DOCSLIB.ORG

Jet Ski for the Song of the Same Name by Bikini Kill, See Reject All American. Jet Ski Is the Brand Name of a Personal Watercraf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Jet Ski for the Song of the Same Name by Bikini Kill, See Reject All American. Jet Ski Is the Brand Name of a Personal Watercraf Jet Ski From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Jet skiing) For the song of the same name by Bikini Kill, see Reject All American. European Personal Watercraft Championship in Crikvenica Waverunner in Japan Racing scene at the German Championship 2007 Jet Ski is the brand name of a personal watercraft manufactured by Kawasaki Heavy Industries. The name is sometimes mistakenly used by those unfamiliar with the personal watercraft industry to refer to any type of personal watercraft; however, the name is a valid trademark registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and in many other countries.[1] The term "Jet Ski" (or JetSki, often shortened to "Ski"[2]) is often mis-applied to all personal watercraft with pivoting handlepoles manipulated by a standing rider; these are properly known as "stand-up PWCs." The term is often mistakenly used when referring to WaveRunners, but WaveRunner is actually the name of the Yamaha line of sit-down PWCs, whereas "Jet Ski" refers to the Kawasaki line. [3] [4] Recently, a third type has also appeared, where the driver sits in the seiza position. This type has been pioneered by Silveira Customswith their "Samba". Contents [hide] • 1 Histor y • 2 Freest yle • 3 Freeri de • 4 Close d Course Racing • 5 Safety • 6 Use in Popular Culture • 7 See also • 8 Refer ences • 9 Exter nal links [edit]History In 1929 a one-man standing unit called the "Skiboard" was developed, guided by the operator standing and shifting his weight while holding on to a rope on the front, similar to a powered surfboard.[5] While somewhat popular when it was first introduced in the late 1920s, the 1930s sent it into oblivion.[citation needed] Clayton Jacobson II is credited with inventing the personal water craft, including both the sit-down and stand-up models. The two original models were made of hand-laid fibreglass, and included the 1973 WSAA Jet Ski 400, and the WSAB Jet Ski 400. The WSAA featured a flat bottom design that stayed with the JS hull until 1994. The WSAB featured a V- hull that enhanced turning, but was less stable and harder to ride. Only 500 of these WSAB Jet Skis were produced. In 1975, Kawasaki began mass production of the JS400-A, which featured an SMC hull. The JS400 came with a 400 cc two-stroke engine and a hull based upon the previous limited release models. In 1978, the Jet Ski 440 was introduced. It came with a new jet pump, handlebar mounted ignition controls, and a 440cc two-stroke engine. The 440 engine was almost the same as the old 400, but had a bigger cylinder bore. In 1982, the Jet Ski 550 became available for purchase. Not only did this new 550 have an engine that generated more power than a 440, with a bigger cylinder bore, and an improved exhaust pipe. The 550 also had a unique "mixed flow" pump that provided better low-end thrust. The 1982 JS 550 was available in yellow, with red decals. The 1983-1989 550s had red hulls, initially with a left front exhaust exit, but replaced by one the right front from 1986 onwards. The 1990-1994 JS 550sx models were white with a rear exit exhaust. This line of JS watercraft maintained very similar designs throughout their production from 1973–1994, and are still the only watercraft to have remained in production for so long. In 1986, Kawasaki broadened the world of Jet Skis by introducing a one person model with lean-in "sport" style handling and a 650 cc engine, dubbed the X-2. Then in 1989, they introduced their first two-passenger "sit-down" model, the Tandem Sport/Dual-Jetters (TS/DJ) with a step-through seating area. Kawasaki began using four-stroke engines in 2003. Combining this with the use of other technologies such as superchargers has allowed some engines to be able to produce up to 260 horsepower (190 kW), as seen in the later Kawasaki Ultra 260X and Sea-Doo RXP, RXT and RXP-X. Yamaha entered the personal watercraft market in 1987, Bombardier in 1988, and Arctic and Polaris in the early 1990s. [edit]Freestyle This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2009) Freestyle riding of personal watercraft is done mostly on a stand up design, with the exception of a few other craft, such as the Yamaha Waveblaster, Sea- Doos, and early X-2s. Modern freestyle utilizes primarily the Yamaha Superjet, as it is lighter and smaller than the Kawasaki SX-R. PWC freestyle consists of many different tricks, including big air, hood tricks and technical tricks which, like those in BMX, are judged on the quality and skill shown in routines by a panel of judges. Professional Freestyle competition started in the late 1970s with the formation of the USJSBA, later changed to the IJSBA. In the early 1980s, two-time dock- jumping World Freestyle Champion, Larry "The Ripper" Rippenkroeger and 1983 World Freestyle Champion, "Flyin" Brian Bendix, became industry recognized names. There were other innovators near the beginning like firework-shooting Cosmic Miller and teenager Pat Helfrick. At this time, freestyle competition was dominated by five-time consecutive World Freestyle Champion, David "The Flash" Gordon, who had a style characterized not by spectacular tricks, but by finesse, poise, and control. There were ramp