman, Isru in, 91 Geiger, 11. Jack, 50 Graff, Harold, 100 Fleming, Harold C., 22 Geismar. Ludwig L.. 5. 50 Graham. James, 112, 117 Fletcher. Arthur. 76 Gelber, Steven Michael. 86 Graham, James J., 91 blood, Laurence Gans. 54 Gengel, Roy Werner. 124 Grant. Carl A., 40 1.1oreme Heller Graduate School for .1441anseti George, I- lasdllall. 5 Grant, Daniel R.. 136 Studies in Socialeitare, 149 George, Georgia. 32 Grant. Morris L., 66 Fiore., Juan Modesto, 34 George. Lours Y., 123 Grams, Jack, 124 Flynn. Gerald Peter, 4 George, William Bert, 124 Graves, Theodore D., 32 ogelson. Robert M., 27 Gerber. David Allison. 100 Gray, Gary (ark, 40 Foley, Eugene P.. 22 Glammeeolo, J.S.. Jr., 89 Grebler, Leo, 34 Foltman, F.E., 9 Gibson. E.K., 136 Greeley, Andrew M., 36, 137 Forbes, Jack D.. 100 Gibson. William M.. 54 Green, James Alan, 81, 112, 144 Ford, Thomas R.. 4 Gift, Mack Dee, 47 Green. Robert L.. 96 \ Ford, Winfield Scott. Jr.. 5 Gilbert. Jerome IL, 124 Green, Swayzer, 3 Forest, Laverne PraL:e, 136 Gilbert. Neil. 112 Green, Virginia I.ee Pearce, 96 orguson, Ronald Else!. 96 Gilchrist, Virginia. 21 Greenberg, Edward S., 63 Form, Witham IL, 14. 22. 139 Gilliland, High Robert, 104 Greenberg, J.W., 22 Fosen, Robert 11..90. 123 Ginzberg, Elk 27, 86, 124 Greenberg, Samuel. 49 Foster, Granville James III, 72 Gnwannom, Jeanne M.. 5. 18 Greenberg, Selig. 22 Fortier, Myron D., 86. 90 Gnome% Joyce Kaufman, 96 Greenberg, Stanley B.. 137 Fournier. Mildred. 49 Gn tell. Marilyn, 104 Greenberg, Stuart, 12 Fouler. David IL, 10 0 Gwen, Charles W.. 86 Greenberger, Ellen, 39 B illy Reed. 5 Givens, Henry, Jr., 40 Greenleigh, A., 22 Pot. D.J., 59 Gladu in. Thomas, 76. 104, 107 Greenleigh Associates. Inc., 5. 12, 22, 40, 124 Francis, V. 91 Glaser. P., 58 Greenstone, David, 112 Frankel. Marini 1.. 9 1 Glass, David C.. 53 Greenwald, Anthony G., 124 Franklin. David S.. 50 Glasser. Lois N.. 136 Greenwood, Elizabeth. 18 Franklin. John flop,:. Glasser. P.11.. 3 Gregor. A. James, 27 Fredericks, NIA.. 9I. Glasser. Paul IL, 136 Grier. William IL, 5 rederick.on. KG_ I 2 Glazer, Nathan. 112. 124, 136 Griffin. J ack Leo. 115. 124 Fredrickson, George '11 27 Glazer. Nona Y.. 5 Grigsby. S.E., 56 Free. Lloyd. 146 Glenn. Norval 0., 27.36, 144 Grimm, James W., 76, 98 Freed. Donald, 81 Glickman. Albert S.. 90. 123 Grimshaw, Allen Day, 46, 47. 100 Freedman. \le\ S.. 22. 112 Clock. Charles Y.. 100 Grinstead, Darrel J.. 78 Freiman. Donald. 81 Goaro., J.S., 91 Groat, George Gorham. 137 French, V.0.. 109 Godbold. Donald Horace. 40 Gross, Bertram M., 5 1.ml:int!. Kenneth Lee, 117 Gockpan, Grace Sease, 54 Gross, Peter. 107 reyberg.J.T.. 124 Georg', Norman John. 40 Grosser. Charles F.. 22, 91 Fried. Mars, 5, 36 Go :: ^g.. John M.. 54, 124 Grossman. Joel Stephen. 112 Fnedenherg. I dgar S136. 144 Goffman, Prying. M.D., 100 Grubb., Donald II_ 22 I riedland William IL, 5 Gold, Delores, 124 Grubbs, J.P., 62 Friedlander, Frank. 12 Gold. Low, II.. 80 Gruber, Murray. 27, 63, 67 nedman. ril Robert. 4 Goldberg, Herbert, 91 Gutenberg. Barry., 48 nedman. DB., 62 Goldberg. Miriam L.. 96 Grunig. James E.. 107. 109. 144 Friedman. Laurence \1.. 19 Goldblatt. !tarok!, 411. 98 Guillory, Ferrel. 27. 47 Trust, Olivia Plea,ant.. 12 Goldenberg. Irene Fein.tein, 5 Gulledge, Z.L., 91 Frumkin. Robert M.. 41 Goldin. George J.. 124 Gulliksen, Dorothy P.. 137 uels. Victor R., 11)9 Cioklman, M.. 103. 1116 Guild:sem Harold. 137 Varden, 5 Goldman, 40 Gumper. David C.. 96 Full/. Jane Nakano. 39 Goldner. Norman Sul, 1111 Gundlaek, R.II.. 81 hunt... George Mart in. 5 Goldsen, Rose K.. 31 Gurin, Gerald, 12. 61. 63. 86, 137 Fur.tenburg, Frank I., Jr., 57 Gokl.tem, Bernard. 5 Gutman, Fnimanuel. 86 ry, JainesScott. 43 Goldstein. Marvin. 100 Guttenlag, Maria. 5 Gold.tein, Naomi Friedman, 100 Guttmacher, Alan ! 128 Gagnon, John IL, 37 Goldthorpe, John II_ 36, 136 Gutt maeher. S., 54 Galley. Phil. 4 3 Guilin. Albert 5 GtiZman, Ralph. 139 Gait/. ( harles Al_ 83 Gomberg, William. 8. 105 Galenum,11 alter, 76 Gonzalez, Nam. ie. 34 Ilaisbe, Stephen, 86 (:all,her, Martin Paul. 57 Good. Paul, 81, 109 Halter, Alan, 54 Gallo, Patrick. J., 66 Coodale. J .unes G.. 12 Hadden, Jeffrey K.. 5 Gallus% a), 50 Goode. Brian Fmk, 117 Hadley, Herschel N.. 85 Gallup. George Horace. 144 Goodman. Leonard. 12. 91 Hahn. Harlan. 46. 47. 50. 112 Gallup Opinion hides, 27 Goods. am I canard, 5. 76 Haile. Allen Cleveland, 124 Gan,. Iletberi j, 81, 104,16 Goodwin. ALS_ 124 Ilakel, M.D.. 86 Gardner. I.Jr.. 1113. 106 Goody. in. T.( 12.1 Hale. James Michael, 34 Garlinkel.161. in. 71 Gordon, D.N., 66 Hall. Burins, Jr.. 115 Garratt, John. 44 Gordon. klmund W., 124 hall. Donald Joe, 115 Oartrisa. Alan 91 Goshn. David A.. 5. 156 Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd, 144 Garza. Joseph Al . 22 tiotle,leld, Harry, 124 1E111, John Adis. 13 Ga... Gertrude Amin, Ili Gottlieb. David. 22, 54. 61 !fall. Oliver Milton. 13 -flash!, Rasmond D., Gould. Nathan. 96 Hallaltan, Michael Francis. 63 Gaston. Joseph Aleander, 27 Goo.. Kathleen M.. 124 Halle, Robert Andre. 115 Geier 11.1; 1 Grz, pa George J., 14 Haller. Archibald 0 8

