Generating and Testing Hypotheses About the Fossil Record of Insect
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5.Characterization of an Insecticidal Protein from Withania Somnifera.Pdf
Molecular Biotechnology https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-018-0070-y ORIGINAL PAPER Characterization of an Insecticidal Protein from Withania somnifera Against Lepidopteran and Hemipteran Pest Blessan Santhosh George1 · S. Silambarasan2 · K. Senthil2 · John Prasanth Jacob2 · Modhumita Ghosh Dasgupta1 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with wide array of functions including plant defense against pathogens and insect pests. In the present study, a putative mannose-binding lectin (WsMBP1) of 1124 bp was isolated from leaves of Withania somnifera. The gene was expressed in E. coli, and the recombinant WsMBP1 with a predicted molecular weight of 31 kDa was tested for its insecticidal properties against Hyblaea puera (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) and Probergrothius sanguinolens (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae). Delay in growth and metamorphosis, decreased larval body mass and increased mortality was recorded in recombinant WsMBP1-fed larvae. Histological studies on the midgut of lectin-treated insects showed disrupted and difused secretory cells surrounding the gut lumen in larvae of H. puera and P. sanguinolens, implicating its role in disruption of the digestive process and nutrient assimilation in the studied insect pests. The present study indicates that WsMBP1 can act as a potential gene resource in future transformation programs for incorporating insect pest tolerance in susceptible plant genotypes. Keywords Insecticidal lectin · Mannose binding · Secretory cells · Teak defoliator Introduction and sugar-containing substances, without altering covalent structure of any glycosyl ligands. They possess two or more Plants possess complex defense mechanisms to counter carbohydrate-binding sites [27] and display an enormous attacks by pathogens and parasites, ranging from viruses diversity in their sequence, biological activity and mono- or to animal predators. -
Environment Southwest: Africa the Central Namib Desert 'Iext and Photographs by David K
Environment Southwest: Africa The Central Namib Desert 'Iext and photographs by David K. Faulkner Department of Entomology San Diego Natural History Museum All deserts are the same. All deserts are different. 'TWoseemingly contradic- tory statements, yet to a certain extent both are correct. In early 1988 I was given the opportunity to discover just how similar and different a desert in southwestern Africa, the Namib, was from xeric regions of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. From January to March, during the southern hemisphere's summer months, areas of the central Namib Desert were scale researched by an international group of I I entomologists from South Africa, west- ern Europe, and North America. The primary reason for choosing Namibia BOTSWANA was to study its unique insect fauna, especially the Neuroptera-nerve-winged insects-which attain a high degree of endemism and diversity in this part of the African subcontinent. Atlantic Ocean Extending 1,250 miles south from Angola to the Olifants River of South Africa's northern Cape Province, the Namib Desert is one ofthe driest regions CAPE PROVIDENCE on earth. It lies between the south Atlan- tic Ocean to the west and what is termed the great western escarpment to the east, averaging 125 miles in width. The east- Map inset shows the western Namibian desert of the African subcontinent. ern boundary is also delineated by the Tile Namib Desert Research Institute is located at Gobabeb. 3.9- inch rainfall line which increases to the east and is almost nonexistent along the western coast. the Benguela Current, which developed than permanent. -
New Paleobotanical Data on the Portuguese Pennsylvanian (Douro Carboniferous Basin, NW Portugal)
