Paragliding Technical Manual
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
LIDING AG AS R SO PA C I M A I T I K O K N I S SIKKIM PARAGLIDING ASSOCIATION Reg. Under notification no. 2602 A/H 25-3-1960 SI. No. 2046, Vol.no.1 Reshithang, Ranka East Sikkim-737101 PARAGLIDING TECHNICAL MANUAL Drafted by: Raj Kumar Subba - President Sandeep Rai - General Secretary Ram Kumar Bhandari - Vice President (S/W) Col. Sukhdeep Sachdeva – Advisor Rikesh Rai – Member Printed @ Sparshan Enterprises First edition Copyright @ January 2018 by SPA Brief History of Paragliding By Ian Currer. It was in the year 1940s on the east cost of America, just down the road from the site of the Wright Brothers first successful flight, another Aviation Pioneer Dr. Francis Rogallo (NASA) was conducting experiment with kites and gliding parachutes made initially from pieces of glazed curtain material. Letter, in the year 1948 with his flexible delta designs the Ryan aircraft company Bizarre produce aerial cargo delivery wings, and it was utilised by several aviation pioneers as an excellent way of getting off the ground, and his research most notably the steerable recovery parachutes used by the Gemini Series in the United State space programme. Some of the earliest exponents of Hang-gliding, in those days pilot literally had to hang on with parallel bars under the armpits, wings are made of bamboo, polythene and sticky tape, but very soon in 1961 Tom Purcell Junior was tow launched on a Rogallo wings made of stronger stuff by machines in the USA. And in same year Barry Palmer also had a great success with a Rogallo based design. in the following year John Dickenson developed and flew a Rogallo wing with a triangular control frame and a swing seat, a design that is the basis of all flex wing weight shift hang-gliders to this days, and also he introduced the two men whose names are recognised by hang-glider pilots (Bill Moyes and Bill Bennett) worldwide, these two men developed hang-gliding as a Sports. Meanwhile, in the same year 1961 a sailplane pilot Walter Neumark from UK introduced a self inflating parachute being used for soaring flight. It was flying new types of parachute designed by Lemoigne and Pioneer, which were capable of far superior performance and control than the existing types and become to known as Parascending, which was foot launched from the steep slope hills with their ram-air „rigs‟ (head wind) and in first it was a small minority of pilots mostly in French and Swiss Alps. In the year 1968 the parascending appeared at Placid Lake in USA during the annual parachute competition which was recorded in article for Parachutist magazine by Dan Poynter. 1980s the year of learned about the foot launch, performance and stability of these extraordinary aircraft, cross-country flights of hundreds of miles were made, even Club pilots regularly used thermal and wave lift to gain thousands of feet of altitude. 1980s was the birth year of these improving performance ram-air Canopies popularly known as Paragliding. Nowadays the Paragliding manufacturers were looking for a very slow rate of descent and a good gliding performance, as the wing was inflated before launch putting less afford instant opening, with new and improved designs appearing on an almost monthly basis. Presently there are good training systems in many countries and all major manufacturers are supporting the airworthiness programmes for equipment. In the year 2014 the distance record for a Paragliding is 502 KM achieved by circling and climbing in thermals and hopping from one cloud to the next. The sports now has a 38 years track record and whilst we are still relatively young and are still learning. At present Paragliding has become a well established activity in the world. THE SPA TECHNICAL MANUAL WARNING: 1. Aviation\Paragliding in itself is not inherently dangerous, but to an even greater degree fatal, it is terribly unforgiving of any carelessness, incapacity or neglect. 2. This manual is not a do-it-yourself guide and the information contained within is intended to supplement training received and carried out under the control of persons properly qualified by the SPA. This manual is published by the Sikkim Paragliding Association (SPA), It is a modern treatise comprising information previously contained in the School Proprietor‟s Manual (produced by Sikkim Paragliding Association) and the Operating Producers for Ascending Parachutes, which was in turn superseded by the operations manual for paragliding, each of which were produced by former Sikkim Associates of Paragliding clubs. All of this reference work is superseded by this manual but remain the property of the Sikkim Paragliding Association. The manual is a living document which the Association will strive to keep current; any comments or suggestions for improvement or amendment are welcome. Reproduction in whole or part may be allowed only with the written permission of the SPA, and then only subject to proper acknowledgement and the understanding that no liability is