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Urban Tours Dushanbe.Pdf Urban Cultural Tours: Dushanbe Experts: Bakhriddin Isamutdinov Abdurakhmon Nazirmatov Translators: Akmal Sohibov Huseyn Gulyamov Photographer: Bakhriddin Isamutdinov Front page: Panel created with block printing method known as “Chitgary” www.tourism.tj Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, is situated in the The city is very green, boasting vines, flower gardens, centre of the Hissar valley more than 800m above sea and various types of trees including fruit trees, level. Until 1961 it was called Stalinabad. From the sycamores, maples, chestnuts, mulberry-trees, oaks, north and east it is surrounded by the foothills of the and walnuts. Precipitation occurs mainly in the winter Cities objects snowy Hissar range, whose peaks reach over 4,000m and spring, with the highest amount in March and high, and from the south it borders the Kofarnihon April. Snow does not usually settle, and if it does, it River. Situated in the largest agricultural oasis of the tends to melt within a few days. During the summer country, Dushanbe occupies the area along both season, the area has a continental-tropical climate banks of the Varzob River (called Dushanbinka within characterized by hot and dry weather. the city), which takes its waters from the snowfields Autumn is widely considered to be the best season and glaciers of the Hissar range that forms a part of of the year due to the warm, dry weather, and a the giant Pamir-Alai mountain system. In the Upper rich harvest of crops including fruit, vegetables, Varzob river basin there are around 120 glaciers of and cotton. As it is only 90 years old, Dushanbe is various sizes that create a favorable microclimate a relatively “young” capital. It cannot be compared in the mountainous valley near Dushanbe. Due to in age, history, or monuments to ancient cities like the gentle breeze caused by the proximity to the Bukhara and Samarkand. mountains, residents of the capital do not suffer that Nevertheless, archaeologists, ethnographers, and much from the heat during the hot season of the historians have recently made numerous findings in year. The Varzob River generously provides drinking Dushanbe that cast scientific dispute upon its true age. water, irrigation for adjacent gardens and fields, and These include a wedge-shaped copper axe dated to the electricity for the city’s residents. The Varzob Valley 2nd millennium B.C., an elegant and splendidly-made is also a popular place for recreation during both the gold and silver alloy earring, a bronze gilded piece of a summer and winter seasons. 2 www.tourism.tj harness in the middle of which there is an embossment Termez by the railway that was built in 1929. In 1931, of the head of the Greek god Dionysus, and a treasure the first water supply system (about 4km long) was of Sasanid silver coins. These discoveries serve as built in the city. All goods, including construction evidence that the area was already populated, and materials, were transported by camel. In 1929, that a high-level of culture, craft and town-planning Dushanbe was renamed “Stalinabad”, the name by Cities objects existed almost 2,500 years ago. which it was known for the following 32 years. The The first-known historical record of Dushanbe first hydropower station in the country was built on dates back to 1676. Dushanbe was called kasabai, the outskirts of Dushanbe, on the Varzob River. confirming its status as a town. It was favorably In 1938, the first General Development Plan was located at the crossroads of caravan routes connecting developed for the city, whose population had grown the Hissar valley with Bukhara and Samarkand, the to 170,000. According to the Plan, the Opera and Pamirs and Afghanistan. Dushanbe, translated from Ballet Theatre, Vakhsh Hotel, House of Government, Tajik as “Monday”, takes its name from a large bazaar House of Specialists and a number of other beautiful that took place in the city on this particular day. The buildings were constructed. After many decades, these establishment of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic buildings continue to decorate the capital of Tajikistan in 1929 marked the beginning of Dushanbe’s rapid against a background of snowy mountains and blue growth: the first streets were paved, and mills, soap sky. The main street in Dushanbe – Rudaki Avenue and oil factories, cotton-cleaning plants, metal- – is named in honor of the hero of Tajik literature. workingmechanical and joiner’s workshops became The avenue stretches for 12 km from north to south, operational. A film studio was opened in the same from the Varzob Valley to the railway station. A walk year, and the first documentary was produced to or a ride along the avenue will provide the chance record the arrival of the first train to Dushanbe from to see many of the capital’s sights, including its most 3 www.tourism.tj impressive architectural complexes, administrative, opened several years ago. Within its collection, the research and cultural institutions, universities, museum boasts the famous 13m long clay Nirvana theatres, hotels and restaurants. There is a Memorial statue of Buddha. Complex