Jump competitions at Cypress Gardens about this time as well, although these were not considered to be freestyle. After Gordon came Scott "Hollywood" Watkins who made an impact when he released the first "Freestyle Lifestyle" video, Jet Dreams. The 1990s ushered in a new era of freestyle innovation. New wider and longer hull configurations from manufacturers other than Kawasaki, customized hull/tray modifications, and more powerful engines, were contributing factors that influenced a shift from "finesse" or "gymnastics" style maneuvers to aerial based stunts. Scott "Hollywood" Watkins and X-2 rider Jeff Kantz helped pave the way to this new "style" of freestyle competition. Stunts like the aerial "back flip", first performed in competition by "Flyin" Brian Bendix, and the "barrel roll", which Jeff Kantz invented, and "Trick" Rick Roy perfected, became staples in freestyle competition events. The mid 1990s also saw a fundamental shift from multi-discipline competitors such as Brian Bendix, David Gordon, Cosmic Miller, Scott Watkins and Larry Rippenkroeger, who all competed in freestyle as well as slalom and closed course events, to single-discipline competitors like Marc Sickerling, Rick Roy, Alessander Lenzi, and Eric Malone, who specialized in freestyle exclusively. Eric Malone went on to become an eight-time freestyle champion, perfecting the back flip and multiple barrel rolls on flat water. Freestyle has also become more international, with a number of Japanese competitors being especially successful. [edit]Freeride This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2009) This is the most extreme form of PWC riding, where the rider surfs waves, using them as a jump ramp for aerial maneuvers. Pioneered in the early days by Dan Baker and Scott "Hollywood" Watkins, freeriding became defined by the "re- entry", when a rider jumps off a breaking wave and lands back on it, continuing to ride the wave. Watkins, who worked for Yamaha Motors, was the most influential freerider, and his style is often cited[by whom?] as the most pure expression of the sport. Later riders such as Pierre Maixent, Federico Bufacchi, Jimmy and James Visser, Florence Le Vot, Ivo Sehn, Randy Laine, Rick Roy, Clay Cullen, Joe Kenney, and Mark Tearle further added further innovations, emulating the moves performed bysurfers and FMX riders. [edit]Closed Course Racing This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2009) Closed course racing is a form of PWC riding with up to twenty riders competing to finish first. The course is defined by red buoys (indicating left turns), yellow buoys (for right turns), a start line and a finish line. The start line is typically at the shore with three poles and a rubber cord. Usually an event has two motos in a day. Closed course racing began in the mid 1970s with Doug Silverstein, Steve Stricklin, Brian Bendix, and Larry Rippenkroeger, who primarily rode modified 440cc and 550cc stand-up models. Doug Silverstein was the first competitor to win the USJSBA national points championship. Larry Rippenkroeger was the first competitor to win the championship twice, in 1982 and 1984. "Flyin" Brian Bendix won in 1983. David Gordon was the first competitor to win the championship two years in a row. Then in 1987, Jeff Jacobs, of El Cajon, CA, won the national points championship and went on to dominate the professional ski stand-up class through 2001. During the 1980s, professional PWC riding competition had a grass-roots following of race fans and enthusiasts throughout the United States. During these early days, the national points tour included fifteen events, and started on Memorial Day weekend and ran through Labor Day weekend, culminating with the five event Florida World Cup series, promoted by the Lauber brothers. From 1992 to 1996 the sport reached its peak of popularity. Some of the most successful riders of that period included Jeff Jacobs, Chris Fischetti, Minoru Kanamori, Victor Sheldon, Tom Bonacci, Chris MacClugage, Bill Pointer, Frank Romero, Dustin Farthinga and Art Chambers.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 3-VIEWS - TABLE of CONTENTS to Search: Hold "Ctrl" Key Then Press "F" Key
    3-VIEWS - TABLE of CONTENTS To search: Hold "Ctrl" key then press "F" key. Enter manufacturer or model number in search box. Click your back key to return to the search page. It is highly recommended to read Order Instructions and Information pages prior to selection. Aircraft MFGs beginning with letter A ................................................................. 3 B ................................................................. 6 C.................................................................10 D.................................................................14 E ................................................................. 17 F ................................................................. 18 G ................................................................21 H................................................................. 23 I .................................................................. 26 J ................................................................. 26 K ................................................................. 27 L ................................................................. 28 M ................................................................30 N................................................................. 35 O ................................................................37 P ................................................................. 38 Q ................................................................40 R................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Soft Kites—George Webster
