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Art in the Mirror: Reflection in the Work of Rauschenberg, Richter, Graham and Smithson
ART IN THE MIRROR: REFLECTION IN THE WORK OF RAUSCHENBERG, RICHTER, GRAHAM AND SMITHSON DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Eileen R. Doyle, M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2004 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Stephen Melville, Advisor Professor Lisa Florman ______________________________ Professor Myroslava Mudrak Advisor History of Art Graduate Program Copyright by Eileen Reilly Doyle 2004 ii ABSTRACT This dissertation considers the proliferation of mirrors and reflective materials in art since the sixties through four case studies. By analyzing the mirrored and reflective work of Robert Rauschenberg, Gerhard Richter, Dan Graham and Robert Smithson within the context of the artists' larger oeuvre and also the theoretical and self-reflective writing that surrounds each artist’s work, the relationship between the wide use of industrially-produced materials and the French theory that dominated artistic discourse for the past thirty years becomes clear. Chapter 2 examines the work of Robert Rauschenberg, noting his early interest in engaging the viewer’s body in his work—a practice that became standard with the rise of Minimalism and after. Additionally, the theoretical writing the French phenomenologist Maurice Merleau-Ponty provides insight into the link between art as a mirroring practice and a physically engaged viewer. Chapter 3 considers the questions of medium and genre as they arose in the wake of Minimalism, using the mirrors and photo-based paintings of Gerhard Richter as its focus. It also addresses the particular way that Richter weaves the motifs and concerns of traditional painting into a rhetoric of the death of painting which strongly implicates the mirror, ultimately opening up Richter’s career to a psychoanalytic reading drawing its force from Jacques Lacan’s writing on the formation of the subject. -
The Reception of Palaeolithic Art at the Turn of the Twentieth Century: Between Archaeology and Art History
The reception of Palaeolithic art at the turn of the twentieth century: between archaeology and art history Oscar Moro Abadía If I am asked to define any further what I mean by ‘the primitive’ I must refer the reader to the pages of this book, which will show that the term was associated in its time with early Greek vases, with quattrocento painting and with tribal art.1 These words by Ernst Gombrich summarize some of the main meanings associated with the term ‘primitive’ in the field of art history. In its original sense, the word refers to a movement of taste that, in the story of art, runs parallel to the progress towards naturalism. According to Gombrich, while art history may be described as the story of how ‘the artist got better and better in the imitation of nature’,2 there have been a number of artistic movements that have called for a deliberate abandonment of classical standards.3 This ‘preference for the primitive’ has been expressed in ‘the revulsion from that very perfection that art had been said to aim at’.4 During the last years of the nineteenth century, the theory of evolution ‘gave a new meaning to the term ‘primitive’ which […] came to denote the beginnings of human civilization’.5 As a result of this development, the term ‘primitive art’ was incorporated into art historians’ vocabulary to refer to a set of non-Western arts coming from Africa, America and Oceania.6 At the beginning of the twentieth century, ‘primitive art’ was used interchangeably with terms such as ‘savage art’, ‘tribal art’ and ‘art nègre’.7 Since then, the label has been intensively criticized for Acknowledgements. -
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Global histories a student journal The Construction of Chinese Art History as a Modern Discipline in the Early Twentieth Century Author: Jialu Wang DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/GHSJ.2019.294 Source: Global Histories, Vol. 5, No. 1 (May 2019), pp. 64-77 ISSN: 2366-780X Copyright © 2019 Jialu Wang License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Publisher information: ‘Global Histories: A Student Journal’ is an open-access bi-annual journal founded in 2015 by students of the M.A. program Global History at Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. ‘Global Histories’ is published by an editorial board of Global History students in association with the Freie Universität Berlin. Freie Universität Berlin Global Histories: A Student Journal Friedrich-Meinecke-Institut Koserstraße 20 14195 Berlin Contact information: For more information, please consult our website www.globalhistories.com or contact the editor at: [email protected]. The Construction of Chinese Art History as a Modern Discipline in the Early Twentieth Century by: WANG JIALU Wang Jialu Construction of Chinese Art | 65 | VI - 1 - 2019 Nottingham Ningbo China. ABOUT THE AUTHOR degree in Transcultural Studies at the Studies degree in Transcultural with a particular focus on China and its are Visual, Media and Material Cultures, global art history, and curating practices. global art history, She also holds an MA degree in Identity, She also holds an MA degree in Identity, London and a BA degree in International London contemporary media and cultural studies, Jialu Wang is currently pursuing a Master’s is currently pursuing a Master’s Jialu Wang Culture and Power from University College Culture and Power Communications Studies from University of Communications Studies University of Heidelberg. -
