An Assessment of Current Training Ranges and Supporting Facilities in the U.S
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FINAL TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT: AN ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT TRAINING RANGES AND SUPPORTING FACILITIES IN THE U.S. PACIFIC COMMAND AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY Department of the Navy Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Pacific 258 Makalapa Drive, Suite 100 JBPHH HI 96860-3134 April 2012, Revised March 2013 This page is intentionally blank. FINAL TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT: AN ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT TRAINING RANGES AND SUPPORTING FACILITIES IN THE U.S. PACIFIC COMMAND AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY Prepared for: Department of the Navy Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Pacific 258 Makalapa Drive, Suite 100 JBPHH HI 96860-3134 Prepared by: AECOM Technical Services, Inc. 1001 Bishop Street, Suite 1600 Honolulu, HI 96813-3698 Under the TEC-AECOM Pacific Joint Venture April 2012, Revised March 2013 N62742-11-D-1801 Amd 01 Contract Task Order No. 002 This page is intentionally blank. April 2012 Executive Summary EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The objective of the Training Needs Assessment: An Assessment of Current Training Ranges and Supporting Facilities in the U.S. Pacific Command Area of Responsibility (Training Needs Assessment) is to identify and validate unfilled training requirements for units/commands assigned to the United States (U.S.) Pacific Command (PACOM) Area of Responsibility (AOR). Previous studies have identified training deficiencies within the PACOM AOR; this study confirmed that finding by compiling a list of 62 unfilled requirements. The Training Needs Assessment validates this list of unfilled requirements by assessing the current capabilities of existing ranges, training areas, and supporting facilities within the PACOM AOR, relative to their potential to fill each of the unfilled requirements. This is a technical report (i.e., "planning tool") that is intended to support the planning for potential training ranges and supporting facilities in the Pacific. It does not offer conclusions or recommendations. ES-1 BACKGROUND In 2009, the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) conducted the Department of Defense (DoD) Training in the Pacific Study (hereinafter IDA Study) to assess the DoD’s training needs, capacities, and options to mitigate gaps and exploit training opportunities in the PACOM AOR. The IDA Study examined training capabilities at ranges utilized by the DoD in the PACOM AOR and concluded that current training deficiencies exist, particularly in the Western Pacific. The IDA Study examined several potential solutions and concluded that the Mariana Islands’ strategic location in the PACOM AOR makes it a prime location to support forces throughout the AOR, particularly those forces on the Western rim who are more reliant on access to foreign nations’ training ranges and areas. To meet Service Component identified deficiencies, the IDA Study recommended that an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) be prepared to analyze the environmental impact of constructing new, or expanding existing training ranges and support facilities in the Mariana Islands. The DoD’s 2010 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) reiterated the important role of forward- stationed and forward-deployed U.S. presence in the Pacific due to the vast distances and low density of U.S. basing and infrastructure in the region. Consequently, the U.S. seeks to augment and adapt its Pacific presence. The QDR states that part of the Pacific posture adaptation will be supported by the transformation of Guam, the westernmost U.S. sovereign territory, into a primary location for security activities in the region. Based on the geographical areas identified in the IDA Study, and supported in the QDR, the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) provided funds to PACOM to conduct a study and subsequent National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) analysis to address training deficiencies. In August 2010, PACOM appointed Marine Corps Forces, Pacific (MARFORPAC) as the Executive Agent (EA) for the preparation of the planned DoD Training in the Pacific EIS. PACOM tasked the EA with developing and analyzing alternatives that provide capabilities to meet unfilled training requirements in the AOR for the PACOM Service Components: U.S. Pacific Fleet (PACFLT), U.S. Army Pacific (USARPAC), MARFORPAC, U.S. Air Forces Pacific (PACAF), and Special Operations Command Pacific (SOCPAC). Prior to initiating efforts under NEPA or Executive Order 12114: Environmental Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions, the EA prepared this Training Needs Assessment as a planning tool to assist FINAL ES-1 Training Needs Assessment: An Assessment of Current Training Ranges and