attached to the SPA or its membership for the content of the manual. The SPA Technical Manual (TM) is the primary reference manual for operating the various disciplines of the sport safely and effectively and is based on experience gained over many years. Its purpose is to provide a single, central technical information resource for the Association and its licensed members. As the Technical Manual is now an electronic document, the posting of amendment section to all registered licensed members has been withdrawn, instead, an electronic copy of entire Manual containing the latest amendments will be available to download. Members will be notified through Sikkim sky sport magazine each time an amendment version of the Technical Manual is available. Registered licensed members are to familiarise themselves with the amendments listed on page (IV). Throughout the text of the manual certain procedures which are deemed to paramount to safe operating are identified by this symbol. TERMINOLOGY Throughout the text of the manual, the words “must” and “shall” are used to indicate a mandatory requirement. The word “expect” and “should” are used to indicate strong obligation. The word “may” is used to indicate discretion. GENDER PROTOCOL Purely to aid clarity and simplify the text the identification of the gender is by means of „he, him, his‟, etc. All interpretation is to be taken as including all genders and sexual orientations. CONTENT SECTION - 1: Policies Page Chapter - 1 Overview. 1 - 2 Chapter - 2 The FSC (Flying and Safety Committee). 3 - 12 Chapter - 3 Administration. 13 - 21 Chapter - 4 Safety Requirements and Practices. 22 - 24 Chapter - 5 Incident Reporting and Accident Investigation. 24 - 30 Chapter - 6 Disciplinary Procedures. 31 - 32 SECTION - 2: Operating Procedures Chapter - 1 General. 33 - 42 Chapter - 2 Hill Launched Paragliding. 43 - 45 SECTION - 3: Pilot Training Chapter - 1 Introducing to the Pilot Rating Scheme. 46 - 49 Chapter - 2 Student Training Programmes. 50 Chapter - 3 Pilot and Advance Pilot Tasks. 50 Chapter - 4 Associated Information. 50 - 53 SECTION - 4: Licensing Chapter - 1 Introduction. 54 - 57 Chapter - 2 The Coach, Operator and Dual Pilot Schemes. 58 - 70 Chapter - 3 The Instructor Schemes. 71 - 77 Chapter - 5 SPA Insurance Policy. 78 - 79 Safety Notices (to be inserted by owner on receipt) Acknowledgements This manual was initially drafted by the Safety & Development committee of the SPA, and gratefully acknowledges and compiled the work of the numerous authors and contributors to this and the preceding manuals. SECTION- 1: POLICIES CHAPTER – 1: OVERVIEW 1.1.1 Organisational outline 1.1.2 Clubs 1.1.3 Instructors 1.1.4 Coaches 1.1.5 Publications 1.1.6 Geography _________________________________________________________________________________ 1.1.1 Organisational outline The Sikkim Paragliding Association (SPA) is recognised by the appropriate government bodies as the Sikkim State Governing Body of the Aero sports of paragliding. The objective of the SPA includes promoting high standards of safety within the sport through pilot and instructor training and qualification scheme, airworthiness scheme and the dissemination of safety information. The Executives Council of the SPA delegates these tasks to the Flying and Safety Committee (FSC). Safety and training at school and club level are normally the responsibility of the Chief Flying Instructors or the Chief Coaches respectively: at the national level the SPA‟s Flying and safety committee (FSC) set the standards, monitor activities and ensure that the Association‟s aims are being met. Conventions As members progress their flying expertise they gain award through the Pilot Rating Scheme; instructors progress in a similar manner. All such awards are „qualifications‟, but to differentiate between the schemes of the FSC has decided that any member who „does something to another‟ (e.g. Trains directly) needs to be licensed accordingly; whereas those who wish to progress on a personal basis do so by achieving ratings. Hence all Instructors, Coaches, Operations and Dual Pilots are licensed, and it to those members. 1.1.2 Clubs All groups registered with the SPA are „clubs‟ although the facilities offered by each fall into two distinctly separate categories as shown below. The role each is same - to providing a paragliding discipline to the best benefit of its membership. The School Schools concentrate on providing instruction for the ab-initio enthusiast and also provide continuation training for qualified pilots. Such instruction or training is for remuneration or other consideration. Under the close supervision of qualified instructors the student is provided with the necessary tuition to become a competent, responsible and safe pilot of a flying craft. The Club Clubs, being non profit entities, cater for the needs of qualified pilots by securing flying sites, producing site guides and regular newsletters, organising social and informative evening sand events, etc. Clubs are pilots through the medium of coaches.