Standard 2: CELL BIOLOGY – REVIEW OF BASICS
CELL PART OR TYPE OF CELL WHERE FOUND WHAT DOES IT FUNCTION: MISCELLANEOUS ORGANELLE Prokaryotic cell Plant cell LOOK LIKE: Job it does in INFORMATION: things Eukaryotic cell Animal cell Describe or Draw the cell such as color, what it is Both Both made of, size, etc. plasma/cell See diagram Holds cell together Phospholipid bilayer with membrane both both Regulates what goes proteins in/out of cell Semipermeable cytoplasm both Clear thick jelly- Supports/protects both like material in cell cell organelles See diagram Control center nucleus eukaryotic both Contains DNA See diagram Where proteins are ribosome both both made See diagram Process proteins Golgi complex eukaryotic both that go to other /apparatus parts of cell Membrane-bound Digests materials lysosome eukaryotic animal sac of digestive within the cell enzymes Membrane-bound Stores water, food, One large one in plants vacuole eukaryotic both storage area waste and dissolved Many smaller ones in minerals animals endoplasmic Network of Transport materials Can be rough (with reticulum eukaryotic both membrane tubes throughout the cell ribosomes attached) or smooth (without ribosomes) See diagram Where cell respiration Called Powerhouse of cell mitochondria eukaryotic both occurs (releases Makes ATP from energy for cell to use) breaking down glucose See diagram Where photosynthesis Contains chlorophyll chloroplast eukaryotic plant takes place Converts light energy into chemical energy in glucose Some pro- and plant (also fungi Rigid structure Rigid Provides Made of cellulose in cell wall some eukaryotic and some bacteria) outside of cell shape and support plants membrane Permeable plastid eukaryotic plant Stores starch and non- Pigments give fruits and green pigments flowers their color centrioles eukaryotic animal Bundles of Produces spindle microtubules fibers for cell division
AN IDEALIZED ANIMAL CELL
Source: http://eclipse.pagecounty.k12.va.us/lyoder/bioch719.jpg Source : http://bomi.ou.edu/bot1114/botany10/lab/cells/acell2.gif
PROKARYOTIC CELLS EUKARYOTIC CELLS Simple Complex No nucleus or membrane-bound organelles Contain nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (mitochondria, lysosomes, vacuoles, ER, chloroplasts, Golgi complex) Contain ribosomes Contain ribosomes
Bacteria and archaebacteria Protists, fungi, plants and animals
MITOSIS MEIOSIS Produces new cells for growth and repair Produces egg and sperm cells Only occurs in ovaries and testes Produces 2 new cells with same number of chromosomes as original Produces 4 new cells with half the chromosome number of original cell cell One cell division Two cell divisions After Meiosis: Egg + sperm = zygote/fertilized cell (with full chromosome number)
CELL CYCLE Cytokinesis G1+S+ G2 = INERPAHSE during and after Telophase
VIRUS: Considered non-living since it cannot reproduce on its own. It can only reproduce when it takes over the host cell resources and machinery
DIFFUSION OSMOSIS ACTIVE TRANSPORT Movement of molecules with the Movement of water through semi-permeable Moves materials across a membrane against concentration gradient (from higher to lower membrane with concentration gradient the concentration gradient (from lower to concentration to balance out) higher concentration like stuffing more in where there already a lot) No energy needed No energy needed Requires energy
EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS EQUATION FOR RESPIRATION carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Converts light energy into chemical bond energy in Release energy in glucose into energy that can be used by glucose the cell (ATP)