CREATIVE MASTERY IN HYPNOSIS AND HYPNOANALYSIS A Festschrift for Erika Fromm CREATIVE MASTERY IN HYPNOSIS AND HYPNOANALYSIS A Festschrift for Erika Fromm Edited by Margot L. Fass Clifton Springs Hospital, N Y Daniel Brown The Cambridge Hospital Routledge Taylor &. Francis Group NEW YORK AND LONDON Cover art is an original lithograph by Margot L. Fass, inspired by Erika Fromm First Published by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers 365 Broadway Hillsdale, New Jersey 07642 Transferred to Digital Printing 2009 by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York NY 10016 27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex, BN3 2FA Copyright ® 1990 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Ali rights reserved. No part of the book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any other means, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Creative mastery in hypnosis and hypnoanalysis : festschrift for Erika Fromm / edited by Margot L. Fass, Daniel Brown, p. cm. Includes indexes. ISBN 0-8058-0832-9 (c) 1. Hypnotism — Therapeutic use. 2. Psychoanalysis. 3. Fromm, Erika. I. Fromm, Erika. II. Fass, Margot L. II. Brown, Daniel P., 1948- RC495.C74 1990 615.8'512 —dc20 90-3792 CIP Publisher’s Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original may be apparent. To the furtherance of growth, mastery, and Creative interaction be- tween guide and follower, therapist and patient (or client), teacher and student, for ali of our mutual enhancement and enlightenment. This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface Margot L. Fass and Daniel Brown xi Foreword Martin Orne XV PARTI THE WORK AND INFLUENCES OF ERIKA FROMM 1 Erika Fromm: An Intellectual History Daniel Brown 3 2 Erika Fromm as Contributor to Hypnosis, Hypnotherapy, and Hypnoanalysis Ernest R. Hilgard 31 3 Reflections on Hypnosis and Related Topics Doris Gruenewald 35 4 A Personal Experience With Self-Hypnosis and Creativity Andrew M. Greeley 41 vii viii CONTENTS PART II THE NATURE OF HYPNOSIS 5 Cognitive and Psychophysiological Correlates of Hypnotic Responsiveness and Hypnosis Helen J. Crawford 47 6 Cognitive Dissonance and the Responsiveness of Highly Hypnotizable Subjects Eugene Levitt, Elgan L. Baker, and Timothy L. Hulsey 55 7 Phenomenological Explorations of Self-Hypnosis Stephen Kahn 61 PART III THE CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF HYPNOSIS 8 Clinical Hypnosis: A Psychodynamic Approach Germain Lavoie 77 9 The Clinical Relevance of Hypnotic Susceptibility Philip Spinhoven 107 10 How Hypnosis May Potentiate Psychotherapy Jean Holroyd 125 1 1 Sequelae to Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis Billie S. Strauss 131 PART IV THE MECHANISMS OF CHANGE IN THERAPY 1 2 From the Magical Wish to the Belief in the Self Marlene R. Eisen 147 13 The Creative Process in Hypnotherapy Peter B. Bloom 159 1 4 Hypnosis as a Tool for Facilitating Change in Short-Term Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy: On Alloying the Gold of Analysis with the Copper of Suggestion Mark C. Sexton and Michael R. Nash 169 CONTENTS ix 15 The Problem-Solving Nature of Hypnosis: Its Use With Corporate Managers Daniel Araoz 187 PART V CLINICAL APPLICATIONS AND NEW DIRECTIONS 1 6 The Variable Long-Term Effects of Incest: Hypnoanalytic and Adjunctive Hypnotherapeutic Treatment Daniel Brown 199 17 Writing Assignments and Hypnosis in the Treatment of Traumatic Memories Onno van der Hart, Suzette Boon, and Ghisaine B. van Everdingen 231 18 Ego-State Transferences in the Hypnoanalytic Treatment of Dissociative Reactions John G. Watkins and Helen H. Watkins 255 19 On Silence and the Holocaust: A Contribution to Clinical Theory Arnold Wilson 263 20 Hypnoanalysis for Structural Pathology: Impairments of Self-Representation and Capacity for Object Involvement Elgan L. Baker 279 References 287 Author Index 323 Subject Index 335 This page intentionally left blank PREFACE This book was written in response to a need we recognized in ourselves, and after inquiries among Erika Fromm’s students, colleagues, and friends. On the occasion of her 80th birthday, a Festschrift seemed to be the most appropriate way to pay homage to her personal and professional influence on ali of us. The fact that proceeds from the sale of the book will go to an Erika Fromm Scholarship Fund to assist students with an interest in hypnosis, will ensure that her wide-ranging effects on others will continue into posterity. Ideally, a Festschrift would be made up entirely of original Scientific and scholarly papers. However, to adequately represent authors who have been close to and profoundly influenced by Dr. Fromm, a few selections are revisions or reprints of already published papers. It should be clear from the breadth and depth of the contributions to this volume that she has had a seminal and profound influence on the clinical and research literature in hypnosis and related areas. The book’s contents are written by persons who have worked closely with and/or have been signifi- cantly influenced