DOCSLIB.ORG

The Influence of Al-Sahihayn on Popular Hadith Literatures: the Case of Khazinah Al-Asrarjalilah Al-Adhkar

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Influence of Al-Sahihayn on Popular Hadith Literatures: the Case of Khazinah Al-Asrarjalilah Al-Adhkar GJAT | JUNE 2017 | VOL 7 ISSUE 1 | 29 ISSN : 2232-0474 | E-ISSN : 2232-0482 www.gjat.my The Influence of al-Sahihayn on Popular Hadith Literatures: The Case of Khazinah al-AsrarJalilah al-Adhkar Wahyu Hidayat Abdullah (Corresponding author) Faculty of Human Science, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Tanjong Malim, 35900 Perak, Malaysia Tel: +6019-5723122 E-mail: [email protected] Muhammad Mustaqim Mohd Zarif Faculty of Quranic and Sunnah Studies, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia Tel: +6017-2609522 E-mail: [email protected] Abd Hadi Borham Faculty of Human Science, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Tanjong Malim, 35900 Perak, Malaysia Tel: +6019-2564086 E-mail: [email protected] Azmil Hashim Faculty of Human Science, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Tanjong Malim, 35900 Perak, Malaysia Tel: +60193375119 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract its extensive methodology on succeeding hadith works, particularly in Southeast Asia. The compilations of authentic hadith by al- Bukhari (d. 870) and Muslim (d. 875) known Keywords: al-Sahihayn; Sahih al-Bukhari; collectively as al-Sahihayn serve for the Sunnis Sahih Muslim; Muhammad Haqqi al-Nazilli; as the second highest source of religion after the Malay World Quran. The stringent methods in hadith selection and appraisal in these books have contributed Introduction to their credibility and reliability as a primary religious source, and many succeeding works Although the recording of the hadith has started attempted to emulate them, though with varying since the lifetime of the Prophet (s.a.w), it results. Some popular hadith literatures have was not until a few centuries later that saw the also utilized al-Sahihayn as their main source proliferation of organized and canonical hadith of hadith quotation to enhance their status of collections. These hadith works, organized in acceptance, notwithstanding some compromises written form, aimed to present the corpus of and modifications. This is particularly the case the prophetic traditions in its purest form while with a 19th century hadith compilation known distinguishing other forms of traditions and as Khazinah al-Asrar Jalilah al-Adhkar by commentaries from the companions and their Muhammad Haqqi al-Nazilli (d. 1884). Thus, followers. Thus, for most of the scholars, the this paper aims to delve into this topic in third century of Hijrah was known as the golden further details. It attempts to analyze the role age of hadith; both in terms of the number of and influence of al-Sahihayn on Khazinah al- hadith scholars and narrators at that time and Asrar, the extent of compliance of its author the canonical works they produced (Abu Zahw, with the former, and the overall implication of 1984). This journal is a member of and subscribes to the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) GJAT | JUNE 2017 | VOL 7 ISSUE 1 | 30 ISSN : 2232-0474 | E-ISSN : 2232-0482 www.gjat.my More importantly, two most significant canonical usually more popular and widespread amongst hadith collections were also compiled in this the people though not necessarily authentic in period, namely the Sahihs by Muhammad ibn terms of the status of its hadith. Isma‘il al-Bukhari and Muslim ibn Hajjaj al- Qushayri. Collectively, their works are known In the case of Khazinah al-Asrar in particular, as al-Sahihayn and held by the Sunnis as the its author intended to produce a compilation second most authentic source of religion and law of authentic hadith on virtuous deeds relating after the Quran. The stringent methods in hadith to the Quran and its verses for the sake of its selection and appraisal in these books have teaching and practice. In doing so, he has also contributed to their credibility and reliability alluded to al-Sahihayn as a source and model as a primary religious source as testified by the of its composition albeit some modifications consensus of the Muslim scholars on the matter and compromises. Its popularity amongst the (Kamal, 2001). religious students in the 19th century cultural milieu of Mecca, particularly those from the The credential of al-Sahihayn as a storehouse of Malay World, has