DOCSLIB.ORG

Lichens from Peary Land, North Greenland

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lichens from Peary Land, North Greenland Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 50: 3–11 (2013) http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/fce.2013.50.02 Lichens from Peary Land, North Greenland Eric Steen Hansen Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Herbarium, Botanical Garden, Øster Farimagsgade 2 C, DK-1123 Copenhagen K, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: A total of 81 taxa of lichens are reported from Peary Land and adjacent areas in North Greenland. Six taxa are new to Peary Land. INTRODUCTION The exploration of the lichen flora of the norther- Johnsen, E. Knuth, K. Ellitsgaard Rasmussen most arctic land area in the world, Peary Land, and J. Troelsen. Holmen spent four summers does not date far back in time. The Swedish and one winter in Peary Land. I wish to dedicate botanist, Thorild Wulff collected 64 lichen taxa the present paper to my former teacher in gla- in this region in June 1917 during ”The Second ciology, Børge Fristrup, and my former teacher Thule Expedition”. He died from exhaustion du- in bryology and arctic botany, Kjeld Holmen. ring the sledge-journey, but his collections were Apart from an incomplete list of lichens without saved (Lynge, 1923). ”The Danish Peary Land precise indication of localities (Dietz & Andersen, Expedition 1947–50” was the next expedition to 1984), this important lichen material from the visit the region. An extensive material of lichens middle of the 19th century has remained un- were collected by B. Fristrup, K. Holmen, P. published until now. The vascular plants and Fig. 1. Location of the two investigation areas in North Greenland. 4 Folia Cryptog. Estonica the mosses of Peary Land were published by accumulation of snow, while steppe-like areas Holmen (1957, 1960). The author collected 88 with Kobresia myosuroides, Carex rupestris taxa of lichens at Jørgen Brønlund Fjord in June and Carex nardina are most commonly found and July 1988 (Hansen, 1995a & b). In July and on dry soil with a thin layer of snow during August 2007 he collected 165 taxa of lichens in winter. Saxifraga oppositifolia occurs in many Johannes V. Jensen Land at the north coast of types of communities and is common even on Greenland (Hansen, 2009). The British physi- bare soil (Holmen, 1957). Lichens occur more cian, R. Corner, visited northern Peary Land in or less abundantly in these plant communities June and July 1995 and collected 41 species and in meadows as well. The rocks and erratic of lichens (Hansen, 2008). Some rare species boulders support a characteristic epilithic lichen have recently been reported from Peary Land, vegetation with Umbilicarias, Xanthorias etc. for example, Cladonia libifera Savicz (Hansen Nitrophilous and calciphilous lichens are fairly & Ahti, 2011), C. galindezii Øvstedal (Hansen, well represented in Peary Land (Hansen, 1995). 2013) and Buellia mogensenii E.S. Hansen & Tønsberg (Hansen, 2012). Bay (1992) has out-out- MATERIAL AND METHODS lined the previous botanical work in Peary Land with particular emphasis on the vascular plants. The lichen material consists of 200 specimens and has mainly been collected in the period Geology and climate 1947–1949 at numerous localities in Peary Peary Land is located in northernmost Green- Land. The coordinates of the localities are land (Fig. 1). It is part of the Greenland National given in the list of species. The greater part of Park in northern and eastern Greenland and the material has been collected by K. Holmen, is composed entirely of Palaeozoic sedimentary but B. Fristrup, P. Johnsen, E. Knuth, K. El- rocks such as sandstone, limestone, dolomite litsgaard