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A Comprehensive Analysis of Psalm 137, a Communal Lament

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A Comprehensive Analysis of Psalm 137, a Communal Lament A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF PSALM 137, A COMMUNAL LAMENT By Chan, Kwok Leung Desmond Presented to the Faculty of Dallas International University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts with major in Applied Linguistics Dallas International University April 2020 ©2020 Chan, Kwok Leung Desmond All Rights Reserved CERTIFICATE acknowledge that use of copyrighted material in my thesis may place me under an obligation to the copyright owner, especially when use of such material exceeds usual fair use provisions. I hereby certify that I have obtained the written permission of the copyright owner for any and all such occurrences and that no portion of my thesis has been copyrighted previously unless properly referenced. I hereby agree to indemnify and hold harmless Dallas Intermational University from any and all claims that may be asserted or that may arise from any copyright violation. Signature Date THESIS DUPLICATION RELEASE to this thesis T hereby authorize the Dallas International University Library duplicate when needed for research and/or scholarship. Agreed: (student signature) Refused: (student signature) ABSTRACT A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF PSALM 137, A COMMUNAL LAMENT Chan, Kwok Leung Desmond Master of Arts with major in Applied Linguistics Dallas International University, April 2020 Supervising Professors: Arden G. Sanders and Joshua L. Harper Poetry is a common literary form of the Old Testament. However, poetry is not easy to understand or translate. This thesis is a comprehensive analysis of Ps 137, which is commonly regarded as a communal lament. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how to prepare an in-depth analysis of Hebrew poetry, which serves as the foundation for a proper translation of Hebrew poetry, using Ps 137 as an example. The analysis is conducted through different dimensions: historical setting, literary structure, and canonical form, using Wendland’s Literary Functional Equivalence (LiFE) approach which focuses on artistic (formal) text analysis and rhetorical (functional) text analysis. Wendland’s nine-step literary-structural analysis to poetry is supplemented with guidelines for interpreting poetry suggested by Fokkelman (2001, 208-9). This thesis could provide a framework for developing the proper skill of translation team members (translators, translation advisors, and translation consultants) in analyzing poetic form and features. DEDICATION This is dedicated to my spouse, Yuen Wah, who gave me full support and encouragement to complete this thesis. vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, I must acknowledge Dr. Arden G. Sanders, Dr. Joshua L. Harper, and Dr. JoAnna M. Hoyt who offered direction and guidance to me through the process. I am so grateful for their patience in polishing my academic writing skill. Second, I must acknowledge all my companions at the International Linguistics Center who continuously encouraged me and took care of me during my year at Dallas International University. Finally, I must acknowledge those who remember me in their prayers. Without the support from all the above people, I could not have completed the thesis. Thanks be to God. January 2020 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... vi DEDICATION .................................................................................................................. vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. xi LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... xii ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... xiii TRANSLITERATIONS .................................................................................................. xiv 1. Background of Study .................................................................................................... 1 2. Literature Review.......................................................................................................... 6 2.1 The Book of Psalms ................................................................................................. 6 2.2 The Nature of Lament Psalms................................................................................ 16 2.3 Hebrew Poetry ....................................................................................................... 23 2.4 Formal Aspects of the Psalms ................................................................................ 25 2.4.1 Meter and Rhythm ...................................................................................... 25 2.4.2 Parallelism................................................................................................... 27 2.4.3 Terseness ..................................................................................................... 32 2.4.4 Other Characteristics ................................................................................... 34 3. Methodology ............................................................................................................... 37 4. Background of Ps 137 ................................................................................................. 49 4.1 Historical Context .................................................................................................. 49 4.2 Authorship.............................................................................................................. 53 4.3 Theological Context ............................................................................................... 55 5. Macro-Structural Analysis of Ps 137 .......................................................................... 57 5.1 Delimitation ........................................................................................................... 57 5.2 Spatialization.......................................................................................................... 57 5.3 Text-Criticism ........................................................................................................ 66 6. Micro-Structural Analysis of Ps 137........................................................................... 69 6.1 Segmentation.......................................................................................................... 69 6.1.1 Stanza A: vv. 1-4......................................................................................... 70 6.1.2 Stanza B: vv. 5-6 ......................................................................................... 73 6.1.3 Stanza C: vv. 7-9 ......................................................................................... 74 6.2 Confirmation .......................................................................................................... 75 6.2.1 Stanza A: vv. 1-4......................................................................................... 75 6.2.2 Stanza B: vv. 5-6 ......................................................................................... 79 6.2.3 Stanza C: vv. 7-9 ......................................................................................... 85 6.3 Distinction .............................................................................................................. 89 6.3.1 Imagery ....................................................................................................... 89 6.3.2 Prosaic Particles .......................................................................................... 91 ix 6.3.3 Key Words .................................................................................................. 93 forget” ............................................................ 93“ ׁשכח remember” and“ זכר 6.3.3.1 Jerusalem” .......................................................... 95“ יְרּוׁשָׁ לִם Zion” and“ צִ ּיֹון 6.3.3.2 Yhwh” .............................................................. 97“ יהוה Babylon” and“ בָׁבֶל 6.3.3.3 6.3.4 Phonological Connections ........................................................................ 101 6.3.5 Preposed Constructions ............................................................................. 105 6.3.6 Rhetorical Question .................................................................................. 106 6.3.7 Figures of Speech ...................................................................................... 109 7. Compositional Analysis of Ps 137 ............................................................................ 113 7.1 Conversation ........................................................................................................ 113 7.2 Summarization ..................................................................................................... 119 7.3 Formation of Ps 137 ............................................................................................. 120 7.3.1 Stanza Level .............................................................................................. 123 7.3.2 Strophe Level ............................................................................................ 127 7.3.3 Unit-Count ...............................................................................................
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