seen its use as their main authentic hadith has also attracted succeeding reference for hadith both in terms of teaching authors and scholars to quote hadith from these and producing subsequent religious works. books and emulate the methods employed in Therefore, utilizing al-Sahihayn is an effective hadith appraisal, though with varying results. For way to increase the reputation of a popular work instance, the Mustadrak ‘ala al-Sahihayn was by alluding to the authority of al-Bukhari and specially composed by al-Hakim al-Naysaburi Muslim and ensure its acceptance amongst (d. 1014) to compile hadith that he believed the scholarly circle as well. Examples of such to conform to the methods of acceptance in works include the collection of forty hadith al-Sahihayn. Nonetheless, al-Hakim’s own (Arba‘in) and Riyadh al-Salihin by Muhy al- understanding on the matter has led him to Din al-Nawawi (d. 1277), Mishkat al-Masabih also include numerous hadiths that are weak and by al-Tabrizi (d. 1341), Bulugh al-Maram min spurious, and this has invited criticism from the Adillah al-Ahkam by Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani (d. community of hadith scholars (M.Mustaqim, 1449), al-Fawa’id al-Bahiyyah fi al-Ahadith 2010). Other similar works include al-Ilzamat al-Nabawiyyah by Nur al-Din al-Raniri (d. by al-Dar al-Qutni (d. 995), al-Mustakhraj 1658), Khazinah al-Asrar Jalilah al-Adhkar by ‘ala al-Sahihayn by Abu Nu‘aym al-Isfahani Muhammad Haqqi al-Nazilli, and many others. (d. 1038) and many others (al-KhayrAbadi, 1999). These works are considered as primary Thus, it is the aim of this paper to delve into this references in the sense that the hadith contained topic in further details. It attempts to analyze the therein are accompanied by the chains of its role and influence ofal-Sahihayn on Khazinah transmission of its authors directly to the al-Asrar, the extent of compliance of its author Prophet. with the former and the overall implication of its eclectic methodology on succeeding hadith On the other hand, popular hadith literatures are works, particularly in Southeast Asia. also found to utilize al-Sahihayn as its source for hadith quotation and organization. Contrary Al-Sahihayn: An Overview of Its Method to the primary references, popular hadith works and Organization usually contain quotations of hadith in certain aspects of the religion from various sources. In the field of hadith studies, the term al- The focus is to present the text of the hadith Sahihayn is also used interchangeably with without mentioning its chain of transmission muttafaq ‘alayh and ma rawahu al-Shaykhan, for the sake of brevity. However, due to its that means, any tradition that is jointly narrated conciseness and practicality, these works are and agreed upon as sahih or authentic by both This journal is a member of and subscribes to the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) GJAT | JUNE 2017 | VOL 7 ISSUE 1 | 31 ISSN : 2232-0474 | E-ISSN : 2232-0482 www.gjat.my al-Bukhari and Muslim. It stands at the top of by al-Bukhari due to the uncertainty on the the hierarchy in terms of hadith authenticity and status of his hadith acquisition from his father. followed by traditions that are only narrated Muslim on the other hand, accepted the hadith either by al-Bukhari or Muslim individually, narrated by Suhayl upon verifying from various and subsequently other narrators and authors of sources that he had actually received the hadith the Four Books of Hadith (al-sunan al-arba‘ah) orally from his father, thus resolving the doubt (Hamid, 2001). According to al-Nawawi (2001), surrounding his status (al-Maqdisi, 1991). the scholars have collectively acknowledged al-Sahihayn as the most authentic source after In addition, it was the practice of al-Bukhari to the Quran, a decision that is also unanimously prefer hadith transmitted by first degree narrators agreed upon by the Muslim communities. known to profess the highest level of integrity There are many factors that contributed to due to their long period of studies with their the prestigious status of al-Sahihayn over teachers. On the other hand, Muslim accepted the mass corpus of hadith literatures. For the both the first and second degree narrators known purpose of this paper, only two main aspects to trustworthy as long as they have studied are highlighted, which are its criteria of hadith directly with their teachers regardless of the time selection and method of organization. spent (al-Hazimi, 1991). In a similar manner, al-Bukhari has also stipulated the need for the Regarding its criteria of hadith selection, it is narrators to have physically met and narrated important to note that in order for a hadith to be hadith from one another before their hadith can considered as authentic, it must meet the five be accepted, although Muslim is less stringent in stipulated criteria as follow: Firstly, its chain this aspect and accepted narrators who lived in of transmission (isnad) must be continuous the same period of time and had the opportunity from the narrator to the Prophet SAW without to meet one another (M.Mustaqim, 2010). any broken link. Secondly, all of its narrators From this, it is clear that the meticulous effort must be known as pious and trustworthy undertaken by al-Bukhari and Muslim to ensure (thiqah). Thirdly, they must also be credible the authenticity of hadith has surpassed the and consistent in their memory (dabt).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • In the Supreme Court of India Islamic Religious Text on Mosque
    IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NOS. 10866-10867 OF 2010 IN THE MATTER OF: - M. Siddiq (D) Thr. Lrs. …Appellant VERSUS Mahant Suresh Das & Ors. etc. etc. …Respondents AND OTHER CONNECTED CIVIL APPEALS ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS TEXT ON MOSQUE [ADDITION TO DR. RAJEEV DHAVAN, SENIOR ADVOCATE’S SUBMISSION ON REFERENCE TO A LARGER BENCH OF SOME ASPECTS IN ISMAIL FARUQUI’S CASE] PAPER BOOK (PLEASE SEE INDEX INSIDE) COMPILED BY:- EJAZ MAQBOOL, ADVOCATE FOR THE APPELLANTS INDEX S. NO. PARTICULARS PAGES 1. Note on Islamic Religious Text on Mosque. 1 - 12 2. Relevant excerpts of the Holy Quran. 13 – 24 1 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NOS. 10866-10867 OF 2010 IN THE MATTER OF: - M. Siddiq (D) Thr. Lrs. …Appellant VERSUS Mahant Suresh Das & Ors. etc. etc. …Respondents AND OTHER CONNECTED CIVIL APPEALS A. RELIGIOUS TEXT ON MOSQUE I. ESSENTIALITY AND IMPORTANCE OF MOSQUE IN ISLAM VERSES FROM HOLY QURAN: 1. Holy Quran Chapter 2 Surah Al Baqarah: Verse No.114 Who is more cruel than the one who prevents the mosques of Allah from His name being recited therein, and strives for their destruction? It was not for such men to enter them except in awe. For them there is disgrace in this world, and for them there is a mighty punishment in the other world. 2. Holy Quran Chapter 9 Surah Al Taubah: Verse No.18 In fact, the mosques of Allah are built-up only by those who believe in Allah and the Last Day and those who establish Salah and pay Zakah and who fear none but Allah.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Mercy.Indd
    Forty Hadith on Divine Mercy 1 CONTENTS PART ONE: MERCY, WHICH OUTSTRIPS I. Mercy ............................................ 9 II. The Heart and Intention .................15 III. Piety and Righteousness ...................22 IV. Forgiveness .........................................27 PART TWO: WRATH, WHICH IS OUTSTRIPPED V. Harm and Wrongdoing ...................31 VI. Bigotry and Takfir .................................36 VII. War ....................................................41 VIII. Corruption and Sedition .................45 2 3 INTRODUCTION Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and Peace and Blessings be upon His Messenger, the Prophet Muhammad, and upon his Family and Companions. The hadith, sometimes called traditions, are texts which relate the sayings and doings of the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace. In his famous book of forty hadith, Imam Nawawi (d. 676 A.H./1277 C.E.) relates that the Messenger of God said, “Whosoever commits to memory for my ummah (religious community) forty traditions concerning religion will be resurrected by God in the company of the jurists and the learned.” In other versions, it is said that the Prophet will be “an intercessor and witness” for such a person, or that they will be allowed 4 5 to enter Paradise from any gate they wish, composed books of forty traditions on or that “they shall be recorded amongst the a wide range of themes, such as jihad ranks of the jurists and resurrected in the (struggle), comportment (adab), or the company of the martyrs”. sacred sayings (hadith qudsi, or words of Now, the scholars of hadith are in the Prophet which quote God speaking, agreement that this tradition is weak, yet but are not part of the Quran and are not many of them have composed books of wahy or revelation).