Rasmussen and J. Troelsen have also and slate (Peel & Sønderholm, 1991). These contributed with collections. A few specimens rocks are intruded by basaltic rocks. The land- have been collected in Kronprins Christian Land scape in the southern part of Peary Land con- (Station Nord). The whole material was studied sists of extensive mountain plateaus reaching with Zeiss light microscopes and identified by up to 1000 m a.s.l. intersected by wide valleys. the author. It is deposited at the Botanical Mu- In most places the soil is neutral to alkaline with seum, University of Copenhagen (C). pH values between 6 and 8 (Holmen, 1957). Soil polygons and tussucks with specific lichen zones RESULTS are common, where much snow is deposited during winter. List of species Apart from the coastal area Peary land has a Abbreviations and symbols: * – the taxon is new high arctic, continental climate (Jensen, 1999). to the lichen flora of Peary Land; collectors: BF The mean temperature is above 0 °C in the three – B. Fristrup, KH – K. Holmen, PJ – P. Johnsen, summer months, June, July and August (Bay, EK – E. Knuth, KER – K. Ellitsgaard Rasmussen, 1992; Hansen, 1995a). The mean temperature JT – J. Troelsen. Nomenclature follows Santes- of July is c. 5 °C, while the mean temperature son et al. (2004). A detailed map of the visited of the coldest months often reaches below -30 localities can be found in Holmen (1957). °C. The annual number of hours with sunshine is about 2000. The annual precipitation is ex- ARCTOCETRARIA NIGRICASCENS (Nyl.) Kärnefelt tremely low, up to c. 100 mm, only. Most of it & Thell – Herlufsholm Strand, 82°40'N, falls as snow, even during summer. About 60 21°30'W, alt. 75 m, on stony soil at river days are without frost. bed, together with Cetraria islandica, 12.05. Peary Land is a true polar desert with ex- & 14.05.1949, leg. KH. tensive totally bare areas and fell-fields with ASPICILIA CONTORTA (Hoffm.) Kremp. – Falkefjeld, scattered lichen vegetation. The vegetation of 82°11'N, 28°00'W, alt. 130 m, on manured, higher plants is restricted to the surroundings of siliceous rock, 26.04.1949, leg. KH. watercourses and snow-patches. Heath patches BRODOA OROARCTICA (Krog) Goward – Herlufsholm with Cassiope tetragona occur in areas with Strand, 82°40'N, 21°30'W, alt. 75 m, on 5 boulder on stony plain, together with Bryoria CETRARIA ISLANDICA (L.) Ach. – Herlufsholm chalybeiformis and Pseudephebe minuscula, Strand, 82°40'N, 21°30'W, alt. 75 m, on soil 13.05. & 14.05.1949, leg. KH; Kap Isak in fell-fields, 12.05. & 14.05.1949, leg. KH. Glückstadt, 82°58'N, 23°15'W, alt. 160 m, on CETRARIA MURICATA (Ach.) Eckfeldt – Herlufsholm siliceous stone on plain, 23.05.1949, leg. JT. Strand, 82°40'N, 21°30'W, alt. 75 m, on soil BRYOCAULON DIVERGENS (Ach.) Kärnefelt – Her- in stony fell-field, together withFlavocetraria lufsholm Strand, 82°40'N, 21°30'W, alt. cucullata, 14.05.1949, leg. KH. 75 m, on soil and mosses, together with CETRARIELLA DELISEI (Bory ex Schaer.) Kärnefelt Cetraria islandica, Dactylina ramulosa, Per- & Thell – Saxifragadal, 81°51'N, 31°15'W, tusaria coriacea and Thamnolia vermicularis, on soil, 29.10.1948, leg. KH; Herlufsholm 12.05.1949, leg. KH. Strand, 82°40'N, 21°30'W, alt. 75 m, on soil BRYORIA CHALYBEIFORMIS (L.