Ukrainian Light Vehicle

ukrainian defense review ] The service of «KrAZ» ber-December 2014 o Oct

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UKRAINIAN DOZORLIGHT VEHICLE

MICROWAVE RAIDERS MSARMATulti-target NewFROM advantages UKRAIN E remote weapon MASSAULTi-24G – South POW AfricanER and Ukrainian for self-protection station modernization for Azerbaijan means

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hot topic electronic intelligence

Electronic40 PASS reconnaissanceIVE LOCATION had always been of particular importance for the armed forces, pro- Ukrainian army began to take delivery of all-terrain wheeled viding information of interest to the country’s 10 KRAZ TRUCKS ON MILITARY SERVICE top political leadership. Produced in Ukraine vehicles produced by KRAZ PJSC Kolchuga station had provided detection capabilities for both ground and airborne radio emitters

hydrodevices

44 «SEA WOLF» SonobuoysHUNT areER Sused for cooperation detecting submerged objects in primary and sec- direct speech ondary hydroacoustic South30 Ass Africaault and Ukraine pow ehaver im- fields. Also, there are plemented a collaborative program radio sonobuoys for 18 WE OFFER OUR CUSTOMERS to upgrade the Azerbaijan Air Force special applications Mi-24 attack helicopters to the Mi- which are capable AN EXTENSIVE RANGE 24G Super ‘Hind’ standard of detecting electric fields and magnetic InterviewOF withARMOR CEO ofED Streit VE GroupHICLES disturbances generated by submarines.

radars

hi-tech 48 Quantum leap by Ukraine’s defense 34 MICROWAVE In thee USSR,lectronic the equipments ind designedustry and developed by SE RI “Kvant” was seen light armor DIVERSIONIST deployed on all but every surface naval FROM UKRAINE ship, strategic submarine and different Some countries have recently invested types of commercial ships great effort and resources in developing Engineers24 UNDE at RKharkiv THE GUARMorozovD MachineOF DOZOR Design and building high-power microwave tech- Bureau have developed the DOZOR family of nology. However, few of the countries have high-mobility tactical vehicles. The civilian variant been successful in this sphere. Remarkably is designated DOZOR-A and military DOZOR-B. enough, one of such countries is Ukraine.

Arms Export and Defense Industrial Complex of Ukraine Our Address UKRAINIANSerhiy ZGURETS – Head defe & Editor-in-Chiefnse R DefenseEVIE ExpressW Media & Consulting Company, [email protected], In cooperation with: Valerii RIABYKH – Director of Development Defense Express Media & Consulting Company, [email protected], 10 Illinska Str, off.5, Volodymyr KOPCHAK – Deputy Director – Editor of «Arms export and defense industry of Ukraine» Magazine, [email protected], Kyiv, Ukraine, 04070 Center for Army Conversion Аnton MIKHNENKO – Deputy Director – Editor of «Ukrainian Defense Review» Magazine, [email protected], Phone: +38 (044) 425-42-10, & Disarmament Studies Mykhailo SAMUS – The Head of Defense Express Media & Consulting Company European Bureau (Prague, Czech Republic), +38 (044) 425-16-22 Founder & Director – Mark KANARSKY – Art Director, Sergey POPSUEVICH – Photographer, Janna DYOMINA – Translator [email protected] Valentyn BADRAK reforms and trends news

Ukraine to step up domestic arms production

Ukrainefor willth increasee country The State Defense’s Procurement own militaryey, taxpayers’ money on re -needserything that the Ukrainian ar- domestic production Order will be fully based on the les- search programs that nobody my needs - from bullet-proof of arms to meet the re sons learnt by the Ukrainian Armed needs and that have only served vests to thermal imagers,» quirements of its own mil Forces [and] National Guard in to the elements of theft. Today, Poroshenko said. itary forces, the President combat operations in the east [of Ukrainian production [compa- «The Ukrainian army will be able of Ukraine, Petro Poro the country],» the statement said. nies] will be loaded with [or- to fight in a way that will be effec- shenko has said as quoted «There will be no more wast- ders] for precision weapons sys- tive, mobile, and professional,» by his press office. ing of billions of people’s mon- tems, Ukrainian drones, and ev- the head of state said.

SpecialSpecial Operations Ope rations Force to be set up inrest inU easternkrain Ukraine,e while speaking to a cele- Force (SOF) will be set where fierce fighting has bration meeting at Ivan up in Ukraine to com continued between gov- Cherniakhovsky National plement the capabil ernment troops and pro- Defense University of ities of the Ukraine Russian separatist groups. Ukraine. Armed Forces’ air, “The Special Operations The new force will be land and naval forces, Force will be trained in formed from personnel of the Interim Minister rapid response to simi- some military units, Koval of Defense has said. lar attacks at the coun- said, without specifying The move comes amid un- try”, Mykhailo Koval said the identities of the units.

2 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 Ukrainian government allocates $790MN to Armed Forces Ukraine’s Cabinet of Ministers has made Hr 9.494 billion ($790 million) avail able to the military and in ternal security forces. The text of the Cabinet of Ministers decree ordering the disbursement of the funds was posted on the Government’s website on 31 July 2014. The money will pay for programs such as the purchase of housing for and one-time payments to fami- lies of military and internal security personnel killed in action; the provision of winter supplies for the military; the overhaul and acquisition of arms and military equipment. Of the Hr 9.494 billion disbursed, Hr 8.987 billion is intended for the Defense Ministry and the rest for the Main Department of Intelligence. Ukraine can obtain U.S. The latest disbursement of funds will bring Ukraine MoD’s 2014 budget to Hr 30 billion ($2.5 billion). ally status without

TheNATO U.S. Congress m passedem in twobe rtos thehi law onp natural gas in order to imple- readings the draft law on the pre ment emergency procedures for the approv- Embargo vention of Russian aggression, ac al of natural gas exports to members of the cording to which the Republic of World Trade Organization, and encourages on deliveries of Moldova, Ukraine and Georgia are the United States Agency for International granted the status of the U.S. allies Development (USAID), the Agency for precision weapons without the membership in NATO. Trade and Development, Overseas Private to Ukraine lifted The draft law is passed over to the special- Investment Corporation (OPIC) and the Advisor to the President of ized commission for preparing it to be ad- World Bank Group to support assistance to Ukraine Yuriy Lutsenko in opted in the final reading. The draft law pro- Ukraine, Georgia and Moldova in the exploi- formed on the air in TSN vides for granting the status of an ally with- tation of natural gas, oil, and the develop- news that the embargo on out NATO membership for the whole period ment of alternative energy sources. the delivery of precision while each of these countries will meet cer- The document prohibits all federal depart- weapons to Ukraine had tain criteria with the view of transfer or po- ments and agencies to take any actions been lifted. Lutsenko did not tential transfer of defence systems and de- aimed at recognizing the sovereignty of answer the questions on wheth- fence services. The draft law recommends the Russian Federation over the Crimea, or er weapons could be supplied to the U.S. President Barack Obama to in- any other provision of support to the ille- Ukraine in the shortest time. He crease U.S. military cooperation with the gal annexation of the Crimea by the Russian just said that it was a secret infor- Armed Forces of Ukraine, Georgia, Moldova, Federation. In addition, recommends the mation and this question must have Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Secretary of State to strengthen democrat- been addressed to the Ministry of Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro and ic institutions, independent media, political Defence rather than a civilian citizen Serbia, and strengthen the assistance of and non-governmental organizations of the like himself. the United States and NATO in provid- former Soviet Union and enhance educa- ing the security of these countries. In ad- tional and cultural exchange with the states dition, the draft provides for amendments of the former Soviet Union.

3 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 / air news

China will export 24 of its Hongdu L-15 Falcon jet trainers fitted with Ukrainian engines toChina’s Ve Hongdunezue Aviationla Industry Corporation (HAIG) has signed a contract to export 24 of its L-15 Falcon jet trainers to Venezuela Air Force, HAIG said on its micro blog at Weibo.com., one of China’s most popular social media websites. Each of the aircraft will be fitted with two Ukranian Motor-Sich AI-222-25F turbofan engines with afterburner. First reports that the Venezuelan Ministry of Defense selected China’s L-15 Falcon trainers came in April 2014. United States During a speech to air force acade- my cadets in Aragua, Admiral Carmen Melendez, the country’s defense minister, said that the nation has chosen to to expand military purchase L-15s from China. Melendez confirmed the plans on Apr. 4 after a meeting with President Nicolas At the request of the Ukrainian and needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Maduro, and said that the Venezuelan governmentaid tothe United U Stateskrain is the followinge defensive equipment, servic- Air Force has already begun the process planning to provide military and es and training: of importing the Chinese trainer air- technical aid to Ukraine includ 1) anti-tank weapons and ammunition. craft. However, no details on the deal ing weapons and military equip 2) anti-aircraft weapons or specific delivery times were revealed. ment in accordance with the bill and ammunition. It is expected that the already pur- on the prevention of Russian ag 3) vehicle installed arms chased K-8W trainers will be relocat- gression which has passed two and ammunition. ed to pilot training and aircraft main- Congress readings. The document was 4) Small arms and ammunition, tenance center at Base Aérea Rafael passed to the Committee on Foreign Affairs including pistols, submachine guns, Urdaneta, Maracaibo (the municipality for its adoption in the final reading as stat- assault rifles, grenade launchers of San Fransisco, Zulia State), while the ed on the official website of Congress on and sniper rifles. L-15 Falcons would be to equip Grupo Thursday, July 17. As stated in the docu- 5) armoured vehicles. Aereo de Caza No.12 (GAC-12 - Fighter ment, the U.S. President has the right to 6) high mobility multipurpose Group No.12) at the Vicente Landaeta grant to the Government of Ukraine at the wheeled vehicles. Gil airbase in Barquisimeto, which is the request of the government, as appropri- 7) inflatable boats. location of the Venezuelan Air Force’s ate and in accordance with the capabilities 8) vests and so on. fighter pilot school.

4 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 Antonov completes fuselage assembly of

Onfir 29 Julys 2014,t A fuselagen-178 as military transport aircraft sembly of the first An-178 medium transport aircraft was completed by Antonov State Enterprise, the com pany’s press-service reports. “Now final assembly of the aircraft will start: mating of major airframe components (wings, em- pennage, pylons, nacelles, etc.), installation of aircraft systems, testing of aircraft equipment and prep- aration of the aircraft for its maid- en flight and certification testing. A special aspect of this project is that is was carried out using pa- per-free technique during design and production of the aircraft. The technique employs state-of-the- art PLM software NX/TeamCenter craft of the family are able to car- port aircraft is supposed to per- tainerized loads of all catego- comprising electronic annotated ry from 68 to 99 passengers). The form, including the provision of ries existing in the world, includ- 3D models, which helped shorten jets demonstrated good perfor- military logistic support, car- ing large 1C shipping containers, development time and labor inten- mance during operation under go and personnel airdrop, mede- Antonov said. sity of design, production and as- various climatic and weather con- vac operations, air transporta- Antonov expects the An-178 to re- sembly of the first prototype”, - the ditions, on unpaved and high-alti- tion of light vehicles, and the de- place older types including the company said. tude airfields. livery of equipment and engines. popular An-12 as well as the C-160, The An-178 is a new member of “The An-178 will perform with suc- Moreover, the An-178 is unique in of which 1,400 and 200 units were An-148/158 family (passenger air- cess all the tasks a military trans- that is can carry palletized or con- built respectively.

