Policy of Agriculture Development and Agriculture Field on Resource Farmers Gorontalo – Indonesia
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Int. J. Manag. Bus. Res., 8 (1), 184-198, June 2018 Policy of Agriculture Development And Agriculture Field On Resource Farmers Gorontalo – Indonesia Sastro Wantu1*, Usman Moonti2,Asmun Wantu3 1Department of Civics Education, Faculty of Social Science, University of Gorontalo, Indonesia 2Department of Econimic Education, Faculty of Econimic, University of Gorontalo, Indonesia 3Department of Civics Education, Faculty of Social Science, University of Gorontalo, Indonesia *Corresponding [email protected] Received: 29 April 2018 Accepted: 22 May 2018 Abstract:This research is the effort of correction of development policy aimed at (1) elaborating perspective on how local government policy in managing human resources in agriculture sector; (2). How has the contribution of farmers to employment so far?. Qualitative naturalistic approach is used to describe a phenomenon that has a unique character in regional development and agricultural employment in an effort to empower farmers' resources. The direction of development policy based on human resources in the agricultural sector has a tremendous opportunity as the main capital of the government and the real involvement of farmers in employment as from the outcome. The direction of regional development policy in developing the populist economy places the development core on agricultural development and the vast number of job opportunities requires reliable and competent farmers' resources in the field of agriculture in order to increase productivity and advance their welfare. This paper first looks at and corrects development policy in Gorontalo Province that not only looks at the macroeconomic sector (GDP and Income Per Capita) but highlights on the different and mirrored side of the neoclassical development economic theory Keywords: Development, Workplace, Agriculture, Empowerment, Farmer 1.INTRODUCTION discuss development issues including development at the local level (Faggio and This study provides a good policy Overmann, 2014), then there are various correction for local governments in approaches that are often used as follows: carrying out regional development, which not only focuses on the real sector with 1.Gross Domestic Product perspective output on the industrial sector solely at the (GDP) (Thi et all, 2015). Frequently used macroeconomic level (Ductor & Grehyna, to measure the level of local economic 2015) but it should also be seen other growth (Zhu et al, 2017), but in practice sectors of support in achieving equity GDP is often misunderstood by the economic development, reducing the government due to poor infrastructure and impact of poverty, creating jobs for the the number of data manipulations carried community by looking more at the out by local governments to meet microeconomic sector. But when we development targets (Feige, 2008). GDP 184 Int. J. Manag. Bus. Res., 8 (1), 184-198, June 2018 should be an important indicator in a as large as the per capita GRDP. This region to indicate a change in net assumption is used because of the production of goods / services which can difficulty of obtaining data on factor and then be used as a basis for planning and inbound and outgoing input and evaluation of regional development in this production revenue. However, the increase case the GDP in one of the eastern in the per capita GRDP as shown in Table provinces of Indonesia as shown in Table 2 below has not illustrated the real increase 1 where the GDP in the area is much in the in public purchasing power of Gorontalo. fraction of the agricultural sector, mining, This is because the per capita GRDP infrastructure and trade. calculated based on GDP at current prices still depends on the inflation factor 2.A development perspective that (Abidin, Bakar, & Haseeb, 2015; Abidin, emphasizes increasing Income Per Capita Bakar, & Haseeb, 2014; Azam, Haseeb, (Li et all, 2015). Speaking of Domestic binti Samsi, & Raji, 2016; Haseeb, 2018) Regional Domestic Product on the basis of cost is the income earned by a region. However, the income, not entirely the 3.Development paradigm perspective that income of the people of the region, starts to highlight that development should because there is some income received by be seen from multidimensional process residents from other regions, for example a (Kuncoro, 2002) (Meyer, 2016). The company whose capital is owned by an emerging of this multi-discipline approach outsider, but the company was operating in starts to create hesitation that the two the area, then in itself the profits of that perspectives before (Gross Domestic company Will belong to an outsider that Product and Income Per Capita) still belongs to the person who has the capital. unable to give real outcome completely to Conversely, if there are residents of this the people prosperity and welfare (Table 2 region that adds capital outside the area and 3). Thus, the government, as then most of the profits of the company stakeholder, should use other perspective will flow into the area, and become (Zasada et all, 2017) which sees income