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Timber Production Value Chain The Tropical Agricultural Research and Timber production value chain Higher Education Center (CATIE) is a regional center dedicated to research and graduate education in agriculture, and the in three Belizean Mennonite communities management, conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Its members include BW_EPS the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation Cristina Vidal on Agriculture (IICA), Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Venezuela, BW_N_EPS Spain and the State of Acre in Brazil. CMYK_EPS CMYK_N_EPS PMS_EPS PMS_N_EPS Technical series. Technical bulletin no.53 Timber production value chain in three Belizean Mennonite communities Cristina Vidal Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE) Turrialba, Costa Rica, 2012 The Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE) is a regional center dedicated to research and graduate education in agriculture, and the management, conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Its members include the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Venezuela, Spain and the State of Acre in Brazil. © Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center, CATIE, 2012 Credits Production Lorena Orozco This publication is the result of the project work Finnfor, Evelyn Vargas Forest and Forest Management in Central America, part of the CATIE´s Mesoamerican Agroenvironmental Program Editor (MAP). Finnfor project is made possible thanks to the support Elizabeth Mora Lobo of the Finnish cooperation. Design Communications and Policy Office, CATIE Research and Development Division Cover photo Headquarters, CATIE Finnfor Project www.catie.ac.cr Contents Introduction . 5 Tables Socioeconomic context in the studied communities. 7 1. Volume of timber (m 3) harvested by the three Mennonite communities evaluated (2008 to 2011) . 17 Silvopastoral practices . 8 2. Royalties for the most common commercial species Timber profitability . 8 used by the three Mennonite communities evaluated .17 Legal requirements for logging in Belize. 9 3. Volume of sawn lumber (m3) produced by the three The productive value chain . 11 Mennonite communities evaluated (2008-2011) . .20 4. Sawmill production costs (US$ m-3) for the three Basic concepts. .11 Mennonite communities evaluated . 23 Tools and methods to assess a value chain . .12 5. Construction materials used to build a mobile Development of the timber value chain in the wooden house . 26 Mennonite communities . 13 6. Sawn lumber incomes and prices (US$ m-3) in the three communities studied . 27 Historical overview . .13 7. Prices of wooden products sold in Springfield . 28 Present situation . .15 8. Market and on-gate prices of sawn lumber supplied Trade and income . .27 by the Mennonite communities evaluated (US$/m3) . 32 Markets: supply and demand . .28 9. Market prices of Mennonite timber products (US$). .33 Pricing . .32 Constraints and opportunities . .34 Figures Constraints. .34 1. Timber value chain map in the three Mennonite Opportunities. .34 communities evaluated . 15 Lessons learned . 35 2. Destination of the lumber production from the Mennonite communities studied . 20 . .36 Conclusions 3. Installed capacity of main sawmills in Belize . 29 Recommendations . 37 4. Distribution of timber production at national level in 2004 . 29 38 Bibliography. 5. Population change by district in Belize (2000-2010) . 31 ANNEX 1. .40 6. Construction units in Belmopan from 2006 to 2011 . 31 Acronyms and units Stakeholders consulted Bft: Board foot Ayala’s Lumber Yard: Mercedes Ayala. Cell: 501 602627. BZ$: Belize dollars Address: #8 Montalvo Ave. Las Flores Bmp CBA: Central Building Authority Belmopan City Council: Mr. Robinson (records) FD: Forest Department 36/38 Trinity Blvd, 822-2271, [email protected] LBC: Lower Barton Creek PP: Petty Permits Builder’s Hardware: Elias Habet. Address: 160 Constitution SIB: Statistical Institute of Belize Drive. PO Box 427. Tel: 501-822-0501 or 501-822-1071, SPS: Silvopastoral system [email protected] UBC: Upper Barton Creek Belize Forest Department: Wilber Sabido. US$: US dollars Address: Belize Forest Department. Forest Drive, Belmopan. phone: 822 1524, 822 2079 JRC Enterprises (Furniture Shop): Jose Coye. Tel 822 0186. Conversion factors Forest Drive Belmopan 1m3 = 220 Bft The Wood Depot: Emile Mena, Forest Drive Belmopan. 