‘M‘Motorotor-Sich’ is- toSich ’said to representative deliv ofe r Mmanageri-2M of theSB compa he- licoflightp oft Mi-2MSB,ers CEOin of2015 portant for operation supply first Mi-2MSB the company. According ny. The Mi-2MSB helicop- ‘Motor Sich’ Vyacheslav in European countries, helicopters under to him ‘Motor Sich’ plans ter is powered with up- Boguslayev noted that higher lifting capaci- Ukrainian state or to supply upgraded Mi- graded fuel-efficient en- work on the develop- ty and fuel efficiency.» ders in 2015. «The vol- 2MSB helicopters initial- gines AI-450M with take- ment of Mi-2MSB mod- The price of an upgrad- ume of the order will ly to Ukrainian customers off power up to 465 hp ification had been com- ed helicopter accounts depend on the avail- only. «First of all these will created jointly by Motor pleted in a record-break- for USD 4.5 million while able budget resourc- include the military au- Sich JSC and SE Progress ing time. «What we the brand new helicop- es. According to our es- thorities and state emer- Ivchenko, new avion- have got today is virtual- ter costs USD 15 million. timates Ukrainian state gency service, possibly ics and advanced con- ly a new helicopter with Mi-2MSB can operate as customers need the min- the Ministry of Health. trol system. During the new peformance char- a patrol, rescue, ambu- imum of 50 upgraded We have not considered meeting with journal- acteristics: lower noise lance and military heli- Mi-2MSB helicopters,» commercial orders,» said ists dedicated to the first level, which is very im- copter.

5 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 / [ новости ] land Lviv’s LORTA introduces new radar system State Factory LORTA of Lviv (a state-owned company incorporated with Ukroboronprom news defense industries holding group), has de signed and built a new millimeter wave ra dar system and introduced it at “Arms and Security 2014” Exhibition in Kiev. Originally designed for helicopter installation for use in collision/obstacle warning roles, the radar is suitable for operation in reduced visibility environments and is capable of detecting an electricity transmission line from 300-600 meters, Dmytro Kuzminsky, director of the R&D unit at the Company, said in an interview with Defense Express. Functionality of the new radar can be expanded to include surveillance and target acquisition. This could be achieved by way of upgrading the radar’s data handling capabilities, on which LORTA is currently working in a collaborative effort with Lviv’s Radio Engineering Institute. This upgraded radar could be installed onto military armored vehicles for use in target detection role, Kuzminsky said.

Another five Oplot MBTs being prepared for

Kharkivdelive Malyshevry to T Planthailan (KMP)d will ship the second batch of five Oplot main battle tanks to Thailand by the end of September, Mykola Belov, director general of KMP, told reporters. Production of the five Oplot MBTs is now almost completed, and deliveries under the Oplot MBT contract with Thailand, which includes 49 vehicles, will BLIK-2 WEAPONS STATION be finished by the end of 2015, Belov said, and added: “A number of the vehicles have already undergone welding work, while hulls for others are in the MAKKiev’s ArmorES Factory, DEB a stateUT compa AT Aguns,DE aX-2014 30mm grenade launcher and a process of welding and mechanical treatment; so ny incorporated with Ukroboronprom smoke grenade dispenser system – all inte- production process of the tanks is going on”. state defense industries holding grated into a single turret. The turret can al- group, introduced its “Blik-2” weap so be used against aerial targets flying at al- on station at ADEX-2014 International titudes of up to 1,000 meters. Defense Industry Exhibition in Baku, The turret is controlled remotely from dis- Azerbaijan, Defense Express was told tances up to 50 meters. It is suitable for in- by Serhiy Tuzov, Marketing Director stallation both on vehicles (wheeled or at the Factory. tracked) and stationary facilities. It features The Blik-2 is an integrated machine-gun/ an optical TV sight with 47 degrees FOV. grenade launcher turret designed to en- The Blik-2 weapon station has been select- gage enemy personnel, vehicles and ed to equip the ‘Dozor-B’ Light Armored ground-based targets of other kinds. It is Vehicle and other combat vehicle types pro- comprised of 7.62mm and 12.7mm machine- duced in Ukraine.

6 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / Oct Octoobbeer-Dr-Deceecmbembere 2014r 2014 Orizon-Navigation showed

Orizonoff-Navigation, its an stateewly- designed products owned company incorporated with Ukroboronprom defense industries holding group, in troduced a number of its most recent designs at “Arms and Security 2014” exhibition in Kiev. These included the CH-4004 “Karat”, a rugged soldier computer designed to provide navigation and situational awareness to dismounted soldiers supporting combat operations in tough environments. Designed as component part of a future soldier’s information and navigation system optimized for dismounted C4I, the Karat would provide connectiv- ity to the Army/Special Operations tactical C4I networks. It would improve in- tra-unit data communication and coordination between the dismounted soldier and his leader. Moreover, Orizon-Navigation is currently developing an integrated personal C4ISR system comprised of a CH- 3003M personal navigation device, a laser rangefinder, an electronic compass and a range of other devices. The system is now undergoing the State Trials process that is potentially leading to Approval for Service Use.

Antonov planning to build UAVs fStateor Company Ukrain e’smeet A rmthe requireed Forc andes published the future UAV Antonov has ad ments of the coun in “Delo” weekly projects have not dressed a letter to try’s Armed Forces business newspaper. been disclosed by Mr. Ukraine’s President, and the whole securi “There is current- out this initiative with Kiva, neither did he re- Petro Poroshenko, ty sector. ly a broad range of un- the Ministry of Defense,” veal whether Antonov proposing that the manned aerial vehicles Kiva said. would engage with for- Company launch pro This came in an inter- raging in mass from 50 Accurate details on eign partners in this ef- duction of unmanned view given by Dmytro kg to up to several tons. physical characteris- fort, as is usual practice aerial vehicles to Kiva, CEO of Antonov, We are now working tics or specifications of worldwide.

7 UkrainianUkrainian DEFE DEFENSEN SEREV RIEVEWIEW / Oct/ Octoobber-Der-Deecceembmbeerr 2014 2014 / / [ новости ] land news UKRSPETSTECHNIKA SHOWED OFF ITS NEW INTEGRATED SYSTEM At the “Arms and Security 2014” ex within a frequency range from 20 to hibition in Kiev, Joint-Stock Holding 2,500 MHz. Company “Ukrspetstechnika” re The radar sensor is capable of maxi- Morozov Machinery vealed a prototype of its integrat mum detection ranges of 3,000 me- ed reconnaissance and electron ters for a human being and 6,000 me- Design Bureau completes ic countermeasure system called ters for a vehicle; while the thermal im- development on a new “Jab”, Defense Express was told by ager can detect human beings out to V. Kosheva, CEO of the Company. 2,400 meters and vehicles out to 6,600 machine gun turret for meters. The full set of the system’s light armored vehicles The Jab system is designed with capabil- equipment is compact enough to fit on Kharkiv’s Morozov Machinery Design ities for the detection, classification and a single light armored car. Bureau has completed development identification of ground moving targets on a new machine gun turret for light and slow, low flying targets, as well as for armored vehicles, “Ukraine Industrial” radio monitoring/interception, jamming online publication reported on warfare and target acquisition. September 29, 2014. The system provides the capabilities as follows: The new turret was designed based on les- • Automatic detection (by a radar sen- sons learnt from recent local military conflicts sor) and the provision of geographical- as well as BTR-4/BTR-3E1 APC operations in ly referenced data and detailed descrip- the ongoing anti-terrorist campaign in east- tion (via optical sensor) of ground mov- ern Ukraine. ing targets of all kinds; The machine gun turret, which has received • Detection of hostile communication/ the nomenclature BPU-12.7, is designed to telecommunication links mount on light armored vehicles. Targets that and radio-radar em- can be engaged with this machine gun tur- placements; ret are hostile armored vehicles as well as aer- • Jamming of hostile ial targets (helicopters) at ranges up to 2,000 communication links, meters, at day or night. radio-radar assets, GPS The BPU-12.7 turret is suitable for installation receivers and IED radio links on platforms such as Dozor-B and BRDM-2 armored military vehicles and armored vehicles based on KrAZ truck chassis. The BPU-12.7 installed on a Dozor-B armored vehicle underwent a number of tests. It has been selected for equip- ping the Dozor-B and KrAZ-Cougar vehicles slated for delivery to Ukraine’s National Guard. A non-stabilized turret that can run auton- omously, the BPU-12.7 is controlled remotely from operator’s station. Related fire control system is comprised of a: • Color TV camera • Thermal imaging camera • Laser rangefinder

8 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 Ukrainian Armed Forces to get armored

Theam healthb andulanc lives of the es derived from BTR-4E APC Ukrainian soldiers support ing combat operations in the east of the country will be better protected with the delivery of the BMM-4C ar mored ambulance vehicles. The BMM-4C armored ambulance, which is a variant of the BTR-4E armored personnel carrier, is slated for Approval for Service Use in Ukraine’s Armed Forces after completion of the State Trials process, which is expected soon. A production line for the the BMM-4C armored ambulance vehicle, which was designed and developed by Kharkiv’s Morozov Machinery Design Bureau, has been set up at Kharkiv’s Special Machinery Factory (both of the companies are incorporated with es were delivered for export by tion equipment and blood trans- of injured persons from disaster Ukroboronprom defense indus- Ukroboronprom. fusion equipment. affected areas. tries holding group). The interior of the vehicle has The vehicle provides reliable ar- The BMM-4C armored ambulance The first two production-stan- room reserved for defensive mor protection for the crew and will be used as battalion level ini- dard BMM-4C ambulance vehi- weapons, stretchers, a storage patients. It is designed to sup- tial medical treatment vehicle. cles are scheduled for delivery container for medicines and medi- port initial medical treatment and Experts estimate that armored to the Ukrainian Armed Forces al items, a thermo container, and evacuation of critically wounded ambulances should be available by the beginning of October. storage containers for mechanical soldiers from the battlefield, and at a rate of one vehicle per battal- Previously, BMM-4C ambulanc- ventilation equipment, defibrilla- it can also be used for evacuation ion-size unit.

BTheTR-3M2 Ukrainian Army MORTAR The BTR-3M2 CARRI was de- ER READY FOR STATE TRIALS equipment for users op- will have a new mor signed as a 120mm mor- erating in hot climactic tar carrier, the BTR- tar carrying configuration conditions. 3M2, added to its of the proven BTR-3E1 ar- Production-standard fleet of armored mored personnel carrier. BTR-3M2 vehicles vehicles. Like the BTR-3E1, the will equip units of the Two BTR-3M2 vehicles BTR-3M2 is an amphib- Ukrainian Army and will be delivered to the ious vehicle capable of National Guard. Ukrainian Army for State water speeds of up 10 Previously, Kiev’s Armor Trials in the nearest km/h. The height of the Plant developed the time, Roman Romanov, vehicle’s troop compart- BTR-3M APC equipped CEO of Ukroboronprom ment was increased to with a 81mm mortar as defense industries hold- make enough space for required by an export ing group, has said. optional air conditioning customer.

9 UkrainianUkrainian DEFE DEFENSEN SEREV RIEVEWIEW / Oct/ Octoobber-Der-Deecceembmbeerr 2014 2014 / / [ hot topic ]

Ukrainian army began to take delivery of all-terrain wheeled vehicles produced by KrAZ PJSC

