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Hadīth on the Abdāl

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Hadīth on the Abdāl 1) From Umm Salamah: “Disagreement will occur at the death of a Khalif and a man of the people of Madina will come quickly to Makka. Some of the people of Makka will come to him… and swear allegiance to him between the Corner (Rukn) and Maqam. An expeditionary force will be sent against him from Syria…when the people see that, the Abdāl of Syria and the best people of Iraq will come to him and swear allegiance to him…” Recorded by Abu Dawud (Kitab al-Mahdi, #3737), Imam Ahmad (6:316), Ibn Abi Shayba (8:609), Abdur- Razzaq (11:371 #20769), Tabarani (M. Awsat, 2:35 #1153, 9:176 #9459, and M. Kabir, 23:296, 389-90), Hakim (4:431), Ibn Hibban (15:158-59), Abu Ya‟la (12:370 #6940 Hasan), Ishaq ibn Rahawayh, and Ibn „Asakir in Tarikh Dimashq (1:292-93). Mundhiri, Ibn Hibban, Hakim, Dhahabi, and Haythami (7:315) said it is Sahih. 2) From Abu Sa‟id al-Khudri: “The Abdāl from my nation did not enter into Paradise with their actions, but rather through the mercy of Allah, through the unparalleled generosity of their souls, the fact that they hold no grudge or hatred against anyone and their hearts being at peace with everyone, and through mercy for the entirety of Muslims.” Recorded by Bayhaqi (Shu’ab al-Iman, 7:439 #10893), and similar versions by Ibn Abi Dunya (Kitab al-Awliya’ p. 28 #58), Hakim at-Tirmidhi (Nawadir, Asl #51) and others. 3) From Abu Darda‟: “The Abdāl have not come to be greater than the rest of the people by performing much fasting or prayers or tasbīh, but rather by excellent morals, being true in their scrupulousness, their sound intentions, their hearts being at peace with all Muslims, and giving others sincere counsel for the sake of Allah.” Recorded by Hakim at-Tirmidhi in Nawadir al-Usul (Asl #51). A hadith of similar wording was recorded by Daylami (Firdaws, 2:344) and Ibn „Asakir (1:292) from Anas, and Ibn Abi Dunya (K. Awliya, #8) from „Ali. 4) Abu Darda‟ said: “When Prophet hood ended – and they were the supports (Awtad) of the earth – Allah substituted their places with 40 men from the nation of Muhammad şallAllāhu álayhi wa sallam, who are named “Abdāl” (the Substitutes). Not one of them dies except that Allah replaces him with another one to take his place, and they are now the supports of this earth. The hearts of 30 of them contain the same certainty (yaqin) which Sayyidina Ibrahim alayhis salam had. They did not succeed or rise above the other people with much fasting or prayer…but rather through being truthful in their scrupulousness, having noble intentions, having sound wholesome hearts, and giving all the Muslims sincere counsel, desiring by that the Pleasure of Allah, with patient forbearance, and a merciful core (of being), and humility without being meek. They do not curse anyone, or harm anyone, nor do they see themselves as being higher or nobler than anyone under them, or envy those above them. They do not fake their humility, nor fake their being dead to the world, nor are they ostentatiously impressed with themselves. They do not love the world, nor love for its sake...” Recorded by Hakim Tirmidhi (Asl #51), and Ibn Abi Dunya (K. Awliya, #57) from Abu-z Zinad. 5) Hudhayfa ibn Yaman said: “The Abdāl in my community are in Syria, and they are 30 men on the way of Ibrahim alayhis salam… And the group (of righteous Awliya‟) in Iraq are 40 men… 20 of them are on the way of „Isa alayhis salam, and 20 of them have been given some of the instruments which the Khalifa Da‟ud alayhis salam was given.” Recorded by Hakim at-Tirmidhi in Nawadir al-Usul (Asl. #51). 