Versão online: http://www.lneg.pt/iedt/unidades/16/paginas/26/30/185 Comunicações Geológicas (2014) 101, Especial I, 409-414 IX CNG/2º CoGePLiP, Porto 2014 ISSN: 0873-948X; e-ISSN: 1647-581X New paleobotanical data on the Portuguese Pennsylvanian (Douro Carboniferous Basin, NW Portugal) Novos dados paleobotânicos do Pensilvaniano português (Bacia Carbonífera do Douro, NW Portugal) P. Correia1*, Z. Šimůnek2, J. Pšenička3, A. A. Sá4,5, R. Domingos6, A. Carneiro7, D. Flores1,7 Artigo Curto Short Article © 2014 LNEG – Laboratório Nacional de Geologia e Energia IP Abstract: This paper describes nine new macrofloral taxa from 1. Introduction Douro Carboniferous Basin (lower Gzhelian) of Portugal. The plant assemblage is mainly composed by pteridophylls (Sphenopteriss The fossil flora of Carboniferous of Portugal is still little arberi Kidston, Sphenopteris fayoli Zeiller, Sphenopteris tenuis known. The new megafloral occurrences recently found in Schenk, Odontopteris schlotheimii Brongniart), sphenopsids the Upper Pennsylvanian strata of Douro Carboniferous (Annularia spicata Gutbier, Stellotheca robusta (Feistmantel) Basin (DCB) provide new and important data about Surange and Prakash, Calamostachys grandis Zeiller (Jongmans) and Calamostachys calathifera Sterzel) besides the gymnosperm paleobotanical richness and diversity of the Paleozoic Cordaites foliolatus Grand`Eury. The new data provide a better floras of Portugal offering more information to previous understating of the knowledge of Late Carboniferous floras of researches reported from diverse localities and by different Portugal, showing the high plant diversity of Gzhelian floras, when authors (e.g. Wenceslau de Lima, Bernardino António considerable changes in paleogeography and climate dynamics are Gomes, Carlos Ribeiro, Carríngton da Costa, Carlos evidenced in Euramerican floristic assemblages. -
South Africa's Coalfields — a 2014 Perspective
International Journal of Coal Geology 132 (2014) 170–254 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Coal Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijcoalgeo South Africa's coalfields — A 2014 perspective P. John Hancox a,⁎,AnnetteE.Götzb,c a University of the Witwatersrand, School of Geosciences and Evolutionary Studies Institute, Private Bag 3, 2050 Wits, South Africa b University of Pretoria, Department of Geology, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa c Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation article info abstract Article history: For well over a century and a half coal has played a vital role in South Africa's economy and currently bituminous Received 7 April 2014 coal is the primary energy source for domestic electricity generation, as well as being the feedstock for the Received in revised form 22 June 2014 production of a substantial percentage of the country's liquid fuels. It furthermore provides a considerable source Accepted 22 June 2014 of foreign revenue from exports. Available online 28 June 2014 Based on geographic considerations, and variations in the sedimentation, origin, formation, distribution and quality of the coals, 19 coalfields are generally recognised in South Africa. This paper provides an updated review Keywords: Gondwana coal of their exploration and exploitation histories, general geology, coal seam nomenclature and coal qualities. With- Permian in the various coalfields autocyclic variability is the norm rather than the exception, whereas allocyclic variability Triassic is much less so, and allows for the correlation of genetically related sequences. During the mid-Jurassic break up Coalfield of Gondwana most of the coal-bearing successions were intruded by dolerite. -
The Fossil Flora and Age of the Wamsutta Red Beds (Middle
Document generated on 10/01/2021 10:12 p.m. Atlantic Geology Journal of the Atlantic Geoscience Society Revue de la Société Géoscientifique de l'Atlantique The fossil flora and age of the Wamsutta red beds (Middle Pennsylvanian), Narragansett Basin, southeastern Massachusetts, USA and correlation with the Cumberland Group of the Maritime Provinces of Canada Paul C. Lyons and Robert G. Sproule Volume 54, 2018 Article abstract New collections of plant macrofossils provide a precise Middle Pennsylvanian URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1055420ar age for the lower Wamsutta Formation red beds of the Narragansett Basin, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2018.011 southeastern Massachusetts, USA. The Wamsutta assemblage indicates strong correlation with the Cumberland Group of the Maritimes Provinces of