10 KRAZ / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 TRUCKS ON MILITARY SERVICE 11 KRAZ TRUCKS ON MILITARY SERVICUkrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014E / [ hot topic ]

wheeled vehicle fleet re- ter obstacles to a water Multipurpose wheeled vehi- quires overhaul or re- depth of 1.5 meters, and cles comprise the core of tac- placement with more to travel through 0.6- tical wheeled vehicle fleets of modern equivalents, the meter (2ft) deep snow. AvtoKrAZ and any armed forces in the world. Company created a fam- Streit Group joint- The Spetsnaz trucks As well as personnel and cargo ily of trucks with 4x4, ly developed ar- being delivered to the transportation and truck trailer 6x6 and 8x8 wheel con- mored personnel Ukrainian Armed Forc- towing, these vehicles provide figurations, and pay- carriers named es come with warran- Cougar and platforms for a plethora of spe- load capacities rang- Spartan, which ty of five years or 30,000 cial-purpose vehicle types such ing from 5 to 22 tonnes. saw their first kilometers. as artillery towing trucks, fu- These trucks will form public demonstra- The wheeled utility ve- el trucks, mobile radar systems the core of specialist and tion on hicle type most frequently 22 July 2014. or mobile command and control special-purpose wheeled delivered to the Ukraini- centers. Chassis of multipur- vehicle fleet – a move an army is the KrAZ-6322 pose wheeled vehicles are used that is aimed to provide “Soldier” truck. This mil- as platforms for different weap- a higher level of system commo- itary truck evolved from the previ- ons systems, equipment and nality across the country’s tacti- ous KrAZ-260 model, from which it specialist technologies specific cal wheeled vehicle fleet and en- is differentiated in having a more to individual armed services. hance combat readiness status of capable engine, larger and heav- In Ukraine, specialist manufac- the Ukrainian Armed Forces. ier load capacity tires, as well as turer of multipurpose wheeled ve- In 2008, the Ukrainian military two 250L fuel tanks extending the hicles is Kremenchuk Automobile accepted for service use the 12t vehicle’s operating range to 1,400 Plant (otherwise known as Av- KrAZ-6322 “Soldier” 6x6 tactical kilometers. The KrAZ-6322 is pow- toKrAZ). KrAZ trucks for special truck, and, in 2011, the Ukraini- ered by Russian YaMZ-238D eight- purposes are well known in more an army began to take delivery cylinder V-type four-stroke turbo- than 40 countries worldwide; they of 6t KrAZ-5233VE “Spetsnaz” charged diesel engine developing were employed intensively in al- (or special-purpose”) 4x4 tactical 330hp. The vehicle’s load carrying most all military conflicts and trucks. During pre-service entry ability was increased to 10t+ (two wars of the 20th Century and the testing held in different climatic tons more than that of the 260 mod- beginning of the 21st Century. conditions and on different roads el), while maximum speed was im- AvtoKrAZ has developed a and off-road, the all-terrain vehi- proved to 85 km/h. comprehensive range of wheeled cle proved its ability to operate at The KrAZ-6322 has a three- vehicles with different drive temperatures ranging from mi- piece all-metal cab that is locat- configurations, roles and pro- nus 500 C to plus 600 C and at alti- ed behind the engine. The cargo tection levels. As almost 95% of tudes of up to 5,000 meters above platform is of metal construction the Ukrainian Armed Forces’ sea level, as well as to cross wa- fitted with rear drop side and a

12 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 ted with local armor protection, 0.7 m during a demonstration at making these vehicles suitable IDEX’ 2007 defense exhibition in for operation in high security Abu Dhabi, UAE. risk environments. Available in The KrAZ-5233VE The KrAZ-5233VE truck is de- both integral and add-on config- ‘Spetsnaz’ truck is signed to provide transport for urations, the armor protection designed to pro- military personnel, special forces vide transport for system is certified to STANAG military person- squads and peacekeeping troops; 4569 Level III. The KrAZ “Rap- nel, special forces as well as for transportation of tor” truck is built to survive squads and peace- provisions and supplies on vari- small arms fire from any direc- keeping troops; as ous on and off-road terrains. It can well as for trans- tion, as well as mine and IED det- portation of pro- also be used as tow truck for ar- onations. There is local armor visions and sup- tillery pieces of up to 152 caliber, protection provided for the driv- plies on various on freight trailers and special trailer and passengers in the cab. The and off-road ter- ers. The vehicle is fitted with cen- rains. It can also be armor protection in the form of used as tow truck tral tire pressure inflation system 10mm-thick ballistic steel plates for artillery pieces for improved off-road perform- is integral to the structure of the of up to 152 caliber, ance while travelling over soft ter- freight trailers and cab and engine compartment. Ar- rain. The vehicle can be built in special trailers mor protection of the cab is aug- right hand and left hand drive con- removable tarpaulin with bows. mented by the availability of an figurations to suit customer spec- Fold-back wooden bench seats are armored security module that ifications. Local armor protection fitted for troop transportation. has room for 20 fully equipped package is provided as an optional For improved riding ability, the personnel. The module features extra. KrAZ-5233VE trucks have vehicle has all wheel drive, while side and rear windows for im- already been made available to the transmission system com- proved situational awareness. the Ukrainian MoD and Emergen- prises a two-speed transfer gear The KrAZ-6322 “Raptor” was the cy Management Ministry where- with a lockable central differen- only thee-axle truck to be able to in they are employed as platforms tial, and rear drive axles with in- negotiate a vertical step of for various equipment and spe- terwheel differential locks. cial-purpose systems. As well as Ukraine, the KrAZ- At a defense technology ex- 6322 tactical truck is in mili- hibition in India in 2012, tary service with Iraq, Egypt, the Congo, Ni- geria, Vietnam, the PR of China, Angola, Georgia, Indonesia and Azerbaijan. The KrAZ-6322 family of all- terrain trucks includes derivatives fit-

13 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 / [ hot topic ]

AvtoKrAZ unveiled an armored personnel carrier vehicle equipped with Mine Resist- ant Ambush Protected (MRAP) capabilities. MRAP vehicles are characterized by having large road clearance and usually have a V-shaped hull to deflect explosive forces from land mines and IEDs below the vehicle. Such vehicles can accommodate infantry units of up to squad size, providing all-round protection against small-arms threats, including large-diame- ter bullets. Vehicles in this category are well suited for use in counter-insurgent operations, patrol missions, convoy security missions, and reconnaissance missions. Being air-de- ployable by military transport aircraft, these vehicles could be used by light brigade teams for rapid troop transport. 12.7 machine gun, PKMS 7.62 ma- blast absorbing material “Thi- AvtoKrAZ, in partnership chine gun, and AGS-17 or AGU- ka Mineplate” filling floor and with Indian company SHRI 40 automatic grenade launchers. sidewalls hollow cavity walls LAKSHMI DEFENCE SOLU- Other weapon options are avail- has thickness of 12-25 mm and AvtoKrAZ, TIONS LTD (SLDSL) (Kanpur), able, including a Ukrainian pro- weight of 19 kg/m2 (for 12mm- in partnership with has built a new armored KrAZ- Indian compa- duced ATGM system and a re- thick material), which pro- 01-1-11/SLDSL truck. The de- ny SHRI LAKSHMI mote weapon station. Eight fir- vides a significant weight reduc- signer defines the new truck as DEFENCE ing ports are provided to allow tion comparing with same-size SOLUTIONS LTD Mine Protected Vehicle (MPV) rifles and other small arms to be 6-8mm ballistic steel plates. The (SLDSL) (Kanpur), armored personnel carrier. The has built a new ar- used from within the vehicle. The designer claims that armor pro- KrAZ-01-1-11/SLDSL multi-pur- mored KrAZ-01- KrAZ-01-1-11/SLDSL standard tection of vertical walls, bullet- pose armored personnel carrier 1-11/SLDSL truck. mission equipment includes com- proof windows and engine com- The designer de- is designed to carry personnel fines the new truck munication equipment and EO/ partment meets STANAG 4569 and provide fire support, and as Mine Protected IR camera systems for all-round Level 3А (7.62 x 51 AP at 30 me- can be used as carrier platform Vehicle (MPV) ar- day/night situational awareness. ters with 930/ms). Blast absorb- for various weapons and equip- mored personnel Monocoque design, armoring material “Thika Mineplate” carrier. ment. Based on the KrAZ-5233- plated body, double doors and exceeds requirements of STAN- VE right-hand drive chassis side walls with hollow cavity be- AG 4569 Level 2 (6 kg blast AT cab 4х4, it is motorized by the tween the walls filled with blast mine explosion pressure acti- YaMZ-238DE2 rated at 330 hp. resistant material up to 25 mm vated under any wheel or mine The KRAZ-01-1-11/SLDSL ar- in thickness, V-shaped three- explosion under center hull). mored truck has seats for 12 per- wall hull to deflect the blast ef- The KRAZ-01-1-11/SLDSL ar- sonnel (2+10), the troop compart- fect are provided to ensure pro- mored truck, jointly developed ment being equipped with mine tection from small arms and as private venture by the Ukrain- blast resistant seats. Crew mem- mine threats. ian and Indian companies, is ob- bers and passengers enter and ex- Indian engineers have placed viously targeted at markets in In- it the vehicle via two-piece rear armor plating around the most dia and other countries in South- door. The vehicle is equipped important truck units: cab, pow- east Asia, Africa and Latin Amer- with the Rigel MK1 360° rotat- er plant, fuel tanks, storage bat- ica, especially those which have ing turret accommodating light teries, transmission compo- large fleets of Ukrainian-built weapons that can include NSVT nents and transport module. The 4x4 and 6x6 wheeled off-road ve-

14 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 protected vehicles. The Shrek includes remotely controlled Air APC is offered in three configura- Digger and Water Disruptor. tions – the KrAZ – Personnel Car- The first 30 Shrek vehicles rier, KrAZ – Ambulance and KrAZ in various configurations have – RCV (route clearance vehicle been delivered to the United equipped with a rake-type artic- Nations Organization. The ve- ulated robotic arm used for route hicles are currently used in civ- proving). The design of the Shrek il protection and road clearance MRAP vehicle is based on a KrAZ- missions in Mali and other cri- 5233 4x4 all-terrain military truck. sis areas in Africa. The vehicle features a V-shaped Apart from the Shrek vehicle, hull and provides B6 + / STANAG AvtoKrAZ and Streit Group joint- 4569 level 2 ballistic protection. It is ly developed armored personnel fitted with a central tire pressure carriers named Cougar and Spar- regulation system, and run-flat in- tan, which saw their first public serts are installed in the tires. demonstration on 22 July 2014. The KrAZ MPV TC (Shrek The Cougar 4x4 APC is light ar- One) is another MRAP design, mored vehicle personnel carrier jointly developed with Stre- that is ideally suited for combat op- it Group of Canada. The Shrek erations in urban environments. One is equipped with advanced It can be equipped with various weapons and self-defense equip- types of weapon stations and tur- ment (both active and passive). rets armed with 7.62mm or 12.7mm Armor system of this MRAP machine guns or a 40mm automat- hicles in various configurations vehicle provides all-round pro- ic grenade launcher. The vehicle used for military purposes or tection against Soviet 7.62x39 mm is based on Toyota Land Cruiser commercial freight transporta- armor-piercing ammunition as 79 chassis. It is motorized with a tion. As well as export markets, well as shell splinters and gre- Toyota 4.5L six-cylinder gasoline the development of the vehicle nade shrapnel. The vehicle has engine rated at 240 hp or a Toyota was aimed at possible Ukrainian a V-shaped hull. It withstands 4.5L turbo diesel engine rated at 218 Army requirement. blasts equivalent to 14 kg of TNT hp. It has length of 5,352 mm and AvtoKrAZ announced in 2012 under any wheel, or 7 kg of TNT wheelbase of 3,180 mm, with road that it had teamed up with other anywhere under the hull. clearance of 300 mm. With a 180L companies to produce new MRAP The KrAZ MPV is powered fuel tank, the vehicle is capable of vehicles. Particularly the KrAZ by a YaMZ-238D turbocharged speeds up to 105 km/h (65 mph). ASV/APC/2013 was jointly devel- diesel engine developing 330 A well armed armored vehi- oped with Ares Security Vehicles hp, mated to manual 9JS150- cle weighing almost 8t, the Spar- of United Arab Emirates and un- TA-B transmission. Alternative- tan 4x4 APC is based on Ford veiled at IDEX-2013 exhibition. ly Deutz or Cummins diesel en- F550 chassis. It is motorized by This multi-purpose vehicle is de- gines can be installed. Windows FORD V8-6.7L turbo diesel en- signed to provide personnel trans- are made with multilayer bullet- gine coupled to a five-speed au- port and fire support. Based on proof glass with a polycarbonate tomatic transmission. It has the KrAZ-5233VE 4x4 chassis, the inner layer. length of 6,020 mm, wheelbase of armored personnel carrier has The KrAZ – RCV is used for 3,576 mm, and road clearance of all wheel drive and is motorized route-proving and to dispose dis- 510 mm. With a 257L fuel tank, by Russian YaMZ-238DE2 engine covered mines, IEDs and other ex- the vehicle is capable of speeds coupled to 9JS150TA-B transmis- plosive hazards. The vehicle is fit- up to 110 km/h (68.4 mph). sion gearbox. The vehicle has ar- ted with a high-tech Grasping rake- After the first public demon- mor protection certified to STAN- type articulated robotic arm used stration, the vehicles were sent AG 4569 Level 2 and Level 3. to handle suspicious items from a out to rebel-held east Ukraine. AvtoKrAZ is closely engaged distance. Crew can safely investi- Deliveries of production stand- with Streit Group in developing gate anything the arm can reach ard Cougar and Spartan vehi- new armored personnel carrier out to 20 meters away. The robot- cles to the Ukrainian Armed vehicles. These include the Shrek ic arm can manipulate payloads of Forces will begin as soon as in family of mine resistant ambush up to 200 kg. Optional equipment August 2014. UDR

