DOCSLIB.ORG

Sustainable Development, Ecological Complexity, and Environmental Values

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sustainable Development, Ecological Complexity, and Environmental Values Sustainable Development, Ecological Complexity, and Environmental Values EDITED DY Ignacio Ayestar3n a nd Miren Ona india Center for Basque Studies Current Research Series, No. 10 Sustainable Development, Ecological Complexity, and Environmental Values Edited by Ignacio Ayestarán and Miren Onaindia Current Research Series No. 10 Center for Basque Studies University of Nevada, Reno Published in conjunction with the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU f// Center for -:;_ Basque Studies Universidad Euskal Herriko 0 .. UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, RENO II del Pais Vasco Unibertsitatea Current Research Selections of the ongoing work done by the faculty of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), www.ehu.es Editorial Committee Amaia Maseda (Chair, UPV/EHU), Arantza Azpiroz (UPV/EHU), Javier Echeverría (UPV/EHU and Ikerbasque), Jon Landeta (UPV/EHU), Sandra Ott (UNR), Joseba Zulaika (UNR), Santos Zunzunegui (UPV/EHU) Current Research Series No. 10 Center for Basque Studies University of Nevada, Reno Reno, Nevada 89557 http://basque.unr.edu Copyright © 2013 by the Center for Basque Studies. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Cover and series design © 2013 by Jose Luis Agote. Cover design based on engravings by Eduardo Chillida and Jorge Oteiza. Translations by: introduction and chapter 2, Jennifer Martin; chapters 1, 10, and 13 Julie Waddington; chapter 3 and 4, Lauren DeAre; chapters 6 and 12, Laura Bunt-MacRury; chapters 7, 9, and 11, Jennifer Ottman Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sustainable development, ecological complexity, and environmental values / edited by Ignacio Ayestarán and Miren Onaindia. pages cm. -- (Current research series ; no. 10) “Published in conjunction with the University of the Basque Country.” Summary: “Collection of articles on sustainability in the Basque Country”- -Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-1-935709-35-0 (pbk.) 1. País Vasco (Spain)--Environmental conditions. 2. Pays Basque (France)- -Environmental conditions. 3. Sustainability--Spain--País Vasco. 4. Sustainability--France--Pays Basque. 5. Sustainable development--Spain-- País Vasco. 6. Sustainable development--France--Pays Basque. I. Ayestarán, Ignacio. II. Onaindia, Miren. III. University of Nevada, Reno. Center for Basque Studies. IV. Universidad del País Vasco. GE160.S7S87 2013 338.946’607--dc23 2013005092 Contents Introduction—Ignacio Ayestarán and Miren Onaindia.................. 7 1. An Evaluation of Ecosystem Services as a Base for the Sustainable Management of a Region............................................... 9 Miren Onaindia and Gloria Rodríguez-Loinaz Te University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) 2. An Evaluation of Millennium Ecosystems from the Basque Country . 19 Igone Palacios, Izaskun Casado-Arzuaga Te University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Iosu Madariaga, Te University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Environmental Department of Bizkaia Xabier Arana Environmental Department of Bizkaia 3. Climate Change: Activities of the EOLO Group at the University of the Basque Country.............................. 35 Agustín Ezcurra, Jon Sáenz, and Gabriel Ibarra-Berastegi Te University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) 4. Te Environmental Value of the Karstic Landscape of the Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve: Te Asnarre Promontory (Bizkaia) . 49 Arantza Aranburu, Laura Damas-Mollá, Patxi García-Garmilla, Iñaki Yusta, M. Arriolabengoa, Peru Iridoy Te University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Eneko Iriarte University of Cantabria 5. Recent Environmental Transformation of the Bilbao Estuary: Natural and Anthropogenic Processes................................ 61 Alejandro Cearreta, Mª. Jesús Irabien Te University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Eduardo Leorri East Carolina University 6 Contents 6. Te Landscape of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country: Te Evolution of Forest Systems . 79 Lorena Peña and Ibone Amezaga Te University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) 7. Critical Teories of Sustainable Development........................ 