170 Author IndeV171

amersrna, Richard John, 144 Hewitt, John Paul, 137 Institutefor Soda! Reward]. University of f I anul, Thomas Arthur, 112 Ileyer, Claude Herbert, 32 Michigan, 86, 149 I lamilton, Lawrence S., 124 Ileyer, Robert J., 100 Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations, The Ilannlion, Richard F., 36 Hicks, Leo Barron, Sr., 125 University of Michiganayne State Univer- !almond. Boone Fdssard, 59 Charles U., 104 sity, 86 Handler. Joel I ., 19, 61, 72 Iliginan, Howard, 92 Institute of Welfare Research, 149 Handler, June Moss, 124 Ifilborn, John Richard. 92 International DataLibraryandReference Flannerz, Ulf. 27 Hill, Adelaide Cromwell, 57 Service, ISO I ansen, Niles M 112 11111, Robert B., 27 relan, Lola M., 6, 23 I lansen, W. Lee, 40 1011, Rueben, 19.57 Irwin, Kate, 125 Hanson. Diane, 91 Ilimelhoch. Jerome, 100 sajiw, Wsevolod W.. 54 Hanson, Lone, 83 R.11., 43 a Israil, Benjamin Lewis, 96 Flarasymiss,Stefan Jaroslaw, 100 Hines, Ralph II.. 44 Harding, John, 81, 100 Rippler, Arthur E., 84 Jackman, Mary R., 137 Flank, Robert IL, 125 Iljelmseth, Donald E.. 96 Jackman. Mary Ruth Rebecca,10 1 Hare, A. Paul. 159 Hodge, Robert W., 6, 76, 81 Jackson, Elton F., 99, 137 Flaring, Ardyce Elaine. 125 Hodge, William II., 32 Jackson, John Samuel I II, 18 limn, Norris G., 96 Hoffman, Donald !feller, 125 Jackson, Willie Fred, 6, 64 flarkay y, Oscar. 57 Hogrefe, R., 100 Jacob, Herbert, 44,55 Harkins. Arthur M.. 4. 32.43, 67, 91 Ilogrefe, Russell, 81 Jaeobelli, John Louis. 86 Flamed, Roger James. 115 Ilokley, Raytha, I.., 117 Jacobs, Daniel, 55 /Lure, Romano. 137 Holder, A.. 92 Jacobs, Frederic, 51 I arrtngton, Michael. 5. 137 Holland, Robert Fount, 81, 125 Jacobs, Glenn, 92 Hams, Edward F., 27 Ilollingshead, A.. 56 Jacobs, Paul. 6, 13, 104 Harris, Elizabeth, 91 Hollingsworth, Ellen Jane, 19. 61 Jacobson, Cardcll Klame, 40 Harris, Fred R., 6 Hollister, C. David, 6,44 Jacobson, Julius, 28 Harris. Helena, 54. 64 Holmes, Fred Edward, 100 Jacobson, Lenore, 97 Harris. Larry, 50 llolstege, Henry, Jr., 125 Jacobson, Sally. 37 Harris. Louis, 26, 27. 106 Iloltzman, Shirley Jo, 43, 137 Jaffee, Cabot L., 30 Louis Hams and Associates. Inc., 151 Hong. Sung Chick, 104, 107 Jaffe, F.S., 57 Harrison, LC.. 13 !food, Elizabeth Flemister, 40 Jaffe. Frederick S., 57 flanoter, May J., 33 Ilopkins. Thomas J.. 28 James, Bernard J., 139 Hartman, Chester W.. IOU Horowit7, Eugene Leonard, 81 James, Dorothy Button. 96 Hartmann. Norbert 1., 54 Horton, J., 67 James, Doyle Hill, I2S Harvey, WM,. 16 !Enron, John, 6 James. G.A., 136 I latcher. Richard, 13 !looms, James William. 28 Janowitz, Morris, 99, 109 Harshen, Shirley. 30 Houchins, Wayne LaDean, 101 Jeffers, Camille, 6, 55 Harry, Flury P., 146 Housman, Leonard J.. 109 Jeffries. Vincent, 105, 107 Hauck. kk Mani Charles. 32 Howard, David 28, 31, 102 Jeffries. Vincent John. 81 Fliselock, Ronald G., 144 Iltmard J., 29 Jencks, Christopher, 40 Flayentan, Robert IL, 76. 117 Howard, Perry II., 138 Jessor. R., 64 Ilawksps. I aw rem e 41i !fosse. Irving. 36. 54, 78 Jew, Wing. 125 flavley, Amos IL. 131 !lime, Louise Kapp, 36 Jewish Employment and Voational Service, 13 I layes, A nnarnane Gillespie. 43 llolarell, Wayne Keeney. 112 Jimenez. Gus Richard. 40 Hayes, Mane rherese. 125 Iluelsman. Ben R., 40 John R, Kraft. Int., 28 'Lone,. \l. \.. 125 Hughes. David N.. 87 Johns, Daniel Jay. 43 I las wood. hark. I.. 13 Ilughes. Graham, 23 Johnson, Betty. 57 Head Ktrplra II146 Huhn. Charles L., 146 Johnson. Bill Lesko, 32 ilson. 23 Human Interaction Research Institute, 137 Johnson. Charles S.. 44 Johnson. Mrs. Charles W., 19 Ila*. (IX!.William. 14 Human Resources Administration. 109 Gary W..4 / lumphrey. Craig R., 131 Johnson, Clara I uncetord. 67 124 I1 Ilundley, James R., Jr 6 Johnson. D.W.. 82, I04, 107, 126 FL.delzard, James. 55 Hunt. Barbara Brunner. 125 Johnson. 1.1.1v. ard I ledgebeth, J IMO I dear. 125 Hunt. David I 125 Johnson, Frank. 67 !letterman. Al Jun.,: I rant is. 4u Hunter, R. her). 92 Jihrhon, G. Orville. 96 Ilene:man, Joseph. Jr.. 72.91 Hum h. Gerald D 143 Johnson. lioness 16.44 fledbroner. Robert I .. 1114, 112, 125 Ilurst, Charles I Johnson. Helen I 28 Ilonz, Anne Murray. 125 I ItiLlieson. John D,. 81 Johnson. J,. 40 Floss, Jerold, 21, 2i Hyman, Her6ert IL. 112, 115. 116. 125 Johnson. Jeltaly n 'Lunette. 2% I ItImrei, ilbam !hum., 6 i4 Johnson. Jesse .1. 2X I lerderson, (;;oree, 40, xl Johnson. Kenneth K., 107 Henderson. Mark D. 23 latobell6 John I_ 86 Johnson. Richard M.. 51 1 kWh'ks, G ars 6 Imparato, NiLholas, 11 Johnson. I homas Arthur. 137 Ilendrie. !Nell t ., 91 Indrk. Bernard P. 74 Johnson, William 11 flerw man. Herbert G Jr13 I nger. Mt.rton. 116 Jolly. C.. 50 flenne'ssy. hornard ., 144 Inglis. Brian. 92 Jonas. S.. 59 HenryJules, 54 hester A.. 125 Jones.6.Brian. 41 Ilensle, James. 67 nncrsity onsortium forPolit6..11 Re- .res. Herne. 104 Homan, %lets in, 61. 64 ward]. 150, 156 Jones. James ,. 33 Ilcmton.f 6, 81 I n.ditutr: for 1 0 al Sell Government. 37 ,14,ne,.. James ( harks. 41 Iler.ev, John, 125 Institute for Research in Sot LAI Jones. James M., 1111 Jones. John I (Jitney, 125 Herzog.lizabetti, 76 '8 '41I04 vastly ofortharolinst. 149 t Ptillat4 Institute for Rural Am:ma, I C9 Jones. Wt. .. 117 171 172/A10110 r I lide