1 m3 = 35.34 ft3 cell: 610 3591 1 ft3 = 12 Bft Chaha Creek Lumber Yard US$ 1 = BZ$ 2 Joe Mar Furniture shop: Key contacts in the three mennonite communities: - David Shirk : Upper Barton Creek - Abraham Martin: Lower Barton Creek - Isaac Friesen: Lower Barton Creek - Francisco Velasquez: Springfield - Omar Velasquez: Springfield Introduction onversion of primary forests to pastures is increased agricultural activity based on products widespread in Central and Latin America. for export, such as sugar cane, citrus, mango, pa- CThe progressive removal of trees has paya, bananas and cocoa (Sabido 2007). resulted in environmental degradation and a decline in productivity, simultaneously threaten- Among many timber producers in Belize, ing rural livelihoods and regional biodiversity. As Mennonite farmers have been actively working in a result, some agroforestry practices are being this area for a long time. Mennonite farmers not developed in Central America in order to re- only process lumber for trade but also for house- duce the pressure on the forests, and provide an hold use. In fact, most of the lumber they use is alternative source of timber especially for small for building their homes, furniture and fuelwood scale farmers. However, these practices are not for cooking. In order to understand their produc- yet widely implemented in all Central American tive value chain and contribute to other Belizean countries, as some of them are still harvesting the communities with available information based on forest as their main source of timber. local experiences, this study aims to systematize Mennonite’s timber supply chain as well as ana- Timber extraction in Belize began in the early lyze constraints and opportunities to strengthen 1920’s with the selective logging of elite species the value chain system. Due to the fact that this such as cedar (Cedrela odorata) and mahogany is a particular group with very strict religious (Swietenia macrophylla). This type of logging was practices, all the considerations and recommenda- certainly not intended to be sustainable as the tions in terms of the analysis are carried out with emphasis was exploitation (FAO 2005). It contin- respect for their religious beliefs. ued for well over seventy years; at the beginning of that period, logging operations represented The study covered three Mennonite communi- about 80% of total product exports, but by 1963 ties: Upper Barton Creek, Lower Barton Creek represented only 15% of exports and since and Springfield, all of them located in Cayo then this value has continued to decline due to District. With the lessons learned, suggestions for 5 improving the production process will be given. ¢ Field visits and semi-structured interviews to It is also expected that the study will provide an key contacts were conducted in the three commu- incentive to other communities for timber pro- nities to see the current situation and prospects of duction in agroforestry systems. the whole chain, logging, sawmill (primary trans- formation), carpentry (secondary transformation), In order to assess and systematize the experience, market and trade and how they get customers. the following procedure was observed: ¢ After field visits, the supply chain was mapped ¢ After approval of the consultancy work plan, a and validated with key informants to gather feed- meeting with key contacts of the three communi- back from them. ties was held in order to introduce the work and ¢ Consultation with stakeholders: other tim- explain the reason for doing so. ber manufacturers and traders, clients, Forest ¢ A literature review in forestry and silvopasto- Department, Ministry of Agriculture, and land- ral systems as well as methods to develop value owners nearby the communities were interviewed. chain studies and collection of information about ¢ All the information gathered was systematized the history of the Mennonites in Belize were car- and analyzed to produce this written report. ried out. 6 Socioeconomic context in the studied communities elize is the second smallest country 2008). They are migratory, looking for good condi- in Central America with an area of tions to live and work the land. B22,963 km2 and 303,422 inhabitants. The Belizean population is ethnically diverse, with a There are two types of Mennonites very well majority of multiracial descendants from Mestizo, differentiated in Belize: The progressive and the Creole, Maya, Garifuna and Mennonite. The conservative. The progressive Mennonites are Mestizos are the largest group, with its share of more modern and open to new technologies. the total population edging up to 50%, Creole They provide many services and products to the accounts for 25%, Maya and Garifuna make up country. They are located in Spanish Lookout, 10% and 4.6% respectively, while Mennonite Cayo District and in Blue Creek, Orange Walk population represents 3.5% (SIB 2010). District. The conservative Mennonites follow a very strict
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