97 Eguzki Urteaga Te University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) 8. Bases for the Transition toward a Sustainable Economy............. 111 Roberto Bermejo, David Hoyos Te University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Eneko Garmendia Basque Centre For Climate Change (BC3) 9. Environmental Values, the Epistemology of Complex Problems, and Postnormal Science in the Face of Global Change.............. 127 Ignacio Ayestarán Te University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) 10. Science, Gender, and Sustainable Development...................... 143 Teresa Nuño Angós Te University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) 11. Environmental Education as Training: A Case Study at the University of the Basque Country.............................. 161 Araitz Uskola Ibarluzea Te University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) 12. Social Values and Sustainable Practices among Basque Inshore Fishermen . 179 Pío Pérez Aldasoro Te University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) 13. Sustainable Development and the Values of Well-Being and Globalization............................................................ 195 Eduardo Rubio Ardanaz Te University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Juan Antonio Rubio-Ardanaz University of Extremadura Xiao Fang Lu Xun Center for Chinese Studies Index.......................................................................... 211 List of Contributors .......................................................... 223 Introduction Ignacio Ayestarán and Miren Onaindia Te University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) In 1987, the World Commission on Environment and Development (bet- ter known as the Brundtland Commission) published its famous report Our Common Future, in which, for the frst time, the concept of sustainable devel- opment was internationally defned as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In 2007, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) published the assessment report Global Environment Outlook: Envi- ronment for Development (GEO-4), to determine how our planet had changed afer two decades of concern over sustainable development. According to the UNEP, the world has radically changed on a social, economic, and environ- mental scale since 1987: the world population grew from 5 billion to 7 billion people, trade is nearly three times greater, and the average per capita income increased by almost 40 percent. But it did so unequally and with broad mar- gins of environmental degradation of ecosystems within several indicators (water management; loss of biodiversity; urban development and popula- tion; climate change of anthropogenic origin; agrarian, livestock, and fshing overexploitation; among others). Te degradation of ecosystem services may considerably worsen on the planet during the frst half of this century, accord- ing to the United Nations’ reports on Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Tis would be a major obstacle in achieving the Millennium Development Goals of reducing poverty, hunger, and diseases, for which environmental sustain- ability is fundamental. On the global scale, changes have clearly accelerated across the entire planet. From a global point of view, ecological and social sustainability are two facets of the same changing reality. On the one hand, social sustainabil- ity depends on ecological sustainability: If we continue degrading nature’s capacity to produce the ecosystems’ services (water fltration, climate stabili- zation, etc.) and resources (food, materials), both individuals and nations will be afected by growing pressures and increasing conficts, as well as by threats to public health and personal safety. On the other hand, ecological sustain- 8 Sustainable Development, Ecological Complexity ability depends on social sustainability: With a growing population living in a social system that does not make the fulfllment of its needs possible, it is increasingly difcult to protect the natural environment. Te forests are felled for agriculture, the pastures are overexploited, the aquifers degraded, the riv- ers and seas overused, although some of nature may be conserved in small reserve areas or natural parks. In addition, human behavior and the social dynamic ofen lie at the heart of social and ecological problems. It must be, therefore, assumed that there will not be sustainable development if sustain- able societies do