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Final Mercy.Indd Forty Hadith on Divine Mercy 1 CONTENTS PART ONE: MERCY, WHICH OUTSTRIPS I. Mercy ............................................ 9 II. The Heart and Intention .................15 III. Piety and Righteousness ...................22 IV. Forgiveness .........................................27 PART TWO: WRATH, WHICH IS OUTSTRIPPED V. Harm and Wrongdoing ...................31 VI. Bigotry and Takfir .................................36 VII. War ....................................................41 VIII. Corruption and Sedition .................45 2 3 INTRODUCTION Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and Peace and Blessings be upon His Messenger, the Prophet Muhammad, and upon his Family and Companions. The hadith, sometimes called traditions, are texts which relate the sayings and doings of the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace. In his famous book of forty hadith, Imam Nawawi (d. 676 A.H./1277 C.E.) relates that the Messenger of God said, “Whosoever commits to memory for my ummah (religious community) forty traditions concerning religion will be resurrected by God in the company of the jurists and the learned.” In other versions, it is said that the Prophet will be “an intercessor and witness” for such a person, or that they will be allowed 4 5 to enter Paradise from any gate they wish, composed books of forty traditions on or that “they shall be recorded amongst the a wide range of themes, such as jihad ranks of the jurists and resurrected in the (struggle), comportment (adab), or the company of the martyrs”. sacred sayings (hadith qudsi, or words of Now, the scholars of hadith are in the Prophet which quote God speaking, agreement that this tradition is weak, yet but are not part of the Quran and are not many of them have composed books of wahy or revelation). In a humble effort to forty traditions, the most famous of which be faithful to this tradition of collecting and is Imam Nawawi’s. In doing so, they have publishing forty traditions of the Prophet, based themselves on other more authentic this book takes as its theme the subject of hadith, such as, “Let he who is present pass divine mercy, which comes from God and on to the one who is absent, for indeed the manifests in His Prophet and His religion. one who is present may pass on to one who Each section quotes verses from the will pay greater heed than he,” (Sahih al- Quran, as the truths of the Quran give Bukhari no. 67, Kitab al-‘Ilm) and, “God the hadith meaning and substance. The prospers the man who hears what I say, verses are cited with chapter and verse takes heed of it, commits it to memory, and numbers, while the hadith citations refer passes it on. Indeed, it may be that he bears to the numbering system of The Sunna understanding to one whose understanding Project’s Encyclopaedia of Hadith, prepared is greater than his own.” (Sunan al-Tirmidhi in cooperation with the scholars of al- no. 2870, Kitab al-‘Ilm) Azhar, which includes Sahih al-Bukhari, The learned scholars of Islam have Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abu Dawud, Sunan 6 7 al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Nasa’i, Sunan Ibn PART ONE: MERCY, Majah, and Muwatta’ Malik. Generally WHICH OUTSTRIPS only the words of the Prophet are quoted, without the isnad or chain of transmission, I but for some hadith the context or questions Mercy posed to the Prophet are included. The Quran translations are based on Pickthall, with modifications. From reciting the Quran to sitting at table, Muslims begin their actions by saying Success comes only through God, In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the and all praise belongs to God. Merciful. This sacred formula, whose author is God, is based firstly on the supreme name Allah, then on the two names al-Rahman and al-Rahim, both of which derive from rahmah, or mercy, a word which can also mean love, kindness, and compassion. God did not chose two names of wrath (ghadab) or even a balance between mercy and wrath, because with God there is no balance between mercy and wrath. Even wrath, from a certain point of view, is a kind of mercy for the believer, because 8 9 it can purify his soul and help make him Lo! the mercy of God is nigh unto the virtuous. ready to enter Paradise. (al-A‘raf 7:56) Among the Quranic verses which relate to mercy and compassion are the following, Announce, (O Muhammad) unto My in which God Most High says: slaves that verily I am the Forgiving, the Compassionate. (al-Hijr 15:49) Say: Unto whom belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and the earth? Say: Unto Those who bear the Throne, and all whoare God. He hath prescribed for Himself mercy. round about it, hymn the praises of their (al-An‘am 6:12) Lord and believe in Him and ask forgiveness for those who believe (saying): Our Lord! Your Lord hath prescribed for Himself Thou comprehendest all things in mercy and mercy, that whoso of you doeth evil through knowledge, therefore forgive those who repent ignorance and repenteth afterward thereof and follow Thy way. Ward off from them the and doeth right, (for him) lo! He is Forgiving, punishment of hell. (Ghafir 40:7) Compassionate. (al-An‘am 6:54) And from the hadith of the Prophet, My mercy embraceth all things, therefore I may God bless him and grant him peace: shall ordain it for those who ward off (evil) and pay the poor- due, and those who believe “God says, Great and Glorious is He, ‘My Our revelations. (al-A‘raf 7:156) mercy outstrips my wrath.’” - Sahih Muslim no. 7146, Kitab al-Tawbah 10 11 “God is not merciful to one who is not He who is in heaven will be merciful to you. merciful to people.” Kinship ties are connecting branches from - Sahih al-Bukhari no. 7465, Kitab al-Tawhid the Merciful. Whoever maintains them will - Sahih Muslim no. 6170, Kitab al-Fada’il be maintained by God, and whoever cuts them will be cut off by God.” The Messenger of God kissed (his grandson) - Sunan al-Tirmidhi no. 2049, Kitab al-Birr wa’l-Silah Hasan, the son of ‘Ali, while Aqra‘ bin Habis al-Tamimi was sitting nearby. Aqra‘ said, “I ‘Aisha (the wife of the Prophet) said, “The have ten children and have not kissed any Messenger of God never struck anything of them.” The Messenger of God looked with his hand, neither woman nor servant. at him and said, “He who does not show He only did so while struggling in the mercy shall not be shown mercy.” path of God. Nor did he ever do harm to - Sahih al-Bukhari no. 6063, Kitab al-Adab a thing such as to take vengeance upon its owner. He only did so when God’s An old man came looking for the Prophet, sacred bounds were violated, and would and the people were slow in making way take vengeance for God, Great and Glorious for him, so the Prophet said, “He who is is He.” unkind to the young and disrespectful to - Sahih Muslim no. 6195, Kitab al-Fada’il the old is not one of us.” - Sunan al-Tirmidhi no. 2043, Kitab al-Birr wa’l-Silah “God made mercy one-hundred parts. He held back ninety-nine parts, and sent down “The merciful are shown mercy by the one part to earth. It is from that part that Merciful. Be merciful to those on earth, and 12 13 creatures show mercy to each other, such II that a mare will lift her hoof over her foal, The Heart and Intention fearing that she might harm him.” - Sahih al-Bukhari no. 6066, Kitab al-Adab “If the believer knew the punishment of The heart is the center of man, and God, he would never feel assured of His is the place where mercy descends from Garden, and if the unbeliever knew the God, and is the source from which man’s mercy of God, he would never despair of mercy then manifests in the world. It is His Garden.” the heart that findspeaceintheremembrance - Sahih Muslim no. 7155, Kitab al-Tawbah of God, and it is the heart into which the tranquility of God descends. Intention is inseparable from the heart, because the heart commands all the faculties of the human soul, and lives in the hereafter where we will experience the consequences of our intentions and actions in this life. Among the Quranic verses which relate to the heart and intention are the following, in which God Most High says: 14 15 And whosoever believeth in God, He guideth Is not the time ripe for the hearts of those his heart. And God is Knower of all things. who believe to submit to God’s reminder? (al- (al-Taghabun 64:11) Hadid 57:16) (The Day of Judgment is): The day when For indeed it is not the eyes that grow blind, wealth and sons avail not (any man), but it is the hearts, which are within the save him who bringeth unto God a whole bosoms, that grow blind. (al-Hajj 22:46) heart. (al-Shu‘ara’ 26:88-89) And from the hadith of the Prophet, Know that God cometh in between the man may God bless him and grant him peace: and his own heart, and that He it is unto Whom ye will be gathered. (al-Anfal 8:24) “Actions come only through intentions. Every man shall have what he intended. (God guides those): Who have believed and Whoever emigrates to attain something of whose hearts have rest in the remembrance of this world, or to marry a woman, emigrates God.
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