6) From „Ali: “The Abdāl are in Syria, and they are 40 men. Whenever one of them dies, Allah substitutes another in his place. By means of them, Allah brings down the rain, gives victory over enemies, and diverts punishment from the people of Syria.” Recorded by Imam Ahmad (Musnad, 1:112 #854 and Fada’il as-Sahaba, #1675), Diya‟ al-Maqdisi in al- Mukhtara (2:110), Ibn „Asakir in Tarikh Dimashq (1:289, 296), Hakim Tirmidhi in Nawadir al-Usul (Asl #222), and Muhammad ibn Abdul-Hadi in Fada’il al-Sham (p. 43 #15). Shurayh narrated from Miqdad, who is older than „Ali. Munawi in his Fayd al-Qadir, Haythami (10:62 #16671), Sakhawi (Maqasid #8), and Suyuti (Jami’ as- Saghir #3035) said it is Hasan, and it has over ten routes of transmission from „Ali as stated by Munawi. 7) Also from Imam „Ali: “Do not curse the people of Syria, for the Abdāl are among them, but curse their injustice.” Recorded by Hakim (4:553), who said, along with Imam Dhahabi, that it is Sahih. Also recorded by Imam Ahmad (Fada’il as-Sahaba 2:905), Abdur-Razzaq (Musannaf, 11:249 #20455), Tabarani (M. Awsat, 4:176 #3905), Ibn Abi Dunya (Kitab al-Awliya’, #70), Bayhaqi (Dala’il an-Nubuwwa, 6:449), Diya‟ al-Maqdisi (Mukhtara, 2:111- 12), Ishaq ibn Rahawayh (Matalib, 3:377 – Sahih according to Busiri 10:332 #7930), Nu‟aym ibn Hammad in his Fitan (#651 Sahih chain), Ibn „Asakir (1:296-97), and others. 8) Also from Imam „Ali: “The Abdāl are from Syria and the Nujaba‟ are from Egypt, and the elite righteous servants („isaba) are from Iraq.” Recorded by Ibn „Asakir in Tarikh Dimashq (1:296-97, 300), al-Khallal, and ad-Dani in his Sunan al-Warida fi’l Fitan (#598). Cf. Suyuti‟s Hawi lil Fatawi (2:466-67). 9) From Anas: “The earth will never be empty of 40 men who are similar to the Intimate Friend of Allah (Sayyidina Ibrahim alayhis salam). By them rain falls and victory is granted. Not one of them dies except that Allah replaces him with another.” Qatada said, “We do not doubt that Hasan al-Basri is one of them.” Recorded by Tabarani in Mu’jam al-Awsat (4:247 #4101) and al-Kabir (10:224 #10390 – see Suyuti‟s Hawi lil Fatawi 2:247), Abu Nu‟aym (Ma’rifat as-Sahaba #4013), Ibn Hibban in his Tarikh from Abu Hurayra (Da’if, see Hawi 2:248 and Jami’ Saghir #7379-80), and Ibn „Asakir (1:298) and ad- Dinawari (in his al-Mujalasa) from Qatada. See Majma’ az-Zawa’id (10:63 #16675) of al-Haythami. Hadith Hasan. 10) From „Ubada ibn Samit: “The Abdāl in this community are thirty, their hearts like the heart of Ibrahim alayhis salam the Intimate of the All-Merciful. Whenever one of them dies, Allah substitutes another one in his place.” Imam Ahmad (5:322 #21689), Tabarani (M. Kabir), Ibn „Asakir in his Tarikh (1:292), Hakim at-Tirmidhi in his Nawadir (Asl #51), Ibn Kathir (Tafsir of Q2:251), Daylami (Firdaws, 5:232 #7714), Abu Nu‟aym in his Akhbar Asbahan (1:180), and al-Khallal in his Karamat al-Awliya’. Haythami (in his Majma’ az-Zawa’id 10:62 #16672), Suyuti (Jami’ as-Saghir #3032-33), Munawi, and others said it is Sahih. 