15 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 / Design Year of Production entry – 1997. The all-terrain truck is designed Authority and to provide transport for military personnel, as well as for KrAZ-�� «Soldier» Manufacturer – transportation of artillery systems and provisions and supplies AvtoKRAZ PJSC, on various on and o -road terrains. The vehicle is used 6x6 tactical truck Ukraine as standard issue in the Ukrainian Armed Forces. 3260 LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY Cab Of all-metal construction, equipped 12,9 t with heating, ventilation and air , $95 000 2720 Gross weight conditioning (HVAC) systems Max price tag 8980 12 t Unit price will range Payload capacity from $60,000 to $90,000, MANEUVERABILITY KRAZ6322 “RAPTOR” ARMORED TRUCK 30 t Seats depending on equipment Permissible Fully adjustable in height, t and the number of The KrAZ-6322 family weight of the Fording Speed Road Side Gradient Vertical Trench Ascending/ Range towed trailer tilt and distance to the vehicles ordered depth clearance slope step descending includes variants fitted with angles local armor protection. steering wheel 1,2 m 85 0,37 m 25О 30О 0,7m 1,8 m 30/38О 1400 ENGINE km/h km Available in both integral and add-on configurations, The KrAZ-6322 6x6 truck is powered by Russian the armor protection is YaMZ-238D eight-cylinder V-type four-stroke Hoist winch system certified to STANAG 4569 turbocharged diesel engine developing 330hp, x Level III. Manually operated 6 6 A KrAZ-6322 “Raptor” MTTV coupled to a 8-9-speed manual transmission. with 55 m 12 t tactical truck is shown here performing a winch cable demonstration test during DERIVATIVES IDEX exhibition 1 – KrAZ-6322 PARM recovery vehicle 2 – KrAZ-6446 tractor truck 3 – KrAZ-63221 long-wheelbase chassis

The KrAZ-6322 has two 250 L fuel tanks. Fuel consumption – 35 l / 100 km 2

16 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 Design Year of Production entry – 1997. The all-terrain truck is designed Authority and to provide transport for military personnel, as well as for KrAZ-�� «Soldier» Manufacturer – transportation of artillery systems and provisions and supplies AvtoKRAZ PJSC, on various on and o -road terrains. The vehicle is used 6x6 tactical truck Ukraine as standard issue in the Ukrainian Armed Forces. 3260 LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY Cab Of all-metal construction, equipped 12,9 t with heating, ventilation and air , $95 000 2720 Gross weight conditioning (HVAC) systems Max price tag 8980 12 t Unit price will range Payload capacity from $60,000 to $90,000, MANEUVERABILITY KRAZ6322 “RAPTOR” ARMORED TRUCK 30 t Seats depending on equipment Permissible Fully adjustable in height, t and the number of The KrAZ-6322 family weight of the Fording Speed Road Side Gradient Vertical Trench Ascending/ Range towed trailer tilt and distance to the vehicles ordered depth clearance slope step descending includes variants fitted with angles local armor protection. steering wheel 1,2 m 85 0,37 m 25О 30О 0,7m 1,8 m 30/38О 1400 ENGINE km/h km Available in both integral and add-on configurations, The KrAZ-6322 6x6 truck is powered by Russian the armor protection is YaMZ-238D eight-cylinder V-type four-stroke Hoist winch system certified to STANAG 4569 turbocharged diesel engine developing 330hp, x Level III. Manually operated 6 6 A KrAZ-6322 “Raptor” MTTV coupled to a 8-9-speed manual transmission. with 55 m 12 t tactical truck is shown here performing a winch cable demonstration test during DERIVATIVES IDEX exhibition 1 – KrAZ-6322 PARM recovery vehicle 2 – KrAZ-6446 tractor truck 3 – KrAZ-63221 long-wheelbase chassis

The KrAZ-6322 has two 250 L fuel tanks. Fuel consumption – 35 l / 100 km 2

17 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 / [ direct speech ]

G. Goutorov: «WE OFFER OUR CUSTOMERS AN EXTENSIVE RANGE OF ARMORED VEHICLES AND

18 A / Ukrainian F DEFENLSE REVIEWE / OctobXIer-December 2014BLE SERVICE PACKAGE» Products by Streit Group, the world’s Shrek bomb disposal vehicle, lated robotic arm used to handle leading privately owned manufactur the Spartan police vehicle, the suspicious items weighting up to er of armored vehicles, were a special Varan armored personnel car- 200 kg -– from distances up to 20 thrill of Eurosatory 2014 International rier with a Ukrainian-built re- meters away. Optional equipment Defense Exhibition where the Company mote weapon station, the War- includes remotely controlled Air unveiled a number of its latest designs rior special operations vehicle Digger and Water Disruptor. and several types of armored The Shrek vehicle will be developed jointly with Ukrainian part fighting vehicles (AFV). available in three configurations: ners among others. The following is an KrAZ – Personnel Carrier, KrAZ interview conducted with Guerman How are relations with – Ambulance and KrAZ – RCV. Goutorov, CEO of Streit Group, by Ukraine going? What products The initial quantity of 30 ve- Defense Express on the Company’s do you make jointly hicles in various configurations achievements and plans for the future. [with Ukraine]? have been delivered to the Unit- We have a sufficiently long ed Nations Organization. The history of relations with Ukraine. vehicles are currently used in Mr. Goutorov, could you tell We have been actively engaged civil protection and road clear- us just a few words about with PAT «AvtoKrAZ». At Eu- ance missions in Mali and oth- your company. How long have rosatory-2014 we demonstrated er crisis areas in Africa. I hope you been on the market? the Shrek vehicle which we de- that orders for the Shrek will – Streit Group is, without ex- signed jointly with AvtoKrAZ. grow, as the vehicle has come aggeration, one of the world’s Shrek is a new mine resist- out very well. leading privately owned compa- ant ambush protected vehicle. Also at Eurosatory exhibi- nies providing wheels-up con- It is based on a KrAZ-5233 4x4 tion, we showcased for the first struction of its own vehicles as all-terrain military truck. The time the Varan 6x6 armored well as up-armoring of existing vehicle features a V-shaped hull personnel carrier. This was civilian vehicles for law enforce- and provides B6 + / STANAG a new experience to us since ment and civilian customers. 4569 level 2 ballistic protection. we worked primarily with the During its almost twenty A central tyre pressure regula- 4x4 axle configuration previ- years of existence, the compa- tion system is installed in the ously. The vehicle, nonethe- ny has significantly expanded vehicle, and run-flat inserts are less, has come out quite well its product portfolio to include installed in the tyres. enough. Transmission and bal- cash-in-transit vehicles, law-en- The Shrek route clearance ve- listic testing has been done this forcement and public security hicle (RCV) is fitted with a high- year. The vehicle weighs 18 vehicles, personal protection ve- tech Grasping rake-type articu- tonnes and can transport pay- hicles and vehicles for tactical units. Across all global production facilities, Streit has the ability to manufacture over 520 vehicles per month and to deliver its products to customers in more than 100 countries worldwide.

What did you bring to «Eurosatory 2014» defense exhibition? The company launched a family of armored vehicles for the transport of troops, which are primarily intended for border security, police and special operations forces. These are the

19 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 / [ close-up ] loads of up to two tonnes. It can accommodate eight passengers in addition to its crew of two. The Varan has a steel monocoque V-hull that provides ballistic and blast protection up to STANAG 4569 Level 4. In- stalled on a KAMAZ wheeled truck chassis, the Varan is powered by a Cummins 8.9-li- tre ISL 400 diesel driving all six wheels through an Allison 3200SP transmission. Streit Group will offer the vehicle in several configurations, and particularly the one with a SARMAT remote weapon station (RWS) produced by hibition saw the launch of to an electronically controlled Ukraine’s Luch design bureau. the Warrior armoured vehi 6-speed automatic gearbox. Partnership with that company cle armed with Belarusian- was a new experience to us, and One of the key ob- designed remote-control What are plans for the future we hope it will be a success. jectives is to create led anti-tank missile launch of the company as a whole? a family of armored er system Shershen-D. What One of the key objectives is to vehicles. For now How would you assess we have armored could you say about this de create a family of armored vehicles. potential for further fighting vehicles in velopment, and what is your For now we have armored fighting cooperation with Ukrainian 4x4 and 6x6 wheel outlook for this? vehicles in 4x4 and 6x6 wheel var- manufacturers? variants. At IDEX- Our Warrior is armed with iants. At IDEX-2015, we are plan- 2015, we are plan- At this point, we and PAT ning to launch an a specialist missile suite com- ning to launch an 8x8 vehicle. That “AvtoKrAZ” have another joint 8x8 vehicle. That is prising a Belarus-made launch- is to say, we are going to have a project aimed at the creation of to say, we are go- er station that fires Ukrainian- comprehensive range of wheeled a heavier 8x8 vehicle. In gener- ing to have a com- built missiles. This is a com- military vehicles in weight classes prehensive range al, we are planning to set up JV of wheeled military pletely new solution. I hope ranging from 5 tonnes to 26 tonnes. production lines for both heavy vehicles in weight it will sell, because it is rath- The next objective is expansion of and lighter armored vehicles in- classes ranging er unique. In road position, markets in Asia and South Amer- from 5 tonnes tended for law enforcement and the missile launcher station is ica. We are planning to deal with to 26 tonnes. border protection customers and stored inside the vehicle. In fir- polymers and active protection. other institutions of the security ing position, two hatches are We will further improve our ve- sector. The JV production could opened electrically on the vehicles, will enhance the levels of be set up on the basis that we will hicle roof and at the same time comfort and protection. provide the technology and the the missile launcher station And, most importantly, I Ukrainian partner will provide goes up automatically from in- would like to conclude with a manufacturing facilities. For side the vehicle to be placed in note that Streit Group has manu- smaller vehicles, Streit Group firing position. It takes 45 sec- facturing that is sufficiently flex- plans to provide repair kits. We onds to bring the launcher into ible. If a contract dealt with by a are intending that assembly of firing position. The missile can particular company cannot be vehicles of various configura- engage targets at a maximum completed on due time success- tions will be carried out precise- range of 5,500 meters. fully, it would be transferred to ly at PAT «AvtoKrAZ» facilities The Warrior weighs 8.9 any of the production plants we in Kremenchug. We are looking tonnes and has a payload capac- have around the world. And the forward to future fruitful cooper- ity of 1.1 tonnes. It has seats for fact as such that the company is ation with Ukraine. 12 personnel and a crew of two, privately owned allows for deci- and provides STANAG 4569 pro- sions to be made promptly, with- In addition to the Varan tection. The Warrior is motor- in a short space of time, and this vehicle equipped with a ized with a Ford V8 6.7l Turbo- is the approach we will continue Ukrainian-built RWS, the ex charged Diesel engine coupled to use in the future. UDR

20 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014

The remote weapon station Sarmat is designed to equip light TLC combat vehicles, small ships and coast guard boats. It is used The missile is SARMAT for attacks against modern armored vehicles, both moving delivered and transported MULTI TARGET REMOTE and stationary, as well as small targets, hovering helicopters, VARAN WARRIOR WEAPON STATION RWS surface targets and enemy personnel, by day and night. in a transport/ launch canister The Sarmat RWS made debut at Eurosatory- The Streit Group’s Warrior 4х4 vehicle (TLC) 2014 exhibition, mounted on Streit Group’s is armed with Belarusian Shershen-D Varan 6х6 armored personnel carrier. anti-tank missile launcher system that 12.7mm machine gun Headquartered in Canada, Streit Group has res the Ukrainian RK-2S missile. In Produced by Manroy Engineering, production facilities in all continents. The road position, the missile launcher The 29-kg weapon has 18-t vehicle can carry a 2-t payload. It can station is stored inside the vehicle. In maximum e ective accommodate eight passengers in addition ring position, two hatches are opened range of 1,830 meters. to its crew of two. The Varan is mounted on a electrically on the vehicle roof and at the KAMAZ truck chassis. Streit Group will o er same time the missile launcher station Thermal Imager the vehicle in several di erent con gurations, goes up automatically from inside the Selex ES «SLX-HAWK» Thermal including one equipped with the Luch’ vehicle to be placed in ring position. It Imaging (TI) camera provides high- Sarmat RWS. takes 45 seconds to bring the launcher resolution night vision capabilities into ring position. The Warrior weighs allowing day/night operation 8.9 tonnes and has a payload capacity of in all weathers. 1.1 tonnes. It has seats for 12 personnel and a crew of two.