not frst exist. A sustainable society has the challenge of developing human capital in the areas of education, health, job creation, and innovation. Tis process has ethical implications both in the areas of transgenerational solidarity (with future generations) and intragenerational solidarity (with current genera- tions from the most disadvantaged places), as well as on issues related to gen- der equality and opportunities in a complex and global world. It is within this context that the present text is meant to be a contri- bution toward sustainability, integrating diferent thematic issues related to sustainable development in its threefold consideration (economic, social, and environmental). Because reality always appears to us as a complex and transdisciplinary connection, the present efort is part of a multidisciplinary approach that includes methodology, knowledge and the complexity of values. 1 An Evaluation of Ecosystem Services as a Base for the Sustainable Management of a Region Miren Onaindia and Gloria Rodríguez-Loinaz Te University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Ecosystems constitute a natural capital that needs
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 04 Uribe Kosta In.Pdf
    © Author: Xabier Sáenz de Gorbea • Editor: General Office of Turist Promotion • Design and photographs: Sonia Rueda • Printing: Flash Composition S.L. • Legal deposit: BI-2701-07 1. Jose Ramón Carrera (1935) “The Footprint of a Basque Soldier” (c. 1980) 2. Jose Ramón Carrera (1935) “Irune” (c. 1980) 3. José Luis Pequeño (1941) Untitled (1979-1980) 4. Xabier Egaña (1943) Untitled (1986) 5. Higinio Basterra (1876-1957) “Charity” (1914) 6. Achille Canessa (1856-1905) Pantheon of the Sabino de Arriaga family and the Ereñozaga brothers 7. Higinio Basterra (1876-1957) Pantheon in the cemetery at Plentzia 8. Moisés de Huerta (1881-1962) Monument to Enrique Areilza (1926) 9. Ibon Garagarza (1975) “Ibilbide” (Footpath) (2002) 10. José Ramón Anda (1949) “Belak” (Sails) (2000-2001) 11. Néstor Basterretxea (1924) Monument to Txakoli (2007) 12. Javier Bengoa (1953) Askada Viewpoint (2004) 13. Néstor Basterretxea (1924) “Matxitxakoko Guda” (The Battle of Matxitxako) (2007) 14. Jesús Lizaso (1961) “Amatxo” (Mother) (2002) 15. Ángel Garraza (1951) “Stele to Lauaxeta” (2005) 16. Alex Mosterín (1973) “Over the Sea” (2003), “Lauaxeta” (2005) 17. Ángel Garraza (1950) Untitled (1992) 4. URIBE KOSTA The community of Uribe Kosta is made up of the munic- ipalities of Berango, Sopela, Barrika, Urdúliz, Plentzia, Gorliz and Lemoiz, to which Laukiz and Mungia are added, since they have historically formed part of the same territorial entity. The itinerary of artistic works is extensive, like the territory they stand in. A large and diverse structure, between the sea and the interior. The artists represented in this region are Basque, with the exception of the Italian Achille Canessa (1856-1905).
    [Show full text]
  • Flexible Emission Fees
    TemaNord 2012:511 TemaNord Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K www.norden.org Flexible emission fees An incentive for driving sustainable production and consumption Flexible emission fees An incentive for driving sustainable production and consumption This report explores the urgent question of how to transition to a green economy. If the price of pollution becomes the same as the price to not pollute, i.e. the investment required for a non-polluting solution, could market forces be harnessed to create a totally green economy? Would the consumer lead the way if pollution fees were simply credited into everyone’s account? Would economic growth and technical develop- ment forge ahead? Taking the flexible fee mechanism proposed by Höglund as a starting point, the report examines the academic litera- ture and presents the results of a workshop where leading Swedish economists and environmentalists examine the issues involved in price discovery mechanisms and call for further developments in this field. TemaNord 2012:511 ISBN 978-92-893-2335-2 2012511-Omslag-kor.indd 1 28-03-2012 11:38:40 Flexible emission fees An incentive for driving sustainable production and consumption Magnus Enell TemaNord 2012:511 Flexible emission fees An incentive for driving sustainable production and consumption Magnus Enell TemaNord 2012:511 ISBN 978-92-893-2335-2 http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/TN2012-511 © Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen Print: Kailow Express ApS Copies: 250 Cover photo: Image Select Printed in Denmark This publication has been published with financial support by the Nordic Council of Ministers. However, the contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views, policies or rec- ommendations of the Nordic Council of Ministers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Porter Hypothesis at 20: Can Environmental Regulation Enhance Innovation and Competitiveness? Stefan Ambec*, Mark A