Jordan. Garland, 16 Knoll. Erwin, 94 Legler, D.W., 55 Jordan, U.B., 59 'Knowles. Louts L., 107 Lehmann, I.J., 123 Jordan, \Vintltrop D., SI Kobrak, Peter, 86 Leiby, J., 92 Jorgensen. Gary Q.. 50 Kogan,-1.-.7V.;-81 Leila, Ivor, 126 Joseph. Young, 32 Kohn. Mcivin L., 23 Lemberg Center for the Study of Violence, 28 Kohrs; E.V., 23 Lennon, EL. 91 Kaalberg, Sister Ramona M.. 81 Kohn, Richard, 61, 159 Leonard, Etta and A., 138 Kaduslon, Charles, 104, 137 Kolodny, Robert, 55 Leonard, Frank, 75 Kahn, Heiman 61 Komisar, Lucy, 19 Leonard, Olen F., 34 Kahn, Kathy, 6 Koontz, Elizabeth Duncan, 55 Lerman, Judith, 18 Kahn, lessing Anthony. 81 Koos, Earl L., 6 Lerner, Barbara, 126 Kaitz, Eduard M., 125 Korman, Abraham K.P13 Lerner, Melvin J.. 76 Kallen, David J., 72 Kornbluh, Joyce L.. 54 Lesliner, S.S., 13 Kande'', A lux Susan. 23, 31, 64 Korscb.13..M.. 91 Lesliner, Saul S., 126 Kaplan, Ii, Roy, 13 Kosa, John, 76 Les sing, Elise F.. 41 Kaplan, Harold I- 125 Kotz, Nick, 36 Levenc, Helene. 67. 126 Kaplan, John, 28 Kramer, Bernard M., 4, 102 Lever, Michael, 28 Kaplan, R.S1., 40 Krainni, Elizabeth R., 50 Levey, Leo, 138 Kaplan, Sidney J. 109, 125 Kranz, Stows Murray, 92 Levin, Joan, 5 Kaptan, Saitn, 96 Kranz, P.L., 92 Levine, Abraham S., 45, 87 Karno, AL, 34 Krevaniek, Frank W.. 82 Levine, Daniel U., 38, 39, 40 Kasper, IL, 145 Kriesberg, Louis, 6, 49 Levine, Felice J., 55 Katona, George, 131. 158 Kratilla, John V., 137 Levine, L.S.. 104, 107 Katz, A rthur, 137 Kupke, Darold George, 117 Levine, Louis, 138 Katz, Haney, 137 Kurakawa. M., 47 Levine, Naomi, 82 Katz. I rain. 4 0 Kurtz, 11.A.. 90 Levine, Robert A., 23 Katz, P.A., 40 Kutner, Bernard, 101, 107 Levine, U.J., 87 Katie !, Ray mond A.. 13 Kuvlesky, William P., 23, 28, 55, 64, 138 Levinger, George, 145 Kaufman. Jacobi., 96 Levitan.Sar A., 13, 37 Kavaraccus, William C.. 28 LaBarre, Maurine, 6 Levitin, T., 87 Kearney. Nancy Lillian Shoemaker, 125 LaBelle, Thomas Jeffrey, 40 Levitin, Teresa. 37 Keiser, Kenneth K., 72 Labovitz, Sherman, 8I Levy, R.C.. 41 Keith, P.M.. 92 Lachat, Mary A nil. 107 Levy. Sheldon, 115 Keller, R.N., 125 Lachman, Sheldon L., 28 Lewis. Charles Edward, 29 Keller, Suzanne I_ 6 Ladd, Florence C., 64 Lewis. I lykin, 92, 1 12 Kelley, Pkanor,\..4tt L afev re, Carol...4 0 Lewis. Morgan V.. 87, 96 Kelley. AlaryorG.. 6 Lamb, \V. Curtis. 50 Louis, Oscar, 6, 31 Kellogg, Peter John, 107 Lambright, W. Henry, 138 1 :wk. Ralph. 115 Kellstedt. Ly man A.. "3 Lammers. Donald Milton, 32 Laats, Ralph G.. 12o Kelly, Fugene A.. 19 Lampinan, Robert J.. 73 Lewis, William C., 126 Kelly, James G 145 Landau, Saul. 156 Lieberman, L.. 138 fhornas James, 107 Lander, I3.G., 112 Liebovv, Elliot, 7, 13 Kendall. 1 orne M.. 146 Landrum, John WI111.1111, 126 Likert. It ensis, 145 Kenig, Lana, 100 Lane. Paul A,, 126 !Alien fel& D., 55 Kennedy. A lbert 68 I anc. Robert P.. 36, 112, 145 Lincoln, Alan, 145 Kent, Donald P., 49, 137 Lang. G lady s F.. 116 Lind, Marshall Lee, 96 Kenyon, S.L. 21 Lang, Harold Wendell, 6 Lindaman, l ranch ( .. 50 Keough, Sister M. Adrienne, 44 Langley, Elizabeth G., Lindsley, Byron Ir., 138 Keyes. Joan. 23 Langner, Thomas S., 6 I Inn, I C.3 Kidder. Ae I .. 36 Lansing, John B.. 6, 44, 145 Linn, Laurence S., 50, 101 Kidder, Da% id I .. 16 Lantier. Francorse, 138 I ipsct. Seymour Martin. 108 Kiesler. ( Bark, N., 125 LaPiere. R iehard T.. 101 Lipsitz, L. 37 Kilguss. Anne I61, 89 Larkin. Paul G., 9 Lipsky, Michael. 23. 46 Killian, Lear. M.,,81 Lanier, Jreniy. 46, 55, 78 Lipsky, David 13., 86, 90 Kim, Kvsang !loon, 6 Iarson. R.G.. 92, 126 Lish, Gordon, 126 Kimmel. Paul R.. 35 - Lasker. Bruno, SO Litcher, John I lannibaL 82. 126 Kmg. lbert S.. 83 Lasson, Kenneth, 36 Litro, Robert I. rank. 55 King, D.C., 36 1 auderman. William Clarense, 96 Littig, Laurence \V 29 King, Gary W 49, 72 Lauer, Robert II.. 104 Laringston, Samuel A.. 126 King. C6 I aughery. Wayne W.. 126 Lockard, Duane. 138 King, Kav I rano,. ')t) I atimann. Eduard 0.. 117 Locki,vood, Jane Durand, 64 Kinnick. 126 Lawlis. Garland Drank, 13, 45, 50 London, ILI I., 87. 138 Kinnik,13ernard t onadd, 125 I au ton. M. Powell, 138 Long, Ruth, 45 Kirtland, Gray son. 117 Lazar, Irving, 126 Long, Samuel, 45 K ntleson, Ilimard \L. 126 I eague of Women Voters of the United States, Loom, Richard, 7 Kleg, Milton, i 2n 45 Lopate, Carol, 23 Kkincr, Robert J.. 8, 24, 29, h7 1cony, William IL. III Lorenz, Gerda, 23 Kline. I aa rent e Y., 3 I edrnika, James, 60 k Ilial. David, 138 Klinger, Allred D. h I cc, Allred, 138 Luby, Llhot D.. 55 Klitgaard, Robert 107 I ex. Stephen Dennis, 92 Lueptow, Lloyd 13..7 Kless Robert AL, 138 I ees. Hannah. 57 Lukoff, living F., 55 Knapp, Daniel I co, 109 I triton, %lark. 23 Lundell, I .W., 125 Knight. Jame, Henn. 21, 28 I eggett, John ( 23, 17 Lundgren, F anI 136 172 Author Index/173

Lurie. Irene. 76 Marshall. Dale Rogers, 127 Minueh'n, Salvador. 7, 127 Luthans, red, 92 Marshall. Douglae G.. 23 M her, Thad, 76 Luttbeg, Norman R.. 145 Marshall, F. Ray. 34 MissouriUniversityAgricultural Experiment Lyford, Joseph P., 7. 45.59 Marshall, 1 erry. 23 Station, 14 Lyman. Elizabeth L.. 13. 37 \Latin, David Standish, 84 M Rebell, David F., 5 7 Lynton, Edith, 137 Martin, Dorothy Wohrna, 4I Mitchell, George, 64 Lyons. Schley R.. 23, SS Martin, J.P.. 91 Mitchell, Lonnie E., 127 Lystad, Mary IL. 104. 159 Martin, James G., 101 'Mitchell, Robert Edward, 127, 138 Martin, John lleury, 96 Mizruehi, Ephraim llarold, 24, 67 McAdoo, Harriette A nn, 4 I Martineau, William Henry, 67 Moffitt, Alan R., 7 McAdoo. John Lewis, 41 Maruyana, M.. 64 Moles, Oliver. 51 Maearov, David. 13, 75 Marwick, David. 13 Moles. Oliver C., 6 Macaulay. Jacqueline. 145 MarN, Gary 1 rade, 29 Mondale, Walter E., 7 tIcAvoy, Paul R ayle, 50 MassachusettsCorrectionalInstitution Moody, Charles David, 105 McCall. George J.. 138 (Norfolk), 2S Mooney, J.D., 7 McCauley, Margaret A.. 31 Massachusetts Home Economics Association, Moore, Douglas Cameron, 127 McConahay, John B., 46 112 Moore, Joan W., 83, 139 McConkey, Clarence, 47 Masse, Benjamin L., 76 Moore. John Leslie, 33 McCord, W., 29. 46 Mathieson, Moira B., 64. 97 Moore, M.L., 5I McCormack. James J., 138 Mathis. Arthur Lee, 29 Moreno, Marguerite Cusack. 41 McCornuck. \LE, 7 Matthews. Arthur R.. Jr., 104 Moretz, Walter Jennings. Jr., 7 McCoy. Donald R., 138 Matthews. Donald R.. 29 Morgan, B.S., 87 McCoy. John L., 3 Matthies, Bernard Dean. 32 Morgan, Carolyn A.. 66 McCrory, John 13.. 107 Mattiek, IlansW., 122 Morgan. DA., S9 McDaniel, P.A., 29 Mattick, Ilse, 7 Morgan, Edward P., 101 McDiarmid, Garnet, 101 Matiss, Armand I., 117 Morgan. James M.. 44 McGill. Eche ard L.. 112 Maxwel, John Charles, 73 Morgan, James N., 139, 158 N1cDonagh, Edward,C., 34 May, Edgar, 19 Morisey, Patricia Garland, 78 McDonald, A rehie Donald. 73 Mayer, John E., 50 Morris, Joseph, 41 McDonald, Nancy E.. 21 Mayerson, Charlotte Leon, 24, 31 Morris, M.J., 91 N1cDonald, Timothy R., 43 Mayeskc, George \V., 138 Morris, Richard, 10S, 107 McDowell, Sophia I.., 64 Mayhall, C.W., SS Morris. Richard T., 139 McElroy. James Lee. 41 Maypole, Donald, 49 Morrison, Denton E., SS 1cCdainery, Donald C., 116 Mead. Margaret, 109 Morrison, James IL, 92 McIntyre, Jennie. 91 Meier, A., SS Morton. LE., 14 \lack. Raymond, 101 Meter, August. 24 Mosley. Doris Yvonne. 105 McKelvey. Troy V.. SO Meier. Deborah. 45, 97 Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 14, 112 Maekler, Bernard. 39, 136 Mei& John. 7. 97 Mueller. B. leant, 139 George. 107 Mebilaii, Clara Rachel. 7 Mueller, Eva, 73 McNeil. Elton B.. 138 Melville, Robert S.. 41 Muir, Donald F.. 116 \l Nickles D'Arey. 24 Mencher, Samuel. 73 Mullen. Thomas1., 1(15 McPartland. Janes. 42 Mendelsohn, Harold. I4S Mullenax, Foster G., 139 Madden. Lo'scll I. (heard. 126 Merrifiekl. A leanor. 138 Mulligan. Raymond A., 113 Maga. Richard. 104 Merton, Robert K., 14. 117 Mullins, Martha. SS Mager. Robert E., S9 \testae. Leonard Joseph. 97 Mulvey, Susan A., 11 Major, C larence. 82 Meyer. floward Edward. 105 Mundy. I'., 91 Makot sky, 1 imise R., 49 Meyerson. Martin, 112 Munoz, Leo, 34 Maldonado. Bonnie Buckley. ;4 Mcw,Sheda Mayers, 127 Murphy, John C.. 1 17 Maldonado - Denis, Manuel, 31 Michigan AdvisoryCouncilforVocational Murphy, John Gerald. S I Malec. Michael A.. 126 Education. 45 Murphy. 0.. S I Manor, 116 Middleton. John Thomas. 29 Murphy, Raymond J.. 55, 139 Malone. Arberenia Ponder.' Miguel, Jesse Samuel: 41 Murray. Walter. 2S Malone, ('harks 1 7. 55 Miles. Grey IL. 16 Myers, D.G., 1(17 Malpass. R.S., Mho. Nancy, 24 Myers, George, 16 Malta, Dac id. 78 Miller. Albert Jay, 159 Myers, Samuel, 91 Manastzr.G.J., 116 Miller, Dorothy, 72. 73 \landed. 1 cu is. 158 Miller. James O.. 127 Nadoch, M., 66 Mandell. %S.. 13 Miller. Joe A., 14 Nagasawa, Richard Ildoslo, 24 Handle. Jac, 37 Miller. Kent S., 27, 29, 30, 157 Nakamura, A line. 23 Matigalam. J J.. 24 Miller, LaMar Perry, 41 Naparstek, Arthur J., 73 Mani:an. P 7 Miller. Maurine R.. 138 Naremore. It ha C., 97 Hann, , 1114 Miller. Norman. 125 Nash. Gary B., 83, 107 \Imposer and Sosial \ttairsC °nunlike. 104 Miller. Robert W 37, 7S, 130 Nass, Martin Barry, 29 Mauro mer I tilliatton ( oninossion. 126 Miller. Ronald, 92 NationalAdvisoryCommitteeon Rural %lam, ield. I arklinion. 34 Miner. Ruth, 7 Poverty, 24 Marinell G.M. 101. 117 Miller. S, \;., 7, 37. 128 National Education Association. 10S Marancll, Crary 57 7 National Pederation of Settlements and Neigh- Mack. Rosanne J.. 126 Miller, Walter 11..9. 55, 64 borhood Centers, 127 tLintohs, G Ile t 6. for 145 Mille. C. Wright. 31 National Industrial Conference Board, I4S Mark 1 Milwaukee( aunty Welfare Rights On:am/a- National Institutes of Mental Health. Public Marron, Judd, 511 lum, 19 Information Section, 14 Marney.( arb. le. 1111 ingione..1nn Dissinger, 3I National Library of Medicine, 157 Marshall( .1 64 \lini/ter, I (heard Boyd, 14S National Opinion Research Center, ISO. 151