Guidance Unit Produced by State Company «Izyum Instrument Engineering Factory», it provides precision target acquisition and missile control in ight. It uses laser beam riding guidance with an automatic target tracking capability.

KEY SPECIFICATIONS Dimensions of the RWS with full weapons complement ...... 1810 х 1030 х 618 mm Maximum rotation rate in azimuth and elevation ...... 300/sec The system can be traversed through ...... ±3600 and elevated from ...... from 10 до +450 Ready to re time ...... 20 sec

The system comprises four RK-3 missiles and two RK-2S missiles in transport-launch SKIF containers produced by State Company Luch Design Bureau. The missiles can Design Authority The man-portable anti-tank missile be tted with warheads of various types: tandem-charge high explosive, blast/ Luch State system ring the RK-2S missile is fragmentation, thermobaric or inert. With tandem-charge warhead, the RK-2S 420 kg Design Bureau available in domestic and export mass of module (Kiev) versions, designated Stugna-P missile is able to penetrate through 800mm thick armor. and Skif respectively. The system is manufactured in Belarus as Shershen, ring the RK-2S missile. RK3

BTR-3RK KOZAK LENGTH OF MISSILE IN TLC MASS OF MISSILE IN TLC ENGAGEMENT RANGE MISSILE CALIBER The youngest sibling Produced by NPO in the BTR-3E1 family Praktika of Kiev, the 1120 mm 14,6 kg 2500 m 107 mm of Ukrainian APC’s, light combat vehicle RK2S the BTR-3RK carries Kozak is seen here a turret system with equipped with the four ready-to- re Skif/Stugna-P man- RK-2S anti-tank m portable anti-tank missiles. system LENGTH OF MISSILE IN TLC MASS OF MISSILE IN TLC ENGAGEMENT RANGE MISSILE CALIBER ARMOR GAUGE 1360 mm 29,5 kg 5000 m 130 km 800mm

22 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 The remote weapon station Sarmat is designed to equip light TLC combat vehicles, small ships and coast guard boats. It is used The missile is SARMAT for attacks against modern armored vehicles, both moving delivered and transported MULTI TARGET REMOTE and stationary, as well as small targets, hovering helicopters, VARAN WARRIOR WEAPON STATION RWS surface targets and enemy personnel, by day and night. in a transport/ launch canister The Sarmat RWS made debut at Eurosatory- The Streit Group’s Warrior 4х4 vehicle (TLC) 2014 exhibition, mounted on Streit Group’s is armed with Belarusian Shershen-D Varan 6х6 armored personnel carrier. anti-tank missile launcher system that 12.7mm machine gun Headquartered in Canada, Streit Group has res the Ukrainian RK-2S missile. In Produced by Manroy Engineering, production facilities in all continents. The road position, the missile launcher The 29-kg weapon has 18-t vehicle can carry a 2-t payload. It can station is stored inside the vehicle. In maximum e ective accommodate eight passengers in addition ring position, two hatches are opened range of 1,830 meters. to its crew of two. The Varan is mounted on a electrically on the vehicle roof and at the KAMAZ truck chassis. Streit Group will o er same time the missile launcher station Thermal Imager the vehicle in several di erent con gurations, goes up automatically from inside the Selex ES «SLX-HAWK» Thermal including one equipped with the Luch’ vehicle to be placed in ring position. It Imaging (TI) camera provides high- Sarmat RWS. takes 45 seconds to bring the launcher resolution night vision capabilities into ring position. The Warrior weighs allowing day/night operation 8.9 tonnes and has a payload capacity of in all weathers. 1.1 tonnes. It has seats for 12 personnel and a crew of two.

23 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 / [ light armor ] Under the guard of Dozor

24 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 Engineers at Kharkiv Mo- Members of the DOZOR fam- Options include more power- rozov Machine Design Bu- ily are two-axis all-wheel drive ful IVECO engines develop- reau, which is part of the vehicles based on a common ing 136 hp or 197 hp, the lat- Ukroboronprom (Ukrain- 4x4 chassis. The vehicles are of- ter being mated to an automat- ian Defense Industries) fered with a choice of armored ic transmission. All the IVECO state-owned holding group, and unarmored cabs incorpo- engines for the DOZOR-series have developed the DOZOR rating many of the components vehicles are license-manufac- family of high-mobility tac- and subassemblies borrowed tured at an automobile plant in tical vehicles that are in- from the BTR-80 armored per- Kremenchuk. tended both for civil and sonnel carrier (APC). The Do- Suspension is of independ- military applications. The zor vehicle is motorized with ent type with A-type control civilian variant is desig- a four-cylinder turbocharged arms, with torsion springs in- nated DOZOR-A and mili- IVECO diesel engine coupled tegrated with hydraulic buff- tary DOZOR-B. to a mechanical transmission. ers on each of the four wheels.

25 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 / [ light armor ]

Wheel center members are of the same type as the ones found on the BTR-80 APC. Fu- el supply system comprises two fuel tanks, with filler holes on either side of the hull. Headlights, rear taillight clus- ters and turn indicators are of a conventional design and, if required, can be outfitted with standard blackout devices. Optional extras include a GPS receiver, air conditioning system, night vision devices, means of communication and other equipment types. The vehicle is available in armored and unarmored configurations, each coming with its own advantages. The armored variant, designated the DOZOR- B-1311, is intended for transportation of personnel and military provisions. It has reliable protection against small arms fire and effects of the weapons of mass destruction. Special operations forces and rapid reaction police squads can use it as a transport vehicle or a platform for a vari- ety of weapons systems and military equipment, on the battlefield or in peacekeeping operations. The vehicle can operate over different terrain types, on highway or off-the-road. The Dozor-B can form a basis for a family of specialist vehicles, including armored personnel carrier, armored car, NBC reconnaissance vehicle, command vehicle, medical evacuation vehicle, scout vehicle and utility automobile. The vehicle is armed with a turret-mounted 12.7-mm KT- • .weight in running order.. 6.30 tons dition to its crew of three (com- 12.7 machinegun which is aimed • .engine power...... 122 hp mander, gunner and driver). and fired remotely from with- • .max road speed...... 90 km/h in the armored hull. There are • .fuel endurance The DOZOR vehicle was fi- some firing ports provided for (on main fuel tanks)...... 1,000 km nalized in 2006. Since then it the troops. The vehicle comes • .road clearance...... 400 mm was demonstrated at many de- complete with a VHF R-173 radio • .ascending angle...... 30º fense technology exhibitions with a range of 20 kilometers. in Ukraine and worldwide, but Here are key specifications The vehicle can carry a full failed to generate much interest of the DOZOR vehicle: squad of seven soldiers in ad- on the part of Ukraine’s Minis-

26 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 try of Defense, and there were derway. Apart from the Ukraini- grade vehicle will be subject- none of export contracts se- an customers, expressions of in- ed to comprehensive testing at cured by the end of 2010 either. terest in purchasing DOZOR-B Military Institute of Armored But now there are expectations vehicles were coming from Ka- and Automotive Technology in that this situation will change. zakhstan and a number of Afri- Sulejowek. It was reported that the can countries. Ukrainian armored vehi- Ukraine government would ac- Poland is another country cle manufacturers are making quire 200 DOZOR vehicles in the that is showing practical inter- great strides to keep pace with nearest-term future to equip the est in the new Ukrainian APC global trends. Particularly in Ukrainian Army and National vehicle. In 2011, Poland’s Mis- July 2014, new armored vehicle Guard units. This was announced ta acquired production license personnel carriers SPARTAN by the Ukrainian parliament for the DOZOR-B vehicle from and COUGAR, developed jointly speaker, Oleksandr Turchynov, a license rights owner in an un- by Streit Group (Canada-UAE) during a DOZOR demonstration named EU country. It took two and AvtoKrAZ of Ukraine, were at Chuhuiv test and training fa- years for the Polish company to unveiled to the public. But this cility in early June 2014. set up production line and ob- is another story which will be The government is interested tain the requisite manufactur- discussed in a later edition of in providing the Army and Na- ing facilities. The Polish Ukrainian Defense Review. UDR tional Guard with armored vehi- version of Do- cles in this category, and induc- zor-B, named tion of DOZOR-B vehicles would Ocilla, is an up- contribute to operational effec- grade to meet western manu- tiveness of the Ukrainian Armed facturing and quality standards Forces while providing sustained as well as NATO ballistic pro- business for the domestic defense tection requirements. Further industries, Mr. Turchynov said. upgrades are planned to include It was revealed in late July new driving axle, wheels and a 2014 that production lines for remotely controlled weapon first production-standard DO- station in place of the one- ZOR-B vehicles will be launched man turret among oth- at Lviv Armor Plant. Manufac- er improvements. turing development work for A prototype up- the new vehicle is now well un-

27 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 / 28 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 29 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 / [ cooperation ] Assault

outh Africa and Ukraine cockpit, as well as the Kentron have implemented a col- Culumus Argos 550 gyrostabi- laborative program to up- lized multisensor targeting and grade the Azerbaijan Air surveillance system integrat- Force Mi-24 attack hel- ing TV and IR sensors, and a la- icopters to the Mi-24G Super ser rangefinder. The Mil-24G up- ‘Hind’ standard (the G de- grade features a redesigned nose pownotes the Azeri worde for rfuselage and cockpit re-equipped night – Geje). The first with the latest avionics. This upgraded Mi-24 helos provides advantages that in- were demonstrated to clude an improved field of view Azeri senior officials in as compared to the original Mi- June 2010. The upgrades 24 design; the helicopter’s cent- were performed by South Af- er of gravity shifted rearward; provides a significant weight rican company Advanced Tech- improved maneuverability and reduction compared to the orig- nologies and Engineering (ATE) easier flight control during fly- inal design, this being achieved and two Ukrainian companies ing around obstacles at ex- through the use of a modified – aircraft repair plant “Avia- tremely low altitudes. The new Kevlar armor and replacing in- kon” in Konotop and Luch de- mission equipment is of lighter ternal systems with more mod- sign bureau in Kiev. The Mi- weight and has NVG compati- ern and lighter equivalents. 24G upgrade is based largely bility. The cockpit equipment The Denel’s compact gyro- on the ATE’s Mi-24 Super Hind includes two monochrome mul- stabilized multisensor surveil- Mk.4 design. It has core avion- tirole 6x8-inch flight control lance and targeting system is ics equipment kit that is char- and data displays; a new GPS- installed in the nose fuselage to acteristic of all of Super ‘Hind’ fed Doppler navigation system; provide night/all-weather fight- helicopters. Borrowed from the radio navigation equipment; ing capability. The system inte- South African Denel Rooivalk an advanced man-machine in- grates a day TV sight, a FLIR chopper, the equipment kit is terface; new helicopter pilot- thermal search system; a laser comprised of an ATE–produced ing software; and helicopter in- rangefinder and a laser beam mission computer, a naviga- flight monitoring equipment. generator to provide guidance tion system, a NVG-compatible The Super Hind Mk4 design for laser-beam-riding weapons.