    2 The Porter Hypothesis at 20: Can Environmental Regulation Enhance Innovation and Competitiveness? Stefan Ambec*, Mark A. Coheny, Stewart Elgiez, and Paul Lanoie§ Introduction Some twenty years ago, Harvard Business School economist and strategy professor Michael Porter challenged the conventional wisdom about the impact of environmental regulation on business by arguing that well-designed regulation could actually increase competitiveness: “Strict environmental regulations do not inevitably hinder competitive advantage against rivals; indeed, they often enhance it” (Porter 1991, 168). Until that time, the traditional view of environmental regulation, held by virtually all economists, was that requiring firms to reduce an externality like pollution necessarily restricted their options and thus by definition reduced their profits. After all, if profitable opportunities existed to reduce pollution, profit-maximizing firms would already be taking advantage of them. Over the past twenty years, much has been written about what has since become known simply as the Porter Hypothesis. Yet even today, we continue to find conflicting evidence concerning the Porter Hypothesis, alternative theories that might explain the Porter Hypothesis, and oftentimes a misunderstanding of what it does and does not say. This article reviews the key theoretical foundations and empirical evidence to date concern- ing the Porter Hypothesis and identifies research challenges and opportunities concerning the links between environmental regulation, innovation, and competitiveness. Such a careful exam- ination of both the theory and the empirical evidence can yield some useful insights for the *Senior researcher, Toulouse School of Economics (INRA-LERNA), and visiting professor, University of Gothenburg; e-mail: [email protected]. yProfessor of management and law, Vanderbilt University, and university professor, Resources for the Future; e-mail: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Trade Integration and the Polarisation of Eco-Labelling Strategies Vera Danilina
    Trade Integration and the Polarisation of Eco-Labelling Strategies Vera Danilina To cite this version: Vera Danilina. Trade Integration and the Polarisation of Eco-Labelling Strategies. 2017. halshs- 01556484 HAL Id: halshs-01556484 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01556484 Preprint submitted on 5 Jul 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Working Papers / Documents de travail Trade Integration and the Polarisation of Eco-Labelling Strategies Vera Danilina WP 2017 - Nr 25 Trade Integration and the Polarisation of Eco-Labelling Strategies* Vera Danilinay Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, EHESS, Centrale Marseille, AMSE July 5, 2017 Abstract Growing ecological concerns give rise to salient discussions of green policy impact within different social sciences domains. This research studies the outcomes of voluntary environmental labelling in autarky and upon trade in- tegration in the presence of two types of heterogeneity, across countries and across producers. It investigates the impact of the two main types of eco- labels - multiple-criteria-based programmes (ISO Type I) and self-declared environmental claims (ISO Type II), both of which are simultaneously in- troduced due to the environmental concerns of consumers. The model illus- trates the polarisation of eco-labels when the least productive firms tend to avoid green strategies, lower-middle productive and the most efficient firms are incentivized to greenwash, and the upper-middle productive firms choose trustful programmes.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Sprawl UITP : If We Divide Density ( Hab/Sq Km) by 3, Then