173 174:A uthor Index

Neff, W.S., 14 Tapper, S., 92 Preston, Elizabeth, 55 NaKI n, Dorothy, 5 Paredes, Americo, 34 Preston, Frederick R., 43 Nellum, A.J., and Associates, 61 Parker, D., 40 Prewitt, Kenneth, 107 Nelson, Hart M., 105, 117, 139 Parker, Joanne M.. 123 Price, Daniel O., 159 Nelson. Dennis E 41 Parker, Seymour, 8, 24, 29, 67 PrincetonUniversity.Industrial Relations Nelson, Harold A., 75, 107 Pannee, Leila K., 58 Section, 160 Nelson, J., 116 Parines,h, C.R., 121 Prothro, James W., 29 Nelson. William C., 127 Parson, Donn \V., 121 Pruger, R obert, 128 Neulinger, John, 53 Parten, Mildred, 145 Purcell, Theodore V 87 Neumann, Thomas 1.1-, 29 Pascal, Anthony, 77 Pyron, Bernard. 128 Newby, Idus A.. 105 Paschal, Billy J., 127 Newman, Dorothy K., 127 Pasteur, Alfred B., 92 Quain, Robert P., 37 Newman, William M., 101 Patrick, J.11., 98 Quatrone, Debra, 55 Nichelson, F. Fatrizk, 127 Paul, Susanne, 61 Quaynor, Thomas Addo, 128 Nicholls, William II.. 145 Payne, Robert Glen, 127 Quinn, Edward Daniel, 93 Nichols. William J., 127 Pearl, Arthur, 105 Quinn, Robert P., 14, 77, 87 Nicolau, George, 139 Pease, John, 14, 139 Nillus UJ., 7 Peek, Stanton, 130 Raab, Earl, 108, 139 Nimmo, Dan D., 145 Pelham, John, 138 Rabagliati, Mary, 20 Nikon, Bert Wootton. 33 Pelham, John T., 24, 64 Race Relations I nformation Center, 157 Nobers, Donald Richard. 8 Penalosa, Fernando, 34 Radcliffe, Aubrey, 30 Nobles. Wade Winfred, 8 Penick, Benson'Ellsworth, 82 Radin, N., 8, 58 Nolen. Claude IF.. 29 Pendia. Vera C., 14 Radoff, G eoffrey, 100 Nordheniter, Jon, 47 Perry, Helen Swick, 127 Rae, R. William, 139 Norman, Douglas, 96 Perry, J.11., Jr., 87 Raine, Walter T., 45, 46 Norris, Harold, 139 Perry, Joseph B., Jr., 88 Rainwater, Lee, 8, 24, 58, 78,113 Norris, James Joseph. Jr.. 67 Petersen. Gene B., 14 Randal, Judith, 8 North Carolina Fund, 82 Peterson, Gelitude D., 127 Rankin, Richard Clement, 30 North, George E., 24, 97 Peterson, James Harlon, 105, 145 Ransford, Edward, 37 Northrup, Ilerbert R., 8", Petrof, John V., 56 Ransford, Harry Edward, 30, 46 Petshek, Kirk R.. 14, 29 It ansfoid, II. Edward, 107 Obordo, A ngelita S., 57 Pettiford, Patricia M., 139 Ray, Geftevieve, 56 O'Boyle, Edward J., 14 Pettigrew, Thomas' Fraser, 24, 51, 101,108, Rayburn, Wendell Gilbert, 43 O'Brien. John, 29 127, 139 Record, Wilson, 59 'O'Co nnor, Garrett. 105 Phelps, William R., 87 Redlich, F.,'56 O'Donnell. Edward J., 51, 55 Phillips, George Oliver, 29 Reed, Jack 45 Otfenbaeher, Deborah I., 41 Phillips. Michael Haider, 20 Reed. William K., 105 Ogletree. 1 arl. 97 Phillips, Patricia, 55 Reeder, R.L., 146 Ogren, Evelyn II., 73 Plionadis, John, 127 Regional Social Science Data Archive, .150 O'Hara, Edward, 109 Piecard, Leroy Alvin, 43 Reichlcy, A. James, 105 Ohlendorl. George W., 138 'Pierce R., 90 Reid, Inez Smith, 30 ()Wane. James Michael, 37 Pthavm, Irving, 63 Rein, Nthrt in, 13, 73, 128 Olsar, John 110,, 81 Pinderhughes, C.A., 92, 128 Reinhardt, Hazel, 23 Olsen, Henry Duval. 24 Pink, William Thomas, 43 Reinhart, Cornel Justin, 108 Olson. David, 46 Pinkney, A 1phonso, 101 Reinhold, Robert, 146 O'Neil, Robert \1.. 20 Pinkney, Ilallowed Be, 97 Reischauer, Robert Danton, 20 Ontell, Robert. 122 Pitts, Griff D., 29 Reissman, Leonard, 24 Operation Retrieval, 87 Piven, Entices F., 19 Reinpel,Ilenry, 88, 160 Opinion Research Corp,. 82, 108 Piven, Frances Fox, 139 Renas, Warner Allen, 34 Oppenheim, Abraham Naftali. 145 Platt, Jennifer, 139 Rendon, Armando, 87 Orange Susan. 42 Plattor, S.D., 126 Reno, Jack, 87 Orbel' John \1., 108 Pless, 1.B., 83 Reno, Thomas Richard, 33, 83, 146 O'Reilly, Charles 1.. 24 Plotnick, Harold, 14 Renzi, Mario A., 139 Organization for Estmonut. J.kper.atomand Podell, Lawrent,e, 20, 45, 51, 58, 6 1, 146 Rescher, Nicholas. 73 DeYelopment. I 27 Polgar, S., 57 Resnik, Ilenry S., 105 Ornstein, ,Men C.. 97 Polgar, Steven, 128 !ten!, Myrtl R., 33 Orr, John B.. 127 Pollitt, 1. Irving, 85 Reuter, Edward Byron, 82 °nen. James D.. 76, 98 Pomeroy, Richard, 51, 52 Ithinehart, Charles P.. Jr., 128 Orth, Charles D., S 1 Pope, Hallowell, 58 Ribich, Thomas I., 56 Orwell. George, 24 Porter, Judith, 64 Richards, Steven A., 30 O'She.., Robert \1., 6 Porter, Walter Nathaniel, 43 Richardson, Duane Oliver, 128 Ostrom, [ bonus M.. 124 Posman, llarry, 73 Richek, 11.G., 101 rail, B 56 Pqussaint, Alvin E., 29, 64 Richmond, David Mil, 24 Owen. I.E.. 108 Powell, Blanche Ruth, 30 Rickman, Geraldine, 128 Owen. Ray Allen, 116 Powell, Mel D., 113 Riddick, Walter E., 17 Owens. Susan. 21.2_8 Powers, Mary G., 128 Riegel, Barbara, 95 Powers, Ramon S., 128 Marquita, 138 Padfield, Harland, 17 Powers. William Blain, 97 Messina'', Catherine Kohler, 58 Pagen, John, 97 Powledge, Fred, 128 Itiessinan, Frank, 7, 128 Paige. Jeffrey \1., 29. 127 Pownall, George, 105 Riggs, Sister Francis Mary, 83 Palmer. Gladys 14 Pozdol, Marvin Daniel, 108 Riley, David P., 105 Palmer. John I 7 I, 113 Pratt, David, 101 Ring, S.1., 51 Pancer, Daniel. Pratt, Loh, 92, 113 Rioux, J. William, 45, 97 174 Author Index/175