    [Show full text]
  • Hadith Web Browser Verification Extension
    Hadith Web Browser Verification Extension Maged M. Eljazzar1, a), Mostafa Abdulhamid2, b), Mahmoud Mouneer3, c) and Ayman Salama4, d) 1Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt 2Cake Solutions Ltd, London, United Kingdom 3 Faculty of petroleum and mining engineering, Suez University, Suez, Egypt 4Computer Science Division, Crops for the Future, University of Nottingham Malaysia Camp us, Selangor, Malaysia a) [email protected] b) [email protected] c) [email protected] d) [email protected] Abstract. Internet users are more likely to ignore Internet content verification and more likely to share the content. When it comes to Islamic content, it is crucial to share and spread fake or inaccurate content. Even if the verification process of Islamic content is becoming easier every day, the Internet users generally ignore the verification step and jump into sharing the content. “How many clicks away from users’ results? ”, this is the common question that is considered as a rule in modern website design. Internet users prefer the results to come to their page rather than to navigate it on their own. This paper presents a simple method of bringing hadith verification to the user web browser using web browser plugin. Keywords—Hadith Verification, Web browser Extension, Islamic Internet Content. INTRODUCTION Islamic knowledge transformation from books to structured Information technology is imminent. Number of Muslims that are obtaining their Islamic knowledge and Fatwa from Internet is significantly increasing. Advanced Machine learning [1] and Text mining [2] technologies should be widely used to accommodate the digital transformation of Islamic knowledge. Studying Social Network users’ behaviour empowers the Islamic research tool to understand the Islamic data flow and to identify Internet threats on Islamic society.
    [Show full text]
  • Describing in the Most Beloved to God Almighty in the Sunnah) (An Objective Study
    Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology ISSN: 1007-6735 (Describing in the most beloved to God Almighty in the Sunnah) (An objective study) Dr. Shuaib HilalJassim Al-Hit University OfAnbar College of Islamic Sciences Department of Hadith and its Sciences 1441 AH 2020 AD Abstract In the name of God, and may blessings and peace be upon the Messenger of God and his family, companions and those who follow him. It is known that the best closeness to God Almighty is to work with Islamic sciences, especially if it is in the Sunnah of the Prophet, so the title was ((Describing in the most beloved to God Almighty in the Sunnah)),(Objective study(. So I collected all the hadiths related to the subject without the repetition, and studied the hadiths objectively, showing their graduation, validity, weakness, peculiarities, words related to them, and fr doctrinal issues. The nature of the research necessitated its division into an introduction and seven requirement: As for the introduction, it includes: the research topic, its importance, the reason for choosing it, its methodology, and its plan. As for the first requirement:The most beloved business or work, and it contains four hadiths. As for the second requirement: The most beloved prayer and fasting, and it contains one hadith. As for the third requirement: The most beloved speech, and it contains two hadiths. As for the fourth requirement: The most beloved people or servants, and it contains five hadiths. As for the fifth requirement: The most beloved the country and contain three hadiths. Volume 22, Issue 11, November - 2020 Page-1175 Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology ISSN: 1007-6735 As for the sixth requirement: The most beloved names and it contains one hadith.
