Modernisation De La Lys (« Seine – Escaut » En Flandre) Et Du Haut Escaut

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Modernisation De La Lys (« Seine – Escaut » En Flandre) Et Du Haut Escaut Modernisation de la Lys (« Seine – Escaut » en Flandre) et du Haut Escaut Willem Vancrombrugge AIPCN Belgique - Séminaire SPW 18/11/2011 Modernisation de la Lys et du Haut Escaut Introduction Seine - Escaut en Flandre Haut Escaut en Flandre Introduction France: canal Seine – Nord Europe 1993-1994 : débat préalable sur l’opportunité du projet 1996-1998 : études préliminaires et concertation sur le choix d’un fuseau Flandre: choix du trajet (1995 - 1996) Flandre: étude préliminaire Gand - frontière française (1995 - 1996) « Analyse coût-efficacité des travaux d’infrastructure prévus sur la Lys et le Haut- Escaut » Analyse à critères multiples: préférence pour la Lys à la classe Vb Rentabilité Coûts externes Position de Lille Analyse coûts-bénéfices doit prouver la faisabilité économique 16,0 2,4 42,0 7,7 9,2 3,5 4 ,6 9,2 25,1 9,0 4,3 Seine-Escaut en Flandre Première étude économique Seine-Escaut 1998-1999 Points de départs Classe Vb : 185 x 11,40 x 3,50 m Classe Va : longueur 110 m Conteneurs 2 niveaux : 5,25 m 3 niveaux : 7,00 m Première étude économique Seine-Escaut 1998-1999 Comité de pilotage Membres Administration Wallonne des Voies Hydrauliques Voies Navigables de France Ports d’Anvers, Gand et Zeebrugge Administration Flamande des Voies Hydrauliques Acceptation de variantes aves sens unique pour Vb Première étude économique Seine-Escaut 1998-1999 Variantes Lys + Canal de Canal Gand - Canal Circulaire Gand (S) Haut-Escaut maritime Dérivation Bruges Canal Circulaire Gand (N+O) P1 DEUX SENS DEUX SENS INDéPENDANT DEUX INDéPENDANT DEUX DE LA MARéE SENS DE LA MARéE SENS P2 DEUX SENS DEUX SENS SUIVANT LA SENS SUIVANT LA DEUX MARéE UNIQUE MARéE SENS P3 SENS UNIQUE DEUX SENS INDéPENDANT DEUX INDéPENDANT DEUX DE LA MARéE SENS DE LA MARéE SENS P4 SENS UNIQUE DEUX SENS SUIVANT LA SENS SUIVANT LA DEUX MARéE UNIQUE MARéE SENS P5 DEUX SENS DEUX SENS SUIVANT LA SENS SUIVANT LA SENS MARéE UNIQUE MARéE UNIQ UE P6 SENS UNIQUE DEUX SENS SUIVANT LA SENS SUIVANT LA SENS MARéE UNIQUE MARéE UNIQ UE Première étude économique Seine-Escaut 1998-1999 Conclusions L’élaboration de la liaison Seine-Escaut pour convois poussés jusqu’à 4.400 tonnes (classe Vb) est un investissement rentable Variante de préférence: sens unique pour classe Vb sur la Lys La normalisation dure (classe IV) des dernières décennies nécessite néanmoins une étude de revalorisation de la vallée de la Lys Première étude économique Seine-Escaut 1998-1999 Valorisation fluviale de la Lys entre Wervicq et Deinze ObjectifObjectif :: harmonieharmonie entreentre lesles diversesdiverses fonctionsfonctions (navigation,(navigation, gestiongestion d’eaux,d’eaux, nature,nature, paysage,paysage, patrimoine,patrimoine, récréation,récréation, …)…) Directive Cadre européenne sur l’Eau (DCE, 2000) Un bon potentiel écologique / situation actuelle jalons 2015 / 2021 / 2027 Eléments de qualité pour la classification éléments chimiques et physico-chimiques (dépend du responsable du traitement de l’eau, Aquafin) éléments de qualité hydro-morphologique (dépend du responsable des voies navigables, SA Waterwegen en Zeekanaal) dynamique des cours d’eau les différences de profondeur et de largeur la structure des zones riveraines Quelques principes d’aménagement Méandres coupés: raccorder/visualiser/gestion de l’eau (stockage potentiel de 1,6 millions m³ de l’ eau)) Approche paysagère des digues et des rangées d’arbres bordant la voie d’eau Aménagement écologique de la protection des berges Mise à jour de la première étude économique RTE-T 2003 - 2004 rapport Van Miert (2003): 29 projets sur la liste 1 départ avant 2010 Seine-Escaut sur la liste 2 (Compiègne-Cambrai et Deûlémont- Gand) Décision européenne 884/2004/CE Projet n° 30: “Canal Seine-Escaut” Sections prioritaires: Améliorations en termes de navigabilité Deûlémont-Gand Compiègnes-Cambrai (= canal Seine – Nord Europe) Variante 1 Variante 2 Variante 3 Variante 4 (pas (section SNE) d’élargissement de la Lys) Tirant d’eau maximal classe IV 3,0 m 3,0 m 3,0 m 3,0 m classe Vb 4,0 m 