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Food Production, Marketing, and Safety: Strategies for Caribbean Food Security CARIBBEAN FOOD CORPS SOCIETY SERVING THE CARIBBEAN SINCE 1963 CARIBBEAN FOOD CROPS SOCIETY 39 Thirty Ninth Annual Meeting 2003 Grenada Vol. XXXIX Number 1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 39th ANNUAL MEETING Caribbean Food Crops Society 39th Annual Meeting 13- 18 July 2003 Grenada Grand Beach Resort on Grand Anse Grenada, West Indies "Food Production, Marketing, and Safety: Strategies for Caribbean Food Security " United States Department of Agriculture, T-STAR Sponsored Symposium Challenges and Opportunities in Protecting the Caribbean, Latin America, and the United States from Invasive Species Special Workshop Edition Edited by Waldemar Klassen, Wilfredo Colon and Wanda Γ. Lugo Published by the Caribbean Food Crops Society © Caribbean Food Crops Society, 2003 ISSN 95-07-0410 Copies of this publication may be obtained from: Secretariat, CFCS c/o University of the Virgin Islands USVI Cooperative Extension Service Route 02, Box 10,000 Kingshill, St. Croix US Virgin Islands 00850 or from: CFCS Treasurer P.O, Box 506 Isabela, Puerto Rico 00663 Mention of company and trade names does not imply endorsement by the Caribbean Food Crops Society. The Caribbean Food Crops Society is not responsible for statements and opinions advanced in its meeting or printed in its proceedings: they represent the views of the individuals to whom they are credited and not binding on the Society as a whole. 2003 CFCS BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chair: Dr. Alberto Beale, University of Puerto Rico Vice Chair: Dr. Guy Anais, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Guadeloupe Secretary: Mr. Kofi Boateng, University of the Virgin Islands Treasurer: Mrs. Aurora Lugo-Lopez, Puerto Rico 2003 President: Dr. Malachy Dottin, Ministry of Agriculture, Grenada REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVES English: Mr. Kwame Garcia, University of the Virgin Islands Dr. Richard Harrison, Ministry of Agriculture, Jamaica Dr. Compton Paul, Food and Agriculture Organization, Honduras Spanish: Dr. Wilfredo Colon, Universidad del Este, Puerto Rico Mr. Jerry Dupuy, Secretaria de Estado de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Dominican Republic Dr. Alberto Beale, University of Puerto Rico French: Dr. Guy Anais, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Guadeloupe Mr. Marceau Farrant, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Guadeloupe Mr. Xavier Merlini, Association Martiniquaise pour le Développement des Plantes Alimentaires, Martinique Dutch: Dr. Lydia Ori, Centre for Agricultural Research, Suriname ADVISORY BOARD Mr. Hipôlito Mejia, Honorary Member, Dominican Republic Mrs. Altagracia Rivera de Castillo, Centro para el Desarrollo Agropecuario y Forestal, Dominican Republic Dr. Lawrence Lewis, Department of Agriculture, US Virgin Islands Dr. Alain Xande, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Dr. William Brown, University of Florida Mr. Angel Castillo, Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciôn Agropecuaria y Forestal, Dominican Republic Dr. Alberto Pantoja, University of Puerto Rico Dr. Charles McDavid, University of the West Indies SPECIAL ADVISORS Dr. Miguel Lugo-Lopez, Special Advisor to the Chairman Dr. Darshan Padda, Special Advisor to the Chairman for Fund Raising iii CARIBBEAN FOOD CORPS SOCIETY SERVING THE CARIBBEAN SINCE 1963 Caribbean Food Crops Society 39th Annual Meeting 13 - 18 July 2003 Grenada Grand Beach Resort on Grand Anse Grenada, West Indies "Food Production, Marketing, and Safety: Strategies for Caribbean Food Security" United States Department of Agriculture, T-STAR Sponsored Symposium Challenges and Opportunities in Protecting the Caribbean, Latin America, and the United States from Invasive Species TABLE OF CONTENTS CHALLENGES IN SAFEGUARDING THE GREATER CARIBBEAN BASIN 1 AGAINST INVASIVE PESTS, DISEASES, WEEDS AND OTHER AGENTS: A FLORIDA PERSPECTIVE Michael J. Shannon A REGIONAL MECHANISM FOR AGRICULTURAL HEALTH AND FOOD 6 SAFETY IN THE CARIBBEAN Everton Ambrose and H. Arlington D. Chesney DANGEROUS INVASIVE SPECIES THREATENING OR WITH A FOOTHOLD IN 12 THE CARIBBEAN Moses T. K. Kairo, Oliver D. Cheesman, Bibi S. Ali, Karen Haysom, Sean T. Murphy, and Chris Berg STRATEGIES FOR PEST SURVEY: TARGETS, METHODOLOGIES, AND 23 DIAGNOSTICS Daniel A. Fieselmann THE U.S. SOUTHERN REGION ANIMAL DISEASE AND PEST SURVEILLANCE 24 AND DETECTION NETWORK AND ITS POSSIBLE EXTENSION INTO THE CARIBBEAN AND LATIN AMERICA Gail C. Wisler PEST TARGETING EFFORTS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN OFFSHORE PEST 26 INFORMATION SYSTEM (OPIS) Robert J. Balaam and C. P. Schwalbe ν MODELS FOR MINIMIZING OR ELIMINATING RISKS OF DANGEROUS PESTS: 30 THE CARIBBEAN AMBLYOMMA PROGRAM Rupert G. Pegram, Lisa Indar, Rupert J. Holmes, and Carlos Eddi MODELS FOR MINIMIZING RISKS OF DANGEROUS PESTS : THE PINK 47 HIBISCUS MEALYBUG AND PAPAYA MEALYBUG Dale E. Meyerdirk