    [Show full text]
  • Imam 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib
    Publicado en Al-Islam.org (https://www.al-islam.org) Inicio > Inquiries About Shi'a Islam > Imam ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib > Who are the Twelve Leaders? Imam ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib The Noble Qur’an and Prophet Muhammad specifically refer to the leadership of Imam ‘Ali after the Prophet in several incidents. Ghadir Khum This incident took place on the 18th of Dhul Hijjah, the twelfth month of theu Islamic calendar, and has been narrated by 110 companions of the Prophet, 84 members of the following generation (the tabi΄in), and 360 Muslim scholars from all schools of thought. Prophet Muhammad and approximately 114,000 of his companions had performed the farewell Hajj (pilgrimage) and were returning home. That year, during the Hajj, the weather was very hot with the blazing sun taking its toll on the pilgrims. When the Prophet arrived at Ghadir Khum, a marshland crossroads from which all the Muslims from different lands would part on their own ways, the Prophet stopped the caravan at noontime, and waited for those who were behind to arrive and called upon those who had gone ahead to return, for he had received a revelation from Allah which he had to deliver to the people. The revelation read, “O Messenger! Declare what has been revealed to you from Your Lord, and if you do not, then your mission will not have been fully declared, and Allah will protect you from the harm of the people.”1 Then the Prophet spoke a bit before asking the assembly whether he truly had authority over them or not.
    [Show full text]
  • The Network of Hadith Studies in Indonesia in the 17Th – 19Th Century
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 137 International Conference on Qur'an and Hadith Studies (ICQHS 2017) THE NETWORK OF HADITH STUDIES IN INDONESIA IN THE 17TH – 19TH CENTURY Umma Farida State Islamic Collage (STAIN) Kudus [email protected] Abdurrohman Kasdi State Islamic Collage (STAIN) Kudus [email protected] Abstract This article aims to explain the network of Indonesian Muslim scholar (ulama) regarding the hadith dissemination. However, this research used a historical approach based on Azra who tells about the welfare of Islamic kingdoms in international trading. It has given the opportunity to the Muslim to make the intellectual trip in the Middle East. The Haramayn becomes the center of hadith since the beginning of the Islamic year. It implicated in the spread of hadith studies in Indonesia which first appeared in the 17th century. The symbol of this period is Nur Ad-Din ar-Ranieri and Abd ar-Rauf as-Sinkili. Sufism is more popular than hadith study. This condition continued into the 19th century. Some Indonesian ulama Muhammad ibn Umar an-Nawawi Banten and Muhammad Mahfuz Termas gave their contribution to hadith studies, through teaching the hadith in Indonesia and the Middle East. They also wrote the hadith books. Keywords: The Network of Hadith, Ulama, Middle East, Trading, Isnad Introduction: The Relationship between Indonesian and Middle East Muslims Muslims in Indonesia have already had a good relationship with those from the Middle East since the early days of Islam. Muslim Merchant from Arab, Persia, and Indian invaded Indonesia not only for trading but also spread and introduce Islam to the resident (Pires, 1944, 182).
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Fact Sheets
    Islamic Factsheets Shiite beliefs & Practices explained These facts sheets have been taken from www.al‐islam.org/nutshell Title : Islamic Factsheets Published By : Ja’fari Propagation Centre 94, Asma Manzil, Room No. 10, Bazar Road, Opp. Khoja Masjid, Bandra (W), Mumbai – 400050. Tel.: 2642 5777. E‐mail: [email protected], jpconline.org Year : May 2013 List of Contents Did the Prophet (s.a.w.a.) Appoint a Successor? ............................... 4 Who are these Twelve Successors Of the Prophet (s.a.w.a.)? ........... 7 Why Follow the Family of the Prophet (s.a.w.a.)? ............................. 9 Why Shi’ah? ...................................................................................... 12 Rafidi Shi’ah narrators in Sahih al‐Bukhari ....................................... 15 Were All Companions Just and Truthful? ......................................... 18 Do the Shi’ah Believe in a Different Qur’an? ................................... 22 Why do the Shi’ah prostrate on Turbah? ......................................... 25 Why do the Shi’ah avoid Tarawih congregations? ........................... 28 Why do the Shi’ah Combine Prayers? .............................................. 31 A Sermon Without Dots .................................................................... 34 3 Did the Prophet (s.a.w.a.) Appoint a Successor? O Messenger, Proclaim what has been sent down to you from your Lord; and if you don’t do it, you have not delivered His Message (at all); and Allah will protect you from the people1 The Shi’ah believe that the proclamation mentioned by the Qur’anic verse was fulfilled by the Prophet (s.a.w.a.) when he appointed Imam ‘Ali bin Abi Talib (a.s.) as his successor on the day of Ghadir Khumm. What happened on the day of Ghadir Khumm? Ghadir Khumm is a location some miles from Makkah on the road to Madinah.