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. at stony river bed, together with Dactylina – Kap Glacier, 81°48'N, 31°45'W, alt. 100 ramulosa, 12.05. & 14.05.1949, leg. KH. m, on soil in fell-field, 7.06.1949, leg. KH; CLADONIA BOREALIS S. Stenroos – Kap Glacier, Blomsterstranden, 82°04'N, 31°00'W, alt. 25 81°48'N, 31°45'W, alt. 1 m, among mosses m, on soil in fell-field, together withGowar - in meadow, together with Psoroma tenue, dia nigricans, 20.05.1949, leg. KH; Jørgen 07.06.1949, leg. KH; Saxifragadal, 81°51'N, Brønlund Fjord, 82°10'N, 31°00'W, alt. 1000 31°15'W, alt. 150 m, on soil, 07.06.1949, m, on soil in stone field, 27.06.1949, leg. leg. KH. BF; Herlufsholm Strand, 82°40'N, 21°30'W, * CLADONIA MACROCERAS (Delise) Hav. – Head of on boulder, 13.05.1949, leg. KH & on soil Hellefiskefjord, 82°45'N, 23°00'W, alt. 250 in fell-field, together with Gowardia nigri- m, among mosses on soil, 28.05.1949, leg. cans, 14.05.1949, leg. KH; Head of Helle- JT. – C. macroceras belongs to the Cladonia fiskefjord, 82°45'N, 23°00'N, alt. 250 m, on gracilis group. It is relatively common in soil, together with Thamnolia vermicularis, Greenland, where it has a preference for 28.05.1949, leg. JT. areas with neutral to alkaline soils (Ahti, BUELLIA PAPILLATA (Sommerf.) Tuck. – Blomster- 1980; Hansen, 1982). stranden, 82°04'N, 31°00'W, alt. 25 m, on CLADONIA POCILLUM (Ach.) Grognot – Saxifragadal, plant remains and mosses in fell-field, to- 81°51'N, 31°15'W, on soil rich in humus, gether with Rinodina turfacea, 20.05.1949, 29.10.1948, leg. KH; Blomsterstranden, leg. KH; 82°07'N, 31°15'W, alt. 250 m, on 82°04'N, 31°00'W, alt. 25 m, on soil in fell- soil at river bed, 05.06.1951, leg. KH. field, 20.05.1949, leg. KH; Jørgen Brønlund CALOPLACA TIROLIENSIS Zahlbr. – Saxifragadal, Fjord, 82°10'N, 31°00'W, alt. 460 m, on soil 81°51'N, 31°15'W, on plant remains, to- in fell-field, together with Physconia mus- gether with Lecanora epibryon, 29.10.1948, cigena, 8.07.1949, leg. KH; Kap Vårbrud, leg. KH; Koralkysten, 82°15'N, 29°30'W, alt. 82°18'N, 22°30'W, alt. 10 m, on soil rich in 20 m, on mosses on gravelly coastal plain, humus, together with Physconia muscigena, together with Lecanora epibryon and Physco- 04.05.1949, leg. KH; Herlufsholm Strand, nia muscigena, 25.04.1949, leg. KH. 82°40'N, 21°30'W, alt. 20 m, on soil in CANDELARIELLA CANADENSIS H. Magn.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Geology of Greenland Bulletin 185, 67-93
    Sedimentary basins concealed by Acknowledgements volcanic rocks The map sheet was compiled by J.C. Escher (onshore) In two areas, one off East Greenland between latitudes and T.C.R. Pulvertaft (offshore), with final compilation 72° and 75°N and the other between 68° and 73°N off and legend design by J.C. Escher (see also map sheet West Greenland, there are extensive Tertiary volcanic legend). In addition to the authors’ contributions to the rocks which are known in places to overlie thick sedi- text (see Preface), drafts for parts of various sections mentary successions. It is difficult on the basis of exist- were provided by: L. Melchior Larsen (Gardar in South ing seismic data to learn much about these underlying Greenland, Tertiary volcanism of East and West Green- sediments, but extrapolation from neighbouring onshore land); G. Dam (Cretaceous–Tertiary sediments of cen- areas suggests that oil source rocks are present. tral West Greenland); M. Larsen (Cretaceous–Tertiary Seismic data acquired west of Disko in 1995 have sediments in southern East Greenland); J.C. Escher (map revealed an extensive direct hydrocarbon indicator in of dykes); S. Funder (Quaternary geology); N. Reeh the form of a ‘bright spot’ with a strong AVO (Amplitute (glaciology); B. Thomassen (mineral deposits); F.G. Versus Offset) anomaly, which occurs in the sediments Christiansen (petroleum potential). Valuable comments above the basalts in this area. If hydrocarbons are indeed and suggestions from other colleagues at the Survey are present here, they could either have been generated gratefully acknowledged. below the basalts and have migrated through the frac- Finally, the bulletin benefitted from thorough reviews tured lavas into their present position (Skaarup & by John Korstgård and Hans P.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin 173, 1997, 1-37