A Review on Historical Earth Pigments Used in India's Wall Paintings
heritage Review A Review on Historical Earth Pigments Used in India’s Wall Paintings Anjali Sharma 1 and Manager Rajdeo Singh 2,* 1 Department of Conservation, National Museum Institute, Janpath, New Delhi 110011, India; [email protected] 2 National Research Laboratory for the Conservation of Cultural Property, Aliganj, Lucknow 226024, India * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Iron-containing earth minerals of various hues were the earliest pigments of the prehistoric artists who dwelled in caves. Being a prominent part of human expression through art, nature- derived pigments have been used in continuum through ages until now. Studies reveal that the primitive artist stored or used his pigments as color cakes made out of skin or reeds. Although records to help understand the technical details of Indian painting in the early periodare scanty, there is a certain amount of material from which some idea may be gained regarding the methods used by the artists to obtain their results. Considering Indian wall paintings, the most widely used earth pigments include red, yellow, and green ochres, making it fairly easy for the modern era scientific conservators and researchers to study them. The present knowledge on material sources given in the literature is limited and deficient as of now, hence the present work attempts to elucidate the range of earth pigments encountered in Indian wall paintings and the scientific studies and characterization by analytical techniques that form the knowledge background on the topic. Studies leadingto well-founded knowledge on pigments can contribute towards the safeguarding of Indian cultural heritage as well as spread awareness among conservators, restorers, and scholars. -
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Guggenheim Museum Archives Reel-to-Reel collection On Cubism by Maurice Tuchman, 1964 MAURICE TUCHMAN Braque would be hard to do otherwise, since at a certain stage in their development, the work of both Picasso and Braque became virtually a joint exploration. And some of their paintings in 1910 or ’11 can easily be — easily be confused one with the other. Picasso himself, a couple of decades after certain of these 1910 paintings were made, was studying a cubist painting he thought was his and then found that Braque’s signature was on the back. (laughter) Well, there were two key influences upon cubism, Cézanne and primitive sculpture. And on the screen there is an African Negro sculpture at the right, a Bakota funerary fetish. And at the left is a Picasso of 1907 called The Great Dancer. [01:00] The Fauves, Matisse, Derain, and Vlaminck had admired primitive sculpture in Paris two or three years earlier. And simultaneously, in Germany, Nolde and Kirchner and other expressionists discovered the peculiar power and energy of primitive art for themselves. Picasso probably picked up the Fauves enthusiasm for such works of art, as at the right but made use of it in a way Matisse and the others never did. The silhouette in the Picasso is very close to the African work. And in particular, we might note the similar bow- legged stance in both. And also similar is the use of a mask for a face. Picasso’s figure, like the African, is stretched flat. And he [runs?] there’s the greatest distortions of anatomy. -
Historical Painting Techniques, Materials, and Studio Practice
Historical Painting Techniques, Materials, and Studio Practice PUBLICATIONS COORDINATION: Dinah Berland EDITING & PRODUCTION COORDINATION: Corinne Lightweaver EDITORIAL CONSULTATION: Jo Hill COVER DESIGN: Jackie Gallagher-Lange PRODUCTION & PRINTING: Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas SYMPOSIUM ORGANIZERS: Erma Hermens, Art History Institute of the University of Leiden Marja Peek, Central Research Laboratory for Objects of Art and Science, Amsterdam © 1995 by The J. Paul Getty Trust All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America ISBN 0-89236-322-3 The Getty Conservation Institute is committed to the preservation of cultural heritage worldwide. The Institute seeks to advance scientiRc knowledge and professional practice and to raise public awareness of conservation. Through research, training, documentation, exchange of information, and ReId projects, the Institute addresses issues related to the conservation of museum objects and archival collections, archaeological monuments and sites, and historic bUildings and cities. The Institute is an operating program of the J. Paul Getty Trust. COVER ILLUSTRATION Gherardo Cibo, "Colchico," folio 17r of Herbarium, ca. 1570. Courtesy of the British Library. FRONTISPIECE Detail from Jan Baptiste Collaert, Color Olivi, 1566-1628. After Johannes Stradanus. Courtesy of the Rijksmuseum-Stichting, Amsterdam. Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Historical painting techniques, materials, and studio practice : preprints of a symposium [held at] University of Leiden, the Netherlands, 26-29 June 1995/ edited by Arie Wallert, Erma Hermens, and Marja Peek. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-89236-322-3 (pbk.) 1. Painting-Techniques-Congresses. 2. Artists' materials- -Congresses. 3. Polychromy-Congresses. I. Wallert, Arie, 1950- II. Hermens, Erma, 1958- . III. Peek, Marja, 1961- ND1500.H57 1995 751' .09-dc20 95-9805 CIP Second printing 1996 iv Contents vii Foreword viii Preface 1 Leslie A. -