Rist, Ray C 4 1 Sager, Clifford J., 30 Senterfitt, Walt, 129 Rivera, Ramon J., 45 St. Denis, Gerald Charles, 101 Serra, Belen Milagros, 93 Roach, Jack L., 139 St. John, Nancy Hoyt, 116 SewellWilliam II., 8 Roback, Thomas IL, 105 Sakunia, A.F., 143 Sexton, Brendan, 88 Roberts, R.L., 54 Saldivar, Jose Guadalupe, 93 Shaffer, Ruth C., 105 Robertson, Leon S., 56 Sales, Joseph, Jr., 97 Shannon, Barbara E., 129 Robin, Gerald D., 51 Sales, Stephen M 129, 139 Shapek, Raymond A., 73 Robinson, David Thomas, 8 Saltman, Juliet A W8, 116 Shapiro, Joan, 113 Robinson, John P.. 73, 146 Sampson, Timothy J., 73 Shapiro, Pauline C., 58 Robinson, Jolly, 61 Samuels, Frank George, 8 Sharp, Laurc M., 14 Robinson, William Oliver, 128 Sanchez, Annabelle, 8 Shattuck, Gerald M., 128 Rodgers, Harrell, R., Jr.. 53, 64 Sanders, Charles L., 30, 93 Shaver, Phillip R., 73 Rodman, Ilyman, 82, 105, 108, 128 Sapolsky, Harvey M., 123 Shaw, C.T., 93 Rodriguez, Valerie Sierra. 34 Sandell, Alice, 55 Shaw, Marvin E., 146 Roemer, Derek. 30 Saslow, Harry L., 33 Shea, John R., 25 Roessner, J. David, 87 Satterlee, James Lee, 8 Sheak, Robert Joseph, Jr., 37 Rogers. David, 105 Saltier, Jerome M., 88 Sheatsley, Paul B., 46, 82, 115, 116 Rogler, Lloyd, 31 Savage, Eldon Paul. 56 Shenkrnan, Frederick Alan, 43 Rogowsky, Edward T., 80 Scanlon, William J., 40 Shepard, Robert Gene, 97 Rokeach, Milton, S6, 105, 113, 128 Scanzoni, John 11., 8 Sheppard, George K., 83 Roll, Charles W., 143, 146 Schab, F., 64 Sheppard, Harold L., 26, 53, 129 Roman, Melvin, 37 Schafer, Stephen A., 129 Sherarts,I. Karon, 32 Roper, Elmo and Associates, New York, 56 Schaffer, A., 82 Sherman, John Lee, 97 Roper, Elmo, 139 Schaffer, Albert, 105 Sherrill, Kenneth S., 108 Eloper, Susan S., 107 Schaffer, Ruth C., 82 Sherwin, Robert C., 8 Roper Public Opinion Research Center, 151 Schatz, Bernard, E., 51 Sherwood, John, 130 Rose. A., 8 Schein, Leon A., 102 Shill, James F., 140 Rose. Arnold M., 24 Schensul, S.L., 78 Shipman, Virginia C., 4 Rose, Brian Waldron, 101 Schemer, George, 88 Shiver, Wayman Bcmbry, Jr., 129 Rose, Harold, 67 Schieber, Sylvester J., 14 Shoemaker, Louise Prod'', 140 Rose, Peter l 59, 101 Schiller, Barry M., 139 Short, James F., Jr., 8, 45 Rosen, Alex, 123 Schiltz, Michael E., 75, 113 Shostak, Arthur B., 8, 15. 37, 102, 105 Rosen, H., 87 Schlamp, Fredric T., 9, 15, 20 Shuler, Ansley Harold, 97 Rosen, Hjalmer, 14 Schlitzer, Vera Myers, 88 Siegel, Earl, 58 Rosen, N.A., 9 Schmalzried, Beverly Lynn, 8, 64 Siegeman, Ellen, 100 Rosen, R.A., 14 Schmiedeskamp, Jay, 158 Siff, Hilda, 56 Rosenberg, Bernard, 58, 88 Schmitt, Madeline H., 102 Sigler, Phil Samuel, 30 Rosenberg, George S., 139 Schneider, Frank Wheeler, 8, 41 Signori, Edro 1., 88, 160 Rosenberg, Marvin Leonard, 64, 67. 128 Schneiderman, Gerald M., 41 Simmons, Ozzie G., 34, 83 Rosencranz, Mary Lou, 53 Schneiderman, L., 20 Simon, Arthur R., 78 Rosengrcn, William R., 58 Schnepf, Virginia, 41, 45 Simon, Rita, 25 Rosenthal, Carl F., 139 Schorr, Alvin L., 56 Simon, %Vahan', 37 Rosenthal, Robert, 97 Schrag, Peter, 97 Simons, Suzanne L., 33 Rosenthal, Ted L., 97 Schreiber, Daniel. 15 Simpson, Ansel Patillo, Sr., 129 Roskolenko, Harry, 24 Schulman, J., 67 Simpson, George B., 102 Ross, Colvin, 97 Schultz, S.R., 8 Simpson, George Eaton, 102 Ross, Joe A., 51 Schultz, Theodore, 105 Sims, DennisConstance Joseph, 129 Rossi, Peter IL. 8, 56, 82. 89, 113, 159 Schuman, Howard, 30, 48, 80, 106, 117 Sims, V.E., 98 Roumasset, Charles A., 8 Schwartz, D.A., 146 Sinclair, Ward, 129 Rousseau, Cynthia A., 65 Schwartz, Jerome L., 73 Singer, Benjamin D., 28 Rowland, Richard Henry, 30 Schwartz, Martin S., 42 Singer, Dorothy, 41 Ruben, Lillian B., 116 Schwartz, Mildred A., 82 Sinkler, George, 52 Rudolph, James Edward, 34 Schwartz, William, 129 Sirageldin, Simail A., 139 Rudwick, Is., 55 Schwarzweller, Harry K., 24 Sirota, David, 139 Rudwick, Elliott M., 24 Schwenkner, Charles Edward, 41 Sisenwein, Martin, 41 Ructten, Richard T., 138 Schwyhart, Winston R., 139 Sizer, J.R., 93 Runchiman, W.G., 113 Seal*, Harry M., 113 Skill Advancement Inc., 15 Rush, Sheila, 80 Scott, Nolvert Preston, Jr., 45 Skrivanek, Kenneth V., 139 Rushing, William A., 24, 34 Scribner, Sylvia. 128 Slaughter, Diana T., 67 Rusk, Jerrold G., 146 Sears, David 0., 30, 46, 47, 52, 145 Slesinger, Jonathan, 47 Russell, R.D., 30, 51 Secord, P.F., 137 Sloane, Martin E., 116 Ruskin, Bayard, 30 Seeman, Melvin, 15 Slobodin, L., 79 Rutledge, Aaron L., 30 Segal, David R., 117 Slocum, W.L., 25 Ryan, Charles W., 128 Segalman, Ralph, 59 Smigcl, E.O., 7S Ryan, Thoma J., 35 Seligman, Michele R., 93 Smith, Aurcl Emerson, Jr., 140 Ryles. Tim Cody, 73 .8-elover, William C., 105 Smith, Curtis L., Jr., 140 Ryttna, Joan Huber, 14. 22, 139 Selznick, Gertrude J., 139 Smith, David Lavon, 33 Selznick, Gertrude Jaeger, 102 Smith, Gloria, 61 Sacks, Joel G., 128 Semple, R.B., 56 Smith, Grover A., Jr., 116 Sadock, Benjamin J., 125 Senior, 131ondel Eslington, 117 Smith, Jan Stuart, 56 Sadolsky, Stanley, 14, 61, 64 Senior, Clarence, 31 Smith, M. Brewster, 102 Saenger, Gerhart, 101 Senna, Carl, 113 Smith, Mary Brinda, 64 Safa, HelenIcken, 67 Sennett, Richard, 37 Smith, Merle Edward, 129 175 I lb """r Indc