    London, 20st September 2007 Instituto de Estudios Territoriales de Bizkaia Diputación Foral de Bizkaia (Bizkaia County Council) Created in 1987 -Land Planning -Transport -Urban planning… Bizkaia 1.140.026 inhab. 111 municipalities.(92<10.000h.) 2.117 Km2. 538,52 hab/Km2 Bilbao: 367.929 inhb. Metropolitan Bilbao 1 mill. inhab ( aprox) 1.771 inhab/km2 Bizkaia -Services, third sector -Bancs (BBVA) -Electricity (Iberdrola) -Port of Bilbao:29 mill Tm./año -ACB, Arcelor new generation steel factory -Technology Park -European Software Institute -Bilbao Exhibition Centre -Airport: 4 mill. de pax/year. What is sustainability? Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs Sustainability: Basic principles -intergenerational equity: we haven´t inherited our father´s world but rented our children´s. -intragenerational equity: social justice, all people currently alive have an equal right to benefit from the use of resources. -transfrontier responsibility:sustainibility in one region cannot be achieved at the expense of environmental conditions elsewhere. Basic principles -the public trust doctrine: places a duty on the estate to hold environmental resources in trust for the benefit of the public. -precautionary principle:lack of full certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponning cost effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. Basic principles -subsidiarity principle: decissions should be made by the communities affected,or, on their behalf, by the
    [Show full text]
  • The Bay of Bizkaia Plentzia Aizkorri / La Salvaje / Gorrondatxe Aixerrota Sopela Barinatxe Windmill Ibarbengoa Bidezabal
    SAN JUAN DE GAZTELUGATXE THE BAY OF BIZKAIA PLENTZIA AIZKORRI / LA SALVAJE / GORRONDATXE AIXERROTA SOPELA BARINATXE WINDMILL IBARBENGOA BIDEZABAL ALGORTA CARRETERA A LA GALEA FISHERMEN´S AIBOA GUILD BIZKAIA NEGURI i GETXO BRIDGE BILBAO GOBELA AIRPORT AREETA i 34 SANTURTZI P KABIEZES PEÑOTA Line 2 Line 1 PORTUGALETE ABATXOLO BILBAO THE SALAZAR TOWER ANSIO ZIENTOETXE BEC CASCO VIEJO BILBAO EXHIBITION CENTRE SAN MAMÉS P E INDAUTXU Ñ ABANDO A MOYUA D E GUGGENHEIM BILBAO S A TXE N ZIENTOE TA M A R IN A M AR T IT U R R I GABRIEL RAMOS URANGA N A G P A CARRETERA A LA GALEA GUST D I A M 32 A M VO ADOLFO BÉCQUER RI A UR R TIT T R I A T M U R R L I E THE BAY OF BIZKAIA 4 G N . A 33 DA AV GOÑI IBARBENGOA A VDA. ANGEL A ARRIGUNAGA ORMAZA A MARÍA AIXERROT PLENTZIA-SOPELACR. SANT A FERRY VDA. ANGEL B ALTUBE A ALTUBE J N BIDEZABAL A A D G A TA BIDEZABAL D AR ANDENE E L A R R GETXO IG U N A BILBAO G SANTANDER A OLLARRETXE TELLETXE M U E L L E D E A L G TA O 7 T R 27 E P L T AVDA. ALGOR A RETXONDO L AVDA. DE SALSIDU A E HARRA ZA U T T X R VDA. DE SALSIDU E A PO IDAD ZIERBENA 26 AR C 31 E ALGORTA 25 EN 29 RR TO 28 T 3 M U E L AMEZTI TELLETXE L E D HERRIA E E R E A 12 G P A ASEO SARDINERA EUSKAL 22 ILUNBE A URIMENDI S T P O P EREAGA P 21 MONTAÑO O 30 i H C 2 3 MENDIGANE E S U S O 23 VDA.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrorismo Y Nacionalización En Euskadi: El Caso De La Margen Izquierda
    ESTUDIOS VASCOS Terrorismo y nacionalización en Euskadi: el caso de la margen izquierda Terrorism and nationalisation in the Basque Country: the case of the Left Bank of the Estuary of Bilbao. Raúl López Romo* RESUMEN Este artículo analiza la influencia del terrorismo sobre los procesos de naciona- LABURPENA lización. Se aplica la lente sobre un área concreta del País Vasco: la comarca de ABSTRACT la margen izquierda de la ría del Nervión. El miedo ha sido un ingrediente fun- damental del proceso político en la Euskadi de las últimas décadas. El terrorismo (sobre todo el de ETA, por su magnitud) ha sido un factor clave de desnacionali- zación española. Allí donde sus enemigos ideológicos constituían una alternativa política y social, ETA se aplicó con particular saña para eliminarlos. Artikulu honek terrorismoak nazionalizazio-prozesuetan izan duen eragina aztertzen du. Ikuspegia Euskal Herriko gune jakin batean jartzen da: Nerbioi itsasadarraren ezkerraldeko eskualdea. Beldurra prozesu politikoaren funtsezko osagaia izan da azken hamarkadetako Euskadin. Terrorismoa (batez ere ETArena, bere garrantziarengatik) desnazionalizazio espainiarraren funtsezko faktorea izan da. Bere etsai politikoek alternatiba politiko eta soziala eratzen zuten lekuetan, ETAk amorru bereziz jardun zuen haiek ezabatzeko. This article analyzes the influence of terrorism on nation-building. Our case study deals with the Basque Country and more specifically with the left bank of the Es- tuary of Bilbao. Fear has been a very important ingredient of the political process in the Basque Country over the last decades. Terrorism (and, most of all, the one of ETA, because of its magnitude) has been a key factor in the so-called Spanish denationalization.