    Page 6 The Kiteflier, Issue 102 Soft Kites—George Webster Section 1 years for lifting loads such as timber in isolated The first article I wrote about kites dealt with sites. Jalbert developed it as a response to the Deltas, which were identified as —one of the kites bending of the spars of large kites which affected which have come to us from 1948/63, that their performance. The Kytoon is a snub-nosed amazingly fertile period for kites in America.“ The gas-inflated balloon with two horizontal and two others are sled kites (my second article) and now vertical planes at the rear. The horizontals pro- soft kites (or inflatable kites). I left soft kites un- vide additional lift which helps to reduce a teth- til last largely because I know least about them ered balloon‘s tendency to be blown down in and don‘t fly them all that often. I‘ve never anything above a medium wind. The vertical made one and know far less about the practical fins give directional stability (see Pelham, p87). problems of making and flying large soft kites– It is worth nothing that in 1909 the airship even though I spend several weekends a year —Baby“ which was designed and constructed at near to some of the leading designers, fliers and Farnborough has horizontal fins and a single ver- their kites. tical fin. Overall it was a broadly similar shape although the fins were proportionately smaller. —Soft Kites“ as a kite type are different to deal It used hydrogen to inflate bag and fins–unlike with, compared to say Deltas, as we are consid- the Kytoon‘s single skinned fin.
    [Show full text]
  • Arci Copy C Available to NASA Offices and Research Centers Only
    NASA RESF_CH ON FLEXIBLE wINGS By Francis M. Rogallo NASA Langley Research Center Langley station_ Hampton, Va. Presented at the international Congress of Subsonic Aeronautics Gp 0 p_|CE $ cFSTI p_lCE(,S_ $ _arci copy _c_ N_,cro_che _MF) ,ff 653 JuW 65 New york_ New york April .5-6_ 1967 Available to NASA Offices and Research Centers Only, U. NASA RESEARCH ON FLEXIBLE WINGS By Francis M. Rogallo NASA Langley Research Center SUMMARY Flexible wings are wings made of very loose or slack cloth whose configu- ration in flight is maintained by the combination of the aerodynamic forces and the reactions from the load suspension system. Such wings can be completely flexible_ or they may be stiffened in several ways to meet the requirements of particular applications. Wing planforms and the geometry of the load suspension system are also subject to wide variations. The overall spectrum of flexible wings investigated at the Langley Research Center is presented and the state of the art with regard to maximum lift-drag ratios obtained is defined for a wide range of wing configurations. Maximum lift-drag ratios above 3.0 were obtained on completely flexible wings; and for cylindrical-type flexible wings, values of lift-drag ratios up to 17.0 were obtained when the wing had small, tapered rigid leading edges. The flexible wings of most immediate interest are those with no structural stiffening because they have weight, volume, packing, and deployment character- istics potentially as good as those of conventional parachutes, but provide a stable and controllable glide with performance adequate for aerial delivery of cargo and personnel, for landing space capsules, boosters, or hypersonic air- craft, and as emergency wings for aircraft or aircraft escape systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit – I - Elements of Helicopter Aerodynamics – Sae1608
    SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING UNIT – I - ELEMENTS OF HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS – SAE1608 I. INTRODUCTION Principles of Flight A helicopter is a heavier than air flying machine that has a lifting force created by a main rotor according to aerodynamic principles. The basic components of a helicopter are as follows • Main rotor. Put in motion by the power plant (engine). • Fuselage. Intended for accommodation of crew, passengers, equipment and cargo. • Landing gear, that is, arrangement intended for movement over the ground /6 or for parking. • Tail rotor. Provides directional equilibrium and directional control of the helicopter. • Propulsion system which sets in motion the lifting and tail rotors and auxiliary systems. • Transmission transfers the torque from the power plant to the main and tail rotors. Fig.1 2 • Flight is possible for a flying machine if there is a lifting force counterbalancing its weight. • The lifting force of the helicopter originates at the main rotor. By the rotation of the main rotor in the air a thrust force is developed perpendicular to the plane of rotor rotation. • If the main rotor rotates in the horizontal plane, then its thrust force T is directed vertically upwards (Figure 2), that is, vertical flight is possible. Figure 2: Vertical Flight • The characteristics of the flight depend on the correlation between the thrust force of the main rotor and the weight of the helicopter. • If the thrust force equals the weight of the helicopter, then it will remain motionless in the air. • If, though, the thrust force is greater than the weight, then the helicopter will pass from being motionless into a vertical climb.