and Lionel Wayne De Chi INVASIVE EXOTIC PLANTS IN NATURAL AREAS OF THE CARIBBEAN BASIN: 56 QUANTIFYING ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND FORMING MANAGEMENT PARTNERSHIPS Daniel W. Clark EDUCATION, TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR 64 PROTECTING THE CARIBBEAN, LATIN AMERICA AND THE UNITED STATES FROM INVASIVE SPECIES Alberto Pantoja andEverton Ambrose BRIDGING THE COMMUNICATION GAP BETWEEN ECONOMISTS AND 69 BIOLOGICAL SCIENTISTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INVASIVE SPECIES Edward A. Evans CIAT'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE DETECTION AND CONTROL OF INVASIVE 77 PESTS IN THE GREATER CARIBBEAN REGION Aart van Schoonhoven, A.C. Bellotti, C. Cardona, and F.J. Morales STRATEGIES AT THE SUBTROPICAL HORTICULTURE RESEARCH STATION 83 (USDA/ARS) FOR MITIGATING INVASIVE INSECT PESTS Robert R. Heath, Nancy D. Epsky, Thomas Weissling, David Midgarden, Paul Kendra, and Helena Puche DEVELOPMENT OF LURES FOR DETECTION AND DELIMITATION OF 84 INVASIVE ANASTREPHA FRUIT FLIES Nancy D. Epsky, Paul E. Kendra, and Robert R. Heath CURRENT STATUS OF EXOTIC TERMITES AND ANTS IN THE WEST INDIES 90 AND FLORIDA Rudolph Scheffrahn THE LOB ATE LAC SCALE INSECT, A NEW PEST OF TREES AND SHRUBS IN 91 FLORIDA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CARIBBEAN REGION F. W. Howard and Robert W. Pemberton THE NATURE CONSERVANCY'S CONSERVATION ACCOMPLISHMENTS AT 95 RISK: ABATING THE THREAT OF INVASIVE SPECIES Elizabeth A. Sklad, Ann M. Bartuska, John M. Randall, Barry A. Rice, Mandy Tu, and DoriaR. Gordon vi ENTOMOFAUNA INVASIVA EN PUERTO RICO: HISTORIA Y POTENCIALES 101 INTRODUCCIONES Rosa A. Franqiii INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: THEIR IMPACT 102 AND STRATEGIES TO MANAGE INTRODUCED PESTS C.A. Serra, P.E. Jorge, A.J. Abud-Antùn, P. Alvarez, andB. Peguero PROPOSED INVASIVE SPECIES PROJECTS FOR THE CARIBBEAN 119 INVASIVE SPECIES POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 128 CARIBBEAN REGIONAL INVASIVE SPECIES STRATEGY (CRISIS) 131 Everton Ambrose and Moses T.K. Kairo vii Proceedings of the Caribbean Food Crops Society. 39(1): 12-22. 2003 CHALLENGES IN SAFEGUARDING THE GREATER CARIBBEAN BASIN AGAINST INVASIVE PESTS, DISEASES, WEEDS, AND OTHER AGENTS: A FLORIDA PERSPECTIVE Michael J. Shannon, Plant Health Director, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 7022 N.W. 10 Place, Gainesville, FL 32605-3147 ABSTRACT: There is a clear and significant problem with the invasion of basin ecosystems by a wide array of biological agents impacting the social and economic systems, food supply, and unique environments. Basin members share both an interest in and dependency on trade with a great vulnerability to the inherent risks associated with it. Moreover, what threatens one generally is a threat to all. Mostly unilateral, occasional bilateral and few multilateral initiatives have been taken to cope with invasive alien species and more are in the planning stages. Now the challenge is how to take advantage of these initiatives and weave them into a strategic, coordinated set of actions to enhance prevention, exclusion, detection and management of high- threat agents basin-wide. Through this collective security approach, initiatives in regulation development, institution building, training, research, public affairs, and pest/disease/weed management would serve to strengthen safeguarding systems basin-wide. KEY WORDS: Regional safeguarding strategy, ecological and economic impacts, trade, invasive alien species, interdiction, collective security, Caribbean INTRODUCTION Florida, as a neighbor of countries within and adjacent to the Caribbean Sea, has a major stake in the effectiveness of safeguarding throughout this entire region against invasive alien species. I wish to briefly describe the enormous problem that invasive indigenous species pose to the political and ecological community described as the "Caribbean Basin", and to suggest a more strategic approach to addressing it. Whereas invasive species problems tend to be framed and attacked on an individual basis by each political jurisdiction, they impact the entire ecology, social structure, and economy of the region. As such, they would be more effectively attacked with our collective resources, as the collective priority they really are. Herein lies the relevance to the Caribbean Food Crops Society in providing this forum for focusing science and research directed to the prevention, detection, and management of key invasive species threats. This is the key outcome needed from this symposium. THE FLORIDA PERSPECTIVE As a member of the Caribbean Basin ecological community, the state of Florida, with its $6 billion agricultural industry, substantial marine and freshwater fisheries, major terrestrial and marine parks, extensive forests and naturalized areas, various unique ecosystems, and 15 million people, is presently faced with a tremendous amount of pressure from unwanted species
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