Supporting Facilities in the U.S. Pacific Command Area of Responsibility April 2012 Executive Summary in defining the objectives and determining the purpose, need, and scope necessary to address the 62 unfilled training requirements identified by all Service Components for the PACOM AOR. ES-2 APPROACH OF ASSESSMENT REPORT The PACOM AOR encompasses about half of the earth’s surface, stretching from the west coast of the U.S. to the western border of India, and from Antarctica to the North Pole. To protect U.S. interests in this region, approximately one-fifth of total U.S. military strength is assigned to the region. To best identify and validate unfilled training requirements in the expansive PACOM AOR, four independent geographic areas representing the largest concentrations of U.S. forces and their associated training areas were identified. These four independent geographic areas, classified as “hubs” for the purpose of this study, are defined as a location with a concentration of units that meet or exceed battalion or squadron size. In addition to a concentration of units, a hub includes the associated Local Training Areas (LTAs) and Major Training Areas (MTAs) that are routinely used by the military stationed within these hub locations. An LTA is defined as a training area located in close proximity to the resident military personnel that supports frequent training for individual and small unit proficiency. In contrast, an MTA is used when collective live-fire training and maneuver training occurs and is typically separated from the LTA and the home station/base of the training unit. MTA training occurs less frequently than individual skills and small unit proficiency training in LTAs. As illustrated in Figure ES-1, this approach resulted in identifying the following four hubs in the PACOM AOR: Hawaii Japan Marianas Korea The assessment considered current and reasonably foreseeable force structure within the PACOM AOR. With the exception of the Marianas Hub, all hubs reflect forces in place, both permanently forward deployed and those on unit rotational deployment. Reserve and National Guard units, while not within the PACOM command structure, are included in order to provide a more comprehensive picture of potential training range users. While modifications to force posture are contemplated throughout the PACOM AOR, the hubs in this report depict areas with major U.S. forces. The Marianas Hub includes the planned presence of Marine Corps units projected to relocate from Okinawa to Guam, per the U.S. – Japan Roadmap for Realignment Implementation (United States – Japan Security Consultative Committee [SCC]). In addition, studied training ranges on Guam, envisioned to partially support training of the projected Marine Corps units on Guam, were included and assumed to be constructed in the near future. FINAL ES-2 Training Needs Assessment: An Assessment of Current Training Ranges and Supporting Facilities in the U.S. Pacific Command Area of Responsibility April 2012 Executive Summary Figure ES-1: U.S. Pacific Command (PACOM) Area of Responsibility (AOR) Hubs This document defines the 62 unfilled training requirements identified by the PACOM Services based on existing range and facility inventories. Design/size criteria for ranges or facilities to satisfy each unfilled requirement are provided. The assessment then reviewed the existing ranges and facilities in each hub to determine the obstacles to meeting the 62 unfilled requirements. This Training Needs Assessment is not an analysis of unit training or range/facility capacity, nor does it account for the potential of units to overcome deficiencies in available ranges and facilities through creative local training initiatives and/or participation in multi-lateral exercises; rather, this assessment attempts to validate and focus previous efforts to establish the purpose and need for training in this theatre and the possible scope of any future planning efforts. ES-3 U.S. PACOM HUBS Each hub possesses different operational capabilities, size of facilities, available opportunities, and possible constraints to facilitate and expand training opportunities. These are described below. ES-3.1 Hawaii Hub The Hawaii Hub includes major units from the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps based on Oahu. The units include two Army brigade combat teams of the 25th Infantry Division based at Schofield Barracks; Cruisers of Naval Surface Group Mid Pacific, three submarine squadrons, and a destroyer squadron homeported at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam (JBPHH); the Air Force’s 15th Wing with one fighter squadron, one air refueling squadron, and two airlift squadrons based at FINAL ES-3 Training Needs Assessment: An Assessment of Current Training Ranges and Supporting Facilities in the U.S. Pacific Command Area of Responsibility April 2012 Executive Summary JBPHH; and a Marine Corps infantry regiment and Marine Air Group at Marine Corps Base Hawaii (MCBH), Kaneohe Bay. There are numerous battalions