    [Show full text]
  • PIM 2C - Section 1: Precision Accuracy 2 Canadian Sport Parachuting Association
    PARACHUTIST INFORMATION MANUAL Part Two C Advanced © Canadian Sport Skydiving Skills Parachuting Association 300 Forced Road May 2004 Russell, Ontario K4R 1A1 Draft PIM 2 C ADVANCED SKYDIVING SKILLS TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1: PRECISION ACCURACY ……………………………… 1 SECTION 2: SPEED STYLE …………………………………………. 13 SECTION 3: INTRODUCTION TO SKYSURFING ……………… 25 SECTION 4: CAMERA FLYING …………………………………….. 34 SECTION 5: INTRODUCTION TO FREE FLYING SIT FLYING .. 42 SECTION 6: CANOPY REALITIVE WORK ………………………... 55 SECTION 7: DEMOSTRATION JUMPS AND THE EXHIBITION JUMP RATING …………………………………………. 73 SECTION 8: INTRODUCTION TO FREE FLYING HEAD DOWN ……………………………………………. 83 Canadian Sport Parachuting Association 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1: PRECISION ACCURACY The Starting Point ………………………………………………………….. 2 Preparation …………………………………………………………………. 2 In-flight …………………………………………………………………….. 2 Canopy Control ……………………………………………………………. 3 a) The Set-Up Point …………………………………………………... 3 Set-up Point Selection…………………………………………… 3 Crosswind ………………………………………………………. 3 Into the Wind……………………………………………………. 4 Flying to the set-up Point ………………………………………. 5 b) Angle Control on the Glide Slope ………………………………. … 5 Adjustments to the Glide Slope ……………………………… 5 Advanced Techniques ……………………………………………………... 6 a) Rolling On ………………………………………………………….. 6 b) Foot Placement Techniques ……………………………………….. 7 Unusual Situations ………………………………………………………… 8 a) Thermals …………………………………………………………… 8 b) Cutaways …………………………………………………………… 8 Equipment …………………………………………………………………. 8 a) Harness and Containers ………………………………………… .
    [Show full text]
  • Activity Notification Form
    Activity Notification Form Are your Girl Scouts going on a trip or participating in a special activity? Girl Scouting activities outside regular troop meetings are so important in creating a positive Girl Scouting experience! Complete this form and submit to your OCMT to let them know about your exciting plans! Don’t fall under an OCMT? Let USAGSO know about your plans by submitting directly to [email protected]. If you will be participating in a High Risk Activity needing council approval OR if you need insurance for your trip, please complete this form and submit to [email protected] at least 2 weeks prior to the activity. You may also submit your request using our online form HERE. Not sure if you need insurance or are participating in a High Risk Activity? See Sections 2 and 3 for more details. To be completed by the Troop Leader or Girl Scout Volunteer coordinatinge A th ctivity. SECTION 1 Activity/Trip Information Activity Destination/Location Describe your activity and itinerary. Additional information about your plans may also be attached separately. Troop or Activity Leader Name Troop # (if applicable) Troop Level(s) (check all that apply) Daisy Brownie Junior Cadette Senior Ambassador Troop or Activity Leader email Troop or Activity Leader phone Overseas Community # Girls Attending # Tag-a-longs * # Registered Adults # Un-registered Adults Total # Participants attending Attending * Departure/Start Date & Time Return/End Date & Time Name of First-Aid Certified Adult attending the trip Mode of Transportation If traveling as a group, please check all modes of transportation that will be used.
