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UNIVERSITY OF LONDON See over for Abstract of Thesis notes on completion Author (full names) &V .... .L.C?>A\'S.GL .................... ........................................................................... Title of thesis .0.0. Ot>A.......\...........................0 ...... CrfbQ <£,....... S k w ....l:\ShO.- . )y^~. ^ L , J l . )Vy. 0 ‘.At U . i L f t X Abstract This thesis examines the hypothesis that a pioneering group of Luso Indian medical doctors played a role in legitimating western medicine among indigenous elites in nineteenth century Bombay. The term Luso Indian is used here to refer specifically to indigenous Portuguese speaking Indians primarily from the populations known today as being East Indian and Goan. Chapter 1 of the thesis discusses definitions of ‘community’ and ‘identity’ in relationship to ‘caste,’ ‘race’ and ‘religion.’ The notion that our community formed a single and segregated entity is explored, using both official categories derived from the Census reports and ethnographical accounts and unofficial categories examined through an analysis of the popular Catholic press. Chapter 2 examines the role of Grant Medical College in providing a springboard for entry into the medical services of colonial Bombay. While the majority Hindu and Muslim population were constrained from embarking on a career in medicine by cultural and religious taboos, a number of Luso Indians availed themselves of opportunities offered at the college. The chapter also explores the medical groups and associations which attempted to create a professional medical community. The third chapter provides a study of the intellectual milieu in Bombay during the nineteenth century and a case study often prominent Luso Indians involved in the medical profession. Two of the sample are women, both of them were the wives of medical men included in this study, one was a doctor in her own right. A database of biographical material relating to a larger sample of Luso Indians in the medical profession is presented in the Appendix. The thesis concludes by suggesting that these Luso Indians played an important role in legitimising western medicine in India. ProQuest Number: 10673023 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10673023 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Notes for Candidates 1 Type your abstract on the other side of this sheet. 2. Use single-space typing. Limit your abstract to one side of the sheet. 3. Send this copy of your abstract to: The Theses Assistant, University of London Library, Senate House, Malet Street, London, WC1E7HU - - ------ This abstract should be sent to the University Library at the same time you submit the copies of your thesis to the Higher Degree Examinations Office, Room 16, Senate House. 4. The University Library will circulate this sheet to ASLIB (Association of Special Libraries and Information Bureaux) for publication in Abstracts of Theses. For official use Subject Panel/Specialist Group BLLD ...................................... Date of Acceptance Community and Identity; A Case Study of Luso Indian Participation in the Medical Profession in Nineteenth Century Bombay Shirley Louise Gonsalves School of Oriental and African Studies University of London M.Phil 1 Abstract This thesis examines the hypothesis that a pioneering group of Luso Indian medical doctors played a role in Western medicine in nineteenth century Bombay. The term Luso Indian is used here to refer specifically to indigenous Portuguese speaking Indians primarily from the populations known today as being East Indian and Goan. Chapter 1 of the thesis discusses definitions of ‘community' and ‘identity5 in relationship to ‘caste,’ ‘race’ and ‘religion.’ The notion that our community formed a single and segregated entity is explored, using both official categories derived from the Census reports and ethnographical accounts and unofficial categories examined through an analysis of the popular Catholic press. Chapter 2 examines the role of Grant Medical College in providing a springboard for entry into the medical services of Colonial Bombay. While the majority Hindu and Muslim population were constrained from embarking on a career in medicine by cultural and religious taboos, a number of Luso Indians availed themselves of opportunities offered at the college. The chapter also explores the medical groups and associations which attempted to create a professional medical community. The third chapter provides a study of the intellectual milieu in Bombay during the nineteenth century and a case study of ten prominent Luso Indians involved in the medical profession. Two of the sample are women, both of them were the wives of medical men included in this study, one was a doctor in her own right. A database of biographical material relating to a larger sample of Luso Indians in the medical profession is presented in the Appendix. The thesis concludes by suggesting that these Luso Indians played an important role in the profession of Western medicine in India during thisperiod. 