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Research on Ecological Water Cycle and Purification in Rural Landscapetake Zhangjia Village Ecological Wastewater Treatment Project in Henan Province As an Example

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Research on Ecological Water Cycle and Purification in Rural Landscapetake Zhangjia Village Ecological Wastewater Treatment Project in Henan Province As an Example Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering A9 (2020) 188-203 doi:10.17265/2162-5298/2020.05.006 D DAVID PUBLISHING Research on Ecological Water Cycle and Purification in Rural LandscapeTake Zhangjia Village Ecological Wastewater Treatment Project in Henan Province as an Example Mengmeng Li1, Mei Yang1,2, Min Zhang3 and Tao Xu2 1. Department of Art, Xi’ an Jiaotong University, Xi’ an 710049, China 2. Department of Landscape Architecture, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago IL 60616, US 3. Department of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Haerbin 150040, China Abstract: Rural landscape is not only a natural landscape, but also a cultural landscape. The improvement of rural environment in Lushi County is carried out under the background of “Building Beautiful Villages”. Through the plan of environmental improvement, the appearance of villages in rural areas will be significantly improved, and the gap between urban and rural areas will be shortened. This research addresses the problems of scarce water resources, imperfect rainwater collection facilities, and increased environmental pollution in rural areas, and explores a flexible, effective, and integrated landscape ecological water treatment system that integrates with natural ecosystems. The practice has shown that the flexible combination of different technical measures according to local conditions and the construction of ecological water self-circulation and self-purification systems can reduce maintenance costs and achieve sustainable landscape. The virtuous cycle of the revetment’s micro-ecology greatly improves the environmental carrying capacity of the landscape. Reasonable water management system is more flexible in dealing with unexpected problems. The thesis proposes landscape design strategies for water circulation and water purification in rural areas, and applies them to actual design cases. It attempts to introduce a combined treatment system to achieve a more diverse landscape concept and further explore the healthy and sustainable development of rural water environment. Key words: Landscape water, ecological water cycle, ecological water purification, Zhangjia Village, Henan Province. Fund:This paper is supported by the Social Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province in 2020: A Study on the Conservation of Houliu Ancient Town in Southern Shaanxi Based on Self-organization Theory. 1. Introduction integration; technology demonstration and popular science education base; targeted poverty alleviation According to the goals and requirements of the and other ideas”. The ultimate goals of this project are Lushi County Environmental Protection Bureau, “realizing tourism development in the future, considering the long-term economic development and ecological agriculture construction, popular science agricultural development of Zhangjia Village, this education activities, and solving the income project of domestic sewage treatment facilities generation of poor households, etc”. At the end of includes many concepts. They include “the integration 2018, Lushi County held a meeting to emphasize the of mountains, waters, forests, fields and lakes; urgency of rural environmental governance. Based on eco-tourism and eco-agriculture; water and fertilizer this, the project of Zhangjiacun Sewage Plant Exhibition Area in cooperation with environmental Corresponding author: Mei Yang, Ph.D., Professor, research field: cultural landscape protection. protection companies came into being [1-4]. Research on Ecological Water Cycle and Purification in Rural LandscapeTake Zhangjia Village 189 Ecological Wastewater Treatment Project in Henan Province as an Example Fig. 1 Site location. Diagram by the authors (2019). Terrain Traffic Fig. 2 Analysis of regional location. Diagram by the authors with Google Earth (2019). flatland extends from the town to the north and south sides. The height of the mountain peak on the north side of the river valley is 900 m, and 700-900 m on the south side. The project is located at the red dot mark (Fig. 2). The traffic texture is clearly defined and easily accessible. It is close to G59 Hubei Expressway and G209 County Road. The site is located at the gateway of Zhana gjia Village, Fig. 3 Dong’s house. and to the north is the residence of the villager Dong Picture by the authors (2019). Family (Fig. 3). The distance between the boundary of 2. Project Analysis the planning area and the residential house is small, only 1 m, and the design should pay attention to the 2.1 Regional Location plant enclosure. The site