Canada, See table of contents which was earlier considered to be of late Langsettian to early Duckmantian age. This correlation is supported by the presence in the Wamsutta Formation of the following plant-fossil species: Neuralethopteris schlehanii, Neuropteris Publisher(s) obliqua, Senftenbergia plumosa, Calamites suckowii, Annularia asteris, Annularia cf. microphylla,Asterophyllites charaeformis, Asterophyllites Atlantic Geoscience Society grandis, Asterophyllites lindleyanus, Sphenophyllum cuneifolium, and Sphenopteris valida. Moreover, the new fossil flora resembles the Middle ISSN Pennsylvanian florules of western Europe, such as the Laveineopteris loshii Subzone. The new flora is especially similar to those of the Iberian Peninsula, 0843-5561 (print) where there is a complete succession of Carboniferous macrofloral zones, and 1718-7885 (digital) this similarity confirms a late Langsettian or early Duckmantian age for the lower Wamsutta macroflora. The new collections of Wamsutta Formation Explore this journal plant fossils, along with a smaller existing collection, represent the oldest known macroflora in the Narragansett Basin. -
References (The Literature Survey Was Completed in the Spring of 1995)
References (The literature survey was completed in the Spring of 1995) Abdullah MAR, Abulfatih HA (1995) Predation of Acacia seeds by bruchid beetles and its relation to altitudinal gradient in south-western Saudi Arabia. J Arid Environ 29:99- 105 Abramsky Z, Pinshow B (1989) Changes in foraging effort in two gerbil species with habitat type and intra- and interspecific activity. Oikos 56:43-53 Abramsky Z, Rosenzweig ML, Pins how BP, Brown JS, Kotler BP, Mitchell WA (1990) Habitat selection: an experimental field test with two gerbil species. Ecology 71:2358-2369 Abramsky Z, Shachak M, Subrach A, Brand S, Alfia H (1992) Predator-prey relationships: rodent-snail interaction in the Central Negev Desert ofIsrael. Oikos 65:128-133 Abushama FT (1972) The repugnatorial gland of the grasshopper Poecilocerus hiero glyphicus (Klug). J Entomol Ser A Gen EntomoI47:95-100 Abushama FT (1984) Epigeal insects. In: Cloudsley-Thompson JL (ed) Sahara desert (Key environments). Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 129-144 Alexander AJ (1958) On the stridulation of scorpions. Behaviour 12:339-352 Alexander AJ (1960) A note on the evolution of stridulation within the family Scorpioni dae. Proc Zool Soc Lond 133:391-399 Alexander RD (1974) The evolution of social behaviour. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 5:325-383 AlthoffDM, Thompson IN (1994) The effects of tail autotomy on survivorship and body growth of Uta stansburiana under conditions of high mortality. Oecologia 100:250- 255 Applin DG, Cloudsley-Thompson JL, Constantinou C (1987) Molecular and physiological mechanisms in chronobiology - their manifestations in the desert ecosystem. J Arid Environ 13:187-197 Arnold EN (1984) Evolutionary aspects of tail shedding in lizards and their relatives. -
FOLIAR MORPHOLOGY and ANATOMY of the GIGANTOPTERID PLANT DELNORTEA ABBOTTIAE, from the LOWER PERMIAN of WEST Texasl
Arner. J. Bot. 75(9): 1409-1433. 1988. FOLIAR MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF THE GIGANTOPTERID PLANT DELNORTEA ABBOTTIAE, FROM THE LOWER PERMIAN OF WEST TEXASl SERGIUS H. MAMAY,2 JOHN M. MILLER,3 DAVID M. ROHR,4 AND WILLIAM E. STEIN, JR.5 'Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560; 'Department of Botany, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331; 4Department ofGeology, SuI Ross State University, Alpine, Texas 79832; and 'Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 ABSTRACT Delnortea is a monotypic genus (type-species: D. abbottiae) ofLower Permian gymnosperms based on leaves from uppermost Leonardian deltaic sediments exposed in the Del Norte Moun tains, West Texas. The leaves are simple, symmetrical, mostly oblong or elliptical, and vary in length from 1.2 to about 35 ern. The petioles are short and stout, with a basally enlarged abscission zone. The margins are crenate, with a narrow, indurated border. Venation is in 4 orders: the secondaries and tertiaries are robust, unbranched, and pinnately arranged in a precise "herringbone" pattern, with the secondaries ending in the marginal sinuses; the quaternaries divide sparingly and fuse with others to form a dense reticulum ofsmall meshes. Permineralized petiole and midrib material reflects a bifacial cambium, shown by a semicircular vascular arc, irregularly divided into several collateral bundles with secondary xylem and phloem. Delnortea is referable to the Gigantopteridaceae, a probably artificial family of gymnosperms incertae sedis with important venation features in common, but without known diagnostic reproductive organs. With Delnortea. the North American gigantopterids now include 5 genera, but Gigan topteris itselfis lacking. -