Linking Local Resources to World History
Linking Local Resources to World History Made possible by a Georgia Humanities Council grant to the Georgia Regents University Humanities Program in partnership with the Morris Museum of Art Lesson 5: Modern Art: Cubism in Europe & America Images Included_________________________________________________________ 1. Title: Les Demoiselles d’Avignon Artist: Pablo Picasso (1881– 1973) Date: 1907 Medium: Oil on canvas Location: Museum of Modern Art, New York 2. Title: untitled (African mask) Artist: unknown, Woyo peoples, Democratic Republic of the Congo Date: c. early 20th century Medium: Wood and pigment Size: 24.5 X 13.5 X 6 inches Location: Los Angeles County Museum of Art 3. Title: untitled (African mask) Artist: Unknown, Fang Tribe, Gabon Date: c. early 20th century Medium: Wood and pigment Size: 24 inches tall Location: Private collection 4. Title: Abstraction Artist: Paul Ninas (1903–1964 Date: 1885 Medium: Oil on canvas Size: 47.5 x 61 inches Location: Morris Museum of Art 5. Title: Houses at l’Estaque Artist: Georges Braque (1882–1963) Date: 1908 Medium: Oil on Canvas Size: 28.75 x 23.75 inches Location: Museum of Fine Arts Berne Title: Two Characters Artist: Pablo Picasso (1881– 1973) Date: 1934 Medium: Oil on canvas Location: Museum of Modern Art in Rovereto Historical Background____________________________________________________ Experts debate start and end dates for “modern art,” but they all agree modernism deserves attention as a distinct era in which something identifiably new and important was under way. Most art historians peg modernism to Europe in the mid- to late- nineteenth century, with particularly important developments in France, so we’ll look at that time in Paris and then see how modernist influences affect artworks here in the American South. -
Post-Impressionism and the Late Nineteenth Century College, Cambridge
164. Paul Cézanne, Still Life with Apples, c. 1875-77. Oil on canvas, 19.1 x 27.3. King’s Post-Impressionism and the Late Nineteenth Century College, Cambridge The term post-Impressionism, meaning “After Impressionism,” designates the work of Life with Apples (fig. 164), of c. certain late 19th-century painters, whose diverse styles were significantly influenced 1875-77, painted at the height of by Impressionism. Like the Impressionists, the Post-Impressionists were drawn to his Impressionist period, Cézanne bright color and visible, distinctive brushstrokes. But Post-Impressionist forms do not subordinates narrative to form. He dissolve into the medium and their edges. whether outlined or defined by sharp color condenses the rich thematic asso- separations, are relatively clear. ciations of the apple in Western im- Within Post-Impressionism two important trends evolved. These are exemplified on agery with a new structured abstrac- the one hand by Cézanne and Seurat, who reassert formal and structural values; and tion. Cézanne’s punning assertion on the other by Gauguin and van Gogh, who explore emotional content. Both trends that he wanted to “astonish Paris set the stage for major trends in early 20th-century art. Certain Post-Impressionist with an apple” [see Box] is nowhere artists were also influenced by the late 19th century Symbolist movement. more evident than in this work. Seven brightly colored apples are set on a slightly darker surface. Each is a sphere, outlined in black and built up with patches of color- Paul Cézanne reds, greens, yellows, and oranges-like the many facets of a crystal. -
East Meets West
S7.95U$ S8.95CAN llllllllllllllllllllllllllll ...1 ..9.> East MEETs West Raised in China and known for his highly detailed depictions of the West, Xiang Zhang paints works that are both impressionistic and realistic MorningDrive in Palo Ouro Oil I 46 x 66 inches was just blown away with Xiang's ability and his talent, not to mention the fact that he came from a different culture completely," marvels Chris Melany, owner of Mclarry Fine Art, when asked what drew him to Chinese-born Western artist Xiang Zhang (pronounced Shong Zang) when they first started working together 20 years ago. "I can't imagine a guy from Texas going to China and b /ming a top Chinese artist. It's just phenomenal." East MEETs 'W'est Xiang Zhang It may seem unlike ly that someone who grew up in the Sichuan province of China and moved to the United States as an adult has become a full-time art ist who creates incred Saturday Reward ibly vivid, historically accurate and drama-filled Western Oil I 40 x 60 inches paintings. But perhaps it was destiny. Zhang, who now makes his home in McKinney, Texas, was born in the year draw them," explains Zhang, who says that at the time he of the horse, and his infatuation with the animal started at copied the style of Xu Beihong, a famous Chinese artist who a young age. introduced Western painting techniques to China. What As a child, Zhang walked two miles through the Chinese started out as black ink on rice paper has evolved into scin countryside to get to school, and along the way he passed tillating colors and expert strokes with oil paint on canvas farmers working their fields with horses. -