is undeveloped land, and The project is located in Zhangjia Village, Sanmenxia plants grow naturally. The west side is connected with City, Henan Province, China. Sanmenxia is a a seasonal river bed (Buyu River), and the east side is prefecture-level city and located in the westernmost mountainous, with sufficient sunlight. On the east side part of Henan Province (Fig. 1). The terrain is mainly of the 7-meter-wide road, there is a large flow of composed of middle mountains, low mountains, hills people and vehicles, and the main entrance, image and valley basins. Assuming that the downtown of Lushi node and parking lot should be considered on the side County has a 0 relative elevation, and the river valley near the main road. 190 Research on Ecological Water Cycle and Purification in Rural LandscapeTake Zhangjia Village Ecological Wastewater Treatment Project in Henan Province as an Example Site Google Map Fig. 4 Terrain. Picture by the authors (2019). Bamboo fence Bamboo forest Fig. 5 Rich bamboo resources. Pictures by the authors (2019). According to CAD (Computer Aided Design) Some villages are directly named “Bamboo Village”. topographic survey drawings and on-site investigation, Bamboo fences can be seen everywhere in the local the maximum height difference within the red line is courtyard (Fig. 5). The trees on the site include 5 m, and the site is relatively flat. The height purple-leaved plums, peach trees, Ailanthus altissima, difference is located at the junction of the vehicle poplar, and arborvitae. The shrubs include Artemisia road and the site, which is a small cliff. The values annua and Motherwort [9]. within the site do not fluctuate much, and the average The current sewage collection pipe network is is 706 m. The elevation of the road is 710 m. The shown in Fig. 6. The manhole cover is printed with elevation of residential buildings on the north side is the words “City of Swan” and “Rain”. Open the cover, 707 m, the elevation of the open space on the south and some plastic garbage and impurities float in the side is 706 m, and on the west side of the Buyu River reservoir below. At present, there is a ditch at the is 705 m (Fig. 4). entrance of each household to collect domestic sewage. When constructing the site, local materials should The top of the ditch is covered with a cement cover, be considered and selected to preserve the local flavor and the sewage is directly discharged outside the [5-8]. Elements such as red brick houses, Heluo village without treatment. In new design, an culture, tiles, walnuts and wood should be included in underground pipe network will be laid, and the pipe the design plan. Bamboo is widely planted in the local network will be connected to each household to area, and bamboo forests can be seen everywhere. achieve a high collection rates [10-13]. Research on Ecological Water Cycle and Purification in Rural LandscapeTake Zhangjia Village 191 Ecological Wastewater Treatment Project in Henan Province as an Example Rainwater collection manhole cover Sewage ditches Fig. 6 Old pipe network. Pictures by the authors (2019). 2.2 Design Goals Second, build a demonstration sewage treatment park for peers to visit and recreation space for local In response to the new rural construction and rural residents [22]. The landscape design implements the revitalization policies, the Lushi County concept of ecological water purification, and the Environmental Protection Bureau initiated treated sewage is used as the landscape water source. comprehensive environmental remediation of the The self-circulation and self-purification are achieved Lushi County sewage treatment, and planed a 30-ton through comprehensive treatment methods. Landscape sewage treatment station with a land area of 8 acres architects, architectural designers, and environmental (approximately 5,333 square meters), including an protection engineers work together to implement the 800 square meter sun room. Environmental protection concept of ecological sustainability throughout[23], enterprises provide early-stage pipe network design allowing visitors to appreciate the beauty of the and sewage treatment technologies, and landscape display park and understand the process of architects are responsible for the design of landscape purification technology operations. In the future, it plans in the exhibition area [14, 15]. will become a leisure viewing space for the nearby First, achieve comprehensive treatment of rural villagers and play a demonstration role for other domestic sewage [16-18]. The pipe network is similar projects [24-28]. designed to collect domestic sewage which was discharged at random before, and the design uses the 3. Technical Support newly built 30-ton domestic sewage treatment station As a demonstration project, the partner of the for purification treatment. The quality of the treated environmental protection company has provided water is better than the Class A standard of important support in the preliminary
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