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1 REPUBLIQUE GABONAISE UNION – TRAVAIL – JUSTICE _____________ MINISTERE DE L’ECONOMIE, DE L’EMPLOI ET DU Public Disclosure Authorized DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE -------------- ----------- COMMISSION NATIONALE DES TIPPEE Secrétariat Permanent Projet CAB4 Public Disclosure Authorized Etudes d’Impact Environnemental et Social (EIES) (PR) Public Disclosure Authorized Rapport Final Juillet 2013 Mbaye Mbengue FAYE Consultant en Evaluation Environnementale et Sociale Tél (221) 77 549 76 68 – Email : mbmbfaye@ yahoo.fr - Dakar – Sénégal Avec la collaboration de : Public Disclosure Authorized • Momar SOW, Expert Environnementaliste • Omar Karamokho Ndiaye: Expert socio-économiste • Mamadou DIEDHIOU, Expert Socio économiste • Clair Mbourou: Sociologue (Expert national) • Dr Féréole Clarpin Moussounda, Enseignant-Chercheur à l’Université • Rufin Mikala MUSSAVU, Cartographe • Yves AZIZET ISSEMBE, Expert Forestier 2 Tables des Matières TABLES DES MATIERES 2 LISTE DES SIGLES ET ABREVIATIONS 3 SUMMARY 7 RESUME NON TECHNIQUE 10 CHAPITRE 1 : INTRODUCTION 13 CHAPITRE 2 : DESCRIPTION DU PROJET 15 CHAPITRE 3 : ANALYSE DU CADRE POLITIQUE, JURIDIQUE ET INSTITUTIONNEL 25 3.1 LE CONTEXTE POLITIQUE 25 3.2 CADRE REGLEMENTAIRE 25 3.2.1 CADRE JURIDIQUE NATIONAL 25 3.2.2 CONVENTIONS INTERNATIONALES RATIFIEES PAR LE GABON ET APPLICABLE AU PROJET 29 3.3 ANALYSE DES POLITIQUES DE SAUVEGARDES DE LA BANQUE MONDIALE ET LEUR APPLICATION AU PROJET CAB4 30 3.4 CADRE INSTITUTIONNEL DE GESTION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE DU PROJET 32 CHAPITRE 4 : CONDITIONS ENVIRONNEMENTALES DE BASE 34 4.1 DESCRIPTION GENERALE DE LA ZONE DU PROJET (ZONE D’ETUDE ELARGIE) 34 4.2 PRESENTATION DES CARACTERISTIQUES BIOPHYSIQUES DE LA ZONE D’ETUDE RESTREINTE 46 4.3 CONTEXTE SOCIO-ECONOMIQUE - 53 - 4.4 APPROCHE METHODOLOGIQUE ETUDE ARCHEOLOGIQUE - 62 - 4.5 LES INDICES ARCHEOLOGIQUES - 63 - 4.6 CONCLUSION - 64 - 4.7 RECAPITULATIF DES CONTRAINTES SOCIO-ENVIRONNEMENTALES - 69 - 4.8 ANALYSE DE LA SENSIBILITE ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE DES TRONÇONS - 73 - 4.9 ANALYSE DE SENSIBILITE DES CENTRES TECHNIQUE - 75 - CHAPITRE 5 : CONSULTATION DU PUBLIC - 78 - 5.1 OBJECTIF DE LA CONSULTATION PUBLIQUE - 78 - 5.2 LA STRATEGIE ET DEMARCHE DE LA CONSULTATION - 78 - CHAPITRE 6 : ANALYSE DES IMPACTS - 84 - 6.1 DESCRIPTION DE L’IMPACT - 84 - 6.2 INDICE D'IMPORTANCE DE L'IMPACT - 85 - 6.3 IDENTIFICATION DES SOURCES D’IMPACT - 88 - 6.4 IMPACTS POSITIFS - 90 - 6.5 IMPACTS NEGATIFS DU PROJET DURANT LES TRAVAUX - 91 - CHAPITRE 7 : PLAN DE GESTION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE - 111 - 7.1 PLAN D’ATTENUATION - 111 - 7.2 MESURES REGLEMENTAIRES - 112 - 7.3 MESURES OPERATIONNELLES SPECIFIQUES - 113 - 7.4 PLAN DE RENFORCEMENT DES CAPACITES, INFORMATION, COMMUNICATION - 127 - 7.4.1 RENFORCEMENT DES CAPACITES - 127 - 7.4.2 FORMATION DES ACTEURS DU CHANTIER - 128 - 7.4.3 INFORMATIONS DES POPULATIONS - 128 - 7.5 DISPOSITIF DE SURVEILLANCE ET SUIVI ENVIRONNEMENTAL - 130 - 7.5.1 SURVEILLANCE ENVIRONNEMENTALE - 130 - 7.5.2 SUIVI ENVIRONNEMENTAL - 130 - 7.6 PHASAGE DE LA GESTION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE 134 7.7 RECOMMANDATIONS DE MISE EN ŒUVRE 135 7.8 COUT DU PLAN DE GESTION ET DE SUIVI ENVIRONNEMENTAL ET SOCIAL 135 ANNEXE 136 3 Liste des sigles et abréviations ANINF : Agence Nationale des Infrastructures Numériques et des Fréquences ANPN : Agence Nationale des Parcs nationaux du Gabon BM : Banque Mondiale BIRD : Banque Internationale pour la Reconstruction et le Développement CAB : Central African Backbone CGES : Cadre de Gestion Environnementale et Sociale CN TIPPE : Commission Nationale des Travaux d’Intérêt Public pour la Promotion de l’entreprenariat et de l’Emploi CPR : Cadre de Politique de Réinstallation CT : Centres techniques DAO : Dossier d'Appel d'Offre DGEPN : Direction Générale de l'Environnement et de la Protection de la nature DSCRP : Document Stratégique de Croissance et de Réduction de la Pauvreté EIES : Etudes d’impact Environnemental et Social MCPEN : Ministère de la Communication, de la Poste et de l’Economie Numérique MDC : Missions de Contrôles ONG : Organisation Non Gouvernementale PAP : Personne Affectée par le Projet PANLDT : Plan d’Action National de Lutte contre la Dégradation des Terres PNAE : Plan National d’Action pour l’Environnement PSFE : Programme Sectoriel Forêt et Environnement PNDS : Plan National de Développement Sanitaire PR : Plan de Réinstallation PO : Politique Opérationnelle SETRAG : Société d'Exploitation du Transgabonais SPIN : Société de Patrimoine des Infrastructures Numériques TDR : Termes de référence 4 Liste des tableaux Tableau 1 : Liste des experts de l’étude Tableau 2 : Tronçon Ferroviaire Tableau 3 : Tronçons Routiers Tableau 4 : Textes normatifs internationaux applicables au projet. Tableau 5 : Institutions / Entités administratives impliquées dans la mise en œuvre du CAB4 Tableau 6 : Situation administrative des villes situées sur l’emprise Tableau 7 : Description des caractéristiques utilisées pour décrire les impacts potentiels Tableau 8 : Méthode utilisée pour déterminer la portée des impacts Tableau 9: Détermination de l’indice de conséquence Tableau 10: Détermination de la portée Tableau 11 Exemple d’un énoncé d’impact Tableau 12: Synthèse des sources et récepteurs d’impacts du projet Tableau 13 : Résumé des mesures de Gestion environnementale et sociale Tableau 14 : Plan de renforcement des capacités Tableau 15 : Besoin en formation et information Tableau 16 : Matrice de surveillance et de suivi du plan de gestion environnementale Tableau 17 : Coût du plan de gestion environnementale et sociale 5 Listes des figures Figure 1 : Positionnement du projet dans la sous-région Figure 2 : Parcours routier ouest de la variante 3 Figure 3 : Synoptiques de l'ensemble des tracés Figure 4: Synoptiques de l'ensemble des tracés Figure 5 : Schéma indicatif des liaisons et interfaces de transmission Figure 6 : Situation du tracé par rapport aux différents écosystèmes du Gabon Figure 7 : Carte du relief Figure 8 : Cartographie de la pluviométrie Figure 9 : Situation du tracé par rapport aux différents cours d’eau Figure 10: Localisation des populations autochtones dans l’aire d’influence du projet CAB Figure 11 : Carte des sites archéologiques de la réserve de la Lopé 6 Liste des annexes Annexe 1 : Clauses Environnementales Annexe 2 : Mesures environnementales à intégrer dans le bordereau des prix Annexe 3 : Liste des personnes rencontrées Annexe 4 : Compte rendu des consultations publiques Annexe 5 : Bibliographie 7 Summary As part of the implementation of its Strategic Plan of the “Emerging Gabon”, especially the telecommunications sector development plan “Gabon Numérique”, the Government of the Republic of Gabon, through the Ministry of Communications, Posts and the Digital Economy (MCPEN) has requested and obtained from the World Bank a loan of $ 58 million dollars from the resources of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) under the 4th phase of the Central African Backbone Program 4 (CAB 4). The objective of CAB4 GABON is to increase the geographical coverage and the use of high capacity bandwidth network and reduce the costs of communication services in the territory of the Republic of Gabon. But the CAB4 CITGB Project (Central African Backbone) is a basic infrastructure project that could generate significant negative socio-environmental impacts if safeguards are not taken with regard to socio-environmental sensitivity of the areas it goes through (large urban centers and protected area: the LOPE). It is in this context and in order to make the project sustainable that the Gabonese Government decided to use the services of a consultant to conduct an