Ko S Ovo Leaders Agree to Pact Against Vi O L E N
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
AUGUST 2000 Inside 4 KOSOVO ”A Better Life, A New Life” Vol. VI, No. 5 6 PEACE ESSAY CONTEST UN I T E D STAT E S IN S T I T U T E O F PE AC E ■ WA S H I N G TO N, DC 8 KOREA Richard Solomon meets with Kim Dae Jung 10 FELLOWSHIP PROJECTS Kos o vo Leaders Agree South Africa, Asian Financial Crisis, Sri Lanka to Pact Against Vio l e n c e 11 Father Hesburgh Receives Top Honor After three days of intensive talks, Albanian and Serb leaders from Kosovo reached an historic pact to work together to end violence in their province. fter three days of inten- sive talks, facilitated by the U.S. Institute of Peace, 40 Albanian and Serb leaders from Kosovo reached an agreement to work together to end violence in their province and to create conditions for a strong, democratic civil society. “It’s an historic moment,” said Serbian Orthodox Bishop Artemije, a joint leader of the Serb delegation and president of the Serbian National Council of America that he was happy to Department of State, was the first Above: Kosovo. He called the agreement see ethnic Albanians willing extensive face-to-face engage- Albanian lead- the first positive document to understand the problems of ment by the leaders of the two ers from reached in talks between Serbs Kosovo Serbs. He added, “and I ethnic groups since the violence Kosovo review and Albanians in 100 years. am glad that Serbs have started to of 1999. The meeting, held at the details of Hashim Thaci, a member accept the new reality in Kosovo, Airlie House in Warrenton, Va., the Albanian of the Albanian delegation who and more and more are distancing July 21–23, was organized by language agree- is a former leader of the Kosovo themselves from official Daniel Serwer, head of the ment to work Liberation Army (KLA) and now Belgrade.” Institute’s Balkans Inititative. for peaceful head of the Democratic Party of The dialogue, co-sponsored Chester A. Crocker, Institute coexistence Kosovo, told the Voice of in cooperation with the U.S. See Kosovo, page 2 with Serbs. 2 Kos o vo Continued from page 1 Peace Watch (ISSN 1080-9864) is pub- lished six times a year by the United States Institute of Peace, an independent, nonpar- tisan federal institution created by Congress to promote research, education, and train- ing on the peaceful resolution of interna- tional conflicts. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute or its board of directors. To receive Peace Watch, write to the Editor, Peace Watch, United States Institute of Peace, 1200 17th Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20036-3011. For general information call 202-457-1700, fax 202- 429-6063, e-mail: [email protected], or check our web site: www.usip.org. President: Richard H. Solomon Executive Vice President: Harriet Hentges Publications Director: Dan Snodderly Editor: Cynthia Roderick Production Manager: Marie Marr Photo Credits: Staff, AP Wide World Photos, and Bill Fitz-Patrick Board of Directors Chairman: Chester A. Crocker. Vice Chairman: Max M. Kampelman. Members: Dennis L. Bark, Stephen J. Hadley, Theodore M. Hesburgh, Zalmay Khalilzad, Seymour Martin Lipset, W. Scott Thompson, Allen Weinstein, Harriet Zimmerman. Members Ex Officio: J. Stapleton Roy, Department of State; Daniel H. Simpson, National Defense University; Walter B. Slocombe, Department of Defense; Richard H. Solomon, Institute president (nonvoting). board chair, and board member Stephen J. Hadley co-chaired the meeting, with Institute executive vice president Harriet Hentges serving as vice chair. Serwer, along with George Ward, director of the Institute’s Training Program, facilitated the dialogue, with sup- port from the U.S. Agency for International Development and World Learning. In addition to Thaci, the 26- member Albanian delegation included Ibrahim Rugova, head of the Democratic League of Kosovo. The 14-member Serb delegation included Father Sava, an aide to Bishop Artemije, 3 during sometimes difficult and Rt. Hon. Lord Robertson, emotional day and evening ses- praised the agreement: “This sions. “This was a classic facilita- commitment to reconciliation and tion, where the issues and the dis- to building a better future stands cussion and the conclusion came in stark contrast to [Serbian] from the participants,” Hentges President Milosevic’s continuing noted. efforts to promote and exploit In the “Airlie Declaration,” the ethnic division.” According to Kosovo leaders agreed to seek an Reuters, Bernard Kouchner, end to violence, identify perpetra- United Nations governor of tors, urge their communities to Kosovo, welcomed the agree- surrender illegal arms, dissolve ment, as it would give the signers and Rada Trajkovic. any illegitimate governing and impetus to work together in