30 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 The main weapon on the met-mounted sight or the head- cember 2011 and in 2013 in Par- Mi-24 Super ‘Hind’ is the new up display (HUD). The Mi-24G is, Ukroboronprom and Sagem Ukrainian Baryer-V ATGM sys- upgrade has provision for re- signed an additional agreement tem produced by Luch design taining the use of the aircraft’s As claimed to that contract that would al- bureau. It fires RV-2-type anti- original 57 mm unguided S-5- by Advanced low the project to be restarted. tank missiles to ranges of up to /S-8 rockets. For self-defense Technologies and The Mi-24 upgrade packages of- Engineering, the 7,500 meters, and is capable of the helicopter is fitted with a upgraded Mi-24G fered by France and South Afri- penetrating through 800mm+ programmable chaff/flare dis- helicopter can fly ca would give the aircraft gen- core armor behind ERA pro- penser system. at extremely low erally similar performance ca- tection. Azerbaijan was sup- The Ukrainian Ministry of altitudes in terrain pabilities. But what differen- contour matching posedly the launch export cus- Defense could potentially have mode – a capability tiates them is the fact that, by tomer for the Ukrainian Bary- interest in getting its Mi-24 fleet that was not avail- mid-2012, the upgraded Mi-24G er-V ATGM system. The weap- upgraded to the Mi-24G stand- able in the original purchased by Azerbaijan had on package additionally in- ard through collaboration with Mi-24 design undergone a comprehensive cludes the GI-2 “Vector” chin- the SAR. But, in 2008, a con- testing program that included mounted dual-feed automatic tract to upgrade the Ukraine firing helicopter borne weap- cannon which can be aimed us- Air Force Mi-24s was award- ons, and proved efficient in re- ing the FLIR/TV sight, the hel- ed to Sagem of France. In De- al-life operations. UDR

31 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 / South Africa and Ukraine have implemented a collaborative program to upgrade Azerbaijan Air Force Mi-24 attack helicopters to the Mi-24G Super Ми G ‘Hind’ standard. The upgrades were performed by South African company UPGRADED ATTACK Advanced Technologies and Engineering (ATE) and two Ukrainian companies – HELICOPTER aircraft repair plant “Aviakon” in Konotop and Luch design bureau in Kiev.

Rotor blades are of composite he Azerbaijani “night hunter” has day/night combat capability. material construction The Mi-24G is armed with a new set of advanced weapons. T Other improvements include a compact gyrostabilized targeting and surveillance system integrating a day TV sight, a FLIR thermal search system; a laser range nder and a laser beam generator to provide guidance for laser-beam-riding weapons. Powerplant ATE previously maintained that Russia’s Mil Special Design Bureau 2x TV3-117V engines is assisting in Mi-24 helicopter upgrade programs. each producing 2,225 hp

Armored R 8,65 m windows

3,97 m Weapon control system 5,27 m Includes multichannel Forward Looking Infrared Radar (FLIR) with embedded laser range nding and automatic target tracking capabilities; a helmet sighting system (HSS) and a helmet mounted sight and display (HMSD) system. crew troopers 17,5 m Each of the two stub Cannon Payload: wing pylons can carry Internal: up a four-round launcher A compact nose turret accommodates to eight personnel for antitank Baryer-V missiles; a South African GI-2 “Vector” dual-feed or 1,500 kg of loads Soviet-vintage unguided 20 millimeter rapid- re autocannon (max 2,400 kg); with 400 rounds of ammunition Max speed Empty weight/normal S-5/S-8 rockets can Cruising speed take-o weight, kg External: up to also be red. 2,000 kg 270 km/h 320 km/h 7150 / 9500 Range 1360 Service 230 km ceiling 4500 m up to 7500 m

Guided weapons TARGET TARGET MISSILE The upgraded helicopter is tted with Baryer-V 1 SEARCH ACQUISITION LAUNCH ATGM system produced by Luch Design Bureau. Using 1 2 2 3 the R-2V missile, the Baryer-V will be able to defeat 1 Azimuth scale; location of the 1 View of a target 1 The black dot becomes armored vehicles and hardened targets from ranges helicopter relative to North locked in crosshairs 2 1 transparent once the of up to 7,500m, with a rst-round hit probability 3 2 The black square marks the position 1 2 Helicopter’s altitude missile it marks is red of 70% to 85%. With its tandem shaped-charge or 2 of an active launcher system, while the 3 Range to a target 2 Seconds countdown blast/fragmentation warhead, the missile will be black dots are for missiles ready to re to expected missile- able to penetrate 800mm+ of core armor behind 3 Crosshairs of multichannel 3 target impact ERA. Two stub wing pylons each can carry four-round FLIR sighting system launchers for R-2V missiles, for a total of eight.

32 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 South Africa and Ukraine have implemented a collaborative program to upgrade Azerbaijan Air Force Mi-24 attack helicopters to the Mi-24G Super Ми G ‘Hind’ standard. The upgrades were performed by South African company UPGRADED ATTACK Advanced Technologies and Engineering (ATE) and two Ukrainian companies – HELICOPTER aircraft repair plant “Aviakon” in Konotop and Luch design bureau in Kiev.

Armored R 8,65 m windows

33 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 / [ hi-tech ]

Some of the world’s devel opment, have recently invest oped countries, realizing the ed great effort and resourc promise of high-power micro es in developing and building wave (HPM) technology devel such technologies and getting

34 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 MICROWAVE RAIDERS FROM

them deployed as operational technically complex type of weapons. However,UKRAIN few of the weapons toE production stage. countries have been success Remarkably enough, one of ful in brining this promising but such countries is Ukraine.

35 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 / [ hi-tech ]

Microwave weapons as distinct from electronic warfare

wTheea p electromagneticons pulse effect underlying the functional concept of a microwave weapon (MW) is essentially an electromagnetic shock wave that affects electrical and electronic components of weapons and military equipment. HPM weapon is capable of damaging or ir- reversibly destroying electronic targets such as radar equipment, computers, power plants, etc. HPM weapons are common- ly built as aircraft launched munitions or cruise missiles’ warheads.

36 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 By changing the power, fre- microwave weapon will affect ducted research and studies on quency and distance to the tar- enemy systems even when they the effects of electromagnetic get, microwave weapons can are turned off. And finally, to pulse weapons on electronics, produce effects that range from counter the effects of a micro- with focus placed on both of- denying the use of electrical wave weapon, the enemy must fensive and defensive require- equipment to disrupting, dam- harden the entire system, not ments that can be satisfied by aging or destroying that equip- just individual components or high power microwave weap- ment. Microwave weapon sys- circuits. ons. Great strides have been tems have the added advantage made in developing new and of self-protection means. innovative ways to reduce the Primitive types of micro- size, weight and volume of mi- wave weapons - so-called “soft” crowave source and antennae, bombs – were used by the Unit- MSinceade in the U earlykrain 1980’s,e the while simultaneously increased States back during the First military research laboratories ing power levels. Gulf War and the war in Yugo- in the United States have been In other parts of the world, slavia. Huge amounts of car- pursuing scientific and tech- technological programs in the bon fibers were dispersed from nological programs that seek field of microwave weapon tech- cruise missiles over Yugosla- to develop radio frequency and nology development have been vian electrical distribution in- high power microwave technol- actively pursued by Australia, frastructures, causing short ogies as a potential class of di- UK and Sweden. circuits and knocking out that rected energy weapon systems. In Ukraine, development of country’s power grid. Particularly the U.S. Air Force microwave weapon technolo- A common assumption is Research Laboratory has con- gies is being dealt with by the In- that microwave weapons systems are similar to electronic warfare (EW) systems, but An array of phased generators mounted on an AFV platform that’s not so. Microwave weapons are different from electronic warfare systems on several counts. Electronic warfare systems are limited to jamming, and will affect enemy systems only when the electronic warfare system is operating. When the electronic warfare system is turned off, the enemy capability returns to normal operation. There are several major dis- tinctive characteristics that dif- ferentiate a microwave weapon system from an electronic warfare system. First, microwave weapons do not re- ly on exact knowl- edge of the enemy system. Sec- ond, they can leave persist- ing and lasting effects in the enemy targets through damage and destruction of electronic circuits, components and subsystems. Third, the

37 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 / [ hi-tech ] stitute for Electromagnetic Re- designed to knock out or destroy search (IER) Ltd, Kharkiv. This enemy electronic targets in the Ukrainian firm can be amply re- lower and upper airspace. The garded as one of the world lead- device is suitable for disabling or ers in the field of microwave disrupting normal operation of weapon technology develop- hostile mission electronic equipment, as some of the firm’s prod- ment such as radars, navigation- ucts have been purchased and al aids, data transfer links and integrated into military arsenals control equipment. of the United States and China. The AEAW device attacks The IER Ltd has developed, Combined coaxial-sector antenna and mode converter its targets by emitting high built and now offers for export a power pulses of microwave en- microwave weapon technology ergy with power of ~ (1.5÷2)•109 called the Autonomous Electro- W and duration of (1÷2)•10-7 magnetic Attack Weapon (AE- s. Upgrades are planned to the AW) system that is based on the AEAW device to increase the Magnetically Insulated Trans- power of emission to ~ 10 GW. mission Line Oscillator (MILO) The increase in power level technology and uses Magneto will be accomplished by way of Cumulative Generator (MCG) combining several generators as its power source. General view of MILO with combined (MCGs in this particular case) The AEAW technology will mode converter and coaxial-sector antenna to provide the desired level of be available in several configu- with output dielectric window power (with proportionate in- rations: crease in the overall size and Parachute deliverable E-bomb weight of the device). designed to disrupt, damage or Most of MCG types use the destroy enemy electronic targets, Vlasov antenna in the capaci- including radar sites, community of antenna-feeder device. Ex- cation and data transfer links, perts say that this type of anten- navigational equipment etc.; na, with the antenna and feeder Air delivered E-bomb de- well matched, is excessively long signed to be dropped from aer- and requires additional protec- ial platforms in close proximity tions against potential disrup- to underground electrical grids tions due to high levels of output and communication networks power being generated. Moreo- of cities, individual industri- ver, the Vlasov antenna has wide al facilities or military instal- beam width, which precludes the lations. Detonation, which oc- generation of emissions with suf- curs after the bomb penetrates ficient power density, hence, the into the ground, causes high- density of electromagnetic field power pulsed currents to flow at long distances from the anten- in the ground, causing the cou- na. In the Vlasov antenna, the pling of high voltage pulses. In beam pattern is inclined at some turn, high-voltage pulses pass- angle relative to the generator ax- ing through communication is, which causes some difficulties networks and power grids make in practical use of the device. protection devices go off ran- In order to eliminate the domly, disrupting normal func- mentioned problems, IER engi- tioning of power supply sys- neers developed a compact co- tems of cities or individual in- axial-sector antenna of a pro- stallations (including military) prietary configuration where and thus leading to paralysis of the combined radiator and the said infrastructures; Prototype ammunition mode convertor (sector anten- A device installed on a mis- (electromagnetic bomb) with na) are integrated into a coaxi- sile or aircraft platform, which is logo periodic antenna al waveguide that is split in the

38 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 vertical cross section into two at 120…600 MHz, with peak pow- equal parts, one of which is ad- er levels of 10÷12 gW. ditionally split by extended- In one proposed configura- length irregular-shaped radial tion, the system can be mount- diaphragms into three sections ed on an armored fighting ve- of 60 degrees each. hicle platform (wheeled or IER engineers have devel- tracked) and used for disabling oped other types of antennas for or destroying most of modern use with the AEAW munition. hostile weapons during ground Particularly the parachute de- operations. liverable version of the AE- AW E-bomb can be fitted with a folding log-periodic anten- Prototype missile ammunition with deployed horn TEM na or a TEM-antenna made of antenna ready to install sheet metal or mesh wire. Al- Concluding so, the parachute system can be equipped with a reflecting 1.r eDuemark to theirs effectiveness and mirror to generate 45÷50 kW/m the fact that modern weapons (power field out to 50 meters. General view and military platforms are The IER has also developed a of MILO as densely packed with electron- promising technology such as a powered by ic equipment and highly sen- helical MCG beam independent pulse oscil- sitive components, high pow- lator that uses a dipole phased- er microwave weapons hold array antenna as radiating an- much promise and value. tenna. This wide band oscilla- 2. Capable of producing effects tor has relatively compact size that range from denying the and allows to obtain a peak out- use of electrical equipment put in the range of several gi- in hostile weapons and ve- gawatts, both in multiple burst hicles to disrupting, damag- and repetitive pulse modes. ing or destroying that equip- Another objective being pur- Main parameters ment, these “invisible killers sued by IER engineers in this of electronics” can serve as particular area of research is to of the Magneto potent force multipliers. accomplish an increase in gen- Cumulative Generator 3. Microwave weapons are now Potential pulse amplitude ...... Up to 450 kV erator output power. This re- firmly integrated into mili- Current pulse amplitude ...... Up to 300 kA quired a solution that would tary arsenals, and will remain Pulse duration ...... 800 ns combine output powers of the so as long as electronics and Single 90 gW pulse generators and efficient anten- Mode of operation ...... computers remain within the nas radiating in a wide range. modern world of weapons. However, this brought about a This promises new opportuni- side affect such as disruptions ties for manufacturers of the antenna performance oc- of microwave weap- curring during bursts of intense ons, especially in power output. This was elimi- Ukraine where nated by introducing a beam in- the Institute for dependent pulse oscillator that Electromagnet- uses a dipole phased-array an- ic Research has tenna as radiating antenna. all the requisite The generator developed by R&D and manufac- IER is designed as part of a sys- turing capabilities, tem integrating eight or twelve technology and domes- same-type phased generators. tic hardware components for This solution allowed it to pro- Reflecting mirror for AEMW ammunition in parachute producing new, more innova- duce a high-power pulse source deliverable configuration. An array of phased generators tive types of microwave weap- emitting repetitive pulse trains mounted on an AFV platform on technologies. UDR