Smith. Patricia Cain. 139. 1:6 C,E.. 13 Toler, Alexander, 42 Smith. 74 Sullivan, Neil V 116 Tomlinson, Thomas M.. 47.59, 129 Smolensk}, bugene, 105 Sullivan. Rev. Patrick J.. 20 Tompkins, Dorothy Campbell. 160 Smuts. Robert W., 113 Sullivan, Ronald. 102 Torrance, F, Paul 130 S neden. I awn:mei .11. 8. 25 Summerlin. Curtis Glen, 9 Torrence, Ice Allen. 116 Soy der. 1.1 87 Summers. Gene b 146 Foura Me. A., lb. 37 Snyder, b !don U.. 88 Sundemm m Justus D., 105 Trax kJ. Margaret I'.. 117 Soares, U., 41.42. 64, 65 Sundquist. James 1. 88 Freiman. Donald J., 76. 102 Scares. Louise \1.. 41, 42, 64, 65, 126 Sung, Chick Hong, 1 1 1 Treudley, Mary B.. 59 Sobelman, A aron, 98 Survey Research Center. 158 Triandis, Harry C.. 16, 25. 65, 130 Sobota, Catherine Manton, 42 Sussman, Malvin B., 9, 75 Trinchero, Agnes Theresa. 93 Soual Ssience Data Archive. 150 Suttles, Genild D.. 9, 56 Triplett. J.L., 56 Solari. Andrew K.. 15 Sutton. Willis A.. Jr.. 110 Trojanowiel Robert C., 93 Somers, Gerald G.. 15.88 Swados,liarvey, 37 'I'rooboff, Benjamin M.. 130 Sommers. Montrose S.. 56 Sttanson, Austin D 50 Troutman, Benjamin lber, Jr., 42 Southern Regional Council. 102. 140 Swanstrom. Thomas b.. 15 Imbowiti, Julius, 108, 130 Southern Rural Research Project. 15 Sweet. J. Stouder, 129 Tucker, Donald Eugene. 130 Sri:ahem Voices. 158 Sweigert, R.L., Jr., 129 Tucker. Sterling. 45 South [oda). 157 Swerdloff, Peter M 37 Tumin, Melvin NV 62 Spear. 141) Swiek, hums Nelson. 129 Turem, Jerry Sheldon, 74 Specht. Harry. 128 Swick, !Sevin, 97 Turner, Deanna N., 40 Spewman. \I ilton D.. 75 SY Vt. Peter. 103 Turner, Francis Joseph. 93 Spilemian, Sey i»our. 42, 47, 129 Symon6, J.D.. 30 Turner, Ralph II., 106 Spillane, Robert Richard. 98 Symonds. J.S 87 'Fussing, A. Dale, 67 Spindler. George D,. 33 Symonds, Martin, 42. 67 Tweetcn, Luther G,, 130 Spinelli, Louis, 37 Symposium on Attitudes, Conflict, and Social Tyler, Gus, 82 Spradley, James P., 25 Change, 129 Tyler, Lawrence I_ 82 Springer, Philip B.. 15 Lorand B., 30 Tyson, Cyril, 40, 98 Stagner, Ross. 140 Stambler, Howard V.. IS ham. David Hirsh. S6 U.S. Bureau of the Census. 9 Stain». Keith R., 109 Talbot, Sylvia 1v.nlney Ross 20, 58 U,S. Commisvon on Civil Rights. 35. 98, 130 Stansbury. Clayton C., 14 Talley. Page, 42 U.S. Congress (91s0, 74 Staples. Robert 1. ugene, 129 I angenian, Ahden, 38 U.S. 'Congress.Joint ELonomic Committee. Starr. I S.. SO Tarantino. Thomas II., 20 Subcommittee on Fiscal Policy, 20, 74 Steele, C. Hoy, 48. 106. 103 I atis. Rita NE. 97 U.S. Congress. Senate. Joint Economic Com- S teght. h, W.G.. 61 aube. Gerald. 9 nuttee, 93 Stein. Mainice R.. 9 I auram Rouland Herman. 84 U,S. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Stein. Robert I.. IS Taus, Rita NI., 64 Nutrition and Human Needs, 113 Steinberg, Stephen. 102 Fausky, Curt, 13. 16, 37 U.S. Congress. Senate ['Mame Committee. 74 Steiner, Stan. 33 . 1 aylor,loyd L., 33 U.S. Congress. Senate Subcommittee on Migra- Steinman, 35 Taylor, George, 64 tory Labor, 67 S (ember, ( hales Herbert, 129 Taylor, Ralph 1,ec, 30 11.S. Dept. of Health. Education, and Welfare. Stentors, Brian I).. 48 Taylor. Ronald Dean. 42 Office of Research and Statistics. 160 Stern. George G.. 96 Taylor. Terrill Patrick. 98 U.S. Dept. of Labor Manpower Administration. Stern. Sol. 67 laylor. Theodore 1.. 93 30. 110, 158 Sternbcr? Susan I rank, 107 laylor. William L., 22. 102. 129 U.S. President. (Johnson Administration). 16. Sternlieb, George S.. 74 Terkel. I ours (a.k.a. Studs Terkel). 25 88 St. veils. I fans , 38, 160 Ferrell David L.. 127 Ujlaki, Vilma F.. 97 Stevens, William Orville. 77 Theoliald, Robert. 110 Upchurch. Mark. 98 Stey.ard, Don R.. 54 hibaulLdward Alien, 105 Upham, W.K., 23 St.:Y art, Dorothy Granberry, 9 Illiede,11.A 129 Upjohn Institute for mployment Research. 16 Stessart. Dorothy II.. 61, 89 Thud Press. 158 Urban America, Inc.. and the Urban Coalition. 31 Stewart, Maxwell S., 141) Thomas. A.. 83 Useem, Flizabeth Livingston, 116 Steuart, Paul A., 135 I homas. Cynthia, 48 Stith, Marjorie. 91 1 homas. bdwin J.. 9 Vail, Susan. 93 Stokes. Vernon Use. 34, 140 1 homas, George. 9 Valentine. Charles A., 9. 25. 140 Stoll. Clarice S.. 42 Thomas, Regan. 93 Van A ruble. Minor. 32 Stone. Robert C., 9. 15, 20 Ihompson,erybA nne. 159 Vander Zanden, James W.. 102 Storey. Stuart I 139 Ihompson, David I 16 Van [)inter, Norbert Robert. 56 string, V ilham Ja.. oh, Jr., 42 1 hompson. W 67 Vanlandingham. Calvin I ewis. 25 Strasel. IL(9 lhomson, Lillian, 59 Vatter, Harold G., 114, 130 stratton. L. 81 Thoreson, Richard IV_ 93 Vaughan. Ted R.. 60 Straus. Robert. 75 1 burps,('laiburne !titmice, 25 Verkler, Billy Duan, 117 Strauss, Georz.!e, 1 litany, Donald W.. 16 Veroff, Joseph, 130 Street, David, 23 1 iffany, Phyllis M.. 16 Via, l'inory F., 16 Stec shinsky, \Jini Gottlieb, 91 Filford, Michael Phillip. 140 Vidulich, Robert Isl 82 stringham, Sheila Day, 129 1 illmao, Jerome. 98 Visot sky, !Iambi NI., 138 Strom, Robert D., 13(1 Timbers, Dianne NI, 99 Von Eckhardt, Wolf. 25 Stroller. George B.. 136 I minions, Barbara Joan Zellhoefer, 33 von Hoffman, Nicholas, 130 Strumpel. Burkhard, 15 I minis. Noel. 50 Vredevoogd, William .. 86 Stuart. Reemald, 3(1 Iiradm Michael David. 35 Vroom, Victor II_ 130 sttkos I. Mayonc. 19, 21), 57. 58 tissue. Thomas, 79 S41,Iman, Seymour, 140 Iitmuss, Richard NI_ 74 Wachtel. Dawn. 88 176 1ittlior IndeA/177

