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UTAH PESTS News Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory and USU Extension Vol. IV, Winter 2010 Battling Bed Bugs in Utah “Sleep tight, don’t let the bed bugs bite.” All people know this phrase, and the harsh reality of its meaning is becom- What’s Inside ing known once again. Over the past Turfgrass Insect Pests of decade, reports of bed bugs (Cimicidae: Utah Cimex lectularius) throughout North America and abroad have been on the Encouraging Native Pol- linators in Your Yard and rise. Accordingly, bed bug submissions Garden to the UPPDL have also been increasing. This article will briefly explain the recent In the Spotlight: Are resurgence of bed bugs, and consider- Native Plants Resistant to ations for selecting a pest control com- Pests? bugwood.org pany to eradicate bed bug problems. On the Lookout for Invasive Tree Fruit and HISTORY OF BED BUGS Landscape Pests In the 1920s and 1930s, Americans were News, Publications, Web plagued by bed bugs. Some reports sites, Calendar stated that one out of every three homes was infested. People could pick News Highlights up unwanted bugs on buses, taxis, in the NEW UTAH PESTS movie theater, and just about anywhere. FACT SHEETS But in the early 1950s, bed bugs disap- bugwood.org The following can be peared from the developed world’s radar, found on our Web site: thanks to new insecticides like DDT, and Raspberry Horntail improved living standards. DDT applica- Community tions in homes, hotels, transportation Grasshopper Control vehicles, and health care facilities would kill bed bugs for several months to over a year. PESTICIDES IN SCHOOLS: A HOT Due to the elimination DDT and the TOPIC bugwood.org increase in world travel, bed bugs started Parents of school-age a resurgence in the 1990s, with increas- children should become Top: Bed bugs can be found in a variety of ing reports of infestations in the last few aware of reducing or elimi- life stages (instars), often huddled together. years. Today’s insecticides are not up to nating harmful chemicals the challenge of effectively controlling in Utah’s schools. Get Middle: Adult bed bugs feed for about 15 bed bugs, largely because pesticide manu- involved by visiting the minutes before they become engorged to facturers have not had to create chemi- EPA’s IPM in Schools, or three times their size. cals to battle these pests, and because of the University of Florida’s resistance to the few products that are Bottom: Blood-like excrement emitted School IPM Web sites to registered for use. Because of increased from a feeding bed bug will stain sheets and learn about helping to keep travel, people are unknowingly transport- mattresses, and can be used to detect the your child’s school healthy. ing bed bugs all over the world, and even presence of an active bed bug infestation. www.utahpests.usu.edu into their own homes. continued on next page Bed Bugs in Utah continued from previous page UTAH PESTS I HAVE BED BUGS. NOW WHAT? • performs a detailed inspection before Staff The first thing you need to understand is every application and after the final that bed bugs are a very difficult indoor application pest to eliminate. Their biology and hab- • takes detailed notes during spray its are geared toward survival, and stan- treatments and inspections Diane Alston dard management practices that work on Extension Entomologist most indoor pests are not applicable to • vacuums and steam cleans carpets, [email protected] bed bugs. Eliminating bed bugs will take mattresses, box springs, and furniture 435-797-2516 two to three visits from a pest control • runs a staff of well-trained technicians professional. Proper treatments are ex- • affiliated with a professional pest man- Ryan Davis pensive, time consuming, and require your agement association Arthropod Diagnostician commitment. [email protected] • licensed and insured 435-797-2435 If you find a suspected bed bug, have it identified. There are many look-alikes, as To help facilitate successful elimination Marion Murray well as closely related species that should of bed bugs and to prevent reintroduc- IPM Project Leader be treated in a different manner than bed tion, you should plan to supplement the Editor, Utah Pests News bugs—most notably western bat bugs professional treatment with the following [email protected] tactics: 435-797-0776 (Cimex pilosellus). Once identified, begin looking for a pest control company; do • vacuum frequently and remove bag or Cory Vorel not try eliminating bed bugs on your own. empty canister regularly as vacuums USU CAPS Coordinator You will not succeed. can distribute bed bugs [email protected] 801-388-5433 • purchase bed-bug proof mattress and You should obtain at least three bids to box spring covers determine the pest control professional that works for you. Do not be swayed • use hot water to launder clothes and by the cheapest bid. Eliminating