39 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 / [ electronic intelligence ] PASSIVE LOCATION

40 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 PASSIVE LOCATION

41 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 / [ electronic intelligence ]

Electronic reconnaissance had always been of particular importance for the armed forces, providing about 80 percent of all the information of interest to the country’s top political leadership that was necessary for military operation planning and the conduct of war. The fine art of electronic reconnaissance was most sophisticated, and de- manded involvement of highly qualified specialists. But all the buzzing about the Kolchuga only generated a lot of publicity for the technology, making it the best known Ukrainian defense industry product. How this technology was developed? The passive electronic monitoring radar system Kolchuga was developed in the late 1980s as a replacement for obsolete older-generation operational-tactical and strategic designs. By the end of 1988, a factory in Russia’s Kursk, better known as post office box No. V-8455, manufactured the first two prototype Kolchugas for government trials, which completed in February 1989. After that, the radar was deployed as a standard issue with the Soviet armed forces, and design plan and specifications for the technology were handed over to the Topaz manufacturing corporation in Donetsk for organiz- ing serial production. Since that time, the long-range electronic monitoring radar had begun to be operated, first by the Soviet reliability characteristics and tronics was highly sensitive to army, then by military forces of maintainability. The item was voltage drops, resulting in back- newly independent states. intended in the first place for re- up power sources and sensitive The Kolchuga long-range The Ukrainian connaissance missions during subsystems getting out of order electronic monitoring radar armed forces op- military operations. and adding to operators’ head- was at the time a truly last word erated more The Ukrainian armed forces ache. In a situation where un- than two doz- in military technology. Kolchu- en Kolchuga ra- operated more than two dozen derfunding of the Defense Minis- ga had provided far better detec- dar systems, which Kolchuga radar systems, which try’s needs took on chronic pro- tion capabilities for both ground was enough to fully was enough to fully support the portions, an effective asset such and airborne radio emitters as support the coun- country’s requirement for elec- as Kolchuga was standing idle try’s requirement compared to the radio detec- for electronic mon- tronic monitoring out to 300-400 for months awaiting the arrival tion assets available at the time. itoring out to 300- km. But as the system came into of maintenance teams from the Priority attention in develop- 400 km. operation it turned out that the manufacturer company. Ukrain- ing the radar was committed to technology “stuffed” with elec- ian armed forces’ intelligence de

42 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 facto became hostage to econom- vironment monitoring out to 600 various categories as well as ic situation and the monopolist km, while data collection and mission systems installed on company which overhead ex- processing both for the Land board ground, maritime or penses grew to 1000 percent. Forces and Air Defense Forces Enhancements in- airborne carriers; long range Rapid advancement of ar- had been automated to the max- cluded new soft- detection of multipurpose ra- maments and military technol- imum possible degree. By mid- ware and a long- dars, identification systems, range electron- ogies triggered by equally rap- 1997, a Kolchuga-M had passed ic monitoring ra- air traffic control systems and id political processes in neigh- factory tests and was now ready dar suite designat- navigation systems; boring countries resulted in the for government trials. ed Assorti. In ad- • re-targeting using rotating an- electronic environment begin- It became clear after the tri- dition, Kolchuga it- tennas, which allows it to iden- self had undergone ning to change around Ukraine, als that Kolchuga-M far sur- comprehensive tify the composition and opera- while a number of regional con- passed the capabilities speci- modernization to tional mode, and to track move- flicts in various regions of the fied in the related operational the configuration ments of hostile radio emitters world dictated the need to devel- requirements document, and currently known as up to 150 km away in width in Kolchuga-M. op a radar design that would be it was as soon as at the start of both far-field (up to 600 km) and adequate to modern warfighting 1998 that the new radar system near field (up to 200 km) zones standards and would enable re- was accepted as standard issue – without radar silence zones liable and effective monitoring for the Ukrainian armed forces. and with continuous high-pre- of the electronic environment. Kolchuga-M provides: cision position location of tar- The country’s top military • the detection and analysis of gets in whatever spot of the ar- leadership at the time was show- impulse and continues wave ea being monitored. ing particularly keen interest signals; individual identifi- in effective precision weapons. cation of practically all of the Air defense capabilities in- A number of upgrade works for known electronic assets in clude: Kolchuga were done by Donet- • take off detection of aircraft sk’s SKB RTU as private financ- of various types and their ing initiative projects. The com- identification by categories pany proposed several modern- at ranges exceeding those of ization projects for Kolchuga modern radar systems; that would enable upgrading • tracking the movements of the technology to the required stand-alone and multiple tar- capability at the minimum cost gets; possible. In the period from 1992 A team of Ukrainian technol- to 1996, a number of moderniza- ogy designers have been award- tion works were performed for ed government prizes for sci- Kolchuga (with Defense Min- ence and technology for the de- istry’s funds) by SKB RTU in velopment and putting into full- close cooperation with Topaz. rate serial production of the pas- Enhancements included new sive electronic monitoring long- software and a long-range elec- range radar system Kolchuga. tronic monitoring radar suite The Kolchuga had been in devel- designated Assorti. In addi- opment from 1990 to 2003, its cation, Kolchuga itself had under- pabilities “surpassing all the ex- gone comprehensive moderni- isting foreign-designed equiva- zation to the configuration cur- lents’”, reads a government de- rently known as Kolchuga-M. cree awarding the State Prize. It SKB RTU had also rid Kolchuga is recalled in the decree that the of a disadvantage such as pow- Kolchuga has been integrated in- er source failures. The enhance- to the Ukrainian Armed Forces ments (which in fact advanced and put into full-rate serial pro- the design to a fundamental- duction, and an export version ly new capability) made it pos- of the technology has been devel- sible to downsize significant- oped. A few such systems have ally the military’s obsolete radar ready been exported to Ethiopia, fleet and enabled electronic en- China and Turkmenistan. UDR

43 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 / [ hydrodevices ]

«SEA WOLF»

44 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEWHUNT / October-December 2014 ERS Ukrainian sonar technologies are, as before, in demand on the global market History of the Kyiv based State Enterprise Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Hydrodevices - KSRI of HYDRODEVICES, as is the case with other defense industry enterprises in Ukraine, has roots stretching back into Soviet era days. Established in 1956 to design and develop naval anti submarine warfare equipment, KSRI OF HYDRODEVICES has completed 320 R&D projects to date. Nowadays it has become Ukraine's lead research and development institution for hydroacoustic systems for surface ships, helicopters and fixed sonar stations, as well as special purpose radio sonobuoys. KSRI OF HYDRODEVICES designed technologies are in use not only in Ukraine and Russia, but have been exported to France, Poland, Bulgaria, China, India and Viet Nam.

ound is known to propa- pany is also dealing with radio shore of the Kamchatka penin- gate far speedier and to sonobuoy systems, in particular sula in 2003. greater distances in the those specially designed for ap- Radio sonobuoys for anti-sub- water than in the atmos- plications such as the Tu-142M marine warfare applications phere. This phenomenon antisubmarine warfare air- make up the KSRI OF HYDRODE- gave birth to hydroacoustics craft. One such radio sonobu- VICES’s most promising designs. a science studying the be- oy was used by Russians when Basically, radio sonobuoy is ex- havior and application of they detected an American Sea pendable sonar system that is sound in water. Hydroa- Wolf type submarine off the dropped/ejected from aircraft or coustics, utilizing sonar ships conducting anti-submarine technology, is most com- or underwater acoustic research. monly used for detection, The buoy relays acoustic infor- assessment, and monitor- mation from its hydrophone(s) ing of underwater physical via UFF/VHF radio to operators and biological characteristics. onboard the aircraft. SONAR (Sound Navigation And Sonobuoys are used for de- Ranging) is a technique that us- tecting submerged objects in es sound propagation under primary (passive sonobouys) water (primarily) to navigate, and secondary (active sonobu- communicate or to detect oth- oys) hydroacoustic fields. Al- er vessels. That Ukrainian so- so, there are radio sonobu- nar technologies are high- oys for special applications ly effective is demonstrated which are capable of detect- by the fact that it was KSRI ing electric fields and mag- OF HYDRODEVICES de- netic disturbances gener- signed sonar that helped ated by submarines. detect and locate the Rus- Sonobuoys are clas- sian nuclear cruise mis- sified into three catego- sile submarine K-141 ries: active, passive and Kursk which was lost special purpose. with all hands when Active sonobuoys it sank in the Barents emit sound waves in- Sea on August 12, 2000. to the water and listen Apart from sonars, for the returning echo the Ukrainian com- before transmitting

45 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 / [ hydrodevices ] usually range and bearing information via UHF/VHF radio to a receiving ship or aircraft. Passive sonobuoys emit noth- ing into the water but rather listen, waiting for mechanically generated sound waves (for in- stance, power plant, propeller or door closing and other nois- es) from ships or submarines to reach the hydrophone that are then transmitted via UHF/VHF radio back to a receiving ship or aircraft. Special purpose sonobuoys relay various oceanographic data such as water and air temperatures and pressure, wave elevation or salinity readings, at various depths back to the ship or aircraft. The buoys are ejected from aircraft in canisters and use a parachute to deploy upon water impact. An inflatable surface float with a radio transmitter remains on the surface, for communication with the aircraft, while one or more hydrophone sensors and stabilizing equipment descend below the surface to a depth that is (pre- The USA enjoys a preemi- projects with Ukraine, and Pa- set) variable depending on en- nent position among other so- kistan seems to be following vironmental conditions and nar technology manufactur- suit. A few more countries, the search pattern. Data from Sonobuoys are ing countries, and it effective- among them Libya, Malaysia, the sonobuoy is downloaded in- used for detecting ly gained a monopoly position India and Turkey, are looking to aircraft/helicopter computer submerged objects on that market after the Soviet at Ukrainian sonobuoy systems in primary (passive for analysis and processing with sonobouys) and Union broke apart. But Ukraine as potential candidates for their respect to the detected subma- secondary (active is well in a position to break military acquisition programs. rine’s course and speed, and al- sonobuoys) hy- up this monopoly, as interest China for example, needs so- so the overall tactical situation. droacoustic fields. in Ukrainian sonar technology nar stations and sonobuoy sys- Also, there are ra- Upon detecting an enemy’s sub- dio sonobuoys for designs from potential foreign tems for underwater situation marine, the host aircraft/heli- special applica- customers is ever mounting. monitoring in maritime loca- copter attempts to effect magne- tions which are ca- The manufacture of sonobuoy tions where the forthcoming Ol- tomertic contact with the sub- pable of detecting systems in Ukraine, which re- ympic Yacht Race competitions electric fields and marine to track its movement magnetic distur- mained dormant during several are scheduled to take place. or destroy it. Radio sonobuoys bances generated years immediately after the So- Incidentally, as pointed out are almost all equipped with by submarines. viet collapse, has been resumed by naval experts, the design and water-filled batteries that be- now, using available produc- manufacture of sonar technolo- come activated upon coming in- tion capacities. Ukrainian so- gy, unlike other naval warfare to contact with salt water to in- nar designs are of interest not equipment, still remains be- flate a surface float with a radio only to potential buyers in Eu- yond the capabilities of China’s transmitter. Sonobuoy is a self rope. China, a traditional part- defense industry. Furthermore, destructing system with a life- ner of Ukrainian defense com- Ukrainian sonar technologies time not exceeding eight hours panies, is considering joint hy- are by an order of magnitude after deployment. dro acoustic technology R&D cheaper that foreign designed