    [Show full text]
  • Jet Ski for the Song of the Same Name by Bikini Kill, See Reject All
    Jet Ski From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Jet skiing) For the song of the same name by Bikini Kill, see Reject All American. European Personal Watercraft Championship in Crikvenica Waverunner in Japan Racing scene at the German Championship 2007 Jet Ski is the brand name of a personal watercraft manufactured by Kawasaki Heavy Industries. The name is sometimes mistakenly used by those unfamiliar with the personal watercraft industry to refer to any type of personal watercraft; however, the name is a valid trademark registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and in many other countries.[1] The term "Jet Ski" (or JetSki, often shortened to "Ski"[2]) is often mis-applied to all personal watercraft with pivoting handlepoles manipulated by a standing rider; these are properly known as "stand-up PWCs." The term is often mistakenly used when referring to WaveRunners, but WaveRunner is actually the name of the Yamaha line of sit-down PWCs, whereas "Jet Ski" refers to the Kawasaki line. [3] [3] [4] Recently, a third type has also appeared, where the driver sits in the seiza position. This type has been pioneered by Silveira Customswith their "Samba". Contents [hide] • 1 Histor y • 2 Freest yle • 3 Freeri de • 4 Close d Course Racing • 5 Safety • 6 Use in Popular Culture • 7 See also • 8 Refer ences • 9 Exter nal links [edit]History In 1929 a one-man standing unit called the "Skiboard" was developed, guided by the operator standing and shifting his weight while holding on to a rope on the front, similar to a powered surfboard.[5] While somewhat popular when it was first introduced in the late 1920s, the 1930s sent it into oblivion.[citation needed] Clayton Jacobson II is credited with inventing the personal water craft, including both the sit-down and stand-up models.
    [Show full text]
  • Meteorological Equipment Data Sheets
    TM 750-5-3 TECHNICAL MANUAL METEOROLOGICAL EQUIPMENT DATA SHEETS HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY 30 APRIL 1973 *TM 750–5–3 TECHNICAL MANUAL HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY No. 750–5–3 WASHINGTON, D.C., 30 April 1973 METEOROLOGICAL EQUIPMENT DATA SHEETS Paragraph Page SECTION I. INTRODUCTION Scope _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 3 Purpose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 3 Organization of content _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 3 3 US Army type classifications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 3 Currency of information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 4 Omitted data_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 4 II.
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction and Brief History
    KITES An Introduction and Brief History SKY WIND WORLD.ORG FLYING A ROKAKKU - FLYING BUFFALO PROJECT HISTORY From China kites spread to neighboring countries and across the seas to the Pacific region. At the same time they spread across Burma, India and arriving in North Africa about 1500 years ago. They did not arrive in Europe or America until much later probably via the trade routes Kites are thought to have originated in China about 3000 years ago. One story is that a fisherman was out on a windy day and his hat blew away and got caught on his fishing line which was then when these areas developed. blown up in to the air. Bamboo was a ready source of straight sticks for spars and silk fabric was available to make a light covering, then in the 2nd century AD paper was invented and is still used to this day. PHYSICS Kites fly when thrust, lift, drag and gravity are balanced. The flying line and bridle hold the kite at an angle to the wind so that the air flows faster across the top than the bottom producing the lift. THE PARTS OF A KITE 1 THE SAIL • This can be made of any material such as paper, fabric or plastic. • It is used to trap the air. The air must have somewhere to escape otherwise it spills over the front edge and makes the kite wobble. This can be done by using porous fabric or making it bend backwards to allow the air to slip smoothly over the side.
