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Internet Accuracy Is Information on the Web Reliable?

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Internet Accuracy Is Information on the Web Reliable? Researcher Published by CQ Press, a division of SAGE Publications CQ www.cqresearcher.com Internet Accuracy Is information on the Web reliable? he Internet has been a huge boon for information- seekers. In addition to sites maintained by newspa- pers and other traditional news sources, there are untraditional sources ranging from videos, personal TWeb pages and blogs to postings by interest groups of all kinds — from government agencies to hate groups. But experts caution that determining the credibility of online data can be tricky, and that critical-reading skills are not being taught in most schools. In the new online age, readers no longer have the luxury of Wikipedia banned Stephen Colbert, host of Comedy Central’s “The Colbert Report,” from editing articles on the popular online site after he made joke edits. depending on a reference librarian’s expertise in finding reliable sources. Anyone can post an article, book or opinion online with I no second pair of eyes checking it for accuracy, as in traditional N publishing and journalism. Now many readers are turning to THIS REPORT S user-created sources like Wikipedia, or powerful search engines THE ISSUES ......................627 I like Google, which tally how many people previously have BACKGROUND ..................634 D CHRONOLOGY ..................635 accessed online documents and sources — a process that is E open to manipulation. CURRENT SITUATION ..........640 AT ISSUE ..........................641 OUTLOOK ........................643 CQ Researcher • Aug. 1, 2008 • www.cqresearcher.com Volume 18, Number 27 • Pages 625-648 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................646 RECIPIENT OF SOCIETY OF PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISTS AWARD FOR THE NEXT STEP ................647 EXCELLENCE N AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION SILVER GAVEL AWARD INTERNET ACCURACY CQ Researcher Aug. 1, 2008 THE ISSUES User-Driven News Sites Volume 18, Number 27 629 Use Non-News Sources MANAGING EDITOR: Thomas J. Colin • Is information on the Most stories come from blogs [email protected] 627 Internet reliable? or non-news sites. ASSISTANT MANAGING EDITOR: Kathy Koch • Is enough being done [email protected] to teach people how to Entertainment Is Most use the Web intelligently? 632 Popular Wiki Topic ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Kenneth Jost • Can collaborative media Politics and history lag far STAFF WRITERS: Thomas J. Billitteri, like wikis be made reliable? behind. Marcia Clemmitt, Peter Katel How to Evaluate Online CONTRIBUTING WRITERS: Rachel S. Cox, BACKGROUND 633 Sarah Glazer, Alan Greenblatt, Sources Barbara Mantel, Patrick Marshall, 634 Information Deluge To begin, ask basic questions. Tom Price, Jennifer Weeks Digital communication rep- DESIGN/PRODUCTION EDITOR: Olu B. Davis resents a media revolution. Chronology 635 Key events since 1990. ASSISTANT EDITOR: Darrell Dela Rosa 637 Cataloging Information Improving Your Online FACT-CHECKER/PROOFREADER: Eugene J. Gabler New ways are needed to 636 Searches evaluate online information. Google has much more to offer. Search Engines Emerge 638 In the 1990s, tools were Internet Users Evaluate created to locate online 638 Sources on Many Levels A Division of information. Credibility is no longer the SAGE Publications only factor. PRESIDENT AND PUBLISHER: John A. Jenkins CURRENT SITUATION Blog Readers are Less 640 Up-to-Date on News EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, REFERENCE INFORMATION GROUP: Who Will Pay? The least-knowledgeable Alix B. Vance 640 The news industry must audiences rely on morning develop a new model. TV shows and Fox. DIRECTOR, ONLINE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: Jennifer Q. Ryan At Issue Citizen Journalists 641 Copyright © 2008 CQ Press, a division of SAGE Pub- 642 Volunteers may be unable Should online sites like YouTube ban postings by lications. SAGE reserves all copyright and other rights to fill the information gap groups the government herein, unless previously specified in writing. No part if media organizations fail. identifies as terrorists? of this publication may be reproduced electronical- ly or otherwise, without prior written permission. Un- authorized reproduction or transmission of SAGE copy- OUTLOOK FOR FURTHER RESEARCH righted material is a violation of federal law carrying civil fines of up to $100,000. Future of Search 643 For More Information CQ Press is a registered trademark of Congressional The evolution of online 645 Organizations to contact. Quarterly Inc. searching will shape the future of information. Bibliography CQ Researcher (ISSN 1056-2036) is printed on acid- 646 Selected sources used. free paper. Published weekly, except; (March wk. 4) (May wk. 3) (July wk. 1) (July wk. 2) (Aug. wk. 2) SIDEBARS AND GRAPHICS The Next Step (Aug. wk. 3) (Nov. wk. 4) and (Dec. wk. 4), by CQ 647 Additional articles. Press, a division of SAGE Publications. Annual full- Internet Is Top Source service subscriptions start at $803. For pricing, call 1- 628 People seeking information 647 Citing CQ Researcher 800-834-9020, ext. 1906. To purchase a CQ Researcher consult the Internet the most. Sample bibliography formats. report in print or electronic format (PDF), visit www. cqpress.com or call 866-427-7737. Single reports start at $15. Bulk purchase discounts and electronic-rights licensing are also available. Periodicals postage paid at Washington, D.C., and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to CQ Research- Cover: Getty Images for Meet the Press/Alex Wong er, 2300 N St., N.W., Suite 800, Washington, DC 20037. 