Boraginaceae), with an Emphasis on the Popcornflowers (Plagiobothrys)
Diversification, biogeography, and classification of Amsinckiinae (Boraginaceae), with an emphasis on the popcornflowers (Plagiobothrys) By Christopher Matthew Guilliams A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Bruce G. Baldwin, Chair Professor David Ackerly Professor Brent Mishler Professor Patrick O'Grady Summer 2015 Abstract Diversification, biogeography, and classification of Amsinckiinae (Boraginaceae), with an emphasis on the popcornflowers (Plagiobothrys) by Christopher Matthew Guilliams Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley Professor Bruce G. Baldwin, Chair Amsinckiinae is a diverse and ecologically important subtribe of annual herbaceous or perennial suffrutescent taxa with centers of distribution in western North America and southern South America. Taxa in the subtribe occur in all major ecosystems in California and more broadly in western North America, from the deserts of Baja California in the south where Johnstonella and Pectocarya are common, north to the ephemeral wetland ecosystems of the California Floristic Province where a majority of Plagiobothrys sect. Allocarya taxa occur, and east to the Basin and Range Province of western North America, where Cryptantha sensu stricto (s.s.) and Oreocarya are well represented. The subtribe minimally includes 9 genera: Amsinckia, Cryptantha s.s., Eremocarya, Greeneocharis, Harpagonella, Johnstonella, Oreocarya, Pectocarya, and Plagiobothrys; overall minimum-rank taxonomic diversity in the subtribe is ca. 330-342 taxa, with ca. 245--257 taxa occurring in North America, 86 in South America, and 4 in Australia. Despite their prevalence on the landscape and a history of active botanical research for well over a century, considerable research needs remain in Amsinckiinae, especially in one of the two largest genera, Plagiobothrys.
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