    [Show full text]
  • Induced Innovation in Clean Energy Technologies from Foreign Environmental Policy Stringency?*
    Induced Innovation in Clean Energy Technologies from Foreign Environmental Policy Stringency?* Kyle S. Herman1* and Jun Xiang 1 University College London, Global Governance Institute * Correspondence: [email protected] *Final accepted version published in Technological Forecasting and Social Change Abstract: : In this paper, we re-conceptualize the meaning of policy-induced innovations in clean technologies by taking a cross-border approach. Previously, empirical research has shown how domestic climate and environmental policies induce firms in the same country to innovate in clean and environmental technologies. This phenomenon has become known as the Porter Hypothesis. However, most research focuses strictly on domestic inducement effects and, if foreign effects are accounted for, they are assumed to be either “knowledge” or “technology” spillovers. We, however, propose that policy spillovers might also induce innovations in other countries. In order to test this hypothesis, we construct a “foreign” environmental policy stringency proxy. This proxy is used as the main explanatory variable, with the outcome variable clean technologies, defined here as all renewable energy technologies as well as electrical energy storage, because these technologies are predominantly defined within the scope of climate and environmental policies as necessary to combat climate change and set forth as paramount to stemming pollutant causing climate change in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change founding documents. Our results show that foreign environmental policy stringency does, indeed, induce clean-technology innovation at home, but this effect varies with different lag structures in our three models. Keywords: dynamic innovation; ITC; cross-border climate policy; CCMTs; Environmental Technologies; Porter Hypothesis; UNFCCC; World Bank; ETS 1 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Los Últimos Boteros De La Ría De Bilbao: Entre El Puente De Rontegi
    Los últimos boteros de la Ría de Bilbao: entre el Puente de Rontegi y el Puente Colgante (The last ferrymen on the Estuary of Bilbao: between the Rontegi Bridge and the Suspension Bridge of Portugalete) Matés Luque, José M. Eusko Ikaskunt za. Pº Uribitarte, 10, bajo. 48009 Bilbao Recep.: 14.12.2009 BIBLID [1137-439X (2010), 33; 159-179] Acep.: 28.05.2010 Este trabajo pretende conocer el modo de vida y la visión que los actuales y últimos boteros de la Ría de Bilbao tienen de su trabajo. Para ello se elaboró un cuestionario para conocer varios aspectos de su actividad, de las embarcaciones que utilizan así como de otros aspectos vinculados a esta actividad centenaria. Palabras Clave: Boteros. Gasolinos. Lancha. Barca. Ría de Bilbao. Portugalete. Erandio. Lan honen bitartez, Bilboko it sasadarreko egungo eta azken ont zizainen bizimodua ezagutu nahi da, eta haiek beren lanaz duten ikuspegia. Horretarako, galdera sorta bat eratu zen, haien jar- duera, haien ont ziak eta mende askotako jarduera horri dagozkion beste alderdi bat zuk ezagut zeko. Gilt za-Hit zak: Ont zizainak. Gasolinoak. Batela. Txalupa. Bilboko it sasadarra. Portugalete. Erandio. Ce travail essaie de connaître le mode de vie et la vision que les actuels et derniers « boteros » (patrons de canot) de la Ría de Bilbao ont de leur travail. Pour cela on a confectionné un question- naire pour connaître les différent s aspect s de leur activité, les embarcations qu’ils utilisent ainsi que d’autres aspect s liés à cette activité centenaire. Mot s Clés : Boteros (Patrons de canot). “Gasolinos”. Bateau.