    G E O L O G Y O F G R E E N L A N D S U R V E Y B U L L E T I N 1 7 3 · 1 9 9 7 Cambrian shelf stratigraphy of North Greenland Jon R. Ineson and John S. Peel GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DENMARK AND GREENLAND MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin 173 Keywords Franklinian Basin, North Greenland, shelf setting, Cambrian, lithostratigraphy, platform carbonates, outer shelf carbonates and siliciclastics Cover Lower – Middle Cambrian strata near the head of Nordenskiöld Fjord, north of Jungersen Gletscher, Freuchen Land. Reddish sandstones and succeeding, scree-covered mudstones of the Buen Formation (at glacier level) are conformably overlain by proximal slope-outer shelf carbonates and siliciclastics of the Brønlund Fjord Group. This area has proved critical in the correlation from Cambrian platform interior and platform margin strata to the equivalent slope and outer shelf carbonates and siliciclastics. Exposed Brønlund Fjord Group section is c. 300 m thick. Photo: Jakob Lautrup Jon R. Ineson, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Thoravej 8, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark John S. Peel, Department of Historical Geology & Palaeontology, Institute of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 22, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden Chief editor of this series: Peter R. Dawes Scientific editor: W. Stuart Watt Editorial secretary: Esben W. Glendal Critical readers: Tim de Freitas (Canada) and Loren E. Babcock (USA) Drawing work: Bente Thomas and others Photographic work: Jakob Lautrup Reproduction and graphic production: Knud Graphic Consult, Odense Manuscript submitted: 5th May, 1995 Final version approved: 9th August, 1996 Printed: 29th April, 1997 ISBN 87-7871-013-8 ISSN 1397-1905 Citation of the name of this series: It is recommended that the name of this series is cited in full, viz.
    [Show full text]
  • ARCTIC RIFT COPPER Part of World’S Newest Metallogenic Province: Kiffaanngissuseq
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346029727 ARCTIC RIFT COPPER Part of world’s newest metallogenic province: Kiffaanngissuseq Technical Report · November 2020 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.18610.84161 CITATIONS 0 2 authors, including: Jonathan Bell Curtin University 17 PUBLICATIONS 13 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Greenland View project Mineral asset valuation and pricing View project All content following this page was uploaded by Jonathan Bell on 20 November 2020. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. ARCTIC RIFT COPPER Part of world’s newest metallogenic province: Kiffaanngissuseq Technical Assessment Report Greenfields Exploration Ltd November 2020 This report presents a holistic view of north eastern Greenland’s geology. The empirical evidence of mineralisation and geological record are tied in with mineral system components from global through to prospect scales. The source rocks, geodynamic triggers, pathways, and deposition sites are all identified within a preserved terrane. This work defines the Kiffaanngissuseq metallogenic province, a previously undescribed mineral system. For the first time, we identify a c. 1,250 Ma orogenic event in the basement as the geodynamic trigger related to the basalt- hosted native copper within the Arctic Rift Copper project. A c. 385 Ma fluid migration is identified as the trigger for a second copper-sulphide mineralising event expressed within the project, that also emplaced a distal zinc deposit within Kiffaanngissuseq. This multi-episodal mineral system is supported by a regional geochemical and hydrodynamic framework that is not articulated elsewhere.