    [Show full text]
  • Masah Wiping Upon the Socks
    اﻟﺤﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺡﻤﺪ اﻟﺸﺎآﺮﻳﻦ، واﻟﺼﻼة و ا ﻟ ﺴّﻼم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﻌﻮث رﺡﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻦ، و ه ﺎ د ﻳ ﺎً ﻟﻠﻨﺎس أﺟﻤﻌﻴﻦ. ﺹﻼةً و ﺱ ﻼ ﻡ ﺎً داﺋﻤﻴﻦ إﻟﻰ ﻳﻮم اﻟﺪﻳﻦ، وﺁﻟﻪ وﺹﺤﺒﻪ وﻡﻦ ﺗﺒﻌﻬﻢ ﺏﺈﺡﺴﺎن، وﺱﻠﻢ ﺗ ﺴ ﻠ ﻴ ﻤ ﺎً آﺜﻴﺮاً، أﻡﺎ ﺏﻌﺪ: آﺎن ا ﻝ ﻨ ﺒ ﻰّ ﻓَ ﻤَ ﺴَ ﺢَ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺧُ ﻔﱠ ﻴْ ﻪِ وﺻَﻠﻰ (ﺹﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرى) (The Prophet did Masah upon his leather socks. Sahih Bukhari) Masah wiping upon the Socks Allah has stated in the Holy Qur’an: ‘O you who believe! When you rise for Salah (prayer), wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows, make Masah (wiping with hands) of your heads, and (wash) your feet including the ankles’. (Al Maidah s5, v6) In this verse of the Qur’an, Allah commands us to wash our feet. Therefore to perform Masah of the feet should not be permissible in any situation, on any socks. However, the permissibility of performing ‘Masah Alal is one (ﺡﺪﻳﺚ ﻡﺘﻮاﺗﺮ) Khuffain’ wipe over leather socks is proven from the Hadith Mutawatir. (Mutawatir Hadith which is reported by such a large number of Sahabah that this level of classification is second only to the Holy Qur’an. It is even more highly regarded than the Sahih Hadith). The enumerations of the narrations of the companions of the Prophet who relate Hadith in this regard is found to be in excess of 80. From Amongst these Sahabah , ten are found to be from the Asharah-e-Mubasharah and Khulafah Rashideen . (Nawawi Sharah Muslim, vol 1, p132/ Ta’leequl-Sabeh, vol 1, p243/ Naylul Awtaar, vol 1, p176) states: ‘I met 70 Companions who participated in the Battle of Badr, all of whom رﺡﻤﻪ اﷲ Al Hasan Basri believed in Masah alal Khuffain.’ (Fathul Bari, vol 1, p306/ Tahlkheesul-Habeer, vol 1, p158/ Bada’e us-Sana’e vol 1, p7) ,state: ‘From the signs that distinguish the Ahle Sunnat Wal Jamat رﺡﻤﻬﻤﺎ اﷲ Imam Abu Hanifa and Imam Malik there are 3 specific signs to mention.