from the owners of capital. If the development from different solution side Product Domestic Net is under a factor in order to pursuit economic growth, cost is reduced by revenue flowing outside decrease poverty number, and create and coupled with inward revenue flow, the workplace. result will be a net regional product. This regional income is divided by the number Based on argumentation above where one of people living in that area, then a Per example of local locus is Gorontalo Capita Revenue will be generated. Province in accelerating the implementation of regional development, The picture of the prosperity of the people it is still only pursuing more dominant of Gorontalo in macro can be described economic growth level (Huang et all, with the indicator of income per capita or 2017) and prioritizing two indicators percapita income which is still very small above. It is not only in Gorontalo; if measured from the national scale. The however, it is also occurred to many higher the income received by the regions of East Indonesia where poverty population in a region, the welfare level in and unemployment level still in high level the region will improve. Assuming that the (Table 3) The Poverty Line largely income of factors of production and determines the small number of poor outflow of transfer equals input income people, because the poor are those with an and incoming transfers, regional income is average monthly per capita expenditure 2 Int. J. Manag. Bus. Res., 8 (1), 184-198, June 2018 below the poverty line. One of the triggers more centered approach to rural human of stagnant regional development that can resources that in fact are farmers as the reduce the poverty line and can create main actors in the implementation of people welfare and prosperity (Nanni, development (Abidin & Haseeb, 2015, 2016), is social problem in which it may 2018; Haseeb & Azam, 2015; Haseeb, caused by agricultural development that Bakar, Azam, Hassan, & Hartani, 2014; not seriously managed from the local Suryanto, Haseeb, & Hartani, 2018). The government (Maria et all. 2015). It can be research focuses on Gorontalo province in predicted that the the government is more the eastern part of Indonesia and some using a development approach which is scattered cities and districts such as based only on Gross Domestic Product and Gorontalo City, Bonebolango District, Income Per Capita as well as, most of Puhuwato District, North Gorontalo times, ignoring agricultural development District. Gorontalo area is an archipelagic and prioritizing industrial sectors in order region that is a division of the province of to accelerate economic growth as regional North Sulawesi in 2001. Along with this, development capital (Yang and Zhu, since the development of pemekaran as a 2013). province, the government made various By using this approach, automatically, acceleration of development, especially in agricultural sectors will be suffered by agriculture areas that become the mainstay erosion (Long et all, 2016) or starts to be sector. Thus, it is really necessary to study marginalized due to the development only empirically about regional development pursuits service and industrial sectors focuses on agricultural sector which where it results in development disaster considered as solution to create workplace that has no concern on humanity value for farmer human resource. (Gouveia at all, 2014) which affected to the abandoned rural areas (Lieskovsky et THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT all, 2013) in order to do migration to urban areas as main service activities or According to the research conducted by industrial locations (Zhang et all, 2016). Masoed (1994) that studied about Therefore, most of human resource in rural development typology resulted on policy areas, which is agricultural sector will classification as follows: (1) politics as increase its unemployment level. commander; (2) Economy as commander; and (3) Moral as commander. Those three Reflecting on the economic theory of elements determined by the actors – state neoclassical development buzzed by (government), market (businessman), and Solow (1987) who argues that economic local community (people). By using moral growth is a series of human-derived as commander approach, then authority to activities, capital accumulation, the use of take decision about development, in which modern technology and the results of along this time it is monopolized by inputs and outputs. Should the population government, must be returned to the should be used as a positive resource for people or local community. Thus, the sustainability of development. The government given by assignment to assist classified as capital is raw material, them in order to determine their own business field, agricultural land and money strength as well as to re-generate populism in order to produce outputs such as capital ideology that refers to the re-activation of and labor factors so that it can be local community institutions. combined into various combinations for development pengembengan, Applications Meanwhile, according to Todaro (2000) of the above theory can be done through a and Kuncoro (2002) as discussed 3 Int.