• Abstract and Figures
• Public Full-text

University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Entomology Entomology 2016 THE CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF BED BUGS (CIMEX LECTULARIUS, L.) AND THE IMPACT OF A NEUROTOXIC INSECTICIDE ON PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR Sydney E. Crawley University of Kentucky, [email protected] Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/ETD.2016.499 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Crawley, Sydney E., "THE CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF BED BUGS (CIMEX LECTULARIUS, L.) AND THE IMPACT OF A NEUROTOXIC INSECTICIDE ON PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR" (2016). Theses and Dissertations--Entomology. 32. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/32 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Entomology by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of my work. I understand that I am free to register the copyright to my work. REVIEW, APPROVAL AND ACCEPTANCE The document mentioned above has been reviewed and accepted by the student’s advisor, on behalf of the advisory committee, and by the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS), on behalf of the program; we verify that this is the final, approved version of the student’s thesis including all changes required by the advisory committee. The undersigned agree to abide by the statements above. Sydney E. Crawley, Student Dr. Kenneth F. Haynes, Major Professor Dr. Charles Fox, Director of Graduate Studies THE CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF BED BUGS (CIMEX LECTULARIUS, L.) AND THE IMPACT OF A NEUROTOXIC INSECTICIDE ON PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR ____________________________________ DISSERTATION ____________________________________ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Agriculture, Food and Environment at the University of Kentucky By Sydney E. Crawley Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. Kenneth F. Haynes, Professor of Entomology Lexington, Kentucky Copyright © Sydney E. Crawley, 2016 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION THE CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF BED BUGS (CIMEX LECTULARIUS, L.) AND THE IMPACT OF A NEUROTOXIC INSECTICIDE ON PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR Following a decades-long hiatus in many nations, populations of bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) have rebounded and are thriving on a global scale posing substantial challenges for pest management professionals. Insecticide resistance to both pyrethroid and neonicotinoid compounds has been identified in many populations, leading to renewed interest in alternative control methods for management of this pest. The objectives of my dissertation research were to study various, typically cryptic, bed bug behaviors in order to improve both conventional and alternative management strategies. Novel behavioral interactions among mother and offspring were characterized. Additionally, changes in behavior and physiology after treatment with a commercial insecticide were explored. In the laboratory, the presence of female bed bugs improved foraging efficacy of first instar nymphs. There is evidence that this interaction is mediated by low-volatility pheromones deposited in the feces by adult females following feeding. This discovery may lead to an improvement in trapping methods for juvenile bed bugs. A novel behavior, egg-marking, by females was characterized. After laying an egg, females rapidly move the abdomen side to side above their egg for 8-41 seconds. Although the function of this behavior is yet to be characterized, some evidence suggests a potential form of maternal care. Finally, laboratory assays indicate numerous detrimental effects of sublethal exposure to the commercial insecticide, Temprid® SC, which could impact management practices in the field. Sublethal exposure to Temprid® SC led to decreases in egg viability, feeding efficacy, locomotion, and mating success. Other behavioral changes were more variable, such as the first and median day of egg laying. Aggregation behavior and eclosion of fifth instars, however, were not impacted by treatment. In this dissertation, I show that i) females benefit offspring by enhancing feeding efficacy of first instars, and ii) sublethal impacts of Temprid® SC affect bed bug behavior and physiology in ways that could impact current management strategies. These results demonstrate that alternative management strategies disrupting mother- offspring interactions are possible for bed bug control. Bed bug behavior, especially in response to insecticide treatment, should also be thoroughly evaluated to enhance conventional control practices for C. lectularius in the field. KEYWORDS: Cimex lectularius, bed bug, behavior, semiochemical, aggregation, sublethal effects Copyright © Sydney E. Crawley, 2016 Sydney E. Crawley__________ 12/8/2016__________________ Date THE CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF BED BUGS (CIMEX LECTULARIUS, L.) AND THE IMPACT OF A NEURTOTOXIC INSECTICIDE ON PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR By Sydney E. Crawley 2016 Kenneth F. Haynes____________ Director of Dissertation Charles W. Fox_______________ Director of Graduate Studies 12/8/2016____________________ Date I would like to dedicate this dissertation to my father, Dallas Wayne Crawley who passed away June 17, 2015, before I could celebrate this achievement with him. Thank you for taking so many of my wild softball pitches to the ankles and for believing in me. Rest peacefully. Acknowledgements I would like to begin by thanking my advisor, Dr. Kenneth F. Haynes, for allowing me to join his lab and for making me a better entomologist, and scientist. I would not have a fraction of the success I have achieved without his input and guidance. I could not have asked for a more supportive, understanding, or fair mentor. Without him, I likely would not have identified chemical ecology as an interest of mine, and thus many of my accomplishments both now and in the future can be credited to his influence and knowledge. Looking ahead, I anticipate and look forward to continued collaboration as well as friendship for years to come. I must also thank Dr. Michael F. Potter for piquing my interest in bed bugs and urban entomology. If Dr. Potter had not allowed me to accompany him to a fumigation in Louisville, Kentucky, I am not sure I would have had the inspiration to pursue a graduate career studying bed bugs. Similarly, I’d like to thank Dr. James Wagner for steering me toward a career in animal behavior. His courses at Transylvania University made learning enjoyable, and for years he has believed in my potential. I also appreciate his willingness to serve on my committee, advise me on statistics, and to travel here (often by bicycle) from another institution. I would also like to thank my other committee members, Drs. Jennifer White and David Westneat. Each of them made obscure statistical techniques seem more understandable and contributed many worthwhile ideas to projects that might otherwise have been ignored. All of their input helped make my work more interesting and robust. I would also like to thank all of the faculty members in this department because they have each given me advice (either personal or professional) at one time or another. iii I would like to express sincere gratitude to my lab members, both past and present. Mark Goodman taught me how to work with bed bugs, and was such a calming presence in our lab. Both Mark Goodman and Shelby Stamper provided technical help on many of my introductory experiments that otherwise would not have been possible. Scott Bessin has provided many laughs, in that we never understand jokes the other makes. Additionally, Scott was always willing to help with overflow when I had taken on too much to do alone. Dr. Katelyn A. Kowles was a constant source of fun and laughter, and made some of my later, tedious experiments much more enjoyable. Last, but absolutely not least, Dr. Jennifer R. Gordon. Jennifer rapidly became my best friend and I could not have finished this degree without her. Also, thank you to each graduate student who has been my friend during my tenure in the Department of Entomology. Our many hikes, races, and brewery outings provided much needed relief from the pressures of graduate school. I would especially like to thank Dr. Elizabeth Andrews for being one of my first friends here, and for encouraging me to pursue a Ph.D. I would like to take the time to thank the various connections I have made in the pest management industry that have given me networking advice, allowed me to visit infestations, or helped me attend conferences. Specifically, I would like to thank Mark Vanderwerp and Rose Pest Solutions for inviting me to present at one of their training conferences. This was a very worthwhile experience for me. Additionally, I very much appreciate each of my funding sources. Thank you to the Department of Biology for allowing me to teach Microbiology as a Teaching Assistant for so many years. Without this experience, I never would have met Dr.

Load more

  170

Copy Link