addell. ( ha.ies M., 48 Whiteman, 11artin, 7 N ell. Samuel I.. 31 Wade. Ruth. 16 Whitmore. Dorothy Gates, 65 \ Inger., J. 11ilton, 1111 13 Wagencr, Ruth I. Lone hot Iniam 130 11 icke, Robert higene. 1411 Yokley, Raytha. L., 105 Wagner. \LG.. 122 1% ickendum 1 litabeth. 110 \ outruns. IGrant; 56 1% agner. \. \.. 140 11 i.ker, loin. 16 \ ming. Janet II,. 140 1% agner. kited 110 11 kkersham.Fdssard D 16 Young. \Pali:are( B.. 25 11uklitar 1.. 42 Wieder. Gerald S lanky. 1311 Young, Richard A., 31, 88 Wahnsky Adam, 106 11 vdor, 11.1 125 N oung, Whitney, 140 Walker, JaA. I47, 103 \\ Mason, ItIl °runic Jules. 82 Youngbaucr, Jill 18 Walker. Patrkaa \tin. 42 11 densky. Ilarold L 106 Yuker, Ilarold I., 135. 1411 Walker. Walter Lorenio, 52 11' ilkins. Caron, 101 Walsh. Jams Leo, 93, 106 Wilkinson, Kenneth P.. 25 Zagarm. Susan W.. 43 11 Adm. John Paul. 140 W111,12.1- .. 130 Zahl, George C.. 98 1% Aster. Flame. 95 Will, Robert 114 /anion'. R ichard B.. 98 Walters. J. I co, 37 Williams. Allan Silvio, 37 Zander. A [yin, 136 alther. Regis. 16. 146 W dliams. Donald Raymond. 130 Zduruch, Louise Josephine. 98 altman, Bill Way ne. 31 11 ilium,. J. Allen, Jr.. 62 tegans, I.conard S., 42 Walton, Richard 130 W`Ilhanls, 1.1.. 130 Zeller. Frederick A., 37.74, 75.130 1% aid. Susan Harris, 31 Jack Ivan. 94 Zelu, Carolyn R., 131 Washaucr, Mary 1 Ben. 30. 136 Williams. Jay It eigle. 146 Amor, Dean, 131 Washington Stale Dept. of Public Instruction, Williams, John 65 Zigler, Fduard, 56 16 1% illiams. IK., 9 Zinibardo, Philip. 131 Was:ennan. Maurice Marc. 83 W`allianls, RI.. 42 Zimmer. Basil... 131 Wasserman. Susan 1 rests . 35 11 Mums. Richard II., 127 Zunpel, Lloyd, 77. 88 Watson. James M.. 139 Williams, Robin Murphy, 114 Zue.uo, Blase John, 131 J t son , Jame:, W 55 Williams, Roy. 37 Lukennan, Karl D.. 140 Watson. Odes( 1_ 98 Williams. Warren S., 140 /metier. L ours, A.. Jr., 52. 60.78. 94, 131 Watts. II arold W.. 136 Willie, (*harks V.. 9. 17, 3I. 102 Watt \ William, 146 Wilson. Charles W., 88 Acnberg, Barbara 3 11 ilscal Robert A., 68 Waxman. Chaim 1 94 Wilson. Robot L. 118 Weaver. Glady sC.. 102 Wilson. William J.. 16 Weaver. Leon. 140 Wingert. 11`.1.. 62 W ebb, John Compton. 116 Winstead, John Clayton. 42 11 ebb. Kenneth. 146 Winter, J. Akin. 10 1% elm, Robert 1.. 5 2 11 irt. 1 rederick M.. 114 Webster. R °salmi', 14.87 1110am:rt. Ilona IL. 3 11 oner. \LA, 25 11 arty, 1% dlard W.. 110 emstenvR as mond. 44 Wishik. Samuel \1.. 57 W einstein. Raymond 11 45 Wtspe. I amen. 65 1% cishrod, Burton 40 wikovcr. Jules. 94 Weisman,. Carol `saki) \ 26 Wolt. I Memo, Jr_ 17 1% ch,..JonJOin A 104 Wolfe, Alan, 14 Richard, 107 11 one. A no (I., 140 chs, Walter. 82 Womack. WM.. 141) W eisabal.h. I heodore. 47, 1(16 1% (nick. Roger R., III Weissman, Harold 104 Woodman. e. John J.. 48 Welch, ArthurMood, I lb Woods. K [hard G.. 3.32, 43.91 Welch, S.. 15 V uutis, Robert A 68 W Jack I 23, 56 Woodson, I Mums. 106 Wellman. 1 ntomettc. 4s oodsuorth. David I 20 Wells, Carols n Dion. 11 W midis aril, George Men, 106, 146 Wendland, lards n Mane. 65 W ooster. John I larrison. 75 ort/er. Fred. 56 11 out/. Deborah. 141) West. Gerald Ivan. 25. 10I Works. I. rest, 31 sibrook, J, iscph Vi ikon. 42 Wright. George N.. 94 Westermeyer, Joseph. 94 Wight. Lid, 11.. 146 Westermeyer, Joseph .1 13 11 right. Rolland Ilarrs. 33 Westie. I rank R I. 82, 102. 146 Wright. Wilbert. 45 Wolw. Mararet I.. 11 right. William W.. Jr_ 106 Wcstley. 11 ilham 1 94 Wyse. Rodney Ills. 43 West V genii., I msersds.1 he I ihrary160 W eV/la-CI , I h, hut, 20 \co/N. I tuversity 11 is rofilms. 158 Vi lidaker. ( ,dbcri W woad, 42, White. Arthur. 20 N ahr:11arold, 51. 52 White. I Edwin IL, 1116 Yamamoto, J,. 94 W16-6,, I mime Ridgle. 110 N arnamoto. Klnro, 10 White, I son ( anon. 31 Yansey. William I 78 White.1 mirk e Orange, 68 Yankelos ich, Daniel, Inc.. 52. 151 White. I errame I1,. 140 `loom. Penny R,. 101 Whilehead, ( anon .1. 81 N ems. Pearline Peters, 110 Whitehead. John 1 140 N cc, Albert, 98 Whitehead. Robert I ugcne. 106, 108, 116 Yettnan, Norman B.,: 48. 106. 11)8 177 1

--"

Reprints

178 179 Institute for Research on Poverty Reprints

Repunts (sr 'art ides writ en by the Institute for Research on Pol.erty stall members are available without charge by ro nag to the Institute for Research on Poverty , University tst, isconsin, 1410 Social Science BuildIng, 1180 Observa- tory Drie. Nlathson. 1, isconsna. 53700.

.S,1111, Ild,te Pro!, ig imt of A (game Im.orie 13. Ii, liar( Pa k ni< nis and Ii ,rA Ime +ant, 25.I or mula s jot' !mono Vault, nem<

Is"! 179 Reprint.' IS1

Orr rhtWit I for tat114,411 O Slit tut 54 I ktd LAperuntritation in Income Main- 70,StiLlid SLIt idols and the Riot (tIMMISSion, Class Differences in tb dee or SPeet tenance. by Ilarold Watts, John Conhsk, by Michael Lipsky , 1971. by I rederiaMilani and k C IX Lee Ilawden. and Larry L. Orr. 1970. \a(i.iiiifie, 1969. 7 I.I.saintlial Relationships and beonointe 55,Sottal Class Differences in Chtklreit's WellBeing Pantilt. ('nit Rides for a In Income -let Worth ,Ipproath R. 51 ntuctie Performance A 01am:tattle Negante Ithonit Tux, by \\ emimme Welfare. by Burton Artali vs of Field Stud:' Data, by Rita C. Klein, 1971, . Rersbrod and W. Lee Hansen, 1969. Nareniore and Prederick 'Williams, 1970. 72. Isststance Plan Analysts t;raduattd Work Ineentitt Inxper- 56. Partial Btnt fit Schedules in 7, nemplot and Etaluation. by Lee 11,01. den, Ink nt m (Tame 7a tathni, by Harold ment Insureface7shetr r flat on It'ork Glen G. Cam, and Leonard J. ilausmans arts, 1969. Incentive, by Raymond Munb, 1970. 1971.