46 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 Ukrainian designers them- ships in service with naval forc- selves believe that the «KSRI es of former Soviet states. OF HYDRODEVICES”’s sonar KSRI OF HYDRODEVICES systems for helicopter applica- has forced ahead; in 2005 it com- tions hold much promise. One peted R&D for a new low-fre- such, designated Ros’V, is tai- quency measuring system des- lored to anti-submarine war- ignated Interferometer. This is fare helicopters Ka-25PL and designed for measuring acous- Ka-27PL, and operates most ef- tic characteristics of materials fectively in conjunction with in aqueous media under the ef- sonobuoys. fects of hydrostatic pressure «KSRI OF HYDRODEVIC- and temperature. KSRI OF HY- ES” has developed a stationary DRODEVICES director, Yu- version of the system, as well. ri Shamarin, believes cooper- For the Ukrainian Naval Forc- ation with the Russian Feder- es, monitoring underwater situation in the sonar technology ation in the Black Sea is one of development area holds much the most acute and urgent prob- promise for Ukraine, notably lems to be resolved; the subsur- in projects for the manufac- face situation is monitored us- ture of ship-borne sonar instal- ing air defense assets, while un- lations for third countries. This derwater situation remains vir- is about expanding cooperation tually unattended. «KSRI OF with the Russian concern Mari- HYDRODEVICES” has calcu- time Underwater Weapons Gid- lated how many stationary so- ropribor among other compa- nar installations are needed to nies. Other promising areas of fill this gap, and determined cooperation include joint de- most critical locations where sign and development of sonar these need to be deployed. Ac- systems for helicopter applica- cording to designers, this so- tions, as well as of free-stand- alternatives. The underwater nar system is sensitive enough ing sonar stations, Tronka situation monitoring sonar sys- to detect and locate an object as type diver held sonars and tem Tronka, for example, costs small as a dolphin, not to men- mine and torpedo weapons a few hundred if not dozen thou- tion larger marine animals. systems. sand dollars, as against about Helicopter based hydroa- It remains to be added that $50 million for a US equivalent. coustic systems have a multi- a proposal to expand bilat er- Tronka is designed for monitor- tude of applications in naval al collaboration in the sonar ing security situation in littoral forces of many countries world- technology development ar- areas, harbors, exclusive eco- wide, providing anti-submarine ea was fully supported by par- nomic zones and selected facil- defense capabilities. Helicop- ticipants in the second mili- ities scanning a 360 arc at rang- ters, being much more maneu- tary technological cooperation es up to 500 meters. verable and speedier than sur- sub commission meeting of the By the way, the corvette class face ships, and capable of op- Ukraine- Russia interstate com- battleship Ternopil, which was erating at great distances from mission’s sub commission for commissioned by the Ukrainian the host craft, too, provide en- cooperation on security issues. Navy in 2006, is equipped with hanced long-range detection In particular, the sub-commis- powerful sonar assisted weap- capabilities for hostile under- sion has given the green light ons. Tronka and other technol- water entities, be it a diver, a to a proposed joint project be- ogies of this kind have become small size underwater vehicle tween KSRI OF HYDRODEVIC- particularly relevant after 9/11 or a submarine. Antisubma- ES and Taganrog based factory terrorist attacks, as they permit rine helicopters Ka-25PL, Ka-25- Priboy in Russia, for the design speedy detection, identification Ts and Ka-27, all fitted with so- and manufacture of ship borne and tracking of undersurface nar systems designed by KSRI hydroacoustic systems, partic- objects such as divers or small- OF HYDRODEVICES, current- ularly but not exclusively for size underwater vehicles. ly equip more than 130 naval third countries. UDR

47 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 / [ radars ] Quantum leap by Ukraine’s defense electronics industry

48 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 tate Enterprise Research all but every surface naval ship, board optronic countermeas- Institute “Kvant” was strategic submarine and differ- ures system Kashtan-3, which established as a state- ent types of commercial ships. is optimized for defeating pre- owned company in the After Ukraine regained inde- cision laser-guided weapons. far away year of 1949 pendence, SE RI “Kvant”, exploit- Inaugurated at IDEX-1999 arms with a mission to design ing its vast experience and exper- exhibition, Kashtan-3 generated and develop aircraft ra- tise in sophisticated defense elec- much interest among the global dar equipment. In subse- tronics, achieved much progress defense community. This was quent years, the Compa- in designing, developing and latterly followed up by what is ny’s business grew to in- manufacturing technologies for now known as Kashtan-3M – a clude the design and de- application on armored military mobile PC-based optronic coun- velopment of the equip- vehicles and surface-to-air mis- termeasures system configured ment types as follows: sile weapons systems. Over those for ground use. The Kashtan • Target designation years, the Company has devel- (which means “chestnut tree” equipment for ship-launched oped and brought to production in Ukrainian) is intended to pro- missile weapons; stage a range of new products that tect high-valued military and ci- • Electronic equipment kits include components of the prime vilian installations against pre- for fixed-wing and rotary- armament stabilization system cision-guided munitions such wing ISTAR aircraft; on the main battle tanks T-80UD as missiles, shells and air- • Shipboard equipment for and T-84 and the indigenous cur- launched bombs with semi- processing special data from rent-generation MBT “Oplot”, tel- active laser homing systems. naval reconnaissance satel- evision-optical sights for the up- What distinguishes the Kash- lite systems deployed on sur- graded infantry fighting ve- face ships and submarines; hicle BMP-1U and armored • Shipboard 360º-scan (including personnel carriers BTR-3E phased-array) radar systems; and BTR-4. • Optronic fire control systems, In years after Ukraine’s countermeasures systems and independence, NII Kvant de- special-purpose weapons for signed and developed ship- naval warfare applications; • Special mission computers for general- purpose shipboard and aircraft applications; • Naval tactical data systems and other radio- radar and optical-electronic equipment for different shipboard applications. SE RI “Kvant” was also dealing with the design and development of shore radar navigational aids and control systems for very large civilian ships. In the USSR, the equipment designed and developed by SE RI “Kvant” was seen deployed on

49 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 / [ radars ] tan from international counterparts is that the latter are only capable of defeating precision- guided munitions that use semi- In the USSR, the active laser homing techniques, equipment de- while the Kashtan-3 provides signed and developed by SE RI protection against threats guid- “Kvant” was seen ed by electronic-optical homing deployed on all but systems of all kinds – semi-ac- every surface na- tive laser (SAL), television and val ship, strategic submarine and imaging infrared. The Kash- different types of tan-3 can protect simultaneous- commercial ships ly from 20-30 precision-guided missiles launched from a hostile aircraft, leading its pilot to think that something is wrong with his target acquisition and sighting system. In the early 2000, SE RI “Kvant” completed an upgrade project for the BAGNET-M side- ways-looking airborne radar used on the Su-24 fighter, developed an upgrade package for the air defense artillery rocket system SHILKA (and produced a mock-up upgrade), and developed avant-projects aimed to upgrade the OSMINOG-2000 avionics equipment kit (used on ers of naval electronic equipment • Shipboard radar-optical fire the Ka-27 helicopter) and the for the Ukrainian Corvette. control system Stilet for me- USPEKH-2000 anti-surface As a contractor party dium-caliber guns; ship missile system. NII to State Program “Cor- • Opto-electronic fire control Kvant is the designer of vette”, SE RI “Kvant” system Sarmat-2 for small to the BRIZ-M shipboard is responsible for medium caliber guns; air and surface surveil- eight high-tech prod- • Shipboard optronic counter- lance radar system; the ucts as follows: measures equipment kit Facet; OBRIY beyond-visual- • Multipurpose • Optronic naval helicopter range surface-wave radar active phased-array landing system Saga; system and the CONVENT radar system • Infrared threat detection sys- integrated naval target Phoe- tem Selena-X; detection/antiship mis- nix-E; • Electromagnetic interference re- sile cueing system for this sys- ducing system Sovmestimost; installation on aircraft tem is • Shipboard combat manage- and naval platforms. being de- ment system CMS, which At this point, SE RI signed and provides the capabilities as “Kvant” is a R&D and developed us- follows: production complex within ing modern devel- • PC-based control of tacti- the structure of State Concern opments of global science cal employment of naval Ukroboronprom. It is current- and technology, with inputs weapons, electronic war- ly working, under the State De- from top international com- fare assets and naval bat- fense Procurement Order, on a panies that have positive ex- tle groups; number of projects for the bene- perience in developing and • Planning and coordination fit of the Ukrainian Armed Forc- operating the technology in of missions for individual es, being one of the lead design- question; ships and groups of ships;

50 / Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 cated, qualified and highly-com- existing G-band counterparts, petent professionals. which include, but are not lim- Most reputable mathemati- ited to, the following: cians in Ukraine, including from • Extended air target detec- among the talented youth, are as- tion and tracking ranges; sisting in developing software • Substantially reduced applications for the equipment weight and dimensions. being designed by SE RI “Kvant”. • Shipboard beyond-visual- So the Customer can be confident range passive radar (Meg- that SE RI “Kvant” has been at anom) designed for deploy- the leading edge of modern scien- ment on light missile ships tific study and technology. displacing up to 250 tonnes; As of this day, the Compa- • Fire control system for light ny has successfully complet- armored vehicle applica- ed state-commissioned trials of tions (Tornado) – an inte- three high-tech products which grated sighting and fire con- had been recommended for trol system for installation service entry with the Ukraini- on light armored vehicles; an Armed Forces. • Shore-based surface target SE RI “Kvant”, who has an detection radar (Bereg); this open-ended license qualifying it project aims to create a radar to deal with the design, develop- that will enable coastal bor- ment, overhaul and upgrade of der guards to detect and de- military equipment, is consist- feat small-sized surface and ently expanding the scope of its aerial targets; military-technical cooperation • Shipboard beyond-visual- with international partners. range surface-wave radar NII Kvant has successful- system Strazha; ly completed a number of con- • Upgrade of the Osminog-2 • Target data generation tracts and is currently working target detection and acqui- and control of sensors and on deals with countries in differ- sition radar for anti-boat de- weapons, with the after- ent regions of the world, includ- fense; action review and other ing India, Italy, Kazakhstan, the • Non-military investment capabilities. PR of China, Myanmar, Pa- project aimed to set up pro- SE RI “Kvant”, being a R&D kistan, the Republic of Ko- duction of PC-based energy and production complex rea, Poland, the Russian consumption metering con- within the structure of Federation, Singapore, trol system (electricity, heat- State Concern Ukrobo- Switzerland and oth- ing, heated water and natural ronprom, has the suffi- er countries. gas). This project covers the cient human resource Exports current- design and development of a capacity, intellectual ly make a substan- PC-based electricity consump- and industrial capac- tial portion of the tion metering control system, ities that enable it to Company’s sales including energy-saving aids, improve the competi- output. metering equipment and ener- tive ability of its product SE RI “Kvant” is gy consumption management range and lay the ground- currently engaged in and control facilities. work for future technol- a number of investment SE RI “Kvant” has all the or- ogy advances. The Com- projects that promise a good ganizational and scientific ca- pany has a staff of 500 em- market potential and might be pacities necessary for main- ployees, of which 150 are di- of interest to potential inves- taining and broadening vari- rectly engaged in prototype tors. These particularly include: ous forms of partnership – from production projects. The Com- • Shipboard 3D surveillance mul- the design and development to pany’s R&D potential rests on ti-beam active phased-array ra- direct supplies of products – in a strong pool of scientists, re- dar MAARS. The latter has a compliance with relevant inter- searchers, engineers and dedi- number of advantages over the national standards. UDR

51 Ukrainian DEFENSE REVIEW / October-December 2014 /

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