626 CQ Researcher Internet Accuracy BY MARCIA CLEMMITT as sophisticated-looking as the sites mounted by television THE ISSUES networks and major newspa- s Barack Obama a Mus- pers. The tidal wave of citizen- lim? The answer, un- generated content has made I equivocally, is no, he’s it much harder to ferret out a Christian who goes to the most credible sources, church regularly. But ac- which has many people cording to some Internet alarmed, including some poli- sites — especially white-su- cy makers. premacist Web sites — the For example, in May, Sen. man who could be the next Joseph I. Lieberman, I-Conn., president of the United States asked Google to remove on- not only practices Islam but line YouTube videos that he is practically a terrorist. says al Qaeda and other ter- Obama’s campaign has rorist groups post to spread fought back, launching a Web false and slanted anti-Western site — “fightthesmears.com” information. The company re- — to correct the misinfor- moved some videos but re- mation about the candidate, fused to block all videos including false claims that from certain groups, as Lieber- his campaign contributions man requested. 4 (See “At largely have come from Issue,” p. 641.) wealthy supporters in the Terrorist propaganda aside, Middle East. 1 CQ Press/Olu B. Davis “there are fewer signposts” on- Wikipedia, the phenomenally popular user-generated Obama isn’t alone, of course, online information source, has come to symbolize the line to signal reliability, such when it comes to inaccurate controversy over Internet accuracy. Supporters say wikis as newspaper brand names, information on the Internet. — along with blogs and other online postings — provide says Larry Pryor, an associate As millions of people and vast amounts of information and that factual errors are professor of journalism at the organizations around the quickly corrected by readers. Critics say wikis are prone University of Southern Califor- to manipulation, uncorrected errors and poorly written world post information on entries due to frequent, uncoordinated changes. nia’s Annenberg School for the Internet, factual mistakes Communications. are alarmingly easy to find, and they while “the democratic (and some Wikis — user-generated online pub- don’t just come from hate groups or would say preposterously anarchical)” lications — like Wikipedia are edit- “from shady, anonymous, Internet au- Web site Wikitravel got it right, ac- ed by staff and other users only after thors posing as reliable art historians,” cording to the study. 2 they’ve been published online, un- according to two historians at George In the past, a countable number of like in traditional media, where edit- Mason University in Fairfax, Va. In- sources produced most of the world’s ing comes before publication, notes deed, they say, misinformation often information, and most readers and Pryor. Furthermore, while some wiki comes from highly reputable institu- viewers took the names of top news- entries are written by experts, others tions. papers, magazines and television net- are contributed by people with no In a study of Web sites highly works as a modest guarantee that they expertise in the subject matter, and ranked in Google searches, they found would be accurate. it’s difficult or impossible for unwary an incorrect date in a biography of the But as information migrates onto the readers to tell the difference. French Impressionist painter Claude Internet and newspapers and network In a critique of Wikipedia’s 2005 entry Monet — the date he moved to Giverny, TV news outlets see their audiences on “haute couture” — high fashion — the small village west of Paris where declining, all that is changing. 3 Today Vogue magazine Editor Alexandra Shul- he painted his famous images of water the World Wide Web is a user-driven man wrote that, “broadly speaking, it’s lilies. No less an authority than the Art medium, where teenage videographers inaccurate and unclear. There are Institute of Chicago posted an erro- and political activists of all stripes can a few correct facts included, but every neous date (the correct date is 1883) post their messages, often in formats value judgment it makes is wrong.” 5 Available online: www.cqresearcher.com Aug. 1, 2008 627 INTERNET ACCURACY But are Internet users prepared to Internet Is Top Source for Answers be critical consumers of information? People seeking information on problems consult the Internet the “The flaws in Wikipedia and other most, followed by professional advisers, friends and family members. kinds of media are real” and “demon- strate how much we need to update Percentage Who Consult Specific Sources our media literacy in a digital .
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