11) Also from „Ubada: “The Abdāl in my community are thirty. By them, the earth is established (bihim taqum al-Ard), and by them you are sent rain, and by them you are granted help and victory.” Recorded by Tabarani in Mu’jam Kabir, Ibn „Asakir (1:277, 298), Bazzar, and others. Sahih according to Suyuti and Munawi, and Haythami (10:63 #16673) said he did not know one of the narrators, but the rest are of the Sahih. A similar hadith was also recorded by Tabarani in his Kabir (18:65) and Ibn „Asakir (1:290) on the authority of „Awf ibn Malik, which is sound (Hasan) according to Munawi, and thru Ibn Mas‟ud (M. Kabir 10:181 – also by Abu Nu‟aym in Hilya 4:173-74). Cf. Suyuti‟s Jami’ as-Saghir (#3034, “Hasan”). 12) Abu Hurayra said: “I entered upon the Messenger of Allah şallAllāhu álayhi wa sallam in the mosque, and he said to me, “O Abu Hurayra, in this hour, a man will walk through this door, who is one of the seven people of the world through whom Allah diverts punishment from the Earth‟s inhabitants.” Just then a Habashi (Ethiopian) entered in through that door. He was bald and maimed, and was carrying a container of water on his head. So he said, “O Abu Hurayra, that‟s him,” and then said to the man three times, “Welcome to Yasaar (other versions mention Hilal).” This man would sweep and clean the Mosque, and he was a servant of Mughira ibn Shu‟ba. Recorded by Hakim at-Tirmidhi in Nawadir (Asl #123) and Khatm al-Awliya (p. 443), Abu Nu‟aym in his Hilya (2:24, 81) and Ma’rifat as-Sahaba (5:2810 #3079), Ibn „Asakir in his Tarikh (3:200), Ruyani in his Musnad (3:335), Abu Muhammad al-Khallal in Karamat al-Awliya’, Ibn al-Athir in his Usd al-Ghaba (5:124), and others. See also: Ibn Hajar‟s Isaba fi Tamyiz as-Sahaba (6:550). 13) From Abu Qilaba: “There will never cease to be in my Ummah seven, and they will never ask Allah without Him answering them. By means of them, you are given rain, victory, and protection (from enemies, harm, etc…).” Recorded by Abdur-Razzaq in his Musannaf (11:250 #20457) and Ibn Abi Dunya (K.
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  • Foundations of Tasawwuf 2019

    Foundations of Tasawwuf 2019

    1 FOUNDATIONS OF TASAWWUF – 2020 Compiled by Shaykh Husain Abdul Sattar The following is a draft of notes presented at the Foundations of Tasawwuf seminar held annually at the Sacred Learning Center. These notes are accompanied by a series of audio lectures that are available under the Tasawwuf classroom at www.sacredlearning.org Of note, several of the hadith below are from “Haqiqat al-Tariqa min as-Sunnah al-Aniqa” [©Turath Publishing 2010]. PREFACE Adab (etiquette) is essential for seekers to maximize benefit from any gathering. Hence, before we begin, we should remind ourselves of one of the important etiquettes of sitting together. It is related on the authority of Ibn ‘Umar (Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of said, “Straighten the rows, line up the shoulders, fill in the empty spaces, don’t ﷺ Allah push against your neighbor, and don’t leave any space in between for shaytan.” [Abu Dawud] INTRODUCTION Tasawwuf is the Islamic discipline that focuses on the spiritual purification of the believer. It is a After erecting the kabah, the .ﷺ major branch of our din and was a defining function of the Prophet Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) made dua for a messenger that would serve multiple roles, including purifying the believers: َرﺑﱠﻨَﺎ َواﺑْﻌَ ْﺚ ﻓِ ِﯿﮭ ْﻢ َر ُﺳ ًﻮﻻ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﮭ ْﻢ ﯾَﺘْﻠُﻮ َﻋ َﻠ ِﯿْﮭ ْﻢ آﯾَﺎﺗِ َﻚ َوﯾُﻌَ ِﻠّ ُﻤ ُﮭ ُﻢ ْاﻟ ِﻜﺘَ َﺎب َو ْاﻟ ِﺤ ْﻜ َﻤﺔَ َوﯾُﺰَ ِّﻛ ِﯿﮭ ْﻢ ۚ إِﻧﱠ َﻚ أَ ْﻧ َﺖ ْاﻟﻌَ ِﺰ ُﯾﺰ ْاﻟ َﺤ ِﻜ ُﯿﻢ Our Lord, and raise up among them a messenger, from among themselves, who will recite to them Your revelations, and teach them the Book and wisdom, and spiritually purify them.