    [Show full text]
  • No. Name of Locality Delimitation Description of Site Disturbing Acti- Visitors Vities 1 Offrey Ø – Hall’S the Coast from Approx
    Regulation of Regulation of No. Name of locality Delimitation Description of site disturbing acti- visitors vities 1 Offrey Ø – Hall’s The coast from approx. 81°15’N to The area has very important Paleoinuit Admission only Only 20 visitors grave, Hall Land the South including Offrey Ø and sites at Solbakken as well as a memorial with NKA at a time a few to the North including Hall’s grave (Hall’s grave) for an American approved guide times in a year at 81°38’N expedition 2 Frigg Fjord, The area between the two rivers on Adam C. Knuth Site is the largest Admission only Only 20 visitors Johannes V Jensen each side of Adam C. Knuth Site Independence I site at Johannes V. Jensen with NKA at a time a few Land and 1,3 km into land Land. Nearby is a small Greenlandic approved guide times in a year Dorset Site and two whale sculls 3 Kølnæs – Kap Eiler The coast from Kølnæs to Kap By Kølnæs are some settlements from the Admission only Only 20 visitors Rasmussen, Peary Eiler Rasmussen by 82°35’45”N Thule Culture, where the world’s oldest with NKA at a time a few Land 83°32’40”N and 1 km from the umiaq from the 1460’ies was found. approved guide times in a year coast except from the part to the Barely 2 km from the coast a small very North where a narrow strip Paleoinuit site is situated on a beach cuts into the land terrace.
    [Show full text]
  • Descriptive Text to the 1995 Geological Map of Greenland, 1:2 500 000
    GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DENMARK AND GREENLAND BULLETIN 18 2009 Greenland from Archaean to Quaternary Descriptive text to the 1995 Geological map of Greenland, 1:2 500 000. 2nd edition Niels Henriksen, A.K. Higgins, Feiko Kalsbeek and T. Christopher R. Pulvertaft GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DENMARK AND GREENLAND MINISTRY OF CLIMATE AND ENERGY Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 18 Keywords Archaean, Caledonides, Cenozoic, economic geology, geological map, Greenland, ice sheet, Mesozoic, offshore, orogenic belts, Palaeozoic, petroleum, Phanerozoic, Proterozoic, sedimentary basins. Cover illustration The cover design depicts mountains of the East Greenland Caledonian fold belt. The view, west of Mestersvig (located on map, page 4), is north over Bersærkerbræ and the northern part of the Stauning Alper to Kong Oscar Fjord with Traill Ø in the right backgro- und. The mountains up to 1800 m high are of the Neoproterozoic Eleonore Bay Supergroup. To the right: first author Niels Henriksen, for many years head of geological mapping at GGU/GEUS, and participant in field work in Greenland for more than 45 years. Frontispiece: facing page Major Caledonian syncline involving reactivated Archaean basement gneisses containing amphibolite bands. Overlying rusty coloured Mesoproterozoic metasediments (Krummedal supracrustal sequence) just visible in tight core of the fold. The intensity of deformation in the syncline clearly increases towards the core, where the basement gneisses become more strongly foliated. Some of the amphibolite bands were derived from cross-cutting basic intrusions, which are still discernable in the less severely deformed parts of the Archaean basement (Fig. 17, p. 31). The height of the section is c. 2000 m.
    [Show full text]
  • Crossing North Peary Land in Summer 1953
    CROSSING NORTHPEARY LAND IN SUMMER 1953 E. J. Friinkl* oRmPeary Land, the most northerly part of Greenland, is a large penin- sula bounded on the east and north by the Arctic Ocean, and on the Nsouth by Frederick E. HydeFjord andits western prolongation, a deep valleyleading toHarder Fjord. It is crossed from east to west bya mountainrange, 60 to 70 km.wide, which contains alpine peaks 6,300 feet high. The valleys aremainly occupied by glaciers, butthere arelarge ice-free areas on the north coast and the shores of Frederick E. Hyde Fjord. Since 1900, when Peary journeyed along the north coast of Peary Land anddiscovered Kap Morris Jesup, the area has been visited by several explorersand scientists. J. P. Kochreached the east coast of northPeary Land in 1907, and in 1909 MacMillan and Borup visited Kap Morris Jesup. In 1921 Lauge Koch led the Danish Jubilee expedition round the north coast, makingscientific observations from which a geological map of Peary Land was drawn.Since then Danish expeditions to' east andnorth Greenland have beenfrequent, and a program of mappingand geological surveying has been carried out.This was continued by the Danish East Greenland expedition 1953, under the leadership of Lauge Koch, which was composed ofgeologists workingin east Greenlandfrom the base on Ella (3, 73"N., who included J. Haller, studying the Caledonian metamorphics at the edge of the ice cap; E. Wenk and P. Bearth, mapping plutonic centres in Scoresby Land; H. Butler, continuing his studies of theDevonian, and M. Sommer working inLyells Land. In addition two groups of geologists worked in north Greenland from the base at Centrums@, 80"N.