Adam Jmartinez
DAM ARTINEZ Johannes Gutenberg University A J. M Department of Evolutionary Ecology *USA Citizen Organismic and Molecular Evolution (706)-612-0682 Johann Joachim Becher Weg 13 [email protected] 55128 Mainz, Germany www.adamjmartinez.com EDUCATION Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Entomology University of Georgia, 2015 Bachelor of Science (BSc) Biology Oregon State University, 2009 PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 2015 – Present PI & Research Fellow – German Research Foundation (DFG) Until Sept. 2018 Project Title: The evolution of symbioses in firebugs Johannes Gutenberg University – Mainz, Germany Department of Evolutionary Ecology (Lab PI: Dr. Martin Kaltenpoth) Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolution 2009 – 2015 PhD Research and Teaching Assistantship Project Title: Pea aphids, parasitoids, and protective symbionts: examining sources of variation in a host-parasitoid-microbe interaction University of Georgia – Athens, Georgia Department of Entomology (Lab PI: Dr. Kerry M. Oliver) 2007 – 2009 Undergraduate Curatorial Assistant / NSF Sponsored REU Project Titles: Carabid beetles of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest / High-resolution imaging and online catalog of North American cicadas Oregon State University – Corvallis, Oregon Oregon State Arthropod Collection (PI: Dr. Christopher J. Marshall) 2007 – 2009 Biology 21X Undergraduate Lab Prep Assistant Oregon State University – Corvallis, Oregon Department of Biology (Supervisor Dr. Deborah L. Clark) RELEVANT SKILLS Insect identification and rearing • QIIME2 microbial community analysis • -
A Physiologically Explicit Morphospace for Tracheid-Based Water Transport in Modern and Extinct Seed Plants
A Physiologically Explicit Morphospace for Tracheid-based Water Transport in Modern and Extinct Seed Plants The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Wilson, Jonathan P., and Andrew H. Knoll. 2010. A physiologically explicit morphospace for tracheid-based water transport in modern and extinct seed plants. Paleobiology 36(2): 335-355. Published Version doi:10.1666/08071.1 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4795216 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP Wilson - 1 A Physiologically Explicit Morphospace for Tracheid-Based Water Transport in Modern and Extinct Seed Plants Jonathan P. Wilson* Andrew H. Knoll September 7, 2009 RRH: PHYSIOLOGICALLY EXPLICIT MORPHOSPACE LRH: JONATHAN P. WILSON AND ANDREW H. KNOLL Wilson - 2 Abstract We present a morphometric analysis of water transport cells within a physiologically explicit three-dimensional space. Previous work has shown that cell length, diameter, and pit resistance govern the hydraulic resistance of individual conducting cells; thus, we use these three parameters as axes for our morphospace. We compare living and extinct plants within this space to investigate how patterns of plant conductivity have changed over evolutionary time. Extinct coniferophytes fall within the range of living conifers, despite differences in tracheid-level anatomy. Living cycads, Ginkgo biloba, the Miocene fossil Ginkgo beckii, and extinct cycadeoids overlap with both conifers and vesselless angiosperms. -
University of Birmingham an Anatomically Advanced Species Of