environmental assessment of the project in accordance with the recommendations of the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and to comply with Gabonese regulations and the requirements of the World Bank (including OP 4.01). Objectives of the Study The impact assessment allows for: • Better mainstreaming of environment in the design of the project; • Pre-empting potential environmental impacts; • Research to improve the proposed actions; • The definition of corrective measures or alternatives. Methodology The methodological approach for the conduct of this work consisted of the following different steps: • Desk research and field work; • The establishment of the baseline at the project site; • Consultation with stakeholders (communities, technical services and local authorities); • Identification and assessment of the environmental and social impacts of the project; • Definition of corrective actions, and alternatives, and provisions for environmental compliance; • The development of the Environmental and Social Management Plan, including standardized measures that allow the project to comply with the different regulations and relevant standards, strengthening institutional capacity and the program monitoring/surveillance. This approach has allowed the development of the ESIA report focusing on: • The description of the main components of the project; • Regulations that the project must comply with; • The institutional framework for the project implementation; 8 • The initial state of the biophysical, socio-economic and cultural environment to assess the potential presence of resources and sensitive receptors with particular value which could be subject to significant impacts due to the project; • Identification of potential impacts and mitigation options involving prevention. Indeed, whenever a potential significant adverse impact is suspected, a practical and effective option for
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    REPORT OF THE AFRICAN for Indigenous Affairs Indigenous for International Work Group Group Work International COMMISSION’S WORKING GROUP ON INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS/COMMUNITIES N O RESEARCH AND INFORMATION VISIT TO et des Peuples des et des Droits de l’Homme l’Homme de Droits des THE REPUBLIC OF GABON Commission Africaine Africaine Commission 15-30 September 2007 REPUBLIC OF GAB REPUBLIQUE DU GAB 15-30 Septembre 2007 Septembre 15-30 EN REPUBLIQUE DU GABON DU REPUBLIQUE EN African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights VISITE DE RECHERCHE ET D’INFORMATION D’INFORMATION ET RECHERCHE DE VISITE O N COMMUNAUTÉS AUTOCHTONES COMMUNAUTÉS SUR LES POPULATIONS / / POPULATIONS LES SUR International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs DE LA COMMISSION AFRICAINE AFRICAINE COMMISSION LA DE RAPPORT DU GROUPE DE TRAVAIL DE GROUPE DU RAPPORT RAPPORT DU GROUPE DE TRAVAIL DE LA COMMISSION AFRICAINE SUR LES POPULATIONS / COMMUNAUTÉS AUTOCHTONES VISITE DE RECHERCHE ET D’INFORMATION EN REPUBLIQUE DU GABON 15-30 Septembre 2007 La Commission africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples a pris note de ce rapport lors de sa 45ème session ordinaire, 13-27 mai 2009 Commission Africaine des Droits International Work Group de l’Homme et des Peuples for Indigenous Affairs (CADHP) 2010 RAPPORT DU GROUPE DE TRAVAIL DE LA COMMISSION AFRICAINE SUR LES POPULATIONS / COMMUNAUTÉS AUTOCHTONES VISITE DE RECHERCHE ET D’INFORMATION EN REPUBLIQUE DU GABON 15– 30 Septembre 2007 © Copyright: CADHP et IWGIA Mise en page: Jorge Monrás Imprimerie: Eks-Skolens Trykkeri, Copenhague, Danemark ISBN: 978-87-91563-74-4 Distribution en Amerique du Nord: Transaction Publishers 300 McGaw Drive Raritan Center - Edison, NJ 08857 www.transactionpub.com COMMISSION AFRICAINE DES DROITS DE L’HoMME ET DES PEUPLES (CADHP) No 31 Bijilo Annex Layout Kombo North District, Western Region B.P.