Collection KUN: Art History
Collection KUN: Art history Contents Collection 2 Systematic arrangement 3 Main division Art studies 4 Main division Individual art forms 5 Other subject areas 6 Chronological table (PT) 7 Geographical table (GT) 8 Handbooks and reference works 14 p. 1 / 14 Collection KUN: Art history Collection The collection covers the history of Western art including architecture from Classical antiquity up to the present. For literature on miniature painting and book illumination see the collection DOC (Book and Manuscript Studies). Within the Art history collection the following general sections can be distinguished: theory and method of art history (20.01-20.04), theory of art (20.05-20.09), art and society (20.10-20.19), iconology, iconography and emblems (20.20-20.23), art history overviews and studies (20.30-20.70). Apart from this, there are several sections dedicated to individual art media: painting (21.00), drawing (21.20), printing (21.30), photography (21.40), sculpture (21.50), architecture (21.60-21.70) and decorative arts (21.80). Besides, there are sections with monographic studies about and oeuvre catalogues of individual artists, and with collection, exhibition and auction catalogues. Focal points in the collection are: text editions in the field of art history and art theory (the Kunstliteratur); art theory, the methodology and history of art history, iconology, emblematics (both text editions and secondary literature), Nachleben (the influence of classical antiquity on western art and art history). Besides, the history of art and architecture in the Northern and Southern Netherlands of the middle ages, the art of painting, drawing and printing after the middle ages, Italian renaissance art and finally the history of patronage and collecting, and the reception of Dutch art. -
Picasso: Girl Before a Mirror
PICASSO GIRL BEFORE A MIRROR ANNE UMLAND THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART, NEW YORK At some point on Wednesday, March 14, 1932, Pablo Picasso stepped back from his easel and took a long, hard look at the painting we know as Girl before a Mirror. Deciding there was nothing more he wanted to change or to add, he recorded the day, month, and year of completion on the back of the canvas and signed it on the front, in white paint, up in the picture’s top-left corner.1 Riotous in color and chockablock with pattern, this image of a young woman and her mirror reflection was finished toward the end of a grand series of can- vases the artist had begun in December 1931, three months before.2 Its jewel tones and compartmentalized composition, with discrete areas of luminous color bounded by lines, have prompted many viewers to compare its visual effect to that of stained glass or cloisonné enamel. To draw close to the painting and scrutinize its surface, however, is to discover that, unlike colored glass, Girl before a Mirror is densely opaque, rife with clotted passages and made up of multiple complex layers, evidence of its having been worked and reworked. The subject of this painting, too, is complex and filled with contradictory symbols. The art historian Robert Rosenblum memorably described the girl’s face, at left, a smoothly painted, delicately blushing pink-lavender profile com- bined with a heavily built-up, garishly colored yellow-and-red frontal view, as “a marvel of compression” containing within itself allusions to youth and old age, sun and moon, light and shadow, and “merging . -
Richard Kern and Western Art. a Review Essay
New Mexico Historical Review Volume 61 Number 2 Article 6 4-1-1986 Of Documents and Myths: Richard Kern and Western Art. A Review Essay Brian W. Dippie Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr Recommended Citation Dippie, Brian W.. "Of Documents and Myths: Richard Kern and Western Art. A Review Essay." New Mexico Historical Review 61, 2 (1986). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr/vol61/iss2/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in New Mexico Historical Review by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Of Documents and Myths: Richard Kern and Western Art. A Review Essay BRIAN W. DIPPlE In a 1967 essay, John C. Ewers,. an ethnologist concerned with the documentary value of Western art, remarked: "Too often writers 'have applied generalized slogans to the western artists-slogans such as 'he knew the horse,' or 'he knew the Indian,' or 'the Mountain Man,' or 'cow boy,' and such gross judgments have been offered in place of the much more difficult, scholarly criticisms of the individual works of the artists under consideration."1 Western art scholarship has a rather short pe digree. The glossy, coffee table biography-picture books by Harold McCracken set the standard for opulence and color, but it was a chem istry professor at the University of Kansas, Robert Taft, who set the standard for thorough research in a series of essays published in the , Brian W. Dippie is professor of history in the University of Victoria, British Columbia.