by her. The authors have refined, expanded upon, revised, and conducted research in many areas that Dr. Fromm has explored in her more than 100 publications on the subjects of hypnosis, self-hypnosis, hypnotherapy, and hypnoanalysis. Professional therapists with an interest in personal growth, self-awareness, and Creative mastery, whether or not they already have an interest in hypno­ sis, should be well rewarded for reading this book. If the reader has previ- XI xii PREFACE ously eschewed hypnosis, the integrity of the authors is so clear that the book might well stimulate an initial interest that can only enrich clinical practice or research. The scope and treatment of the subject matter and organization of the book are evident from the table of contents. The subject matter ranges from a detailed accounting of Erika Fromm’s professional biography and personal observations from friends and colleagues, to Creative synthetic expandings of awareness about process and well-controlled research analyses of biopsycho- social hypnotic phenomena. Applications of Scientific theory and principles of treatment to particularly difficult clinical situations are also explored. Ali are on the cutting edge of advances in the field. The student might derive the most comprehensive sense of the develop- ment of Dr. Fromm’s career, which in turn has influenced the maturation and fruition of the work of others, by reading the book from beginning to end. Alternatively, the reader might effectively browse through it, focus on a particular area of interest, and then allow him or herself to be led from one fascinating chapter to the next. The collection is unique in that it represents the contributions of those persons who write in the area, and were most touched by our request for papers. They responded quickly and cooperated with tight deadlines. We have found them ali to have been dedicated, responsible, and motivated to join in this labor of love—a demonstration of their affection for Dr. Fromm and respect for her achievements. There are friends, colleagues, and students of Dr. Fromm who would have liked to have contributed to this Festschrift, but because of the need to prepare the final product by the fall of this year, we were unfortunately unable to include their offerings. We are nevertheless grateful to them for their warm response. It is impossible to think of one of our own family members, therapists, patients, teachers, students, employers, employees, friends, or colleagues who has not helped in some way, large or small, to realize this project. The process of working on it has enriched us personally in terms of new positive relationships. One result has been a mutual expansion of affection and respect that now includes a larger “family” for us ali. It is intriguing to be a participant observer in the midst of the powerful effect Dr. Fromm has in magnetically mobilizing healing energy that leads to self-actualization. This in turn results in an urge to contribute to the actualization of others, and thus of course, in further benefits to ourselves in the ever widening networks in which we develop. ACKN O WLEDGMENTS This project grew out of the enthusiasm, Creative energy, and willingness to work hard that Erika Fromm inspired in her many students and colleagues. PREFACE xiii We would like to thank the many individuals who supported the idea of the Festschrift with constructive suggestions and original or reprinted contribu- tions. Publishing this book in time for Erika Fromm’s birthday required consid- erable devotion. The editors would like to thank each author for submitting their excellent chapters and responsibly responding to editorial queries, both often on very short notice, and being patient with and accepting the some- times significant changes needed to bring each chapter into a consistent volume. Each publisher who gave us permission to reprint, adapt, and/or translate material deserves not only recognition but an expression of our appreciation as well. It was easiest to obtain permission to republish a modified version of the “Foreword,” by Ernest Hilgard from Daniel Brown and Erika Fromm’s book Hypnotherapy and Hypnoanalysis, one of Lawrence Erlbaum Associates’ most successful technical publications. Given that Father Greeley has been a best selling author since his hypnotic experience with Erika Fromm, it also is not surprising that Simon & Schuster, publisher of Andrew Greeley’s Con- fessions of a Parish Priest, has given permission to use a portion of the “Pro- logue” of that book. Guilford Press published Erika Fromm and Stephen Kahn’s book Self Hypnosis: The Chicago Paradigm in this year. Dr. Kahn used parts of this for his chapter, without telling Dr. Fromm about it! Guilford Press was good enough to keep the secret from her, overlooking protocol for the sake of the surprise. The translated and slightly modified chapter by Germain Lavoie, first published in Psychiatrie Clinique: Approche Bio- Psycho-Social, Gäetan Morin Editeur, was well received in its original version in French.