    [Show full text]
  • Arkæologisk/Kulturhistorisk Bidrag Til ”Zone-Inddeling Af Nationalparken”
    Nunatta Katersugaasivia Allagaateqarfialu Greenland National Museum and Archives P.O. Boks 145; 3900 – Nuuk; Grønland/Greenland. Tlf.: +(299) 322611; Fax: (+299) 322622 e-mail: [email protected] ; home page: www.natmus.gl 29. december 2009 Arkæologisk/kulturhistorisk bidrag til ”Zone-inddeling af Nationalparken” Revideret Version, dec 2009. NKA = Nunatta Katersugaasivia Allagaateqarfialu / Grønlands Nationalmuseum og Arkiv. Hermed fremsendes oversigt over de områder, som Grønlands Nationalmuseum og Arkiv anser for særligt beskyttelsesværdige. Arkæologiske lokaliteter i Nord- og Nordøstgrønland Særkendet ved Nationalparken er, at lovgivningen både beskytter hele den synlige forhistorie og de kultur- og naturlandskaber, som er skabt gennem årtusinder. I takt med forbedrede transport- og sikkerhedsteknologier vil interessen for at besøge fjerne, eksotiske områder stige. Det betyder, at der må tages særlige forhold i brug for at beskytte dette unikke, arktiske kulturlandskab. Kulturminder I betragtning af Grønlands størrelse er der kun få kulturminder; den begrænsede mængde er et produkt af en kort historie (4.400 år), de nomadiske livsformer og få personer i hver kulturperiode. I de eskimoiske kulturer er der generelt fokus på de samme ressourcer: sæl, hval, rensdyr, moskusokse og fugle og visse lokalitetstyper som polynia-områder, der ofte rummer særlige bopladser, som skal sikres, fordi de har stort forskningspotentiale, stort formidlingspotentiale og lign. Mange forskellige parametre medgår derfor ved udskillelsen af særligt sårbare områder I Nationalparken stiger mængden af fortidsminder fra Nord til Syd. Det store skift sker omkring 77°N (nordlige Germania Land). Nord for denne bredde-grad er de fleste kulturminder stærkt eksponerede, fordi der næsten ingen jordpålejring har været gennem 4.400 år - udover flyvesand.