bed bugs linens is intensive, expensive, and takes trained, • minimize clutter experienced professionals to get the job done properly. As a homeowner, business owner, land- lord, facilities manager, etc., it is important Do your homework before selecting a to have realistic expectations concerning pest control company and ask questions. bed bug management. Unless you employ The company you select should provide whole-structure fumigation, treatment Utah Plant Pest a well thought-out management plan, but for bed bugs will be rigorous, involv- Diagnostic Lab should not claim to eliminate bed bugs ing multiple, thorough inspections and BNR Room 203 100% (unless they use whole-structure insecticidal treatments, cooperation and Utah State University fumigation). Other characteristics of a understanding, the use of supplemental 5305 Old Main Hill successful pest control company include: integrated pest management tactics, and Logan, UT 84322 • proven track record for bed bug tolerance for the bugs while the program UTAH PESTS News removal is implemented. is published quarterly. • educates clients on bed bugs and the To subscribe, click here. For an in-depth discussion of bed bug treatment process history, biology, control tactics and more, All images © UTAH PESTS and USU • informs client of responsibilities up- please see the updated Bed Bug fact Extension unless otherwise credited front, which should include washing sheet, or contact Ryan Davis at the Utah utahpests.usu.edu and bagging clothes and linens, and Plant Pest Diagnostic Lab (ryan.davis@ emptying drawers and closets usu.edu). • treats and inspects a minimum of two times, and possibly more than three -Ryan Davis, Arthropod Diagnostician • uses multiple formulations of insecti- cides (liquids, dusts, and aerosols) www.utahpests.usu.edu Utah Pests News - Winter 2010 - page 2 EntomOLOgy nEWS AnD InfORmation Turfgrass Insect Pests of Utah There are a number of insects that can cause aesthetic When mature, white grub species and economic loss to turfgrass in Utah’s home lawns and range in length from 3/8 to 2 Cultural Practices to Prevent Turf Insect recreational and athletic fields. White grubs and subterranean inches and form a C-shape when Problems: sod webworm (aka the cranberry girdler) are the most at rest. Grubs bear three obvious destructive, while billbugs and sod webworms are the most pairs of legs near their head common. end. Their life cycle length varies • apply fertilizer in the from several generations per proper amounts and at the right time WHITE GRUBS year (black turfgrass Ataenius) to one per year (masked chafer) to • irrigate deeply and infrequently one every three years (May/June • mow grass at a height beetle). of 1.5 inches or higher • select a well-adapted Brown patches in grass from turf variety grub feeding injury often aren’t • amend soil with apparent until late summer in an organic matter otherwise healthy turf. Heavily • aerate and de-thatch damaged turfgrass can feel as needed spongy, pull up easily, and tear away from the chewed roots. Economic thresholds for white grubs vary due to body size and feeding intensity: 3-5 per ft2 for May/June beetle, 8-10 per ft2 for masked chafer, and 30-50 ft2 for black turfgrass Ataenius. To determine density, cut a 6 x 6 inch square, peel the sod back, and count grubs in the soil and roots. Biological control using beneficial nematodes and fungi can help maintain grub populations below economic thresholds; however, when damage is detected, insecticides may be necessary. Apply systemic insecticides (Acelepryn, Arena, and Merit) in early summer before eggs hatch to allow adequate time for plant uptake. Contact insecticides should be applied in mid summer through early fall before the grubs move deeper in the soil zone to spend the winter. Contact insecticides include broad-spectrum products such as Dylox and Sevin, and more selective or reduced-risk products such as Mach 2 and Concern. Before applying insecticides, it is critical to reduce the thatch bugguide.net layer to no more than ½ inch deep or aerate the soil to White grub larvae (top) have three obvious pairs of legs enhance chemical penetration, and to apply ½ to ¾ inches and are almost always found curled in a C-shape. May/June beetles (bottom) have just one generation every three years. of water after application to move materials into the root zone. Repeat irrigation every 4-5 days to continue chemical movement into the soil. Long-lasting clean-up of white White grubs are the immature stage of scarab beetles, and grubs often requires several years of treatment. For more primarily feed on turfgrass roots. The May/June beetle, information, see the USU white grubs fact sheet. masked chafer, and black turfgrass Ataenius are established in Utah. The Japanese beetle was introduced into the Orem BILLBUGS area in 2006, but an eradication program has currently Three to four species of billbugs occur in Utah.