a The Institute has sponsored security structures, help refugees renewed spirit of cooperation. four meetings for Albanians and return, and respect the outcome John Menzies, director of the Serbs from Kosovo since the end of Kosovo’s October elections if State Department’s Office of of the war. In May, the Institute they are deemed “free and fair” by Kosovo Implementation, partnered with the U.S. Army in international observers. (The full described the meeting, which he conducting a workshop on co- text of the declaration is available attended, as both “profound” and existence in a multi-ethnic society on the Institute’s web site at “heartfelt.” He said that partici- for a mixed group of Albanian www.usip.org.) pants deserved much credit for and Serb community leaders in The campaign against violence the “tremendous courage” they the Gjilan/Gnjilane area. Last will include a “Day Against demonstrated by attending. year, the Institute facilitated a Violence,” during which Kosovo Hentges noted that meeting par- workshop for Albanians in leaders agreed to appear in public ticipants showed a “genuine Virginia and one for Serbs in to speak out against violence in appreciation of the suffering that Sofia, Bulgaria. the province on a date to be set by each community has experienced, At Airlie House, Albanian and the Kosovo Transitional Council. and that’s a very important begin- Serb leaders hashed out the terms In a NATO press release, the ning, a very important first step of the declaration word by word secretary general of NATO, the toward reconciliation.” 4 Kosovo leaders say although it is difficult for both sides, they want to put the wounds of the past to rest and end the inter-ethnic violence in Kosovo. ‘A Better Life, A New Life’ for Kos o vo hen Kosovo’s civil war began several years ago, Ba j r a m Re x h e p i , 46, an Albanian surgeon, drove into the mountains with the Kosovo Liberation Army to tend to its wounded fighters and Decani Monastery, built in the injured civilians, leaving behind Middle Ages, where during his wife and infant daughter. the war the monks sheltered During the fighting, an estimated Albanians and Serbs alike. Since 10,000 Albanians may have died being assigned to the Draganac at the hands of Serb police and Monastery in Gnjilane, he has paramilitaries, and of the Yugoslav received numerous threats against army, under the direction of his life, and he cannot leave the Serbian president Slobodan monastery without armed guards, Milosevic. Rexhepi never expected usually soldiers of NATO’s to return home alive. Today he is Kosovo Force (KFOR) stationed the mayor of the divided city of in the monastery courtyard. He became a journalist to counter the Mitrovica. Mitrovica lies in the says that since the end of the hate propaganda that is beamed northern part of Kosovo province, war last year, some 70 Serbs in into the area by state-controlled where Albanians and Serbs, Gnjilane have disappeared, and Serbian radio and television. He though no longer at war, continue more than 100 have been mur- founded a “peace” radio and TV to kill each other. dered. station that retransmits broad- And members of the two eth- Inter-ethnic violence continues casts locally from independent nic groups continue killing each to riddle the area of Leposavic, media sources internationally. He other in the Gnjilane area, in the in the far northern region of the says he has always believed in tol- east of the province, where Father province, close to the border erance and pluralism. He believed Kirilo Djurkovic, 65, a Serbian with Serbia, where Nenad in those principles before the war, Orthodox priest for most of his Radosavljevic, 39, makes his and he believes in them now. life, has been reassigned. Father home. Trained as a mechanical However, the people living Kirilo once lived in the historic engineer, Radosavljevic, a Serb, around him are not literate and 5 perpetrators, urge their communi- want a new life. There ties to surrender illegal arms, dis- is no chance to go backward.” solve any illegitimate governing Sonja Nikolic, 48, of Pristina, and security structures, help a Serb member of the Kosovo refugees return, and respect the Transitional Council, said that outcome of Kosovo’s October elec- the war has been over only a short tions if they are deemed “free and time, and people of both ethnic fair” by international observers. groups back in Kosovo may not be Before the final agreement on happy with the declaration. For the declaration, Vjosa Dobruna, some, it may be too soon to take 45, an Albanian member of the such a step. She herself still feels transitional government in the pain of the divisions widened Pristina, looked around the room by the violence. “I was witness to know only what the state propa- and said, “I have had bad experi- many things.