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References (The Literature Survey Was Completed in the Spring of 1995) References (The literature survey was completed in the Spring of 1995) Abdullah MAR, Abulfatih HA (1995) Predation of Acacia seeds by bruchid beetles and its relation to altitudinal gradient in south-western Saudi Arabia. J Arid Environ 29:99- 105 Abramsky Z, Pinshow B (1989) Changes in foraging effort in two gerbil species with habitat type and intra- and interspecific activity. Oikos 56:43-53 Abramsky Z, Rosenzweig ML, Pins how BP, Brown JS, Kotler BP, Mitchell WA (1990) Habitat selection: an experimental field test with two gerbil species. Ecology 71:2358-2369 Abramsky Z, Shachak M, Subrach A, Brand S, Alfia H (1992) Predator-prey relationships: rodent-snail interaction in the Central Negev Desert ofIsrael. Oikos 65:128-133 Abushama FT (1972) The repugnatorial gland of the grasshopper Poecilocerus hiero­ glyphicus (Klug). J Entomol Ser A Gen EntomoI47:95-100 Abushama FT (1984) Epigeal insects. In: Cloudsley-Thompson JL (ed) Sahara desert (Key environments). Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 129-144 Alexander AJ (1958) On the stridulation of scorpions. Behaviour 12:339-352 Alexander AJ (1960) A note on the evolution of stridulation within the family Scorpioni­ dae. Proc Zool Soc Lond 133:391-399 Alexander RD (1974) The evolution of social behaviour. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 5:325-383 AlthoffDM, Thompson IN (1994) The effects of tail autotomy on survivorship and body growth of Uta stansburiana under conditions of high mortality. Oecologia 100:250- 255 Applin DG, Cloudsley-Thompson JL, Constantinou C (1987) Molecular and physiological mechanisms in chronobiology - their manifestations in the desert ecosystem. J Arid Environ 13:187-197 Arnold EN (1984) Evolutionary aspects of tail shedding in lizards and their relatives. J Nat Hist 18:127-169 Arnold EN (1986) Mite pockets of lizards, a possible means of reducing damage by ecto­ parasites. BioI J Linn Soc 29:1-21 Arnold EN (1988) Caudal autotomy as a defense. In: Gans C, Huey RB (eds) Biology of the Reptilia 16 (Ecology B) Defense and life history. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 235- 273 Arnold EN (1995) Identifying the effects of history on adaptation: origins of different sand-diving techniques in lizards. J Zool Lond 253:351-388 Askew RR (1971) Parasitic insects. Heinemann Educ Books, London Augner M, Fagerstrom T, Tuomi J (1991) Competition, defense and games between plants. Behav Ecol SociobioI29:231-234 Bach CE (1994) Effects of a specialist herbivore (Altica supplicata) on Salix cordata and sand dune succession. Ecol Monogr 64:423-445 Baker BH (1960) Mammals of the Guadiana lava field. Durango, Mexico. Publ Michigan State Mus BioI Ser 1:305-327 Baker HG, Harris BJ (1957) The pollination of Parkia by bats and its attendant evolution­ ary problems. Evolution 11:449-460 Ballinger RE, Tinkle DW (1979) On the cost of tail regeneration to body growth in liz­ ards. J Herpetol13:374-375 178 References Barbour MG (1981) Plant-plant interactions. In: Goodall DW, Perry RA, Howes KMW (eds) Arid-land ecosystems: structure, functioning and management (International Biological Programme 17), vol 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 33-49 Barlow B, Wiens D (1977) Host-parasite resemblance in Australian mistletoes: the case for cryptic mimicry. Evolution 31:69-84 Barth F (1985) Insects and flowers. The biology of a partnership (translated by Bieder­ man-Thorson MA). George Allen & Unwin, London. Princeton University Press, Princeton Barton NWH, Houston DC (1994) Morphological adaptation of the digestive tract in relation to feeding ecology of rap tors. J Zool Lond 232:133-150 Batanouny KH (1981) Ecology and flora of Qatar. Alden Press, Oxford for Univ Qatar Bates HW (1862) Contributions to an insect fauna of the Amazon valley. Lepidoptera: Heliconidae. Trans Linn Soc Lond 23:495-566 Bauer AM, Russell AP (1991) Pedal specializations in dune-dwelling geckos. J Arid Envi­ ron 20:43-62 Bayne EM, Brigham RM (1995) Prey selection and foraging constraints in common poorwills (Phalaenoptilus nuttallii: Aves:Caprimulgidae). J Zool Lond 235:1-8 Bazzaz FA, Chiariello NR, Coley PD, Pitelka LF (1987) Allocating resources to reproduc­ tion and defense. Bioscience 37:58-67 Bell EA (1981) The physiological roles of secondary (natural) products. In: Conn EE (ed) The biochemistry of plants, vol 7 Secondary plant products. Academic Press, New York, pp 1-19 Bell WJ (1991) Searching behaviour. The behavioural ecology of finding resources. Chapman & Hall, London Bellairs A (1969) The life or reptiles (2 vols). Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London Bellairs A, d'A, Bryant SV (1985) Autotomy and regeneration in reptiles. In: Gans C, Billett F (eds) Biology of the Reptilia 15 (Development B). Academic Press, London, pp 301-410 Belsky AJ, Carson WP, Jensen CL (1993) Over compensation by plants: herbivore optimi­ zation or red herring? Evol EcoI7:109-121 Bennet EL, Bonner J (1953) Isolation of plant growth inhibitors from Thamnosoma montana. Am J Bot 40:29-33 Bennett NC (1994) Reproductive suppression in social Cryptomys damarensis colonies - a lifetime of socially induced sterility in males and females (Rodentia: Bathyergidae). J Zool Lond 234:25-39 Bennun L (1994) The contribution of helpers to feeding nestlings in grey-capped social weavers Pseudonigrita arnaudi. Anim Behav 47:1047-1056 Benson L (1969) The cacti of Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Tucson Bertram BCR (1975) Living in groups: predators and prey. In: Krebs JR, Davies NB (eds) Behavioural ecology: an evolutionary approach. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 64-96 Bertram BCR (1992) The ostrich communal nesting system (Monographs in behavior and ecology). Princeton University Press, Princeton Blum MS (1981) Chemical defences of arthropods. Academic Press, New York Bonner J, Galston AW (1944) Toxic substances in the interaction of higher plants. Bot Gaz 106:185-198 Borremissza GF (1957) An analysis of arthropod succession in carrion and the effect ofits decomposition on the soil fauna. Aust J ZooI5:1-12 Bothma JduP, van Rooyen N, Theron GK, Ie Riche EAN (1994) Quantifying woody plants as hunting cover for southern Kalahari leopards. J Arid Environ 26:273-280 Bowers MD (1990) Recycling plant natural products for insect defense. In: Evans DL, Schmidt JO (eds) Insect defenses. Adaptive mechanisms and strategies of prey and predators (SUNY series in animal behavior). State University of New York Press, Al­ bany, pp 353-386 References 179 Bowers WS (1991) Insect hormones and antihormones in plants. In: Rosenthal GA, Be­ renbaum MR (eds) Herbivores. Their interactions with secondary plant metabolites, vol 1. The chemical participants, 2nd edn. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 431-456 Brahmachary RL (1982) The inter-relationship between Acacia thorns and insects in East Africa. J Arid Environ 5:319-322 Brain C (1990) Aspects of drinking by baboons (Papio ursin us) in a desert environment. In: Seely MK (ed) Namib ecology: 25 years of Namib research. Transvaal Museum Monograph No 7. Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, pp 169-172 Brattstrom BH (1974) The evolution of reptilian social behaviour. Am ZooI14:35-49 Brian MV (1983) Social insects. Ecology and behavioural biology. Chapman & Hall, Lon­ don Brisson J, Reynolds JF (1994) The effect of neighbors on root distribution in a creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) population. Ecology 75: 1693-1702 Brown CR, Hoogland JL (1986) Risk in mobbing for solitary and colonial swallows. Anim Behav 34:1319-1323 Brown JH (1986) The roles of vertebrates in desert ecosystems. In: Whitford WG (ed) Pattern and process in desert ecosystems. Contributions of the Committee on Desert and Arid Zones Research of the Southwestern and Rocky Mountain Division of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 21. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, pp 51-71 Brown JH, Davidson DW (1977) Competition between seed-eating rodents and ants in desert ecosystems. Science (NY) 196:880-882 Brown JH, Grover JJ, Davidson DW, Lieberman GA (1975) A preliminary study of seed predation in desert and montane habitats. Ecology 56:987-992 Brown JL (1987) Helping and communal breeding in birds: ecology and evolution. Prin­ ceton University Press, Princeton Brown JS (1989a) Desert rodent-community structure: a test of four mechanisms of coex­ istence. Ecol Monogr 59:1-20 Brown JS (1989b) Mechanisms underlying the organization of a desert rodent commu­ nity. J Arid Environ 17:211-218 Brown L (1976) Birds of prey, their biology and ecology. Hamlyn, London Brown LH (1982) Ciconiidae, storks. In: Brown LH, Urban EK, Newman K (eds) The birds of Africa, vol 1. Academic Press, London, pp 172-190 Brown WL (1960) Ants, acacias and browsing mammals. Ecology 41:587-592 Brownell PH (1977) Compressional and surface waves in sand: used by desert scorpions to locate prey. Science (NY) 197:479-482 Brownell PH, Farley RD (1979a) Prey localizing behavior of the nocturnal desert scorpion Paruroctonus mesaensis: orientation to substrate vibrations. Anim Behav 27:185-193 Brownell PH, Farley RD (1979b) Detection of vibrations in sand by tarsal sense organs of the nocturnal scorpion, Paruroctonus mesaensis. J Comp Physiol131A:23-30 Brownell PH, Farley RD (1979c) Orientation to vibrations in sand by the nocturnal scor­ pion Paruroctonus mesaensis: mechanism of target location. J Comp Physiol 131A:31-38 Bubenik GA (1990) Epigenetical, morphological, and behavioral aspects of evolution of horns, pronghorns and antlers. In: Bubenik GA, Bubenik AB (eds) Horns, prong­ horns and antlers. Evolution, morphology, physiology and social significance. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 3-113 Bull CM, Burzacott D (1993) The impact of tick load on the fitness of their lizard hosts. Oecologia 96:415-419 Burrage BR (1973) Comparative ecology and behaviour of Chamaeleo pumilis pumilis (Gmelin) and C. namaquensis A. Smith (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae). Ann S Afr Mus 61:1-158 Buxton PA (1923) Animal life in deserts. A study of the fauna in relation to the environ­ ment. Edward Arnold, London 180 References Carlisle DB, Ellis PE, Betts E (1965) The influence of aromatic shrubs in sexual matura­ tion in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria.
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