3 Table of Contents Community and Identity: A Case Study of Luso Indian Participation in the Medical Profession in Nineteenth Century Bombay Title Page: p.l. Declaration: p.2. A bstract: p.3. Table of Contents: p.4. Abbreviations: p.5. Acknowledgments: pp.6 - 7 Introduction : pp.8 - 16, Chapter One: Religion, Race and Language : Luso Indian' Identities' - and 'Communities' in Nineteenth Century Bombay. pp.17- 48. Chapter Two: Institutionalising Western Medicine: Grant Medical College and Medical Services in Bombay. pp. 49 - 68. Chapter Three: Biographical Survey: Methodology and Sources. pp. 69 - 78. Chapter Four: Adapting Colonial-Knowledge rthe Luso Indian Contribution to the Intellectual Life of Bombay Presidency. pp. 79 - 118. Conclusion: PP- 119 - 124. Appendix: (i) A List of Sources used to Compile The Database pp. 127 - 130. (ii) A Database of Seventy Luso Indian Doctors pp. 132-202. Bibliography: PP- 203 - 215. 4 Abbreviations BMU Bombay Medical Union DNB Dictionary of National Biogmphy DPI Director of Public Instruction FRCP Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians FRCS Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons FRCPS Fellow of the College of Physicians and Surgeons GD General Department Volumes, Maharashtra State Archives GMC Grant Medical College GCMS Grant College Medical Society JJ. Hospital Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy Hospital LM Licentiate of Medicine LM&S Licentiate of Medicine and Surgery LRCP Licentiate of Royal College of Physicians LRCS Licentiate of Royal College of Surgeons MSA Maharashtra State Archives MB Bachelor of Medicine MD Doctor of Medicine MRCP Member of the Royal College of Physicians MRCS Member of The Royal College of Surgeons n/a not available/ unknown TMPSB Transactions of the Medical and Physical Society o f Bombay 5 Acknowledgments The work described in this thesis was carried out whilst I was a part-time post graduate student at the School of Oriental and African Studies in the Department of History 2003-2008. I am most grateful to University of London Central Research Fund and to the School of Oriental and African Studies for a Fieldwork Award which made travel to and research in India possible. There have been a large number of people that have been invaluable in the complex process of researching and in writing this thesis. There are far to many to name individually. However, I would like to mention staff members at SO AS whose professional advice and guidance allowed me to complete this thesis, hi particular, I am most grateful for the academic supervision provided by Professor Tom Tomlinson. He has been so generous with his time and has so kindly provided helpful comments, diligent feedback and stimulating discussion. Other members of SO AS staff that have been such a great support to me over the last few years, include, Dr. John Campbell, Carol Riffkin at the Learning and Teaching Unit, Pam Radford of the Registry, Carol Miles in the Department of History and Rev. Dr. Humphrey Fisher, who although a retired member of staff, continues to provide inspiration friendship and encouragement. Dr. Mridula Ramanna from the University of Bombay and kindly provided important advice, encouragement and mentoring whilst I was in India. I am most grateful to Dr. Cristiana Bastos who so generously shared her research findings on the Medical School in Goa. I am most grateful to both John McBride and Dr. Kenneth Page for proof reading the thesis and making helpful suggestions and comments. A range of libraries and archives in the UK and -in India were consulted in researching this area. Staff members at the following institutions were extremely helpful in assisting me in my research: SOAS Library, The British Library, especially staff at the Indian Office Library; University Of London Library; The Library and Museum of Freemasonary, London, The Wellcome Library and Cambridge University Library, hi Mumbai the Maharashtra State Archives, Grant Medical College Library, Archbishop’s Ecclesiastic Archive, Bombay Asiatic Society Library, Bombay Natural History Library, Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture, especially to Fr. Joseph Velinkar and staff at Mumbai University Library, Fort, hi Goa, The Xavier’s Historical Research Centre, in particular 6 to Mrs Lila Maria D’Souza for kindly translating some Portuguese texts and to Fr. Delio de Mendonga for his help. Fr. Nascementio Mascarhenas was most supportive as were staff at the Menezes Braganza Library in Panjim. Staff at YWCA Mumbai, and at Nutford House London deserve a special mention for making my stay so pleasant.
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