University of Birmingham An anatomically advanced species of the fern Botryopteris Renault from the Permian of southwestern China He, Xiao-Yuan; Wang, Shi-Jun; Hilton, Jason; Galtier, Jean; Jiang, Hong-Guan DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.104136 License: Creative Commons: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) Document Version Peer reviewed version Citation for published version (Harvard): He, X-Y, Wang, S-J, Hilton, J, Galtier, J & Jiang, H-G 2020, 'An anatomically advanced species of the fern Botryopteris Renault from the Permian of southwestern China', Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, vol. 273, 104136, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.104136 Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain. Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document. -
Iop Newsletter 120
IOP NEWSLETTER 120 October 2019 CONTENTS Letter from the president Elections of IOP Executive Committee 2020 – Call for nominations Special issue in occasion of the 65th birthday of Hans Kerp Collection Spotlight: Cleveland Museum of Natural History Reflections from the ‘Earth Day’ 2019 Upcoming meetings IOP Logo: The evolution of plant architecture (© by A. R. Hemsley) 1 Letter from the president Greetings Members, This past quarter we have welcomed the publication Festschrifts celebrating our colleagues Hans Kerp (PalZ Paläontologische Zeitschrift, see below) and Gar Rothwell (International Journal of Plant Sciences v 180 nos. 7, 8). Thank you to the teams of editors and authors who have contributed to these issues illustrating the continuing strength of our discipline— and congratulations to Hans and Gar for inspiring such productivity by your admiring colleagues! Already three years have passed since our gathering for IOPC in Salvador, Brazil in 2016, and now planning is in full swing for next year’s meeting in Prague, 12-19 September 2020. This will be the 11th quadrennial meeting of IOP, held concurrently with the 15th International Palynological Conference. Please note the formal announcement in this newsletter (page 12, herein). Nominations for colleagues deserving of honorary membership are welcome at any time. As the submission of abstracts for IOPC/IPC presentations will be possible soon, we kindly remind the IOP Student Travel Awards. We will financially support about 5 to 7 PhD or MSc students in order to enable them to participate in the conference and present their research results in a talk. Recent PhD graduates will also qualify for these awards, if their completion was less than nine months prior to the time of the conference. -
Transformative Paleobotany
Chapter 6 Lower Permian Flora of the Sanzenbacher Ranch, Clay County, Texas William A. DiMichele1, Robert W. Hook2, Hans Kerp3, Carol L. Hotton1,4, Cindy V. Looy5 and Dan S. Chaney1 1NMNH Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States; 2The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; 3Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; 4National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; 5University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States 1. INTRODUCTION 1985; Broutin, 1986; Popa, 1999; Steyer et al., 2000; Wagner and Mayoral, 2007; Bercovici and Broutin, 2008; Since 1989, field parties supported by the U.S. National Barthel, 2009; Wagner and Álvarez-Vázquez, 2010; Museum of Natural History have obtained large collections Barthel and Brauner, 2015). Furthermore, because this of mainly Permian plant fossils from north central Texas. locality was collected on three occasions over a time period This work was undertaken to study known localities and to of 50 years and by different parties, comparative analysis of find new fossiliferous deposits that would contribute to a the Sanzenbacher collections provides a basis for assessing better understanding of floral and paleoenvironmental sites that have comparable histories. changes within the region during the early Permian. From the outset, the effort was interdisciplinary and grew, through the contributions of nearly 20 paleobotanists, 2. GEOLOGY palynologists, invertebrate and vertebrate paleontologists, Clay County is the only county in the Permo-Carboniferous and sedimentary geologists of several subdisciplines, to be outcrop belt of north central Texas that lacks marine rocks. quite comprehensive. Our reporting of results, however, has These alluvial sediments accumulated east of a broad been influenced by unexpected developments, including the coastal plain that bordered the Eastern Shelf of the Midland discovery of new plant-fossil assemblages in areas once Basin.