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Culturescape: Territory As Context
    Sustainable Tourism VIII 237 INDUSTRIAL CULTURESCAPE: TERRITORY AS CONTEXT ANA SCHMIDT Provincial Government of Biscay, Spain National University of Distance Education (UNED), Spain ABSTRACT The European Landscape Convention has contributed to understanding landscape as an important component of collective well-being and highlighted the need to manage the entire territory as a landscape. The Nervion estuary, Abra Bay and mining area deserve to be considered an urban cultural landscape, because of their heritage value and singular beauty. The landscape of the Nervion and Abra has developed over time, above all, throughout the period of industrialisation. Restoring the industrial heritage landscape, such as the old mining railways, may bring the existing cultural landscape closer to the environment of the people who live in these areas. This study categorises the heritage elements and traces of the Orconera mining railway, in order to understand the current landscape and determine a proposal for action to preserve them and restore the mining railway line as a green infrastructure. In this case, preservation as a sustainable landscape means proposing a new use for it as cultural landscape and tourism. Although industrialisation has had a serious impact on the development of the whole Bilbao metropolitan area, the mining-industrial heritage includes sites that are somewhat unexplored and overlooked by urban policies. Keywords: cultural landscape, cultural tourism, industrial cultural heritage, industrial tourism, mining railways. 1 INTRODUCTION In the study we carried out on the Nervion Estuary, its banks, the Abra Bay and the mining area within the Greater Metropolitan Area of Bilbao, we found a landscape that rightfully comes under the description of cultural landscape, as per this definition in the 1992 UNESCO Convention on Cultural and Natural Heritage.
    [Show full text]
  • ENGLISH 2016 Is Located on the Right Bank of the Mouth of the Estuary of Bilbao, 13 Km
    United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Vizcaya Bridge inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2006 ENGLISH 2016 www.getxo.eus/tourism is located on the right bank of the mouth of the estuary of Bilbao, 13 km. from the capital, and consists of five core areas: Andra Mari, Algorta, Las Arenas, Neguri and Romo. It is easy to reach to Getxo, as it has excellent communications and enjoys a privileged setting. A few minutes away from Bilbao’s International airport, direct access to the motorway network for travelling by car (A- 8), its direct link to the heart of Bilbao by metro (six stations) and the fact that it is home to the seaboard gateway to Euskadi (the Basque Country) for cruise liners and El Abra marina, all mean that Getxo is the ideal place for your next holiday break. BAKIO MUNDAKA Cover photographs: La Galea cliffs, Bizkaia Bridge, Old port, A stroll past the great mansions La Galea La Galea Getxo’s main natural attractions include its beaches, some in urban areas and others in more unspoilt settings, its impressive cliffs and its various coastal walks. Getxo Aquarium, located in the El Abra-Getxo Marina, offers visitors a unique opportunity to discover the secrets of the sea, with coral reefs, tropical fish and a whole world of surprising beauty and diversity. The rock strata exposed at the Gorrondatxe-Aizkorri beach are world-renowned as a site for research into the Lutetian geological era, and have been awarded “golden spike” status as a site of unique stratigraphic interest.
    [Show full text]
  • Testing Porter's Hypothesis: a Stochastic Frontier Panel Data Analysis of Dutch Horticulture
    Testing Porter's Hypothesis: A Stochastic Frontier Panel Data Analysis of Dutch Horticulture Arno van der Vlist, Cees Withagen, and Henk Folmer Paper prepared for presentation at the XIth Congress of the EAAE (European Association of Agricultural Economists), 'The Future of Rural Europe in the Global Agri-Food System', Copenhagen, Denmark, August 24-27, 2005 Copyright 2005 by Arno van der Vlist, Cees Withagen, and Henk Folmer. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. TESTING PORTER'S HYPOTHESIS: A STOCHASTIC FRONTIER PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF DUTCH HORTICULTURE Abstract: We propose a test of the Porter hypothesis for the Dutch horticulture sector, using a stochastic production frontier analysis allowing for an inclusion of policy variables to account for the effect of environmental policy of firm performance. We find considerable heterogeneity in the way firms react to environmental policy measures. Our estimation results indicate, for example, that a 1997 voluntary agreement covering energy, nutrient and pesticides use enhances technical efficiency of vegetable and plants growers, contrary to specialised flower growers. Specialised flower growers, however, did react to the 1993 multi-year agreement on energy reduction, contrary to vegetable and plant growers. Summarising, our findings are mixed but do not seem to reject the anecdotal evidence mentioned by Porter and Van der Linde (1995b) that Dutch horticulture firms’ performance increased due to increased environmental stringency. JEL codes: D24, Q12, Q50 Keywords: firm performance, environmental stringency, technical efficiency 1. Introduction Environmental economists schooled in the neoclassical tradition are tempted to assume that environmental policy endangers the competitiveness of (domestic) firms compared to (foreign) competitors that are not subject to such policy.
    [Show full text]