3,5 m 3,5 m 3,0 m Profondeur 5,2 m 4,5 m 4,5 m 4,5 m Largeur à la 58,2 m 57,0 m 50,7 m 61,0 m flottaison Deuxième étude économique Seine-Escaut 2002 - 2005 Adaptation de la Lys La variante 3 est la meilleure : maintien de la largeur actuelle tirant d’eau classe Va et Vb: 3,5 m trafic à sens unique classe Vb trafic à deux sens classe Va jusqu’à un tirant d’eau de 3 m trafic à deux sens classe Vb / IV Choix définitif après l’étude stratégique des incidences (2008) Deuxième étude économique Seine-Escaut 2002 - 2005 Préparation ultérieure 2006 - 2010: 5 décisions du gouvernement flamand inscrit dans l’accord politique du gouvernement flamand 2009 – 2014 2007 - 2008: Demande de subventions européennes (+ SPW + VNF) Plan d’exécution en Flandre Propres initiatives (310 M euro) Navigation intérieure canaux de Gand à Deinze: 2009-2013 rivière Lys de Deinze jusqu’à Wervik : 2013-2016 Revalorisation de la Lys berges, connections des méandres et passes à poissons: • 2007 – 2015 (premier jalon DCE) excavation et dragage des méandres: • objectifs 2021en 2027 (deuxième et troisième jalon DCE) Autres initiatives (37 M euro) Projets d’aménagement dans la vallée de la Lys (37 millions d’euros) 2009 - 2027 Navigation intérieure en Flandre Amélioration de la navigabilité entre la frontière française/wallonne et l’accès du delta Rhin – Escaut (écluses, ponts, sections, zones de passages) 1. Construction de nouvelles écluses classe Vb Motif Dimensions écluse classe Vb (185 x 11,40 x 3,5 m) Longueur: 230,00 m Largeur: 12,50 m Seuil: 4,70 m Capacité de confort écluses existantes (horaire B, 24 heures par jour de la semaine) Harelbeke: 5,2 M tonnes/an Sint-Baafs-Vijve: 10 M tonnes/an Dimensions écluses existantes Longueur Largeur Profondeur Evergem 2 230 m 25,0 m 5,00 m Evergem 1 136 m 16,0 m 4,25 m Sint-Baafs-Vijve 136 m 16,0 m 3,50 m Harelbeke 115 m 12,5 m 3,50 m Menen 195 m 12,5 m 4,50 m Komen 185 m 12,5 m 4,50 m D&B à Harelbeke: zone entre 2 ponts 2. Ponts: 7 m hauteur libre 3. Canal Circulaire de Gand, section nord: section rectangulaire 3. Canal Circulaire de Gand, section nord: section rectangulaire 3. Canal Circulaire de Gand, section nord: section rectangulaire 3. Canal Circulaire de Gand, section nord: section rectangulaire 3. Canal Circulaire de Gand, section nord: section rectangulaire 3. Canal Circulaire de Gand, section nord: section rectangulaire 3. Section de la Lys: approfondissement avec 1 m 4. Lys et Canal de Dérivation: zones de passage Haut Escaut en Flandre Flandre: Haut - Escaut Ecluses et barrages des années 1920 Ecluses: Seuil des écluses: 2,80 m Capacité de confort est atteinte (+ 10 million de tonnes/an) Classe Vb vue la liaison vers le nord (Evergem) et la capacité souhaité Barrages Un seul pertuis (sécurité insuffisante). Usure du mécanisme Corrosion Flandre: Haut - Escaut Stratégie: reconstruction des écluses après la construction des barrages Déjà réalisé: Barrage d’Oudenaarde (2000 – 2004) Barrage d’Asper (2005 – 2010) Adjudication du barrage de Kerkhove (2011) Nouvelle situation Ecluse actuelle Ancien barrage Opwaarts Afwaarts Nouveau barrage Nouveau chenal Passe à poisson Options pour les barrages 2 pertuis de 12,5 m de largeur Débit de 325 m³/s Segment avec vanne au dessus Options pour les écluses bateau déterminant: classe Vb 2 chambres (classe IV et classe Va) dimension totale ca. 230m x 12,50m commande centralisée pour 3 écluses et pont levant d’Oudenaarde écluse existante sera comblée (la solution la plus avantageuse de l’analyse coûts- bénéfices) Situation fin 2011 analyse coûts-bénéfices: exécutée en 2010 étude d‘incidences sur l‘environnement: approbation par l’administration autorisée le 31/10/2011 étude géotechniques: terminée, exécutée par la division Géotechnique étude écluses et bâtiment du régulation central : en exécution par un bureau d’étude, finalisation prévue fin 2011 Conclusion Fin 2011 un dossier de projet complèt sera disponible pour l’écluse de Asper, Oudenaarde et Kerkhove et pour le bâtiment pour l’exploitation centrale Réalisation sur le terrain dépend des moyens budgétaires; sur le programme pluriannuel indicatif de W&Z les premiers budgets sont prévus en 2014.
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