UNHCR Centre for Documentation and Research WRITENET Paper No. 20/1999 CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE LA GUERRE CIVILE ET SES CONSEQUENCES SUR LE GABON By François Gaulme January 2000 WriteNet is a Network of Researchers and Writers on Human Rights, Forced Migration, Ethnic and Political Conflict WriteNet is a Subsidiary of Practical Management (UK) E-mail:
[email protected] THIS PAPER WAS PREPARED MAINLY ON THE BASIS OF PUBLICLY AVAILABLE INFORMATION, ANALYSIS AND COMMENT. ALL SOURCES ARE CITED. THE PAPER IS NOT, AND DOES NOT PURPORT TO BE, EITHER EXHAUSTIVE WITH REGARD TO CONDITIONS IN THE COUNTRY SURVEYED, OR CONCLUSIVE AS TO THE MERITS OF ANY PARTICULAR CLAIM TO REFUGEE STATUS OR ASYLUM. THE VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THE PAPER ARE THOSE OF THE AUTHOR AND ARE NOT NECESSARILY THOSE OF WRITENET OR UNHCR. ISSN TABLE DES MATIÈRES 1. INTRODUCTION: ORIGINES ET ESCALADE DU CONFLIT CONGOLAIS (1993-1999)....1 1.1 TENSIONS PROGRESSIVES APRÈS LA DÉMOCRATISATION (1990-1999) ............................................1 1.2. LA CONFIGURATION DU PAYS ET LES TENSIONS ETHNICO-RÉGIONALES .........................................3 2. IMPLICATIONS REGIONALES DU CONFLIT CONGOLAIS..................................................6 2.1 LE CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE DANS SON ENVIRONNEMENT GÉOGRAPHIQUE ET CULTUREL ..................6 2.2 CONGO ET GABON, UNE HISTOIRE PARTAGÉE .................................................................................8 3. PERSPECTIVES DE RETOUR DES REFUGIÉS ET DES PERSONNES DEPLACÉE .........10 3.1 CONDITIONS INTERNES D’UNE PAIX DURABLE AU CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE.....................................10