    [Show full text]
  • Palaeoeskimo Dwellings in Greenland: a Survey Les Habitations Paléoesquimaudes Du Groenland: Une Synthèse Claus Andreasen
    Document généré le 29 sept. 2021 01:04 Études/Inuit/Studies Palaeoeskimo dwellings in Greenland: A survey Les habitations paléoesquimaudes du Groenland: une synthèse Claus Andreasen Architecture paléoesquimaude Résumé de l'article Palaeoeskimo Architecture Au Groenland, les habitations paléoesquimaudes sont principalement Volume 27, numéro 1-2, 2003 concentrées au nord et au nord-est de l'île. On en retrouve quelques-unes au sud-est, à l'ouest (de Nuuk à la baie de Disko) et au nord-ouest (Inglefield Land URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/010805ar et Washington Land). Durant l'ensemble de la période du Paléoesquimau, on DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/010805ar remarque la présence d'aménagements axiaux dans les habitations. Au Paléoesquimau ancien (Saqqaquien et Indépendancien I), le foyer, en forme de boîte, se situe à l'intérieur de deux rangées parallèles faites de dalles ou de Aller au sommaire du numéro blocs. Les pierres pour la cuisson et/ou l'ébullition sont courantes durant le Saqqaquien puis se rarifient au Dorsétien. Au cours du Saqqaquien récent, on observe un changement dans le style des habitations avec l'intégration de Éditeur(s) plateformes de couchage, tel qu'illustré dans la région de Disko Bay. Durant l'Indépendancien II, les bordures externes de l'aménagement axial s'étendent Association Inuksiutiit Katimajiit Inc. souvent vers le devant de l'habitation et peuvent avoir des “ailes” à une ou aux deux extrémités. Le Dorsétien ancien n'est recensé qu'au nord-ouest du ISSN Groenland où on a répertorié, dans la région d'Inglefield Land, au moins 0701-1008 (imprimé) quatre types d'habitations dont certaines plus substantielles comportaient un 1708-5268 (numérique) aménagement axial bien défini.
    [Show full text]
  • Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 179, 1998
    Structural geology The pattern of deposition within the Franklinian Basin the inner reaches of Frederick E. Hyde Fjord, would during Early Palaeozoic time was dominated by the have originated near the mouth of the fjord. This thrust facies boundary of which the latest stage is termed the fault deformation is interpreted as a foreland deforma- Navarana Fjord Escarpment. This tectonostratigraphic tion related to the Caledonian succession of sinistral lineament (also called the Navarana Fjord Lineament, transport events along an E–W-trending megashear e.g. Higgins et al. 1991a; Soper & Higgins 1991) was situated at the northern margin of the Franklinian Basin probably controlled by a deep-seated structure that (Håkansson & Pedersen 1982; Pedersen 1986). was active from late Proterozoic until late Silurian time The spectacular juxtaposition of the Cambrian and (Surlyk 1991). Silurian strata exposed in the north-eastern part of the Superimposed upon this regional pattern of depo- Citronen Fjord area (Figs 1, 5), which is assumed to be sition were two periods of Palaeozoic tectonism, the due to low-angle thrusting, is thought most likely to Caledonian in latest Silurian to Devonian time, and have originated from this early Caledonian thrust-fault the Ellesmerian in Devonian to Carboniferous time. In deformation. addition, there are two dislocations of regional extent that have played an important role in the geological evolution of the Citronen Fjord area, viz. the E–W-trend- ing Harder Fjord Fault Zone (HFFZ) and the NW–SE- Ellesmerian Orogeny trending Trolle Land Fault Zone (TLFZ) that intersect In northern Greenland, the Ellesmerian Orogeny caused the inferred Navarana Fjord Escarpment in the general north-to-south compression during late Devonian to region of Citronen Fjord (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • The Early Palaeoeskimo Period in the Eastern Arctic and the Labrador Early Pre-Dorset Period: a Reassessment
    MASTER OF ARTS McMaster University (ANTHROPOLOGY) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: The Early Palaeoeskimo Period in the Eastern Arctic and the Labrador Early Pre-Dorset period: a reassessment. AUTHOR: Karen Ryan SUPERVISOR: Dr. Peter Ramsden NUMBER OF PAGES: 121 II McMf,STER U['\iVEHSITY LIBRARY ABSTRACT By the end of the 1960s research in the Eastern North American Arctic had defined a single widespread Early Palaeoeskimo culture, dubbed Pre-Dorset since it preceded Late Palaeoeskimo Dorset culture. Subsequent investigations in Greenland resulted in the recognition of two other occupations, Independence I and Saqqaq, that, while different, were considered part of the Pre-Dorset manifestation. However, in the mid-1970s it was proposed that Independence I and Pre-Dorset should be considered culturally and temporally distinct. This classification system clearly divided the period and did not allow for interactions between the groups. While this proposal was initially questioned, it has come to dominate interpretation of the Early Palaeoeskimo period. At the same time as this framework was being promoted, a small number of Early Pre-Dorset sites were excavated in Labrador. Classified as Pre-Dorset, these sites nonetheless exhibited Independence I and Saqqaq influences. The reasons for this could not be fully explained, though a relationship between Labrador and the High Arctic was proposed. This thesis reevaluates the place of Labrador Early Pre-Dorset within the sphere of the Eastern Arctic following upon almost thirty years of archaeological work, both in Labrador and elsewhere in the Eastern Arctic. Recent evidence suggests that researchers must rethink their view of the Early Palaeoeskimo period and the vision of Independence I and Saqqaq relations.