in the central square to honor the 1,100th The National Museum of Tajikistan opened its doors in Cities objects anniversary of the Samanid State. A monument within 2013. With both permanent and temporary collections the complex commemorates Ismoil Somoni, the on display, Tajikistan’s history, archaeology, fine arts, founder of the first Tajik state that existed during the and flora and fauna are all represented within its 9th and10th centuries. Ismoil Somoni’s uplifted right walls. A large collection of musical instruments from hand grasps a regal gold scepter that depicts an image many countries is presented in the private Gurminj of the sun with seven stars – a symbol of national unity Zavqibekov Museum of Musical Instruments. and revival in Tajikistan. Sometimes it is possible to listen to “live” national There are many department stores on Rudaki Avenue, music performed by the son of the museum’s founder including the Central Department Store (“TSUM”). or his apprentices. As people in the east used to judge towns by their One of the most remarkable buildings in the city is bazaars, several markets can be found across the city. the Sadriddin Aini State Academic Opera and Ballet Shohmansur, generally known as the Green Market, Theatre, which was opened in 1940. S. Aini was the is located in the city centre, right behind the S. Aini founder of contemporary Tajik literature, a famous Opera and Ballet Theatre. The Sultoni Kabir, Sakhovat writer, and the first President of the Academy of and Korvon markets can be found in the southern part Sciences of Tajikistan. The theatre continues to play of the city. In these bazaars, one can find a wide range host to national operas and ballets as well as classical of foodstuffs, manufactured goods and local crafts. works. The first professional theatre in the country – The National Museum of Antiquities of Tajikistan the A. Lohuti Tajik State Academic Drama Theatre – 4 www.tourism.tj is a recognized centre of Dushanbe’s cultural life. In and an anthology of poems by Saadi. Manuscripts of 1929, the first seeds of professional Tajik theater were the works of Avicenna, Alisher Navoi, Tusi, Ghazali, sown in the form of an amateur art activities hobby Bedil, Ahmad Donish and other famous writers, group inspired by the distinctive amateur and folk arts scholars and enlighteners of the Orient are also of the Tajik people. In their creative work, the Tajik carefully preserved in the collection. The foreign Cities objects artists rely on the traditions of both national art and publications collection contains about 100,000 books international theatre. in 34 languages. The library has thematic catalogues Several theatres also cater to younger generations, and several reading halls. including the children’s “Lukhtak” puppet-theatre and Founded in 1933, the Botanical Gardens of the the “M.Vohidov” Youth Theatre. Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan are located on one The National Library of Tajikistan, which blends of the back streets crossing Rudaki Avenue. More than traditional local design with modern architecture, 2,000 species of plants from all over the world grow is one of the most beautiful buildings in the capital. here, including over 600 species of rose and more This temple of human knowledge contains more than than 30 species of juniper. three million books in different languages, including Dushanbe is a member of the World Federation of an ancient oriental manuscripts collection, of which Sister Cities and maintains friendly ties with 13 sister the library takes great pride. Among its most unique cities, including Lusaka (Zambia), Sana (Yemen), and rare manuscripts are the History of Tabari (13th Klagenfurt (Austria), Boulder (USA), Monastir (Tunisia), century); one of the most impressive hand-written Lahore (Pakistan), Reutlingen (Germany), Tehran copies of Firdausi’s epic “Shohnoma” (16th century); a and Mashhad (Iran), Urumchi (China), Mazari Sharif collection of Jomi’s works “Seven Beauties”; poems of (Afghanistan), Minsk (Belarus) and Saint Petersburg Hofiz; rubai (4-line stanza poems) of Omar Khayom; (Russia). While Dushanbe’s public transportation 5 www.tourism.tj system includes buses, trolleybuses and marshrutkas (minibuses), there is no metro in the city. Dushanbe International Airport (international airport code - DYU) is within the city limits, and it only takes 10-20 Cities objects minutes to get there from the city centre by public transportation. Dushanbe grows prettier every year and always greets guests with a warm and open heart. Tulips in Botanical garden “Iram” 6 www.tourism.tj Cities objects Flagpole Monument Abuabdulloi Rudaki 7 www.tourism.tj Rudaki Park the 9th of September. A representative of Guinness World Records, David Chambers, attended the Covering an area of 8 hectares, City Garden “Bogi solemn ceremony on the opening day and presented Rudaki” (Rudaki Park) is located in the Ismail Somoni a certificate to the Tajik President confirming that the district of Dushanbe, stretching to the eastern side Cities objects “flagpole installed in Tajikistan, is the highest in the of the city’s main street - Rudaki Avenue.
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