    [Show full text]
  • Accelerated Reader Book List 08-09
    Accelerated Reader Book List 08-09 Test Number Book Title Author Reading Level Point Value -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35821EN 100th Day Worries Margery Cuyler 3.0 0.5 107287EN 15 Minutes Steve Young 4.0 4.0 8251EN 18-Wheelers Linda Lee Maifair 5.2 1.0 661EN The 18th Emergency Betsy Byars 4.7 4.0 7351EN 20,000 Baseball Cards...Sea Jon Buller 2.5 0.5 30561EN 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (Gr Verne/Vogel 5.2 3.0 6201EN 213 Valentines Barbara Cohen 4.0 1.0 166EN 4B Goes Wild Jamie Gilson 4.6 4.0 8252EN 4X4's and Pickups A.K. Donahue 4.2 1.0 9001EN The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubb Dr. Seuss 4.0 1.0 31170EN The 6th Grade Nickname Game Gordon Korman 4.3 3.0 413EN The 89th Kitten Eleanor Nilsson 4.7 2.0 71428EN 95 Pounds of Hope Gavalda/Rosner 4.3 2.0 81642EN Abduction! Peg Kehret 4.7 6.0 11151EN Abe Lincoln's Hat Martha Brenner 2.6 0.5 101EN Abel's Island William Steig 5.9 3.0 76357EN The Abernathy Boys L.J. Hunt 5.3 6.0 9751EN Abiyoyo Pete Seeger 2.2 0.5 86635EN The Abominable Snowman Doesn't R Debbie Dadey 4.0 1.0 117747EN Abracadabra! Magic with Mouse an Wong Herbert Yee 2.6 0.5 815EN Abraham Lincoln Augusta Stevenson 3.5 3.0 17651EN The Absent Author Ron Roy 3.4 1.0 10151EN Acorn to Oak Tree Oliver S. Owen 2.9 0.5 102EN Across Five Aprils Irene Hunt 6.6 10.0 7201EN Across the Stream Mirra Ginsburg 1.7 0.5 17602EN Across the Wide and Lonesome Pra Kristiana Gregory 5.5 4.0 76892EN Actual Size Steve Jenkins 2.8 0.5 86533EN Adam Canfield of the Slash Michael Winerip 5.4 9.0 118142EN Adam Canfield,
    [Show full text]
  • Perpetual Flight in Flow Fields
    Perpetual Flight in Flow Fields by Ricardo Ayres Gomes Bencatel A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Electrical and Computer Engineering) in the University of Porto, School of Engineering Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor Fernando Lobo Pereira, Chair Professor Anouck Girard Associate Lu´ısaBastos Doctor Jos´eMorgado c Ricardo Ayres Gomes Bencatel 2012 All Rights Reserved To my family and my girlfriend, who supported my endeavors and endured the necessary absences. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank with all my heart my family and my girlfriend for the support in the easy and the hard times, and for the encouragement to always do my best and surpass myself. Furthermore, I would like to thank the friendship of Nuno Costa with whom I developed and tested several model aircraft, which contributed to the knowledge required for this work. I would like to thank the support from AsasF group and the researchers from the Un- derwater Systems and Technology Laboratory, specially Jo~aoSousa and Gil Gon¸c´alves, and Pedro Almeida for their support, and in particular Jo~aoCorreia, Joel Gomes, Eduardo Oliveira, Rui Caldeira, Filipe Ferreira, Bruno Terra, Filipe Costa Ferreira, Joel Cardoso, and S´ergioFerreira for their friendship, support, and assistance. I gratefully acknowledge the support of the Portuguese Air Force Academy, specially Cap. El´oiPereira, Lt. Tiago Oliveira, Cap. Jos´eCosta, Sgt. Joaquim Gomes, Sgt. Paulo Teixeira, Lt. Gon¸caloCruz, Lt. Col. Morgado, Maj. Madruga, Lt. Jo~aoCaetano, and Sgt. Fernandes. I'm most grateful for the time I spend at the Aerospace Department from the University of Michigan.
    [Show full text]
  • Powered Paraglider Longitudinal Dynamic Modeling and Experimentation
    POWERED PARAGLIDER LONGITUDINAL DYNAMIC MODELING AND EXPERIMENTATION By COLIN P. GIBSON Bachelor of Science in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK 2014 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December, 2016 POWERED PARAGLIDER LONGITUDINAL DYNAMIC MODELING AND EXPERIMENTATION Thesis Approved: Dr. Andrew S. Arena Thesis Adviser Dr. Joseph P. Conner Dr. Jamey D. Jacob ii Name: COLIN P. GIBSON Date of Degree: DECEMBER, 2016 Title of Study: POWERED PARAGLIDER LONGITUDINAL DYNAMIC MODELING AND EXPERIMENTATION Major Field: MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Abstract: Paragliders and similar controllable decelerators provide the benefits of a compact packable parachute with the improved glide performance and steering of a conventional wing, making them ideally suited for precise high offset payload recovery and airdrop missions. This advantage over uncontrollable conventional parachutes sparked interest from Oklahoma State University for implementation into its Atmospheric and Space Threshold Research Oklahoma (ASTRO) program, where payloads often descend into wooded areas. However, due to complications while building a powered paraglider to evaluate the concept, more research into its design parameters was deemed necessary. Focus shifted to an investigation of the effects of these parameters on the flight behavior of a powered system. A longitudinal dynamic model, based on Lagrange’s equation for adaptability when adding free-hanging masses, was developed to evaluate trim conditions and analyze system response. With the simulation, the effects of rigging angle, fuselage weight, center of gravity (cg), and apparent mass were calculated through step thrust input cases.
    [Show full text]