    [Show full text]
  • The Correlation Between Nazi Ideology and Radical Islamic Theology in Jurisprudential Thought Johnny M. Sakr
    311 Sakr, The Philosophical Correlation 2017 THE CORRELATION BETWEEN NAZI IDEOLOGY AND RADICAL ISLAMIC THEOLOGY IN JURISPRUDENTIAL THOUGHT JOHNNY M. SAKR* ABSTRACT: The Nuremberg Trials were a sequence of trials during 1945 – 1949.1 In the course of these trials, 24 key Nazi leaders were charged with crimes against humanity. In defence, the Nazi leaders argued that they had simply followed orders of a superior and made decisions in accordance with the framework of their own legal system;2 this defence is labelled the ‘superior orders defence’.3 This defence was denied.4Interestingly, as an illustration of radical * LL.B., Grad. Dip. Legal Practice and LL.M., Adjunct Lecturer in Law, The University of Notre Dame Australia (Sydney). 1 Wolfgang Merkel and Sonja Grimm, War and Democratization: Legality, Legitimacy and Effectiveness (Routledge, 2013) 122. See also; Hasia Dinerm, We Remember with Reverence and Love: American Jews and the Myth of Silence After the Holocaust, 1945-1962 (NYU Press, 2009) 232; J. Martin Rochester, Between Peril and Promise: The Politics of International Law (CQ Press, 2011) 115 and Michael Robert Marrus, The End of the Holocaust (Walter de Gruyter, 1989) 583. 2 Nicholas Doman, 'The Nuremberg Trials Revisited' (1961) 47 American Bar Association Journal 263; John Kekes, The Roots of Evil (Cornell University Press, 2014) 91; Lawrence Raful, Herbert R. Reginbogin, and Christoph Safferling, The Nuremberg Trials: International Criminal Law Since 1945: 60th Anniversary International Conference (Walter de Gruyter, 2006) 33; John Rodden, Walls That Remain: Eastern and Western Germans Since Reunification (Routledge, 2016) 196; Guénaël Mettraux, Perspectives on the Nuremberg Trial (Oxford University Press, 2008) 527 and Hiromi Sato, The Execution of Illegal Orders and International Criminal Responsibility (Springer Science & Business Media, 2011) 149.
    [Show full text]
  • Poverty Revisited: Presenting Poverty the Normative Way
    Jurnal Syariah, Jil. 25, Bil. 1 (2017) 117-136 Shariah Journal, Vol. 25, No. 1 (2017) 117-136 POVERTY REVISITED: PRESENTING POVERTY THE NORMATIVE WAY Oluwaseun S. Saidu1 ABSTRACT This paper delves into the issue of poverty from the Islamic perspective. Particularly, the author aims to present the concept of poverty in the “normative” [as it ought to be] way and enquires whether concerns regarding poverty, or the state of poverty, is for Muslims a justified issue. In other words, are the absence of material supplies and wealth widely seen today in a negative light or is it the real or true poverty - as represented by the Qur’ān (Allah) and (Sunnah) His Messenger (PBUH) - really the poverty worth focusing on? Without adequately understanding what poverty is there cannot be effective solutions and interventions. Employing scriptural evidence vis-à-vis Islamic legal reasoning, we argue that normative poverty, in accordance with the Islamic tradition, is the real poverty and not material poverty. Keywords: normative poverty, true poverty, therapeutic antidote, spiritual emptiness, poverty fear, discontentment 1 Dr. Saidu, an alumnus of The University of Manchester is independent. He is involved in community service of human development as well as social welfare. His research interest amongst others is in the area of Islamic interpretation of social sciences. [email protected] 117 Jurnal Syariah, Jil. 25, Bil. 1 (2017) 117-136 INTRODUCTION Poverty appears to be the proverbial fear that grips all, making mankind focus mainly on worldly affairs and pay less attention to matters of the soul (i.e. remembrance of Allah).
