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Issue 96, 1st Quarter 2020 JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY ISSUE NINETY-SIX, 1 ISSUE NINETY-SIX, The Intellectual Edge and Future War ST st QUARTER 2020 DOD Labs for the 21 Century Megacities and the Joint Force Joint Force Quarterly Founded in 1993 • Vol. 96, 1st Quarter 2020 http://ndupress.ndu.edu GEN Mark A. Milley, USA, Publisher VADM Frederick J. Roegge, USN, President, NDU Editor in Chief Col William T. Eliason, USAF (Ret.), Ph.D. Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. Production Editor John J. Church, D.M.A. Internet Publications Editor Joanna E. Seich Copyeditor Andrea L. Connell Associate Editor Jack Godwin, Ph.D. Book Review Editor Brett Swaney Art Director Marco Marchegiani, U.S. Government Publishing Office Advisory Committee Ambassador Erica Barks-Ruggles/College of International Security Affairs; RDML Shoshana S. Chatfield, USN/U.S. Naval War College; Col Thomas J. Gordon, USMC/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; MG Lewis G. Irwin, USAR/Joint Forces Staff College; MG John S. Kem, USA/U.S. Army War College; Cassandra C. Lewis, Ph.D./College of Information and Cyberspace; LTG Michael D. Lundy, USA/U.S. Army Command and General Staff College; LtGen Daniel J. O’Donohue, USMC/The Joint Staff; Brig Gen Evan L. Pettus, USAF/Air Command and Staff College; RDML Cedric E. Pringle, USN/National War College; Brig Gen Kyle W. Robinson, USAF/Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy; Brig Gen Jeremy T. Sloane, USAF/Air War College; Col Blair J. Sokol, USMC/Marine Corps War College; Lt Gen Glen D. VanHerck, USAF/The Joint Staff Editorial Board Richard K. Betts/Columbia University; Eliot A. Cohen/The Johns Hopkins University; Richard L. DiNardo/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; Aaron L. Friedberg/Princeton University; Bryon Greenwald/Joint Forces Staff College; COL James E. Hayes, USA/National War College; Douglas N. Hime/Naval War College; Col Jerome M. Lynes, USMC (Ret.)/The Joint Staff; Kathleen Mahoney-Norris/Air Command and Staff College; Bert B. Tussing/U.S. Army War College Cover 2 images (top to bottom): Aviation structural mechanic 2nd class, assigned to Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron “Blue Angels,” communicates with other crew chiefs during morning turn operations, El Centro, California, January 6, 2020 (U.S. Navy/ Timothy Schumaker); Young officer and his wife sit at dock in San Diego, California, staring quietly at waiting aircraft carrier before he leaves for Korea, ca. 1950 (Courtesy Black Star/U.S. Information Agency/National Archives and Records Administration); Administrative clerk with Installation Personnel Administration Center, Marine Forces Reserve, performs ammo can lifts during combat fitness test, Marine Corps Support Facility New Orleans, December 14, 2018 (U.S. Marine Corps/Tessa D. Watts) About the Cover In This Issue U.S. Marine Corps Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Dialogue Nuclear Defense specialist 2 Letter to the Editor Private First Class James Fish, with Headquarters Company, Forum Headquarters Regiment, 1st Marine Logistics Group, conducts training 4 Executive Summary in Level A vapor protection suit 6 The Intellectual Edge: A during Dismount Recon Sets Competitive Advantage Kit and Outfits course on Camp Pendleton, California, June 13, 2017 for Future War and (U.S. Marine Corps/Evan Ahlin) Strategic Competition By Mick Ryan 12 Reconceiving Modern Warfare: A Unified Model By KC Reid 74 Adapting to Disruption: Aerial 129 The Future of Interagency Combat over North Vietnam Doctrine 22 Adapting for Victory: DOD By Robert G. Angevine By George E. Katsos Laboratories for the 21st Century By William T. Cooley, David J. 84 The Revival of Al Qaeda 132 Joint Doctrine Update Hahn, and John A. George By Jami T. Forbes 29 Beyond Auftragstaktik: 90 Frustrated Cargo: The U.S. Joint Force Quarterly is published by the National The Case Against Hyper- Army’s Limitations in Projecting Defense University Press for the Chairman of the Decentralized Command Force from Ship to Shore in Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman’s flagship joint military and security studies journal designed to By Trent J. Lythgoe an A2/AD Environment inform members of the U.S. Armed Forces, allies, and By Brian Molloy other partners on joint and integrated operations; national security policy and strategy; efforts to combat JPME Today terrorism; homeland security; and developments in training and joint professional military education to 37 Asking Strategic Questions: Recall transform America’s military and security apparatus A Primer for National 96 Attaining Maritime Superiority to meet tomorrow’s challenges better while protecting freedom today. All published articles have been vetted Security Professionals in an A2/AD Era: Lessons from through a peer-review process and cleared by the By Andrew Hill and Stephen J. Gerras the Battle of the Bismarck Sea Defense Office of Prepublication and Security Review. By Ben Ho NDU Press is the National Defense University’s 42 Clausewitz’s Wondrous cross-component, professional military and academic publishing house. Yet Paradoxical Trinity: Book Reviews The opinions, conclusions, and recommendations The Nature of War as a expressed or implied within are those of the Complex Adaptive System 105 Small Arms contributors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Defense or any other agency of Reviewed by Kira I. McFadden By Brian Cole the Federal Government. Copyright Notice 106 Japan Rearmed This is the official U.S. Department of Defense edition Commentary Reviewed by Nathaniel L. Moir of Joint Force Quarterly. Any copyrighted portions 50 A Blue-Collar Approach to of this journal may not be reproduced or extracted without permission of the copyright proprietors. JFQ Operational Analysis: A Special 107 White House Warriors should be acknowledged whenever material is quoted Operations Case Study Reviewed by Edward G. Salo from or based on its content. By Steven J. Hendrickson Submissions and Communications JFQ welcomes submission of scholarly, independent and Riley Post Joint Doctrine research from members of the Armed Forces, security policymakers and shapers, defense analysts, 58 The Bering Strait: An Arena 109 Failed Megacities and academic specialists, and civilians from the United the Joint Force States and abroad. Submit articles for consideration for Great Power Competition to ScholarOne, available at https://mc04. By Ryan Tice By Matthew N. Metzel, Todd J. manuscriptcentral.com/ndupress, or write to: McCubbin, Heidi B. Fouty, Ken Editor, Joint Force Quarterly G. Morris, John J. Gutierrez, NDU Press Features and John Lorenzen 300 Fifth Avenue (Building 62, Suite 212) Fort Lesley J. McNair 64 Peacemakers: Chaplains as 115 Harnessing Artificial Washington, DC 20319 Vital Links in the Peace Chain Intelligence and Autonomous Telephone: (202) 685-4220/DSN 325 By David R. Leonard Email: [email protected] Systems Across the JFQ online: ndupress.ndu.edu/jfq Seven Joint Functions 1st Quarter, January 2020 By Brian David Ray, Jeanne F. ISSN 1070-0692 Forgey, and Benjamin N. Mathias Marines with Combat Logistics Battalion 31, 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit, move simulated casualty to triage care during casualty evacuation exercise aboard amphibious assault ship USS Wasp, underway in Philippine Sea, June 12, 2019 (U.S. Marine Corps/Isaac Cantrell) environment presents unique constraints for those traditional partnerships. As the article mentions, the Expeditionary Fast Transports (EPFs) have been identified as a viable solution for movement and treat- ment of patients, and design concepts are under way. Forward Resuscitative Care. A great deal of analysis has been done that demon- strates the necessity of damage control surgery and forward resuscitative care as close to the point of injury as possible to increase survivability rates. Allowing greater distribution of Role II afloat both through the diffusion of Role II light ma- neuver in the fleet—as well as integration Letter of surgical capabilities on the EPFs to in- crease surgical capacity, while also holding and moving the patient—is key. Afloat Theater Hospitalization. The To the Editor: The article “Joint Inte- of the “golden hour” is no longer ability to maneuver and distribute over grative Solutions for Combat Casualty achievable in the future fight. The veloc- the significant distances of the Pacific Care in a Pacific War at Sea” by Dion ity-based capabilities that multidomain while providing accessable capacity and Moten, Bryan Teff, Michael Pyle, supremacy allows will not be granted in capability challenge the current construct Gerald Delk, and Randel Clark (JFQ a Great Power competition. Instead, a of USNS Mercy and Comfort hospital 94, 3rd Quarter 2019) is an insightful capacity-driven network challenging the ships. The evaluation found a need to piece that brings to light many issues traditional continuum of care must be have smaller, more agile vessels that that the Department of the Navy has developed. The evaluation demonstrated are able to be dynamically employed been diligently pursuing over the past 2 many opportunities to develop capabili- throughout the theater to support a years. In May 2018, the Chief of Naval ties to enable the warfighter. Some of the wider range of warfighting missions. The Operations directed a comprehensive key findings that the Navy is currently de- Navy is currently reviewing alternatives to review of Navy Medicine’s ability to veloping are first responder care, patient support the current and future demands. support the concepts
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