    [Show full text]
  • A Reconnaissance of the Quaternary Geology of Eastern North Greenland
    Rapp. Grønlands geol. Unders. 99, 99-105 (1980) A RECONNAISSANCE OF TRE QUATERNARY GEOLOGY OF EASTERN NORTR GREENLAND Svend Funder and Christian Hjort The aim of the field work in 1979 was to provide a stratigraphic frarnework which, together with later air-photo interpretation, will make possibIe the drawing of a 1:500 000 Quaternary map of the area. We concentrated our work on localizing and dating the outer limit of maximum ice cover, and on determining when glaciation started, and at what time the present distribution of ice was achieved. However, much work was also done on the pattern of isostatic readjustment and, in easternmost Peary Land, investigations were made on a c. 100 m thick sedimentary sequence of pre-Holocene age at Kap København. Figure 43 shows the area and place names mentioned in the text below. Earlier studies The study of Quaternary geology in this region was initiated by Lauge Koch during the Second Thule Expedition 1916-18 and the Bicentenary Jubilee Expedition 1921 (Koch, 1928). Quaternary studies were also made during the Danish Peary Land Expedition 1947-50 (Troelsen, 1952; Laursen, 1954), during a series of American air reconnaissances in the 1950s (Davies, 1961; Krinsley, 1961), and later by geologists working with GGU (Dawes, 1970; Christie, 1975; Weidick, 1976a, 1977, 1978). Pollen diagrams from the interiorpart of Independence Fjord were published by Fredskild (1969, 1973). Glaciation and deglaciation From the observations he made during his sledge journey Koch (1928) concluded that the ice age glaciation in the region comprised two elements: (1) an extension of the Inland Ice, which then filled Independence Fjord and reached into southern Peary Land, and (2) a dynarnie independent ice cap covering northern Peary Land and Johannes V.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, Vol. 20/3 Pp. 197-239
    THE NORTH GREENLAND FOLD BELT AND ENVIRONS PETER ROBERT DAWES DAWES, P. R.: The North Greenland fold belt and environs. Bull. geol. Soc. Denmark, vol. 20, pp. 197-239- Copenhagen, January, 6th, 1971. A review of our present knowledge of the North Greenland fold belt and environs is presented. Precambrian crystalline basement, which is exposed at places adja- cent to the Inland Ice and can be expected to form larger areas now covered by its northern extremity, is overlain with marked angular unconformity by a Proterozoic to Lower Palaeozoic sedimentary pile. These sediments dip gently northwards forming a platform and hinter- land to the North Greenland fold belt which occupies the extreme northern part of Greenland as a roughly E-W zone of deformation and metamorphism. In Peary Land, where the widest part of the zone occurs, the effects of deformation and metamorphism increase north- wards towards the assumed centre of the erogenic belt. In eastern Peary Land, the folded Lower Palaeozoic sediments are unconformably overlain by strata of. Pennsylvanian, Permian, Triassic and Cretaceous- Tertiary age. This sequence has been affected by Tertiary earth move- ments. Field evidence in Greenland, together with evidence from the Innuitian orogenic system in Arctic Canada, suggests that the main Palaeozoic diastrophism affected the sediments of 'the Greenland part of the Franklinian geosyncline between Late Silurian and Late De- vonian time. Field work since 1965 on both the.folded and platform rocks of the fold belt has led to a reinterpretation
    [Show full text]