    [Show full text]
  • Al-Kutub Al-Sittah, the Six Major Hadith Collections
    Contents Articles Al-Kutub al-Sittah 1 History of hadith 2 Muhammad al-Bukhari 7 Sahih Muslim 10 Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj Nishapuri 12 Al-Sunan al-Sughra 14 Al-Nasa'i 15 Sunan Abu Dawood 17 Abu Dawood 18 Sunan al-Tirmidhi 19 Tirmidhi 21 Sunan ibn Majah 22 Ibn Majah 23 Muwatta Imam Malik 25 Malik ibn Anas 28 Sunan al-Darimi 31 Al-Darimi 31 Sahih al-Bukhari 33 Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal 36 Ahmad ibn Hanbal 37 Shamaail Tirmidhi 41 Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah 42 Ibn Khuzaymah 43 Sahifah Hammam ibn Munabbih 44 Hammam ibn Munabbih 45 Musannaf ibn Jurayj 46 Musannaf of Abd al-Razzaq 46 ‘Abd ar-Razzaq as-San‘ani 47 Sahih Ibn Hibbaan 48 Al-Mustadrak alaa al-Sahihain 49 Hakim al-Nishaburi 51 A Great Collection of Fabricated Traditions 53 Abu'l-Faraj ibn al-Jawzi 54 Tahdhib al-Athar 60 Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari 61 Riyadh as-Saaliheen 66 Al-Nawawi 68 Masabih al-Sunnah 72 Al-Baghawi 73 Majma al-Zawa'id 74 Ali ibn Abu Bakr al-Haythami 75 Bulugh al-Maram 77 Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani 79 Kanz al-Ummal 81 Ali ibn Abd-al-Malik al-Hindi 83 Minhaj us Sawi 83 Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri 85 Muhammad ibn al Uthaymeen 98 Abd al-Aziz ibn Abd Allah ibn Baaz 102 Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani 107 Ibn Taymiyyah 110 Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya 118 Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 123 Abdul-Azeez ibn Abdullaah Aal ash-Shaikh 130 Abd ar-Rahman ibn Nasir as-Sa'di 132 Ibn Jurayj 134 Al-Dhahabi 136 Yusuf al-Qaradawi 138 Rashid Rida 155 Muhammad Abduh 157 Jamal-al-Din al-Afghani 160 Al-Suyuti 165 References Article Sources and Contributors 169 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 173 Article Licenses License 174 Al-Kutub al-Sittah 1 Al-Kutub al-Sittah Al-Kutub Al-Sittah) are collections of hadith by Islamic ;ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﻪ :The six major hadith collections (Arabic scholars who, approximately 200 years after Muhammad's death and by their own initiative, collected "hadith" attributed to Muhammad.
    [Show full text]
  • FINAL-The-Myth-Of-An-Antisemitic
    2 | The Myth of An Antisemitic Genocide In Muslim Scripture Author Biography Imam Omar Suleiman is the Founder and President of the Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research, and an Adjunct Professor of Islamic Studies in the Graduate Liberal Studies Program at Southern Methodist University. Dr. Nazir Khan is a physician, imam, and consultant for the Manitoba Islamic Association’s Fiqh (Religious Affairs) Committee. Justin Parrott has BAs in Physics, English from Otterbein University, MRes in Islamic Studies in progress from University of Wales, and is currently a Researcher at NYU in Abu Dhabi. Disclaimer: The views, opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in these papers and articles are strictly those of the authors. Furthermore, Yaqeen does not endorse any of the personal views of the authors on any platform. Our team is diverse on all fronts, allowing for constant, enriching dialogue that helps us produce high-quality research. Copyright © 2017. Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research 3 | The Myth of An Antisemitic Genocide In Muslim Scripture In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Grantor of Mercy How an apocalyptic tradition played into the hands of anti-Jewish and anti-Muslim hatemongers A Jordanian cleric visiting Canada recently misleadingly cited a hadith without ​ context or explanation, which rightly triggered condemnations from the Muslim community as well as numerous headlines around the world. A hadith is an oral ​ and can be incredibly ,ﷺ report transmitted from the Prophet Muhammad complex as one needs to evaluate all the chains of transmission of any statement recorded in a given hadith in order to arrive at an appropriate conclusion regarding ​ what it is actually about.
    [Show full text]