40 7 ithz.rtion and PrueInuit sts Prospt kis 57 flit .1(1mm:stratum of Welfare Budgets 73.Current Status of Income Slamtename for Ito:ding Higher Prpgram Costs tit The Views of AFDC Recipients, by Joel I' Apartments Health Cart, by Murray Tucker. 1969, handler and Ellen Jane llollingsYYorth. 1970, "The Gradhated It'orA Imo:Ines b leper, 41 Rut (ommistn Pohl:es. by ;Michael intents Omer I Progress," by Ilarold W. Lipsks. and 1)asid J. Olson, 1969, harm Operators Under the Aegatire I,: Watts, come Tax, by Charles W. Meyer and "The Gary twome Slamtenante I- lepen- 42. 7Ih %leave, 0?,,nt fft pot, rt t,In dham L.. Saime, 1970, men' Plans and Progress." by I creme ploratort I 4, r( ntht Harold %%Watts. F. Kelly and Leslie Singer 1969 59. Tht Causes of Ratial Duna-ban( e5 :1 Com- The Seattle Experimentf!te Conthim parison of Alternatna txplanattons.by ['nett of Income Mauttename and Man- 4.) (Man t and ',,lh4pr I ore, Polk t- Sc t mour Spilerman, 1970. power Investments," by Mordecai Kurt tAa:on ht los,. ph 1). M,,onct, Oument, and Robert G. Spit:gamin k Glen G (;fin,1970 60 It'orA, Welfare, and the Nixon Reform "Dtsaaston.- by James N \Iowan,1971. iteoutis, by Joel Handler and Hien 44 lb; 1)1qt-tin non Ptrwnal blown Jane I lollingsccorth. 1970. 74,On Comparing [mom, Ilaintenante Inmen,z, 117,1)1u si' s ( ; r h, (lurk, ternatwes.11 Theodore IL Marmor, Me. _Jr19",',4 61 Tranticr Ipproat lies to Thstrihution 1971. Point', by Robert J. Lampman, 1970 4c rntn,,.1 not, Proof, Indeotrt 75.Costcand Rem fits ot lb dual Researe F. ,,tat, in f than 1 ) loward a Sot tai ReportI Re: taw A Case Stitch of Pohom4t htt, he Witham KI th'r197o twitbKarl ILumber, 1970 Burton A. \\ eisbrod, 1972

4t, IJ 11,,r] ; I ; ;Stan, 61 iIn prosptt I ofquahtt,l in(uit alt- lh Issues in the r (C1110Mit soft, Population x,1 Itl 1..r,,ant I( +r: n White and iliac (i annhes L ntle r Polk t for therated Man sht Glen /1 rrr,Pac artIrks and I a''n RatesofCnemplotment, In G. ('Jul. 1972. al n flab 1d W. Guthrie. 1970 77. (0)101111( bJlrt rem t and the Mortbn, IS 64 bu 'ma Mork ?Wm e and du Rural Pour tPrr1of Benefits trout (,.dpi.,7t intro( d I,. I,Icii t, (An 'no ln r yerimental Ipproath, by I) Ice tion,,t) L.1.1: Hansen, Allen. Kelley Irtam , r, 1974. 1970 and Burton A. \\ eisbb A. 1971

1; I lwomir ,)! +.1,J1 Did Ps 44 h4 dovt al C orre Ian N,,,/ Spell!! Char- 78 IVorA Incentnt and Welfare Reform 7; rr 1,4r, r, p. fl; ; , u,terota s On Soundtim "Dnadrantaged.- I he I ,IA(xpertente. In Robert 1 ',/11 / 11,11,P18 . Ind );\,I33, I, dharto, 1971 Smith and \\ . Jospeh lieu email, Jr ;I 41in.,, rah119- 1972 6 Weltar, rite Constraints of the 4') jr r ,t r,f,3 Ind the Ghent% by Joel 79 1 At w /Twin It to Bight r l dtuatum L, ; I! incl, aid 111cn lane llollinvscyorth, 7 mam cc Hansen and Burton 1971 keisbrod, 1972. dif rItt,;(

lc, i r,hs tutu ,11 .I 175 tut impute tat,It wrotins! SO. Protest Behamr and the Interatum of !IntI an 14 Pon; ,seSolution, In Urban Pohtual Srstems, by Peter K. Slift 5,1 k Pimps, Ind W Klein I 'singer. 1972. I ito.7 P;1,- I r I'' ,/111, fir ,i1 tit I S I' aso, load, nr,, Stoma,,,, In I r (r ; (,011lee'Itte of 'tt The Causes of Rat hit Moo-Ioue I ests :rrit MOM of an I teptniatton,Iw S4.111'0111( Spd tt,, 1 5. 11,, ,,441,I to 1971 erman.1972. I l'it

14,011 , ,r (mpinms Jor I lame smial Point

'VI. Islr I 1 1,1411 tr,',tud; 54 mit I), ( ,,nsiderat Ivt 11a,d,1 ItIt 01 fflit,, I si.i ith I( N 1'4'1 f lieoth 0e IL Nlarinz.r, 1972. 182Reprints

83 Helping -1n:erica's Poor. by Theo& qe 99 Is InA aid Redistribution I flit ie nt ations. by Archibald 0.11aller and R. Marmot and Martin Rein. 1972. by Irwin Garfinkel. 1973. Joseph W'oeltel, 1974.

qtr.' It 40N. 1/1/10711M1 PrMISteM .01t1 1 41{I, (Mt and DiSirlhlittl)/44/ Intp/Ittit)frIN 115.Sot rat Class and Corporal Punishment Ptpcienct m Financing Medical Care, of a C'redit Income lax Plan. by un Childrearing A Reassessment. by Irw m Garfinkel. 197 2 Russell Lidtaan. ;973. Howard S Erlanger, 1974,

85.Disestablishment of Labor barons for 101. Hit Conditions ot Protest &bailor or 116.Dt signing Orem: Breaker Properft Tax Engaging in Racial Disc-unmation A In:email Cults. by Pe -r K Lismger, Rehebby Mark llendia. Jr., 1974. dew (..se for an Old Remedy. by James 1973 E Jones. Jr . 1972, 117.Measured Irequahty of Income What 102. The Potential of Black Capitalism, Does It May. and What Can It Tell Us' 86. The .4 nali us of Mobilitt Processes bi the by Timothy Bates. 1973. and What Does It Do for the Poor' A Introduction of Independent Variables New Test for National Policy, by into a Mgrlior Chain, by Seymour Spil- 103. Economic Determinants of Fertility Robert J Lawman, 1974. erman,-1973, Results front CrossSectional Aggregate Data, by Glen G. Cain and Adriana 118.Income Maintenance Programs and Work 87 Probkins m .%laking Inferences from the Weininger, 1973, Effort A Review, by Irwin Garfinkel, Coleman Report. by Glen G. Cain and 1974. Harold W lit,. Reply to Cam and Watts, 104, Return to Shomille A Critique of the bi,James S. ( oleman. A Comment on Aaerman Anal) sis of Housing Code 119. 771c Eff ects of Macroeconomic Fluctua- on Problems in Making Inferences from Enforcement and the Poor. by Neil K (ions on the Distribution of Income. by the Coleman Report, by Dennis!. Komesar, 1973. Thad W. Nlirer, 1974. Alper, 1973. Ins,Public and Prnate Transfers as Social 120.Socioeconomic Achievements of 88, Fftreiene y and Fquati E fleets in the Ben. Process. by Robert lampnian. 1973. Men, 1962 to 1972, by Robert M. Ors front the Iederal Housing Program in Hauer and David L, Featherman. 1974. 1965. by Eugene Smolensty and J. Doug- 106, The Impact of Inflation on the Poor las Gomery 1973. and the Implicit Tax of Inflation and 121.Larne cgs Capacity and the Target Flit. Unemployment. by Robinson G. MI- cienci of Alternative Transfer Programs. 89 Price Controls and Inecont Redistribution lism and John L. Palma. 197 3. by Irwin Garfinkel and Robert IlaYetnan, in an t. xpanding Fconomi, by Robert 11. 1974. !Lomat) and Thad 11. Miner, 1973 107. The Funenonsof Disclosure Regulation m Consumer Transactions. by William C, The Problem of Equal Opportunity A Whitford, 1973. Renew ,Irucle. by Thomas I. Mich. 197 3 108, Skeptical ,Vote on "The Optimality" 91 Systemlau Thinking for Social Action .4 of Wage Subsult Programs, by Irwin Relit is. by Robert II. !lawman. 1973 Garfinkel, 1973,

92. Fede,al-State Interests y, Welfare -Idinin 109. 4n Econometric Analysis of Lending to istration, by Joel E Handler. 1973 Riad% Businessmen, by Timothy Bates. 1973. 93 legisbote. ,Idrinnistratne and hulk tal Changes in the AFDC Program, 19'67 Slaking Inferences from Controlled In- 7/, by Irene Lurie, 1973. come Maintenance Experiments. by t hales E. Metcalf. 1973. 94 Variations in egative lax Rates in Cur. rent Public A sistarite Programs -In I). III ,1 Statistic al AnalYsis of the 0E0 bxper. amplt of :Iiiiiiinstrative Discretion. by intent in Educational Performance Con- Joseph IleffernA,Jr.. 1973, tracting. by !rum Garfinkel and Edward M. Gramlich, 1974 eighborhood Same Centers in the B:ack Comma:in . by Nloses Newsome, 112, Wm-A-Conditioned Subsidies As an M. tr.. 1973 come-Maintenance Strategy Issues of Program Structure and Integral um, by Poi ert t and 1 /calk ,I Re examination. Robert IL llaveman, 1974. ht 1hr,n II ci,owitz. 1973 113 Fiscal Capacity and the Estimation 97 The Urban Pr m as an I vercise in the Method of the Advisory Commission Theory of t f fit it /.9 Transfers,ht on Intergovernmental Relations, by Eugene Smolenslo and L Douglas John S. Akin. 1974, Gomery , 1973 114. Signif 'earn Others and their Expectations 98, The Distributional Impatt of the 1970 Concepts and Instruments to .1leasure Recession by Thad W,Muer. 197 1 terpersonal Influence on Status Aspir.

1500-3L50002-75. P 1000-3L50012-75 181